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第 11 讲 完形填空记叙文
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航····························································································································1
02 知识导图·思维引航····························································································································2
03 考点突破·考法探究····························································································································2
考点一 题型破解······································································································································2
知识点1 题型特点·······················································································································3
知识点2 解题要点·······················································································································3
知识点3 高分技巧·······················································································································3
考点二 句内层次题 ································································································································4
考点三 句组层次题 ································································································································5
考点四 语篇层次题 ································································································································6
04真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 ····································································································································8
2.命题演练 ··································································································································11
近四年完形填空考点细目
卷别 体裁 题材 词数 动词 名词 形容词 副词 介词
2024新课标I卷 记叙文 凡是要有自己主见 234 8 5 1 1
2024新课标II卷 记叙文 友善行为美食力量 227 9 5 1
2024全国甲卷 记叙文 厨房里的祖母聊天 276 7 8 3 1 1
2023新课标I卷 记叙文 越野赛的善行义举 225 7 7 1
2023新课标II卷 记叙文 帮狗狗与主人团聚 209 7 3 4 1
2023全国甲卷 记叙文 学会不要以貌取物 249 9 4 6 1
2023全国乙卷 记叙文 体操奥运冠军故事 244 12 3 4 1
2022新课标I卷 记叙文 家庭野营趣味经历 218 5 5 3 1 1
2022新课标II卷 记叙文 环球旅行免费住宿 209 5 6 4
2022全国甲卷 记叙文 因狗结缘爱情故事 277 8 7 1 3
2022全国乙卷 说明文 孩子捉迷藏的研究 261 7 7 4 2
2021新课标I卷 记叙文 暑期短暂打工体验 230 9 4 2
2021新课标II卷 记叙文 中国警察无畏事迹 192 7 7 1
2021全国甲卷 记叙文 致歉酒店终获原谅 242 10 5 4 1
2021全国乙卷 夹叙夹议 女患巧妙感谢医护 261 10 7 1 2考点一 题型破解
知识点1 完形填空题型特点
近年高考卷完形填空文章长度250词左右，选材来自英美国家的主流书刊或正规网站，题材多样化，遵循“文章内
容生活化”原则，体现。
主题语境包含人与社会、人与自我、人与自然，体裁以记叙文为主，说明文和夹叙夹议文为辅。文章要求考生在正
确理解语篇主旨大意的同时，注重揣摩不同词语、句子及篇章结构之间的联系。
考查以语篇内容理解为主，注重对文章语境的理解和把握。从表面看考学生的词汇知识，实际上是以文章为裁体，
全面考察学生对文章的总体把握和全面理解，同时还考察学生的逻辑分析，推理等思维能力。命题原则：高考完形填空把考查上下文，词汇运用放在第二位。全文第一句不设空，设空间距为 10-15词，每小题所给
的四个选项大多属于同一种词类或同一范畴。新高考设空15个，全国甲、乙卷设空20个，设空平均间距为10个词左右。
首句不设空。4．选项以考查实词为主，如名词、动词、形容词等；虚词为辅，如介词、连词等。
高频命题点：高考完形填空遵循“”的命题原则，。语言简单，长句不多，没有生僻字。对动词、名词和形容词的考查
最多，对一词多义、熟词生义进行适当行适当考查。
选项规律：2024年新高考I卷： 3A；4B；4C；4D； 2024年新高考II卷： 4A；4B；4C；3D
2023年新高考I&II卷：4A；4B；3C；4D； 2022年新高考I&II卷：4A；3B；4C；4D
2021年新高考I&II卷：4A；4B；4D；3C； 2021年新高考I&II卷：4A；4B；4C；3D
知识点2 记叙文类完形填空解题要点
解题步骤 内容解读
中心思想有助于明确做题方向，提高针对性。文章题目揭示中心思想；如无题目，抓文
1. 抓住文章中心
章开头结尾，尤其是议论抒情的语句，也可抓住文章的中心。
在做题时考生可采用“角色渗透法”，这样有助于走进作者的思维，深入理解文章的含
2. 明确叙述角度
义。
记叙文的写作顺序有：顺叙、倒叙、插叙、补叙、分叙，理清写作顺序有助于了解事情
3. 理清写作顺序
发展的来龙去脉，从而更迅速、准确地理解文意。
弄清记叙文的6要素(5W1H)，即时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原
4. 明确写作要素
因(why)、结果(how)，抓住这些写作要素，就基本上抓住了文章的主体。
5. 洞悉写作目的 写作目的是借助叙事、写人或写景来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪或教益。
6. 运用高分技巧 按照命题分布规律和高分技巧正确解题并代入验证。
知识点3 高分技巧
一 分析命题规律，掌握解题策略
句内层次题：解题信息分布在本句内部，瞻前顾后，左顾右盼，边读边填。
句组层次题：解题信息分布在设空处前后的一组句子中，瞻前顾后寻找暗示。
语篇层次题：解题信息分布在语篇的某一处甚至全篇，需要综合推断。
二 具备全文意识
1. 速度全文知主旨：根据首句给出的提示，快速通读全文，借助文中的关键词，简要了解文章大意，，理清脉络，
把握中心。写作要素都紧紧围绕这一中心进行。抓住中心主旨大意有助于明确做题方向，提高针对性。
2. 先易后难加连贯：记叙文的最终目的是借助叙事来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪或教益。因此，在阅读时根据题型
特点解答出较容易的题后，应当结合上下文，分析具体情节，认真体会文字背后的东西，才能洞悉作者的态度和观点，
推断出更难一些的态度判断题。
3. 复读全文验答案：填空全部完成后，将选项代入原文，通读一遍，看读文是否流畅、语意是否连贯，对感到很不
通顺的地方，可以从语法、词文、习惯用法、固定搭配、背景知识等方面进一步验证和确定答案。
三 选项考点明辨析
重点在上下文语境理解上，词汇运用次之。每小题给出的单词多为同一类词。所设的选项更具有干扰性，更加强调对语
境的考查。
1. 动词 ：动词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。包括动词词组。2. 名词 ：名词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
3. 形容词 ：形容词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
4. 副词 ：副词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
考点二 句内层次题
逻辑关系 例词
对立关系： but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, unfortunately, although, even though, nevertheless, in spite of,
让步和转折 regardless of, anyhow, instead of, rather than, not…but等。
because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, such…that, in order that, consequently,
因果关系 accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that,
now that, as a result, for this reason等。
并列关系 and, or, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to
say, as well as, the same…as等。
递进关系 then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what’s worse, even worse等。
总分关系 such as, for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically等。
名师提醒：完形填空的每一个空都不是孤立存在的，除了词义和用法的考查，句中及全文的逻辑关系是重要线索。解题
时应在整体把握文章脉络的基础上，按照行文逻辑进行合理推断。
典例1.（2024年新高考I卷完形填空片段）Feeling motivated, I started running ____42____, but then two things happened.
42. A. regularly B. silently C. proudly D. recently
句内层次题
典例2.（2024年浙江卷1月完形填空片段）
While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling,
educational, and above all else, wonderful ____21____ with a local that all travelers long for.
21. A. experiment B. encounter C. competition D. appointment
句内层次题
典例3.（2024年新高考II卷完形填空片段）I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to
___21___, Italy was the clear winner.
21. A. study B. rent C. visit D. settle
句中层次题
变式训练（2024年浙江卷1月完形填空片段）
My new friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the ____24____ to practice my Chinese.
24. A. chance B. advice C. trouble D. right句中层次题考点三 句组层次题
解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需前瞻后顾，综合意群信息解答。即：本句信息不足填，空格前
后再找信息源。
1．利用语义复现解题
2． 利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题
3 ．利用逻辑关系解题
4 ．利用语境暗示分析法解题
典例1.（2024年新高考II卷完形填空片段）During my first visit to Italy, I ___22___ to ask for directions or order in a
restaurant. But every time I tried to ___23___ a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and ___24___ my language
skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language ___25___.
22. A. planned B. struggled C. refused D. happened
23. A. string B. hang C. mix D. match
24. A. improved B. assessed C. admired D. praised
25. A. course B. barrier C. area D. test
考查句组层次题
典例2.（2024年浙江卷1月）
While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling,
educational, and above all else, wonderful ____21 .encounter ____ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man
____22____ me on the train. My ____23____ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the ____24 .chance ____ to
practice my Chinese.
22. A. treated B. saved C. lectured D. approached
23. A. true B. so-called C. new D. long-lost
句组层次题句组层次题
典例2 （2023年新高考I卷完形片段）
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 41
the course earlier than she did. Her 42 came because she was carrying a 43 across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 44 .race when a runner
in front of her began crying in pain. She 45 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she
could walk forward with ai . She couldn’t. Bailey then bent down to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the
way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 48 attention.
41．A．designed B．followed C．changed D．finished
42．A．delay B．chance C．trouble D．excuse
43．A．judge B．volunteer C．classmate D．competitor
45．A．agreed B．returned C．stopped D．promised48．A．medical B．public C．constant D．Equal
句组层次题。
考点四 语篇层次题
语篇层次题要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、
判断，从而做出正确的选择。这类题难度较大，一篇完形填空中，大约有2～3道此类题。不急于解答，读完全文后综
合思维再做判定。语篇层次题的解答必须立足于整个语篇，因此在解题时对这类题目不能急于解答，要把握记叙文的主
旨大意，跨越段落，顺藤摸瓜，仔细比对，最终得出答案。
1. 利用语义复现解题
2. 利用总分结构或对比结构分析法解题
3. 利用逻辑关系解题
典例1.（24-25高三·湖北武汉·阶段练习） That leaves many people with severe headache. Yet Mik always had a smile and a
positive attitude. It had an enormous impact on me, giving me the strength to keep going.
Even today, when I find myself strength with anything in life, I just think back to Mik and his smile. A great attitude can
bring joy to those around you, or even 15 strangers to the top of a mountain.
15．A．persuade B．introduce C．motivate D．recommend
典例2.（2023年新高考I卷）
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have ____21____
the course earlier than she did. Her ____22____ came because she was carrying a ____23____ across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her ____24____ when a runner in
front of her began crying in pain. She ____25____ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she
could walk forward with ____26____. She couldn’t. Bailey then ____27____ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her
all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____28____ attention.
Once there, Lenoue was ____29____ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of
her knees. She would have struggled with extreme ____30____ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey, she is more ____31____ about why her act is considered a big ____32____. “She was just crying. I couldn’t
____33____ her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the ____34____, they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race,
but the ____35____ of human kindness won the day.
21. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished
22. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse
23. A. judge B. volunteer C. classmate D. competitor
24. A. race B. school C. town D. training25. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised
26. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice
27. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down
28. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal
29. A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated
30. A. hunger B. pain C. cold D. tiredness
31. A. worried B. ashamed C. confused D. discouraged
32. A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal
33. A. leave B. cure C. bother D. understand
34. A. ride B. test C. meet D. show
35. A. secret B. display C. benefit D. exchange
语篇层次题
变式训练（2021年浙江1月高考完形填空片段）
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day 42 ．We had to 43.carry everything we needed and walk three
miles to where we worked.It may not seem like a 44.long way but in 35℃ heat and with a heavy pack, my legs were on fire.
My job was to 45.build a stairway out of rock.This 46.meant climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited (栖息)
by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard, never 47.seen.
…
53.Needless to say，I suffered a lot.But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 54.survived．I think I am
much 55.stronger for having taken part in the project.
42．A．tour B．project C．campaign
D．Course 语篇层次题。
一、 真题实战
1.（2024年全国甲卷）
One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone in the
____21____ to help my grandmother wash dishes. ____22____ my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood.
Born just before WWII, my grandmother ____23____ an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a
chance to go to ____24____. Like in typical families, where boys were ____25____ much more than girls, my grandma had to
stay at home to do ____26____. The only opportunity (机会) she could seize to ____27____ was when her brother was having
Chinese ____28____ with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening ____29____.
This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down — a skill that has turned out to be quite ____30____,
especially whenever we share the newspaper. On most weekends, my grandmother, a young girl then, and her brother would go to
the ____31____. There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their ____32____ while
they watched all action going on around them. This is something I ____33____ — her ability to open her ____34____
underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed.
My childhood is quite ____35____ compared with hers. I am ____36____ that I did not need to ____37____ the hardshipslike she did. I've never faced the problem of ____38____. I guess our different childhood background is what makes my
grandmother such an amazing person to ____39____ to: her stories always make my history textbooks ____40____.
21. A. sitting room B. kitchen C. yard D. dining hall
22. A. As always B. By the way C. For example D. Here and now
23. A. adjusted B. promoted C. achieved D. experienced
24. A. work B. school C. court D. press
25. A. favored B. tolerated C. trusted D. acknowledged
26. A. gardening B. homework C. business D. housework
27. A. exercise B. study C. explore D. teach
28. A. food B. guests C. lessons D. tea
29. A. closely B. directly C. nervously D. freely
30. A. professional B. awkward C. simple D. practical
31. A. market B. mountain C. beach D. class
32. A. secret B. breath C. view D. tongue
33. A. admire B. notice C. adopt D. value
34. A. hands B. mouth C. eyes D. arms
35. A. difficult B. complex C. happy D. similar
36. A. grateful B. surprised C. convinced D. regretful
37. A. reflect upon B. go through C. ask about D. prepare for
38. A. unemployment B. health C. education D. communication
39. A. attend B. refer C. lead D. talk
40. A. come true B. come round C. come out D. come alive
2.（2023年浙江卷1月）
The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest. I was on my way to 41 a unique honey harvest. Here,
in south-east Ethiopia, hand-carved beehives(蜂箱)are placed in the 42 . Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—
and often 43 .
I 44 beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He
45 handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and 46 the bunch to create a torch(火把). Then, with
one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began 47 . He stopped every few
minutes to move the 48 higher up the tree trunk.
49 , Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch, he 50
towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds, he’d
51 the trunk and was back on the ground.
It was too 52 to collect the honey. A cool summer had delayed 53 . Baby bees were still in the
honeycombs(蜂巢). The adult bees were 54 and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree. He had to wait for the
right 55 to go back up.
41．A．share B．collect C．celebrate D．witness
42．A．courtyards B．fields C．treetops D．caves
43．A．urgent B．dangerous C．expensive D．pointless44．A．searched B．recognised C．followed D．invited
45．A．gathered B．cleaned C．dropped D．checked
46．A．shook B．lit C．measured D．decorated
47．A．jumping B．talking C．testing D．climbing
48．A．hives B．leaves C．rope D．honey
49．A．Finally B．Surprisingly C．Naturally D．Immediately
50．A．backed B．dived C．shouted D．inched
51．A．cut off B．gone up C．slid down D．held onto
52．A．high B．early C．fast D．close
53．A．hatching B．training C．sowing D．trading
54．A．curious B．hungry C．bored D．angry
55．A．moment B．equipment C．person D．order
3.（2022年浙江卷6月）
Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they ____16____ it. “Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shouts as I
throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He throws his arms and legs out ____17____ he were flying, his
eyes wide with ____18____. His trust in me is ____19____ which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge
sense of ____20____ .
I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets ____21____ , it will need more effort and sound
judgment____22____ . Trust is such an important part of a ____23____ relationship that it’s something that can’t ____24____ to
lose. Every time I _____25_____ Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he trusts me and feels _____26_____ in the
knowledge that he won’t get hurt ._____27_____ , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to _____28_____ that, when he’s
swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
_____29_____ in the workplace, trust is important for strong _____30_____ . It is something that every manager should
work hard to _____31_____ among their team. If people don’t trust you, they’re unlikely to _____32_____ your directions and
willingly become a loyal (忠诚) team member. A _____33_____ of trust can make people work against you rather than for you. At
the very least, it means that people are not going to be _____34_____ you their best. Good _____35_____, like good parenting, is
a long-term commitment.
16．A．deserveB．miss C．love D．know
17．A．as if B．in caseC．even though D．so that
18．A．fear B．excitement C．doubt D．astonishment
19．A．reasonable B．limitedC．absolute D．important
20．A．relief B．satisfaction C．achievementD．responsibility
21．A．older B．busier C．quieterD．healthier
22．A．on my behalfB．on my part C．in my honor D．in my name
23．A．long-distanceB．high-risk C．parent-child D．teacher-student
24．A．afford B．chooseC．wait D．expect25．A．attach B．compare C．adjust D．introduce
26．A．safe B．happy C．proud D．grateful
27．A．Above all B．In addition C．At firstD．For example
28．A．admit B．believeC．suggest D．imagine
29．A．However B．Therefore C．Similarly D．Fortunately
30．A．affection B．determination C．friendship D．leadership
31．A．assess B．organize C．develop D．understand
32．A．repeat B．follow C．changeD．forget
33．A．gestureB．measure C．bond D．lack
34．A．telling B．giving C．sellingD．sending
35．A．management B．personality C．communication D．education
二、 命题演练
1.（23-24高三·江苏泰州·期中）Recently Mom Elisa received a call from school about her 14-year-old son’s behavior in
the lunchroom. The boy toasted Pop-tarts for anyone who wanted them, and gave them out for free. Elisa explained that the family
kitchen was being built, 1 she had purchased a bunch of convenience foods that could be 2 in the microwave
or toaster, including Pop-Tarts. “I guess he saw how many we had and 3 we had plenty to share!” she said.
Her son, Mateo, is very 4 and generous. He is also a cancer 5 who once used money someone 6
him to buy toys for other sick kids. Elisa said, “A few years ago, someone gave him $100 as a gift when he started cancer 7
in the hospital.” He asked me to buy Lego 8 that he could give to other kids in the hospital.” Five years later, he’s just as
sweet and has no 9 of cancer.
The 10 mom shared her son’s story on the Internet and before long she had thousands of likes. When Elisa
realized the story had gotten 11 online, she decided to help others, just as her son always does. She threw out the idea
of 12 Pop-Tarts or other items to a local food bank, sending out the 13 to one near their home. Within
hours, the Food Collective had received so much web traffic that its website 14 . Elisa put out another link, and that
food bank started to fill up, too!
From there, the story continued to move in the best way possible. The Pop-Tarts company 15 to Elisa and
offered free Pop-Tarts for their family, her son’s school, and a generous donation to No Kid Hungry!
1．A．but B．yet C．thus D．so
2．A．boiled B．toasted C．prepared D．baked
3．A．figured B．decided C．denied D．suspected
4．A．lovely B．active C．confident D．sweet
5．A．survivor B．actor C．helper D．patient
6．A．sent B．supplied C．raised D．gifted
7．A．development B．treatment C．management D．improvement
8．A．pairs B．groups C．sets D．piles
9．A．mark B．sign C．signal D．sigh
10．A．proud B．excited C．worried D．warm-hearted11．A．large B．popular C．wide D．far
12．A．sharing B．sending C．donating D．applying
13．A．food B．items C．link D．Pop-Tarts
14．A．trapped B．crashed C．over-crowded D．stuck
15．A．reached out B．sent out C．handed out D．gave out
2.（2024·湖南郴州·模拟预测）On a summer evening in 2014, my wife and I encountered a sad scene during our trip to
the grocery store. A man, who was incapable of 16 mental function, wrapped himself with an old advertisement banner
(横幅) as 17 in the bad weather. Although he seemed unresponsive to our inquiries, his circumstance 18 us
deeply, inspiring my wife’s suggestion to buy him 19 .
We bought some bread and returned, but he wasn’t there. We felt disappointed. Soon we found that he had 20 a
family of migrant laborers who were camping nearby. To our surprise, the family did not 21 his presence but warmly
treated him like one of their own. They 22 their humble meal around an open fire, ensuring that the man’s plate remained
23 . Observing this act of genuine 24 and compassion, we felt 25 for having missed the chance to directly
26 the man ourselves, but 27 the selfless nature of the migrant family. Poor as they were, they demonstrated 28
by sharing everything they had with someone in need.
Moved by their actions, we 29 the loaf of bread near the man and departed, realizing that true giving is about more
than 30 needs; it’s about extending empathy and solidarity (团结) to others, regardless of personal wealth or status.
16．A．normal B．actual C．foolish D．deep
17．A．amusement B．protection C．medicine D．treatment
18．A．encouraged B．defeated C．touched D．angered
19．A．food B．clothes C．water D．toys
20．A．left B．joined C．supported D．discovered
21．A．appreciate B．mind C．evaluate D．observe
22．A．cooked B．ordered C．watched D．shared
23．A．full B．healthful C．available D．reachable
24．A．cruelty B．distance C．kindness D．patience
25．A．satisfied B．annoyed C．relieved D．disappointed
26．A．help B．protect C．inform D．comfort
27．A．protested B．admired C．reflected D．recommended
28．A．diligence B．patience C．responsibility D．generosity
29．A．picked up B．checked out C．put down D．showed off
30．A．political B．mental C．material D．financial
