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考点 01 冠词、介词、代词（核心考点精讲精练）
【近年真题考点分布】
高考考点 语法填空之冠词、介词、代词
And so, king Mosi continued to rule his kingdom with wisdom and fairness,
earning (28)__________a place in the annals (编年史) of history, His story is a
reminder of ( 29 )__________wisdom can bring( 30 )__________ peace and harmony.
It is a story that has been passed down through generations, a testament to King Mosi's
enduring legacy.
【答案】 28.himself 30.about
2023上海秋考
【解析】28.himself【解析】考查反身代词。分析句子结构可知,该空处需要填
入代词或名词作earning的宾语，又结合句意推知，此处想要表述的是“因
此，摩西国王继续以智慧和公平统治他的王国，使他自己(himself)在历史史册
上赢得了一席之地”，故该空处填入 himself。
30.about【解析】考査介词。Bring about 意为“导致;引起”，故该空填入
about。
Young Enterprise makes (28)__________ a rule that the Advisers must come
from a variety of business occupations.
A Sponsor,(29)_________ (reward) only by the success of the enterprise of "its"
Achievers, is an organization which participates in Young Enterprise and,
(30 )__________ its own expense, provides facilities by making available
2023上海春考 communications,advice and encouragement.
【答案】 28. it 30. at
【解析】28.it 考查代词。 "it"是代词，作为形式宾语代替后面that从句。真正
宾语是"that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations"。
30. 考查介词（at the expense...），构成介词短语"at its own expense"，表示"以
自己的费用"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。
Successful entrepreneurs frequently have relevant insights, expertise, and
advice they may offer aspiring entrepreneurs to aid (21)___them_____ on their
2022上海秋考
respective paths. .......... (28) ____As_____an entrepreneur, you are both your
manager and the manager of others.
(30) ___A____successful entrepreneur must be able to spend his time wisely, regularlyanalyzing and prioritizing projects based on their relevance and significance.
【答案】21 them 28 As 30 A
【解析】21.them
考查代词作宾语。根据句子结构，这里说的是成功的企业家为有抱负的企业
家提供建议，因此此处要帮助的人(宾语)指的就是有抱负的企业家们，即
aspiring entrepreneurs，所以应填入人称代词宾格，且表复数，故填入 them。
句意:成功的企业家通常有相关的见解、专业知识和建议，他们可以为有抱负
的企业家提供帮助，帮助他们走上各自的道路。
28.As
【解析】考查介词,此处回答的问题是“是什么让企业家成功”,后面的 you are
both your manager and the manager of others.是个完整的句子，an entrepreneur 为
名词。结合语境，此处要表达的意思应是“作为一名企业家”，故填入 As。
句意:作为一名企业家，你既是自己的管理者，也是他人的管理者。
30.A
【解析】考查不定冠词。这里的entrepreneur为可数名词单数，应用不定冠词
a修饰，故填入A。句意:一个成功的企业家必须能够明智地利用他的时间，有
规律地根据项目的相关性和重要性分析和排序。
They both turned off the electricity for the telegraph, but (22)_________ could
still speak to each other for the next two hours.
The earth has a kind of ‘wall’ around it that defends it(26)________these
particles.
【答案】 22.they 26.against
【解析】22.they
[解析]考查代词作作主语。根据句子结构，该句缺主语，结合前面的“They
2022上海春考
both turned off the electricity for the telegraph,”可知这后半句的主语也为“they”，
故填入they。句意:他们俩都关掉了电报机的电源，但在接下来的两个小时
里，他们仍然可以互相交谈。
26.against
[解析]查介词。此处考查固定搭配 defend...against... 保卫...以免受...)，故填入
against。句意:地球周围有一种“墙”，可以保护它不受这些粒子的影响。Part 01 冠词
【思维导图】
【知识梳理】
考点一：不定冠词
1. 与可数名词单数连用, 表示类别，泛指一类人或事物。
☞ —I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard.
—You shouldn’t put drinks near a computer.
2. 用来表示不确定的某一个, 相当于 a certain。
☞—Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
—Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t a Mr. Smith here.
3.用于数量、时间等名词前, 表示＂每一（单位）的……＂。
☞I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays.
4. 在抽象名词、物质名词前(特别是这两种名词有定语修饰时)用不定冠词, 使之意义具体化, 表示＂一种＂、
＂一件＂、＂一份＂等。
☞It is an honour for me to be invited to the party.我被邀请参加聚会是一种荣誉。(honour是抽象名词,an
honour指一件荣誉的事)5. 不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序，而表示＂再一，又一＂。
☞She didn’t like the color of the two bags and asked for a third one.
她不喜欢这两个包的颜色，又要了一个。
有些单词以元音字母开头，但读音却以辅音开头，这些单词前要用不定冠词a；
相反，有些以辅音字母开头、读音却以元音开头的单词前要用不定冠词an。如：
a useful book，an hour，an honest child等。
考点二：定冠词
1. 用来特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。所特指的名词常被短语或定语从句所修饰。
☞Of all the reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was the most
important one.
2. 指说话的双方都知道的人或事物。
☞Don’t worry if you can’t come to the party. I’ll save some cake for you.
3. 复述上文中提到的事物。
☞There is a shelf in my father’s room. The shelf is new.
4. 用于单数可数名词之前, 表示该类事物, 相当于 a。
☞When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to the hotel; I can find you a bed in my flat.
5. 序数词和形容词最高级前。比较级前若表示特指时也要用定冠词 the。
☞The cakes are delicious. He’d like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small.
6. 用于复数姓氏之前, 表示＂夫妇＂或＂全家＂。
☞The Whites settled down in Canada last year.
去年怀特一家在加拿大定居。
7. 表示世界上独一无二事物的名词前。
☞the sun, the moon, the earth, the world
8. 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词、江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河及些建筑物等名
称前。
☞According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the
spread of AIDS.
9. 定冠词the和形容词、过去分词连用，表示一类人或事物。
☞Many of the injured are still in danger.
许多受伤者仍处于危险中。
☞the rich the poor, the old
the wounded the living the dead10. 用在方位名词和西洋乐器名词前。
☞the east 东部 play the piano 弹钢琴
考点三：零冠词
1. 不可数名词、复数名词表泛指，用零冠词。
☞Teachers are badly needed in the remote districts.
偏远地区非常需要教师。
2. 称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时，不加冠词。
☞Dr. Peter Spence，headmaster of the school，told us，＂A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford
and
Cambridge.＂
这所学校的校长Peter Spence博士告诉我们，这里五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造。
3. 月、季、星期、节假、洲前；三餐、球类、惯用语前；学科、棋类名词前，用零冠词。
☞A year can be divided into four seasons — spring，summer，autumn and winter.
一年可以分为四季——春、夏、秋、冬。
4. no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后的名词不用冠词。
☞There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.
天下没有免费的午餐。
5. 在turn(变成)作表语的名词前不用冠词，但become后的可数名词作表语时前要加冠词。
☞He became a doctor while his brother turned teacher.
他成了一名医生而他弟弟当了教师。
Part 02 介词
【思维导图】【知识梳理】
考点一：常用介词的基本用法
☞I heard a shot on (the morning of ) March 18. 三月十八日(早晨) 我听到一声枪响。
☞She has been ill for several days. 她已经病了几天了。
☞They worked hard through the winter. 整个冬天他们都在努力工作。
☞We have known each other since ten years ago. 我们十年前就认识了。
☞We will have learned 2000 English words by the end of this term.到本学期结束前，我们将学了两千英语单词了。
☞He walked across the road carefully. 他小心地走过马路。
☞He walked through the forest alone. 他独自一人走过森林。
☞They hid themselves among the trees. 他们躲在树林中。
考点二：介词短语用法
常见的介词搭配：
1. “介词＋ 名词”型
(1) in 构成的短语
in advance 在前头，事先，预先 in case 如果，万一
in charge主管，掌管，看管 in common共有，共同，公有
in demand有需要的 in doubt 感到疑惑的，难以确定的
in effect实际上，生效 in fact事实上
in order按序，井然有序，情况良好； 恰当 in progress进行中
in return作为回报 in vain徒劳
in turn依次，替换地；相应地，转而
(2) on构成的短语
on guard 在值勤 on leave在休假
on holiday在度假 on strike罢工
on sale出售 on loan借贷
on the move在移动，搬迁；离开 on the march在行军
on the go正在活动，正在奔走 on the air正在广播
(3) beyond构成的短语
beyond one's power是某人力所不及的 beyond praise夸不胜夸
beyond one's reach够不着 beyond description难以形容
beyond words无法用语言形容 beyond doubt无疑
beyond one's understanding 无法理解
(4) under构成的短语
under development 在发展中 under observation在观察中
under test在测试中 under construction在建设中
under examination在检查(调查)中 under consideration在考虑中
under repair在修理中
(5) at 构成的短语
at length 详细地，长时间 at sea茫然
at will任意地 at work在上班
at lunch在吃午饭 at rest在休息at table在吃饭 at school上学
at church做礼拜 at peace处于和平状态
(6) out of 构成的短语
out of breath 上气不接下气 out of balance失去平衡
out of date过时 out of patience不耐烦
out of control失去控制 out of business破产
out of style过时，不时髦 out of the ordinary不寻常的
out of touch失去联系
2． 复杂介词型
(1) 表示原因(通常在句中作状语), 意为“由于，因为”。
because of：表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系)；
on account of：常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素。
(2) 表示“除……之外”。
with the exception of＝ except, except for“除……之外”；
apart from (＝美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词，既可表示“除……之外”，相当于except (for),
又可以表示“除……之外，(还，也)”，相当于besides；
in addition to“除……之外(还，也)”，相当于besides。
(3) 表示“有关，关于”。
concerning=regarding“关于，就……而论，在……方面”；
with respect to“关于，就……而言”；
as for和as to用于句首时表示“至于”。
(4) 表示“在……之前”。
ahead of=in advance of，可表示“(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前，更早”， 还可表示“领先，
优于”；
in front of 多指空间的前后关系，“在……前方”。
(5) 表示“支持，赞成”。
in support of 维护，支持，支援；
in favor of 可指某人“支持，赞成”，也可指事物“有利于……”
(6) 表示“鉴于，由于；根据，按照”。
in the light of 按照，考虑到 in terms of 就……而言，谈到
according to 根据；按照 in view of 鉴于，因为
(7) 表示“尽管”。
in spite of 尽管，不管
考点三：动词短语中介词
1.动词＋ away构成的短语动词有：throw away扔掉 put away把……收拾好 give away捐赠，分发
carry away运走 run away 潜逃，跑开 go away 走开
2．动词＋ for构成的短语动词有：
answer for负责 provide for供给 all for要求
plan for打算，为……计划hope for希望，期待 ask for索取，寻找
send for派人去请 go for努力获取 pay for偿还，赔偿
3．动词＋on构成的短语动词有：
try on试穿，试验 put on穿上，上演 have on穿着，戴着
pull on穿，戴 hold on不挂断，坚持，继续 carry on继续开展，坚持
keep on继续 go on继续 get on上（车）
4．动词＋over构成的短语动词有：
come over过来 hand over移交 go over仔细检查，复习
get over克服，恢复 look over检查 think over仔细考虑
take over接受，接管 hand over 移交 turn over翻转
5．动词＋ up构成的短语动词有：
bring up抚育，培养 call up召唤，打电话给 come up走上前来，长出
cut up切碎 fix up修理 give up放弃；go up 上升，增长
grow up 长大 look up尊敬，向上看，查寻 make up虚构，弥补，组成
put up举起，搭建 set up建立，创（纪录） pick up 捡起，（开车）接某人，偶然得到
send up发射 show up 揭露，露面 turn up出现，把……调高一点
6．动词＋out构成的短语动词有：
come out出来 go out出去，熄灭 look out留神，当心
walk out走出 set out出发，开始 put out扑灭，生产
give out发出，发表 hand out分发 pick out挑选
find out找出，发现 speak out大声地说 turn out生产，结果是
get out出去，离开 carry out实行，执行 work out计算出，解决，实行，行得通
bring out出版 start out 出发，动身。
Part 03 代词
【思维导图】【知识梳理】
考点一：人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
一、 人称代词
1. 人称代词的分类和数：
2. 人称代词作主语时要用主格，作宾语时用宾格，作表语时常用宾格。☞She’s my classmate.
☞I bought a present for him.
【名师点睛】
在强调句中人称代词的使用应该根据人称代词具体作什么成分而定。
☞I met her in the hospital.→It was her who I met in the hospital.
☞It was I that first arrived at the airport.
二、 物主代词
1.物主代词的分类和数：
人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
人称代词 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
形容词性物主代词 my our your your his/her/its their
名词性物主代词 mine ours yours yours his/hers/its theirs
2. 物主代词的用法：
（1）形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句中只能作名词或动名词的前置定语，不能单独使用。
（2）名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，可单独作主语、表语和宾语，也可与of连用作
后置定语，但不能单独作定语
☞This isn’t my shirt; mine is over there.
三、 反身代词
1. 反身代词的形式
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself yourself himself / herself /itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
2. 反身代词常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce等动词后和by, for, to ,of 等介词后作宾语
☞All of them enjoyed themselves. 所有的人都玩得很好。
☞Help yourself to some fish. 请自己动手吃点鱼吧。
3. 反身代词有时用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语，表示身体或精神处于正常状态。
☞You don’t seem yourself today. 你今天好像不太好。
4. 强调用法：
反身代词在强调用法中表示强调，即用来加强某个名词或者代词的语气，可译成“亲自”、“本人”。
此时，它在句中作同位语。即使去掉，也不影响句子的完整性。如：
☞You must do it yourself. 你必须自己做。☞I myself did the homework last night。
昨晚是我自己做了家庭作业。
5. 含有反身代词的短语
for oneself 给(为)自己，独自 to oneself 对自己
say to oneself 心 里 想
talk / speak to oneself 自言自语
come to oneself 苏醒过来 absent
oneself 缺席
beside oneself 失常，若狂 by oneself 独自
地，单独地
of oneself 独自，自发地
考点二：指示代词和替代词
1. this, that, these, those的区别
（1）this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。
☞This is my desk and that is yours.
☞In those days they could not go to school.
（2）this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。
☞I want to tell you this：the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.
☞He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come.
（3）为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。
☞The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.
☞The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.
（4）this在电话用语中用于作自我介绍，that用于询问对方；this和that可以当副词用，相当于副词 so。
☞Can hard work change a person that much?
2. one, the one, that, it的区别
易混词 含义
this 指代上文说过的事物或下文要提到的事物。代替可数名词复数用these。
that 用来指代上文提到的某一个名词，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名
词，表示特指。代替可数名词复数用those(相当于the ones)，后面必须有定
语。
one (复数形式是ones)只能用来指代上文提到的某一个可数名词单数，表示同名
异物。其前可以有定语，其后也可以有定语。
it 指上文提到的同一个事物，也可指代前面(或后面)整句话的意思。通常还可
用作形式主语或形式宾语。☞This is the book I borrowed from Lucy.
这就是我从露西那儿借的书。
☞The population of Shandong is larger than that of Qinghai.
山东的人口比青海的人口多。
☞I don’t like the blue shirt. I like the yellow one.
我不喜欢这件蓝色的衬衫。我喜欢那件黄色的。
☞I can’t find my hat. I don’ t know where I put it.
我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪儿了。
考点三：不定代词
1. both, either, neither, , all, none, no one, nobody
☞Both of my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。
☞All of the students are interested in it. 所有的学生对此都很感兴趣。
☞He has two sons, neither of whom is rich. 他有两个儿子，都不富有。
☞He has three sons, none of whom is rich. 他有三个儿子，都不富有。
2. few, a few 与 little, a little的用法
☞It is very difficult, and few people understand it. 它很难，没几个人能懂。
☞It is very difficult, but a few people understand it. 他虽难，但是有些人懂。
☞Unfortunately, I had little money on me. 很不巧，我身上没带什么钱。
☞Fortunately, I had a little money on me. 幸好我身上带着一点钱。
3. other, the other, another与others的用法
(1) 指单数时的区别：若泛指用another，若特指用 the other。如：
☞Give me another (one). 另外给我一个。
☞Shut the other eye, please. 请把另一只眼睛也闭上。
(2) 指复数时的区别：若泛指用 other(后接复数名词)，若特指用the other(后接复数名词)。如：
☞There are other ways of doing it. 做这事还有其他的办法。
☞Where have the other students gone? 其他学生都到哪里去了？
(3) others的用法：它永远表示复数意义(且其后不能再接名词)。其用法大致相当于“other+复数名词”，同
样
地 the others 大致相当于“the other＋复数名词”。如：
☞Other people [Others] may not think that way. 别的人可能不这样想。
☞He is cleverer than the others [the other students] in her class. 他比班上其他学生聪明。
(4) another的用法：一般只能表单数，且其后接名词也只能接单数名词。但是若其后有数词或 few 修饰时，
则也可接复数名词。如：
☞We need another few chairs. 我们还需要几把椅子。
☞In another two weeks it’ll be finished. 再过两个星期就可做完了。4. 复合不定代词的用法
☞There is nothing wrong with the radio. 这收音机没有毛病。
☞Have you seen anyone [anybody] famous? 你见过名人吗?
☞If anybody comes, ask him [them] to wait. 要是有人来，让他等着。
☞Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切都准备好了，是吗?
是否接of短语：anyone, everyone 等只能指人，不能指物，且其后一般不接of 短语。若是指物或后
接 of 短语，可用 any one, every one (分开写)。如：
any one of the boys (books) 孩子们(书)当中的任何一个(本)
every one of the students (schools) 每一个学生(一所学校)
考点四：it的用法
一、用作形式主语，替代动词不定式，动名词或从句
1. It is clear (obvious，true，possible，certain...) that...该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主
语
从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，可能，肯定……）＂。
☞ It is very clear that he doesn’t like it.＝That he doesn’t like it is very clear. 很明显他不喜欢它。
2. It is said (reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped...) that...该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主
语
是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉……）＂。
☞ It is reported that another satellite has been put into orbit. 据报道又一颗卫星被送入轨道。
3. It is time (about time，high time) that...该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是从句的谓语
动词常用过去时态表示虚拟，有时也用should＋动词原形，should不能省略，常译为＂是（正是）……
的
时候了＂。
☞ It is time that children should go to bed.＝It is time that children went to bed. 孩子们该睡了。
4. It is the first (second...) time that...该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态
由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后
面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this/that替换，常译为＂是第一次做……＂。
☞ It is the first time I have been here. 这是我第一次到这里来。
5. It is a pity (a shame/an honour/a good thing/a fact/a surprise/...) that...该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气
（should＋动词原形），should可省略，表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语
气。
☞ It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
☞ It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！
6. It happens (seems，looks，appears) that...该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的
happen，
seem等词是不及物动词。☞ It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来他再过几天才能回来。
7. It be＋adj.(kind, nice, brave, clever, stupid...) of sb＋to do sth该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定
式的逻辑主语由of引起，句中的形容词必须是表示逻辑主语特征的形容词（即句中的形容词是修饰逻辑
主语的）。常见的形容词有 bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，good(好心的)，honest，
horrible，
kind，lazy，modest，naughty，nice，polite，rude，silly，stupid，wise，wrong等。这个句型可以转换为：
sb is＋adj.＋to do sth
☞ It is kind of you to say so.＝You are kind to say so. 你这么说真是太善良了。
8. It be＋adj.(difficult，easy，hard，important) for sb to do sth该句型与上一个同属一个句型。不定式的逻辑
主语由for引起，形容词常表示重要性、紧迫性、频繁程度、难易、安全等情况（即句中的形容词是修
饰
动词不定式的）。常见的形容词有important，necessary，natural，easy，safe，common，normal，hard，
difficult，
dangerous，unusual，impossible，pleasant等。
☞ It is important for her to come to the party.＝It is important that she (should) come to the party.
对她来说，参加这次聚会很重要。
9. It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花费某人……时间
☞ It took me five days to solve the problem. 解决这个问题花了我五天时间。
10. It costs sb some money to do sth 做某事花费某人……钱
☞ It will cost my father five thousand yuan to buy such a computer. 买这台电脑花了我父亲5, 000元。
11. It’s up to sb to do sth 应由某人(负责)做……
☞ It is up to you to decide whether to take the job or not. 做不做这份工作由你决定。
12. It’s useless/(of) no use/(of) no good doing sth
该句型常译为＂做……是徒然的/没有益处的＂，句中的动名词短语是真正的主语，表语可以是 no
use(＝not any use)，no good(＝not any good)等。
☞ It’s no use arguing with her. 跟她争论没有用。
二、作形式宾语
1. 用于 ＂主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语＂ 句型中：当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语
从句时，常用it作形式宾语，而往往把真正的宾语——不定式、动名词或宾语从句置于补足语之后。
☞ I think it important that we should keep calm. 我认为我们应该保持安静，这很重要。
☞ I feel it my duty that I should devote myself to teaching. 我感到致力于教学是我的责任。
☞ I make it a rule that I read English every morning. 每天早晨读英语是我的习惯。
2. 用于＂主语＋及物动词＋宾语＂句型中：有些动词或短语动词不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，需
要在从句前先加上形式宾语it。
①appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)，have(表明，坚持说)，take(认为，猜
想)，hide(隐瞒)，publish(公布)，put(表达，写出来)等。☞ I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon. 我认为你会很快离开上海。
☞ The report has it that no one was to blame for the accident. 报告表明没有人要对这次事故负责。
☞ We published it that we had finished the project ahead of time. 我们宣布我们已提前竣工了。
②answer for(承担……的后果)，count on(期待)，depend on(依靠)，insist on(坚持主张，坚决要求)，see
to(确保)等。
☞ I am counting on it that you will come. 我期待你会来。
三、it构成强调句
1. 强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。
2. 强调句型强调的成分
强调句型强调的成分：主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时，用who或that皆可；指物时，只能用
that；被强调部分是时间、地点，原因或方式状语时，不用when，where，why或how而用that。
☞ It was the beautiful lady that/who I met in the hotel yesterday.
我昨天在旅馆里遇到的正是这位漂亮女士。(强调宾语)
☞ It was in Beijing that we visited the Bird’s Nest and Water Cube.
正是在北京我们参观了鸟巢和水立方。(强调地点状语)
☞ It is my mother who/that reminds me to get up on time every day.
每天都是我妈妈提醒我按时起床。(强调主语)
3. 对not...until结构的强调
not...until结构的强调句型为＂It is/was not until...that...＂在这一固定句型中，由于not已经前移，that后
只能用肯定形式。
☞ He didn’t go to bed until ten o’clock.→It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed. 直到10点他才睡觉。
☞ I didn’t realize it until I got off the bus.→It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.
（2024年杨浦区区一模）
Healthy foods (25) ________ ________ fresh fruits and vegetables may be impossible to find. Sadly, 12.8% of
the American population live in food deserts.
What can we do to help (26) ________ who don’t have enough food? Shirley and Annie Zhu came up with a
solution. In 2017, when Hurricane Harvey destroyed over 100,000 homes in their city, Houston, the sisters got
involved.
【答案】25. such as 26. those
【25题详解】考查介词短语。句意：像新鲜水果和蔬菜这样的健康食品可能是不可能找到的。此处需要使
用介词短语“such as”，表示“例如”，用来列举健康食品的例子。故填such as。【26题详解】考查代词。句意：我们能做些什么来帮助那些没有足够食物的人呢？根据上下文句意可知，
此处应为代词those表示“那些”没有足够食物的人，为限制性定语从句who don’t have enough food的先行
词。故填those。
（2024年黄浦区一模）
While other people are off exploring the Blue Lagoon by camper van, you get to stay in your very own home
and go to your usual supermarket __22__ cookies!
【答案】22. for
【解析】
21. for：考查介词。句意：这个新发明的词太可爱了，感觉不像是一种安慰：当别人开着露营车去探索蓝湖的
时候，你可以呆在自己的家里，去你常去的超市买饼干！根据“go to your usual supermarket”和“cookies”可
推知，此处表示“去你常去的超市买饼干”，也就是“为了要，为了得到”饼干，空处应用表示该意思的
介词for。根据上下文，这里表示去超市“买点心”（cookies），表示目的地点，故填for。
（2024年徐汇区一模）
___22___ those unexplored, more than 200 caves exist in the park that are disconnected from the larger
system.
【答案】 22. Besides
【22题详解】
考查介词。句意：除了那些未经探索的，公园里还有200多个洞穴与大型系统没有连接。根据句意可知，
此处应填介词besides，意为“除……之外(还)”，首字母大写。故填Besides。
（2024年闵行区一模）
......... it is much easier than digging under the bushes looking for tracks, such analysis is time-consuming. It
also requires ____2____ expert pair of ears.
Dr Müller and his colleagues found the diversity of noisy animals was a reliable indicator for the diversity of
the quieter ____7____, too.
The results may have relevance outside ecology departments, too. Under pressure ____8____ their customers,
some make-up companies and oil firms have been spending money on forest restoration projects.
【答案】 2. an 7. ones 8. from
【2题详解】
考查冠词。句意：它还需要一双专业的耳朵。a pair of是固定搭配，意为“一双……”，expert以元音因素
开头，故用不定冠词an。故填an。
【7题详解】
考查代词。句意：同上。分析句子可知，空格处应填入代词作宾语。此处应用代词ones指代 animals。故
填ones。
【8题详解】考查介词。句意：在客户的压力下，一些化妆品公司和石油公司一直在森林恢复项目上花钱。under
pressure from是固定搭配，意为“在……的压力下”。故填from。
（2024年虹口区一模）
.......... studies involving dogs, analyzing cat behavior is difficult, which is part of why humans understand
them less.
“It could be just moving an ear or turning the head to the speaker or even freezing what ___9___ were doing,” Dr.
de Mouzon said.
【答案】 5. Unlike 9. they
【5题详解】
考查介词。句意：不像与狗有关的研究，分析猫的行为很困难，这也是人类对它们了解较少的部分原因。
空后是名词，根据句意，用介词unlike“不像”，构成介宾短语作状语，故Unlike。
【9题详解】
考查代词。句意：“这可能只是移动一只耳朵，或者把头转向说话者，甚至是停住它们正在做 事的情，”
de Mouzon博士说。根据语境此处表示前文提到的cats，作主语用人称代词的主格，故填they。
（2023·上海静安·统考二模）
The language of learning is full of references to parts of the body outside the brain. Perhaps that’s because these
phrases hint at ____1____ deeper.
In some ways, the idea that the body can aid learning should come ____5____ no surprise.
【答案】1．something 5．as
1．考查不定代词。句意：也许这是因为这些短语暗示了一些更深层次的东西。作介词的宾语，表示“某
些东西”应用不定代词something。故填something。
5．考查介词。句意：在某种程度上，身体可以帮助学习的想法并不奇怪。表示“并不奇怪、不足为奇”
短语为come as no surprise。故填as。
（2023·上海浦东新·统考二模）
Dobek races her interest in space and the universe back ___12___Grade Three when she and her father watched a
blood moon — a total lunar eclipse (月食)— on the roof of their house.
Chief among her immediate goals, she said, is to inspire ___19___with this project. “I want to tell other kids to
follow their passions,” Dobek said
【答案】 12．To 19．others
12．考查介词。句意：Dobek对太空和宇宙的兴趣可以追溯到三年级，当时她和父亲在他们的屋顶上观看
了血月——月全食。短语back to表示“追溯到”。故填to。19．考查代词。句意：她说，她的首要目标是用这个项目激励其他人。作宾语，表示“其他人”应用代词
others。故填others。
（2023·上海青浦·统考二模）
An amateur naturalist came across a new species of orchid ___21___ other flowers in Tokyo.
【答案】21．among
21．考查介词。句意：一位业余博物学家在东京的其他花中发现了一种新的兰花。由“other flowers in
Tokyo”可知，句子表示“一位业余博物学家在东京的其他花中发现了一种新的兰花”，空格处意为
“在……中”，用介词among，故填among。
（2023·上海宝山·统考二模）
In 2021 as the pandemic pushed many to search for love online, romance schemes, such as catfishing,
rose ___39___ 80 percent compared to 2020.
【答案】 39．by
39．考查介词。句意：2021 年，由于新冠肺炎疫情迫使许多人在网上寻找爱情，与 2020 年相比，
catfishing等浪漫计划增长了80%。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：rise by意为“增加了”。故填
by。
（2023·上海松江·统考二模）
Yoga from Adriene is the best known, ___46___ a huge library of videos available.
And of course, what works for you will depend on your current physical state. I’ve seen women in ___49___
80s who could do a cartwheel (侧手翻) over my poor, suffering body.
【答案】 46．with 49．their
46．考查介词。句意：Adriene的瑜伽是最著名的，有一个巨大的视频库。分析句子结构可知，此处为介
词与空后的名词短语构成介宾短语作状语，结合句意可知，此处表示的是“有”应使用介词with。故填
with。
49．考查代词。句意：我见过80多岁的女人在我可怜、痛苦的身体上方做侧手翻。分析句子结构可知，此
处为固定短语“in one’s +基数词的复数”结构，意为“在某人几十岁的时候”，所以此处填形容词性物主
代词，结合句意可知，此处指的是women。故填their。
（2023·上海闵行·统考二模）
Humans have been living and working on the space station for over 20 years. Their meals are packaged, though
sometimes astronauts receive fresh treats ___51___ resupply missions. The longer that packaged food is stored, the
more ___52___ may lose nutrients.
【答案】51．from/through 52．it51．考查介词。句意：他们的食物是包装好的，尽管有时宇航员会从（通过）补给任务中获得新鲜的食物。
表示“从……中”或“通过”应用介词from或through。故填from/ through。
52．考查代词。句意：包装食品储存的时间越长，其营养损失就越大。此处指代上文 packaged food，应用
代词it。故填it。
（2023·上海奉贤·统考二模）
Without an exclamation mark in the correct place, a warning road sign might read, “Children please drive
slowly” ____63____ ____64____ “Children! Please drive slowly”.
However, ____68____ matters how punctuation is used. Some writers argue that exclamation marks are never
truly necessary.
【答案】 63．rather/instead 64．than/of
68．it
63．考查介词短语。句意：如果在正确的位置没有感叹号，警告路标可能会写“孩子们，请慢点开”而不
是“孩子们！”请慢点开。”根据句意可知，此处为介词短语 rather than或者instead of“而不是”，满足句
意要求。故填rather/ instead。
64．考查介词短语。句意：如果在正确的位置没有感叹号，警告路标可能会写“孩子们，请慢点开”而不
是“孩子们！”请慢点开。”根据句意可知，此处为介词短语 rather than或者instead of“而不是”，满足句
意要求。故填than/of。
68．考查代词。句意：然而，标点符号的使用方式很重要。分析可知，“how punctuation is used”是句子主
语，因此空处填入it作形式主语。故填it。
（2023·上海嘉定·统考二模）
Eight months after my father died, I saw some letters on top of my mother’s coffee table. They were written decades
ago ___72___ my father’s neat handwriting.
As children, we often assume we know ___79___ about our parents. But, sometimes, we find out that they were
and are people with various dimensions.
【答案】72．in 79．everything
72．考查介词。句意：这些信是几十年前我父亲工整的笔迹写的。分析句子结构可知，此处为介词与空后
的名词短语构成介宾短语，结合句意可知，此处与writing搭配的“用”应为介词in。故填in。
79．考查代词。句意：作为孩子，我们经常认为我们对父母的一切都很了解。分析句子结构可知，此处应
为代词作宾语，结合下文中的“But, sometimes, we find out that they were and are people with various
dimensions.”可知，此处指的是“孩子们觉得自己理解父母的一切”，所以此处应为“一切”。故填
everything。（2023·上海金山·统考二模）
GPT-4 will initially be available to ChatGPT Plus subscribers, who pay $20 per month for easy access to the
service. It’s already powering Microsoft’s Bing search engine platform. The tech giant has invested $10b_____89_____
OpenAI.
【答案】89．in/on
89．考查介词。句意：这家科技巨头已向OpenAI投资100亿美元。此处考查动词短语invest...on/in...，意
为“（把资金）投入……”，设空处应用介词in或on，后接宾语OpenAI。故填in/on。
（2023·上海虹口·统考二模）
According to Dr James Giordano, a professor at Georgetown University Medical Center, our brains process
information and turn it into memories by receiving it ____94____ our senses, encoding it and storing it — much
like a computer.
In the second, they were asked to recall the sounds, images and objects after an hour, a day and then a week. In
____101____ of the instances, students’ recollection of sound was far worse than their visual memories, and the
longer the time passed by, the greater the gap became.
【答案】94．through 101．both/either
94．考查介词。句意：乔治敦大学医学中心教授 James Giordano博士表示，我们的大脑处理信息，并通过
感官接收信息，将其编码并存储，这就像一台计算机。结合句意可知，此处指“通过感官接收信息”，应
用介词through。故填through。
101．考查代词。句意：在这两种情况下/在任何一种情况下，学生对声音的记忆远不如视觉记忆，而且时
间过得越久，差距就越大。结合句意可知，此处指“在这两种情况下”或“在任何一种情况下”，代词
both“两者都”或either“（两者中）任何一个”均可，故填both/either。
（2023·上海宝山·统考模拟预测）
Though it may be challenging. start your morning with as much light as possible. Open the curtains. Turn on the
lights. See what ___119___ difference it makes in helping you start your day.
【答案】119．a
119．考查冠词。句意：看看它在帮你重新开始一天上有何不同。what引导的宾语从句是一个感叹句；
make a difference是固定短语，意为“有区别”。故填a1．What made him excited was that he was offered amazing opportunity to work with leading
scientists in the field. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】an
【详解】考查冠词。句意：让他兴奋的是，他得到了一个与该领域的顶尖科学家一起工作的绝佳机会。
opportunity是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，amazing是元音音素开头，因此不定冠
词用an，故填an。
2．She was under extreme pressure moment she heard a familiar but horrible voice coming out of
the room. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】the
【详解】考查时间的状语从句。句意：当她听到一个熟悉但可怕的声音从房间里传出时，她承受着巨大的
压力。空格前面是主句“She was under extreme pressure”，表示她处于极大的压力之下。空格后面是时间的
状语从句，这是一个描述具体时间的状语从句，表示“当她听到一个熟悉但可怕的声音从房间里传出来
时”，“the moment” 是一个常用的短语，用于表示“一……就，当……的时候”，引导时间的状语从句。
故填the。
3．“Solving problem of plastic pollution is important. Landfill space is becoming limited,” says Wu,
a Stanford University environmental engineering instructor. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】the
【详解】考查冠词。句意：“解决塑料污染问题很重要。垃圾填埋场的空间越来越有限，”斯坦福大学环
境工程讲师吴说。此处的问题特指“塑料污染问题”，应用定冠词the。故填the。
4．The stores in Chinatown offer unique range of souvenirs and goods. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】a
【详解】考查冠词。句意：唐人街的商店提供了各种各样独特的纪念品和商品。此处意为“各种各样的”，
表达为a range of ，且unique为辅音音素开头，故应用不定冠词a，故填a。
5．Mogao Caves were a key stop along the Silk Road China’s history.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】throughout
【详解】考查介词。句意：莫高窟是中国历史上丝绸之路的重要一站。分析句子可知，此空应填介词与后
面名词构成介词短语，在本句中作状语，再由句意可知，应填 throughout，表“贯穿整个时期”。故填
throughout。
6．Ecotourism has its origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel
concept the late 1980s. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】until
【详解】考查介词。句意：生态旅游起源于 20世纪70年代的环保运动。直到20世纪80年代末，它才被
广泛接受为一种旅行概念。根据句意可知，此处表示“直到 20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接
受”，表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型“not...until”。故答案为until。7．We have to achieve a balance environmental protection and economic development. （用适当的词填
空）
【答案】between
【详解】考查介词。句意：我们必须在环境保护和经济发展之间取得平衡。根据语境可知，此处使用介词
between“在……之间，介于……之间”。a balance between... and...“在……和……之间的平衡”。故填
between。
8．It's generally acknowledged that education shouldn’t be measured only examination
results. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】by
【详解】考查介词。句意：人们普遍认为教育不应该只通过考试成绩来衡量。根据“shouldn’t be
measured”可知，此处为被动语态，用介词by，表示“被，由”。故填by。
9．I am sure that your great efforts, you will enjoy a colorful and fruitful life here. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】with
【详解】考查介词。句意：我相信，在你们的巨大努力下，你们将在这里享受丰富多彩、富有成果的生活。
根据空后的your great efforts可知，空处应用介词，with常和effort搭配，表示“凭借”。故填with。
10．Any individual the knowledge of his own country’s history, origin and culture is like a tree without
roots. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】without
【详解】考查介词。句意：任何一个人如果不了解自己国家的历史、起源和文化，就像一棵没有根的树。
表示“没有”应用介词without。故填without。
11． the celebrations, though, in the U. S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older. (用适当
的词填空)
【答案】Despite
【详解】考查介词。句意：尽管有这些庆祝活动，但在美国，爵士乐的听众仍在不断萎缩，年龄也在不断
增长。结合句意可知，此处表示让步关系，用介词despite“尽管”，后接名词the celebrations作宾语，首字
母应大写，故填Despite。
12．During a study of children, it was shown that if children are exposed to three or more years of musical
training, they had better listening and speaking skills than who had none. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】those
【详解】考查代词。句意：在一项针对儿童的研究中，研究表明，如果儿童接受三年或三年以上的音乐训
练，他们的听力和口语技能会比那些没有接受过音乐训练的儿童更好。此处替代前面有定冠词的可数名词
复数children，其后有定语，相当于 the ones，应用those。
13．As he came to himself, in direction he looked, he could see anxious and curious faces. (用适当的词
填空)
【答案】whichever
【详解】考查代词。句意：当他苏醒过来时，无论朝哪个方向看，他都能看到焦虑和好奇的面孔。分析句
子可知，此处指“无论朝哪个方向看”，使用whichever“无论哪个”作定语，故填whichever。14．In order to keep team members positive and motivated, the team leader needs to show these
qualities. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】himself
【详解】考查代词。句意：为了保持团队成员积极主动，团队领导本人应展示出这些品质。根据句意，应
填入反身代词，故填himself 。
15．The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but didn’t help. (用适当的词填
空)
【答案】it
【详解】考查代词。句意：医生强烈建议薇拉去度假，但没有用。此处指上文去度假这件事没有用，应用
代词it。故填it。
16．Over time, as the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so would cook more
quickly. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】it/they
【详解】考查代词。句意：随着时间的推移，随着人口的增长，人们开始将食物切成小块，这样烹饪食物
速度会更快。/随着时间的推移，随着人口的增长，人们开始将食物切成小块，以便更快地烹饪。空处缺少
主语，空处可用it指代food，也可用they指代pieces。故填it或they。
17．Instead of having to choose one or the other, we can benefit from of the approaches. (用适当的词
填空)
【答案】both
【详解】考查代词。句意：我们不必二选一，两种方法都能让我们受益。分析句意可知，题干中出现了
one，the other可以推测此题应该会考查关于两者之间的一些代词：either, both等。后面又出现of和复数名
词approaches，可以确定填入both表示“两者都”符合语境。故填both。
18．The difference between a man who succeeds and who does not lies only in the way each treats
opportunities. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】one
【详解】考查代词。句意：一个成功的人和一个不成功的人之间的区别只在于他们对待机会的方式。空处
泛指前面的a man，用代词one代指。故填one。
19．It started with things assessing credit risk from loan applications, sorting the mail by reading
handwritten characters from zip codes. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】like
【详解】考查介词。句意：它开始于评估贷款申请的信用风险，通过阅读邮政编码中的手写字符来分类邮
件。“assessing credit risk from loan applications, sorting the mail by reading handwritten characters from zip
codes”是对前面things举的例子，空格处意为“像，比如”，需填介词like。故填like。
20．There is no better place to get delicious, filling, fun and glorious food in one of the many wet
markets in Shanghai. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】than【详解】考查介词。句意：在上海众多的湿货市场中，没有比这更好的地方可以买到美味、饱腹、有趣和
美味的食物了。根据空前的There is no better place和句意可知，此处使用介词than“(用以引出比较的第二部
分)比”。故填than。
（上海市上海中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中测评英语试题）
Your Kids Don’t Want You to Be Perfect. They Just Want You to Be Honest
Dear Parents,
I am thinking of you. I am imagining how hard each of you is trying to get through your days, how much you
want to lead your ____11____ (love) ones through this, how you worry, how you plan, and how you smile for them,
when inside you feel at times you are breaking.
I was not a very stable youth. In fact, I never ____12____ (think) I could be anyone’s mom. I remember the
decision ____13____ (become) a parent. It wasn’t hard to love. It wasn’t hard to dedicate myself to someone and
something ____14____ (great) than my life. ____15____ was hard was knowing that from now on! Needed to be the
one to make sure everything was okay, to manage it and make it work, from food to school to medical, and to be
patient.
I realized stopped my constant daydreaming, instead, ____16____ (stay) always ready for any break into what
I was doing or thinking to answer a need. It was a new skill to acquire.
So now, in the midst of this pandemic. I think of all the mothers and fathers with children at home, hoping that
____17____ all can do everything right, answer all needs, and stay calm and positive.
One thing ____18____ has helped me is to know that’s impossible.
It is a lovely thing to discover that your children don’t want you perfect. They just want you honest and doing
your best. In fact, the more room they have to be great ____19____ you are weak, the stronger they may become.
They love you. They want to help you. And in _____20_____ way, they are raising you up too. You grow together.
【答案】11. loved 12. thought 13. to become 14. greater 15. What 16. staying
17. they##you 18. that 19. where 20. a
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是一封写给父母的信，信中作者讲述了自己成为母亲的经历，告诉有孩子
的父母接受孩子的不完美，保持冷静和积极。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我想象着你们每个人是多么艰难地度过每一天，你们多么想带领你们所爱的人度过这
一天，当你们内心感到崩溃时，你们是多么担心，你们是怎么计划的，你们是怎么为他们微笑的。修饰后
文ones应用形容词loved，故填loved。
【12题详解】
考查时态。句意：事实上，我从没想过我能成为任何人的妈妈。根据上文I was not a very stable youth.可知
用一般过去时。故填thought。【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我记得做父母的决定。名词decision后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to become。
【14题详解】
考查比较级。句意：把自己奉献给比我的生命中更重要的人或事并不难。根据后文 than my life可知应用比
较级greater。故填greater。
【15题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：困难的是要知道从现在开始！引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指事物应用what，首
字母大写。故填What。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我意识到我停止了不断的白日梦，相反，我总是做好准备，随时打断我正在做的
事情或思考问题，以满足需求。分析句子结构可知stay与逻辑主语I构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。
故填staying。
【17题详解】
考查代词。句意：我想到家里有孩子的所有父母，希望他们/你们都能做好每件事，满足所有需求，保持冷
静和积极。此处指代上文all the mothers and fathers with children，可用代词you或they。故填they/you。
【18题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：有一件事帮助了我，那就是知道那是不可能的。定语从句修饰先行词 thing，在从句
中作主要，指物，故填that。
【19题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：事实上，他们在你的弱点上发挥的空间越大，他们就会变得越强大。此处引导地点
状语从句，表示“在……的地方”应用where。故填where。
【20题详解】
考查冠词。句意：在某种程度上，他们也在支持你。表示“在某种程度上”短语为in a way。故填a。
（2023年1月·上海春季高考真题）
Young Enterprise
Young Enterprise is an organization that makes serious efforts to teach all types of young people the general
principles of running a business
(21) __________( originate ) in the United States of America, the idea of Young Enterprise was introduced into
Britain by a successful banker.(22)__________ it developed slowly in its early years, the organization grew rapidly
later. Young Enterprise is now backed by industry and commerce, so that today young people throughout the United
Kingdom can participate.
A participant in Young Enterprise is known as an Achiever. Young Enterprise primarily meets the needs of young
people ( 23 )__________ are still at school, giving them an understanding of industry and the opportunities it mayoffer them in the future. But it is usually possible (24 )__________ ( include ) young people in the same age group
who have left school but have not yet started work.
An Adviser is a practicing business executive (管理人员) with an expert knowledge of his own field who
volunteers to keep a Young Enterprise company during its trading year.(25)__________counts for Advisers is an
ability to get on with young people and to put across the subject. As the name(26)__________ (imply), Advisers are
there to advise: they do not run the companies.
Normally, three Advisers-one on accountancy, one on production and one on marketing,(27)__________ ( be )
available to each company. Young Enterprise makes (28)__________ a rule that the Advisers must come from a
variety of business occupations.
A Sponsor,(29)__________ (reward) only by the success of the enterprise of "its" Achievers, is an organization
which participates in Young Enterprise and,(30 )__________ its own expense, provides facilities by making available
communications,advice and encouragement.
【答案】
21. Originating 22. Although/Though/While 23. who/that 24. to include 25. What
26. implies 27. are/will be/have been 28. it 29. rewarded 30. at
【解析】
【导读】文章主要讲述Young Enterprise是一个教育组织，旨在教导年轻人经营企业的基本原则。它起源于
美国，在英国得到了广泛支持。参与者被称为"Achievers"，他们可以是在校学生或已离校但未开始工作的
年轻人。每个Young Enterprise公司都有顾问来指导他们，顾问必须具备相关商业经验。赞助商提供支持并
根据企业的成功获得回报。
【详解】
21. Originating 考查现在分词 "originate"是“起源于……”，非谓语动词的现在分词形式，修饰"the idea of
Young Enterprise"，表示Young Enterprise的想法起源于美国。
22. Although/Though/While 考查让步状语从句。"although/though/while"表示让步关系，引导让步状语从句，
意为"尽管"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。
23. who/that 考查定语从句。这里使用关系代词作为介绍young people的定语从句，修饰"young people"，指
代"young people"，做主语，指人，可以使用"who/that"。
24. to include 考查动词不定式。"to include"根据句子结构，空格前的谓语动词is。判定此处为非谓语动词，
而且结合句子结构It is加形容词加to do something.故填入动词不定式to include. 句意：但通常可以将同一年
龄段的年轻人包括在内，他们已经离开学校，但尚未开始工作。
25. What 考查名词从句。这里使用名词从句"What counts for Advisers"引导一个主语从句，意为"对于顾问来
说，重要的是……"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。
26. implies 考查一般现在时。根据句子结构和语境，这里用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式"implies"，表
示"意味着"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。
27. are/will be/have been 考查时态。根据句子结构，主语three Advisers后面的破折号是解释说明，判定空格
处动词be是句子的谓语部分，再结合句意可知此处为主系表结构，而且“be available to”表示“可用于……
……可利用或得到的”，Advisers是复数，故填入are/will be/ have been。句意：通常，每家公司都有三名顾问，一名会计顾问、一名生产顾问和一名营销顾问。
28.it 考查代词。 "it"是代词，作为形式宾语代替后面that从句。真正宾语是"that the Advisers must come from
a variety of business occupations"。
29. rewarded 考查过去分词。"rewarded"是过去分词作后置定语，修饰"Sponsor"，表示"被奖励"。根据原文
句子结构和语境判断。
30. 考查介词（at the expense...），构成介词短语"at its own expense"，表示"以自己的费用"。根据原文句子
结构和语境判断。
