第03讲高考高频动词(原卷版)-2025年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（新高考通用)_3.2025英语总复习_2025年新高考资料_一轮复习_备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点帮

第 03 讲 高考高频动词 目录 一、完形填空高频动词252词汇总....................................................................................................1 二、 阅读理解高频动词290词汇总..................................................................................................7 三、高频核心动词知识点梳理..........................................................................................................12 四、好题冲关......................................................................................................................................70 一、完形填空高频动词252词汇总 完形填空高频动词 252 词 英文 中文 英文 中文 accompany 陪伴；附有 respond 回应 离开；让…处于 散架;垮掉;崩溃 leave ；余下 fall apart relieve 缓解 risk 冒…的风险 get hold of 领会;弄懂 search 搜索 urge 敦促;催促 appear 出现 arrange 安排 tour 在…旅游;在…巡回演出 put forward 提出 challenge 挑战 sacrifice 牺牲 stay with 呆在一起 notice 请注意 hear 听到 permit 许可 call on 呼吁 receive 收到 spend 花 refuse 拒绝 rely on 依靠 replace 取代 decorate 装修 treat 治疗；对待 look for 寻找 appeal 呼吁; 吸引 invite 邀请 wonder 想知道；惊讶 look at 看 命令;订购;订货;点(酒 下来 order come down 菜等) preserve 保存；保护 consider 考虑 pack up 打包 beat out 打败;击败comfort 安慰 give way to 向…让步 keep off 不接近 fight 打仗;战斗;打架 step forward 向前走 promote 促进 put on 穿上 attempt 尝试 admit 承认；准许…进入 reject 拒绝 predict 预测 charge 要价；指控；负责；充电 完成；使明白;通过电 斗争;奋斗;努力 get through struggle 话；通过（考试） take charge of 负责 occur 发生 select 选择 look after 照顾 read out 读出，朗读 happen 发生 step forward 向前走 repeat 重复 confirm 确认 provide 提供 imagine 想象 wear 穿 analyze 分析 move up 向上移动 promise 承诺 interrupt 打断 blame 责怪;指责 participate in 参与 握住;抓牢；稍等;等 创造;创作 hold onto create 一下 persuade 说服 pull 拉 produce 生产 miss 错过；思念 offer 提供 back off 后退 quarrel 争吵 mix 混合 recite 背诵 turn back 返回;（使）折回 contribute 捐献，捐赠 go to waste 浪费 晾晒（洗好的衣物）; 失败 hang out fail 闲逛 bath 给…洗澡;洗澡 take off 起飞；脱下；成功 spread out 展开；分散 take place of 代替 measure 测量 take over 接管 ignore 忽略 turn in 上交;提交 improve 改善 lack 缺乏 lend 借出 open up 打开 restrict 限制 suffer 遭受 throw at 投向 go away 离开;消失set a trap of 设圈套 recognize 认出;辨别出 quit 离开；辞职 pretend 假装 examine 检查 decrease 减少 save 救;储蓄;攒钱 satisfy 使满足 point 指向;瞄准 criticize 批评 come through 通过 walk around 四处走动 deserve 值得;应得 connect 连接 evaluate 评估 prevent 防止 adopt 收养;采取 recommend 推荐；建议 travel 旅行；行进 lead 带路;领路;通向 observe 观察；遵守 organize 组织 strike 撞;碰；罢工 lie 谎言；躺;位于 lose 失去 prove 证明 send 发送 forecast 预测 apply 应用;申请；涂;敷 simplify 简化 reply 回复 delay 延迟 know about 知道；了解 book 预定 wave at 朝…挥手（致意） owe 欠 remind 提醒；使想起 set out 出发 play with 玩 pass 通过 ran 跑；经营 beat 击败 post 寄;邮寄；张贴；发布 affect 影响 inspire 激励;鼓舞 complain 抱怨 argue 争论;争辩;认为 translate 翻译 perform 表演；执行 give away 赠送；泄漏 carry 携带 break 打破 deal with 处理 put up 建造;搭起;设立;张贴 discover 发现 skip 跳 rise 上升 take hold of 抓住 calm 使镇静 warn 警告 appreciate 欣赏；感激 go back to 回到 describe 描述 come across 偶然发现;偶然遇见 sight 看到 blow up 爆炸；炸毁 continue 继续 mean 意思是；打算 fade away 逐渐消失 roll down 滚下 contact 联系 suggest 建议；表明collect 收集 follow 跟随;跟着；遵循 settle up 付清（债务）;结清 respect 尊重 show off 展示 expect 预料;期待 live up to 不辜负 look up 查找 work out 计算出 try out 尝试 earn 赚 acquire 获得;购得 walk up 向上走;沿…走去 put up with 忍受 take advantages 利用 举起 hold up of check 检查 survive 幸存;幸免于难 annoy 使恼怒;使生气 stay 停留;待;保持 direct 指导;指挥 support 支持 reach 达到 run off 跑开了 point at 指向 pass by 经过 put down 放下 request 请求 advertise 做广告 spoil 破坏 mix up 混淆 believe 相信 pick up 拿起；接；学会 bargain 讨价还价 turn away 拒绝…进入 store up 储存 express 表达 choose 选择 block 堵塞;阻塞 test 测试 hit 打击；突然意识到 march into 行进，进入 match 匹配 read 读；写着 turn 转 return 返回；归还 turn down 拒绝 allow 允许 suppose 假设；认为 attend 出席；参加 wander 漫步 picture 想象 convince 使确信;使相信 present 给；呈现；主持 trust 信任 seem 似乎 rescue 营救 turn into 变成 announce 宣布 dive 潜水 donate 捐赠 cure 治愈 expose 暴露 praise 赞美；表扬 persuade 说服 search for 搜索 astonish 使惊讶 slip away 悄悄溜走 go on sale 出售 bother 打扰threaten 威胁 hide 隐藏 prohibit 禁止 explore 探索 embarrass 使尴尬 excuse 原谅;宽恕 怀疑 中途放下（某人）;中途卸下（某 doubt drop off 物） rent 租 come on （表示鼓励）来吧；加把劲 show up 出现 return 返回；归还 turn around 转身 point out 指出 regard 将…认为;把…视为 hurry down 赶快下来 set off 出发 turn out 结果 put away 收好 settle down 安定下来 postpone 推迟 discourage 使灰心;使泄气 turn up 出现 pay off 偿清，还清（债务） count 数数；计算；重要 feel 感觉 forbid 禁止 practice 实践 come down 下来 lend 借出 come over 过来 play jokes on 戏弄 beat out 击败 cheer for 为…喝彩叫好 cheat 作弊 disturb 打扰 come over 过来 crash 碰撞;撞击; defend 防御;保护;保卫 approach 靠近，接近 ski 滑雪 report 报告 advise 建议 accept 接受 think of 想到 encourage 鼓励 form 形成；成立 clarify 阐明;澄清 admire 欣赏；赞美；钦佩 tremble 颤抖；哆嗦，抖动 matter 重要 explain 解释 inform 通知 require 需要；要求 gather 收集 drop along 逐步敲击 come into effect 生效 come in 进来 cheer 欢呼 afford 负担得起 manage 管理，设法做成 make up 组成；编造；化妆 run over 撞倒，碾过 pace down 沿…走 turn to 转向；求助于 fix 使固定;安装；修理 roll over 滚动 study 研究 prepare 准备 share 分享force 强迫 stare 盯着看 shake 摇 serve 提供服务；端上 steal 偷 reserve 预订，预约；保留;贮备 sponsor 赞助 cancel 取消 affect 影响 change 改变 cause 导致；引起 assist 协助 solve 解决 defeat 击败;战胜 hesitate 犹豫 record 记录 适应 开始从事;喜欢上;占用;占据，占 adapt take up 有 regret 后悔；遗憾 register for 注册 put off 推迟 give up 放弃 agree 同意 repair 修复 fill 填满 support 支持 beg 祈求 believe in 相信 scold 训斥，责骂 move on 继续前进 画 画 ； 拖 ( 动 ); 拉 刺;戳;粘贴；坚持 draw (动)；吸引，使感兴 stick 趣 道歉 遇到（问题、困难等）；车辆） apologize run into 意外撞上 bear 忍受;携带 realize 意识到 declare 公布;宣布 conduct 组织;安排;实施 二、阅读理解高频动词290词汇总 高考阅读常考—动词（290） 常考词 汉语 常考词 汉语 v.强迫 accumulate 积累 force n.武力;暴力;力 affect 影响 foster 培养 analyze 分析 gain 获得 apologize 道歉 gather 聚集 approach v. 靠近，接近 graduate 毕业n. 方法; 靠近 assist 帮助 grasp 抓住 attack 攻击; 进攻 greet 打招呼 attend 出席; 注意;专心 guarantee 保证 v. 使受益;得益于 v.指引;指导 benefit guide n.利益 n.指南;手册; 导游 v.参加运动 campaign handle v.处理 n.把手 n.运动;活动 comfort v.安慰n.舒服;安逸 hesitate 犹豫 comment v.评论n.议论;评论 hide 隐藏 confirm 确认 hire 雇用 consume 消耗，耗费 hunt 打猎 count 数数;计算;重要 ignore 忽视 cure 治愈 fight 战斗；打仗 delay 延迟 import 进口 v. 落下,掉下终止 drop indicate 表明 n.滴 encourage 鼓励 infect 感染 entertain 招待，款待;使快乐 infer 推断 escape 逃跑 inform 通知;告知 evaluate 评价 intend 打算;计划 exhibit 展览 interrupt 打断 n.经验；经验 experience interview 采访；面试 v.经历;经受 fail 失败 introduce 介绍；引进 fit 适合 invent 发明 forecast 预测 invest 投资 v.成形; 产生 form fade 褪色；变淡，变暗 n.形式; 表格 frighten 吓唬 kick 踢 handle v. 处理 n.手柄 knock 敲 ignore 忽视 lead 领导 implant 植入 leak 泄漏 imply 暗指;说明 march 前进impress 给…留下深刻的好印象 master v.精通;掌握n.主人 v.事关紧要;要紧 introduce 介绍;引进 matter n. 问题 involve 涉及；参与 measure v.测量 n.措施;方法 kick 踢 memorize 记住 v.匹配 match mislead 误导 n.火柴;比赛 prohibit 禁止 mix 混合 promote 促进 motivate 使有动机 v.注意;留意;指出 publish 出版 note n.笔记 raise 提升，举起，筹集 obey 服从 recover 恢复；找回 object v. 反对n.物体; 对象 refresh 使恢复精力 observe 观察;遵守 reject 拒绝 obtain 获得 represent 代表 offer 提供 require 要求 operate 操作；做手术 rescue 营救 oppose 反对 research 研究 organize 组织 respond 回应 originate 起源 return 返回 outbreak 爆发 risk n.危险v.冒…风险 output 输出 ruin v.毁坏;破坏n.废墟 overcome 克服 run 跑步；管理；经营 overhear 窃听器 seek 寻求 overlook 偶然听到 sentence v.判刑 n.句子 perform 表演；执行 serve 服务 permit 许可 store v.储存 n.商店 persuade 说服 suspect v.怀疑n.嫌疑人 please 使高兴；请 v. 指，指向;瞄准 transport 运输 point n.论点;观点 weigh 权衡 possess 拥有 abandon 离弃，遗弃 post 邮递;张贴；公布 absorb 吸收 predict 预测remove 去除 preferred 更喜欢 accompany 陪伴 prohibit 禁止 achieve 实现 promote 促进;推动;促销;晋升 acknowledge 承认 pronounce 发音 acquire 获得 propose 建议 adjust 调节;适应 prove 证明 adopt 采用；领养 publish 出版 advertise 做广告;登广告 punish 惩罚 affect 影响 purchase 购买 afford 负担得起 ensure 确保 aid 帮助 react 反应 analyze 分析 recognize 认出;识别 mention 提到 recommend 推荐；建议 approve 赞成；批准 reduce 减少 argue 争论；主张 reflect 反映 arise 发生;产生 reform 改革 assess 评估 refuse 拒绝 deserve 应得；值得 regain 再次得到 attract 吸引 register 登记 bite 咬 release 释放 blame 责备 rent v. 租用 n.租金 block v. 阻碍n.大块;街区 replace 代替 v.轰鸣; 迅速发展 boom request 请求 n. 激增，繁荣 bounce 弹起，弹跳 rescue 营救 breathe 呼吸 research 研究 brighten 照亮; (使)快活起来 respond 回应 broadcast 广播 retire 退休 bury 埋葬 review 复习;检查;评论 calculate 计算 revise 修改 v.参加运动 campaign reward 奖励; 回报;报酬 n.运动;活动; 战役 cancel 取消 encourage 鼓励 cause v. 造成;引起n.原因 roll 翻滚，滚动charge 要价;指控;负责;充电 extend 延伸 chatted 闲聊 sacrifice 牺牲 cheat 欺骗; 作弊 scan 扫描 check 检查 scream 尖叫 combine 结合 explain 解释 favor 赞成; 喜爱 select 选择;挑选 communicate 沟通 settle 解决;定居 compete 竞争 shake 摇动;抖动 complain 抱怨 shoot 射击；拍摄 complete 完成 sob 抽噎 concern 涉及; 让(某人)担忧 specialize 专门从事 conclude 得出结论 spin 旋转 conduct 组织;安排 spread 传播 confirm 确认 squeeze 挤压 consider 考虑 starve 饿死 v.陈述;说明 consume 消费 state n. 状态;情况;国家;州 contact 接触 step v.迈步;踩n.步伐;一步 v. 刺;戳;插入粘贴 contain 包含 stick n. 枝条 continue 持续 strengthen 加强 convey 传达 stress v.强调 n. 压力 convince 使确信;使相信;说服 stretch 伸展 cooperate 合作 study 学习;研究 fold 折叠 substitute 代替 cover v.遮盖n.覆盖物;封面 succeed 成功 crash 碰撞;倒闭;崩溃 summarize 总结 create 创造 sunburn 晒伤 damage 损害 supply 供给 dare 敢 survive 幸存 deal v.处理 n.大量;交易 sweep 打扫 debate 辩论 threaten 威胁 declare 公布;宣布 toast 干杯 decline 下降;拒绝 transfer 转移deepen 深化 transform 使改变形态 defeat 击败 translate 翻译 delay 延迟 transport 运输 deliver 递送;接生;做讲座 unfold 展开；打开 deny 否认 update 更新 depart 离开；起程 upgrade 升级 design 设计 vote 投票 despite 尽管 weigh 权衡 destroy 破坏 whisper 耳语 dig 挖掘 widen 拓宽 digest 消化；理解 wipe 擦 distinguish 区分 envy 嫉妒 distribute 分配 estimate 估计 disturb 打扰 evaluate 评价 dive 潜水 examine 检查 divide 分开，分散 exchange 交换 donate 捐赠 exhibit 展览 drag 拖，拉，拽 exist 存在 画；拖(动);拉(动)；吸 draw fasten 系牢 引，使感兴趣 三、高频核心动词知识点梳理 Group1 Adopt 一，变形：adopts; adopting; adopted; adopted; 二，词义：vt. 1)领养 adopt a child 2)采纳，接受（方法，态度） e.g. They adopted three ways to solve the problems. n. adoption 三， 形近词：adapt (to)调整；适应 advise 一，变形： advises; advising; advised; advised;二， 词义： Vt. 1）advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事； e.g. I advise you to make a negotiation with Professor. Smith. 2) advise doing sth. 建议做某事 e.g. I advise booking the hotel in advance. 三、拓展：1）n. (U)advice；a piece of advice; Consult 一，变形：consults; consulting; consulted; consulted; 二，词义：Vt. 1)咨询，请教 e.g. If you have problems, please consult your lawyer. 2) consult with sb. on/about sth.关于某事与某人商量 e.g. You should consult with your teachers on the courses. 3) 查阅，参看 e.g. Consult the manual on how to use it. n （C） consultant,. 顾问 三，近义： refer to查阅，参看 Occupy 一，变形：Occupies; occupying; occupied; 二，词义；vt.使从事；使忙碌；占有 1）使用，占用（时间,空间，面积等） e.g. occupy time 2）使从事；使忙于… Occupy sb./sth./ oneself (in doing sth) e.g. She occupies herself with many tasks. 3)占领；侵占 e.g. The city was occupied by the army. 三，近义： 1）占用时间：take up 2）使从事/忙于 engage in… 四，派生：occupation，n. (U)侵占/占领；(C)工作/职业； memorize 一，变形:memorizes; memorizing; memorized; memorized; 二，词义：记住，记忆 e.g. You should memorize the way to school. 三，派生：memory, n. (C)记忆，记性 Good /bad memory 记忆力好/不好；In memory of sb.纪念某人 e.g. We draw a picture in memory of our friendship. 拓展：ise=ize “使”；advertise; criticize; authorize Stick 一，变形：sticks；sticking; stuck; stuck; 二，词义：.1. 1)Vt.将…刺入；戳；插入；stick sth. in/into sth. e.g. The needle is stuck into my arm. 2)vt. 粘贴 e.g. I stuck the pictures into the album. 3)vi. 卡住;阻塞 e.g. The key has stuck in the hole. 4) stick at sth 坚持做某事； e.g. You have to stick at your plan. 5) stick out 显眼，引人注意； e.g. Your accent sticks out. 2. n. （C）枝条；棍子； Acquire 一，变形：acquires; acquiring; acquired; acquired; 二， 词义： vt.获得，得到(知识，名声) e.g. acquire knowledge/reputation 三， 近义：get； obtain 1）Get 收到；得到（不需要强调努力的过程） 2）Obtain 通过努力获得（信息，许可）obtain information/permission Instruct 一，变形： instructs; instructing; instructed; instructed 二，词义：Vt. 1）（fml））命令，指示； e.g. His boss instructs him to do it immediately. 2) 教授，传授（技能）； e.g. All the workers are instructed to learn English. 三， 近义: direct， command， order 1）Order(利用职位/权利)指挥，命令； 2）instruct（正式/官方方式）命令； 3）direct指正式发出指示、命令 4) command指利用权力命令派生：n. Instruction; instructive, adj. Weep一，变形：weeps; weeping; wept;wept; 三，词义： vi.1）（因悲伤）哭泣，流泪 e.g. weep for joy高兴得流泪； e.g. weep over one’s death 因某人过世而哭泣； 2） 流出；渗出； e.g. The water weeps out from the dirt. n. 哭泣；落泪； recommend建议，推荐 10. stress 一． 变形：stresses; stressing; stressed; stressed; 二，词义 Vt. 1）stress sth.重视；着重 e.g. stress the importance of education 2) stress out 使焦虑不安 e.g. Do not stress out when you are giving a speech. n.1） (U) 精神压力 e.g. suffer from stress有精神压力； e.g. cope with stress处理压力 2）（U）lay stress on…重视，强调 e.g. The teacher laid stress on homework. 三，近义：emphasize, vt. 11. urge. 一，变形 urges； urging; urged; urged 二， 词义Vt. 1) 催促某人做某事urge sb. to do sth. e.g. He urges the boy to walk fast. 2）强烈要求，极力推荐；urges sth, e.g. The situation urges immediate action. n. (C) 欲望，冲动 三，派生：urgent, adj.紧急的，迫切的 12. terrify 一，变形：terrifies ；terrifying： terrified： terrified 二，词义： Vt.使恐惧，恐吓 e.g. The dog terrifies the boy. 三．派生： 1） terrified, adj. 主语是人：terrifying, adj. 主语是物2） terrorist, n . （C）恐怖分子 三，拓展：-fy使…satisfy; intensify; gratify 13. swear 一，变形：swears： swearing： swore： sworn 二，词义： Vi. 1) ~ (at sb/sth) 咒骂；诅咒； e.g. She fell over and swore at others. 2) 郑重承诺；发誓要；表示决心要 e.g. I swear that I will past the test. 三，同义： curse, vi; n. (C) 诅咒；咒语 14. arrange 一，变形：arranges： arranging： arranged： arranged 二，词义：Vt. 1）安排，筹备； e.g. arrange a meeting; 2) 布置，整理；e.g. arrange the flowers in the vase; 派生：n. (C), arrangement 15. support 一，变形：supports： supporting： supported： supported 二，词义：Vt. 1) 鼓励，支持； e.g. Parents support their children. 2) 帮助，援助 e.g. He supports the poor. 3) 支撑 e.g. The board supports the baby.. n. （U）鼓励，资助； 三， 同义： help, n.(U) /vt.; encourage, vt. Encouragement, n. (C); 16. achieve 一，变形：achieves： achieving： achieved： achieved 二，词义： Vt. （凭长期努力）获得，达到（某目标、地位、标准） e.g. He finally achieved success. 三，同义：attain， vt. （通常经过努力）获得，得到; e.g. attain a licence 四，派生 achievement, n. (C) 成就，成绩； （U）完成e.g.a sense of achievement 17. grasp 一，变形：grasps： grasping： grasped： grasped 二，词义：Vt. 1) 抓紧；抓牢 e.g. He grasped my hand 2) 理解；领会；领悟； e.g. They failed to grasp the importance of education. 三，同义：hold on抓住，不松手； cling（用身体）紧抱； clutch（用手）抓紧； 18. announce 一，变形：announces： announcing： announced： announced 二，词义： Vt. 1) announce sth. to sb. 宣布，宣告（决定、计划等） 2）声称；宣称 e.g. She announces that she will give up smoking. n. announcement 三，近义辨析： 1）declare （fml）官方宣布：declare war 2）indicate (fml) 表明，暗示 3） announce 正式宣布计划；决定 19. mark 一，变形：marks： marking： marked： marked 二，词义： Vt. 1) mark A (with B) 做记号，做标记 e.g. Mark the goods with different pens. 2) 打分； e.g. The teachers have to mark students’ homework. n. (C) 分数，记号； 污点，疤痕； 三，同义：sign. N. (迹象，手势)；symbol（标志，象征） Group 2 1、prove verb 一、变形：过去式： proved 过去分词： proven 现在分词： proving 第三人称单数： proves 二、词义： 1）V-LINK 证明是；原来是；结果是 We have been accused of exaggerating before, but unfortunately all our reports proved to be true... 以前一直有人指责我们夸大事实，但遗憾的是，我们所有的报道都证明是真实的。 In the past this process of transition has often proven difficult. 过去这一过渡过程常常很艰难。 2）VERB 证明；证实You brought this charge. You prove it!... 你提出了这项控告。你拿出证据来！ The results prove that regulation of the salmon farming industry is inadequate. 结果证明对鲑鱼饲养行业的管理不够完善。 3）VERB 证明；显示 Margaret proved herself to be a good mother... 玛格丽特证明了自己是个好妈妈。 As a composer he proved himself adept at large dramatic forms... 身为作曲家的他证明了自己在创作大型戏剧 方面驾轻就熟。 4）PHRASE 证明自己的能力（或知识） They made a 3,000 mile detour simply to prove a point. 他们绕行3,000英里只是为了证明自己能够做到。 三、常用词组 prove out 成功：结果很好；成功 12、reward n./vt. 一、词义： 1、n. 复数： rewards 1) N-COUNT 奖励;奖赏 A bonus of up to 5 per cent can be added to a pupil's final exam marks as a reward for good spelling and grammar. 小学生期末考试的分数最多可以加5分，作为对其拼写和语法正确的奖励。 2) N-COUNT 报答;回报;酬谢 Potentially high financial rewards are attached to senior hospital posts. 当上医院的高级职员就有可能享受丰厚的经济报酬。 2、vt. 过去式： rewarded 过去分词： rewarded 现在分词： rewarding 第三人称单数： rewards 词义：奖赏;奖励;酬谢 Make the extra effort to impress the buyer and you will be rewarded with a quicker sale. 多用心去打动顾客，货物就会更快售出。 二、常用词组： to reward sb for sth因某事而奖励某人 People should be rewarded for special effort.格外出力的人应该受到奖励。 三、同义词辨析 award : 侧重指官方或经正式研究裁决后对有功者或竞赛优胜者所给予的奖励。 reward : 指对品德高尚和勤劳的人所给予的奖励。也可指为某事付酬金。 13、appearance n. 一、变形：复数： appearances 二、词义： 1）) 出现；显现 The prompt appearance of the police prevented trouble.警察的迅速出现防止了骚乱的发生。 2）外表；外貌，外观 She takes great care over her appearance.她很注重自己的外表。三、常用词组 1、keep up appearances （尤指为了掩饰真实情况而）维持门面，装门面，装体面 2、make (或 put in) an appearance尤指出于礼节而）短时间到场，露面，亮相 3、to (或 by) all appearances 就表面看来，就所能看到的情况而言 To all appearances, it had been a normal day. 四、同义词辨析 appearance, look, face,这些名词均含事物或人的"外表，容貌"之意。 appearance : 普通用词，着重由总体产生的印象。 look : 普通用词，多用复数，可与appearance换用，但较口语化。 face : 侧重指容貌。 appear v. 一、变形：过去式： appeared 过去分词： appeared 现在分词： appearing 第三人称单数： appears 二、词义： 1）出现, 显现,呈现 We expected him, but he never appeared. 我们等他, 他却一直没来。 2）好像;似乎;看来 The aircraft appears to have crashed near Katmandu.飞机似乎在加德满都附近坠毁了。 3）（书籍等）出版，发表，问世 I could hardly wait for 'Boys' World' to appear each month. 每个月我都翘首期盼着《男孩世界》的出版。 link-v. 显得, 似乎,看来 It appeared that he had a taste for music.看来他对音乐还有一定的鉴赏力。 15、figure n./v. 一、词义 1. n. 复数： figures 1)数字；位数 It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country haven't got a job. 如果我们能得到该国失业人口的真实数字就好了。 2) N-COUNT 人影;身影 She waited, standing on the bridge, until his figure vanished against the grey backdrop of the Palace. 她站在桥上，一直等到他的身影消失在宫殿灰色的阴影中。 3) N-COUNT 体形;身材 Take pride in your health and your figure.为自己的健康和体形感到骄傲吧。 4) 人物；雕像；塑像 Daniel Boone, the great hero figure of the frontier丹尼尔·布恩——西部伟大的英雄形象 2. v. 过去式： figured 过去分词： figured 现在分词： figuring 第三人称单数： figures 1）以为；推断；认为She figured that both she and Ned had learned a lot from the experience. 她认为自己和内德都从这一经历中学到了很多东西。 2）计算 I figured the total to be more than Jan made it.我算出的总数比简算出的多。 常用词组： 1、to figure sth out | to figure out sth 算出 Can you figure out the price per kilo for me? 你能帮我算算每千克的价格吗？ 2、to figure sth/sb out | to figure out sth/sb想出；理解；弄清 It took them about one month to figure out how to start the equipment.他们花了约一个月的时间才搞清楚如何启 动这一设备。 3、to figure sth up | to figure up sth 把…总计起来 Give me a minute to figure up how much you owe me.给我一分钟时间合计一下你欠我多少钱。 16、profit n./v. 一、词义： 1. n. 复数： profits 1) 利润；收益 You can improve your chances of profit by sensible planning.可以通过合理规划来提高盈利的可能性。 常用词组：to make a profit 盈利；获利 Despite the huge costs of setting it up, the exhibition made a profit.尽管展览举办费用高昂，但还是有所盈利。 2）获利；盈利to sell sth. at a profit 出售某物获利 I sold my shares in the company at a profit. 我卖掉了公司的股份，从中赚了一笔。 2. v. 过去式： profited 过去分词： profited 现在分词： profiting 第三人称单数： profits 1) 盈利；获取利润；赚钱 He has profited by selling his holdings to other investors.他将自己的股票卖给其他投资者，从中获利。 2) 得益（于）；对…有益；对…有好处 So far the French alliance had profited the rebels little.到目前为止叛军都没有从法国同盟那里获得什么好处。 profitable adj. 一、词义： 1) 盈利的；有利润的；赚钱的 Drug manufacturing is the most profitable business in America. 制药业是美国利润最丰厚的业务。 2）有利可图的；有益的；有用的 a profitable exchange of personnel and ideas 人员和思想的有益交流 17、campaign n./vi/一、词义： 1. n. 复数： campaigns 1) （为达到社会、政治或商业目的而进行的）运动，活动 Apacs has launched a campaign to improve the training of staff.雅拍公司开展了加强员工培训的活动。 常用词组： a campaign against sth. 反对…的运动 the campaign against public smoking反对在公共场所吸烟的运动 a campaign to get sth. done 促成某事的运动 a campaign to get the prisoners released一场争取囚犯获释的运动 2)（包括一系列战斗的）战役 a bombing campaign轮番轰炸 2. v. 过去式： campaigned 现在分词： campaigning 第三人称单数： campaigns 1) 发起运动；开展活动 They have been campaigning to improve the legal status of women.他们一直在为提高妇女的法律地位而奔走呼 号。 常用词组： to campaign for sth为…宣传呼吁 He campaigned for political reform.他宣传呼吁进行政治改革。 to campaign against sth宣传呼吁反对… The union has campaigned against the legislation.工会积极活动反对这一立法。 2）作战 The 10th Cavalry campaigned in the Southern Plains from 1867 to 1875. 第10骑兵部队于1867年到1875年间在南部平原作战。 二、同义词辨析 battle, war, campaign这些名词均有"战斗，战争"之意。 battle : 侧重指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗，也指陆军或海军在某一特定地区进行的战斗，或个 人之间的争斗。 war : 是战争的总称，一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争。 campaign : 通常指在一场大的战争中在某一地区进行的一连串有既定目的的军事行动。也可作引申用。 19、target n./v. 一、词义 1. n. 复数： targets 1）（袭击的）目标，对象，靶子 All the missiles hit the designated targets.所有导弹都击中了指定目标。 2）目的；目标 the park's annual target of 11 million visitors公园每年接纳1,100万游客的目标 常用词组：1. to set a target制订目标 2.to meet a target | to meet your target达到目标 3.to miss your target | to miss the target未达到目标 4. on target 击中要害的，准确的：完全准确的、精确的或有效的 observations that were right on target 2. v. 过去式： targeted过去分词： targeted 现在分词： targeting第三人称单数： targets 1) 攻击;批评;以…为攻击目标 He targets the economy as the root cause of the deteriorating law and order situation. 他抨击经济是治安状况不断恶化的根源。 2) 瞄准;面向;尽力吸引 The company has targeted adults as its primary customers. 这家公司将成年人作为其主要顾客。 20、burden n./v. 一、词义： 1. n. 复数： burdens 1) 重担；负担 The developing countries bear the burden of an enormous external debt. 发展中国家承受着巨大的外债负担。 词组：to be a burden to sb | to be a burden on sb成为某人的负担 She went into a nursing home so as not to be a burden on her family. 为了不成为家庭的负担，她进了养老院。 2）重负；负荷；负重 A vastly disproportionate burden falls on women for child care. 照料孩子的重担落在了女性身上。 2. v. 过去式： burdened 过去分词： burdened 现在分词： burdening 第三人称单数： burdens 1)加负荷于；使负担 They could bring more accountability to tourist operators and tourists without burdening the taxpayer too much. 他们可以让旅行社和游客承担更多责任，而不给纳税人过多的负担。 词组：to burden sb. with sth. 用…烦扰某人 I would not dream of burdening anyone with my problems. 我压根不想拿我的问题去烦扰任何人。 Group3 1、control verb, n. 一、词义：v. 过去式： controlled 过去分词： controlled 现在分词： controlling 第三人称单数： controls 1)控制, 抑制, 支配He tried to control me.他试图支配我。 I couldn't control myself, and I hit him.我气得不得了就打了他。 2)管理, 操纵 A captain controls his ship and its crew.船长管理他的船和船上的船员。 3)克制，约束 He controlled his anger and left the school.他压住怒火离开了学校。 4)核实；验证；检查 The accounts of the whole company are controlled in this department. 整个公司的账目都是由这个部门检查。 二、n. 1)控制, 支配, 管理 She argued for import control.她主张实行进口限制。 2)管理手段 She explained the controls of the washing machine.她解释了这台洗衣机的控制系统。 三、常用词组 1）in control（对形势、人或活动）能指挥的，能控制的 2）out of control失去控制 3）under control（危险，紧急情况）处于控制之下 eg：It took two hours to bring the blaze under control. 2、test noun, verb 一．词义：n. 1)测验 The candidate has passed all the tests.那个应试者已通过所有的考试。 2)化验 You'd better not eat anything before a blood test.在验血前你最好不要吃任何东西。 3)试验, 检验 Tests have shown that these new tyres are significantly safer.试验表明这些新的轮胎要安全得多。 4)考验 Obviously they were putting him to a severe test.显然他们是在给他以严峻的考验。 5)试验品, 试金石; 试验的手段 Employers will use this agreement as a test in dealing with future wage claims. 雇主们将这份协议当作处理未来加薪要求的判断准绳。 vt.1)测验, 考查, 检查, 检验 I'll test my judgement.我要考查一下自己的判断能力。 2)考验 Your patience is tested by time.时间将考验你的耐心。 vi.1)测得结果 He tested high in English, but low in Physics.他在英语测验中考了高分，但在物理测验中却考出低分。 2)进行试验；进行测验；测试鉴定(与for连用) He used different methods to test for allergies.他用不同的方法测定变态反应性。 二、常用词组 1）put someone/thing to the test 使经受考验；检验；试验 2）stand the test of time 经得起时间的考验（或检验等） 3)test the water 试探，摸底 三、同义词 examination, test, quiz, exam 这些名词均含"考试"之意。 examination : 通常指为检查学生知识或能力而举行的正式考试，有时也指临时考试。 test : 多指有具体目的的临时性考试或小考。 quiz : 指时间较短，随时进行的口头或书面的非正式测验。 exam系examination的缩略形式，口语用词，通俗。 3、admire v. 一、变形：过去式： admired 过去分词： admired 现在分词： admiring 第三人称单数： admires 二、词义： 1）赞赏; 钦佩; 仰慕 We admire his working so hard. 我们钦佩他工作努力。 2）称赞, 夸奖 Don't forget to admire the baby. 不要忘了夸奖那孩子。 3）〈美口〉想要, 喜欢 We would admire to hear. 我们喜欢听。 4、threaten v. 一、变形： 过去式： threatened 过去分词： threatened 现在分词： threatening 第三人称单数： threatens 二、词义： 1）恐吓, 威胁 They entreated and threatened, but all this seemed of no avail. 他们时而恳求, 时而威胁, 但这一切看来都没有用。 The boss threatened to fire her.老板威胁要开除她。 2）预示(某事) The black clouds threaten a storm.乌云预示暴风雨的来临。 四、词根 -en 后缀: -en 1. 表动词,"变成"; 2. 表形容词,"由……制成的",通常加在名词后面; 3. 表名词,"人或物"1. adj. 1)straiten 艰难的 strait海峡,困难+en变成→adj.艰难的 2)golden 金黄色的;贵重的,极好的 gold金+en由……制成的→adj.金黄色的;贵重的,极好的 3)oaken 橡木制的 oak橡树+en由……制成的→adj.橡木制的 4)waxen 蜡的,蜡制的 wax蜡+en由……制成的→adj.蜡的,蜡制的 2. n. 1)chicken 鸡肉;鸡,小鸡,小鸟 chick小鸡+en人或物→n.鸡肉;鸡,小鸡,小鸟 2)citizen 公民;市民,居民 city城市+en人或物→citizen 3)heathen 异教徒 heath荒野,树丛+en人或物→n.异教徒 4)kitten 小猫 kit=cat猫+en人或物→kitten 5)maiden 少女,处女 maid少女+en人或物→n.少女,处女 adj.未婚的,纯洁的,无经验的 3.v. 1)brighten [使]变亮,[使]愉快 bright明亮的+en变成→v.[使]变亮,[使]愉快 2)broaden 放宽,变阔 broad宽+en变成→v.放宽,变阔 3)dampen [使]潮湿,使沮丧,泼凉水 damp潮湿+en变成→v.[使]潮湿,使沮丧,泼凉水 4)darken [使]变黑[变暗] dark黑+en变成→v.[使]变黑[变暗] 5)frighten 使惊吓;惊恐 fright惊骇,吃惊+en变成→v.使惊吓;惊恐 6)hasten 催促 5、fear noun, verb 一、词义： 1、n. 1)害怕, 恐惧He couldn't move for fear.他害怕得动弹不得。 2)可能性 There is no fear of that happening.那事绝不可能发生。 2、vt. 过去式： feared 过去分词： feared 现在分词： fearing 第三人称单数： fears 1）畏惧, 害怕, 担心 He did not fear to die.他不怕死。 Experts fear that there will be new outbreak of the disease.专家们担心这种疾病会再度流行。 2）为…忧虑(或担心、焦虑) They feared the worst.他们担心会发生最坏的情况。 vi. 1）害怕, 忧虑 Never fear—I will hold your hand.别怕, 我会握住你的手。 二、常用词组 1）for fear of (或 that) 以免 No one dared refuse the order for fear of losing their job. 2）never fear［用来宽慰人］别害怕，别担心 We shall meet again, never fear. 3）no fear (英，非正式)［表断然否认或拒绝］绝不，当然不 ‘Are you coming with me?’ ‘No fear—it's too exciting here.’. 4）put the fear of God in (或 into) someone 恐吓 5）without fear or favour 公正地，公平地 三、同义词 alarm, fear, fright, horror, panic, terror, dread 这些名词均含"恐惧，惧怕，惊恐"之意。 alarm : 强调突然意识到有危险而产生的恐惧心理。 fear : 普通用词，侧重指面临危险或灾祸时内心所引起的恐惧心情。 fright : 通常指一阵突然的、令人震惊的短暂恐惧，有时含夸张意味。 horror : 侧重指因看到令人讨厌或危险的东西或情景而引起的厌恶情绪、极度恐惧心情或战栗的动作。 panic : 常指因突如其来的外界威胁使人群出现惊慌、恐惧或混乱。 terror : 指极大的恐惧和惊骇，语气最强。 dread : 可与fear换用，着重害怕的心理，但dread常指胆怯和丧失勇气。 6、opportunity n. 复数： opportunities 一、词义 1)机会, 时机 Good luck is when an opportunity comes along and you're prepared for it. 好运就是当机会来临时，你早已做好 了准备。 二、常用搭配 opportunity knocks 成功的机会来了三、同义词 chance, opportunity, occasion 这些名词均含"机会"之意。 chance : 侧重指偶然或意外的机会，有时也指正常或好的机会。 opportunity : 侧重指有利或适合于采取行动，以达到某一目的或实现某种愿望的最佳时机或机会。 occasion : 指特殊时机或良机，也指时节。 comment noun, verb 一、词义： 1、n. 复数： comments 1）评论;意见 He made his comments at a news conference in Amsterdam... 他在阿姆斯特丹的记者招待会上发表了意见。 I was wondering whether you had any comments about that?... 请问您对此有何见解？ 2）N-SING (通常是不好的事的)体现，写照 He argues that family problems are typically a comment on some unresolved issues in the family. 他认为各种家庭问题通常都反映出家庭内部存在一些有待解决的矛盾 3）无可奉告(通常用于回答记者的提问) No comment. I don't know anything. 无可奉告。我什么都不知道。 2、v. 过去式： commented 过去分词： commented 现在分词： commenting 第三人称单数： comments 1）发表意见;作出评论 So far, Mr Cook has not commented on these reports... 到目前为止，库克先生仍未就这些报道发表评论。 Stratford police refuse to comment on whether anyone has been arrested...斯特拉福德警方拒绝对是否已有人被 捕一事发表任何评论。 二、词组搭配 no comment 无可奉告 17、apology n. 复数： apologies 一、词义： 1）道歉；认错；愧疚的表示 We received a letter of apology.我们收到了一封致歉信。 2）（表示或作出）道歉His mother offered her apologies to the Jones family. 他的母亲向琼斯一家赔了不是。 二、常用词组 make apologies to | offer apologies to 向…道歉 In Chinese culture, people make apologies to others by pouring them tea as a sign of regret or submission. 在中国文化里，人们用倒茶的方式向他人道歉，表示悔意或谦恭。 apologize vi. 变形：过去式： apologized 过去分词： apologized 现在分词： apologizing 第三人称单数： apologizes 词义：~ for道歉；认错Two years ago, Congress formally apologized for the internment... 两年前，国会就此拘留事件正式道歉。 I apologize for being late... 我为自己的迟到致歉。 7、celebrate v. celebrated celebrated celebrating celebrates vt. 祝贺 His victory was celebrated with music and dancing.人们载歌载舞祝贺他的胜利。 vi. 庆祝 I was in a mood to celebrate.我想庆祝一下。 celebrate with sb. for sth. But I want to celebrate with you for your success. 我想要跟你一起庆祝！ 派生词： celebration n. 庆典,庆祝会 I can tell you, there was a celebration in our house that night. 跟你说吧，那天晚上我们在家里搞了个庆祝活动。 celebrated adj. 著名的；有名望的 He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England. 他很快就跻身于英国最著名的青年画家行列。 8、gift n./vt. n. 1) 礼物；礼品 They believed the unborn child was a gift from God. 他们认为腹中的孩子是上帝赐予的礼物。 2) 天赋；天才；才能 Her grandmother had the gift of making people happy. 她奶奶有逗人开心的本事。 v. 赠送 to gift sth to sb.= to gift sb sth赠送某人某物 I suggest he simply gifts the flat to his daughter.=I suggest he simply gifts his daughter the flat. 我建议他直接把公寓赠送给他女儿得了。 派生词：gifted adj.有天赋的；有才华的 Sun Yang is one of the most gifted players in the world.孙杨世界上最有天赋的运动员之一。 9、cycle n./vi./vt. 1)n. 循环；周而复始 They must break out of the cycle of violence.他们必须打破暴力循环。 2)周期 Women have a monthly cycle of temperature variation.女性有一个体温变化的月周期。 3) 自行车；三轮车 He got back on his cycle and sped home.他踏着自行车快速奔向家去。 vi. 骑自行车；骑三轮车 Over 1,000 riders cycled 100 miles around the Vale of York. 一千多人围着约克谷地骑行了100英里。vt.使轮转；使循环 He cycled to Beijing. 他骑车去了北京。 11、invite vt./n. vt. 1)邀请 I invited her for a coffee.我邀请她喝了杯咖啡。 2) 请求，要求 to invite sb to do sth请求某人做某事；要求某人做某事 Managers will be invited to apply for a management buy-out.经理们将被请求申请管理层收购。 n. 邀请；请帖 They haven't got an invite to the wedding.他们没有收到婚礼请帖。 invitation 复数： invitations 1)邀请 The Syrians have not yet accepted an invitation to attend. 叙利亚人还没有接到出席邀请。 2) 诱因;招致…的行为 Don't leave your shopping on the back seat of your car — it's an open invitation to a thief. 别把买的东西放在汽车后座上——那会招来小偷的。 comfort n./vt. n. 复数： comforts 1）舒适;舒服 This will enable the audience to sit in comfort while watching the shows.这样能够让观众舒舒服服地坐着看表演。 2）安慰;慰藉 He will be able to take some comfort from inflation figures due on Friday. 预定星期五发布的通货膨胀数字将会给他一些宽慰。 vt. 安慰;抚慰 Ned put his arm around her, trying to comfort her. 内德搂着她，想安慰她。 comfortable adj. 1）舒适的；安逸的 Trainers are so comfortable to wear.运动鞋穿起来真舒适。 2）自在的；放心的；不紧张的 to be comfortable about sth | to be comfortable with sth对…很放心；对…感到舒服 Nervous politicians might well feel more comfortable with/about a step-by-step approach. 神经脆弱的政治家当然更希望采用按部就班的做法。 Group4 1、sense n./vt.一、变形： sensed sensed sensing senses 二、词义： 1）N-COUNT 感觉官能(即视觉、嗅觉、听觉、触觉、味觉) She stared at him again, unable to believe the evidence of her senses.她再度盯着他看，无法相信自己的眼睛和 耳朵。 2）VERB 感觉到;觉察到;意识到 She probably sensed that I wasn't telling her the whole story...她可能意识到了我并没有对她全盘托出。 三、常用词组 A sense of …的感觉 make sense 有意义；讲得通；言之有理 sense of responsibility 责任感，责任心 四、派生词 Sensible adj. 明智的；明显的；意识到的；通晓事理的 The sensible thing is to leave them alone.明智的做法是不理他们。 doubt n./vt./vi 一、变形：复数： doubts 过去式： doubted 过去分词： doubted 现在分词： doubting 第三人称单数： doubts 二、词义 1）N-VAR 怀疑;疑虑 I had my doubts when she started, but she's getting really good... 她刚开始做时我心存疑虑，但她真的做得很好。 2）VERB 不能肯定;认为…未必可能；怀疑（某事物的真实性）；怀疑，不相信（某人或某人的话） He doubted if he would learn anything new from Marie. 他认为他不太可能从玛丽那儿学到任何新东西。 Nobody that I spoke to doubted his sincerity as a politician. 和我谈过话的人中没有一个怀疑他作为一个政治家 的诚意。 I still have no reason to doubt his word. 我还是没有理由怀疑他的话。 三、常用词组 there is no doubt that 毫无疑问 And there is no doubt that in these books you see these men at their best. 而且毫无疑问，在这些书里，你可以看到这些人正处于他们的最佳状态 四、派生词 Doubtful adj.难以预测的； 难以预料的，未定局的；怀疑的，拿不准的；不明不白 1）ADJ-GRADED 未必的;不大可能的；怀疑的;疑惑的;拿不定主意的 It is doubtful whether Tweed, even with his fluent French, passed for one of the locals... 尽管特威德能说一口流利的法语，他是否能被当作当地人还很难说。 I was still very doubtful about the chances for success... 我对能否成功仍然深表怀疑。5、view n./vt. 一、变形：复数：views 过去式：viewed 过去分词：viewed 现在分词：viewing 第三人称单数：views 二、词义 1）N-COUNT 观点;看法;见解;态度；景观;景色;风景;(尤指）美景 Washington and Moscow are believed to have similar views on Kashmir. 据信华盛顿和莫斯科在克什米尔问题上的看法相似。 Each of the rooms has a superb view of Pissouri Bay. 每个房间都能将皮苏里湾的美景尽收眼底。 2）N-SING （对某一问题的）看法，考虑，思量 The drama takes an idealistic, even a naive view of the subject... 这部戏在对待这一主题上有些理想化，甚至是 天真。 3）VERB 考虑;看待 Abigail's mother Linda views her daughter's talent with a mixture of pride and worry... 阿比盖尔的母亲琳达带着一种又骄傲又担忧的复杂情绪看待女儿的才华。 三、常用词组 in view of adv. 鉴于；考虑到 In view of all of these factors, we can get the conclusion: young should choose his job according to his interest. 考虑到所有这些因素，我们能得出这样的结论：年轻人应该根据自己的兴趣来选择职业。 四、派生词 Viewpoint n. 观点，意见，角度； 视角； <物>视点； N-COUNT 观点;看法；角度；视角;角度；观察点 The novel is shown from the girl's viewpoint...这部小说是从这个女孩的视角来叙述的 You have to know where to stand for a good viewpoint.你得知道站在哪里观察角度比较理想。 calm adj./vt./vi./n./ 一、变形：复数： calms 过去式： calmed 过去分词： calmed 现在分词： calming 第三人称单数： calms 二、词义 1）ADJ-GRADED 镇定的;镇静的;冷静的；平静的;安定的 She is usually a calm and diplomatic woman.她通常沉着而老练。 The city of Sarajevo appears relatively calm today. 萨拉热窝城今天显得相对平静些。 2）VERB 使平静;使安静;使镇定；平定;使安定;使有秩序 Tranquilliser drugs were used to calm the deportees.使用了镇静剂来让被放逐者们安静下来。 Officials hoped admitting fewer foreigners would calm the situation. 官员们希望通过减少外国人入境的数量来 使局势平定下来。 3）N-UNCOUNT 平静;安静;宁静；(帆船比赛中的)静风,风平浪静 ...the rural calm of Grand Rapids, Michigan. 密歇根州大急流城田园般的宁静。 We had the whole gamut of wind from a dead calm to a force 10 gale. 我们这里什么风都有,从风平浪静到十级 大风。三、常用词组 calm down 平静下来；镇定下来 四、派生词 Calmly adv. 冷静地；平静地；安静地； calmness n. 冷静，镇静；平静，安宁； Most people do not understand, so they try to find calmness, but without success. 大多数人不懂这个，所以他们虽然想要寻求平静，但都不成功。 respond vt./vi. 1)vt. responded responded ponding responds 回复；回答 She responded scornfully.她不屑地回答道。 2)vi. ①回复；回答 respond to sb/sth 回复… It seems likely that Wiseman was responding to a letter written prior to Smith's death. 似乎怀斯曼正在回复一封在史密斯去世之前写的信。 ②回应；响应；作出反应 to respond with sth 以…回应 The army responded with gunfire and tear gas.部队开火并喷射催泪瓦斯予以回击。 responsible 负责的，可靠的；有责任的 responsive 响应的；应答的；回答的 At hearing his name spoken, the dog gave a responsive wag of his tail. 听到有人喊它的名字，这条狗摆了摆尾巴。 promise vt./vi./n. 1)vt. promised promised promising promises ①保证；允诺；答应 The leaders have promised a return to full democracy.领导人已经承诺要回归完全的民主。 to promise to do sth 答应做某事 I promised to take my children to the funfair on Saturday.我答应周六带孩子们去游乐场。 to promise sb (that)... 向某人保证… He promised his mother that he would write.他向妈妈保证说会写信。 ②将…许配；为…订婚 to be promised to sb被许配给某人；与某人订婚 I'm promised to Bill.我和比尔订了婚。 ③答应给予；承诺给予；保证让…得到 to promise sth to sb | to promise sb sth 答应给某人某物 I've promised this picture to my son.我已经答应把这幅画送给我的儿子。 2）vi. 有可能；有指望；有前途 to promise to be sth 可能是…；有希望是…The seminar also promises to be most instructive.这次研讨会可能会颇具启发性。 3)n. 复数： promises 诺言；承诺；保证 to make a promise 许下诺言 If you make a promise, you should keep it.如果做出了承诺，就应该遵守。 to make sb a promise向某人保证 He made me a promise.他向我保证过的。 to make a promise to do sth保证去做某事 He made a promise never to do it again.他保证再也不这么做了。 to break a promise违背诺言 It wasn't the first time he'd broken a promise not to get drunk.这不是他第一次违背不喝醉酒的诺言了。 to keep your promise遵守诺言 She kept her promise and never said another word about it.她遵守诺言，再也没有提及此事。 export n./vi./vt. 1)n. 复数： exports ①出口；输出 for export为了出口 They grow cotton and bananas for export.他们种植棉花和香蕉以供出口。 2)vt. exported exported exporting exports ①出口；输出 Africa is exporting beef to Europe.非洲在向欧洲出口牛肉。 ②传播（抽象意义） Europeans now export their values to all parts of the world. 欧洲人现在把他们的价值观念传播到了世界各个角落。 3）vi. 出口；输出物资 To earn foreign exchange we must export.要想获得外汇，我们必须出口。 反义词： import n./vt. 进口 vi.具有重要性 1)n. 复数： imports ①进口的货物；输入的劳务 farmers protesting about cheap imports反对廉价进口商品的农民 ②意义；重要性 Who leads Canada is also of some import to the rest of the world. 由谁来领导加拿大对世界上的其他国家也具有重大意义。 2) vt. imported imported importing imports ①进口；输入Even the smallest piece of machinery is imported.甚至连最小的机器也是进口的。 ②导入 You can import files from Microsoft Word or MacWrite. 你可以从微软Word（文字处理软件） 或苹果MacWrite（文字编辑软件）导入文件。 We import an incredible amount of cheese from the Continent. 我们从欧洲大陆进口数量惊人的奶酪。 Group6 produce vt./n. 1)vt. produced produced producing produces ①出产；生产，发；产生 The field produces a third of the nation's oil. 该油田生产该国三分之一的石油。 ②产生；生成，做；烹调 to produce seed 结籽 These plants are then pollinated and allowed to mature and produce seed.然后，这些植物就被授粉，从而成熟结 籽。 ③生产；制造 The company produces components for the aerospace industry.该公司为航空航天业生产元器件。 2) n. （统称）农产品 We manage to get most of our produce in Britain.我们设法在英国搞到了大部分农产品。 product n. 产品；制品 Try to get the best product at the lowest price.尽量以最低的价格买到最好的产品。 production n. 复数： productions 1)产生；形成；生成 These proteins stimulate the production of blood cells.这些蛋白质刺激血细胞的产生。 2) 产量；生产率 Industrial production has fallen by 20% over two years.两年来，工业生产下降了20%。 同义词辨析： produce, product, production 这些名词均含有"产品，制品"之意。 produce : 多指农产品(尤指蔬菜水果等)。 product : 一般指工业产品，也可泛指各种各样的产品。 production : 含义广泛，不同场合有不同的意思，可表示"产品，产物"，尤指人类智力或艺术劳动的产品。 protect v.保护；投保 to protect sb/sth from/against sth 保护…免受… She had his umbrella to protect her from the rain.她有他的伞来挡雨。 to protect sb from sb 保护某人不受某人的伤害It sought an injunction in order to protect women from this man.它寻求禁制令以保护女人免受这个男人的伤害。 名词protection n. 复数： protections 1) 保护；防护 protection from sth | protection against sth 针对…的保护；针对…的防护 The diet may offer protection against cancer.这种膳食可以抗癌。 2) be under sb's protection 处于某人的保护之下 I placed myself under his protection.我将自己置于他的保护之下。 3) 保险范围；承保范围 The new policy is believed to be the first scheme to offer protection against an illness. 这份新保险单被认为是首个承保疾病风险的保险方案。 动词加-tion变成名词： 1）动词本身以t结尾： +ion attraction action connection invention 2)以te结尾的动词，去e再加-ion pullute-pollution donate-donation educate-education operate-operation 3）元音+辅音+e结尾的动词去e再加-ation invite-invitation organize-organization realize-realization guide 一、词义：noun. verb 复数guides 1）指南；手册 ~ to sth. eg： a guide to Family Health. 家庭健康指南。 2）导游；向导 tour guide 3）指导者；指引者 a spiritual ~ 神修指导者 4）有指导意义的事务；指导的事务 eg：I let my feelings be my guide.我是跟着感觉走。 v. 过去式 guided 过去分词guided 现在分词guiding 1)指路 ~sb. to/through/around sth. 给某人领路 eg：He took the bewildered Elliott by the arm and guided him out. 他抓着不知所措的埃利奥特的胳膊，把他带了出来。 2)影响行为 eg：He was always guided by his religious beliefs.他的言行总是以自己的宗教信仰为依归。 3)阐明 ~ sb. through sth. 向某人阐明 eg: The health and safety officer will guide you through the safety procedures. 卫生安全官员将向你把安全规程解释一遍。 二、派生词： guiding 给予指导的；有影响的guideway 导槽；导轨；导路 guideline 指导方针；指导原则；行动纲领；准则 deliver verb 一、变形： 过去式： delivered 过去分词： delivered 现在分词： delivering 第三人称单数: delivers 二、词义： 1)递交；传递；交付；运载 ~ sth. to sb./ sth. Eg: I have orders to deliver it to Mr. Demiris personally. 我奉命要把它送给德米里斯先生本人。 2)发表；宣布；发布 ~ a speech/ lecture 发表演讲 3）~ on sth. 履行诺言；兑现 Eg: If you can’t deliver improved sales figures, you are fired. 如果你不能按照要求提高销售额，就会被解雇。 4)交出；移交 ~ sb./ sth. (up/over) (to sb.) Eg: They delivered their prisoner over to the invading army.他们把俘虏交给了侵略军。 5）助产；接生 ~ a baby 6）投掷；把……瞄准；用……对准 Eg: He delivered the blow with all his force.他打这一下使出了全身力气。 7) ~ sb. from sth. 解救；拯救；使摆脱 三、派生词： delivery n. 传递；交付 deliverable noun [usually pl.] 应交付的产品 deliverance ~ from sth. 解救；拯救；解脱 8、wrap verb，noun 一、词义：Verb. 过去式： wrapped 过去分词： wrapped 现在分词： wrapping 第三人称单数： wraps 1)~ sth. (up) (in sth.) 包，裹（礼物等） Eg：Diana is taking the opportunity to wrap up the family presents. 黛安娜利用这个机会将家人的礼物包起来。 2)~ A (up) in B| ~ B round/around A 用……包裹（或包扎、覆盖等） Eg：I wrapped the baby (up) in a blanket.我用毯子把婴儿裹了起来。 3)~ sth. around/ round sth./sb. 用……缠绕（或围紧） Eg：A scarf was wrapped around his neck.他的脖子上围着一条围巾。 4)~ sth. around/ round （使文字）换行 Eg：The text wraps around if it is too long to fit the screen.如果文本太长，在显示屏放不下的话，会自动换行。 二、经典搭配 be wrapped up in sb./sth. 专心致志于；全神贯注于 wrap up| wrap it up（slang） 住口；闭嘴；别再捣乱 wrap up| wrap sb./yourself up （使）穿得暖和点wrap sth. up (informal) 圆满完成；顺利结束（协议或会议等） eg：That just about wraps it up for today.这就差不多给今天画了个圆满的句号。 三、noun 复数： wraps 1）【C】（女用）围巾，披肩 2）【U】包裹（或包装）材料 3）【sing.】(拍摄电影时)完成拍摄，停机 eg：Cut! That’s a wrap.停！就拍摄到这儿。 4）【C】墨西哥卷（用冻玉米薄饼裹肉或蔬菜而成的三明治） 经典搭配： under wraps （informal）保密，隐藏 eg: Next year’s collection is still being kept under wraps.明年的时装系列仍在保密之中。 四、派生词 wrapped adj. 极高兴的；十分满意的 wrapper n. 包装纸，包装塑料 operate 运转；操作；使用；动手术 ~ on sb. for sth. operation noun 一、词义：复数~s 1）【C】手术 ~ on sb. for sth. |~ to do sth. 2）【C】（有组织的）活动，行动 eg： a security ~ 安全行动 3) 【包括许多部分的】企业，公司 eg： a huge multinational ~ 庞大的跨国公司 4）【C，U】运算，运作 二、常用搭配： in ~ 工作中；使用中；有效 come into ~ 开始工作；开始生效 put sth. into ~ 实施；启用 三、派生词 operational adj. 操作的，运转的 Group7 Abuse 一，变形：abuses; abusing; abused; abused; 二，词义；n.(U) 滥用，虐待、辱骂 1）滥用 e.g. alcohol abuse 2）虐待 e.g. child abuse3) 辱骂(u) e.g. a torrent of abuse 一通臭骂 vt. 滥用，虐待、辱骂 1）滥用 e.g. She abused her position by giving jobs to her friends. 2）虐待 e.g. All the children had been physically abused. 3) 辱骂 e.g. The referee had been threatened and abused. 三，近义：insult, 谩骂，侮辱n. (c),; vt. Insult sb. 四，派生：abuser，n. 滥用者；虐待者； Desire 变形：desires; desiring; desired; desired; 二，词义；n.（C） 愿望，渴望，欲望 e.g. a strong desire for power. vt. Desire to do sth.愿望，渴望，欲望（不用于进行时） e.g. We all desire health and happiness. 三，近义： 1）ambition， n. 野心： 四，派生：desirable, adj.渴望的;值得做的； undesirable，adj.,不可取的，不想要的 Process 变形：processes;（复数） 二，词义；n. 过程，程序 e.g. I'm afraid getting things changed will be a slow process. Vt. 1）加工，处理 e.g. The food is processed carefully. 2) 审核，审阅 e.g. The application should be processed quickly. 三，派生：processing n. 过程；进程： Whisper 变形：whispers; whispering; whispered; whispered 二，词义；n.(C) 耳语，私语 e.g. They spoke in whispers. vt/vi. 耳语，私语 e.g. He whispered to me that he was afraid. e.g. She leaned over and whispered something in his ear.三，近义：murmur, (C), n./vt. （私下）发怨言，牢骚，自言自语 Function 变形：functions; functioning; functioned; 二，词义；n. (C), 功能，作用 e.g. The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body. vi. 运转 e.g. Despite the power cuts, the hospital continued to function normally. 三，近义： 1）operate， vi. 运转：vt. 操作 四，派生：functional, adj. Lie 变形：lies; lying; （一过））lay; lied; (过分lied；lain;) 二，词义；n. （C）谎言，谎话 e.g. The whole story is nothing but a pack of lies. e.g. white lies善意的谎言 vi. 撒谎 （lies; lying; lied; lied） ~ (to sb) (about sth) e.g. Don't lie to me about your age. vi. 躺， （lay; lain）,躺下（lie down） e.g. The cat was lying fast asleep by the fire. vi. 存在于 e.g. The problems lie in deciding when to start.. serve 一，变形：serves： serving： served： served 二，词义 Vt.1) ~ sth (with sth) | ~ sth (to sb) | ~ sb sth （给某人）提供；端上 e.g. The delegates were served with a wonderful meal. 2) ~ sb (with sth)（向某地或某一群体）供应，提供 e.g. The centre will serve the whole community. 3) ~ (as sth)任期为；担任（职务） ] She was elected to serve as secretary of the local party. 三，派生：1）service，n.服务2) servant, n. 仆人 12. signal， 一，词义： n. 1) 信号；暗号 a danger/warning/distress etc. signal 2) （尤指铁路和公路上的）指示灯，信号灯，红绿灯traffic signals交通信号灯 Suffer 一，变形： suffers; suffering; suffered; 二，词义；vt./ vi. 经历，遭受 suffer from e.g. He made a rash decision and now he is suffering for it. e.g. He suffered from punishment because of his violation. 四，派生： suffering n. 苦难，痛苦 Operate 一，变形： operates; operating; operated; 二，词义； v. 运转；操作 1） 运转 vi. e.g. Solar panels can only operate in sunlight. 2） 操作 vt. e.g. What skills are needed to operate this machinery?. 三，近义： 1）function， vi. 正常运作，起作用； 2）work， vi. 运转；操作 四，派生：operation Experiment 一，变形：experiments（复数）; experiments（三单）; experimenting; experimented; 二，词义；n. 实验 e.g. carry out~ e.g. Many people do not like the idea of experiments on animals. v. 实验 e.g. Some people feel that experimenting on animals is wrong. 三，近义： 1） test n. 试验，测试 Inform 一，变形：informs; informing; informed; 二，词义；vt. 通知；告诉 ~ sb (of/about sth) e.g. Please inform us of any changes of address. e.g. keep sb. informed Relate 一，变形：relates；relating；related 二，词义；vi. 有关；涉及 relate to sth/sb e.g. The second paragraph relates to the situation in Scotland. 四，派生： 1） Relation ， n. 关系，联系；2） Relationship，n. 关系； 3） Relative， adj. 相关的；n. 亲戚； Tolerate 一，变形：tolerates；tolerating；tolerated 二，词义；vt. 容忍，忍受 e.g. There is a limit to what one person can tolerate. 三，近义： 1）bear， vt. 忍受，忍耐； 2）endure， vt.[正式] 忍受，忍耐； 3）stand， vt. 经受，忍受； 四，派生：tolerant , adj. Ignore 一，变形：ignores; ignoring; ignored; 二，词义；vt. 忽视；不理睬 1） 忽视 e.g. He ignored all the ‘No Smoking’ signs and lit up a cigarette. 2） 不理睬 e.g. She ignored him and carried on with her work. 四，派生：be ignorant of Addict 一，变形： addicts（三单）；addicting；addicted 二，词义；vi. 使沉溺 ，对..上瘾be addicted to e.g. She is addicted to music. 四，派生：addiction Retire 一，变形：retires；retiring；retired 二，词义；vi. 退休，就寝 e.g. He will retire from the army next year. 四，派生：Retirement Complete 一，变形：completes；completing；completed 二，词义；vt. 完成，结束 adj.完全的，完整的 e.g. Her pride drove her to complete the job. adj.完全的，完整的 e.g. a complete guide to events in Oxford 三、近义： 1) finish v. 完成，结束2） end v. 结束 四、派生： Concern 一，变形：concerns（三单）; concerns（复数）; concerning; concerned; 二，词义；v. 使担心，关心 e.g. What concerns me is our lack of preparation for the change. n. 担心，忧虑 e.g. There is growing concern about violence on television. 三，近义： 1）care， n. 忧虑，烦恼； 2）worry， n. 担忧，忧虑； 四，派生： concerned ,adj. Sacrifice 一，变形：sacrifices（复数）; sacrifices（三单）; sacrificing；sacrificed 二，词义；n. 牺牲 e.g. Her parents made sacrifices so that she could enjoy wonderful education. vt. 牺牲 e.g. She sacrificed everything for her children. Recognize 变形：recognizes; recognizing; recognized; 二，词义；vt. 认出，识别，认可 1） 认出，识别 e.g. They recognized the need to take the problem seriously. 2） 认可 e.g. The UK has refused to recognize the new regime. 三，近义： 1） know v. 认出 四，派生： recognition n. 认出，识别，认可 Encourage 变形：encourages; encouraging; encouraged; 二，词义； v. 鼓励 ~ sb. to do sth. e.g. My parents have always encouraged me in my choice of career. 三，近义： 1）inspire v. 鼓舞，激励 四，派生： 1）encouragement n. 鼓励 2）discourage v. 使泄气，阻止Group8 assess v. 一、变形：assesses, assessed, assessed, assessing 二、词义： 1)评估 e.g. The test was to assess aptitude rather than academic achievement. 该测试将评估能力而不是学业成绩。 2)计算; 估算 e.g. Ask them to send you information on how to assess the value of your belongings. 叫他们把如何估算你的财产价值的资料寄给你。 三、派生词 adj. assessable 可估价的；可评价的；可征收的；可征税的 n. assessment 评定；估价 assessor 评审员；确定税款的人；顾问 7. possess v. 一、变形：possesses, possessed, possessed, possessing 二、词义： 1)拥有 e.g. He was then arrested and charged with possessing an offensive weapon.他之后被逮捕了并被指控拥有攻击 性武器。 三、常用词组 1)possess of e.g. I consider that everyone would like to experience and possess of happiness. But one person is different from the other so they have different feeling on happiness. 我想，世界上所有的人都想经历和拥有幸福。只是不同的人对幸福有着不同的追求和向往，幸福感也各有 不同。 四、辨析 have, hold, possess, own, enjoy, keep这组词都有“有，具有，持有”的意思，其区别是： have：最常用词，可指任何情况下的具有，无论是物质的或精神的。 hold：指拥有并保持财产及持有见解等，暗示不让别人拿走或占有。 possess：较正式，指拥有或占有并能加以控制与支配，强调其归属；也指具有某种品质、才能、特点或性 能等。 own:不及本组的possess正式，多指所属关系，强调所有权，不管所属物是否在物主手中。 enjoy: 指享有某种权利或长处，带有欣赏或喜爱的情感。keep：指长时间地保有，保存某物，防止别人占去，强调安全和感情上的依附 五、派生词 adj. possessive 占有的；所有的；所有格的；占有欲强的 n. possession 拥有；财产；领地；自制；着迷 possessor持有人 9. enrich v. 一、变形：enriches, enriched, enriched, enriching 二、词义： 1)充实; 丰富 e.g. It is important to enrich the soil prior to planting.栽种之前给土壤施肥很重要。 2)使富裕 e.g. He will drain, rather than enrich, the country.他将耗尽而不是增加国家的财富。 三、同义词 fertilize vt. 使充实；使肥沃；使富足 四、派生词 n. enrichment 丰富；改进；肥沃；发财致富 10. approve v. 一、变形：approves, approved, approved, approving 二、词义： 1)赞成；同意 approve of e.g. I told my mother I wanted to leave school but she didn't approve of my idea. 我告诉母亲我不想继续上学，但是母亲不同意我的想法。 2)批准，通过 e.g. The committee unanimously approved the plan.委员会一致通过了计划。 三、辨析 approve, sanction, confirm这组词都有“批准”的意思，其区别是： approve：普通用词，常指正式的或官方的批准。 sanction：语气最强，多指官方的同意或批准，是书面用词。 confirm：强调按法律程序提请确认或批准。 四、派生词 adj. approved 被认可的；经过检验的 n. approval 批准；认可；赞成 approver 批准者；承认者，赞成者12. suspect v./n. 一、变形：suspects, suspected, suspected, suspecting 二、词义： 1)怀疑 e.g. He suspected that the woman staying in the flat above was using heroin.他怀疑住在楼上公寓里的那位女子 在吸食海洛因。 2)觉得 e.g. The above complaints are, I suspect, just the tip of the iceberg.上述的这些抱怨，我觉得，不过是冰山的一 角。 N-COUNT 嫌疑犯 e.g. Police have arrested a suspect in a series of killings in the city.警方逮捕了该城市一系列杀人案件中的一名 嫌疑犯。 Adj. 可疑的 e.g. Delegates evacuated the building when a suspect package was found.一个可疑包裹被发现后，代表们撤离了 这栋大楼。 三、辨析 doubt, suspect, distrust这组词都有“怀疑”的意思，其区别是： doubt:普通用词，多指因证据不足或仅凭证据还不能肯定而产生怀疑，多含否定意味。 suspect:指猜疑、疑心，肯定意味较多。 distrust:指疑惑、猜疑，不信任。 四、派生词 adj. suspected 有嫌疑的 suspensive 暂停的；悬而不决的；可疑的；暧昧的 13. embarrass v. 一、变形：embarrasses, embarrassed, embarrassed, embarrassing 二、词义： 1)使…尴尬 e.g. Her questions about my private life embarrassed me.她询问我的私生活使我感到很尴尬。 2)使…陷入麻烦 e.g. The speech was deliberately designed to embarrass the prime minister.这个发言是故意为难首相。 三、派生词 adj.embarrassed 尴尬的；窘迫的embarrassing 使人尴尬的；令人为难的 n. embarrassment 窘迫，难堪；使人为难的人或事物；拮据 15. pursue v. 一、变形：pursues, pursued, pursued, pursuing,二、词义： 1)追求, 努力实现 e.g. He will pursue a trade policy that protects workers. 他将努力实行保护工人的贸易政策。 2)执行; 贯彻 e.g. He said Japan would continue to pursue the policies laid down at the London summit. 他说日本将继续贯彻伦敦峰会上确定的方针。 3)追赶 e.g. She pursued the man who had stolen her bag. 她追赶那个偷了她钱包的男子。 三、常用词组 1)pursue after v. 追赶 e.g. What Marx pursue after for lifetime is emancipation and freedom of all people in the world. 实际上，马克思一生为之奋斗的东西是全人类的自由和解放。 四、派生词 adj. pursuant 依据的；追赶的；随后的 n.pursuit 追赶，追求；职业，工作 pursuer 追求者；追捕者 16. accommodate v. 一、变形：accommodates, accommodated, accommodated, accommodating 二、词义： 1)容纳 e.g. The school was not big enough to accommodate all the children. 学校没有足够的地方容纳所有的学生。 2)为…提供住宿 accommodate sb. e.g. The hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests. 这家旅馆可供 500 位旅客住宿。 3)使…适应 e.g. The roads are built to accommodate gradual temperature changes. 这些道路是为适应气温的逐渐变化而建的。 三、常用词组 1)accommodate with e.g. The company can serve fully format, accommodate with the requirement of a customer. 这家公司可以按顾客的要求，充分地提供各种服务。 e.g. The bank will accommodate you with a loan. 银行将向你提供一笔贷款。 四、派生词 adj.accommodating 随和的；乐于助人的；肯通融的accommodative 适应的；调节的 n.accommodation 住处，膳宿；调节；和解；预订铺位accommodator 调解人；适应者；提供方便者17. decline n./ v. 一、变形：declines, declined, declined, declining 二、词义： 1)下降 e.g. The number of staff has declined from 217,000 to 114,000.员工人数已从217000人减少到114000人。 2)谢绝 e.g. He offered the boys some coffee. They declined politely.他要给男孩们来些咖啡。他们礼貌地拒绝了。 n. 下降 e.g. Official figures show a sharp decline in the number of foreign tourists. 官方数字显示外国游客数量骤降。 三、常用词组 1)on the decline 在走下坡路；在衰退中 e.g. It makes me very sad, because I see that things are on the decline. 这使我非常伤心，因为我看到事情在走 下坡路。 2)in decline 在衰退中 e.g. The mere fact that America still attracts millions of people is evidence that it is not in decline . 美国依然吸引着千百万人，仅这一事实就足以证明它并没衰落。 四、派生词 n. declination 倾斜；偏差；衰微 18. expand v. 一、变形：expands, expanded, expanded, expanding, 二、词义： 1)扩大; 膨胀 e.g. Engineers noticed that the pipes were not expanding as expected.工程师们注意到管子并未像预期的那样膨 胀。 2)使…发展; 发展 e.g. The tourism expanded toward the middle of the 19th century.旅游业业在19世纪中叶得到了发展。 三、常用词组 1)expand into 扩张 Many Western firms want to expand into Asia. 许多西方的公司都想向亚洲扩张。 四、派生词 adj. expanded 扩充的；展开的 expansive 广阔的；扩张的；豪爽的 expandable 可膨胀的；可张开的n. expansion 膨胀；阐述；扩张物 19. donate v. 一、变形：donates, donated, donating 二、词义： 1)捐赠 e.g. He frequently donates large sums to charity.他经常向慈善机构大笔捐款。 三、派生词 adj. donated 捐赠的 n. donation 捐款，捐赠物；捐赠 20. advocate n./ v. 一、变形：advocates, advocated, advocated, advocating, 二、词义： 1)提倡 e.g. Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good behavior.很多专家主张对小孩的良好表现加以奖励。 n. 倡导者 e.g. He was a strong advocate of free market policies and a multi-party system. 他是自由市场政策以及多党制的坚定倡导者。 三、辨析 support, sustain, back, uphold, advocate都有“支持，拥护”的意思，其区别是： support：含义广泛，多指在道义上或物质上支持某人，也可指对某项事业的支持。 sustain：侧重指连续不断的支持。 back：通常指对论点、行动、事业等的强有力支持。 uphold：既可指积极努力对陷入困境者的支持，也可指给某人在行动、道义或信仰上的支持。 advocate：多指通过写文章或发表演说等来支持或拥护，往往暗示提倡某事或为某事辩护。 四、派生词 n. advocacy 主张；拥护；辩护 advocator 提倡者，拥护者 21. obtain v. 一、变形：obtains, obtained, obtained, obtaining 二、词义： 获得（尤指经努力） e.g. Evans was trying to obtain a false passport and other documents.埃文斯当时正试图获取假护照和其他文件。 存在；流行 e.g. These conditions no longer obtain.这些条件不再适用。 三、常用词组obtain employment 就业，找到工作 e.g. The pressure of obtain employment still should be faced after the graduate student graduates. 研究生毕业之后还是要面对就业的压力。 四、辨析 acquire, obtain, get, secure, win, earn, gain都有“获得、取得”的意思，其区别是： acquire：强调通过不断的、持续的努力而获得某物，也指日积月累地渐渐地获得。书面语用词。 obtain：较正式用词，着重通过巨大努力、要求而得到所需或盼望已久的东西。 get：普通用词，使用广泛，可指以任何方式得到某物，也不一定要经过努力。 secure：强调要通过努力或竞争，或需要付出代价才能获得所渴望的东西。 win：主要指通过努力、斗争、比赛等而获得胜利。 earn：侧重指依靠自己的劳动或因付出代价与有功而获得。 gain：侧重指经过努力或有意识行动而取得某种成就或获得某种利益或好处。 五、派生词 adj. obtainable 能得到的 n. obtainment 获得 2. select n./ v. 一、变形：selects, selected, selected, selecting, 二、词义： 挑选; 选择 e.g. All our hotels have been carefully selected for the excellent value they provide. 我们的所有旅馆都是精心挑选的，最为合算。 选定(某文件或某段文章以作特别处理) [计算机] e.g. I selected a file and pressed the delete key.我选定了一份文件，然后按下了删除键。 Adj. 精选的 e.g. a select group of French cheeses 一组精选的的法国奶酪。 第一流的; 只为富人、上层人士而设的 e.g. Christian Lacroix is throwing a very lavish and very select party. 克里斯琴·拉克鲁瓦正在举行一个上层人士参加的非常豪华的聚会。 三、派生词 adj.selective 选择性的selected 挑选出来的 adv. selectively 有选择地 n.selection 选择，挑选；选集；精选品selector 选择器；挑选者 3. suit n./v. 一、变形：suits, suited, suited, suiting, 二、词义：适合 (某人) e.g. They will only release information if it suits them.他们只会发布合他们意的消息。 合 (某人) 心意 e.g. I don't think a sedentary life would altogether suit me.我认为久坐不动的生活方式完全不适合我。 相配；合身 e.g. Blue suits you. You should wear it more often.你适合穿蓝色，你该多穿蓝色衣服。 三、常用词组 suit oneself 随自己的意愿做事 e.g. I longed for a new life stage, found to suit oneself and is worth for it offering all units of work. 我渴望一个新生活舞台，找到一个适合自己并值得为其奉献一切的工作单位。 四、派生词 adj. suitable 适当的；相配的 suited 合适的 adv. suitably 适当地；相配地；适宜地 n.suitability 适合；适当；相配suitor 求婚者；请愿者；[法] 起诉人 5. astonish v. 一、变形：astonishes, astonished, astonished, astonishing, 二、词义： 使十分惊讶 e.g. It astonishes me (that) he could be so thoughtless.我真没有料到他会如此轻率。 三、辨析 astonish, surprise, amaze都可作及物动词，意思相近，一般都是以事物作主语，人称作宾语。 astonish：表示“使大吃一惊”，“几乎使人无法相信”之意。 surprise：只表“出乎意料之外”。 amaze：强调“使惊讶”，有时还有“惊叹”，“佩服”等意。 四、派生词 adj. astonishing 惊人的；令人惊讶的 adv. astonishingly 令人惊讶地 n. astonishment 惊讶；令人惊讶的事物 6. convince v. 一、变形：convinces, convinced, convinced, convincing, 二、词义： 说服 ~ sb. to do sth. e.g. I've been trying to convince him to see a doctor. 我一直劝他去看病。 使信服 convince sb. of sth.e.g. Although I soon convinced him of my innocence, I think he still has serious doubts about my sanity. 尽管我很快就使他相信我是清白的，但是他还是非常怀疑我精神是否正常。 三、派生词 adj.convinced 确信的；深信的convincing 令人信服的；有说服力的convincible 可使信服的；可说服的 adv. convincingly 令人信服地；有说服力地 7. assume v. 一、变形：assumes, assumed, assumed, assuming, 二、词义：假设 e.g. It is a misconception to assume that the two continents are similar. 假设这两块大陆类似是种错误概念。 承担（责任） e.g. The court assumed responsibility for the girl's welfare.法庭承担了保障这个女孩福利的责任。 呈现（外观、样子） e.g. He managed to assume an air of calm.他设法表现出一幅平静的样子。 三、派生词 adj.assumed 假定的；假装的assuming 傲慢的；不逊的；僭越的assumptive 假定的；设想的；傲慢的 n. assumption 假定；设想；担任；采取 8. cancel v. 一、变形：cancels, cancelled, cancelled, cancelling, 二、词义：取消 e.g. Many trains have been cancelled and a limited service is operating on other lines.许多列车都被取消了，少数 班次在其他路线运行。 废止; 废除 e.g. to cancel a policy/subscription 取消保单；停止订阅 三、常用词组 cancel out 取消；抵销 e.g. He wonders if the different influences might not cancel each other out.他想知道不同的影响是否不会相互抵 消。 四、派生词 n. cancellation 取消；删除 9. clarify v. 一、变形：clarifies, clarified, clarified, clarifying, 二、词义：澄清 e.g. Thank you for writing and allowing me to clarify the present position.谢谢你来信并允许我澄清目前的状况。 三、派生词 adj. clarified 澄清的；透明的 n. clarity 清楚，明晰；透明clarification 澄清，说明；净化 10. acknowledge v. 一、变形：acknowledges, acknowledged, acknowledged, acknowledging, 二、词义：承认 e.g. She refuses to acknowledge the need for reform.她拒不承认改革的必要性。 认可 be acknowledged as e.g. He is also acknowledged as an excellent goalkeeper.他还被认可为一名优秀的守门员。 确认收到 e.g. The army sent me a postcard acknowledging my request.军方寄给我一张明信片以确认收到了我的请求。 向…致意 e.g. He saw her but refused to even acknowledge her.他看到了她，但甚至都拒绝向她致意。 三、派生词 adj. acknowledged 公认的；被普遍认可的 n.acknowledgement 承认；确认；感谢 acknowledgment 感谢；承认；承认书 11. separate v./adj. 一、变形：separates, separated, separated, separating, 二、词义： 分开 separate from e.g. It is impossible to separate belief from emotion.信仰和感情是分不开的。 分居 e.g. Her parents separated when she was very young.在她很小的时候，父母就分居了。 分辨; 区分 e.g. It is difficult to separate legend from truth.传说与事实很难分辨。 Adj. 单独的 e.g. The school is housed in two separate buildings.学校设在两栋独立的楼房内。 不同的 e.g. For the past three years they have been leading totally separate lives. 三年来，他们完全是各过各的生活。 三、常用词组 separate into 把…分成，分离成 e.g. Research in social psychology is shedding more light on the processes that drive humans to separate into groups. 社会心理学研究能让我们更好地理解驱使人类分化成不同群体的过程。 四、派生词 adj. separated 分开的；分居；不在一起生活的separable 可分离的；可分隔的 adv. separately 分别地；分离地；个别地 n. separation 分离，分开；间隔，距离；[法] 分居；缺口 separator 分离器 12. marry v. 一、变形：marries, married, married, marrying, 二、词义：结婚 get married e.g. I thought he would change after we got married.我原以为他会在我们结婚后改变的。 为…主持婚礼 e.g. he minister has agreed to marry us in the college chapel.这位牧师已经同意在学校的小教堂为我们主持婚礼。 三、常用词组 marry sb. 嫁给某人/娶某人 e.g. I would hesitate to marry him. 我很犹豫是否要嫁给他。 marry up e.g. Can you marry up the two halves of the broken bowl? 你能把这个被摔成两半的碗粘在一起吗?。 be married to e.g. no one wants to be married to or work with someone who is a selfish git. 没有人愿意和一个自私的家伙结婚 或一起工作。 四、派生词 adj.married 已婚的，有配偶的；婚姻的，夫妇的；密切结合的marriageable 可结婚的，适合结婚的 n. marriage 结婚；婚姻生活；密切结合，合并 13. complain v. 一、变形：complains, complained, complained, complaining, 二、词义：抱怨 e.g. Miners have complained bitterly that the government did not fulfil their promises. 矿工们已愤愤地抱怨政府没有兑现他们的承诺。 诉说(病痛) complain of e.g. He complained of a headache.他说他头疼。 三、常用词组 complain about 抱怨 e.g. I have nothing to complain about. 我没什么可以抱怨的。 e.g. This is why you should never complain about your life. 这就是你从不该抱怨生活的原因。 四、派生词 adj. complaining 抱怨的 adv. complainingly 抱怨地；发牢骚地；诉苦地 n.complaint 抱怨；诉苦；疾病；委屈complainant [法] 原告；发牢骚的人；抱怨者 14. budget v./ n.一、变形：budgets, budgeted, budgeted, budgeting, 二、词义： 安排开支; 编制预算 e.g. The film is only budgeted at $10 million.这部电影的预算只有1千万美元。 三、常用词组 budget for 为…作预算 e.g. Using these tips you can set up an effective budget for yourself and your household. 使用这些技巧，你可以为您和您的的家庭设立一个有效的预算。 n. 预算 e.g. She will design a fantastic new kitchen for you – and all within your budget. 她将为你设计一个崭新的漂亮厨房–所有的花费都将在你的预算之内。 财政收支状况 e.g. The hospital obviously needs to balance the budget each year.该医院显然每年都需要平衡其财务收支。 四、派生词 adj. budgetary 预算的 15. free v./ adj. 一、变形：frees, freed, freed, freeing 比较级freer, 最高级freest 二、词义：v. 释放；使摆脱 ~ sb (from sth) e.g. By the end of May nearly 100 of an estimated 2 000 political prisoners had been freed. 至五月底，估计 2 000 名政治犯中有近 100 人已经获释。 解除（或去除、清除） ~ sb./sth. of/from sb./sth. e.g. These exercises help free the body of tension.这些锻炼可使紧张的身体放松。 e.g. The centre aims to free young people from dependency on drugs.这个中心的宗旨是使年轻人解除对毒品的 依赖。 Adj. 免费的 e.g. We're offering a fabulous free gift with each copy you buy.购买一册就可以得到一份免费好礼。 自由的 e.g. A true democracy complete with free speech and a free press was called for. 人们呼吁要有包括言论自由和新闻自由在内的真正民主。 三、常用词组 for free免费的，无偿的 e.g. You can't expect people to work for free(= without payment) .你不能指望人无偿工作。 free of charge 免费的 e.g. What is certain is that all of our content and services are free of charge. 还有一点可以确定的是，我们的所 有内容、服务都是免费的。 free from从……释放出来四、派生词 adj. freed 释放的 adv. freely 自由地；免费地；大量地；慷慨地；直率地 n. freedom 自由，自主；直率 18. pollute v. 一、变形：pollutes polluted, polluted, polluting, 二、词义：污染 e.g. Heavy industry pollutes our rivers with noxious chemicals.重工业排放的有毒化学物质污染着我们的河流。 三、派生词 adj. polluted 受污染的；被玷污的 e.g. The police have warned the city's inhabitants not to bathe in the polluted river.警方已经警告本市居民不要在 那条被污染的河里游泳。 n.pollution 污染 pollutant 污染物 polluter 污染者；污染源；污染物质 19. complete v. 一、变形：completes completed, completed, completing, 二、词义：完成 ；填写 e.g. She's just completed a master's degree in Law.她刚读完法律硕士学位。 e.g. 2 000 shoppers completed our questionnaire.2 000 名顾客填写了我们的调查表。 Adj. 完全的，整个的 e.g. A complete apartment complex was burned to the ground.整座公寓大楼被烧成平地。 三、常用词组 a complete set of 一整套 e.g. Please prepare a complete set of blueprints. 请准备一套完整的设计图稿。 四、派生词 adj. completed 完整的；完全的 adv. completely 完全地，彻底地；完整地 n. completion 完成，结束；实现 20. effect n./v. 一、变形：effects effected, effected, effecting, 二、词义：实现 e.g. Prospects for effecting real political change seemed to have taken a major step backwards. 实现真正政治变革的前景似乎暗淡了许多。 n. 影响 effect on sb./sth. 对…产生影响 e.g. Parents worry about the effect of music on their adolescent's behaviour. 家长们担心音乐对于其青少年子女行为的影响。 印象 e.g. The overall effect of the painting is overwhelming.这幅画的总体效果气势磅礡。 三、常用词组 bring/put sth into effect 使生效；实行；实施 e.g. The recommendations will soon be put into effect. 这些建议即将付诸实施。 come into effect生效；开始实施 e.g. New controls come into effect next month. 下月开始实施新的管制措施。 in effect实际上 e.g. His wife had, in effect, run the government for the past six months. 过去的六个月实际上是他的妻子在执政。 四、派生词 adj. effective 有效的，起作用的；实际的，实在的；给人深刻印象 adv. effectively 有效地，生效地；有力地；实际上 n. effectiveness 效力 Group9 1. point v./n. 一、变形：points 二、词义： 1)看法 e.g. We disagree with every point she makes.我们不同意她提出的任何观点。 2)重点 e.g. The point is you shouldn't have to wait so long to see a doctor.关键是看病不该等那么长时间。 3)意图；目的 e.g. I don't see the point of doing it all again.我就不明白，再做一次有什么意义。 v. 1)（用手指头或物体）指，指向 e.g. He pointed to the spot where the house used to stand.他指出那所房子原来所在的地方。 e.g. She pointed her finger in my direction.她指着我这个方向。 2)瞄准 ~ sth (at sb/sth) e.g. He pointed the gun at her head. 他举枪对准了她的头。 3)对着；朝向 + adv./prep. e.g. The telescope was pointing in the wrong direction.望远镜对错了方向。 e.g. The signpost pointed straight ahead.路标直指前方。 三、常用词组 1)from the point of view 从…角度来看e.g. Do you think that, from the point of view of results, this exercise was worth the cost? 从效果来看，你认为这种锻炼值得花这笔钱吗？ 2)point out指出; 指明 e.g. I should point out that these estimates cover just the hospital expenditures.我应该指出，这些估价只包括医 院的开支。 四、派生词 adj.pointless 无意义的；钝的；不尖的；不得要领的 pointed 尖的；突出的；锐利的；率直的 adv. pointedly 尖锐地；指向地 pointlessly 不相干地；漫无目标地；不得要领地（pointless的副词形式） n. pointer 指针；指示器；教鞭；暗示 3. title n./v. 一、变形：titles, titled, titled, ttitling, 二、词义： V. 给…加标题 e.g. The song is titled "White Love."这支单曲名为《白色之恋》。 n. 1)标题 e.g. His poems were published under the title of ‘Love and Reason’.他的诗是以《爱情与理智》为题发表的。 2)称号，头衔 （人名前表示地位、职业、婚否等的） e.g. Her husband was also honored with his title "Sir Denis."她的丈夫也被授予头衔，尊称为“丹尼斯爵士”。 三、派生词 adj. titled 有头衔的；有标题的 4. add v. 一、变形：adds, added, added, adding, 二、词义： 1)添加 e.g. Shall I add your name to the list? 我可以把你的名字写进名单吗？ 2)补充说 e.g. He added that they would return a week later. 他接着说，他们一周以后会回来。 3)增加 sth. add to sth. e.g. This latest incident will add to the pressure on the White House. 最近的这起事件会给白宫增加更多的压力。 三、常用词组 1)add up 合计 e.g. Add up these figures, please请把这些数字加起来。 2)add in 添加e.g. What function do you want to add in sports forums? 你想在运动主题论坛加入哪种功能?。 四、派生词 adj. additional 附加的，额外的 addable 可增加的 adv. additionally 此外；又，加之 n. addition 添加；[数] 加法；增加物7. wonder v. 一、变形：wonders, wondered, wondered, wondering 二、词义： 1)想知道 e.g. I wondered what that noise was.我想知道那噪音是什么。 2)对…感到惊讶 e.g. I wonder (that) he didn't hurt himself jumping over that wall.我纳闷他怎么从那墙上跳过去竟没摔伤自己。 三、词组 1) ~ if, whether…（礼貌地提问或请人做事时说） e.g. I was wondering whether you'd like to come to a party.不知您能否来参加聚会。 2)no wonder 难怪 e.g. It should be no wonder that you have not mastered the understanding of them all. No one ever will. 难怪大家没有全部掌握并理解这些知识，因为根本就没人能做得到嘛！ 四、派生词 adj.wonderful 奇妙的；极好的 wondering 疑惑的；觉得奇怪的 n.wonderland 奇境，仙境；非常奇妙的地方 wonderment 惊奇；惊叹 8. force n./v. 一、变形：forces, forced, forced, forcing 二、词义： 1)强迫 e.g. He took two women hostage and forced them to drive away from the area. 他劫持了两名女人质并强迫她们开车离开这个地区。 2)强加 e.g. To force this agreement on the nation is wrong. 把这项协议强加于这个国家是错误的。 3)用力压住 n. 1)武力；暴力 e.g. The release of the hostages could not be achieved without the use of force.不使用武力不可能使人质获释。 2)力；力量 e.g. The shopping centre took the full force of the blast.购物中心承受了全部爆炸力。 3)力量大的人（或事物）；影响大的人（或事物）e.g. economic/market forces 经济/市场力量 e.g. The expansion of higher education should be a powerful force for change . 高等教育的发展对变革应该是一个强大的推动力。 三、常用词组 1)by force 强迫地；靠武力；凭藉暴力 e.g. The heart is not conquered by force, but by love and tolerance.心不是靠武力征服，而是靠爱和宽容大度征 服。 2)in force 有效的；大批地；大规模地 e.g. The smoking ban remains in force for restaurants, hospitals, schools and airports. 然而这项禁烟令在饭店、医院、学校和机场还仍然有效。 3)labor force n. 劳动力 e.g. He says the reduction of the labour force could be significant.他说劳动力的缩减可能会有重大影响。 四、派生词 adj.forced 被迫的；强迫的 forceful 强有力的；有说服力的；坚强的 adv. forcefully 强有力地；激烈地；有说服力地 n. forcefulness 有力；坚强 9. measure n. 一、变形：measures, measured, measured, measuring 二、词义： 1)估量 e.g. I continued to measure his progress against the charts in the doctor's office.我继续根据医生办公室里的图表 来估量他的进展。 2)测量 e.g. Measure the length and width of the gap.测量一下这个裂口的长度和宽度。 n. 1)措施 e.g. The government warned that police would take tougher measures to contain the trouble.政府警告说警察将采 取更为强硬的措施来制止这场动乱。 2)(严重程度的) 标准 e.g. That is a measure of how bad things have become at the bank.那就是银行的局面已经糟糕到何种程度的衡 量标准。 三、派生词 adj.measured 量过的；慎重的；基于标准的；有规则的measurable 可测量的；重要的；重大的 adv. measurably 可以测定的程度；可视地 n. measurement 测量；[计量] 度量；尺寸；量度制Group10 surprise v. 一、变形：~s, ~ing, ~ed, ~ed 二、词义：1)使吃惊 e.g. It surprised me that such a driver should make those mistakes. 令我吃惊的是，像阿莱恩这样有经验的一位 司机竟然会犯那些错误。 2)使措手不及 ~ sb. e.g. The army attacked at night to surprise the rebels.军队在夜间发起攻击，把叛乱者打了个措手不及。 三、词组 1)to one's surprise 使某人吃惊的是 e.g. To one's surprise, he succeed finally. 让我们吃惊的是，他最后成功了。 2)by surprise 出其不意地 e.g. You should be aware of the shortcomings so they don't catch you by surprise. 您应该意识到这个缺点，这样以来您就不会被它们意外地诱入陷阱。 3)in surprise 惊奇地 e.g. Everyone looked at him in surprise . 每个人都惊讶地看着他。 四、派生词 adj. surprised 感到惊讶的，出人意料的 surprising 令人惊讶的；意外的 adv. surprisingly 惊人地；出人意外地 5. contact v. 一、变形：contacts contacted, contacted, contacting, 二、词义： 1)联系，联络（如用电话或信件） e.g. I've been trying to contact you all day.我一整天都在设法与你联系。 n. 1)联系，联络 ~ with sb. e.g. Have you kept in contact with any of your friends from college ?你和你大学里的朋友还保持联系吗？ 2)触摸；接触 e.g. This substance should not come into contact with food.这种物质切莫与食物接触。 3)会见；交往 e.g. We have good contacts with the local community.我们与当地社区关系甚好。 三、词组 1)in contact with 接触；与…有联系 e.g. It is important not to come in contact with blood because of the health risks. 一定不要直接接触血液，这很 重要，因为这对健康有很大的危害。7. bargain v. 一、变形：bargains, bargained, bargained, bargaining, 二、词义： 1)谈判; 讨价还价 bargain with sb. e.g. In the market dealers were bargaining with growers over the price of coffee.在市场上商人正和种植者就咖啡 的价格进行商谈。 n. 1)减价品；便宜货 e.g. At this price the wine is a bargain.以这个价格，这葡萄酒算是物美价廉了。 2)协议 e.g. I've done what I promised and I expect you to keep your side of the bargain .我已经履约，希望你也能遵守协 议。 三、派生词 n.bargainer 交易者；买卖约定者；讨价还价的人 bargainor 卖方；出让人 9. account v. 一、变形：accounts, accounted, accounted, accounting 二、词义：1)认为是；视为 e.g. In English law a person is accounted innocent until they are proved guilty.按英格兰法律，一个人未经证实有 罪之前被视为无罪。 n. 1)账户 e.g. I paid the cheque into my savings account.我把支票存入我的储蓄账户。 2)报道 e.g. He gave a detailed account of what happened on the fateful night.他对那个决定命运的夜晚所发生的事情做 了一个详细的报道。 三、词组 1)account for (数量、比例上) 占；解释 e.g. Computers account for 5% of the country's commercial electricity consumption. 电脑占了这个国家商业用电的5%。 e.g. The gene they discovered today doesn't account for all those cases.他们今天发现的那种基因解释不了所有的 那些情况。 2)take sth. into account 将…纳入考虑 e.g. You should take into account not only the price but also the quality. 你应予以考虑的不仅是价格，而且还有 质量。 四、派生词 1)adj. accountable 有责任的；有解释义务的；可解释的 2)n. accounting 会计，会计学；帐单 10. permit v.一、变形：permits, permitted, permitted, permitting, 二、词义： 1)允许 e.g. Visitors are not permitted to take photographs.参观者请勿拍照。 2)使有可能 e.g. We hope to visit the cathedral, if time permits.如果时间允许，我们希望能参观一下主教座堂。 三、词组 1)permit of 允许；容许有 e.g. His health did not permit of staying there. 他的健康状况不允许他留在那里。 四、派生词 adj.permissible 可允许的；获得准许的permissive 许可的；自由的；宽容的 adv. permissibly 获准地；得到许可地 n. permission 允许，许可 11. develop v. 变形：develops, developed, developed, developing 词义： 1)发展，成长 e.g. The place has rapidly developed from a small fishing community into a thriving tourist resort. 这地方由原来的小渔村迅速发展成一个繁荣的旅游胜地。 2)开发；研制 e.g. The company develops and markets new software.这家公司开发并销售新软件。 3)患（病）；出现（问题） e.g. The car developed engine trouble and we had to stop.汽车发动机出了故障，我们只好停下来。 e.g. Her son developed asthma when he was two.她的儿子两岁时患了哮喘。 三、派生词 adj.developed 发达的（国家或地区）；成熟的developing 发展中的 developmental 发展的；启发的 n.development 发展；开发；发育； developer 开发者 12. influence v./n. 一、变形：influences, influenced, influenced, influencing 二、词义： 1)影响；对…起作用 e.g. His writings have influenced the lives of millions.他的作品影响了千百万人的一生。 2)支配；左右 e.g. A number of social factors influence life expectancy.诸多社会因素左右着人的预期寿命。 n. 1)影响；作用 (on/upon sb/sth) e.g. What exactly is the influence of television on children?电视对儿童究竟有什么影响？ 2)权势 e.g. He used his influence to get his son into medical school.他利用权势把儿子弄进了医学院。3)有影响的人（或事物） e.g. cultural influences文化影响 e.g. Those friends are a bad influence on her.那些朋友对她有负面的影响。 e.g. His first music teacher was a major influence in his life.他的第一位音乐老师是他一生中对他影响非常大的 人。 三、派生词 adj. influential 有影响的；有势力的 adv. influentially 有影响地；有力地 四、辨析 effect, influence都有“影响”的意思，其区别是： effect：用作动词意为“造成”，“产生”，用作名词强调由于影响而产生特殊效果。 e.g. The effects of the medicine are very good. (药效很好。) influence：可作动词、名词，指对某人的思想行为、性格等产生影响。 e.g. She was influenced by her middle school teachers. (她受中学时的老师影响。) 14. imagine v. 一、变形：imagines, imagined, imagined, imagining 二、词义： 1)想像 e.g. He could not imagine a more peaceful scene.他想像不出比这更幽静的场景。 2)猜想 e.g. He's always imagining (that) we're talking about him behind his back.他总是胡乱猜想我们在背后说他的闲 话。 3)幻想 e.g. Looking back on it now, I realized that I must have imagined the whole thing.现在回想起来，我意识到这整 个事情一定是我幻想出来的。 4)料想；认为 e.g. ‘Can we still buy tickets for the concert?’ ‘I imagine so .’ “我们还能买到音乐会的票吗？” “我想可以吧。” 三、派生词 adj.imaginary 虚构的，假想的；想像的；虚数的 imaginative 虚构的；富于想像的；有创造力的 imaginable 可能的；可想像的 n. imagination [心理] 想象力；空想；幻想物 15. inspire v. 一、变形：inspires, inspired, inspired, inspiring二、词义： 1)鼓舞; 激励 e.g. Our challenge is to motivate those voters and inspire them to join our cause. 我们的艰巨任务是要激励那些投票者并鼓励他们加入我们的事业。 2)唤起; 激起 e.g. In the 1960s, the electric guitar virtuosity of Jimi Hendrix inspired a generation. 20世纪60年代，吉米·亨德里克斯演奏电吉他的精湛技巧激发了一代人的热情。 3)赋…以灵感; 给…以启示 e.g. The book was inspired by a real person, namely Tamara de Treaux. 这本书是受一个叫塔玛拉·德特罗的人启发而写成的。 三、派生词 adj.inspired 有灵感的；官方授意的 inspiring 鼓舞人心的；灌输的；启发灵感的 n. inspiration 灵感；鼓舞；吸气；妙计 17. debate v. 一、变形：debates, debated, debated, debating 二、词义： 1)讨论，辩论 e.g. The question of the origin of the universe is still hotly debated(= strongly argued about) by scientists. 关于宇宙起源问题，科学家仍在激烈辩论。 2)仔细考虑；思考；盘算 e.g. For a moment he debated going after her.他仔细思考了片刻要不要去追求她。 n. 辩论 （debate on sth. 关于…的辩论） e.g. After a long debate, Congress approved the proposal.经过长时间辩论，国会通过了这项提议。 三、派生词 adj. debatable 成问题的；可争论的；未决定的 n. debater 讨论者；辩论家 Group11 1. remind v. 一、变形：reminds, reminded, reminded, reminding 二、词义： 1)使记起; 使想起 ~ sb (about/of sth) e.g. So she simply welcomed Tim and reminded him of the last time they had met.因此她只是欢迎了蒂姆，让他 想起他们上次的相遇。 2)提醒 remind sb. to do sth. e.g. Can you remind me to buy a bottle of wine?你能提醒我买一瓶葡萄酒吗？ 三、派生词adj. remindful 提醒的；留意的 n. reminder 暗示；提醒的人/物；催单 2. reduce v. 一、变形：reduces, reduced, reduced, reducing 二、词义： 1)减少，缩小（尺寸、数量、价格等） e.g. Costs have been reduced by 20% over the past year.过去一年，成本支出已经减少了 20%。 2)使变稠; 收汁 e.g. Boil the liquid in a small saucepan to reduce it by half.在小炖锅中煮沸汤汁使其收到一半的量。 3)使陷入 be reduced to e.g. They were reduced to extreme poverty.他们沦落到极度贫困的地步。 三、派生词 adj.reduced 减少的；[数] 简化的；缩减的reductive 还原的；减少的 reducible [数] 可约的，可化简的；可还原的；可缩小的 n.reduction 减少；下降；缩小 reducer [助剂] 还原剂；减径管 3. fasten v. 一、变形：fastens, fastened, fastened, fastening 二、词义： 1)扣紧; 系牢 e.g. She got quickly into her Mini and fastened the seat-belt.她迅速钻进她的迷你车并系好安全带。 2)把…系在 e.g. There were no instructions on how to fasten the carrying strap to the box.没有如何把背带系在箱子上的说明。 三、派生词 adj. fast 快速的，迅速的；紧的，稳固的 n. fastness 牢固；要塞； 4. design v. 一、变形：designs, designed, designed, designing 二、词义： 1)设计 e.g. They wanted to design a machine that was both attractive and practical.他们想设计一台既美观又实用的机器。 2)策划 e.g. We may be able to design a course to suit your particular needs.我们也许能策划一个课程来满足你的特定需 求。 三、词组1)be designed to do sth. e.g. This project is designed to help homeless people.这个项目旨在帮助无家可归的人。 四、派生词 adj.designer 由设计师专门设计的；享有盛名的；赶时髦的designed 有计划的，原意的；故意的 designing 狡猾的 adv. designedly 有计划地；故意地 5. expect v. 一、变形：expects, expected, expected, expecting 二、词义： 1)期待 e.g. I do expect to have some time to myself in the evenings.我真期待晚上能有点儿自己的时间。 2)预料 e.g. Many people were expecting (that) the peace talks would break down.许多人预料和平谈判会破裂。 3)猜想；认为 e.g. ‘Who's eaten all the cake?’ ‘Tom, I expect/I expect it was Tom.’ “谁把蛋糕都吃光了？” “我想是汤姆吧。” 三、派生词 adj.expectant 期待的；怀孕的；预期中的expectable 能预期的；意料中的 adv. expectantly 期望地，期待地 n. expectation 期待；预期；指望 6. press v. 一、变形：presses, pressed, pressed, pressing 二、词义： 1)推; 挤 e.g. He pressed his back against the door.他将背顶在了门上。 2)按压 e.g. Drago pressed a button and the door closed.德拉戈按了一个按钮，门关上了。 3)用力按; 用力踩 e.g. The engine stalled. He pressed the accelerator hard.引擎熄火了。他猛踩油门。 4)竭力争取 e.g. Police might now press for changes in the law.警方现在可能会竭力争取法律的修改。 5)极力劝说 e.g. Trade unions are pressing him to stand firm.各工会在极力劝说他坚持立场。 三、词组 press conference 记者招待会，新闻发布会四、派生词 adj.pressing 紧迫的；迫切的；恳切的pressurized 加压的；受压的 7. tear v./n. 一、变形：tears, tore ,torn, tearing 二、词义： 1)撕裂 e.g. I tore my jeans on the fence.我的牛仔裤被篱笆挂破了。 2)(使)(肌肉、韧带)拉伤，撕裂 e.g. He tore a muscle in his right thigh...他右大腿的一块肌肉拉伤了。 3)(常指失控或危险地)奔，冲，闯 e.g. The door flew open and Miranda tore into the room...门猛地开了，米兰达闯进房间。 n. 眼泪 复数：tears e.g. Their story will move you to tears(= make you cry) .他们的故事会使你感动得落泪。 e.g. The memory brought a tear to her eye(= made her cry) .她想起这事便热泪盈眶。 三、辨析 rip, tear, split都有“撕裂、扯破”的意思，其区别是： rip：侧重指用力把布料等物撕开，也可指用粗暴手段把某物撕裂。 tear：最普通用词，指有意或无意地把布或纸等没接缝的材料撕开。可作引申用。 split：非正式用词，指有力的切断、劈开或撕裂的动作 四、派生词 adj. tearing 撕裂的；痛苦的；猛烈的 tearless 不流泪的；无泪的；没有感情的 单项选择---精选名校模拟题检测 1．（2024·天津·二模）As a physician during the Han Dynasty, Hua Tuo is often________ with being the first in China to use anesthesia (麻醉)during surgcry. A．presented B．referred C．credited D．promoted 2．（2024·天津·二模）While choosing your major, you need to _______ your strengths and follow your heart. A．identify B．expand C．advocate D．suit 3．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）Kate received a sugar painting featuring the “loong” character and it was so beautiful that she ______ bear to eat it. A．couldn’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t 4．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）We had to ______ on the location for our vacation to end the discussion and make everyone happy. A．memorize B．compromise C．suspect D．destroy 5．（2024·天津河西·三模）Keeping a healthy diet and taking regular exercise are effective ways to ______ you when you are working on a tight schedule.A．relieve B．rebuild C．refresh D．reform 6．（2024·天津·模拟预测）There is only one way to happiness and that is to ______ worrying about things which are beyond the power of our will. A．cease B．recall C．acknowledge D．guarantee 7．（2024·天津和平·三模）In Japan, someone who witnesses another person ______ the OK gesture might think it means money, while in France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero. A．ignoring B．employing C．analyzing D．permitting 8．（23-24高三下·天津南开·阶段练习）As a symbol of Chinese history, the Palace Museum ________ the cultural memory of the country. A．preserves B．prevents C．acquires D．declares 9．（2024·天津·二模）Due to Huawei’s latest product Mate X5 which was ______ in September 2023, Huawei took a leading role on China Market Foldable Smartphone Brand Sales Ranking. A．launched B．landed C．installed D．informed 10．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）We should try to ______ some quality time out of the tight schedule to accompany our families. A．figure B．approve C．confirm D．spare 11．（2024·天津北辰·三模）By working in a famous school, Lily not only ______ much valuable experience but also had a clearer understanding of her career ahead. A．guaranteed B．accumulated C．exchanged D．scheduled 12．（23-24高一下·河南郑州·期中）Scientists ______ that they are making a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer. A．claim B．convince C．detect D．deserve 13．（23-24高一下·河南郑州·期中）The curtain went up on the final act of the play and ______ the aristocrat sitting alone behind bars in his dark cell. A．disguised B．revealed C．proceeded D．appealed 14．（23-24高一下·广东深圳·期中）The results _______ undoubtedly that our campaign is working quite well. A．draft B．declare C．sponsor D．demonstrate 15．（23-24高一下·重庆·期中）When the small country ______ war on America, the whole world was shocked A．announced B．ensured C．declared D．claimed 16．（23-24高二下·广东深圳·阶段练习）The patient was still in danger, because his body ______ the new heart after the surgery. A．attained B．restored C．rejected D．repaid 17．（2022·天津·三模）While posing no significant security threat, the event did ________ some popular concern. A．suspect B．generate C．disturb D．refresh 18．（23-24高二下·广东深圳·阶段练习）We have many cases where hard work has ______ one’s chances of success in the past years.A．tackled B．multiplied C．collapsed D．highlighted 19．（2024·天津南开·一模）When she went outside she was temporarily ________by the sun. A．blinded B．threatened C．opposed D．interpreted 20．（23-24高三下·天津南开·开学考试）The Tianjin Port Free Trade Zone is the only free trade zone in northern China. The zone was to be established in 1991 by State Council. A．informed B．advertised C．announced D．approved 21．（2024·天津·一模）Through comparison, he found that the location of the 117 known Maya cities ________ to the position of the stars. A．corporate B．correspond C．determine D．integrate 22．（2024·天津·一模）Greenhouse gases have been speeding up the process of global warming and our climate. A．affecting B．challenging C．promoting D．creating 23．（2024·天津河东·一模）It is necessary to ______ the workshop because the company will do more and more business. A．broaden B．increase C．extend D．spread 24．（2024·天津河北·一模）Life, like a musical symphony with its highs and lows, brings students bittersweet moments, like ________ a major exam, giving a presentation, or first-time boarding. A．reciting B．observing C．sitting D．putting 25．（2024·天津和平·一模）It is widely acknowledged that volunteer work is an important factor in ______ students’ attitudes towards social life. A．adopting B．shaping C．claiming D．attaining 26．（22-23高三下·广东广州·阶段练习）It has been ________ that this drug is effective. A．composed B．prescribed C．restrained D．demonstrated 27．（22-23高三下·广东广州·阶段练习）Tickets are limited and will be ________ to those who apply first. A．relieved B．allocated C．alleviated D．investigated 28．（22-23高三下·广东广州·阶段练习）The company has announced that it will ________ a full investigation into the accident. A．advocate B．exceed C．distribute D．undertake 29．（23-24高三下·广东东莞·开学考试）At any time, we must ________ great importance to the work of speeding up developing new products. A．attach B．appeal C．stick D．commit 30．（23-24高一上·广东深圳·期末）If people ______ the great works of the past, it is because these works no longer answer the needs of the present. A．overuse B．maintain C．disregard D．promote 31．（23-24高三上·天津红桥·期末）The parking rules in public places should be ______ strictly, otherwise you would get a ticket. A．realized B．recognized C．consulted D．observed32．（23-24高三上·天津·期末）Some parents are just too protective. They want to ___________their kids from every kind of damage, real or imagined. A．spot B．shelter C．dismiss D．distinguish 33．（23-24高三上·天津和平·期末）The fast-growing generative AI technology will be increasingly to a greater variety of sectors next year to upgrade traditional industries. A．exploded B．applied C．used D．taken 34．（23-24高三上·天津西青·期末）If you complaining and start taking action, you might just achieve your goals. A．admit B．quit C．consider D．delay 35．（23-24高三上·天津·期末）Information services like cloud computing are updated, helping these businesses transform their economic development and their competitive edge in the world. A．shorten B．sharpen C．shave D．shrink 36．（23-24高三上·天津河西·期末）Entering the room, I found the girl seated in the sofa, completely ________ in a book. A．stuck B．caught C．taken D．absorbed 37．（23-24高三上·天津河西·期末）When contacted by the media, the police didn’t ________ that report that the man was guilty, only saying that the investigation was under way. A．confirm B．accomplish C．convey D．convince 38．（23-24高三上·天津河西·期末）I can use a computer, but when it ________ repairing it, I don’t know anything. A．refers to B．applies to C．appeals to D．comes to 39．（23-24高三上·天津河北·期末）—What is potential? — ______ simply, potential is your natural ability that can be developed when you try hard enough. A．Put B．Throw C．Imply D．Cast 40．（23-24高三上·天津河北·期末）Jack’s father, who is British, has come to love hot pot! But there are still some dishes that he ______ not try even after many years of marriage to his Chinese mother. A．dare B．need C．shall D．will 41．（23-24高三上·天津南开·阶段练习）The old rules have to be ________ because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made twenty years ago. A．promoted B．established C．revised D．observed 42．（23-24高三上·天津·阶段练习）Working part-time as a student can help me learn to interact with people and_____working experience, which will be beneficial to my future career. A．overcome B．regulate C．accelerate D．accumulate 43．（23-24高三上·天津·阶段练习）Thousands of people will gather in the square, waiting for the clock to 12 announcing the arrival of New year. A．strike B．beat C．hit D．knock 44．（23-24高三上·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·阶段练习）We trust you; only you can ______him to quit doing such sillythings. A．suggest B．attract C．advise D．persuade 45．（23-24高三上·天津·阶段练习）When you hand in your application form, don’t forget to a recent photograph to it. A．attach B．attack C．assign D．advertise 46．（23-24高三上·天津·期中）Darwin ________that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands along time before. A．risked B．entered C．suspected D．declined 47．（23-24高三上·天津武清·阶段练习）The athlete was ______ before the game for taking drugs, thus missing the chance to win a medal. A．approached B．ignored C．disqualified D．judged 48．（23-24高三上·天津武清·阶段练习）I keep a diary to ______ me of what I have experienced each day. A．remind B．remember C．reflect D．recognize 49．（23-24高三上·广东深圳·阶段练习）A symphony orchestra is __________ of a variety of brass, woodwind, percussion and stringed instruments. A．consisted B．compared C．composed D．concluded 50．（23-24高三上·天津·阶段练习）She drew a deep breath to calm herself down but her look still ________ her anger and disapproval. A．defined B．betrayed C．generated D．handled