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专题04动词的时态和语态 第4讲—被动语态
时间 ：50分钟 满分：50分
姓名________________ 得数___________________
I.语法填空（15分）
（2021·江苏淮安市·高三模拟）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或者括号内单词的正确形式。
Waste Management Booming
Several sculptures made from cans, tires and plastic bottles 1 ． (display) around a recyclable transfer center in
Shanghai last year. The idea of making sculptures with trash is to make people aware that trash can be useful
when 2 ． (sort) properly.
It was in 2018, 3 ． President Xi Jinping emphasized the importance of trash classification, that the initiative
(倡议) started to get on the fast track. The question “What kind of trash are you (carrying)?” became a popular joke
when Shanghai enforced a law that household waste is required to be sorted 4 ． four categories: recyclables,
kitchen, hazardous (危险的) and residual waste. 5 ． many people doubted it initially, the trash sorting program has
achieved great success. Moreover, in the 6 ． (propose) for the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025), the Central
Committee said the country should accelerate the building of waste recycling systems.
Besides the efforts made by the government, many companies are entering the trash separation and recycling
market. Huazhan Environment, 7 ． high-tech company in Jiangsu province, launched a new brand, Mr. Cat in
English, selling intelligent trash stations and bins to communities. 8 ． (equip) with cameras, sensors and screens,
the smart trash stations are 9 ． (interact) and help people 10 ． (reasonable) deal with different kinds of trash. They
can also alert waste transportation companies when bins are full.
【答案】1．were displayed2．sorted3．when4．into5．Though/Although6．proposal7．a8．Equipped9．
interactive
10．reasonably
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章以上海的垃圾分类为例，介绍了废物处理的蓬勃发展。
1.考查时态。句意：去年，在上海的一个回收中心周围展出了几件由易拉罐、轮胎和塑料瓶制成的雕塑。
分析可知，设空处在句中为谓语，根据句中last year可知需要用一般过去时。句子主语several sculptures和
动词display为动宾关系，所以用被动语态。故填were displayed。
2.考查状语从句的省略。句意：用垃圾做雕塑的想法是让人们意识到垃圾在正确分类的情况下是有用的。
在时间状语从句中，当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语为it，且从句用到be动词时，从句可
以省略主语和be动词。本句中， when (sort) properly为省略的状语从句，主语为trash，trash和sort为动宾关系，其完整句式为： when trash is sorted properly，此处省略了trash和is，故填sorted。
3.考查定语从句。句意：2018年，习近平主席强调了垃圾分类的重要性，垃圾分类工作开始走上快车道。
分析可知， President Xi Jinping emphasized the importance of trash classification为非限制性定语
从句，先行词为in 2018，在从句中充当时间状语，所以填关系副词when。故填when。
4.考查介词。句意：当上海实施了一项法律，规定家庭垃圾必须分为四类：可回收垃圾、厨房垃圾、有害
垃圾和残留垃圾时“你（拿的）是什么垃圾? ”这个问题成了一个流行的笑话。sort into“把……分成……”，
为固定短语。故填into。
5.考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管许多人最初对此表示怀疑，但垃圾分类计划取得了巨大的成功。分析句
中many people doubted it initially, the trash sorting program has achieved great success可知，逗号后与前文的
意义表示转折，所以此处为让步状语从句，故填Though/Although。
6.考查名词。句意：此外，在第 14个五年计划（2021-2025）的倡议书中，中央委员会表示，国家应该加
快垃圾回收系统的建设。根据设空前的定冠词the，可知此处要用名词。动词propose，意为“建议”，其
名词形式为proposal，此处特指第14个五年计划的倡议书，用单数名词。故填proposal。
7.考查冠词。句意：华展环境，一家江苏省的高科技公司，推出了一个新品牌，英文版的猫先生，向社区
出售智能垃圾站和垃圾箱。company为可数名词，此处指一家高科技公司，表示泛指，且high-tech的发音
是辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意：智能垃圾站配有摄像头、传感器和屏幕，可以互动，帮助人们合理地处理各种
各样的垃圾。分析可知， (equip) with cameras在句中为状语，equip和逻辑主语为the smart trash
stations为动宾关系，所以此处要用过去分词。故填Equipped。
9.考查形容词。句意同上。根据设空前的系动词are可知，此处要用形容词。动词interact，意为“交往，
互动”，其形容词形式为interactive，故填interactive。
10.考查副词。句意同上。根据设空后的动词短语deal with，可知此处要用副词来修饰动词，故填
reasonably。
II.应用文写作（10分）
（2021·山东淄博市·高三三模）假如你是李华，你的外教 Linda 对中国书法(calligraphy)很感兴趣。2021年
5月30日，城市文化中心将举行一个书法文化交流活动，请给她写一封邀请信，内容包括：
1. 时间、地点；
2. 活动的内容：看展览、听讲座等；
3. 活动的意义。注意：
1. 写作词数应为 80 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dear Linda,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Linda,
Knowing that you have a preference for Chinese calligraphy, I am writing to invite you to the calligraphy
cultural exchange activity scheduled on May 30th in the City Culture Center.
All the people present will have chances to enjoy an exhibition of Chinese traditional calligraphy and
experience writing in the flesh. Besides, there will be a lecture addressed by a famous calligrapher, which will help
you have a deep insight into Chinese classical culture.
Your presence is highly expected.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给Linda写一封邀请信，邀请她参加2021年5月30日于城市文化中心
将举行的一个书法文化交流活动。
1.词汇积累
机会：chances→ opportunities
欣赏：enjoy→admire
著名的：famous→well-known
深刻的：deep →profound
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：All the people present will have chances to enjoy an exhibition of Chinese traditional calligraphy and
experience writing in the flesh.
同义句：All the people who are present will have opportunities to enjoy an exhibition of Chinese traditional
calligraphy and experience writing in person.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing that you have a preference for Chinese calligraphy, I am writing to invite you to the
calligraphy cultural exchange activity scheduled on May 30th in the City Culture Center. (运用了现在分词作状语
和that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Besides, there will be a lecture addressed by a famous calligrapher, which will help you have a deep
insight into Chinese classical culture. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
III．读后续写 （25分）
（2021·广东实验中学高三月考）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完
整的短文。
Father’s Day Chess
It was Dale's third Sunday volunteering at the retirement home. He had thought it would be a good way to
give back. But today he just felt tired. While on a short break, Dale took a walk through the garden. There were
people sitting on benches, chatting together. A woman sat knitting, looking very pleased with herself. The strands
of brightly-colored yarn disappeared quickly through her hands.
Across the courtyard, there was a man sitting alone at a table with a chessboard in front of him. Dale watched
with curiosity as the man would stare at the pieces, then move them, and then would do the same from the other
side of the board. On his way home after the day had ended, Dale found himself thinking about the man. How he
was hunched over in deep thought, playing a game against himself. How odd, he thought.
Each Sunday, Dale would see the man doing the same thing. While everyone else talked with one another or
happily carried on, the man would sit, slightly bent over and scratching his chin. His eyes rarely came off of the
chessboard. One Sunday, Dale went to the garden on his break expecting to see the man at his normal spot. But he
wasn't there. It was Father's Day and there were many visitors at the home. Dale shrugged and thought the man
must be busy with his family.
That afternoon, Dale was mopping the hallways when he happened to pass by the man's room. The door was
slightly open and he could see the man sitting in a chair next to the window, peering out at the courtyard. Dale
knocked lightly and asked to come in.
The man nodded. Dale saw a collection of framed photographs on the bedside table. “Are those your
children?” he asked.
“Yes, they’re all grown and live far away. They have their own kids now,” he replied. Dale, not wanting theman to be alone on Father's Day, had an idea.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Para. 1:
He went outside and got the chessboard from the table.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Para. 2:
Dale was glad that he volunteered.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Para. 1:
He went outside and got the chessboard from the table. “Shall we play chess together?" The man hesitated.
He stared at the chessboard sinking into his thoughts. It took a while before the old man finally shared his thoughts
with Dale. In the past, he often played chess with his children, which were some of his fondest memories. However,
they all died because of a car accident and the old man has been alone ever since. "Sorry, I lied to you," the man
choked, eyes brimming with tears. “Thank you for your kind help.”
Para. 2:
Dale was glad that he volunteered. Deeply touched, he now understood why the man preferred to play chess
alone, and why he sat silently in his room on Father's Day. He carefully placed all the pieces on the chessboard and
said, "Sir, I'm sorry for your loss. But as you may notice, I come here every Sunday. If you wish, you can play
chess with me, as you did with your children. A flicker of a smile crossed the man’s face. Taking a deep breath, he
settled himself opposite to Dale and moved a piece.
【解析】
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Dale在养老院做志愿者时注意到了一个孤独的父亲，每天都在下棋，他还
发现这个人一个人过父亲节。于是这天Dale主动提出和老人下棋，老人告诉了Dale自己的孩子因为车祸
去世的事情，最后Dale提出每周都可以和他下棋。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“他走到外面，从桌上拿起棋盘。”可知，第一段可描写老人告诉Dale自己孩子去世
的遭遇。②由第二段首句内容“Dale很高兴他做了志愿者。”可知，第二段可描写Dale得知真相后的心理活动以及
Dale提出每周都可以和老人下棋。
2.续写线索：Dale拿起棋盘——老人告知自己经历——Dale高兴自己当了志愿者——Dale提出陪老人下棋
3.词汇激活
行为类
陷入沉思：sinking into his thoughts / be lost in thought
去世：die/ pass away
坐下：settled himself opposite to / sit down
情绪类
高兴：glad / happy
最爱的：fondest / favorite
【点睛】
[高分句型1] In the past, he often played chess with his children, which were some of his fondest memories. (运用
了which引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Deeply touched, he now understood why the man preferred to play chess alone, and why he sat
silently in his room on Father's Day. (运用了why引导宾语从句)
