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强化练(二) 细节理解题(2) (限时：25 分钟)
A
(2022·福建师大附中质检)
Drive Thru History® Adventures
Drive Thru History，whether as a course，guide，or episodic lesson，tries to make
historical information fun.Dave Stotts goes the extra literal mile to bring history to viewers in
context by traveling to the locations he’s discussing.This is where the “adventure” subtitle
comes from.The courses have snowballed in popularity due to the quality of the material as well as
the humor and inventiveness of the host.
Features of the Drive Thru History Courses
Each course comes with many ways to view，absorb，and test your knowledge of its
topics.The main purchase is On Demand，HD streaming of your favorite Drive Thru History®
episodes.You also get print Course guides that come with worksheets，answer guides，and articles
written by industry experts on topics covered in the courses.
With your purchase ， you can also have access to a community of other Drive Thru
History®fans，with exclusive content updates!
Ways to join the Adventure
·Buy a single Drive Thru History® Course
Our online courses include lifetime on-demand video streaming ，a course guide，and
additional resources to help you learn as much from one series as possible.
·Join our All-Access membership
If you like what you bought，you can buy the All-Access pass.This pass gives you the ability
to view all the released courses by paying an annual fee.All-Access comes in at $119.95.Once
you’re subscribed，your subscription will automatically renew to keep you up-to-date on the
latest Drive Thru History® content!
Whether you buy a single course or the All-Access pass ， you get the same basic
features.These bonuses will help you make your history lessons come alive.
1．How does Dave Stotts make the courses fun?
A．By sharing history on location.
B．By revising historical materials.
C．By presenting hi-tech inventions.
D．By organizing adventure activities.
2．What will you get after you buy the courses?
A．Tour guides.B．Video streaming.
C．Articles from students.
D．Interaction with the host.
3．What does an All-Access membership offer?
A．A discounted annual fee.
B．Additional history lessons.
C．Updates on the latest content.
D．Limited access to some courses.
B
(2022·河北邢台一模联考)
There are few places on Earth that humans haven’t messed up.Now even Antarctica，the
only continent with no permanent human inhabitants，is being altered by us.A study found that the
increasing human presence in Antarctica is causing more snowmelt—bad news for a frozen world
already battling the effects of human-caused global warming.
Black carbon，the dark dusty pollution that comes from burning fossil fuels has settled in
locations where tourists and researchers spend a lot of time，scientists found.Even the smallest
amount of the dark pollutant can have a significant impact on melting because of its very low
reflectiveness：things that are light in color，like snow，reflect the sun’s energy and stay cool；
things that are dark，like black carbon，absorb the sun’s energy and warm up.
“The snow albedo(反射率) effect is one of the largest uncertainties in regional and global
climate modeling right now，”Alia Khan，a snow and ice scientist at Western Washington
University，told CNN.“That’s one of the motivations for the study，to quantify the impact of
black carbon on regional snowmelt，which is important for quantifying the role of black carbon in
the global loss of snow and ice.”
“Antarctica is sitting there pretty much silently all year.But，if it weren’t there，in the
state that it is meant to be，the balance that we have in the climate system will no longer
be，”Marilyn Raphael，a geography professor said.“Antarctica’s sea ice is also important to
maintain a balance in atmospheric circulation，”he added.As waters get warmer，some Antarctic
creatures are finding their homes more and more unlivable.
“Everything we do has consequences，”Raphael said.“We need to educate ourselves
about those consequences，especially in systems that we know relatively little about.We have to be
careful that we don’t upset the climate balance.”
4．Why can the smallest amount of black carbon have a huge impact on melting?
A．It is highly reflective.
B．Its dark colour absorbs heat.
C．It produces vast energy.
D．It causes much pollution.5．According to Alia，which of the following is one reason for conducting the study?
A．To measure the impact of black carbon on melting.
B．To quantify the cost of battling against climate change.
C．To remove the uncertainties of global warming effects.
D．To urge people to pay more attention to melting problem.
6．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?
A．The change caused by Antarctic ice melting.
B．The methods to stop Antarctic ice melting.
C．The significance of Antarctic being in its state.
D．The sufferings Antarctic creatures are experiencing.
7．What does Raphael advise people to do?
A．Reduce tourist numbers.
B．Face the consequences.
C．Acquire professional education.
D．Stop disturbing the climate.
C
(2022·湖南雅礼十六校联考)
Ever wondered if dogs can learn new words？Yes，say researchers as they have found that
talented dogs may have the ability to grasp new words after hearing them only four times.
While previous evidence seems to show that most dogs do not learn words，unless eventually
very well trained，a few individuals have shown some extraordinary abilities，according to a
study published in the journal Scientific Reports.
“We wanted to know under which conditions the gifted dogs may learn novel words，”
said researcher Claudia Fugazza from the Eötvös Lornd University in Hungary.For the study，the
team involved two gifted dogs，Whisky and Vicky Nina.The team exposed the dogs to the new
words in two different conditions.
In the exclusion-based task，presented with seven known toys and one new toy，the dogs
were able to select the new toy when presented with a new name.Researchers say this proves that
dogs can choose by exclusion when faced with a new word，they selected the only toy which did
not have a known name.
However，this was not the way they would learn the name of the toy.In fact，when they were
presented with one more equally new name to test their ability to recognize the toy by its name，
the dogs got totally confused and failed.
The other condition ， the social one ， where the dogs played with their owners who
pronounced the name of the toy while playing with the dog，proved to be the successful way to
learn the name of the toy，even after hearing it only 4 times.“The rapid learning that we observed
seems to equal children’s ability to learn many new words at a fast rate around the age of 18months，”Fugazza says.“But we do not know whether the learning mechanisms(机制) behind
this learning are the same for humans and dogs.”
To test whether most dogs would learn words this way,20 other dogs were tested in the same
condition，but none of them showed any evidence of learning the toy names，confirming that the
ability to learn words rapidly in the absence of formal training is very rare and is only present in a
few gifted dogs.
8．What was the purpose of the study published in Scientific Reports?
A．To better train dogs’ ability to learn new words.
B．To further confirm previous evidence about dogs.
C．To prove extraordinary memory abilities of gifted dogs.
D．To explore favorable conditions for gifted dogs’ new-word learning.
9．How did the dogs react when exposed to two new names in the first condition?
A．Slow to understand.
B．Quick to learn.
C．At a loss.
D．In a panic.
10．What was found about dogs’ new-word learning in the social condition?
A．Learning through playing applied to most dogs.
B．The social condition helped dogs learn new words.
C．Dogs’ new-word learning turned out to be less effective.
D．Dogs shared similar learning mechanisms with children.
11．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Gifted Dogs Can Learn New Words Rapidly
B．Dogs Identify Newly-named Toys by Exclusion
C．Dogs Can Acquire Vocabulary through Tons of Training
D．Gifted Dogs Have Similar Learning Abilities to Humans
