文档内容
作业 14 人与环境类说明文
A
(2021·全国乙)
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter
ocean ecosystems every year.But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist
Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does.He builds massive sculptures out of plastic
garbage，forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year，the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse，” a pair of
10-foot-tall plastic waves，frozen mid-crash.Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several
volunteer beach cleanups，the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping
center in Ho Chi Minh City，Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled.Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of
plastic pollution，but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to
drink with and，because of their small size and weight，they cannot be recycled.Every straw
that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few
minutes.Once the drink is gone，the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018，Von Wong wanted to illustrate a specific statistic：Every 60 seconds，
a ①truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean.For this work ， titled “Truckload of
Plastic，” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic，
which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck ②all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic
footprint.
1．What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?
A．Beautifying the city he lives in.
B．Introducing eco-friendly products.
C．Drawing public attention to plastic waste.
D．Reducing garbage on the beach.
2．Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A．To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B．To explain why they are useful.
C．To voice his views on modern art.
D．To find a substitute for them.
3．What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?A．Calming. B．Disturbing. C．Refreshing. D．Challenging.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety
B．Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C．Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D．Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
语境猜词
①truckload(合)＝truck＋load
②all at once
B
(2024·安徽皖南八校联考)
Drought is an increasing problem in our warming world.All continents have been experiencing
more extended periods without rain，leading to forest fires and poor crop growth.Consequently，
people are looking at cloud seeding to solve the problem—a method of encouraging
precipitation(降水) by sending small particles of certain chemicals into clouds.
Cloud-seeding expert Arlen Huggins has been studying its ①effectiveness.“My earliest
experience was to use cloud seeding to reduce the amount of hail(冰雹) in northeast Colorado.We
didn’t have any luck with that ， but we had success later on in increasing snowfall in
Utah.Now，the focus is shifting towards increasing rainfall from summer clouds，which is far
more ②unpredictable，” said he.
The problem is that it’s pretty hard to know whether precipitation resulted directly from
cloud seeding.It might have rained or snowed anyway.Even if you practice cloud seeding in one
place and don’t in another，it’s impossible to know for sure what caused the precipitation.“As
cloud seeding is expensive and its effectiveness uncertain，its usefulness is still a matter of
opinion，” says Katja Friedrich，a researcher of University of Colorado.
Additionally，it’s not during foggy and snowy conditions that people think of increasing the
chance of rainfall.When a country is hit by drought，then cloud seeding isn’t an option due to the
lack of clouds.During drought，skies tend to be clear with few clouds.The best option to prevent
drought is to seed at times of the year when rainfall levels are normal or higher.
There are also environmental issues regarding the impact of cloud seeding.At high levels，the
chemicals sent into the clouds can harm humans and other animals，and some studies have found
them slightly poisonous.Apart from that，some environmentalists are concerned about the ③long-
term impacts，as there isn’t data on how much those chemicals accumulate in the environment
over 10 years.
5．What is the purpose of cloud seeding?
A．To increase grain output.
B．To slow down global warming.C．To reduce chemicals in the air.
D．To deal with dry and rain-free weather.
6．How is Arlen Huggins’ earliest experience in paragraph 2?
A．It’s effective. B．It’s unsuccessful.
C．It’s satisfying. D．It’s ④fruitful.
7.What is Katja Friedrich’s attitude towards cloud seeding?
A．Favourable. B．Opposed.
C．Unclear. D．Doubtful.
8．What can be inferred from the text?
A．Drought currently ⑤poses the only threat to forests and crops.
B．Rainmaking in any weather will come true in the near future.
C．Researchers now can not tell if rainfall is brought by cloud seeding.
D．Chemicals sent into the clouds will become less poisonous over time.
语境猜词
①effectiveness(派)＝effect＋ive＋ness
②unpredictable(派)＝un＋predict＋able
③long-term(合)＝long＋term
④fruitful(派)＝ fruit＋ful
⑤pose熟义：n.姿势
生义(文义)：v.
C
(2024·湖南长沙二模)
The Yellow River is the cradle of Chinese civilization.And flood control and prevention have
always been key to the well-being of the people living along it.Now，scientists can better work on
these issues by giving the river a digital twin.
The digital twin of the Yellow River uses various technologies，including big data，artificial
intelligence，and the Internet of things.Devices set up along the river collect and transmit
information to the center.Based on the information，a 3D model of the river is presented on the
computer screen.It’s like the Yellow River has a twin that reflects its real conditions.
One big ①breakthrough in the river’s digital ②governance is “smart stones”．According
to Wang Qin，a lead researcher at the Information Center of Yellow River Henan Bureau，a smart
stone is a water-proof stone-shaped device with chips，a battery，and a signal transmitter.They are
buried in important dike(堤坝) locations to record and report the movement of dike stones.“Upon
feeling movement of the dike stones，the smart stone sends an alarm to the center for quick
response，” Wang said.
“In the past，researchers had to learn the conditions of the dike on the spot by themselves，putting their lives at risk，” said Zhao Xiaoxiong from the bureau.“Now the smart stones can
do this for us，more safely，quickly，and accurately.”
And in the sky，drones(无人机) are flying.On the routes designed by engineers，the drones
become expert patrollers(巡逻员) of the river ，looking at its dikes and flood prevention
projects.According to Shen Lin from the Yellow River Conservancy Commission，thanks to the
drones ， researchers at the command center can get first-hand photos and
information.“Researchers then update the 3D model according to the changes the drones
reported.The newly updated model helps us test our floodwater release plans in case we ever need
to ③batten down the hatches(未雨绸缪)，” said Shen.
Under the water and up in the sky，intelligence systems are helping to protect the Yellow
River Basin on all fronts.According to the Ministry of Water Resources，in the future，we can
expect to see the construction of an even more comprehensive digital system for this important
river.
9．What is the main purpose of creating a digital twin of the Yellow River?
A．To conduct historical research.
B．To create a virtual tourist attraction.
C．To raise public awareness of river protection.
D．To improve flood control and prevention efforts.
10．How do the smart stones contribute to the river’s digital governance?
A．They record water quality.
B．They improve the river’s beauty.
C．They monitor and report the status of the dike.
D．They serve as markers for important locations.
11.What is one of the functions of drones in the digital governance of the Yellow River?
A．Entertaining tourists.
B．Collecting information on dike conditions.
C．Patrolling and taking wildlife photos.
D．Testing water quality.
12．What does the underlined word “comprehensive” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Complete. B．Basic. C．Beautiful. D．Natural.
语境猜词
①breakthrough(合)＝break＋through
②governance(派)＝govern＋ance
③batten down
语境猜词答案
A．①一卡车(的量) ②突然地；同时B．①有效性，效力 ②无法预测的 ③长期的 ④成果丰硕的 ⑤造成，引起
C．①突破，重大进展 ②管理，治理 ③准备应对可能的麻烦或困难
答案精析
语篇解读 艺术家Benjamin Von Wong非常关注塑料污染的问题，他用回收的废旧塑料垃圾
创作巨型雕塑，以唤醒和提高人们的环保意识。
1．C [推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“He builds massive sculptures out of plastic
garbage，forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.”可知，
艺术家Von Wong制作雕塑的目的是迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系，即关
注塑料垃圾造成的问题。故选C。]
2．A [细节理解题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是其中的“Just 9% of global plastic waste is
recycled.Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution...because of their
small size and weight，they cannot be recycled.”可知，全球仅有9%的塑料废弃物被回收利用，
而且作者特别说明了塑料吸管因为体积小和重量轻而无法被回收。由此可知，作者在第三段
讨论塑料吸管的问题是为了说明塑料吸管回收的困难。故选A。]
3．B [推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，Truckload of Plastic这一作品直观展现了塑料
污染的严重性，会令人不安，故选B。]
4．D [标题归纳题。通览全文可知，作者主要讲述了艺术家 Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作雕
塑以唤起人们对环保问题的关注，故选D。]
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了虽然人工增雨被认为是解决干旱问题的一种方
法，但是人工增雨的效果难以确定，并且存在环境问题和受气候条件的制约。因此，虽然人
工增雨可能会在一些条件下对缓解干旱有一定益处，但其实用性和可行性仍有待讨论。
5．D [细节理解题。根据第一段“Drought is an increasing problem...encouraging
precipitation(降水)．..chemicals into clouds.(在我们日益变暖的世界里，干旱是一个日益严重
的问题。所有大陆都经历了更多的长时间无雨期，导致森林火灾和作物生长不良。因此，人
们正在研究人工增雨来解决这个问题——一种通过将某些化学物质的小颗粒送入云层来促
进降水的方法)”可知，人工增雨是为了应对干旱无雨的天气。故选D。]
6．B [推理判断题。根据第二段中“My earliest experience...luck with that(我最早的实践是在科罗拉多州东北部使用人工增雨来减少冰雹的数量。我们运气不好)”可知，Arlen
Huggins 最初的实践没有成功。故选B。]
7．D [观点态度题。根据第三段中Katja Friedrich的话“As cloud seeding is expensive and its
effectiveness uncertain，its usefulness is still a matter of opinion(由于人工增雨成本高昂，其有
效性也不确定，因此其实用性仍有待讨论)”可知，Katja Friedrich对人工增雨的做法持怀疑
态度。故选D。]
8．C [推理判断题。根据第三段中“The problem is that it’s pretty hard to know whether
precipitation resulted directly from cloud seeding.(问题是，很难知道降水是否直接来自人工增
雨)”可知，研究人员现在无法判断降雨是否是由人工增雨带来的。故选C。]
9．D [细节理解题。根据第一段 “The Yellow River is...And flood control and
prevention...by giving the river a digital twin.(黄河是中华文明的摇篮。洪水的控制和预防一
直是保障黄河沿岸人民幸福生活的关键。现在，科学家们可以通过给黄河创建一个数字孪生
体来更好地解决这些问题)”可知，创建黄河数字孪生体的主要目的是加强洪水的控制和预
防工作。故选D。]
10．C [细节理解题。根据第三段中“They are buried in...of dike stones.(它们被埋在重要的
堤坝上，以记录和报告堤坝石块的活动)”以及第四段“‘过去，研究人员必须冒着生命危
险，亲自到现场了解堤坝的情况，’来自该局的赵潇雄说道。‘现在智能石头可以帮我们更
安全、更快速且更精确地完成这项工作。’”可知，智能石头监测和报告堤坝的状况。故选
C。]
11．B [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“On the routes designed...flood prevention projects.
(在工程师设计的路线上，无人机成为河流的专业巡逻员，监视河堤和防洪工程)”可知，无
人机在黄河数字化治理中的作用之一是收集堤防状况信息。故选B。]
12．A [词义猜测题。根据最后一段内容可知，在水下和空中，智能系统正在帮助保护黄
河流域的各个方面，据水利部表示，在未来，我们可以期待为这条重要河流建设一个更全面
的数字系统。由此猜测，画线词意为“全面的”。故选A。]
