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第 07 讲 构词法
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】形容词后缀的考查
【题型二】副词后缀的考查
【题型三】名词后缀的考查
【题型四】动词后缀的考查
【题型五】前缀的考查
02 重难创新练
03 真题实战练
用所给词的适当形式填空
题型一 形容词后缀的考查
1.（23-24高三·福建漳州·阶段练习）So far, Shaolin Kungfu has become a window of Chinese culture to the
world, which also turns Shaolin Temple into the most (influence) “holy land” of martial arts in the world.
【答案】influential
【解析】考查形容词。句意：至今，少林功夫已成为中国文化向世界展示的窗口，这也使少林寺成为世界
上最具影响力的武术“圣地”。空处缺少形容词作定语，influence对应的形容词为influential“有影响力
的”。故填influential。
2.（23-24高三·重庆·期中）The city’s task centers on the belief that its (star) skies have the potential
to inject energy into the conventional tourism.
【答案】starry
【解析】考查形容词。句意：这座城市的任务集中在相信它的星空有可能为传统旅游业注入活力。修饰名
词skies应用形容词starry，故填starry。
3.（24-25高三·吉林长春·期末）Born in 1587, Xu Xiake grew up in a rich family. Yet he rejected the ___
（comfort) life to travel the lost world of imperial China.【答案】comfortable
【解析】考查形容词。句意：徐霞客生于1587年，在一个富有的家庭中长大。然而，他毅然放弃了安逸的
生活，选择去探索那个鲜为人知的古代中国世界。分析句子结构，空白处修饰名词life，作定语，应用形
容词comfortable“安逸的”。故填comfortable。
4.（23-24高三·广东·阶段练习）Today, these yellowed pieces of mail have become a (nation) cultural
treasure.
【答案】national
【解析】考查形容词。句意：今天，这些泛黄的邮件已经成为国家的文化瑰宝。修饰名词cultural treasure
应用形容词。故填national。
5.（2024·浙江·模拟预测）As China has more than 297 million people (age) 60 and over, according to
the latest statistics, this day has grown in popularity over the years.
【答案】aged
【解析】考查形容词。句意：根据最新统计，中国60岁及以上的人口超过2.97亿，这一天多年来越来越
受欢迎。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词，意为“年龄是……岁的”，作后置定语。故填
aged。
6.（23-24高三·湖北·阶段练习）So it goes in China, where tea is (day) necessity.
【答案】daily
【解析】考查形容词。句意：在茶是日常必需品的中国也是如此。分析句子可知，空处是修饰necessity的
定语，day的形容词形式daily符合题意，意为“日常的”，daily necessity意为“日常必需品”。故填
daily。
7.（2024·山东·模拟预测）Nowadays, mutton hotpot has become one of the favorite cuisines of the Chinese,
with (technology) development in mutton production allowing for year-round supplies of fresh meat across
the country.
【答案】technological
【解析】考查形容词。句意：如今，羊肉火锅已经成为中国人最喜欢的美食之一，随着羊肉生产技术的发
展，全国各地全年都有新鲜的肉类供应。修饰名词development，应用形容词technological作定语。故填
technological。
8.（23-24高三·河南郑州·阶段练习） Whether due to its long history or the strong (decorate) effect,
silk flowers were common accessories of the ancient women.
【答案】decorative
【解析】考查形容词。句意：无论是由于其悠久的历史，还是强烈的装饰效果，绢花是古代妇女常用的饰
物。修饰后面的名词effect，使用形容词作定语，故填decorative。
9.（2024·山东·模拟预测）The tray table is (adjust), so that passengers seated at different heights are
able to use it.
【答案】adjustable
【解析】考查形容词。句意：小桌板是可调节的，因此坐在不同高度的乘客都可以使用它。作表语，表示“可调节的”应用形容词adjustable。故填adjustable。
10.（福建省厦门第二中学 2023-2024 学年高三试题）On the east bank of Chaohu, China’s fifth-largest
freshwater lake, rests a (mystery) ancient “kingdom” of jade called Lingjiatan.
【答案】mysterious
【解析】考查形容词。句意：在中国第五大淡水湖巢湖东岸，坐落着一个神秘的古代玉石“王国”——凌
家滩。修饰名词kingdom应用形容词mysterious，作定语。故填mysterious。
题型二 副词后缀的考查
1.（2024·江苏泰州·模拟预测）Moving forward, we’ll grasp the opportunities to remain at the forefront of BRI’s
joint construction and provide more top-level green energy (global).”
【答案】 globally
【解析】考查副词。句意：展望未来，我们将抓住机遇，继续走在共建“一带一路”前列，为全球提供更
多高水平绿色能源。分析句子可知，空处修饰动词provide，用副词作状语。故填globally。
2. （2024·浙江·二模）It is believed that by arranging things (appropriate), one can haronize the
energies of the natural world.
【答案】 appropriately
【解析】考查副词。句意：人们相信，通过适当布置事物，可以和谐自然界的能量。此处需要一个副词修
饰动词arranging，因此使用appropriately“适当地”，作状语。故填appropriately。
3.（2024·辽宁六校联考）Apart from this, existing examples of ancient Chinese architecture are also
(wide) praised for its elegant outlines and various features, such as overhanging eaves(屋檐), upturned roof corners,
and different shapes of roofs.
【答案】widely
【解析】考查副词。句意：除此之外，现存的中国古代建筑也因其优美的外形和各种不同的特征而广受赞
誉，如悬垂的屋檐、翘起的屋角和不同形状的屋顶。修饰动词praise应用副词widely，表示“广泛地”，
wide作副词时表示“宽地”不符合语境。故填widely。
4.（2023高三·河北秦皇岛·阶段练习）“One who holds office should pool the ideas and wisdom of the people
and_________ (extensive) draw on all well-intended and useful views,” wrote Zhuge Liang in his article,
“Instructions to Subjects and Officials.”
【答案】extensively
【解析】考查副词。句意：诸葛亮在他的《教与军师长史参军掾属》中写道：“为官者就是要集思广益，
广泛吸取忠直有益的意见。”修饰动词词组draw on“利用”应用副词形式。故填extensively。
5.（23-24·山东·阶段练习）The boat comes out (magnificent), and its shape and features are distinctive
of the north of Fujian province.
【答案】magnificently
【解析】考查副词。句意：这艘船出来时气势恢宏，其形状和特征具有闽北特色。提示词修饰动词短语
comes out，用副词magnificently作状语，意为“壮丽地，宏伟地”。故填magnificently。6.（2024·江西九江·二模）In 2005, the pattern was (successful)selected as the symbol of China’s
cultural heritage to showcase the ancient Chinese people’s wisdom and aspirations.
【答案】successfully
【解析】考查副词。句意：2005年，该图案成功入选中国文化遗产标志，展示了中国古代人民的智慧和愿
望。修饰动词用副词作状语。故填successfully。
7.（2024·山东·模拟预测）It was also (extraordinary) popular among many royal families of the Qing
Dynasty.
【答案】extraordinarily
【解析】考查副词。句意：它在清朝的许多皇室中也非常流行。根据空后的形容词可知，此处应用
extraordinary的副词形式。故填extraordinarily。
8.（23-24高三·河南郑州·阶段练习）Silk flowers are the flowers (typical) made with silk, satin and
other high-grade fabrics.
【答案】typically
【解析】考查副词。句意：绢花是用丝绸、缎子等高档面料制作的花。修饰动词made，使用副词作状语，
故填typically。
9.(2024·湖南高三模拟 ) (basic), medical incense can kill bacteria in the environment, protecting people
against infections.
【答案】Basically
【解析】考查副词。句意：基本上，药香可以杀死环境中的细菌，保护人们免受感染。分析句子，设空处
使用basic的副词basically作状语，修饰句子，意为“基本上地”，同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大
写。故填Basically。
10. (2024·云南师大附中高三模拟) Saint-Exupéry wrote and drew on (extreme) thin paper, which made
the task of transporting the pages of the manuscript even more challenging.
【答案】extremely
【解析】考查副词。句意：圣-埃克苏普海姆在极其薄的纸上书写和绘图，这使得运送手稿的任务变得更加
困难。修饰形容词thin应使用副词，extremely意为“极其”，故填extremely。
题型三 名词后缀的考查
1. （ 2024· 浙 江 嘉 兴 · 模 拟 预 测 ） Unlike Qingzhi, Wan Yue, a mother of two, became a hanfu
(enthusiasm) for the sense of community.
【答案】enthusiast
【解析】考查名词。句意：与清芝不同的是，作为两个孩子的母亲，万悦成为了一名追求社区感的汉服爱
好者。结合语义和不定冠词a，用单数名词enthusiast (爱好者)作表语。故填enthusiast。
2.（23-24高三·安徽·阶段练习） It has also facilitated the (adopt) of clean energy in Africa, helping it
avoid the pollution associated with Western industrialization.
【答案】adoption【解析】考查名词。句意：它还促进了非洲采用清洁能源，帮助非洲避免了与西方工业化相关的污染。根
据空前的the和空后的of可知此处应该填名词adoption作宾语，为不可数名词。故填adoption。
3.（2024·湖北十堰·模拟预测）Have you ever experienced one of the earliest movies? It boasts star-studded
ensembles (乐团), undergoes rapid transformations in the blink of an eye, and even includes special effects, music
and (perform), all without the aid of machines or computers.
【答案】performances
【解析】考查名词。句意：它拥有众星云集的乐团，瞬息之间千变万化，甚至包括特效、音乐和表演，所
有这些都不需要机器或电脑的帮助。分析句子可知，空处和special effects以及music并列，作includes的
宾语，名词performance“表演”符合题意，且空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语，可数名词performance应用
复数形式，表泛指。故填performances。
4.（2024·湖南·一模）Start your (explore) from Sichuan Cuisine Museum, enjoy different aspects of
Sichuan cuisine, satisfy your curiosity and taste buds and experience all fun for “Playing with Chuancais”.
【答案】exploration
【解析】考查名词。句意：从川菜博物馆开始，领略川菜的方方面面，满足你的好奇心和味蕾，体验“玩
川菜”的一切乐趣。分析句子可知，空处作start的宾语，用名词。故填exploration。
5.（23-24·湖北·沙市中学模拟）Now as Hangzhou has grabbed the world's attention, tourists from various
places have gathered to this heavenly city to enjoy its slow life tempo and beautiful natural __ (surround) .
【答案】surroundings
【解析】考查名词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用surround的名词surroundings作宾语，意为“周
围环境”，其通常使用复数形式。故填surroundings。
6. （23-24·湖南长沙·雅礼中学模拟）In some parts of China, this ceremony is experiencing a____
(revive).
【答案】revival
【解析】考查名词。句意：在中国的一些地区，这个仪式正在复兴。作动词的宾语，结合不定冠词可知应
用单数名词revival，故填revival。
7.（24-25高三·吉林长春·期末）“On the surface, Xu's travel can neither be classified as great affairs of state
nor great undertakings that changed the course of history.” writes the cultural historian Zheng Peikai. “Xu traveled
to satisfy his own______ (curious) — he traveled for the sake of traveling.”
【答案】curiosity
【解析】考查名词。句意：徐旅行是为了满足自己的好奇心——他旅行是为了旅行。分析句子结构，空白
处在句子中作宾语，应用名词curiosity“好奇心”，不可数名词。故填curiosity。
8.（23-24·山东·阶段练习）During the early hours of the Lantern Festival, about 60 to 70 villagers gather to burn
the midnight oil at the local ancestral hall to finish the making of the giant boat,which is about 6 to 8 meters long
and 3 to 4 meters in (high), in one go.
【答案】height
【解析】考查名词。句意：在元宵节的凌晨，大约60到70名村民聚集在当地的祠堂里，点燃午夜的油，
一口气完成巨型船的制作，这艘船长约6到8米，高约3到4米。提示词作介词宾语，用名词height；inheight“有……高”。故填height。
9.（23-24高三·广东珠海·阶段练习）It’s believed that recognizing the cultural value of the custom matters in the
____ (promote) of Chinese traditions.
【答案】promotion
【解析】考查名词。句意：人们认为，认识到这种习俗的文化价值对于弘扬中国传统很重要。分析句子成
分可知，空处为名词形式。故填promotion。
10.（23-24高三·山东威海·阶段练习）It is just one example of ancient works of art that not only tells the
(wise) of our ancestors, but also is a witness to the pursuit of beauty by Chinese craftsmen throughout centuries.
【答案】wisdom
【解析】考查名词。句意：它只是古代艺术作品的一个例子，它不仅讲述了我们祖先的智慧，也见证了几
个世纪以来中国工匠对美的追求。根据空前的the和空后的of可知，空处应用名词在句中作宾语，wise的
名词是wisdom意为“智慧”，是不可数名词。故填wisdom。
题型四 动词后缀的考查
1．To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surface, do exercises to (strength) your leg muscles.
【答案】strengthen
【解析】考查动词。句意：为了避免膝盖疼痛，你可以在柔软的地面上跑步，做一些锻炼来加强你的腿部
肌肉。由句意及空前的you can run on soft surface, do exercises to及空后的your leg muscles可知应填动词原
形，不定式作目的状语。故填strengthen。
2．Knowing some tips will help (sure) that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or
family — no matter where you are in the world.
【答案】ensure
【解析】考查动词和短语。句意：了解一些技巧将有助于确保你与朋友或家人一起享受愉快的晚餐，无论
你在世界的哪个地方。help do sth.意思为：有助于做某事，空处之后that引导宾语从句，此处表示“确
保”用动词ensure。故填ensure。
3．For a beginner of sports, it is highly recommendable that the time for training (length) little by little.
【答案】be lengthened
【解析】考查动词。句意：对于刚开始运动的人来说，强烈建议慢慢延长训练时间。分析句子，句中it is
recommendable that sb （should）do为虚拟语气，意为“推荐某人应该做某事”，该结构中should可以省
略。故设空处使用该使用length的动词lengthen作主语从句的谓语动词，意为“延长”。同时the time 与
lengthen之间的关系是被动关系，用被动语态。故填be lengthened。
4．The local elephant population (threat) by poaching until stricter law enforcement was implemented.
【答案】was threatened
【解析】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：在实施更严格的执法之前，当地的大象数量受到偷猎的威
胁。由was可知，句子时态是一般过去时，由by可知，句子用被动语态，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动
语态，主语The local elephant population是不可数名词，因此空格处是was threatened。故填wasthreatened。
5．Fields of flowers, tile-roofed villages and tasty meals (rich) this wonderful experience.
【答案】enrich
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：鲜花的田野、瓦房的村庄和美味的食物丰富了这一美妙的体验。分
析句子结构可知，空格处用动词作谓语，rich的动词是enrich，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，
主语“Fields of flowers, tile-roofed villages and tasty meals”是复数概念，因此空格处用动词原形，故填
enrich。
题型五 前缀的考查
1.（2024·湖北十堰·模拟预测）The challenge of mastering this millennia-old technique within such a short time
initially seemed like mission (possible).
【答案】impossible
【解析】考查形容词。句意：在如此短的时间内掌握这一千年历史的技术的挑战最初似乎是不可能完成的
任务。分析句子可知，空处作修饰mission的定语，结合“The challenge of mastering this millennia-old
technique within such a short time”可知，此处指“不可能完成的任务”，应用possible的反义词impossible，
意为“不可能的”。
2．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习）I shall never forget watching the sunrise over the sea-it was
(forget)!
【答案】unforgettable
【解析】考查形容词。句意：我永远不会忘记在海上看日出——它是令人难以忘记的。空格前“was”是系
动词，后面接形容词。括号中给出的提示词动词“forget”，对应的形容词是“forgettable”意思是“易被忘
记的”。但根据句意这里应该使用反义“难以忘记的”，需要添加否定前缀。故填unforgettable。
3．Many stars, which are out of the solar system, are (visible) without a telescope.
【答案】invisible
【解析】考查形容词。句意：太阳系外的许多恒星不用望远镜是看不见的。由句意可知，此处应用visible
的反义词invisible(看不见的)，形容词作表语。故填invisible。
4．If one is late for a job interview, it is (likely) that he will get the job.
【答案】unlikely
【解析】考查形容词和构词法。句意：如果一个人面试迟到，他就不太可能得到工作。由If one is late for a
job interview（如果一个人面试迟到）可知，如果一个人面试迟到，他就不太可能得到工作，因此空格处为
“不可能的”，is后跟形容词作表语，“不可能的”的形容词为unlikely，故填unlikely。
5．He is a good teacher who never expresses the least (patience) with slow learners.
【答案】impatience
【解析】考查构词法。句意：他是一位好老师，对学得慢的学生从不表现出丝毫不耐烦的。根据句意，应
是“不耐烦，没耐心”；patience是名词“耐心”，前面加上否定前缀im-，构成其反义词impatience“不耐烦”。故填impatience。
6．It is (legal) to employ someone under the age of sixteen.
【答案】illegal
【解析】考查形容词。句意：雇用16岁以下的人是违法的。根据背景知识，“employ someone under the
age of sixteen（雇佣16岁以下的人）”应该是违法的；legal是“合法的”，应加否定前缀il-， 构成形容
词illegal，意思为“非法的”。故填illegal。
题型一 阅读理解
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。（运用构词法理解文中加黑字）
The US Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) recently asked scientists, lawyers, social
scientists and other experts to consider some of these ethical dimension. To give two examples: on privacy, as we
let more listening devices into our homes, how do we prevent the data they collect falling into the wrong hands
through hacking (黑客) or simply being sold between companies without us receiving any money? Another
example: mixed reality, including virtual reality, will become pervasive in the next few years. As we move from
headsets to what the IEEE committee describes as “more delicate sensory enhancements” we will use
technology to live in an illusory world in many aspects of our lives. How do we balance the rights of the
individual, control over our virtual identity, and the need to live and interact on a face-to-face basis while being
empowered to live rich lives in mixed reality?
There is, of course, always a tension between innovation and regulation. But it can often seem that giant
steps are taken in technology with minimal public discussion. Take the self-driving car: although it may be
safer than human drivers and is likely to save more than a million lives a year worldwide, it will also take jobs
from drivers, traffic police, sign-makers, car-repair companies, carmakers and more. Is this a bargain we
want to make? In taking that decision, have we given thought to a car that knows everywhere we go, decides
routes, perhaps, based on paid advertisement from shops along the way—and listens and sees everything we do
on board? What will happen to that data and can it be kept safe?
Additionally, while some worry about the uncommon “trolley problem” of whom the car should choose to
hit in a strange accident—an old lady or a mother and baby—perhaps the more frequent issue will be how we find
out what the algorithm (运算程序) was thinking at the time of an accident, because AIs (Artificial Intelligence) are
self-learning and devise their own strategies.
Similar concerns are emerging over the internet of things. Robot vacuum-cleaners already plot cleaning
cycles using computer-aided vision that, for some models, is relayed to their manufacturers. As more things at
home become connected, they will be hackable and the data they collect saleable.It’s time for some messy, democratic discussions about the future of AI.
1．Two examples in paragraph 1 are used to________.
A．shed some light on hacking in our modern life
B．lead the reader to think of ethical issues brought by hi-tech
C．lead in the following example concerning the self-driving car
D．list the existing problems that caught the attention of experts
2．The word “pervasive” in paragraph 1 probably means “________”.
A．intelligent B．powerful C．widespread D．skillful
3．We can infer from the passage that________.
A．innovation should be accompanied by guidelines to relieve tension
B．more giant innovative steps will lead to fewer public discussion
C．disadvantages of the self-driving car will outweigh its advantages
D．artificial intelligence fails to have a promising and bright future
4．In the passage, the author intends to ________.
A．expose some underlying problems in high-technology
B．call on professionals to enforce law and order
C．illustrate AI’s abilities in self-devising and self-learning strategies
D．display our inter-connected computer-aided life in future
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章以自动驾驶车辆以及机器人吸尘器可能带来的问题为例，揭露高科技的潜
在问题，呼吁人们考虑高科技带来的一些伦理问题。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段的“The US Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) recently asked
scientists, lawyers, social scientists and other experts to consider some of these ethical dimension. (美国电气与电
子工程师协会（IEEE）最近要求科学家、律师、社会科学家和其他专家考虑其中一些道德层面)”推知，第
一段的两个例子是为了引导读者思考高科技带来的伦理问题。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。结合常识和第一段“in the next few years(未来几年)”可知，随着时间的发展，新兴事物之
后会变得普遍，划线词所在句子意为“混合现实，包括虚拟现实，将在未来几年变得普遍”，即pervasive
意为“普遍的”，与widespread同义。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第二段的“There is, of course, always a tension between innovation and regulation. But it
can often seem that giant steps are taken in technology with minimal public discussion. (当然，创新和监管之间
总是存在矛盾。但在科技领域取得巨大进展时，公众的讨论往往很少)”和最后一段“It’s time for some
messy, democratic discussions about the future of AI.(是时候对人工智能的未来进行一些混乱、民主的讨论
了)”可知，科技发展，公众需要进行一些相关讨论去明确方向，可得出创新应伴随着缓解紧张局势的指导
方针。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段的“To give two examples: on privacy, as we let more listening devices into our
homes, how do we prevent the data they collect falling into the wrong hands through hacking(黑客)or simply being
sold between companies without us receiving any money? Another example: mixed reality, including virtual reality,will become pervasive in the next few years. As we move from headsets to what the IEEE committee describes as
“more delicate sensory enhancements” we will use technology to live in an illusory world in many aspects of our
lives. How do we balance the rights of the individual, control over our virtual identity, and the need to live and
interact on a face-to-face basis while being empowered to live rich lives in mixed reality?(举两个例子：关于隐
私，当我们让更多的监听设备进入我们的家庭时，我们如何防止它们收集的数据通过黑客攻击落入坏人手
中，或者仅仅在公司之间出售而我们没有收到任何钱？另一个例子：混合现实，包括虚拟现实，将在未来
几年变得普遍。随着我们从耳机转向IEEE委员会所描述的“更精细的感官增强”，我们将在生活的许多
方面使用技术生活在一个虚幻的世界中。我们如何平衡个人的权利、对虚拟身份的控制，以及在面对面的
基础上生活和互动的需要，同时有权在混合现实中过上丰富的生活？)”以及下文提到的自动驾驶车辆以及
机器人吸尘器可能带来的问题推知，作者写作本文的目的是暴露一些高科技的潜在问题。故选A。
题型二 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（23-24高三·山东济南·开学考试）Silk, a kind of light, delicate and soft fabric, has pushed its way
throughout China’s history. One cannot be certain of its origin, but the ancient Chinese people credited their own
wisdom 5 Leizu, the wife of the Yellow Emperor, as the 6 (invent) of sericulture(养蚕业).
Among the various styles and materials of silk, Nanjing Yunjin is a fancy fabric often 7 (use) for royal
costumes, representing China’s highest level of silk knitting(编织) technique. Yunjin is best made by hand in a
complex procedure, 8 consists of more than a hundred steps. Even the most skilled craftsmen can only knit
a few centimeters a day. Time, patience 9 skillfulness all play critical roles in its rare beauty. In the Western
Han Dynasty, explorer Zhang Qian 10 (open) up the routes to the western regions. Silk, 11 (play) a
critical role in the ancient routes, beautified countries in Central Asia and then other parts of Eurasia and beyond.
In the hands of Chinese artists, the 12 (thin) threads can knit enormous possibilities, and the softest
material can pass through thousands of years. As one of the many 13 (wonder) of ancient China, silk is not
merely a type of fabric. It is a cultural symbol as well as 14 expression of elegance.
【答案】
5．to 6．inventor 7．used 8．which 9．and 10．opened 11．playing 12．thinnest
13．wonders 14．an
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国丝绸的历史、表现形式、地位和意义。
5．考查介词。句意：人们不能确定它的起源，但古代中国人将自己的智慧归功于黄帝的妻子嫘祖，她是
养蚕业的发明者。credit sth. to sb.意为“将……归功于某人”，为固定搭配。故填to。
6．考查名词。句意参考上题。根据空前的the可知，空处应用名词，inventor意为“发明者，发明家”，
为可数名词，这里特指嫘祖是养蚕业的发明者，应用名词单数。故填inventor。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：在各种风格和材料的丝绸中，南京云锦是皇室服饰中常用的一种精致面料，
代表着中国丝绸编织技术的最高水平。分析句子结构，空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语a fancy fabric和use
之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填used。8．考查定语从句。句意：云锦经过复杂程序用最好的手工制作而成，这种程序包括一百多个步骤。分析
句子结构，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，指代先行词a complex procedure，指物，且在从句中作主语，
所以应用which。故填which。
9．考查连词。句意：时间、耐心和技巧都在其罕见的美丽中发挥着关键作用。根据句意并分析句子结构，
Time, patience和skillfulness之间是并列关系，所以应用and连接。故填and。
10．考查时态。句意：西汉时期，探险家张骞开辟了西域之路。根据时间状语“In the Western Han
Dynasty”可知，这里表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填opened。
11．考查非谓语动词。句意：丝绸在古代路线中发挥着关键作用，美化了中亚国家，然后美化了欧亚大陆
其他地区和其他地区。分析句子结构，空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语Silk和play之间是主谓关系，所以
应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填playing。
12．考查形容词的最高级。句意：在中国艺术家的手中，最细的线可以编织出巨大的可能性，最柔软的材
料可以穿越数千年。根据空前的the和下文中的“the softest material”可知，这里表示最高级，意为最细的
线，应用thin的最高级形式thinnest。故填thinnest。
13．考查名词的数。句意：作为中国古代众多奇迹之一，丝绸不仅仅是一种织物。wonder意为“奇迹”，
为可数名词，其前有many修饰，所以应用名词复数。故填wonders。
14．考查冠词。句意：它是一种文化象征，也是优雅的表现。根据空后的“expression of elegance”可知，
这里泛指一种优雅的表现，且expression的发音以元音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词an。故填an。
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳答案。
1.（2024年1月浙江卷阅读理解C篇）
On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (花暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. As a
result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2million per year on the Alberta Hail
Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain
before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project
flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years
“Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area
from hail,” Mr. Stienwan d says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification
Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot
be cousing drought.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating
wetter ground.”One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the
University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell
in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one
really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice,
doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded
in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative
legal safety.
8. What does the project aim to do?
A. Conserve moisture in the soil. B. Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C. Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D. Investigate chemical use in farming.
9. Who are opposed to the project?
A. Farmers in east-central Alberta. B. Managers of insurance companies.
C. Provincial government officials. D. Residents of Calgary and Edmonton
10. Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999?
A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D. To show the link between storms and moisture.
11. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1991年9月7日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加
里的南郊。因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机
在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。但是，在艾伯
塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷
走。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2million
per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make
small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.(因此，自1996年以来，一组保险
公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，
使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下)”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。故选B项。
【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights —
worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.(但是，在艾伯塔
省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷
走)”可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选A项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research
scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷
风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce
moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”(查克·多斯韦尔是一位刚刚从俄克
拉何马大学退休的研究科学家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。“1999年，我在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了
由种子风暴细胞形成的重大龙卷风，”多斯韦尔博士说。“人工降雨会制造致命风暴还是减少顺风处的水
分？当然，没有人真正知道，但是播种还在继续。”)”可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷
风是为了提示人工降雨可能带来的危险。故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud
seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts,
no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering
can proceed in relative legal safety.(考虑到质疑的程度，斯廷旺德建议，“停止人工降雨是明智的。”在实践
中，怀疑产生了相反的效果。由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据，没有人成功地赢得了对人工降雨公司的诉
讼。因此，私人气候工程可以在相对合法的安全条件下进行)”可推知，从最后一段我们能推断出人工降雨
公司将继续存在。故选D项。
2.（2023年新高考II卷阅读理解D篇）
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If
you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are
relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that
wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to
submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then
examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s
experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at
beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge.
After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These
include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the
activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge
of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during aworkday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives.
And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior
author of the study.
12. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?
A. Pocket parks are now popular. B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated. D. People enjoy living close to nature.
13. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories?
A. To compare different types of park-goers. B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park. D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
14. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5?
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
15. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn?
A. Language study. B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education. D. Intercultural communication.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。城市化让人们越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然
对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互
动可以创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中
的野生自然。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段内容“As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is
becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find
places in a city that are relatively wild.(随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自
然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见
的)”可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象，在城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written
summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these
submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. (他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在网
上提交一份书面总结，描述他们在公园里与大自然有意义的互动。然后，研究人员检查了这些提交的信
息，将体验分为不同的类别)”可知，研究人员按照公园游客提交的在公园里与大自然互动的活动把游客分
类，再根据第四段“Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language”
began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important tovisitors. (在这320份提交的作品中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的分类模式开始出现。在对所有提
交的内容进行编码后，有六个类别被认为对游客最重要)”可推断，给游客分类是为了区分不同的游客类
别。故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people
recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the
experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in
the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking
along a fountain on their lunch break. (命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参
与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如，沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在
周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更居
家的互动方式)”可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造一种可用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与对自己来说最满
意最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人士参与自然的方式举例说明，去公园时沿着水边散步让他
感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可以通过沿着喷泉散步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们可以
知道一样的自然体验可以呈现不同的形式。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature
interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact
with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. (“我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动
带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，”该研究的资深
作者彼得·卡恩说。)”可推断，彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。故选B。
