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2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）
第14讲—名词
【复习概览】
在语境中理
核心素养 解和运用新
名词 语法知识 语言能力 的语法知识
1.单句填空
2.语篇填空
3.单句翻译
4.书面表达
生活实践和
高考评价 学习探索情
必 备 知 识 关键能力 境
（）
【命题分析】
一、命题要求
名词考点，是英语高考必考点之一。在高考中主要考查点有：名词词形转换、名词作定语、名词所有
格、名词的单复数等。
二、命题形式
本考点在高考中的命题形式主要有：1.语法填空；2.完形填空3.书面表达。名词在语法填空中是必考点。
2022年名词还有必考，让学生掌握这个考点是必要的。
【基础巩固】
知识点：名词
重难点知识：
考点1名词单复数
【典例】
1. 【2021·英语全国甲卷】Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and
______________________ (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily
routines.
2. 【2021·全国新高考I卷】The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny
we _________________ (human) are.
3. 【2021·全国高考乙卷】Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism
because of its unique biodiversity.__________________(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远
足)and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
4. 【2021·浙江1月高考】our classes are worthy of being attended, because you can appreciate the_______(different) between Chinese and western teaching methods.
【方法指导】
1.只有复数形式的可数名词
一 些 表 示 食 物 的 名 词 或 表 示 成 双 成 对 的 物 品 的 名 词 通 常 只 有 复 数 形 式 ,
如:noodles,jeans,earphones,trousers,pants,glasses,scissors,compasses,等。这些名词可单独作主语,此时谓语动词
用复数形式;也可用a pair of或pairs of修饰作主语,此时谓语动词的数取决于pair的形式。
Sarah was told that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning ① in the next year. 莎拉
被告知她可能成为英国新的超模,明年能挣一百万美元。
2.有些名词形式上虽然是单数,但常表示复数含义。如:people, police, cattle, staff, public,等。
3.对于集合名词,当它表示一个整体时,视作单数;当它侧重各个成员时,视作复数。如:
Our class is the best one in our school. 我们班是我们学校最好的班级。
Our class ② basketball with Class Two on the playground. 我们班和二班正在操场上打篮
球。
4.有些名词单、复数同形。如:people,fish,deer,sheep,youth,Chinese,Japanese,means,species,series,works,等。
The ③ doesn’t/don’t work for this kind of problems. 这种手段对这类问题不起作用。
5.有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等,如:congratulations“祝贺”,regards“问候”,respects“敬
意”,thanks“谢谢”,wishes“愿望”,等。
【答案】①a million dollars ②are playing ③means
【变式】
【变式】1
1.【江苏省2020-2021学年百校联考高三第二次考试】Both headlines were put forward by a major new study
into diet and health ________（outcome）. Researchers looked at changes in diet for more than 50, 000 women
and 27, 000 men in the US, over 16 years.
【变式】2
2.【北京市房山区2021届高三上学期期末】 Her take on these items, ranging from desk lamps to rice cookers,
drew more than 100 _________ (reply), 50 of which would normally put the topic in the hot category.
【变式】3
3. 【2019·上海卷】In what is one of the most breathtaking sights in nature, millions of baby Ridley turtles broke
out of their eggshells under the sand at one of their mass nesting______(ground) in coastal Orissa.
考点2可数名词与不可数名词
【典例】
（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）The far side of the moon is of particular (interesting) to scientists because ithas a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side.
【答案】interest
【解析】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名
词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
【方法指导】
1. 表 示 一 类 事 物 总 称 的 名 词 , 常 作 不 可 数 名 词 看 待 且 不 能 加 “ s” 。
如:furniture,equipment,technology,luggage,baggage,homework,evidence,information,message,progress,weather,we
alth, 等 。 Banks,companies,and government agencies use secret codes in doing business,especially when
information is sent by computer. 银行、公司以及政府机构在进行商业活动尤其是用电脑发送信息时,都会使
用密码。
2.抽象名词或物质名词可以转化为可数名词。如:
comfort安慰→a comfort安慰者;令人安慰的事情
difficulty困难;难点→difficulties难题
failure失败→a failure失败的事/人
pleasure愉快;快乐→a pleasure一件乐事
regret遗憾;悔恨;抱歉→a regret令人悔恨的事情
surprise惊奇→a surprise一件令人惊奇的事情
worry烦恼;忧虑;苦恼→worries使人发愁的事
necessity必要→necessities必需品
shock打击→a shock一件令人受打击的事情
shame羞耻;羞愧→a shame一个可耻的人;一件可耻的事
honour/honor荣誉→an honour/honor一个让人尊敬的人;一件令人感到光荣的事
success成功→a success一个成功的人;一件成功的事
Today all three generations regard the move as a success,giving them a closer relationship than they would have
had in separate cities. 现在,三代人都认为这次搬迁是一次成功,给予了他们比在不同城市居住时更紧密的关
系。
【变式】
【2018·全国II】This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and
made drinking water safer for people.
考点3名词所有格
【典例】【2021·八省1月联考】 A _____ (student) college experience is his or her own, and the student must put his or
her education first.
【方法指导】
1．'s所有格
表示人或其他有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加's或'，表示所有关系。
my_sister's telephone number 我姐姐的电话号码
(1)表示两者或多者各自的所有关系时，分别在每个名词的词尾加's或'；表示两者或多者共有时，在最
后一个名词词尾加's或'。
Tom's_and_Jim's fathers 汤姆的父亲和吉姆的父亲
Tom_and_Jim's father 汤姆和吉姆的父亲
(2)表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。
at the_barber's 在理发店
at my_uncle's 在我叔叔家
2．of所有格
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常
用of所有格。
the window of_the_room 房间的窗户
3．双重所有格
【变式】
改错题【2018·全国II】When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night. After supper, we would play
card games of all sorts in the sitting room.
考点4名词作定语
【典例】【2018·浙江】Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the
home and the rise in ______(weigh) problems.
【方法指南】
名词作定语往往是说明被修饰词的材料、用途、类别等，作定语的名词通常用单数。
gold chain 金链子 coffee cup 咖啡杯
mountain village 山村 winter holiday 寒假
考点5 名词的构词法（词形转换）
【典例】
1. 【2021·八省1月联考】What I need are the skills of______(recite), including pronunciation and intonation,
which will perfect my performance.
2. 【2020·海南卷】Readers are encouraged to continue exploring the digital world with the_____(guide) of our
Further Resources section featured in each volume.
【方法指南】
名词的后缀
1．动词＋ion/tion/ation/sion(表示动作或动作过程)→名词
correct→correction 纠正；改正
expect→expectation 期望
consider→consideration 考虑
conclude→conclusion 结论
2．动词＋er/or/ee/ar/ess/ian/ist(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人，即具体表示某种“人”)→名
词
conduct→conductor 指挥；售票员
teach→teacher 教师 lie→liar 说谎者
employ→employee 员工 art→artist 艺术家
music→musician 音乐家
3．动词＋ment(表示行为状态、过程、手段或结果)→名词
punish→punishment 惩罚
achieve→achievement 成就
4．动词/形容词＋th→名词
warm→warmth 温暖；热情
5．形容词＋ y/ty/ity→名词
honest→honesty 诚实 cruel→cruelty 残忍
responsible→responsibility责任
6．形容词＋ness(表示状态或性质)→名词
careless→carelessness 粗心7．动词＋ance/ence→名词
perform→performance 表演；业绩
prefer→preference 偏爱
8．名词＋ship(表示身份、关系或资格)→名词
member→membership 成员；会员
9．动词＋ure/ture→名词
fail→failure 失败 mix→mixture 混合物
10．形容词＋dom→名词
free→freedom 自由
11．动词＋al→名词
arrive→arrival 到达
12．名词＋ful→名词
mouth→mouthful 一口；一满口(的量)
hand→handful 一把；一把的量
【变式】
【北京市房山区2021届高三上学期期末】Generally, elders are fond of the traditional tea-making for leisure and
the original taste while the youth prefer bottled tea drinks because of its ____________ (convenient) and various
flavors.
【关键能力】
名词与语法填空
在语法填空中，对于名词的考查主要涉及可数名词的复数、名词的所有格以及词类变换。
[典题试做]
用括号内所给词的正确形式填空
1． But for tourists like me，pandas are its top ________(attract)．
2． The nursery team switches him every few ________(day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle
－fed...
3． Then，handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________ (achieve)．
4． Recent ________ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.
5． Any smell might attract natural ________ (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.
[应对策略]
首先要弄清数与格，即名词是否该用复数，是否要用所有格；其次，注意有关名词的构词法，即有关
名词的词类转换。这就要求考生要搞清楚名词在句中作什么成分，近几年常考名词作主语、宾语、表语的
情况。
◆书面表达中名词易错点聚焦
1．写作中对于复数名词易疏漏－s或－es，如：
(误)I'd love to make friend with you.(误)All the picture displayed are of geat value.
2．部分名词的复数变化错误，如：familys，knifes，difficultys，pianoes，heros，woman doctors，
tooths，childrens，medias。
3．部分词性易混作名词，如：
动词误作名词 形容词误作名词
动词 名词 形容词 名词
succeed success honest honesty
affect effect healthy health
4.可数与不可数名词混淆。如：
不可数 可数
take action take measures
some advice some suggestions
take exercise eye exercises
make progress
information
