第06讲阅读理解记叙文（练习）（原卷版）_03高考英语_2025年新高考资料_一轮复习_2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考，含2024年高考真题）_阅读

第 06 讲 阅读理解记叙文 目录 01 模拟基础练 【题型一】叙事型记叙文的考查 【题型二】记人型记叙文的考查 【题型三】新闻报道的考查 02 重难创新练 03 真题实战练 题型一 叙事型记叙文的考查 1.（23-24高三·江苏泰州·期中） Imagine sitting there sipping coffee when suddenly you see someone about to die. What would you do? On Dec. 26, Gelinne, 60, was staring out of his house in Edgewater, Maryland, at frozen Beards Creek when his daughter Aimee spotted the Piper Cherokee. “Look!” she cried. Gelinne looked up just in time to see a small aircraft a few hundred yards away, losing altitude. As the plane disappeared behind the trees, Gelinne, a former Navy commander and current cybersecurity expert realized it was going to land in the creek (小溪). He flashed on a moment from more than 20 years earlier: Sept. 11, 2001. Gelinne was at work in the Pentago in Washington, D．C．, when terrorists crashed a jet into the building. He fled the chaos but has always wondered if he could have stayed inside and helped. “To the right was the crisis, and to the left was escape. I don’t even know if I could’ve gone right, but I went left,” he recalled. On this day, Gelinned didn’t hesitate. He ran down to the waterfront. The plane had skidded (打滑) to as top on the broad, frozen creek, far from shore. It was now sinking. The pilot was standing on the wing. Gelinne knew from his Navy training that even a few minutes in the icy water could kill the pilot. He tested the ice with his foot and decided not to risk walking on it. Then he and his son, John J., 37, pulled out two kayaks (橡皮船). The kayaks’ paddles (桨) proved too flimsy, so the pair tried using shovels (铲) to push the boats along. It was exhausting. When Gelinne reached the plane, it had broken through the ice and sunk; only its tail was visible. The pilot was standing on a tail wing, submerged (浸没) up to his chest, surrounded by open water. Gelinne nudged (轻推) his kayak off the ice and into the water, paddling toward the pilot and thinking, “What if he panics? What ifI flip (翻)?” With his son nearby, Gelinne focused on keeping the pilot calm, joking, “Just hang on to the boat as if you were hugging your wife.” The pilot grabbed the kayak’s bow. Now the three men were floating together. By now, a police officer had arrived and radioed for help. A boat from the Maryland Department of Natural Resources appeared, breaking through ice as it arrived. It picked up the pilot, Steve Couchman, 71, and sent him to be treated for minor injuries. Later the boat returned to help Gelinne, now exhausted to shore while John Jr. made his own way back. “I’m 60 years old,” Gelinne says. “There was no way I could get him to shore.” Still, he was satisfied he’d gone the right way that day. 1．What does “the Piper Cherokee” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．The pilot. B．The kayak. C．The rescue team. D．The sinking aircraft. 2．What did Gelinne regret about Sept. 11, 2001? A．He escaped from the scene. B．He helped handle the chaos. C．He fought against the terrorists. D．He stayed inside to save the injured. 3．Which of the following best describes Gelinne? A．Honest and ambitious. B．Professional and dedicated. C．Humorous and calm. D．Helpful and selfless. 4．Why Gelinne was satisfied in the last paragraph? A．He dialed 911 immediately. B．He didn’t hesitate to escape from the ice. C．He decided to treat Steve for minor injuries. D．He chose to deal with the crisis bravely. 2. （2024·山西临汾·三模） Andrew McCarthy stars roles in era-defining movies such as Pretty in Pink, St. Elmo’s Fire and Less Than Zero. But he is also an award-winning travel writer whose books include The Longest Way Home (2012) and Walking With Sam (2021). In the new book, he looks back on an epic adventure, where he walked 500 miles across Spain’s Camino de Santiago with his 19-year-old son, Sam. McCarthy had hoped the trip would be a way to re-examine their evolving relationship, as Sam was just stepping into his own manhood. “I wanted to get to know my son. Not just in the parent-child, dominant- submissive or unruly roles, but as adults, as equals, as peers (同龄人),” he said. “The Camino gave me the greatest luxury you have with adult children — which is time.” For McCarthy it was a chance to spend time with Sam, and perhaps avoid repeating the history he had with his own father. “My relationship with my dad ended pretty much when I left home at 17 years old, and I didn’t want that happen with my kids,” MeCarthy said. The book’s structure follows the path of the Camino, with a chapter per day over the course. It creates a pleasant rhythm of the trail. It also establishes a gradual sense of community and friendshipamong the other walkers they encounter, and paints a clear picture of McCarthy as somebody extremely in touch with his feelings. Sometimes physical togetherness and shared experiences are the most you can ask for in a relationship, and there are lovely examples of both here. In one scene McCarthy realizes Sam is suffering from a sugar crash, and offers him a protein bar he’s been saving for just such a moment. “I reach out and rub his shoulder,” McCarthy writes.“He nods softly, gratefully. We sit together as thousands upon thousands of dandelion puffs (蒲公英) float in the air like dancing diamonds.” Walking with Sam captures this encouraging and hopeful expedition as the pair walk across the country and towards one another. 5．What do we know about Walking With Sam according to paragraph 1? A．A fantasy novel. B．A travel memoir. C．A prize-winning diary entry. D．An era-defining movie. 6．Why did McCarthy start the adventure? A．To honor his father. B．To help his son fly the nest. C．To bond with his son. D．To seek for writing inspiration. 7．McCarthy develops Walking with Sam by ______. A．comparison and contrast B．cause and effect C．facts and opinions D．sequence of events 8．What does the author think of Walking With Sam? A．Plain but functional. B．Inspiring and touching. C．Brief but informative. D．Humorous and straightforward. 3. （23-24高三·广东湛江·阶段练习） My legs were shaking, my heart pounding. As we neared the edge of the cliff (悬崖), I double-checked all my equipment to make sure it was secure. I felt anxious, and I was not eager for my turn as I waited in line with the members of my group. Fear rose from the pit of my stomach as I realized there was no one else to let in front of me. Slowly, I lowered myself to the edge of the nearly 200-foot cliff. My skin shook like a dozen earthquakes when I reached the person who hooked me to the belaying ropes, which kept me from falling. He hooked me up, and I slowly lowered myself over the edge of the cliff, breathed deeply, and went into a sitting position with both feet in front of me. I closed my eyes, took a deep breath, and began to go down. Panic took over as I reached a point where my feet could no longer touch the rocky wall. The wall was right there, fooling me. My foot made contact with the wall, causing me to turn around. As I slowly began to spin around an interesting thing happened; my panic disappeared suddenly. The beautiful view of the surrounding area overcame me. All the different-sized trees were evergreens, which seemed to blanket the hillside. The forest was filled with life as different types of animals raced across my field of vision. As I looked upward the sky seemed to open up into a blue vastness. A sense of excitement overtook me. I’d been waiting for this moment, night and day, for one long month, and finally my dream had become reality. I began to feel calmer and more relaxed. As I finally neared the bottom of the cliff, there seemed to be less animal activity. When I looked up, the cliffdid not seem so frightening. My feet were shaky when they finally touched the soft and muddy ground. My heart swelled with pride. Traveling on the muddy road, I began the long climb upward. 9．How did the author feel when he was about to go down the cliff? A．Excited. B．Eager. C．Frightened. D．Anxious. 10．Why did the person hook the author to the belaying ropes? A．To let him go down faster. B．To place him over the edge. C．To ensure his safety. D．To tie him to the tree. 11．When did the author begin to spin around? A．When his feet couldn’t touch the rocky Wall. B．As soon as his feet touched the rocky wall again. C．When he lowered himself down the cliff.D．After his feet touched the ground. 12．What was the author going to do after going down the cliff? A．Climb up the cliff once more. B．Go slowly down the mountain. C．Camp on the soft ground. D．Climb up the mountain. 4. （2022·江西南昌·模拟预测） Tina Leverton was 62 when she bought her first pair of ballet shoes. She said putting her feet into the soft leather was very emotional. She said:“I’ve waited a long time for it.” A few days later, Leverton took her first ballet class after seeing an advertisement in a newspaper. It showed older women dancing in a class near Leverton’s house. “As I came in the door, I found a big smile on my face. From the minute I started, I felt like coming home.” Leverton had longed to dance as a child. Sadly, her parents couldn’t afford ballet classes, for they were first- generation Indian immigrants, struggling to make a living in the UK. Her father was a train driver on the underground in London and her mother held two cleaning jobs. However, she harboured her dream of being a ballerina (芭蕾舞女演员). At her present age, a grand plie—lowering to the floor with bent knees seemed to be out of the question. It took her three months to master the move: leaping and landing on one foot. “I love the struggle and the challenge of learning something new. People in their 60s have a lot of self-limiting beliefs: ‘I can’t do it,’ ‘I’m not good enough.’ And maybe they’re not good enough. But it doesn’t matter,” she said. Ballet has been transformative. At a medical appointment a few months after Leverton’s first class, a nurse measured her at 163cm, half an inch taller than she had thought . She attributes (归因) the difference to improved posture. Her muscle tone has improved and her lower back pain has stopped. Dancing has also brought new friends. She met a group of older, more independent women and worked together towards a team award with the Royal Academy of Dance. And then, of course, there is the joyful feeling. “Ballet is all the therapy (治疗) I’ll ever need,” said Leverton. 13．How had Leverton been feeling about taking a ballet class? A．Confident B．Shy C．Bored D．Expectant 14．Why did Leverton fail to take a ballet class in her youth?A．The ballet class was unaffordable for her family. B．Her parents prevented her from doing so. C．Her family was busy immigrating to the UK. D．She had to hold two cleaning jobs. 15．What did dancing bring to Leverton? A．A team award. B．Health and friendship. C．Fame and wealth. D．A well-paid job. 16．What can be learned from Leverton’s story? A．Never too old to pursue dreams. B．Hard work pays off. C．Interest is the path to success. D．Actions speak louder than words. 5. （2024·北京朝阳·二模） When I was nine, my best friend nearly choked to death on a gobstopper, a type of hard candy. After several attempts, she coughed up the candy. I haven’t had a gobstopper since and I have carried with me a fear of seeing that scene again. Sadly, as I discovered this week, lightning can strike twice. I was getting off a tube train in London when I noticed a woman coughing. I slowed down, watching her carefully. I had learned that coughing is rarely a sign that something is terribly wrong. Suddenly, the woman stopped coughing, her eyes widened and she bent over. When I went over to ask if she was OK, she looked up at me, panicked, and pointed to her back. I started hitting her back and screaming for help. Despite having watched a few videos, I was terrified that I wouldn’t be able to correctly perform the Heimlich, a first-aid method, and that I would have to walk away with guilt for her death. But it was just the two of us, alone at an underground station; if I didn’t try to help, no one would. Thankfully, much like with my friend, after a few sharp hits, whatever had been stuck in her throat came loose. She thanked me, almost embarrassed, and walked up to the lift. I followed behind her, shaking, with tears in my eyes. By the time we reached the lift, we had both calmed down. She took my hands and thanked me again, before disappearing. She might have been fine without my hurried hits on her back — I may not have actually saved her life — but at least she knew that someone, a stranger whom she would never see again, cared. This experience also taught me about the bystander effect, where people assume others assumed to be available during an emergency, direct help from others is far less likely to will help, leading to inaction. I get it: the fear of making things worse, especially if you have no medical training, is real. Research suggests that when a “medically competent” person is assumed to be available during an emergency, direct help from others is far less likely to occur. Sometimes, though, regardless of who else could be nearby, it may be useful to get involved. So it was with the coughing woman on the tube. 17．How did the friend’s choking incident affect the author? A．She lived with a sense of guilt. B．She realized the importance of first aid. C．She developed a fear of witnessing similar events. D．She deepened her understanding of the bystander effect.18．What did the author do to help the woman on the tube? A．She relieved the woman’s coughing. B．She walked the woman up to the lift. C．She found a “medically competent” person for her. D．She performed first aid by hitting the woman’s back. 19．Which situation can be described as the bystander effect? A．You volunteered to help an old man carrying a heavy bag. B．You asked your brother who is a doctor to save a dying woman. C．You avoided involvement when seeing an injured lady on the road. D．You walked away after the rescue men asked you to leave the scene. 20．What can we learn from this passage? A．A good tun deserves another. B．Every cloud has a silver lining. C．A friend in need is a friend indeed. D．Action speaks louder than inaction. 6. （2024·新疆·三模） A few inspiring clues kept the rescuers going: the remains of fruit with bitemarks made by small human teeth, a pair of scissors and nappies (尿布) in the rainforest mud. All offered hope that four children, who come from the Huitoto Indigenous tribe, had miraculously survived a plane crash on May I in southern Colombia. The oldest of them was 13 and the youngest was only 11 months old. They were alive with tigers, poisonous snakes, storms and other threats under the dense green canopy of trees and vegetation. The remains of the Cessna light aircraft were found two weeks later, with the bodies of three adults still inside. But there was no sign of the children. A long search through the forest began. Helicopters hovered over the area around the crash, broadcasting message s from the children’s grandmother, telling them they hadn’t been forgotten, urging them to stay in one place, and dropping packets of food that may have helped them survive. “This isn’t a search for a needle in a haystack (干草堆), but a tiny flea (跳蚤) in a vast carpet, as they keep moving,” the captain of the search team told Colombian journalists. “Their bodies haven’t appeared, and I’m sure that we would have already found them if they were dead.” Then on a Friday in June, army radios sounded. “Miracle, miracle, miracle, miracle”. It was the army code for a child found alive; repeated four times meant all four had survived. Although malnourished, and covered in insect bites, none were in a serious condition. The military posted pictures of a group of soldiers and volunteers posing with the children, who were wrapped in blankets. The education of survival skills the children got from their grandmother, a respected elder in the Araracuara indigenous territory, was almost certainly vital to their survival. “They’ve given us an example of total survival that will go down in history,” said Colombia’s president, Gustavo Petro, calling it “a joy for the whole country”. 21．How many people were on board the plane that crashed? A．4. B．5. C．6. D．7.22．Why did it take about one month to find the children? A．There was no timely rescue. B．They were constantly in motion. C．The accident left them badly injured. D．Wild animals became a great threat for the search. 23．What’s the captain’s attitude towards the children’s survival? A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful. C．Subjective. D．Concerned. 24．What is the key contributor to the children’s survival? A．The pictures taken by the soldiers. B．The messages sent by the army. C．The tips from their grandmother. D．The encouragement of the president. 题型二 记人型记叙文的考查 1. （2024·广东江门·二模） Clair Hughes first began to research money-saving ideas to get out of her £3,500 student overdraft (透支额). The shopper started surfing the Internet for discount coupons (优惠券) and cut price offers. Revealing how she seldom pays full price for an item, Ms Hughes says, “Discounts are always there; it’s just a matter of being organized. Before starting this, I thought it’d be much work, but now I’m so used to this lifestyle that it’s automatic to me. I must have easily saved over £15,000.” Ms Hughes first focused on saving money back in 2010, when she moved in with her partner, Shane Byrne, a phone company trainer. After turning to the web for advice, she tried out a few clever money-saving tricks like switching her overdraft to a zero-interest account. Then, several years later, she came across an online community for “couponers” and decided to give it a go. She started spending hours surfing the web for coupons, printing them all out to take with her whenever she went shopping. Over the years, she has managed to get some impressive catches. Once, two lamps worth £140 cost her just £35. Two years ago, Ms Hughes also began using cashback apps where you are given money back on items ranging from beers to toiletries. After each shop, she uploads pictures of her receipts, which are then scanned, and money is given back on certain items. Among her other top money-saving tips, Ms Hughes recommends taking part in paid online surveys, which have earned her hundreds in discount coupons. She says, “I’ve heard a lot about collecting other people’s abandoned receipts from shopping trolleys to check for missed discounts. I can’t believe how much coupons and cashback apps have helped me. The community does benefit me a lot. There will always be someone on hand to explain how it works.” 1．What does saving money mean to Clair Hughes? A．It’s part of her daily life. B．It makes her shop less. C．It’s a way to leave school. D．It keeps her work organized. 2．What can we know about Clair Hughes?A．She always asks Shane for suggestions. B．She likes going shopping with her friends. C．She has bought some goods in low prices. D．She is good at discussing prices with others. 3．What does the last paragraph mainly show? A．Hughes’ feelings of her life. B．Hughes’ ways to get coupons. C．Hughes’ appreciation for society. D．Hughes’ difficulty in saving money. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．A Graduate Enjoys Shopping B．A Community Collects Coupons C．A Woman Focuses on Saving Money D．A Shopper Is Famous for Saving Money 2. （2024·河北·模拟预测） When I arrive at Falconwood Bee Farm, Kant Kaye in already deep into checking hive (蜂箱) boxes, unaware of my presence. I overhear her chatting with the bees, their soft hum (嗡嗡声) filling the air between words of encouragement and negotiation. Kaye was born with extreme deafness. While Kaye is able to hear with the assistance of hearing aids she usually removes them when she’s working. “Sounds aren’t natural to me,” she explains, “I just love the peace and quiet. When I’m with the bees, I don’t need to hear, I can focus better when I’m not constantly disturbed.” Equipped with only her hood (头巾), hive tool, and smoker, Kaye moves at a steady and calculated pace. I’m overdressed, having borrowed a full protective suit for the occasion. She instructs me to remove the gloves I brought and tells me where to stand so as to avoid stressing out the bees. Kaye’s gentle, careful style makes me feel at ease around her insects. The more time we spend together, the more I come to appreciate Kaye’s passion for bees, as well as the ways that being hard of hearing has influenced her unique approach to the craft. In her practice, she emphasizes natural beekeeping techniques that employ minimal chemical interventions. And she’s able to get all the information she needs to tend to the hives by relying on her other senses. Perhaps above all else, what makes Kaye an exceptional beekeeper is almost philosophical. Excelling at her job has everything to do with adaptation, managing the countless variables that arise on any given day. Is there too much rain? Too little? When will the flowers bloom? Will they produce enough honey? She responds accordingly, making sure not to disturb the bees’ rhythm and balance. “There is a spiritual side to beekeeping,” she said. “You can’t fully control them, like with anything in nature, really. Some years you get a great honey season. Some years are horrible and you lose 50 percent of your hive. There’s a lot of heartbreak but a lot of joy, too, in just working outside with these creatures—a living super organism.” 5．Why does Kaye work without hearing aids? A．To feel at ease. B．To better concentrate. C．To reduce dependence on them. D．To avoid the humming noise of the bees. 6．What can be inferred from paragraph 3?A．Kaye knows the bees very well. B．A protective suit is necessary for Kaye. C．Losing hearing brings trouble to Kaye’s work. D．The author is too frightened to follow Kaye’s instructions. 7．What matters most for Kaye to become an exceptional beekeeper? A．Her remarkable honey production. B．Her natural beekeeping techniques. C．Her knowledge on weather conditions. D．Her capability of handling daily uncertainties. 8．What is Kaye like? A．Creative and brave. B．Passionate and skilled C．Deaf but ambitious D．Heartbroken but determined. 3.（2024·贵州·三模）In Telangana, southern India, a 17-year-old teenager, Hemesh Chadalavada, is making waves with a game-changing invention that has the potential to revolutionize dementia (痴呆) care. When Hemesh was 12､his grandmother Jayasree, then 63, accidentally left the gas on in the kitchen after making herself a cup of tea. The incident frightened Hemesh who found himself wondering what would have happened if he hadn’t been there. Witnessing his grandmother suffer from dementia, Hernesh knew that he had to do something, so he turned to the Internet. After watching robotics courses online and taking advantage of his passion for coding, Hemesh set about creating a smart device. He spent time in a day centre to learn more about the needs of people with dementia. And 20 failed versions later, the Alpha Monitor was born. Using advanced machine learning technology, the device, which can be worn on the wrist, sends an automatic alert to caregivers when any abnormal activity is detected, such as if the user falls down, wanders off, or has an accident. While other devices rely on Wi-Fi and are therefore unable to detect movements outside a limited range, the Alpha Monitor uses long-range technology that can detect a person’s movements more than a mile away in cities and three miles away in the countryside. Sadly, Jayasree passed away last year, but her death has only reinforced Hemesh’s determination to continue his mission of improving dementia care far and wide. Dhruv Saidava, Hemesh’s mentor, said, “I first met Hemesh in 2019 during Ideate for India... Hemesh stood out. What set him apart was his exceptional talent for thorough research and hands-on ability.” In future, he plans to do research at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi and improve the Alpha Monitor so that it’s ready for market. He has made it clear that he wants the device to be sold at an affordable price so that it’s accessible to people in less developed countries. 9．What inspired Hemesh’s invention? A．The concern about his grandma’s security. B．The enthusiasm for robotics development. C．The sympathy for people suffering from dementia.D．The desire to research into machine learning technology. 10．How is Alpha Monitor superior to other devices? A．It goes through a series of tests. B．It can detect abnormal activities. C．It is equipped with an alert system. D．It monitors a person’s farther distance. 11．What does the underlined word “reinforced” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Changed. B．Illustrated. C．Strengthened. D．Restored. 12．Which of the following can best describe Hemesh? A．Strong-willed and adventurous. B．Warm-hearted and creative. C．Responsible and sensitive. D．Stubborn and generous. 3.（2024·河北沧州·三模） It was a common schedule for Andrew Chi-Chih Yao. First he gave a lesson in the morning to the Pilot Computer Science class. With two foreign scholars, he conducted a seminar at 2:00 that afternoon for graduate students. Afterward, Professor Yao exchanged ideas with the visiting Minister of Education and the Minister of Technology, on the development of world-class disciplines in China’s universities. By late that afternoon, Professor Yao was ready to turn to his own research. It was just a very common day for Tsinghua University’s Professor Yao. Professor Yao, a world-renowned computer scientist, received the A．M. Turing Award in 2000 for his fundamental contributions to the theory of computation. He once worked at such universities as MIT, Stanford, UC Berkeley, and Princeton. He left Princeton in 2004 to become a Tsinghua University Professor of Computer Science. Professor Yao had a life changing experience when he met Chinese Computer Science scholars in 2002 at an academic meeting in Shanghai. Some Tsinghua graduate students happened to attend his lectures in Shanghai. The following year, Professor Yao accepted an invitation from Tsinghua University to help build the Chair Professor Group of the Department of Computer Science and Technology. In 2004, Yao formally joined Tsinghua University’s Center for Advanced Studies as Full Professor. Professor Yao’s appearance fills a major gap in theoretical computer science research in China. As a result of Professor Yao’s efforts to build a world class presence computer science, Tsinghua now is able to attract leading students, scholars, and conferences in core computer science specialties. Professor Yao has also made strategic steps to strengthen Tsinghua’s computer science and technology undergraduate education. Professor Yao’s theoretical courses help strengthen the students’ knowledge in computer theory. It is the first time for a Chinese university to offer such courses. Professor Yao is trying hard to move China’s efforts in computer science and technology toward world class standards. “If we follow the right path, Tsinghua’s efforts in computer science will lead to great scientific breakthroughs in the coming several years,” Professor Yao confidently concludes. 13．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To introduce the theme of the whole passage.B．To imply Professor Yao is devoted to work. C．To show extreme respect for Professor Yao. D．To tell readers more about Tsinghua University. 14．What happened before Professor Yao left Princeton? A．He served at three universities at the same time. B．He was interviewed by Tsinghua graduate students. C．He applied for a full time job to Tsinghua University. D．He got a very invitation from Tsinghua University. 15．What is the main contribution of Professor Yao? A．He has made great efforts to open computer science major. B．He has helped start theoretical computer science research. C．He has done research in core computer science specialties. D．He has attracted more leading students from the world. 16．What message does the author want to convey in the passage? A．Professor Yao is founder of computer science in China. B．Professor Yao helps develop China’s computer science. C．Professor Yao has contributed to the development of China. D．Professor Yao has made great breakthroughs in science. 4.（2024·河北衡水·三模） Living for 97 years is an impressive achievement in and of itself. Most people hitting this milestone are probably thankful for what health they have and the memories they’ve made. In the case of TV host and conservationist Sir David Attenborough, he can reflect on a life of activism in service for our planet. The British icon turned an impressive 97 on May 8, 2023. Born in 1926, Attenborough has spent most of his life on camera for the BBC covering animals and natural history. Today, despite his age, he is still an active campaigner for our planet. Attenborough, who received a degree in natural sciences from Cambridge University, joined the BBC full- time in 1952. He travelled around the world with his Zoo Quest programme, highlighting different creatures. Afterwards, he created his iconic series Life on Earth in 1979. Since then, he has created and starred in countless programmes which have brought nature closer to viewers around the world. His recent documentary with World Wildlife Fund, David Attenborough: A Life On Our Planet, often returns to a theme which has predominated in Attenborough’s later work. He reflects on just how much the environment has changed in his decades of observation and how swiftly time is running out before further serious damage can be prevented. This programme was widely streamed and considered a “wake up call” for the world. While Attenborough is far from the first or only voice to raise this call, his reach as a respected and powerful figure within the BBC provides a useful platform. Although he has received countless awards, Attenborough has used recent accolades (荣誉) as a chance to focus once more on the planet. Shortly after winning the Champions of the Earth Lifetime Achievement Award in2022, he sent an urgent message about the state of the planet to all viewers in Frozen Planet Ⅱ, Even after his 97th birthday, he continues to write and speak on preserving the UK and the world for future generations. 17．What is Sir David Attenborough known for? A．The possession of treasures. B．The memories about activities. C．The rewards as a British icon. D．The contribution to protecting the earth. 18．How did Sir David Attenborough try to get nature and his audience closer? A．By majoring in natural science in university, B．By travelling throughout the world while in BBC． C．By siting closer to viewers when hosting programmes. D．By staring and starring in many relevant programmes. 19．What can we know about A Life Om Our Planet? A．It features environment protection. B．It is about how swiftly time runs out of one’s life. C．It is received by few viewers and thought little of. D．It provides a powerful and useful platform for BBC． 20．Which words can best describe Sir David Attenborough? A．Dependent and curious. B．Devoted and responsible. C．Humorous and passionate. D．Ambitious and self-centred. 5.（2024·内蒙古·三模） From a fish and chip stall, Jenny has come to be the toast of London’s foodie scene. She has achieved a remarkable feat by becoming a famous chef, a distinction that has been a dream coming true for her. “It’s still sinking in,” she said, expressing her surprise at the overwhelming social media response to her accomplishment. Her restaurant is a unique space where modern West African cuisine takes center stage, highlighting the rich culinary (烹饪的) traditions of Nigeria’s Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo ethnic groups. “In my restaurant, I bring together these three culinary traditions, providing an exciting journey for diners,” Jenny described. Each dish tells a story, from a black sauce for fish, a postpartum (产后的) meal for new mothers, to a fermented tomato sauce. Jenny’s love for food began at a young age, but she was initially guided towards a more traditional career path. She studied biological sciences in university, where she also ran a fish and chip cart. Her move to the UK in 1999 marked the beginning of her journey towards culinary success. As for her, her restaurant is not only a restaurant but also Jenny’s way of honoring her heritage and the food her grandmother used to prepare. “The memory of my grandmother’s cooking inspires me every day,” she shared. Jenny’s cooking shows heartfelt respect for her roots, and her mission is to showcase the flavors of her culture. Jenny longs to be a role model for chefs from diverse backgrounds. She recognizes the value of representation and hopes her success can inspire other chefs in the UK. She notes that while the industry is slowly becoming more inclusive, it’s crucial for employers, landlords, critics, and investors to expand their perspectives to support a variety of cuisines.Her fame is a testament (证明) to her talent and dedication, but it’s the personal connection to her dishes and the memories of home-cooked meals that truly fuel her passion. Jenny’s story is a shining example of how one can achieve their dreams while staying true to their cultural identity. 21．What is the character of Jenny’s restaurant? A．It serves traditional British cuisine. B．It is famous for postpartum meals only. C．It is managed by a social media influencer. D．It features West African culinary traditions. 22．What was Jenny’s initial step to her career path? A．Being a biological sciences student. B．Being a social media influencer. C．Being a corporate executive. D．Being a professional chef. 23．What can we infer about Jenny? A．She prioritizes commercial success over culture. B．She aims to westernize traditional Nigerian cuisine. C．She uses her restaurant as a medium for scientific research. D．She integrates her personal history with her professional knowledge. 24．What does Jenny desire to contribute to the culinary world? A．Celebrity status. B．Culinary revolution. C．Diversity in cooking. D．Profits of her restaurant. 6. （23-24高三·河北衡水·期末） Growing up in suburbia, yard work was punishment. I’d take almost anything else. I didn’t like being outside, and I especially didn’t like bugs or dirt. When I left home at 17 with a backpack of belongings, I figured my gardening days were behind me. There were no yards to work in—only concrete! The concrete jungle that awaited me seemed like a welcome escape from the outdoor chores that had once felt like a sentence. It wasn’t until my mid-20s that I, thinking it was the adult thing to do, brought home a small daisy (雏菊) in a pot to put on my fire escape. Less than 24 hours later, a squirrel (松鼠) arrived and dragged it away, pot and all. That’s New York for you! I took it as a sign and didn’t try any more plants in that apartment. When I married, my wife and I bought a house in outer Brooklyn. There was enough room to have a garden if we wanted one. We decided to see if we could grow anything, mostly for the novelty factor. Much to my surprise, digging in the dirt felt like fun and totally not a chore! In the early mornings, I would bend down to inspect the soil waiting for the plants to appear. Watering at dusk, I whispered to the baby plants, expecting them to keep growing. The plants kept the neighborhood squirrels fed and provided a place for bumblebees to nap. I felt a rush of power and excitement.As the flowers and vegetables bloomed, I noticed something in me was growing as well. Since running away from home as a teenager, I’ve always done my best to build a shelter for myself wherever I was living. I hung pictures on the walls. I built new holiday traditions with friends. I painted the walls bright colors. But it always felt like maybe that deep connection to a particular space was missing. In gardening, I finally found this new layer of depth. I guess you could say I was putting down roots. There is an inspiring, self-care practice in the time and energy it takes to plant, water, and wait and wait to see if the magic happens. It’s the act of growing that I find the sweetest. What are you growing? 25．How does the author interpret his departure at 17? A．As a necessary step for growth. B．As a great relief. C．As an escape from social expectations. D．As a bittersweet transition. 26．What can we learn about the author at his mid-20s? A．There was a shift in his perspective. B．He regarded a squirrel as a bad sign. C．He began to miss the days before 17. D．A sense of responsibility grew in him. 27．What did the author harvest from gardening? A．A colorful life. B．Friends’ respect. C．Creative ideas. D．A sense of belonging. 28．The question at the end is intended to stimulate the readers to consider _______. A．their own sources of growth B．the importance of gardening C．the output of the growing plants D．their favorite flowers and vegetables 题型三 新闻报道的考查 1.（2024·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·模拟预测）Giant panda Fu Bao arrived at Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport in Sichuan province on Wednesday, returning from South Korea. Accompanied by veterinarians (兽医) and caregivers from the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda and Everland Park of South Korea, Fu Bao headed to the isolation and quarantine area. In preparation for Fu Bao’s return, the giant panda center has set up a quarantine facility at the Wolong Shenshuping Base. During the isolation and quarantine period (在隔离检疫期间), a team of experts will help it adapt to its new living environment. Thousands of panda lovers gathered at Everland, the country’s largest theme park in Yongin, about 40 km south of the capital Seoul, to say goodbye to the country’s top panda celebrity. According to the agreement on giant panda protection and research cooperation, overseas-born giant panda cubs are to return to China between the ages of 2 and 4. Fu Bao’s return was scheduled for this year. According to Everland Park, over 1,000 visitors came daily to bid farewell to her before the scheduled departure. 1．Where did giant panda Fu Bao return from? A．Japan B．South Korea C．Russia D．America 2．During the isolation and quarantine period, who will help Fu Bao adapt to its new living environment?A．A team of experts B．Veterinarians C．Panda lovers D．Visitors 3．According to the agreement on giant panda protection and research cooperation, at what age overseas-born giant panda cubs are to return to China? A．between 1-3 B．between 2-5 C．between 3-6 D．between 2-4 2.（2024·宁夏银川·一模）A bird thought to be extinct for about 140 years has been rediscovered in the forests of Papua New Guinea. The black-naped pheasant-pigeon was documented by scientists for the first and last time in 1882. Rediscovering the bird required an expedition team to spend a month on Fergusson, an island off eastern Papua New Guinea. The team consisted of local staff at the Papua New Guinea National Museum as well as international scientists. Fergusson Island is covered in mountainous terrain (地形) which makes the expedition especially challenging for the scientists. Just two days before the team was scheduled to leave the island, a camera trap captured footage of the rare bird. “After a month of searching, seeing those photos of the pheasant-pigeon felt like finding a unicorn (独角兽),” said John C． Mittermeier, co-leader of the expedition team. Insight from local residents was crucial for the scientists to track down the bird. “It wasn’t until we reached villages on the western slope of Mt. Kilkerran that we started meeting hunters who had seen and heard the pheasant-pigeon,” said Jason Gregg, another co-leader of the expedition team.” We became more confident about the local name of the bird, which is ‘Auwo’, and felt like we were getting closer to the core habitat of where the bird lives.” The scientists placed a total of 12 camera traps on the slopes of Mt. Kilkerran, which is Fergusson’s highest mountain. And they placed another 8 cameras in locations where local hunters reported seeing the bird in the past. A hunter named Augustin Gregory, based in the mountain village Duda Ununa, told the team that he had seen the bird in an area with “steep ridges and valleys”. So the team placed a camera on a 3,200-foothigh ridge near the Kwama River above Duda Ununa. Finally, it was this camera that captured footage of the bird walking on the forest floor. The rediscovery was a shock for the scientists and local residents. “They were very excited when they saw the survey results, because many of them hadn’t seen or heard of the bird until we began our project and got the camera trap photos. They are now looking forward to working with us to protect the bird,” said Jason Gregg. “But first we will work together to identify the population of the bird.” And the rediscovery might provide hope that other bird species thought to be extinct are still out there somewhere. 4．What can we infer about Fergusson from paragraph 2? A．It is known for its biological diversity. B．It is the largest island of Papua New Guinea. C．It is where the bird was originally documented. D．It is the site of the Papua New Guinea National Museum. 5．What did John C． Mittermeier show in his words in paragraph 3?A．His despair of rediscovering the bird. B．The unique value of studying the bird. C．The difficulty in photographing the bird. D．His excitement of rediscovering the bird. 6．Why is Augustin Gregory particularly mentioned in the text? A．He acted as the team’s tour guide. B．He was quite familiar with the bird. C．He provided the team with a key clue. D．He told the team the bird’s local name. 7．What may the team plan to do next? A．Look for other rare bird species. B．Figure out the number of the bird. C．Improve locals’ protection awareness. D．Work with local hunters to catch the bird. 3.（2024·河北·模拟预测）Standing on the South Pole at the start of the year with the wind blowing across the Antarctic, travel blogger Johnny Ward felt a wave of relief. Just a week before, in early January 2024, he’d struggled through snow and ice to climb to the top of the Vinson Massif, Antarctica’s highest peak. Years before, in 2017, he’d become the first Irish person to visit every country in the world. Now, after decades of traveling and mountaineering, Ward could claim another world first — the Ultimate Explorer’s Grand Slam (大满贯), which involves reaching the highest peak on every continent, and visiting both the North and South Poles in addition to visiting every country. “I feel relieved,” Ward recalled as he slowly made his way back to his home in Thailand after climbing to the top of the Vinson Massif and then setting foot on the South Pole. “But also I’m aware I’m a normal guy, not a world-class athlete, so I guess it was more about resilience and determination more than any ability. Although I met with lots of barriers, I overcame them one by one.” Ward had previously devoted a decade of his life, between 2007 and 2017, to visiting every country in the world. The incredible journey saw him hitchhike (搭便车) a ride on a container ship from Oman to Socotra in Yemen, travel overland from Cairo to Cape Town and travel from South Korea to Australia by bus and boat. “It had been a huge life goal, over a decade of my life, and then when I finished that I was aimless and had no idea what to do next,” he said. “I started eating badly, drinking too much, putting on weight and I ignored my business.” Ward decided that the best way to overcome this was to challenge himself again. He began running ultramarathons (超级马拉松) and climbing mountains, and soon found that with extreme purpose and direction, he was back to loving life again. So where will Ward go next? Space? The bottom of the Mariana Trench, the deepest point of the ocean? “Allgood things come after suffering, and I want to share that with people. So that’s the next plan,” he said. 8．What did Johnny Ward achieve in early January 2024? A．He climbed to the highest peak in Antarctica. B．He set a new record for traveling in Antarctica. C．He became the first person to visit the South Pole. D．He became the first Irish person to visit every country. 9．What does the underlined word “resilience” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．The ability to bounce back from difficulties. B．The quality of being strong and honest. C．The skill of achieving goals quickly. D．The power to control one’ s emotions. 10．How did Johnny Ward feel after achieving his life goal in 2017? A．Relaxed. B．Satisfied. C．Lost. D．Excited. 11．Which of the following can best describe Johnny Ward? A．Helpful and motivated. B．Athletic and generous. C．Proud and self-centered. D．Determined and strong-willed. 4.（2024·安徽合肥·三模）As young children went back to school across Sweden last month, many of their teachers were putting a new emphasis on printed books, quiet reading time and handwriting practice and devoting less time to tablets, independent online research and keyboarding skills. The return to more traditional ways of learning is a response to experts’ doubt on the country’s over- digitalized approach to education, which has even introduced tablets into kindergartens. They are worried that it has already led to a decline in basic skills. The rapid adoption of digital learning tools has also drawn concern from a United Nations’ education agency. In a report published last month, the agency issued an urgent call for appropriate use of technology in education. The report urges countries to speed up Internet connections at schools, but at the same time warns that technology in education should be used in a way so that it never replaces in-person, teacher-led instruction and supports the shared objective of quality education for all. However, online instruction is a hotly debated subject across Europe and other parts of the West. Germany has been famously slow in moving information of all kinds online, including education. Many students can complete their schooling without any kind of required digital instruction, such as coding. Most parents worry their children may not be able to compete in the job market with technologically better-trained young people from other countries. “If we don’t manage to make education digital, then we will no longer be a competitive country in 20 years,” said Sascha Lobo, one of the parents interviewed last year. However, not all teachers are convinced that Sweden’s back-to-basics push is in the best interest for students. “Technology is just one part of a really complex network of factors in education,” said Catarina Branelius, a third grade teacher in the Swedish capital, Stockholm. “I use tablets in math, but I don’t use tablets for writing text. Students under age 10 need time and practice and exercise in handwriting… before you introduce them to write on a tablet.” 12．What did Sweden stress before this new school year?A．Printed books. B．Handwriting practice. C．Quiet reading time. D．Independent online research. 13．Which can best describe the approach suggested by the United Nations’ agency? A．Textbook-centered. B．Balanced. C．Over-digitalized. D．Traditional. 14．What can be known from paragraph 4? A．Students in Germany do not heavily rely on computers. B．The German government is pushing for online instruction. C．German parents are happy with their children’s education. D．Teachers in Germany are ready to make education digital. 15．What is Catarina Branelius’s attitude to the new policy? A．Favorable. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Unconcerned. 5.（2024·河北保定·二模）Since the African Union first launched Great Green Wall in 2007, the initiative has struggled to make headway. Made up of local efforts across 11 countries, it has reached just 16% of its overall goal. But last month, the project, which analysts estimate will cost at least $30 billion, got a major boost: a total of $14 billion in funding over the next 5 years from a union of international development banks and governments. Environmental restoration and community development specialists welcomed the news. But many are also apprehensive. In recent years, research by ecologists and social scientists has shown that many forestry projects in Africa have failed because they didn’t adequately address fundamental social and ecological issues. The project leaders often planted species in places where they didn’t belong, and did little to help the young trees survive. “Tree planting is often viewed as the simple act of digging a hole,” forest scientist Karen Holl said. “But this short-term view has resulted in large quantities of money being spent on efforts that have failed almost entirely.” In Africa, the adoption of one approach called Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR), is credited with regreening a notable portion of the Sahel. The low-cost restoration technique took off in Niger in the 1980s and has since spread to other nations. It relies on farmers to protect and nurture trees that grow from existing root systems and seeds in the soil. Over decades, FMNR has led to greater tree cover and other ecological benefits, such as higher soil carbon content, researchers have found. But many efforts, particularly those not led by local communities, stumble (蹒跚而行). Newly planted trees can die of neglect when planners don’t engage communities from the start in discussions about which species to plant, as well as whether residents are willing and able to provide the water, fertilizer, and protection from grazing animals that trees need. “The farmers are often busy and have their own priorities; they will not manage trees that they do not value,” forest specialist Abayneh Derero wrote in a study. 16．What is the good news for Great Green Wall? A．It will get more funds. B．It will be completed soon. C．More countries will build it. D．More scientists will study it. 17．What should the forestry project leaders do to get success?A．Address their own issues properly. B．Help young African people survive. C．Act according to the local conditions. D．Learn how to dig holes and plant trees. 18．Why is FMNR mentioned in the text? A．To analyse a different reason B．To offer a practicable solution. C．To present a social background. D．To explain a similar phenomenon. 19．What does the last paragraph stress about the forestry project? A．It’s vital to protect trees from animals. B．The farmers have their own priorities. C．The residents’ abilities need developing. D．Local people’s involvement is important. 题型 阅读理解 A （2024·上海杨浦·二模）A forest in Staffordshire (in the UK) transformed into a hi-tech laboratory. Researchers here are investigating how the trees use carbon, and it’s difficult to find out. In an unusual experiment, extra carbon dioxide is piped to the trees, to create the kind of atmospheric conditions expected in the middle of the century. And instruments measure how the forest reacts. The scientist in charge says there’s still a lot to learn. And he worries that governments and companies are rushing to plant trees as an easy answer to climate change. “If you try and use trees to tidy up the mess that we’re making through emissions, you are putting those trees into a very rapidly changing climate and they will struggle to adapt,” said Professor Rob MacKenzie, University of Birmingham. This device tracks the movement of carbon dioxide. In a healthy forest, the gas is not only absorbed by the trees but some is released as well. What scientists here are finding out is the way carbon flows into a forest and out of it is a lot more complicated than you might think. So, if mass tree planting is meant to be a solution to tackling climate change, the trees are going to have to be monitored and cared for, over not just decades, but may be centuries as well. Of all the challenges, the task of planting is the simplest. Shelby Barber from Canada can do an amazing 4,000 trees in a day. “People talking about planting millions billions of trees around the world. Is it possible do you think, physically?” asked BBC． “It’s definitely possible with the right amount of people, the right group of people. I’ve personally, in threeyears, planted just over half a million trees.” said Professor Rob MacKenzie. Once planted, the trees need to survive, and experts are mixing different types to minimize the risk of disease. “It’s a bit like making sure you don’t put all your eggs in one basket, you’re spreading out your risk. And then if one part of that woodland fails, for whatever reason, it gets a disease or it can’t tolerate future climatic conditions, there are other parts of the forest that are healthy and able to fill in those gaps.” said Eleanor Tew of Forestry England. Suddenly there’s momentum to plant trees on a scale never seen before. So what matters is doing it in a way that ensures the forests thrive — so they really do help with climate change. 20．Why is extra carbon dioxide piped to the trees in the experiment? A．To predict the future atmospheric conditions. B．To imitate the possible air condition in the future. C．To create an instrument to measure atmospheric conditions. D．To investigate the quality of air condition in the future. 21．The underlined word “some” in the second paragraph refers to __________. A．oxygen B．carbon dioxide C．mess D．purified gas 22．What will Eleanor Tew suggest concerning the survival of the forest? A．Minimizing the area of the woodland. B．Studying future climatic conditions. C．Planting different types of trees. D．Avoiding mixing different species. 23．Which statement concerning mass tree planting will Professor Rob Mackenzie mostly likely agree with? A．It should be advocated in terms of efficiency and convenience. B．It is the most effective solution to fighting climate changes. C．It will do more harm than good to the health of the environment. D．It needs to be studied further as a measure against climate change. B （2024·上海浦东新·三模）My husband and I live near San Luis Obispo, California, close to the beach. In November 2023, during the humpback whale migration, we kayaked (划皮划艇) out to watch the wildlife. We were in awe watching these graceful whales breach and spray through their blowholes. At the time, my friend Liz was staying with us. Initially, she refused to join us on the water, fearing the kayak would overturn among the whales. After some cajoling (劝说) she finally agreed to join me. The following morning, we set out early and had our first whale sighting just past the pier: two humpbacks swimming toward us. How amazing to be that close to a creature that size, I thought as the whales dipped under the waterline. When whales go down after breaching, they leave what looks like an oil slick on the water. I figured if we paddled toward that spot, we’d be safe from the whales, since they’d just left. We followed them at a distance — or what I thought was a distance. I later found out that it’s recommended to keep 300 feet away. We were more like 60 feet away.Suddenly, we were surrounded by jumping silverfish fleeing from the whales. Before we could react, our kayak was lifted out of the water about six feet, bracketed by massive jaws. Liz and I slipped out of the kayak into the whale’s mouth. As the whale’s mouth closed, I felt the creature begin to dive and had no idea how deep we’d be dragged. Still, I didn’t panic. I just kept thinking. I’ve got to fight this. I’ve got to breathe. Whales have enormous mouths but tiny throats. Anything they can’t swallow they spit right out. That included us. As soon as the whale dipped underwater, it ejected us, and we popped back up onto the surface about a foot apart. The entire ordeal lasted only about 10 seconds. Other kayakers rushed to our aid, shocked to see us alive. But I am much more aware of the power of nature and the ocean than I was before. Liz was shaken up, comparing the ordeal to a near-death experience, and she says her whale-watching days are over. But even she had to laugh when she got home that afternoon and realized she’d brought back a souvenir. When she pulled off her shirt, six silverfish flopped out. 24．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．At first, Liz was hesitant to go on the kayaking trip because she was not interested in whale watching. B．If Liz and I had maintained a distance of 300 feet from the whales, we might have avoided the subsequent danger. C．Liz and I slipped into the whale’s mouth because jumping silverfish overturned our kayak. D．Liz is likely to go on another whale-watching trip someday because she found a precious souvenir from this kayaking. 25．How did the narrator feel during the whale encounter? A．Terrified and panicked. B．Disoriented underwater C．Calm and focused. D．Regretful about going kayaking. 26．The underlined word “ordeal” in Paragraph 5 probably means____. A．a challenging or difficult experience B．a thrilling experience C．a surprising encounter D．a joyful adventure 27．What would be the best title of this passage? A．How to Survive a Whale Attack B．Respecting the Power of Nature C．A Day at San Luis Obispo Beach D．I Survived Being Swallowed By a Whale 1.（2024新课标II卷） Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed. Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least. “You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, athree-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.” It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works. Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.” Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit? Trost thinks so. “At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says. And you’ll never be without something to read. 24. Why did BART start the kiosk program? A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use. C. To meet passengers’ needs. D. To reduce its running costs. 25. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk? A. By popularity. B. By length. C. By theme. D. By language. 26. What has Trost been doing recently? A. Organizing a story contest.B. Doing a survey of customers. C. Choosing a print publisher. D. Conducting interviews with artists. 27. What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future? A. It will close down. B. Its profits will decline. C. It will expand nationwide. D. Its ridership will increase. 2.（2023浙江1月卷） A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion. Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean. Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence. 28. Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph? A. To explain the use of a software program. B. To show the cleverness of Project Debater. C. To introduce the designer of Project Debater. D. To emphasize the fairness of the competition. 29. What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Arguments. B. Doubts. C. Errors. D. Differences. 30. What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond? A. Create rules. B. Comprehend meaning. C. Talk fluently. D. Identify difficult words. 31. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Social interaction is key to understanding symbols. B. The human brain has potential yet to be developed. C. Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters. D. Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future. 3.（2023新课标II卷） Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year,students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 4. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 5. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program? A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes. C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens. 6. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable. 7. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape 4.（2023浙江1月卷） Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon. I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household. Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging. Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire. As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.So here is my advice: Lead by action. 24. What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph? A. Share an apartment with you. B. Join you in what you’re doing. C. Transform your way of living. D. Help you to make the decision. 25. What was the attitude of the author’s father toward buying groceries with jars? A. He disapproved of it. B. He was favorable to it. C. He was tolerant of it. D. He didn’t care about it. 26. What can we infer about the author? A. She is quite good at cooking. B. She respects others’ privacy. C. She enjoys being a housewife. D. She is a determined person. 27. What is the text mainly about? A. How to get on well with other family members. B. How to have one’s own personal space at home. C. How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household. D. How to control the budget when buying groceries. 5.（2022浙江6月卷） Pasta and pizza were on everyone’s lunch menu in my native land of Italy. Everyone who had such a lunch was fair-skinned and spoke Italian. A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. My classmates ranged from those kids with pale skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair. The food choices were almost as diverse as the students. In front of me was an array of foods I couldn’t even name in my native language. Fearing that I would pick out something awful, I desperately tried to ask the boy ahead of me for a recommendation. Unfortunately, between us stood the barrier of language. Although my kindergarten experience feels like a century ago, the lessons I learned will stick in my mind forever. For the past three summers, I have worked in a government agency in New York. New immigrants much like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office seeking help. I often had to be an interpreter for the Italian- speaking ones. As I served the role of vital communication link, I was reminded of my desperate struggle to converse before I learned English. I watched with great sympathy as elderly Italians tried to hold a conversation in Italian with people who did not speak the language. It suddenly became very clear to me how lucky I was to be fluent in two languages. In New York, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a diverse population. In my English to Italian translations, I’ve learned about social programs that I didn’t know existed. This work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. Walking through the streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer confused by this city’s sounds and smells. Instead, enjoy its diversity. 21. What did the author realize after entering school in Brooklyn? A. Time passed quickly. B. English was hard to learn. C. The food was terrible. D. People were very different. 22. Who does “the little girl” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. An Italian teacher. B. A government official. C. The author herself. D. The author’s classmate. 23. How did the summer job benefit the author? A. It strengthened her love for school. B. It helped sharpen her sense of direction. C. It opened her eyes to the real world. D. It made her childhood dream come true. 6.（2021浙江6月卷） Leslie Nielsen’s childhood was a difficult one, but he had one particular shining star in his life — his uncle, who was a well-known actor. The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career（职 业）in acting. Even though he often felt he would be discovered to be a no-talent, he moved forward, gaining a scholarship to the Neighborhood Playhouse and making his first television appearance a few years later in 1948. However, becoming a full-time, successful actor would still be an uphill battle for another eight years until he landed a number of film roles that finally got him noticed. But even then, what he had wasn’t quite what he wanted. Nielsen always felt he should be doing comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic roles. It wasn’t until1980 - 32 years into his career — that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane! That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly. Did Nielsen then feel content in his career? Yes and no. He was thrilled to be doing the comedy that he always felt he should do, but even during his last few years, he always had a sense of curiosity, wondering what new role or challenge might be just around the corner. He never stopped working, never retired. Leslie Nielsen’s devotion to acting is wonderfully inspiring. He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life. 21. Why did Nielsen want to be an actor? A. He enjoyed watching movies. B. He was eager to earn money. C. He wanted to be like his uncle. D. He felt he was good at acting. 22. What do we know about Nielsen in the second half of his career? A. He directed some high quality movies. B. He avoided taking on new challenges. C. He focused on playing dramatic roles. D. He became a successful comedy actor. 23. What does Nielsen’s career story tell us? A. Art is long, life is short. B. He who laughs last laughs longest. C. It’s never too late to learn. D. Where there’s a will there’s a way. 7.（2020新课标卷） Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree. Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college,working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling. Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times. Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲)to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. ''Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,'' she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that's pretty powerful. 24. What did Jennifer do after high school? A. She helped her dad with his work. B. She ran the family farm on her own. C. She supported herself through college. D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home. 25. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield? A. To take care of her kids easily. B. To learn from the best nurses. C. To save money for her parents. D. To find a well-paid job there. 26. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal? A. Her health. B. Her time with family. C. Her reputation. D. Her chance of promotion. 27. What can we learn from Jenifer's story? A. Time is money. B. Love breaks down barriers. C. Hard work pays off. D. Education is the key to success. 8.（2022全国甲卷） Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city. “I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted. “How do you mean?” I asked. “Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.” Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).” On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.” He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries. 32. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. Sydney’s striking architecture. B. The cultural diversity of Sydney. C. The key to Sydney’s development. D. Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s. 33. What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds? A. He goes to work by boat. B. He looks forward to a new life. C. He pilots catamarans well. D. He is attached to the old ferries. 34. What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney? A. It is losing its traditions. B. It should speed up its progress. C. It should expand its population. D. It is becoming more international. 35. Which statement will the author probably agree with? A. A city can be young and old at the same time. B. A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic. C. modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance. 9.（2020北京卷） For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating long-forgotten techniques. While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript (手稿) consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand. The author's intention remains as mysterious (神秘) as his name; he may have been simply taking notes for his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills the authordescribed. "You simply can't get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it," she says. Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old-fashioned way isn't just about playing around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen(工匠) who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced them. It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eve problems could kill a drug- resistant virus. The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how on object was made in order to preserve it. What's more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can't appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared-something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map. Smith has put the manuscript's ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together: She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights experimentation, teamwork, and problem solving. Back when science--then called “the new philosophy” --took shape, academics looked to craftsmen for help in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering(修补), as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light. If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors. 38. How did Smith, feel after reading the French manuscript? A. Confused about the technical terms. B. Impressed with its detailed instructions. C. Discouraged by its complex structure. D. Shocked for her own lack of hand skills. 39. According to Smith, the reconstruction work is done mainly to ___________ . A. restore old workshops B. understand the craftsmen C. improve visual effects D. inspire the philosophers 40. Why does the author mention museums? A. To reveal the beauty of ancient objects. B. To present the findings of old science. C. To highlight the importance of antiques. D. To emphasise the values of hand skills. 41. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Craftsmen Set the Trends for Artists B. Craftsmanship Leads to New Theories C. Craftsmanship Makes Better ScientistsD. Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science 10.（2021浙江6月卷） We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parks less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where neighbourhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today’s children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet. In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say "chocolate" into his three-year-old son’s ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself "marketing director for Nature". He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature. "Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference," David Bond says. "There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be a habit for life." His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: "We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while." Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play. 24. What is the problem with the author’s children? A. They often annoy the neighbours. B. They are tired of doing their homework. C. They have no friends to play with. D. They stay in front of screens for too long. 25. How did David Bond advocate his idea? A. By making a documentary film. B. By organizing outdoor activities. C. By advertising in London media. D. By creating a network of friends. 26. Which of the following can replace the underlined word "charts" in paragraph 2 A. records B. predicts C. delays D. confirms 27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Let Children Have Fun B. Young Children Need More Free Time C. Market Nature to Children D. David Bond: A Role Model for Children