文档内容
作业 23 人与自然及环境类说明文
(每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
A
(2024·湖南邵阳二模)
Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean.They exist on vast scales and are equally important
havens(避风港) of biodiversity.Reefs occupy 0.1% of the oceans. 1
2 Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves，①low-lying islands such
as the Maldives would have flooded long ago ， and a billion people would lose food or
income.However，reefs are under threat from rising sea temperatures.Heat causes the algae(海藻)
with which corals are living together to generate toxins(毒素) that force those coral to leave.This
can cause a coral’s death.
Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help，
such as identifying naturally ②heat-resistant corals and ③cross-breeding such corals to create a
new type. 3 Without carbon reduction and decline in local，coral-killing pollution，even resistant
corals will not survive the century.
Doubters doubt humanity will get its act together in time to make much difference. 4 Carbon
targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with.Countries that share responsibilities for
reefs are starting to act together.Scientific workarounds can also be found.Natural currents can be
applied to facilitate mass breeding.Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can
be identified to maximize bang for buck.
This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important. 5 Hard-core greens—those
who think that all habitats should be kept unspoiled—may not approve.But when entire ecosystems
are facing destruction，the cost of doing nothing is too great to bear.
A．Corals are useful to people.
B．But there are ④grounds for optimism.
C．And they host a quarter of marine species.
D．It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems.
E．Coral’s global ecosystem services are worth up to $10trn a year.
F．This research can also be brought to bear on trying to save entire ecosystems.
G．However，the assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm.
语境猜词
①low-lying(合)＝low＋lying
②heat-resistant(合)＝heat＋resistant
③cross-breed(合)＝cross＋breed④ground熟义：n.地，地面
生义(文义)：n.
B
(2024·湖北七市州二模)
My name is McKenzie Skiles and I’m a snow hydrologist(水文学家) at the University of
Utah in Salt Lake City. 1 Actually，the purpose is to track dust’s impact on water resources.
I am most interested in the impact of warming temperatures on snow melting rates，and I
have started studying snowmelt since 2009 in Utah and Colorado.When I skied to research sites in
Utah to collect snow for my experiment，the ①mountainous landscapes were covered in dust. 2
It’s clear that 2009 was one of the biggest years for dust deposition(沉积) onto snow.
3 I usually have to cover several kilometers，carrying a 27-kilogramme pack with a
shovel(铲子) to dig a snow hole，tools to cut snow and measure its density，and containers to
collect snow for analyses.One year，I hit a dusty area of snow，broke my ski and sliced my leg
open.
In areas with heavy dust deposition，such as the southern Rocky Mountains，dust speeds up
melting by one or two months.Warming air temperatures affect snow gathering，but dust builds up
over time and ②darkens the surface. 4
I’m now exploring different ice and snow landscapes for further research.For example，how
black-carbon buildup following forest fires affects melting. 5 As we move into a future that is
likely to be even dustier，we need them to predict snowmelt for many reasons，including working
out how to use water in the western United States efficiently.
A．The dust caused a lot of trouble.
B．I went for miles in the wilderness.
C．Doing my research is no easy task.
D．One of the goals is to develop snowmelt models.
E．In Colorado，the red dust from desert soils had also blown in.
F．As a result，the snow will absorb more sunlight and quicken melting.
G．My job is to ski in the wilderness to measure dust on top of snow each spring.
语境猜词
①mountainous(派)＝mountain＋ous
②darken(派)＝dark＋en
C
(2024·江西萍乡一模)
New Animals
In northern Vietnam，in thick forests in the North Annamite Mountains，there is a wildlife
park called Vu Quang.In 1986，the area was made an official forest reserve.In 2002,550 square
kilometers of the area were declared a National Park. 1 It is in an area that is hard to get to，forone thing.And it’s an area that’s difficult to walk through because the rocks are covered with
algae and are very ①slippery.
2 In the last twenty years，several new species of animals that have never been seen
anywhere in the world before have been discovered there.Some of them are so new that scientists
haven’t given them official names yet!
The new animals discovered at the park include the Vu Quang ox or Saola，a “slow”
deer，a giant muntjac(the world’s largest，in fact)，a black deer and a “holy” goat. 3
The Saola was the first new species of large mammal to be discovered in more than fifty
years，so it caused a lot of excitement in the scientific world. 4 It has horns that can be between
one and two feet long，and that seem to come out of the animal’s head at slightly different
angles.That’s why it is called “Saola”，meaning “spinning wheel posts” in Vietnamese.
The creature had hidden safely for generations in the Vu Quang area.But once it was
discovered，it was in danger. 5 Sadly，the Saola is now being hunted and may well end up as
another ②endangered species.
A．That’s why it attracts hunters.
B．Vu Quang is no ordinary park，though.
C．Hunters have no respect for new species.
D．But that’s not all that is unusual about Vu Quang.
E．Five new species of fish have also been found there.
F．This was the first time so many new species had been found in this area.
G．It is a strange goat-like creature that looks as if it is somehow related to cattle.
语境猜词
①slippery(派)＝slip＋per＋y
②endangered(派)＝en＋danger＋ed
语境猜词答案
A．①低洼的 ②抗热的，耐热的 ③使杂交，杂交繁育
④充分的理由
B．①多山的 ②使变暗，变黑
C．①湿滑的，容易打滑的 ②(动植物)濒危的
答案精析
A 1.C 2.A 3.G 4.B 5.D
B 1.G 2.E 3.C 4.F 5.D
C 1.B 2.D 3.E 4.G 5.C
