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第 01 讲 构词法
目录
一、考情探究
构词法一 派生法...............................................................................................4
构词法二 转化法...................................................................................................8
构词法三 合成法.....................................................................................................9
语法填空词形转换常考词汇表一.........................................................................11
语法填空常考词汇表二.........................................................................................29
二、考点梳理
三、好题冲关...............................................................................................................33
近年高考越来越注重对构词法的考查。通过引导学生掌握构词法,分析词的组成,有助于学生提高词
汇的分析能力,扩大词汇量。此外,利用构词法还有助于记住单词的形、义和词性,避免出现拼写的错误,
提高综合能力。
近年高考真题名词考点细目表
语法填 改
年份 卷别 阅读理解
空 错
economical adj. 经济的,实惠的;
Sustainable adj.可持续的;
strategic adj. 重要的,合适的,战略(性)的;
新高考
56. Tasty(taste)
available adj.可用的,可得到的; 0
I卷
64.rarely(rare)
additional adj. 附加的,另外的
countless adj. 无数的;多得数不清的
....
Occasionally adv. 偶然;偶尔;有时候
2023
Evaluation n. 评价,评估
年 新高考 56.arrival(arrive)
57. confident(confidence) Emotional adj. 感情的;情感的;情绪的 0
II卷
63. Basically( Basic) Initiator n.发起人;创始人
backbreaking adj.非常辛劳的;费力的
67.different(difference)
全国甲
69.Warning(Warn) philosopher哲学家philosophical哲学的 bl
卷
Simplicity简单reawaken重新唤起
69.Remarkable(Remark) tru
全国乙 Probably adv. 几乎肯定;很可能;大概
th 改为Uninteresting adj. 不吸引人的;无趣的;无聊
卷 的 true
less-than-impressive 不那么令人印象深刻的
honorable =honourable adj. 光荣的;可敬的;高
63. eventually(eventual) 贵的
新高考I
disqualification n. 不合格;取消资格;被罚下场 0
卷
disqualified 不合格的;被取消资格的
willpower n. 意志力;毅力
新高考II 38. asleep(sleep) afford v-affordable adj.
0
卷
accidentally (accidental ) private adj.-privacy n.
trial-and-error试错实验
65.protection(protect)
2022 全国甲卷 indicate v-indication n-indicator n.
66.meaningful(meaning) 0
年 表明一指示器,指标
downturn n.衰退;下降
white-out conditions(暴露于恶劣天气环境而产
浙江卷1 r
in
o
d
u
e
g
p
h
e
ly
n
(
d
r
e
o
n
u
c
g
e
h
(
)
independent)
生的)失明
0
月
off-road biking越野骑车
lifeblood n.命脉...
characterisation n.人物刻
65. responsibility mentall
全国乙卷 (responsible) re-admissionn.重新入场 y 改为
mental
A hair-raising令人毛骨悚然
best-rated排名最好的
新高考I
2021 undoubtedly (undoubted) up-and-coming 积极进取的
卷
.inclusion n.纳入;包含
observation n. 观察;观测;监视
新高考II 44.representative
2021 observatory n. 天文台;气象台
(represent) 0
卷
6. interpersonal adj. 人际关系的;人际的
2021 全国甲卷 daily(day) a small clearing 一小块空地
0foreground n.前景;最显著的地方
financial
(finance) functional a.运转的、功能正常的
2021 全国乙卷 0
development(develop)
landline n.座机
2021.6 浙江卷 marriage(marry) an uphill battle 一场漫长而艰难的战争 0
2021.1 浙江卷 sharply(sharp) .praiseworthy a.值得称赞的 0
考点梳理
考点一:名词转和动词互相变换
考点二:名词和形容词互相变换
考点三:形容词和副词互相变换
考点四:阅读理解和完形填空中的考查
许多英语单词的构成都有一定的规律,这种规律被称为构词法(word formation)。掌握构词法知识对我们更好地理解词义、认识新词和扩大词汇量有重要意义。英语中的构词法主要有派生法(Derivation)、合成
法(Composition)和转换法(Conversion)三大类。
构词法一 派生法
在一个词的词根(root)前面或后面加上某个词缀(affix)来产生新词,这种构词法称为派生法
(derivation)或词缀法(affixation)。加在前面的词缀叫前缀(prefix),加在后面的词缀叫后缀
(suffix)。一般情况下,前缀往往改变词根的词义,不改变词根的词性;而后缀往往改变词根的词性,有
些也涉及意义的变化。大部分前缀和后缀都有固定的意义,因而许多派生词的词义可以通过词根及词缀的
意思推知。
1.形容词变副词的后缀
在形容词后加-ly可变成相应意义的副词
直接加-ly extreme → extremely尤其,非常
stupid → stupidly 傻地
改y为-ily happy → happily快乐地
merry → merrily 快乐地
去e加-ly true真的 → truly真地
2.形容词变名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-age short → shortage不足;短缺
-cy efficient → efficiency效率;功效
accurate → accuracy准确性
-dom free → freedom自由;自主
wise → wisdom明智;智慧
-ence different → difference差异
silent → silence沉默
-ness weak → weakness虚弱;弱点
careless → carelessness粗心大意
-th strong → strength力气;强项
wide → width宽
-y disable → disability无能;残疾
-ty responsible → responsibility责任
-ity
3.动词变名词的后缀
后缀 例词-al approve → approval赞成;批准
arrive → arrival到来
-ance appear → appearance出现;外貌
perform → performance表演;节目
-ence exist → existence存在;生存
refer → reference参考;查阅
-ion construct → construction建设
evaluate → evaluation评估
-ation consider → consideration考虑
imagine → imagination想象力
-(s)sion discuss → discussion讨论;辩论
admit → admission接纳;准许入学
-ing hear → hearing听力;听觉begin → beginning开
始
-ment argue → argument辩论;论据
equip → equipment设备
-ure fail → failure失败;没做到
press → pressure压力
-ture mix → mixture混合;混合物
depart → departure离开;出发
-y recover → recovery恢复;痊愈
discover → discovery发现
其他 vary → variety多样化;种类
tend → tendency趋向;趋势
4.表示"人"的后缀
在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表示"人"的后缀有:
后缀 例词
village → villager村民
-er
strange → stranger陌生人
-ar lie → liar说谎者
employ → employee受雇者;雇员
-ee
interview → interviewee被面试者
invent → inventor发明家
-or
educate → educator教育家;教师
-ess steward → stewardess 女乘务员host → hostess 女主人;女主持人
China → Chinese中国人
-ese
Japan → Japanese日本人
America → American美国人
-an
Australia → Australian澳洲人
history → historian历史学家
-ian
politics → politician政治家;政客
special → specialist专家
-ist
tour → tourist旅行者;观光者
participate → participant参加者
-ant
assist → assistant助手;图书管理员
5.动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀
后缀 例词
accept → acceptable可接受的
-able
comfort → comfortable舒适的
person → personal个人的;私人的
-al
nature → natural自然的;天生的
hope → hopeful有希望的
-ful
peace → peaceful和平的
confuse → confused感到困惑的
-ed
bore → bored感到厌倦的
surprise → surprising令人惊讶的
-ing
convince → convincing令人信服的
access → accessible容易到达的;容易取得的
-ible
horror → horrible可怕的;恐怖的
effect → effective有效的;生效的
-ive
instruct → instructive有教育意义的
anxiety → anxious忧虑的
-ous
curiosity → curious好奇的
tire → tiresome令人厌倦的
-some
trouble → troublesome麻烦的
taste → tasty美味的;可口的
-y wealth → wealthy富裕的;丰富的
dirt → dirty有灰尘的;脏的
-ern east → eastern东方的;向东的west → western西方的;向西的
fool → foolish愚蠢的;可笑的
-ish
self → selfish自私的
science → scientific科学的
-ic
history → historic历史上著名的
-ary imagine → imaginary想象中的
6.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀
前缀 例词
advantage → disadvantage缺点
dis-
comfort → discomfort不舒适
legal → illegal不合法的
il-
logical → illogical不合逻辑的
patient → impatient不耐烦的
im-
moral → immoral不道德的
formal → informal非正式的
in-
convenient → inconvenient不方便的
regular → irregular不规则的
ir-
responsible → irresponsible不负责任的
lead → mislead误导
mis-
understand → misunderstand误解
willing → unwilling不愿意的
un-
happy → unhappy不高兴的
后缀 例词
hope → hopeless绝望的
-less
care → careless粗心的
7.变动词的前缀和后缀
前缀 例词
large → enlarge扩大
en-
rich → enrich使充实;使丰富
后缀 例词
broad → broaden使变宽
-en
hard → harden使变硬
class → classify把……分类
-ify
beauty → beautify美化apology → apologize道歉
-ize
emphasis → emphasize强调
构词法二 转化法
在词形不变的情况下,把一个单词由一种词性转换成另一种词性,而没有加任何词缀,这种构词方法称为
转换法。转换法种类很多,但数量最多的是由名词转化为动词和由动词转化为名词两大类。转换后的词义
与转换前的词义通常有密切的联系,但有时差异也很大。
walk → take a walk散步
动词 → 名词
swim → have a swim游泳
book n. → v.预订
名词 → 动词
milk n. → v.挤奶
slow adj. → v.减慢
形容词 → 动词
narrow adj. → v.使变窄;(差距等)缩小
hard adj.困难的↔adv.努力地
high adj.高的↔adv.高
形容词↔副词
deep adj.深的↔adv.深
wide adj.宽的↔adv.广阔地
构词法三 合成法
把两个或两个以上的词素放到一起,这种构词法称为合成法。合成词通常由两个或两个以上的自由词素构
成不同词性,最常见的包括:名词合成词,形容词合成词,动词合成词。之间有的用连字符连接,有的直
接连接在一起。
1.合成名词
构成方式 例词
名词+名词 weekend周末
名词+动词 daybreak黎明
名词+动名词 handwriting书法
名词+及物动词+er/or pain-killer止痛药
名词+介词+名词 sister-in-law嫂子
代词+名词 she-wolf母狼,he-goat
动词+名词 typewriter打字机
动名词+名词 reading-room阅览室
现在分词+名词 flying-fish飞鱼形容词+名词 freshman大一新生
副词+动词 outlook景色,风光
介词+名词 afterbrain后脑
2.合成形容词
构成方式 例词
名词+形容词 bloodred血红的
名词+现在分词 French-speaking讲法语的
名词+to+名词 one-to-one一对一的
名词+过去分词 man-made人造的
数词+名词 one-way单行道的
数词+名词+形容词 three-year-old三岁的
数词+名词+ed ten-storeyed十层的
动词+副词 one-off 一次性的
形容词+名词 high-quality高质量的
形容词+名词+ed noble-minded高尚的
形容词+形容词 light-green浅绿色的
形容词+现在分词 ordinary-looking相貌一般的
副词+形容词 ever-green常青的
副词+现在分词 hard-working辛勤的
副词+过去分词 well-known著名的
副词+名词 fast-food提供快餐的
介词+名词 indoor室内的
3.合成动词
构成方式 例词
名词+动词 sleep-walk梦游
形容词+动词 white-wash粉刷
副词+动词 overwhelm压倒,制服
4.合成副词
构成方式 例词
形容词+名词 hotfoot匆忙地
形容词+副词 everywhere到处
副词+副词 however尽管如此
介词+名词 beforehand事先
介词+副词 forever永远
5.合成代词构成方式 例词
代词宾格+self herself 她自己,themselves
物主代词+self myself 我自己
形容词+名词 anything 一切
语法填空词形转换常考词汇表一
A
1. ability [əˈbɪlɪtɪ] n. 能力;才能
able [ˈeɪb(ə)l] a. 能够;有能力的
1. absence [ˈæbsəns] n. 不在,缺席
absent [ˈæbsənt] a. 缺席, 不在
3. academic [ækəˈdemɪk] a. / n. 学术的,教学的
academy [əˈkædəmɪ] n.专科学院,(美)私立学校
4. access [ˈækses] n. / v. 通道,入径,存取(计算机文件)
accessible [əkˈsesɪb(ə)l] a. 可到达的,可接受的
5. achieve [əˈtʃiːv] vt. 达到,取得
achievement [əˈtʃiːvmənt] n. 成就,成绩,功绩
6. act [ækt] n. 法令,条例 v. (戏)表演,扮演(角色),演出(戏);行动,做事
action [ˈækʃ(ə)n] n. 行动
active [ˈæktɪv] a. 积极的,主动的
activity [ækˈtɪvɪtɪ] n. 活动
7. adapt [əˈdæpt] v. 使适应,适合,改编
adaptation [ədæpˈteɪʃ(ə)n] n. 适应,改编本
8. adjust [əˈdʒʌst] v.调整,调节,适应,习惯
adjustment [əˈdʒʌstmənt] n. 调整,适应
9. admirable [ˈædmərəb(ə)l] a.值得赞赏的,可钦佩的
admire [ədˈmaɪə(r)] v. 钦佩;羡慕
admission [ədˈmɪʃ(ə)n] n. 准入, 接纳
admit [ədˈmɪt] vt. 承认,准许(入场,入学,入会)
10. advertise [ˈædvətaɪz] vt. 为……做广告
advertisement [ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt] n. 广告
11.agree [əˈɡriː] v. 同意;应允
agreement [əˈɡriːmənt] n. 同意,一致;协定,协议
12. amaze [əˈmeɪz] v. 惊奇,惊叹;震惊amazed 感到惊讶的
amazing [əˈmeɪzɪŋ] a.惊奇,惊叹的;震惊的
be amazed at 对..感到惊讶
13.amuse [əˈmjuːz] vt. (使人)快乐,逗乐
amused 感到愉快的
amusing 令人愉快的
amusement [əˈmjuːzmənt] n. 娱乐
14. analyze/ `ænl,aɪz / v. 分析
analysis [əˈnæləsɪs] n. 分析,分析结果
15.anger [ˈæŋɡə(r)] n. 怒,愤怒
angry [ˈænɡrɪ] a. 生气的,愤怒的
16.anxiety [æŋˈzaɪətɪ] n. 担忧,焦虑
anxious [ˈæŋkʃəs] a. 忧虑的,焦急的
17.apologize [əˈpɔlədʒaɪz] vi. 道歉,谢罪
apology [əˈpɔlədʒɪ] n. 道歉;歉意
18.appear [əˈpɪə(r)] vi. 出现
appearance [əˈpɪərəns] n. 出现,露面;容貌
19. application [æplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 申请
apply [əˈplaɪ]v. 申请
20. appoint [əˈpɔɪnt] v. 任命,委任,安排 appointment [əˈpɔɪntmənt] n. 约会
appreciate [əˈpriːʃɪeɪt] v. 欣赏; 感激
appreciation [əpriːʃɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 欣赏,鉴定,评估
21.appropriate [əˈprəʊprɪət] a. 合适的,恰当的
approximately [əprɔksɪˈmətlɪ] ad.近似,大约
22.argue [ˈɑːɡjuː]vi. 争辩, 争论
argument [ˈɑːɡjʊmənt] n. 争论,辩论
23.arrange [əˈreɪndʒ] v. 安排,布置
arrangement [əˈreɪndʒmənt]n. 安排,布置
24.arrival [əˈraɪv(ə)l] n. 到来,到达
arrive [əˈraɪv] vi. 到达; - at 小地方,- in大地方
25.assess [əˈses] v.评价,评定(性质,质量)
assessment [əˈsesmənt] n. 看法,评价
26.assist [əˈsɪst]v. 帮助,协助
assistance [əˈsɪst(ə)ns] n. 帮助,援助,支持
assistant [əˈsɪst(ə)nt] n. 助手,助理
27.associate [əˈsəʊʃɪeɪt] v. 联想,联系association [əsəʊsɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 协会,社团,联系
28.assume [əˈsjuːm; (US) əˈsuːm] v. 假定,假设
assumption [əˈsʌmpʃ(ə)n] n. 假定,假设
29.attract [əˈtrækt] v. 吸引,引起
attraction [əˈtrækʃ(ə)n] n. 吸引,爱慕
attractive [əˈtræktɪv] a. 迷人的,有吸引力的
B
1. bad (worse, worst) [bæd] a. 坏的;有害的,严重的
badly [ˈbædlɪ] ad. 坏,恶劣地
2.bath [bɑːθ; (US) bæθ] n. 洗澡;浴室;澡盆
bathe [beɪð] vi. 洗澡;游泳
3.beautiful [ˈbjuːtɪf(ə)l] a. 美,美丽,美观的
beauty [ˈbjuːtɪ] n. 美丽,美人
4. behave [bɪˈheɪv] v. 守规矩,行为
behaviour/ bɪ`heɪvjər / n. 行为,举止
5. beneficial [benɪˈfɪʃ(ə)l] a. 有利的,有帮助的,有用的
benefit [ˈbenɪfɪt] n. / v.优势,益处,使…受益
6. bored / bɔrd / a.(对人,事)厌倦的,烦闷的
boring / `bɔrɪŋ / a. 乏味的,无聊的
7.brave [breɪv] a. 勇敢的
bravery [ˈbreɪvərɪ] n. 勇气
8.breath [breθ] n. 气息;呼吸
breathe [briːð] vi. 呼吸
breathless [ˈbreθlɪs] a. 气喘吁吁的,上气不接下气的
9. build (built, built) [bɪld] v. 建筑;造
building [ˈbɪldɪŋ] n. 建筑物;房屋;大楼
C
1.care [keə(r)] n. 照料,保护;小心v. 介意……,在乎
careful [ˈkeəfʊl] a. 小心,仔细,谨慎的
careless [ˈkeəlɪs] a. 粗心的,漫不经心的
2. caution [ˈkɔːʃ(ə)n] n. 谨慎,小心,警告
cautious [ˈkɔːʃəs] a. 小心的,谨慎的
3.celebrate [ˈselɪbreɪt] v. 庆祝
celebration [selɪˈbreɪʃ(ə)n] n. 庆祝;庆祝会
4.entre 中心 central 中心的
5. certain [ˈsɜːt(ə)n] a.确定的,无疑的;一定会……certainly [ˈsɜːtənlɪ] ad. 当然;一定,无疑
6. challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒ] n.挑战(性)
challenging [ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ] a.具有挑战性的
7.changeable [ˈtʃeɪndʒəb(ə)l] a.易变的,变化无常的
change [tʃeɪndʒ] n. 零钱;找头v. 改变,变化;更换;
8.cheer [tʃɪə(r)] n. & vi.欢呼; 喝彩
Cheer up [tʃɪə(r)-ʌp] 振作起来!提起精神!
cheerful [ˈtʃɪəfʊl] a.兴高采烈的,快活的
cheers [tʃɪə(r)] int. 干杯,(口)谢谢,再见
9.chemical [ˈkemɪk(ə)l] a. 化学的 n. 化学品
chemist [ˈkemɪst] n. 药剂师;化学家
chemistry [ˈkemɪstrɪ] n. 化学
10.child (复children) [tʃaɪld] n. 孩子,儿童
childhood [ˈtʃaɪldhʊd] n. 幼年时代,童年
11.civil [ˈsɪv(ə)l] a. 国内的;平民(非军人)的;民用的
civilian [sɪˈvɪlɪən] n. 平民,老百姓
civilization [sɪvɪlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n; n. 文明
12.clean [kliːn] vt. 弄干净,擦干净 a. 清洁的,干净的
cleaner [kliːnə(r)] n.清洁工.,清洁器.,清洁剂
13.clear [klɪə(r)] a. 清晰;明亮的;清楚的
clearly [ˈklɪəlɪ] ad. 清楚地,无疑地
14.cloud [ˈkləʊðɪŋ] n. 云;云状物;阴影
cloudy [ˈklaʊdɪ] a. 多云的,阴天的
15.comfort [ˈkʌmfət] n. 安慰; 慰问
comfortable [ˈkʌmfətəb(ə)l; (US) ˈkʌmfərtəbl] a. 舒服的;安逸的;舒服自在的
16.commit [kəˈmɪt] v.犯(罪,错),自杀
commitment [kəˈmɪtmənt] n. 承诺,允诺,承担
17.communicate [kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt] v. 交际;传达(感情,信息等)
communication [kəmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] n.交际,通讯
18.compete [kəmˈpiːt] vi. 比赛,竞赛
competence [ˈkɔmpətəns] n.能力,胜任,管辖权
competition [kɔmpəˈtɪʃ(ə)n] n. 比赛,竞赛
competitor [kəmˈpetɪtə(r)] n. 竞赛者,比赛者
19.conclude [kənˈkluːd] v. 完成,结束
conclusion [kənˈkluːʒ(ə)n] n. 结论;结束
20.consider [kənˈsɪdə(r)] vt. 考虑considerate [kənˈsɪdərət] a. 体贴的
consideration [kənsɪdəˈreɪʃ(ə)n] n. 考虑;关心
21.convenience n. convenient adj. 方便的
22.construct [kənˈstrʌkt] v. 构筑;建造,建设
construction [kənˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n] n.建造,建设,建筑物
D
1.danger [ˈdeɪndʒə(r)] n. 危险
dangerous [ˈdeɪndʒərəs] a. 危险的
2.dark [dɑːk] n. 黑暗;暗处;日暮 a. 黑暗的;深色的
darkness [ˈdɑːknɪs] n. 黑暗,阴暗
3.die [daɪ] v. 死 dead 死的,无生命的
death [deθ] n. 死
4.decide [dɪˈsaɪd] v. 决定;下决心
decision [dɪˈsɪʒ(ə)n] n. 决定;决心
5.deep [diːp] a. 深 ad. 深;深厚
deeply [ˈdiːplɪ] ad. 深深地
depth [depθ] n. 深,深度
66.delight [dɪˈlaɪt] n. 快乐;乐事
delighted [di'laitid] a. 高兴的,快乐的
7.develop [dɪˈveləp] v. (使)发展;(使)发达;(使)发育;开发 vt. 冲洗(照片)
development [dɪˈveləpmənt] n. 发展,发达,发育,
8.devote [dɪˈvəʊt] vt. 把…奉献, 把…专用(于)
devotion [dɪˈvəʊʃ(ə)n] n. 奉献,奉献精神
9.differ [ˈdɪfə(r)] v. 相异,有区别
difference [ˈdɪfrəns] n. 不同
different [ˈdɪfrənt] a. 不同的,有差异的
10.difficult [ˈdɪfɪkəlt] a.难;艰难;不易相处
difficulty [ˈdɪfɪkəltɪ] n. 困难,费力
11.disagree [dɪsəˈɡriː] vi. 意见不一致,持不同意见
disagreement [dɪsəˈɡriːmənt] n. 意见不一致;争论
12.disappoint [dɪsəˈpɔɪnt]vt. 使失望
be disappointed at 感到失望的
disappointing令人失望的
disappointment [dɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt] n. 失望;沮丧
13.discover [dɪˈskʌvə(r)] vt. 发现
discovery [dɪˈskʌvərɪ] n. 发现14.discuss [dɪsˈkʌs] vt. 讨论,议论
discussion [dɪsˈkʌʃ(ə)n] n. 讨论,辩论
15.distance [ˈdɪstəns] n. 距离
distant [ˈdɪst(ə)nt] a. 远的,遥远的
E
1.easy [ˈiːzɪ] a. 容易的,不费力的
easily [ˈiːzɪlɪ] ad. 容易地
2.east [iːst]a. 东方;东部的;朝东的; ad. 在东方;
eastern [ˈiːst(ə)n] a. 东方的;东部的
3.educate [ˈedjʊkeɪt] vt. 教育,培养
educator ['edju:keitə(r)] n. 教育家
education [edjʊˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 教育,培养
4.engine [ˈendʒɪn] n. 发动机,引擎
engineer [endʒɪˈnɪə(r)] n. 工程师;技师
5.enjoy [ɪnˈdʒɔɪ] vt.欣赏;享受乐趣;喜欢
enjoyable [ɪnˈdʒɔɪəb(ə)l]a. 愉快的;有趣的
6.equal [ˈiːkw(ə)l] a.平等的 vt.等于,使等于
equality [iːˈkwɔlətɪ] n. 平等
82.equip [ɪˈkwɪp] vt. 提供设备;装备;配备
equipment [ɪˈkwɪpmənt] n. 装备,设备
7.exact [ɪɡˈzækt] a. 精确的;确切的
exactly [ex'act·ly] ad. 精确地;确切地
8.exist [ɪg'zɪst] vi. 存在
existence [ɪɡˈzɪst(ə)ns] n.存在;生存;存在物
9.explain [ɪksˈpleɪn] vt. 解释,说明
explanation [ekspləˈneɪʃ(ə)n] n. 解释,说明
10.express [ɪkˈspres] vt. 表达;表情 n. 快车,特快专递
expression [ɪkˈspreʃ(ə)n]n. 表达;词句;表情
11.extreme [ɪkˈstriːm] a. 极其的,非常的
extremely [ɪkˈstriːmlɪ] ad. 极其,非常
F
1.fail [feɪl] v. 失败;不及格;衰退
failure [ˈfeɪljə(r)] n. 失败
2.fair [feə(r)] a. 公平的,合理的 a. (肤色)白皙的; (人)白肤金发的 n. 集市;庙会;展览会
fairly [ˈfeəlɪ] ad. 公正地,正当地;相当(程度)地
fairness ['fɛənis] n. 公平;公正3.firm [fɜːm] n.公司;企业 a.坚固的,坚定的
firmly [ˈfɜːmlɪ] ad. 牢牢地
4.fluency ['fluənsi] n.(外语)流利,流畅
fluent [ˈfluːənt] a. (外语)流利的,流畅
5.fool [fuːl] n. 傻子,蠢人
foolish [ˈfuːlɪʃ] a. 愚蠢的,傻的
6.foreign [ˈfɔrən; (US) ˈfɔːrɪn] a. 外国的
foreigner [ˈfɔrənə(r)] n. 外国人
7.forget [fəˈrevə(r)] (forgot, forgotten) v. 忘记;忘掉
forgetful [fəˈɡetfʊl] a. 健忘的,不留心的
8.fortunate [ˈfɔːtʃənət] a. 幸运的; 侥幸的
fortune [ˈfɔːtjuːn, ˈfɔːtʃuːn] n. 财产;运气
9.free [friː] a. 自由,空闲的;免费的
freedom [ˈfriːdəm] n. 自由
10.friend [frend] n. 朋友
friendly [ˈfrendlɪ] a. 友好的
friendship [ˈfrendʃɪp] n. 友谊,友情
G
1.gift [ɡɪft] n. 赠品;礼物
gifted [ˈɡɪftɪd] a. 有天赋的;有才华的
2.grow (grew, grown) [ɡrəʊ] v. 生长;发育;种植;变成
growth [ɡrəʊθ] n. 生长,增长
3. guidance [ˈɡaɪdəns] n. 引导,指导
guide [ɡaɪd] n. 向导,导游者
H
1. happy [ˈhæpɪ] a.幸福;快乐的,高兴的
happily ['hæpɪlɪ] ad. 幸福地,快乐地
happiness [ˈhæpɪnɪs] n. 幸福,愉快
2. hard [hɑːd] ad. 努力地;使劲;猛烈地 a.硬的;困难的;艰难的
hardly [ˈhɑːdlɪ] ad. 几乎不
hardship [ˈhɑːdʃɪp] n. 困难
3. harm [hɑːm] n.&v. 伤害;损伤
harmful [ˈhɑːmfʊl] a.有害的;致伤的
harmless [ˈhɑːmlɪs] a. 无害的;不致伤的
4. health [helθ] n. 健康,卫生
healthy [ˈhelθɪ] a. 健康的,健壮的5.heavy [ˈhevɪ] a. 重的
heavily [ˈhevɪlɪ] ad. 重地,大量地
6.help [help] n. & vt. 帮助,帮忙
helpful [ˈhelpfʊl] a. 有帮助的,有益的
7.hope [həʊp] n.& v. 希望
hopeful [ˈhəʊpfʊl] a. 有希望的;有前途的
hopeless a.没有希望,不可救药的
8.humorous [ˈhjuːmərəs] a. 富于幽默的
humour (美humor) ['hju:mə] n.幽默,幽默感
9. hunger [ˈhʌŋɡə(r)] n. 饥饿
hungry [ˈhʌŋɡrɪ] a. (饥)饿的
I
1. ill [ɪl] a. 有病的;不健康的
illness [ˈɪlnɪs] n. 疾病
1. importance [ɪmˈpɔːt(ə)ns] n. 重要性
important [ɪmˈpɔːtənt] a. 重要的
3. imagine vt. 想象 imaginary adj. 想象的
imagination n. 想象
4. impossible [ɪmˈpɔsɪb(ə)l] a. 不可能的
possible 可能的
5. impress [ɪmˈpres] vt. 留下极深的印象
impression [ɪmˈpreʃ(ə)n] n. 印象,感觉
6. improve 改善,提高 improvement
7.independent 独立的 independence
8. instruct [ɪnˈstrʌkt] vt. 通知;指示;教
instruction [ɪnˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n] n. 说明,须知;教导
9. interest [ˈɪntrəst] n. 兴趣,趣味;利息
interesting [ˈɪntrətɪŋ] a. 有趣的
interested 感兴趣的
10. intelligence 智力,intelligent 聪明的
11. introduce [ɪntrəˈdjuːs; (US) -duːs] vt. 介绍
introduction [ɪntrəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n] n. 引进,介绍
12. invent [ɪnˈvent] vt. 发明,创造
invention [ɪnˈvenʃ(ə)n] n. 发明,创造
13. invitation [ɪnvɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n] n. 邀请,请帖
invite [ɪnˈvaɪt] vt. 邀请,招待J
1. judge [dʒʌdʒ] n. 裁判;审判员;法官vt. 判断,断定
judgement ['dʒʌdʒmənt] n. 裁判
2. juice [dʒuːs] n. 汁、液
juicy [dʒuːsɪ] a. 多汁的;水分多的
K
1. kind [kaɪnd] n. 种;类 a. 善良,友好的
kindness [ˈkaɪndnɪs] n. 仁慈;善良
L
1. last [lɑːst; (US) læst] a.最近刚过去;最后的ad.最近刚过去;最后地 n.最后v.持续
late [leɪt] a.晚的,迟的ad.晚地,迟地
lately [ˈleɪtlɪ] ad. 最近,不久前
later [ˈleɪtə(r)] a. 晚些的,迟些的
latest [ˈleɪtɪst] a.最近,最新的;最晚的
latter [ˈlætə(r)] n.(两者之中的)后者
2.lazy 懒惰的 lazily 懒惰地 laziness n. 懒惰
3. laugh [lɑːf] n.& v. 笑,大笑;嘲笑
laughter [ˈlɑːftə(r); (US) ˈlæftər] n. 笑; 笑声
4. learn (learnt, learnt;--ed --ed) [lɜːn] vt. 学,学习,学会
learned [ˈlɜːnɪd] a. 有才华的;博学的
5. live [lɪv] vi. 生活;居住;活着 a. 活的,活着的;实况,现场(直播)的
lively [ˈlaɪvlɪ] a. 活泼的;充满生气的
living [ˈlɪvɪŋ] a. 活着的 n. 生计
6. legal 合法的 illegal 违法的
7. loud [laʊd] a. 大声的
loudly [laʊdlɪ] ad. 大声地
8. love [lʌv] n.& vt. 爱;热爱;很喜欢
lovely [ˈlʌvlɪ] a. 美好的,可爱的
9. luck [lʌk] n. 运气,好运
lucky [ˈlʌkɪ] a. 运气好,侥幸
M
1. marriage [ˈmærɪdʒ] n. 结婚,婚姻
married [ˈmærɪd] a. 已婚的
marry [ˈmærɪ] v.(使)成婚,结婚
2. memory [ˈmemərɪ] n. 回忆,记忆
memorize [ˈmeməraɪz] v. 记忆3.mental [ˈment(ə)l] a. 精神的;脑力的
mentally [ˈmentəlɪ] ad. 精神上;智力上
4.merciful [ˈmɜːsɪfʊl] a. 仁慈的;宽大的
mercy [ˈmɜːsɪ] n. 怜悯
5.mess [mes] n. 凌乱
messy [ˈmesɪ] a. 乱七八糟的
6. mistake (mistook, mistaken) [mɪsˈteɪk] n. 错误 vt. 弄错
mistaken [mɪsˈteɪkən] a. 错误的
7. mix [mɪks] v. 混合,搅拌
mixture [ˈmɪkstʃə(r)] n. 混合物
8. move [muːv] v. 移动,搬动,搬家
movement [ˈmuːvmənt] n. 运动,活动
9. modern 现代的 modernize vt.使现代化
modernization 现代化
N
1. nature [ˈneɪtʃə(r)] n. 自然, 性质,种类
natural [ˈnætʃər(ə)l] a. 自然的
2. nation 国家 national 国家的
nationality 国籍
3. near [nɪə(r)] a. 近的 ad. 附近,邻近 prep. 在……附近,靠近
nearby [ˈnɪəbaɪ] a. 附近的
nearly [ˈnɪəlɪ] ad. 将近,几乎
4. necessary 必需的 necessarily 必需地
necessity n. 必需品
5. nine [naɪn] num. 九
ninth [naɪnθ] num. 第九
6. noise [nɔɪz] n. 声音,噪声,喧闹声
noisily ['nɔɪzɪlɪ] ad. 喧闹地
noisy [ˈnɔɪzɪ] a. 喧闹的,嘈杂的
7. normal [ˈnɔːm(ə)l] n.& a. 正常的(状态)
abnormal 反常的 normally adv.正常地
8. north [nɔːθ] a.北的;朝北的;从北来的 ad.向(在,从)北方 n.北;北方;北部
northern [ˈnɔːð(ə)n] a. 北方的,北部的
northwards [ˈnɔːθwədz] ad. 向北
9. novel [ˈnɔv(ə)l] n. (长篇)小说
novelist [ˈnɔvəlɪst] n. 小说家10. nurse [nɜːs] n. 护士;保育员
nursery [ˈnɜːsərɪ] n. 托儿所
nursing [nɜːsɪŋ] n.(职业性的)保育,护理
O
1. operate[ˈɔpəreɪt] v. 做手术,运转;实施,负责, 经营,管理
operation [ɔpəˈreɪʃ(ə)n] n. 手术,操作
operator [ˈɔpəreɪtə(r)] n. 接线员
2. oppose [əˈpəʊz] vt. 反对;反抗
opposite [ˈɔpəzɪt] n. 相反,对面 a. 相反的,对面的
3. organize ['ɔ:gənaiz] vt. 组织
organiser (organizer) ['ɔ:gənaizə] n. 组织者
organization [ɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n]n. 组织,机构
P
1. pain [peɪn] n. 疼痛,疼
painful [ˈpeɪnfʊl] a. 使痛的,使痛苦的
paint [peɪnt] n.油漆 vt.油漆,粉刷,绘画
painter [ˈpeɪntə(r)] n. 绘画者,(油)画家
painting [ˈpeɪntɪŋ] n. 油画,水彩画
2. part [pɑːt] n. 部分;成分
partly [ˈpɑːtlɪ] ad.部分地,在一定程度上
3. patience n. 容忍;耐心
patient [ˈpeɪʃ(ə)nt] n. 病人,耐心的
4. peace [piːs] n. 和平
peaceful [ˈpiːsfʊl] a. 和平的,安宁的
5. perform [pəˈfɔːm] v. 表演,履行;行动
performance [pəˈfɔːm] n. 演出,表演
performer [pəˈfɔːmə(r)] n. 表演者,执行者
6. person [ˈpɜːs(ə)n] n. 人
personal [ˈpɜːsən(ə)l] a. 个人的,私人的
personnel [pɜːsəˈnel] n. 全体人员,职员
personally [ˈpɜːsənəlɪ] ad. 就自己而言
7.physical [ˈfɪzɪk(ə)l] a. 身体的;物理的
physician [fɪˈzɪʃ(ə)n] n.(有行医执照的)医生
8. physicist [ˈfɪzɪsɪst] n. 物理学家
physics [ˈfɪzɪks] n. 物理(学)
9. pleasant [ˈplezənt] a. 令人愉快的,舒适的please [pliːz] v. 请,使人高兴,使人满意
pleased [pliːzd] a. 高兴的
pleasure [pliːzd] n. 高兴,愉快
10. poem [ˈpəʊɪm] n. 诗
poet [ˈpəʊɪt] n. 诗人
11. poison [ˈpɔɪz(ə)n] n. 毒药
poisonous [ˈpɔɪzənəs] a. 有毒的,致命的
12. pollute [pəˈluːt] vt. 污染
pollution [pəˈluːʃ(ə)n] n. 污染
13. possess [pəˈzɪʃ(ə)n] vt. 占有;拥有
possession [pəˈzeʃ(ə)n] n. 所有,拥有;财产,所有物
14. possibility [pɔsɪˈbɪlɪtɪ] vn. 可能,可能性
possible [ˈpɔsɪb(ə)l] a. 可能的
15. power [ˈpaʊdə(r)] n. 力,动力,电力
powerful [ˈpaʊəfʊl] a. 效力大的,强有力的,强大的
16. practical [ˈpræktɪk(ə)l] a. 实际的,适用的
practice(s)e [ˈpræktɪs] n. 练习
17. prefer [prɪˈfɜː(r)] vt.宁愿(选择),更喜欢
preference [ˈprefərəns] n. 选择,趋向
18. preparation [prepəˈreɪʃ(ə)n] n. 准备
prepare [prɪˈpeə(r)] vt. 准备,预备,调制,配制
19.press [ˈprezɪdənt] vt.压,按 n.新闻界,出版社
pressure [ˈpreʃə(r)] n. 压迫,压力,压强
20. probable [ˈprɔbəb(ə)l] a.很可能,很有希望的
probably [ˈprɔbəb(ə)lɪ] ad. 很可能,大概
21. produce [prəˈdjuːs; (US) -ˈduːs] vt. 生产;制造
product [ˈprɔdʌkt] n. 产品,制品
production [prəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n] n. 生产;制造
22. pronounce [prəˈnaʊns] vt. 发音
pronunciation [prənʌnsɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 发音
23. proper [ˈprɔpə(r)] a. 恰当的,合适的
properly [ˈprɔpəlɪ] ad. 适当地
24. protect [prəˈtekt] vt. 保护
protection [prəˈtekʃ(ə)n] n. 保护
25. proud [praʊd] a. 自豪的;骄傲的
pride [praɪd] n. 自豪,骄傲26. puzzle [ˈpʌz(ə)l] n. 难题,(字、画)谜
puzzled [ˈpʌz(ə)l] a. 迷惑的,困惑的
R
1. rain [reɪn] n. 雨,雨水 vi. 下雨
rainy [ˈreɪnɪ] a. 下雨的;多雨的
2. real [riːl] a. 真实的,确实的
reality [rɪˈælɪtɪ] n. 现实
realise (美realize) [ˈrɪəlaɪz] vt.认识到,实现
really v [ˈrɪəlɪ] ad. 真正地;到底;确实
3. reason [ˈriːz(ə)n] vi.评理,劝说n.理由,原因
reasonable [ˈriːzənəb(ə)l] a. 合乎情理的
4. refusal [rɪˈfjuːz(ə)l] n. 拒绝
refuse [rɪˈfjuːz] vi. 拒绝,不愿
5. relate [rɪˈleɪt] vi. 有关; 涉及
relation [rɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n] n. 关系; 亲属
relationship [rɪˈleɪʃənʃɪp] n. 关系
relative [ˈrelətɪv] n. 亲属,亲戚
6. rely [rɪˈlaɪ] v. 依赖,依靠
reliable [rɪˈlaɪəb(ə)l] a. 可信赖的,可依靠的
7. religion [rɪˈlɪdʒən] n. 宗教
religious [rɪˈlɪdʒəs] a. 宗教的
8. require [rɪˈkwaɪə(r)] vt. 需求;要求
requirement [rɪˈkwaɪəmənt] n. 需要; 要求; 必要的条件
9. reservation [rezəˈveɪʃ(ə)n] n. 预定
reserve [rɪˈzɜːv] n. & v. 储备;预定
S
1.sad [sæd] a. (使人)悲伤的
sadness [ˈsædnɪs] n. 悲哀,忧伤
2. safe [seɪf] a. 安全的 n. 保险柜
safety [ˈseɪftɪ] n. 安全,保险
3. sail [seɪl] n. 航行 v. 航行,开航
sailing [ˈseɪlɪŋ] n. 航海
sailor [ˈseɪlə(r)] n. 水手,海员
4. salt [sɔːlt, sɔlt] n. 盐
salty [ˈsɔːltɪ, ˈsɔltɪ] a. 盐的,咸的,含盐的
5. scene [sɪːn] n. (戏剧、电影等的)一场,场景,布景scenery [ˈsiːnərɪ] n. 风景,景色,风光
6.science [ˈsaɪəns] n. 科学,自然科学
scientific [saɪənˈtɪfɪk] a. 科学的
scientist [ˈsaɪəntɪst] n. 科学家
7. secure [sɪˈkjʊə(r)] a.安心的,有把握的,牢靠的
security [sɪˈkjʊərɪtɪ] n. 安全,平安
8. serve [sɜːv] vt. 招待(顾客等),服务
service [ˈsɜːvɪs] n. 服务
9. settle [ˈset(ə)l] vi. 安家,定居
settlement [ˈsetəlmənt] n. 新拓居地;(美)部落,村落
settler [ˈsetlə(r)] n. 移居者,开拓者
10.sick [sɪk] a.有病,患病的,(想)呕吐
sickness [ˈsɪknɪs] n. 疾病
11. silence[ˈsaɪləns] n. 安静,沉默
silentˈsaɪlənt] a. 无声的,无对话的
12. simple[ˈsɪmp(ə)l] a. 简单的,简易的
simplify[ˈsɪmplɪfaɪ] v. 使简化,使简易
simply [ˈsɪmplɪ] ad.简单地,(加强语气)的确
13. skill [skiː] n. 技能,技巧
skilled [skiː] a. 熟练的;有技能的
skillful [ˈskɪlf(ə)l]a. 熟练,精湛的,灵巧的
skillfully ['skilfuli] ad. 精湛地,巧妙地
14. sleep [sliːp]n. 睡觉
sleep (slept, slept) [sliːp] vi. 睡觉
sleepy [sliːp]a. 想睡的,困倦的,瞌睡的
15.smell (smelt, smelt 或-ed,-ed) [smel] v. 嗅,闻到;发气味 n. 气味
smelly [ˈsmelɪ] a. 有臭味的,发出臭味的
16.smoke [smaɪl] n. 烟 v. 冒烟;吸烟
smoker [ˈsməʊkə(r)] n. 吸烟者
smoking [ˈsməʊkɪŋ]n. 吸烟,抽烟;冒烟
17.snow [snəʊ] n. 雪 vi.下雪
snowy [ˈsnəʊɪ] a. 雪(白)的;下雪的;多(积)雪的
18.social [ˈsəʊʃ(ə)l]a. 社会的;社交的
socialism [ˈsəʊʃəlɪz(ə)m] n. 社会主义
socialist [ˈsəʊʃəlɪst] a. 社会主义的
society [səˈsaɪətɪ]n. 社会19.spirit [ˈspɪrɪt]n. 精神
spiritual [ˈspɪrɪtʃʊəl]a. 精神的; 心灵的
20. strength [streŋθ] n. 力量,力气
strengthen [ˈstreŋθ(ə)n] vt. 加强,增强
strong [strɔŋ; (US) strɔːɡ] a. 强(壮)的;坚固的;强烈的;坚强的
21. succeed [səkˈsiːd] vi. 成功
success [səkˈses] n. 成功
successful [səkˈsesfʊl] a. 成功的,有成就的
22. suffer [ˈsʌfə(r)] vi. 受苦,遭受
suffering [ˈsʌfərɪŋ] n. 痛苦,苦难
23. suggest [səˈdʒest; (US) səɡˈdʒest] vt. 建议,提议
suggestion [səˈdʒestʃ(ə)n] n. 建议
24. sun [sʌn] n. 太阳,阳光
sunny [ˈsʌnɪ] a. 晴朗的;阳光充足的
25. surround [səˈraʊnd]vt. 围绕;包围
surrounding [səˈraʊndɪŋ] a. 周围的
26. survival [səˈvaɪv(ə)l] n. 存活,幸存
survive [səˈvaɪv] v.生存,存活,幸免于难
T
1. technical [ˈteknɪk(ə)l] a. 技术的,工艺的
technique [ˈteknɪk(ə)l] n. 技术;技巧,方法
technology [tekˈnɔlədʒɪ] n. 技术
2. thank [θæŋk] vt. 感谢,致谢,道谢 n. (复)感谢,谢意
thankful [ˈθæŋkfʊl] a. 感谢的,感激的
3. theoretical [θɪəˈretɪk(ə)l] a. 理论的
theory [θɪəˈretɪk(ə)l] n. 理论
4. thirst [θɜːd] n. 渴; 口渴
thirsty [ˈθɜːstɪ] a. 渴
5. tire [ˈtaɪə(r)] vi. 使疲劳
tired [ˈtaɪəd] a. 疲劳的,累的
tiresome a. 令人厌倦的
6. total [ˈtəʊt(ə)l] a. 总数的;总括的;完全的,全然的 n.合计,总计 v.合计为
totally [ˈtɔt(ə)lɪ] ad. 总合地,完全地
7. tour [tʊə(r)] n. 参观, 观光, 旅行
tourism [ˈtʊərɪz(ə)m] n. 旅游业;观光
tourist [ˈtʊərɪst] vn. 旅行者,观光者8. tradition [trəˈdɪʃ(ə)n] n. 传统,风俗
traditional [trəˈdɪʃ(ə)n] a. 传统的,风俗的
9. train [treɪn] n. 火车 v. 培训,训练
trainer [treɪˈnə(r)] n. 训练人;教练
training [ˈtreɪnɪŋ] n. 培训
10. translate [trænsˈleɪt] vt. 翻译
translation [trænsˈleɪʃ(ə)n] n. 翻译;译文
translator [træns'leitə] n. 翻译家,译者
11. travel [ˈtræv(ə)l] n.& vi.旅行
traveler [ˈtrævələ(r)] n. 旅行者
12. treat [triːt] vt. 对待,看待
treatment [ˈtriːtmənt] n. 治疗,疗法
13. trouble [ˈtrʌb(ə)l] vt. 使苦恼,使忧虑,使麻烦 n.问题,疾病,烦恼,麻烦
troublesome [ˈtrʌb(ə)lsəm] a.令人烦恼, 讨厌
14. true [truː] a. 真的,真实的;忠诚的
truly [ˈtruːlɪ] ad. 真正地,真实地
truth [truːθ] n. 真理,事实,真相,实际
15. type [ˈtaɪp] vt. 打字
typist [ˈtaɪpɪst] n. 打字员
U-V
1.unfortunate [ʌnˈfəʊld] a. 不幸的
unfortunately [ʌnˈfɔːtjʊnətlɪ] ad. 不幸地
2. use [juːz] n.& vt.利用,使用,应用
useful [ˈjuːsfʊl] a. 有用的,有益的
useless [ˈjuːslɪs] a. 无用的
user [ˈjuːzə] n. 使用者;用户
3. usual [ˈjuːʒʊəl] a. 通常的,平常的
usually [ˈjuːʒʊəlɪ] ad. 通常,经常
4. valuable [ˈvæljʊəb(ə)l] a. 值钱的,贵重的
value [ˈvæljuː] n. 价值,益处
V-W
1.variety [vəˈraɪətɪ] n. 种种,种类
various [ˈveərɪəs] a. 各种各样的,不同的
2. violence [ˈvaɪələns] n. 暴力行为
violent [ˈvaɪələnt] a. 暴力的
3. violin [vaɪəˈlɪn] n. 小提琴violinist [vaɪəˈlɪnɪst] n. 提琴家,提琴手
4. visit [ˈviːzə] n.& vt. 参观,访问,拜访
visitor [ˈvɪzɪtə(r)] n. 访问者,参观者
5. wait [weɪt] vi. 等,等候
waiter [ˈweɪtə(r)] n. (餐厅)男服务员
waitress [tres] n. 女服务员
6. warm [wɔːm] a. 暖和的,温暖的;热情的
warmth [wɔːmθ] n. 暖和,温暖
7. weak [wiːk] a. 差的,弱的,淡的
weakness [ˈwiːknɪs] n. 软弱
8. wealth [welθ] n. 财产,财富
wealthy [ˈwelθɪ] a. 富的
9. week [wiːk] n. 星期,周
weekday [ˈwiːkdeɪ] n. 平日
weekend [wiːkˈend, ˈwiːkend] n. 周末
weekly [ˈwiːklɪ] a. 每周的
10. weigh [weɪ] vt. 称…的重量,重(若干)
weight [weɪt] n. 重,重量
11. wind [wɪnd] n. 风
windy [ˈwɪndɪ] a. 有风的,多风的
12. wisdom [ˈwɪzdəm] n. 智慧
wise [waɪz] a. 聪明,英明的,有见识的
13. wonder [ˈwʌndə(r)] v. 对…疑惑,感到惊奇,想知道 n. 惊讶,惊叹;奇迹
wonderful [ˈwʌndəfʊl] a. 美妙的,精彩的;了不起的;太好了
14. wood [ˈwʌndəfʊl] n.木头,木材,(复)树木,森林
wooden [ˈwʊd(ə)n] a. 木制的
15. woo [wʊl] l n. 羊毛,羊绒
woollen ['wulin] a. 羊毛的,羊毛制的
16. work [wɜːk] n. 工作,劳动,事情 vi. 工作;(机器、器官等)运转,活动
workday ['wə:kdei] n. 工作日
worker [ˈwɜːkə(r)] n. 工人;工作者
workforce ['wə:kfɔ:s] n. 劳动力
workmate ['wə:kfɔ:s] n. 同事;工友
workplace [wɜːkpleɪs] n.工作场所,车间
works [wɜːks] n. 著作,作品
17. worried ['wɜrɪd /'wʌ-] a. 担心的,烦恼的worry [ˈwʌrɪ] n.& v.烦恼,担忧,发怒,困扰
18. worth [wɜːθ] a. 有…的价值,值得…的
worthless [ˈwɜːθlɪs] a.没有价值,没有用的
worthwhile [wɜːθˈwaɪl] a. 值得做的
worthy [wɜːθˈwaɪl] a. 值得的
语法填空常考词汇表二
1. -able是形容词后缀, 表示“能……的, 可……的; 具有……”
movable 可移动的
believable 可相信的
enjoyable 令人愉快的
changeable 易变的
favourable adj. 赞同的
respectable adj. 可敬的
adaptable adj. 可适应的
deniable adj. 可否认的
reasonable adj. 合理的
2.表示程度 -ly的副词
entirely adv. 完全地, 全部地
completely adv. 完全地, 十分地.
extremely adv. 非常, 极其
totally adv. 完全
perfectly完美地
3. -ship表示状态; 性质; 品质; 地位; 职位
scholarship 奖学金 friendship 友谊
leadership 领导地位 relationship 关系
hardship 苦难 membership 成员资格
professorship 教授职位 membership 全体成员
ownership 所有权
4. -ing/-ed”结尾的形容词聚焦
shocking令人震惊的 shocked感到震惊的
frightening令人恐惧的 frightened受惊的
terrifying令人害怕的 terrified感到害怕的
disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的
surprising令人吃惊的 surprised感到吃惊的5. 后缀-al加在动词或名词后面构成形容词或名词, 表示“事物的动作, 过程”
original 原来的, 起初
traditional 传统的
personal 个人的
occasional 偶尔; 有时候
emotional 情感的
nutritional adj. 营养(物)的
refusal n. 拒绝, 回绝; 谢绝
arrival n. 到来; 到达; 到达者
survival n. 幸存(者); 继续生存
approval n. 赞成, 赞同, 赞许; 批准
practical 实践的
essential 不可或缺的
mental 精神的
vital 重要的
electrical 与电有关的
physical 身体的
6. 后缀-ing在动词后构成形容词, “令人……的”
frightening 吓人的; 可怕的
exciting 令人兴奋的; 令人激动的
encouraging 令人鼓舞的
moving 令人感动的
astonishing 令人震惊的
7. 形容词变为名词将词尾的-t变成-ce的单词
dependent adj. 依靠的→dependence n. 依靠
existent adj. 存在的→existence n. 存在
important adj. 重要的→importance n. 重要性
patient adj. 有耐心的→patience n. 耐心
convenient adj. 方便的→convenience n. 方便
independent adj. 独立的→independence
absent adj. 缺席的, 缺少的→absence
significant adj. 重大的; 有意义的→significance
brilliant adj.灿烂的; 杰出的→brilliance
8. 动词+ing→形容词
embarrass vt.→embarrassing adj. 让人难堪的
disappoint vt.→disappointing adj. 令人失望的excite vt.→exciting adj. 令人兴奋的
interest vt.→interesting adj. 有趣的
frighten v.→frightening adj. 令人恐惧的
warn vt →warning adj. 警告的; 告诫的
move vt→moving adj. 令人感动的
touch vt→touching adj. 动人的; 令人感伤的
dare vt→daring adj. 勇敢的; 大胆的; 蛮横的
interest vt→interesting adj. 有趣味的
surprise vt→surprising adj. 惊人的; 奇异的; 意外的
9.后缀-ion, -sion, -tion加在动词后面, 表示“行为的过程, 结果, 状况”
indication n. 表明
hesitation n. 犹豫
graduation n. 毕业
translation n. 翻译
accommodation n. 住宿
prohibition n. 禁止; 阻止; 禁令
action n. 行动, 作用
conclusion n. 结论; 推论; 最后的决定
construction n. 建设; 建筑
expression n. 表达; 词句; 表情
position 位置
action 行动; 行为
invention 发明
collection 收藏; 收藏品
instruction 指示; 说明
-sion 名词后缀
extension 延长, 扩展
profession 职业
decision 决定
conclusion 结论
expansion 扩张
10. 后缀-ment加在动词后面构成名词, 表示“行为、状态、过程、手段及其结果”
commitment n. 承诺; 交托
treatment n. 对待; 治疗
movement n. 运动; 移动
judgment n. 审判; 判决punishment n. 罚, 处罚; 刑罚
11. 以-ness结尾的名词
ill→illness 疾病
kind→kindness 仁慈; 好意
soft→ softness 柔软
dark→ darkness 黑暗
happy→happiness 幸福; 快乐
12. 以“-ify”结尾的动词荟萃
简化 simplify
美化 beautify
净化 purify
鉴定; 识别出identify
分类 classify
使恐惧 horrify
13. 以-ial结尾的形容词
influential有影响力的
artificial人工的
official官方的
beneficial有益的
social社会的
essential至关重要的
facial面部的
potential潜在的
special特殊的
racial种族的
14. 后缀-ern构成的方位形容词
eastern 东方的; 东部的; 来自东方的
western 西方的; 西部的; 来自西方的
southern 南方的; 南部的; 来自南方的
northern 北方的; 北部的; 来自北方的
northwestern 西北方的; 来自西北的
southeastern 东南方的; 来自东南的
15. un-常用于形容词前构成反义词
un+believable→unbelievable 难以置信的
un+happy→unhappy 不幸福的
un+kind→unkind 不友善的un+fit→unfit 不健康的
un+comfortable→uncomfortable 不舒适的
16. “n. +后缀-y”构成形容词
foggy 有浓雾的
healthy 健康的
noisy 嘈杂的
tasty 美味的
smelly 有味的
好题冲关
1.The ____ (fly) was cancelled as a result of the terrible weather.
2.His ____ (careless) resulted in his failure in the math contest.
3.And day after day, the once beautiful river has turned into a _________(smell) dustbin.
4.Since then, there has been no _________(office) communication with the kidnappers(绑架者).
5.It was ________(extreme) difficult to build such a wall in the ancient days without any modern machine.
6.Your ideas are very interesting, but we need ________(practice) suggestions to get us out of trouble.
7.Men and women have to sit in separate areas-----the men with the bridegroom, and the women with the bride, at
wedding_________(receive).
8.A ________(retire) engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight
years.
9.He found he could no longer deal with his _______ (demand) job.
10.I must make an _____(apologize) to him for not going to his party.
11.Some media _________ the conflict was under control, but there has still been no official _________ .
(confirm)
12._________, I thought I could adapt to the climate there.(initial)
13.Even if you _________ once again,it doesn't suggest that you are a _________. (fail)
14.Kara's phone has been ringing _____. We are really bored with the _____. (frequent)
15.Due to a small fire, the office will be closed _____, but it will be open very soon. (temporary)
16.When food had been _____ to the villagers, they complained that its _____ was not fair. (distribute)
17.Seeing the cat killed in the _____, the little girl trembled _____. (violent)
18.The great _________ united the small states into a powerful _________. (empire)
19.Her face was covered with _________, which made it look rather _________ than usual. (dirty)20.Though with _________ feet, the girl _________ felt a bit cold. (bare)
21.The pretty girl looked _________, and no one could match with her _________. (elegant)
22.He _________ the skills required for the job, so we didn't admit him into our group due to _________ of
interest. (lack)
23.My daughter _________ described what she had heard and seen in the wildlife zoo. (vivid)
24.My boss _____ me to work overtime every day, and I had an _____ to hit him. (urge)
25.They are discussing how to build up a (power) government.
26.But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's _____(wonder).
27.__________(compare) with letters, e-mails are more convenient in communication nowadays.
28.Children are allowed much more __________(free) these days.
29.They fought a long battle against prejudice and __________(ignorant).
30.South Africa has submitted an __________(apply) to host the World Cup.
31.He took a very __________(science) approach to management.
32.We moved into a cabin with _________(electric) hut no running water.
33.He remained the most popular _________(politic) in Arkansas.
34.The buildings have been designed to blend in with their _________(surround).
35.The author's __________(intend) is to keep everyone guessing until the bitter end.
36.His only chance of __________(survive)was a heart transplant.
37.Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of _________(entertain).
38.Join us to taste a _________(various) of fresh local food and drinks.
39.Since most students are in need of a nap, proper ________(arrange) should be made so that students can have a
good rest after a whole morning's hard work.
40.They believe the civilisation of a city can be judged by people's ________(aware) of animal protection.
41.While I have only listed two of each, there are ________(obvious) many other situations that can arise.
42.The people in the hall seemed very nosy, keeping their eyes on me with _________(curious).
43.There are energy savings to be made from all __________(recycle) materials, sometimes
huge savings.
44.Operators said the dark spot is about two times the ________(long) of the United States.
45.If she had been aware that the mushrooms were __________(poison), she would not have picked them for
dinner.
46.Both locally and _______(global) , the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations could mean the destruction
of the rainforest ecology.
47.However, the two zookeepers didn't want to see the ________(extinct) of this precious species.
48.There are many ways to increase ________(agriculture) efficiency in the poorer areas of the world.
49.The ________(disappear) of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.
50.The title will be __________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
51.This kind of soil is not (suit) for growing peanuts.
52.It is essential to get good _________(profession) advice.53.The method is _________(specific) designed for use in small groups.
54.I think it was ___________ that they should have been aware of the ___________ of the rules.
(significance)
55.In the experiment, we want to know the _________ data, so you must assure the _________. (accurate)
56.I am beginning to feel embarrassed at my complete _____ (ignore) of world history.
57.This kind of soil is not _____ (suit) for growing peanuts.
58.It is _______ (legal) to drive after drinking alcohol in our country.
59.The fish is a bit ____ (smell). We can't eat it.
60.____ (unfortunate), Chaplin and his friend didn't find any gold but were caught in a snowstorm.
【2024】
【2023】
一、构词法在语法填空与短文改错中的考点
1.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Since June 2017, right before the ___ 5 6___ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng
Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ___ 5 7___
(confidence) speaking English. ...They also need to be ready to give ___ 6 1___ (interview) in English with
international journalists.
2.【2023 年全国甲卷】However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty __ 6 9___ (warn) about environmental
destruction.
3.【2023年全国乙卷】The ____49____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to
protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50_____ (mean) there is always something new to
discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
4.【2023年全国乙卷】However, instead of the brownish red hair she had hoped for, she final got purple hair.
5.【2023年全国乙卷】At least one thing proved truth: the color wouldn’t wash out.
6.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】So, what are they learning? ___ 6 3___ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
7.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling
wrappers, encasing hot, ___ 5 6____ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street
food.
8.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ____ 6 4____ (rare) enough, yet two
seems greedy, so I am always left _____ 6 5_____ (want) more next time.
9.【2023年全国甲卷】 ___47___ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation
instead of a moral. 10.【2023年全国甲卷】The bees, butterfly and many other insects looked lovely and
beautifully on the stamps.
【2022】11. (2022年全国甲卷语法填空)
...Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the
route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___A 64___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be
his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___65___ (protect). Cao
believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___66___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000
plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
12.(2022年全国甲卷短文改错)I felt so closely to him. 13.(2022年全国乙卷语法填空)
...As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China
has a 65 (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
14. (2022年全国乙卷短文改错)We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise....
15. (2022年全国高考新高考I卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___62___
(population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___63___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
二、构词法在阅读理解中的运用
写出下列段落中划线词的构词形式及汉语意思
1.(2023年新高考I卷C篇)The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you
cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance
of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless
device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas
of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle
that words for your particular circumstances.
2.(2022年全国乙卷)Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could
do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct
position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety,
reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高
效)across the board.
2.(2022年新高考I卷)Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads
with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as
Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown
away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown
into restaurant garbage cans.
【2021】
1. (2021年新高考I卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we
____57____ (human) are.
2. (2021 年全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and___49___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people…
3. (2021年全国乙卷)… and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62___(develop)of the
local areas.
4. (2021年全国乙卷) Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because
of its unique biodiversity.___69___(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)
5. (2021年1月浙江卷)It is calculated by dividing a 30 . (person) weight in kg by their height in meters
squared.
6. (2021年6月浙江卷)…Charles Dresser, who performed their ___38___ (marry)ceremony in 1842.
7.(2021年新高考I卷)It will 58 (undoubted) help you get refreshed!
17..(2021 年全国甲卷)… to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ____50____
(day) routines.
8.(2021年全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 61
_ (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics,…
9. Provide 68 (finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.
10.(2021年1月浙江卷)But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries
had narrowed 35(sharp).