文档内容
关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
►第 17 讲 根据情景写句子（讲义）
目录
一 复习目标 掌握目标及备考方向
二 考情分析 根据情景写句子中考考情分析
1.熟悉计划与愿望、周围环境、日常活动、个人
根据情景写句子 情感和人际关系的用语
三
的考向 2.掌握简单有效的解题策略和正确的解题步骤
3.提升必考题型归纳
四 真题感悟 中考根据情景写句子经典考题精选
【复习目标】
1.熟悉计划与愿望、周围环境、日常活动、个人情感和人际关系的用语
2.掌握简单有效的解题策略和正确的解题步骤
3.提升必考题型归纳
【考情分析】
根据情景写句子命题规律
根据情景写句子主要考查：日常交际用语,如:问候、介绍、问路、看病、购物、就
餐、祝愿、打电话、谈天气等情景中的固定句式和习惯表达方式。熟悉中西方文化的差
异,掌握不同民族的交际习惯,摆脱中文思维模式,是解答情景交际题的有效方法。英语谚
语的考查也在最近几年的考试题中经常出现。在平时学习过程中应进行广泛的阅读和积
累,理解不同谚语的字面意思及深层含义。解题时还要注意题目提供的背景。
根据情景写句子解题技巧
一、提问类(可以这样问)
用来询问对方具体事物,中文题干多为“你想……/你想知道……,可以这样问”,答案均以特殊疑问词(词
组)引导,如:What, When/What time, Who, Where, How, Why, How often, How much, How far, How soon等。
此类题目要注意中文题干中关键词与英文疑问词的对应转换,如:做什么=What,在哪儿/找不到=Where,什
么时候/几点=When/What time,方式/怎么样=How,为何=Why,多久……一次=How often,价格/多少钱=How
1关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
much,距离/多远=How far等。
(1)特殊疑问句类:句式结构为“特殊疑问词+助动词+主语+谓语+其他?/特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+其他?”。
如:
What do you want to drink?你想要喝什么?
(2)一般疑问句类:句式结构为“助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+其他?/Be动词+主语+其他?”。如:
Do you like going fishing?你喜欢钓鱼吗?
Can you help me?你可以帮我吗?
Is this your watch?这是你的手表吗?
(3)there be句型:句式结构为“Be动词+there+主语+地点状语?”。如:
Excuse me, is there a hospital near here?打扰一下,附近有医院吗?
熟记“问”字句型:
①问天气:What’s the weather like today?/How is the weather today?
②问时间:What’s the time?/What time is it?
③问职业:What’s your father?/What’s your father’s job?/What does your father do?
④问价格:What’s the price of the book?/How much is the book?/How much does the book cost?/How much should
I pay for the book?
⑤问年龄:How old are you?/What’s your age?
⑥问地址:Where do you live?/What’s your address?
⑦问姓名:What’s your name?/Could I have your name, please?/Can you tell me your name?
⑧问词意:What’s the meaning of the word?/What does the word mean?
⑨问单位:Where do you work?
⑩问爱好:What’s your hobby?/What’s your favorite...?/Which do you like best?/Which do you prefer?
问感受:What do you think of the book?/How do you like the book?
问数量:How many people are there in your family?/How much water do you drink every day?
问人口:What’s the population of China?/How many people are there in China?/How large is the population of
China?
问路线:Which is the way to the hotel?/Do you know the way to the hotel?/Can you tell me the way to the
hotel?/How can I get to the hotel?/Where is the hotel?/Is there a hotel near here?
问尺寸:What size is your coat?/What size do you want?/What size do you need?/What size do you like?
问距离:How far is your home from here?
问星期:What day is it today?
2关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
问高度:How tall are you?/What’s your height?/How high is the mountain?
问宽度:How wide is the river?
二、陈述类(可以这样说)
用来介绍事物特征或客观描述,相当于翻译句子,中文题干多为“某人……,你可以这样介绍/你可以这样
说”或“你想告诉别人……,你可以这样说”。答案多为陈述句,也有祈使句或感叹句。
(1)陈述句:通常考查“主+谓+宾”或“主+系+表”结构,可结合专题九简单句中的陈述句学习。如:
I usually go to school by bus.我经常乘公共汽车上学。
(2)祈使句:通常考查“Don’t+动词原形”或“Let’s+动词原形”句式结构,可结合专题九简单句中的祈使句学
习。如:
Don’t speak loudly in the library.不要在图书馆大声说话。
Let’s go home together.让我们一起回家吧。
(3)感叹句:通常有两种引导词:How和What,可结合专题九简单句中的感叹句学习。如:
What a beautiful present(it is)!多么漂亮的一件礼物啊!
How fine the weather is!天气真好!
三、应答类(可以这样回答/对他说)
用来考查交际用语中的对话答语,常在一定的情境中进行。中文题干多为“别人对你说……,你应该这
样回答/应答/对他说”,答案多为固定情境中的答语。
话题内容
1.问候
(1)A:Hello./Hi. B:Hello./Hi.
(2)A:Hello.How are you? B:Fine,thank you.And(how are)you? A:Very well,thank you.
(3)A:Good morning/afternoon/evening. B:Good morning/afternoon/evening.
(4)A:Hi,Jim!Nice to see you! B:Hi,Li Lei.Nice to see you again!
(5)A:Hi,Sam!How are you today? B:Oh,hello,Lin Tao.Fine,thanks.What about you?
(6)Please say hello to your parents. Please give my best wishes to your parents.
2.介绍
自我介绍
(1)A:My name is Li Yan.Glad to meet you. B:Nice to meet you.My name is Huang Tao.
(2)A:Excuse me.What’s your(full)name,please? B:My name is Robert Thomas Brown.
A:May I call you Robert? B:Certainly./Of course.
介绍他人
3关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
(1)A:This is Mr.Huang. B:How do you do?
C:My name is Lin Ping.How do you do?
(2)A:This is Mr.Huang. B:Nice to meet you.
C:Glad to meet you.
注意:在交际场合里,介绍常常伴随着问候,可参照问候用语。
3.告别
告别前,客方表示要离开的常用语
(1)I’m afraid I must leave now./I’m afraid I must go now.
(2)I think it’s time for me to leave now./I think it’s time for us to go now.
双方相互道别时的用语
(1)Goodbye!/Bye-bye!/Bye!
(2)See you later./See you tomorrow./See you.
(3)Good night.
4.感谢和应答
感谢某人
(1)Thank you./Thanks a lot./Thank you very much. (2)Thank you for your help.
(3)It’s very kind/nice of you. (4)Thank you anyway/all the same.
回答感谢时的答语
(1)It’s a pleasure./It’s my pleasure. (2)That’s OK./That’s all right.
(3)You’re welcome. (4)Not at all.
5.道歉
当要麻烦别人时
(1)Excuse me,please. (2)I beg your pardon.
做错某事时
(1)Sorry. (2)I’m sorry for...
(3)I’m sorry that...
回答道歉时的答语
(1)That’s all right. (2)That’s OK.
(3)Never mind. (4)It’s nothing.
(5)It doesn’t matter.
6.邀请和应答
表示邀请的用语
4关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
(1)Will you come to my party? (2)Would you like to go for a walk?
(3)May I invite you to dinner? (4)How/What about going for a walk?
(5)Shall we do...? (6)Let’s do...?
(7)Will/Would/Can/Could you come to...?
接受邀请时的用语
(1)Yes,I’d like/love to. (2)Yes,it’s very kind of you.
(3)That would be nice. (4)Good idea./It’s a good idea./That sounds good.
拒绝邀请时的用语
(1)No,thank you. (2)I’d love/like to,but...
7.请求和应答
表请求
(1)May I...? (2)Can/Could I...?
(3)Would you mind if I...? (4)Can/Could you please do...?
(5)I wonder if I could/can do...? (6)Would you mind doing...?
表肯定的答语
(1)Sure./Certainly./Of course. (2)Yes,please./Go ahead, please.
(3)Of course,you can. (4)No problem.
(5)That’s OK/all right.
表否定的答语
(1)I’m afraid not. (2)I’m sorry,but you mustn’t/can’t.
(3)You’d better not.
8.祝愿、祝贺和应答
祝愿、祝贺用语
(1)Have a good day/time/journey/trip! (2)Good luck!
(3)Enjoy yourself! (4)Best wishes for you!
(5)Happy New Year! (6)Merry Christmas!
(7)Happy Birthday! (8)Congratulations!
(9)Well done!
应答
(1)Thank you. (2)The same to you.
9.提供帮助和应答
提供帮助
5关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
(1)Can I help you?/What can I do for you? (2)Would you like me to help you?
(3)Let me help you.
肯定回答
(1)Yes,please. (2)Yes,thanks.
(3)Thank you for your help. (4)Thank you.That would be nice.
(5)That’s very kind of you.
否定回答
(1)No,thanks/thank you. (2)That’s very kind/nice of you,but I can manage it myself.
(3)Thank you all the same.
10.约会
约会前询问对方有无空闲时间
(1)Are you free this afternoon/evening/Sunday? (2)Do you have any(free) time...?
常用答语
(1)Yes,I’ll be free then. (2)No,I won’t be free then.But I’ll be free tomorrow.
提出约会时间、地点以征求对方意见
(1)How about tomorrow morning? (2)Shall we meet at 3:00 p.m.at the school gate?
常用答语
(1)OK/All right. (2)All right,see you then.
11.打电话
非本人接
电话答语
Holdon(amoment),please.
{
Holdtheline,please.
Amoment,please.
Sorry.He(She)isnothererightnow.CanItake
amessageforyou?
Wouldyouliketoleaveamessage?
Iwillaskhim/hertocallyouback.
Sorry,I’mafraidyouhavethewrongnumber.
拨电话常用语
6关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
Could/May/CanIspeaktoJohn,please?
{
Hello,isthatJohnspeaking?
IsJohnathome?/ThisisJohn(speaking).
I’dliketospeaktoJohn.
Couldyouaskhim/hertocall/ringmeback?
I’mcallingtotell/askyoutocometomybirthdayparty.
Couldyoutellhimmytelephonenumber,please?
本人接电话答语
Hello!ThisisLucyspeaking.
{
Yes,speakingplease.Who’sthatspeaking?
IsthatJohnspeaking?
I’llcallyoubacklater/again.
12.就餐
主人常用语
(1)What would you like to have? (2)Would you like something to drink?
(3)Help yourself to some chicken. (4)Would you like some more rice?
客人常用语
(1)Yes,I’d like a drink. (2)I’d like rice and chicken.
(3)Just a little,please. (4)Can I have some more soup?
(5)It’s so delicious.Thank you. (6)No,thank you.I’ve had enough.
(7)I’m full,thank you.
13.看病
医生诊断常用语
(1)What’s the matter/wrong? (2)What seems to be the trouble?
(3)Do you have a fever? (4)How long have you been like this?
(5)It’s nothing serious. (6)Take this medicine three times a day.
(7)You’ll be all right/well soon.
病人叙述病情
(1)I feel terrible/bad. (2)I don’t feel well.
(3)I’ve got a cough/headache. (4)I’ve got a pain here.
(5)There’s something wrong with my eyes. (6)It hurts here.
(7)I can’t sleep well.
14.购物
售货员常用语
7关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
(1)Can/May I help you? (2)What can I do for you?
(3)How many/much would you like? (4)What color/size/kind would you like?
(5)What about this one? (6)Here’s your change.
顾客常用语
(1)I want/I’d like a pair of shoes. (2)How much is it/are they?/What’s the price of it?/How much does it cost?
(3)May I try it/them on? (4)It’s/They are too big.
(5)Sorry,it’s/they’re too expensive. (6)Do you have any other colors/sizes/kinds?
(7)Two and a half kilos/pounds,please. (8)That’s fine.I’ll take it.
(9)Just have a look. (10)Well,I’ll think about it.
15.问路和应答
问路用语
(1)Excuse me,where is the nearest post office? (2)Excuse me,can you tell me the way to the nearest post office?
(3)Excuse me,how can I get to the nearest post office? (4)Excuse me,which bus goes to the People’s Park?
(5)Excuse me, which is the way to...? (6)Excuse me, is there...near here?
(7)Excuse me, could you tell me how I can get to...?
应答
(1)It’s over there. (2)It’s about 50 meters from here.
(3)Go down this street until you see the tall red building. (4)Turn right/left at the first/second crossing/corner.
(5)You can’t miss it. (6)You can take Bus No.103.
(7)You’d better take a taxi. (8)Sorry,I don’t know.I’m a stranger here.
(9)It’s about 20 minutes’ walk.
16.谈论天气
询问天气情况
(1)What’s the weather like today? (2)How’s the weather in Beijing?
描述天气情况
(1)What a cold/hot day today! (2)It’s a nice/fine/beautiful/horrible day today.
(3)It’s sunny/cloudy/windy/rainy/snowy/foggy. (4)It’s getting cool/cold/warm/hot.
17.语言交际困难
(1)Pardon?/I beg your pardon? (2)Sorry,I can’t follow you.
(3)Could you say it again? (4)Could you speak more slowly?
(5)How do you say...in English? (6)I don’t know how to say that in English.
(7)I don’t know the word in English. (8)How do you spell it,please?
8关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
(9)I’m sorry,I only know a little English.
18.提醒注意
(1)Don’t forget your raincoat. (2)Remember to lock the door.
(3)Mind your head/step! (4)No smoking!/No spitting!
(5)Wet floor! (6)Look out!/Be careful!
(7)Don’t touch! (8)It’s dangerous!
19.劝告
(1)You’d better go to see the doctor. (2)You should listen to and read English every day.
(3)You need to buy a Chinese-English dictionary. (4)Don’t rush/hurry/push.
(5)Please stand in line.
20.建议
(1)Let’s go and have a look. (2)What/How about a picnic this Sunday?
(3)Why don’t you buy a computer?
1．（2023·福建厦门·厦门外国语学校校考模拟预测）你想告诉Jenny如果她来你的生日聚会，她会玩得很
开心。你可以这么对Jenny说：
If .
2．（2023·福建厦门·厦门外国语学校校考模拟预测）你想知道附近是否有邮局，你可以这么问：
Excuse me, is ?
3．（2023·福建厦门·厦门外国语学校校考模拟预测）你想告诉对方好久不见，你可以这么说：
.
4．（2023·福建厦门·厦门外国语学校校考模拟预测）你想知道对方假期过得怎么样，你可以这么问：
?
5．（2023·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）A: ?
B: I work in a car factory.
6．（2023·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）A: ?
B: I go to the movies twice a week.
7．（2023·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）A: ?
B: I want to be an engineer when I grow up.
8．（2023·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）A: We’ll leave for New York for a trip next week.
B: !
9关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
9．（2023·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）A: ?
B: It’s a fridge in English.
10．（2023·黑龙江绥化·校考二模）A: Would you mind opening the window?
B: . It is too hot.
11．（2023·黑龙江绥化·校考二模）A:
B: It is ten minutes’ drive from my home to school.
12．（2023·黑龙江绥化·校考二模）A: I won the first prize.
B:
13．（2023·黑龙江绥化·校考二模）A: ?
B: Linda has a toothache.
14．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第十六中学校联考模拟预测）你认为对方的主意很好，你可以这样说：
!
15．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第十六中学校联考模拟预测）当别人和你说“Happy New Year”，你可以
这样回答： !
16．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第十六中学校联考模拟预测）在餐厅你想让服务员过来买单，你可以这
么问：May ?
17．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第十六中学校联考模拟预测）同学没能帮上你的忙，但你还是想谢谢她，
可以这样表达：
same!
18．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第十六中学校联考模拟预测）当你提议向老师寻求帮助时，可以这样对
同学说：
Let’s .
19．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考模拟预测）入学第一天，你告诉你的好友你在七年二班，
你会这么说：
20．（2023·福建福州·模拟预测）对方向你道歉，你可以这样应答：
.
21．（2023·福建福州·模拟预测）想要知道对方的微信号，你可以这样礼貌地问：
WeChat ID?
22．（2023·福建福州·模拟预测）想要知道去三坊七巷的路怎么走，你会这样问路人：
Excuse me, Three Lanes and Seven Alleys?
10关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
23．（2023·福建福州·模拟预测）今天是Peter的生日，你应该这样对他说：
!
24．（2023·福建福州·模拟预测）你想知道Tony的近况如何，可以这样问：
?
25．（2023·福建南平·武夷山一中校考模拟预测）听到动听的音乐，你会这样感叹：
!
26．（2023·福建南平·武夷山一中校考模拟预测）你想知道Claire明天是否有空，你会这么问她：
?
27．（2023·福建南平·武夷山一中校考模拟预测）想告诉对方上课不要迟到，你会这样说：
.
28．（2023·福建南平·武夷山一中校考模拟预测）你想请朋友一起去游泳，你会这样发出邀请：
?
29．（2023·福建福州·福州华伦中学校考模拟预测）你想知道成为英语俱乐部的会员要多少钱，可以这样
问：
to become a member of the club?
30．（2023·福建福州·福州华伦中学校考模拟预测）对方帮助了你，你可以这样回应：
to help me.
31．（2023·福建福州·福州华伦中学校考模拟预测）你同学到你家来，你妈妈想请他们随便吃些水果，她
会这样说：
, kids.
32．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州屏东中学校考模拟预测）你向Miss Lee介绍你的妈妈，你可以这样说:
Miss Lee, .
33．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州屏东中学校考模拟预测）Betty要外出旅行，你可以这样祝福他：
, Betty.
34．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州屏东中学校考模拟预测）你想问Grace每天早上几点起床，你可以这样
问她：
every morning, Grace?
35．（2023·福建厦门·厦门双十中学校考模拟预测）你想告诉同学，勤洗手很重要，你会这么说：
It’s important to .
36．（2023·福建厦门·厦门双十中学校考模拟预测）你去商店买一双鞋子，想询问售货员它的价格，你应
该说：
11关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
Excuse me, ?
37．（2023·福建厦门·厦门双十中学校考模拟预测）你的朋友睡觉太晚，你可以这样劝告他：
.
38．（2023·福建厦门·厦门双十中学校考模拟预测）你想知道Beth的家离学校有多远，可以这么问：
, Beth?
39．（2023·福建龙岩·统考模拟预测）你想表达你把作业忘在家里了，你可以这样说：
40．（2023·福建龙岩·统考模拟预测）你向 Kangkang 打听 John 头发的颜色，可以这样问：
Kangkang,
41．（2023·福建龙岩·统考模拟预测）你想知道对方的地址，可以这样问：
42．（2023·福建龙岩·统考模拟预测）你想帮助对方，可以这样说：
43．（2023·福建龙岩·统考模拟预测）朋友对你说 I wish you success! 你可这样回应：
44．（2023·福建漳州·校联考模拟预测）你想知道漳州的人口有多少，可以这样问：
Zhangzhou?
45．（2023·福建漳州·校联考模拟预测）你看中了一件衬衫，想知道它的价格，可以这么问服务员：
?
46．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考模拟预测）你向妈妈介绍你的朋友，你可以这样说：
Mom, .
47．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考模拟预测）看到天气很糟糕，你可以这样感叹：
it is!
48．（2023·福建漳州·校联考模拟预测）你想询问他人春天的天气怎么样，可以这样说：
in spring?
49．（2023·福建漳州·校联考模拟预测）你想要预订两张7月5号到北京的火车票，可以这样说：
to Beijing on July 5th.
50．（2023·福建漳州·校联考模拟预测）假如你是Tom，接电话时，你可以这样介绍自己：
51．（2023·福建漳州·校联考模拟预测）如果你去饭店吃饭，服务员如何询问你想吃什么：
, sir/madam?
12关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
52．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州铜盘中学校考模拟预测）你想知道Mary的航班是几点的，你可以这样问：
, Mary?
53．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州铜盘中学校考模拟预测）当你在商店买衣服，服务员问“What size do
you take?”你可以这样回答：
.
54．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州铜盘中学校考模拟预测）你想知道这本书是谁的，你可以这样问：
?
55．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州铜盘中学校考模拟预测）当你问路人永辉超市在哪里时，你会这么问：
, where is the YongHui supermarket?
56．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州铜盘中学校考模拟预测）当你的新同学向你问候“How do you do?” 时，
你可以这样回答：
?
57．（2023·福建漳州·校联考模拟预测）你新买了衬衫，想问Eric的看法，可以这样问：
Eric, ?
58．（2023·福建漳州·校联考模拟预测）邀请朋友一起去图书馆，你可以这样说：
with me?
59．（2023·福建漳州·校联考模拟预测）你想询问Mary最喜爱的音乐，可以这样问:
, Mary?
60．（2023·福建漳州·校联考模拟预测）当别人表示不能帮你忙时，你可以这样应答：
.
61．（2023·福建·统考中考真题）你对自己所做的事情感到抱歉时，可以这样说：
for what I did.
62．（2023·福建·统考中考真题）朋友问你“Would you like tea or coffee?”时，你可以这样应答：
63．（2023·福建·统考中考真题）你想询问对方的健康情况，可以这样问：
?
64．（2023·福建·统考中考真题）你看到神舟十六号载人飞船发射成功时，会这样赞叹：
!
65．（2023·福建·统考中考真题）上课前老师对你说“Good afternoon.”时，你可以这样应答：
.
13关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
66．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）A: ?
B: He is handsome with blue eyes.
67．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）A: When is National Day?
B: .
68．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）A: ?
B: It’s rainy.
69．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）A: ?
B: I want to join the swimming club.
70．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）—Would you mind me sitting here?
— . Sit down, please.
71．（2022·福建·统考中考真题）你觉得同学做得很好，可以这样夸奖：
!
72．（2022·福建·统考中考真题）你想感谢英语老师，可以这样说：
.
73．（2022·福建·统考中考真题）你想询问书包的价格，可以这样问：
is this schoolbag?
74．（2022·福建·统考中考真题）你想知道对方的名字，可以这样问：
your name?
75．（2022·福建·统考中考真题）当有人用“Nice to meet you.”跟你打招呼，你可以这样应答：
.
14
