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专题 05 构词法(讲义)
目 录
考点 构词法 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页
【真题研析·规律探寻】-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
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考向1常考的否定前缀-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
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考向2考查高频前缀-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4页
考向3考查表示人的后缀-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4页
考向4考查名词后缀-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5页
考向5考查形容词、副词后缀--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
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考向6考查动词后缀--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
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考向7考查合成词-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
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【核心提炼·考向探究】----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6页
1．常考的构词法前缀------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
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2．常考的构词法后缀-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------7页
3．常考的合成词及复合词---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
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【题型特训·命题预测】------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11
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预测考向1 考查阅读理解中根据构词法猜测词义------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11
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预测考向2 在语法填空中考查构词法----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11
页考点 构词法
考情分析：分析2021-2023年新高考有关构词法的考向分布。
完形填空 阅读理解
题型 语法填空
构词法构 构词法构词 构词法构词
考点 词
competitor参 economical adj. 经济的，实惠的;sustainable adj.可持续的;strategic
taste→tast
赛者； adj. 重要的，合适的，战略(性)的; combination n. 结合；结合到一
新 y
2 discouraged 起的事物或人minimalism n. (艺术)极简主义available adj.可用的，
高 recognize
0 adj. 泄气的 可得到的; foundation n. 根基；基础intolerable adj. 无法忍受的；
考 d“被公认
2 medical 难耐的 minimalist n. 最低限要求者 statistician n. 统计学家
I 的”
3 estimation n. 判断；估计additional adj. 附加的，另外的 countless
卷 rarely
adj. 无数的;多得数不清的 overestimate v. 过高估计implication n.
wrapper
牵连；含意
eventually excitement兴 honorable =honourable adj. 光荣的；可敬的；高贵的
2
finalized 奋；
0 disqualification n. 不合格；取消资格；被罚下场 disqualified 不合格
inconsiste
2 的；被取消资格的
ncies
2
willpower n. 意志力；毅力
ecosystem
2 best-rated排名最好的
undoubted
0 permission允
ly up-and-coming 积极进取的
2 许;
astonished
1 inclusion n.纳入;包含
arrive→ar transportation occasionally adv. 偶然；偶尔；有时候description描写evaluation n.
新
2
rival 交通； 评价，评估emotional adj. 感情的；情感的；情绪的initiator n.发起
高
0
考 confidenc stranger陌生 人；创始人 backcountry 偏僻地区 breathtaking 令人叹为观止
2
* e→confid 人uneventful outnumber 在数量上压倒，比 ...多 representation 代表, 描述
3
* ent 太平无事的 increasingly越来越多unavoidable
Basic→Ba
不可避免的
sically
sympathetic
indirectly
错
同情的
误
2 absence缺席 symbolically象征性地inexpensive廉价的throwaway可随意丢弃的
的 asleep
0 expectations interactive互动的activate激活springboard跳板constructive建设性的
表 accidentall
2 期待decision
达 y
2 决定
式
policeman 警 observation n. 观察；观测；监视
*
2 harmful 察;
* observatory n. 天文台；气象台
0 representa appearance出
卷
interpersonal adj. 人际关系的；人际的
2 tive 现，外表;
1 excited information
信息;
总结高考考点，探究构词法的规律。
近年来，高考对构词法的考查越来越多，2023年的阅读理解中出现的最多，这足以说明构词法对学生
推断词义的重要性。
考点要求 考题统计 考情分析
课标内词汇转换（语法填 【命题规律】
3年15考
空） 根据新高考三年的考情分析，构词法在高考试题中起着重要作
用，通过构词法可以推断词义，进而考生可快速提高阅读速
完形填空中的词汇转换 3年16考 度。完形填空中的选项页出现了很多通过构词法产生的新词。
语法填空主要考查课标内的词形转换。因此，总结归类构词法
阅读理解中的词汇转换 3年多考 知识非常必要。它能综合提高考生的核心素养。
【命题预测】
通过2023年高考试题的分析，未来高考试题中构词法构成的
高考试题中的复合词 3年多考 新词，将会频繁出现。考向1 常考的否定前缀
猜测词义
1.(2023•浙江1月考) The author’s father disapproved of buying groceries with jars.
2.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have
used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings
and sculptures.
3.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) The flight was uneventful, and Tiffy was a great passenger.
4.(2021·全国乙卷)The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant.
5. （2020•天津卷）We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep
them awake.6.（2020•全国新高考I卷）Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.
7.The Himalayan red panda is the rarer of the two. Major threats to red pandas include deforestation and habitat
loss.
常见的否定前缀
（1）de-降低，除去。 例devalue 贬值；defrost 解冻deforestation n.毁林; 森林砍伐;
（2）mis-表示“相反”， “错误”。例misuse误用; misfortune不幸; mistrust不信任; misjudge错看
（3）un-表示“不”，“ 非”， “使丧失”，“未”等。例unreasonable不合理的;unexceptional adj.
平常的，不突出的
（4）im/in/il/ir-:表示“非，不，无”。例proper→improper不合适的; mature→immature不成熟的
（5）dis- 表示“不”， “否定”， “相反”。dis-还有“分开，分离”的意思。例distracted adj. 心
神不定的，精神无法集中的distraction n. 使人分心的事物
考向2 考查高频前缀（猜测词义）
1. (2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling
wrappers encasing hot, tasty soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favourite Chinese street food.
2. (2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate.
3.(2023全国甲卷) Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers
reawakened my love for philosophy.
4.（2022·新高考全国I卷）The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the
appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a
complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution.
5.（2020·浙江7月考）When I’m face to face with a polar bear, I like it to be through a camera with a telephoto
lens. But sometimes, that is easier said than done. This was one of those times.
常考的前缀
（1）en-: 表示“使”， “使成为”， “使做…”；enable vt.使能够；使可能encourage vt. 激励，
鼓励
（2）over-表示“在上面”，“过度”等。overuse 过度使用overweigh比……更重；胜过
（3）re-表示“重复”， “再” “对立”repurpose vt. 重新调整用途; (为适合新用途)对…稍加修
改，略微改动
（4）inter-:表示“相互，在…之中”interact v.交流;沟通;合作;相互影响;相互作用
（5）tele-表示“远”，“远距离”等。telescope 天文望远镜 telecommunication 远程通讯
考向3 考查表示人的后缀（猜测词义）
1.(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a
minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.2.(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which
illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect.
3.(2023·全国乙卷) Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each
philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better.
4.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into
different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach
for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
【归纳总结】
表示人的后缀：
(1)-er interpreter 翻译者/口译者
(2)-or director 指挥/导演
(3)-ar beggar乞丐
(4) -ant assistant助手
(5) -ist optimist 乐观主义者
考向4 考查名词后缀（语法填空）
1.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) As cities balloon with ________（grow）, access to nature for people living in urban
areas is becoming harder to find.
2.(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) When enough of these errors ________（short）together, they cancel each other out,
resulting in a more accurate estimate.
3.(2019·人教版) Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must
unify and show the ________（wise）to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
常用的名词后缀
（1）后缀-th:表示“动作， 性质，过程，状态等。strength 力气；强项warmth 温暖；热情
（2）后缀-dom表示“状态，领域” boredom n. 无聊; 厌倦; 厌烦freedom 自由；自主
（3）后缀-age:表示“状态， 总称”，费用，物品等。marriage n.结婚；婚姻 percentage n.百分比;
百分率
考向5 考查形容词、副词后缀
语法填空
1.（2022·浙江 6 月考）Those letters taught my children a (value) lesson about writing: it has a
purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something; other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade.
2.He suddenly became very _________（talk）, his face slightly flushed, his eyes much brighter.
3.(2021·新高考全国I卷)A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one
dealing with (science) subjects.
4.(2020•全国卷III)As the small boat moved (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the
mountains being silently reflected in the water.猜测词义
1.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth.
2.(2023·浙江1月考)Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s
long history as capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic
events.
3.(2018·浙江卷)Afraid that I might hurt the lovely small creature, I automatically let out a cry to stop my horse.
考向6 考查动词后缀
1.By reading books of all kinds, from legends to historical stories, he ______（familiar）himself with classical
Chinese culture, and more importantly, he acquired the wisdom of previous generations.
2. To_______（justification）yourself with relevant examples from your personal experience and be specific
about your achievements.
3.(2023·全国甲卷) He ______（emphasis）the importance of education and self-improvement, which he believed
would lead to a harmonious society.
考向7 考查合成词（猜测词义）
1.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online
of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.
2. (2021·浙江 1 月考) He remembered landmarks, but since he didn’t know his town’s name, finding a small
neighbourhood in a vast country proved to be impossible.
3.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is
monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
构词法考点的必备知识：
1．常考的构词法前缀。前缀必备知识总结如下：
（1）en-: 表示“使”， “使成为”， “使做…… enrich vt. 充实enrol (US enroll) vi. & vt. (使）加入；
注册；登记envision vt.展望；想象
（2）dis- 表示“不”， “否定”， “相反”。dis-还有“分开，分离”的意思 disappear vi.消失；灭
绝；消亡disobey v.不服从disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointment n. 失望；沮丧
（3）im/in/il/ir-:表示“非，不，无” immature不成熟的immoral adj. 不道德的，道德败坏的indirect adj.
间接的inconvenient adj. 不方便的 irregular不规则的; illogical不合逻辑的
（4）un-表示“不”，“ 非”， “使丧失”，“未”等。uncertain 不确定的;uncommon 不普通的;
unsuccessful不成功的; untidy不整洁的;
（5）mis-表示“相反”， “错误”mistrust不信任; misjudge错看; misguide对……指导错误,把……引入歧
途
（6）de-降低，除去 decrease 减少;减小;降低 decline 减少;下降;衰落 ；谢绝（7）前缀 over-表示“在上面”，“过度”等 overhead 在头顶;overlook 俯瞰，眺望; 忽视 , 忽略
overseas在国外，在海外
（8）re-表示“重复”， “再” “对立” reproduce vt.& vi. 复制，重现，再版；生殖，繁殖 vt. 使再
次发生；再现reawaken v. 勾起，唤起，再次引发（感情、回忆等）replace v. 替换；以…取代；更新；
把…放回(原处)
refresh v. 使精神抖擞；重新斟满；翻新；使记起；刷新
（9）pre-表示“以前”， “比…早”precaution n. 预防; 预防措施; 防备previous adj.以前的, 先前的,
以往的→previously adv.以前,以往preview n.预览; 预演;预告; vt.概述; 扼要介绍;
（10） fore-表示“前”等foreknow vt.预知→ foreknowable adj.可预知的foreknowledge n.事先知道
foreland n.前沿地带
（11）inter-:表示“相互，在…之中”interpersonal 人与人之间的interview 采访interweave交织
（12） tele-表示“远”，“远距离”等。telescope 天文望远镜 telecommunication 远程通讯
telesurgery 远距离手术
（13）post-后的postscript n.后记; (加于信末的)附言，又及; 补充; 跋; 后话; 补编posthumous adj. 死后获
得的
（14）micro-微小的microwave n.（also microwave oven）微波炉microbiologist n.微生物学家
（15）auto-自动的autobiography n.自传automate vt.使自动化→automation n. 自动化→ automatic adj. 自
动的；无意识的→ automatically adv. 自动地
（16）trans-横跨transport n. (NAmE usually transportation)交通运输系统 vt. 运输；运送translate v. 翻译;
被翻译; 译
（17）multi-多的multiculture n. 多元文化→multicultural adj.多元文化的; 多种文化融合的
multigenerational adj.几代人的
（18）ex-前的； out(向外) sub(亚/以下)ex-president 前任总统 ex-wife 前妻ex-husband 前夫submit(v.)
递交 submit v. 提交subatom 亚原子 →subatomic adj. 亚原子的；原子内的 outnumber在数量上超过
outweigh 超过
（19）anti-反super-① 表示“超级，超过，过度”②表示“在…上面”anti-malarial 抗疟疾antioxidant
n. 抗氧化剂(尤用于食物保鲜); 抗氧化物质supersized 超大型的supernatural 超自然的
2．常考的构词法后缀。后缀必备知识总结如下：
（1）常考的名词后缀。后缀必备知识总结如下：
名词后缀1：①-er②-or ③-ar④ -ant: … ⑤ -ist minimalist n. 极简主义者; 简约主义者; 极简抽象
派艺术家;adj.极简抽象艺术的statistician n. 统计学家; 统计员historian n.历史学家; 史学工作者servant
仆人participant参加者constructor 建设者professor 教授interpreter 翻译者/口译者
名词后缀2：①后缀-th:表示“动作， 性质，过程，状态等。strong→strength 力气；强项 long-length 长
度
②后缀-dom表示“状态，领域”boredom 无聊 wisdom n. 智慧；才智freedom n. 自由；不受……影响
的状态 boredom n. 无聊; 厌倦; 厌烦③后缀-age:表示“状态， 总称”，费用，物品等。post—postage 邮资/邮费 short—shortage 短缺
pack—package 包装 leakage n.泄漏; 渗漏; 泄漏量
④-ence/ance annoy—annoyance 烦恼 resist—resistance 忍耐力 depend—dependance 依靠/信赖
magnificent—magnificence 华丽/壮丽
⑤后缀-ity, -ty, -y 表示程度， 性质，状态
major—majority 大多数 minor—minority 少数 necessary—necessity 必要性/必需品mature—maturity
成熟cruel→cruelty 残酷；残暴 safe→safety 安全
sweet—sweety-yrecover→recovery 恢复；痊愈 discover→discovery 发现
deliver—delivery 投递/传递 injure—injury 伤处 rob—robbery 抢劫案
taste→tasty 美味的；可口的 smell--smelly 臭的 health→healthy 健康的
wealth→wealthy 富裕的；丰富的 hill—hilly rock—rocky mud—muddy 泥泞的
【易错提醒】但有adj＋y变成名词
difficult—difficulty困难modest—modesty 谦虚 honest—honesty 诚实
⑥ 后缀-ness 表示“状态，程度，性质”等
weak→weakness 虚弱；弱点 happy—happiness kind→kindness 仁慈；好意 darkness, illness, friendly
—friendliness lonely—loneliness 孤独 selfishness 自私
⑦后缀-ship: 表示身份， 性质等后缀-al 表示性质，状态等 后缀-ment:
【易错提醒】equip→ equipment设备employ→ employment雇用treat→ treatment对待；治疗
approve→approval 赞成；批准 arrive→arrival 到来；到达 member-membership 会员身份
scholar(学者)—scholarship 奖学金owner—ownership 所有权 champion—championship 冠军头衔
⑧后缀-sion-行为， 状态， 性质等后缀-ation/-tion
explain→explanation 解释 admire—admiration 钦佩/羡慕appreciate—appreciation欣赏/感激admission
承认permission许可impression印象possession拥有impress—impression 印象 discuss→discussion 讨论
revise—revision 复习
⑨后缀-ure//ture
fail→failure 失败；没做到 press→ pressure 压力 mix→mixture 混合；混合物 depart→ departure n.
离开, 起程 architect—architecture 建筑 expose—exposure 暴露 furnish—furniture 家具 please—
pleasure 愉快 sign—signature n. 签名；鲜明特色
⑩后缀-ism/sm
minimalism n.极简主义; 简约主义feminism n.女权主义; 女权运动
dynamism n.活力; 精力; 劲头 professionalism n. 职业化(在体育运动中使用职业运动员); 专业水平;
专业素质; 专长; 精湛的技艺; 高超的能力 mechanism n. 机械装置；机制
（2）常考的构词法形容词后缀。后缀必备知识总结如下：
常考形容词后缀：① 后缀-able 可被…的，能被…的②后缀-ive…的
instruct—instructive 有教育意义的 construct—constructive 有建设性的imagine—imaginative 有想象力的
accept→acceptable 可接受的 forget--unforgettable 难忘的 consider--considerable数量可观的 count—countable 可数的/uncountable 不可数的predict--predictable可预测的/unpredictable 不可预测的
③后缀-some后缀-ish
tire→tiresome 令人厌倦的 trouble→troublesome 麻烦的 handsome 英俊的 burdensome adj.沉重的
quarrelsome adj.爱争吵的 wearisome adj.使人疲倦的；使人厌烦的；无聊的
child→childish 孩子气的 fool→foolish 愚蠢的；可笑的 self→selfish 自私的
bookish adj.好读书的；迂腐的 feverish adj.发热的；狂热的
④后缀-ous 后缀-ful 后缀-less
harmony--harmonious 和谐的 disaster—disastrous 灾难性的 infect—infectious 传染的
courage—courageous 有勇气的 nutrition—nutritious 有营养的
doubt→doubtful 怀疑的 wonder--wonderful beauty--beautiful, harm--harmful
regret--regretful, forget→forgetful 健忘的 power--powerful
valueless不值钱的 priceless无价的;贵重的harmless无害的 useless无用的
⑤后缀-ic/-tic -atic -ible
science→scientific 科 学 的 base—basic 基 本 的 economy→economic/economical 经 济
的history→historic/historical 历史上著名的 hero—heroic 英雄的/英勇的 comedy—comedic 喜剧的
tragedy—tragic 悲剧的 enthusiasm—enthusiastic 热情的 alcohol—alcoholic 酗酒的athlete—athletic
运动的 access→ accessible容易取得的 horror→ horrible 可怕的；恐怖的terror→ terrible 可怕的
sense—sensible 合符情理的/明智的
⑥后缀-ed/ing
disgust—disgusted(感到恶心的)／disgusting(令人恶心的)challenge—challenging有挑战的 strike—striking
惊人的 charm—charming 有魅力的 appeal—appealing 有吸引力的 reward—rewarding 有回报的
inviting 引人入胜的develop—developed/developing boil—boiled/boiling fall—fallen/falling
organize—organized 有组织的/有系统的abandon—abandoned 被遗弃的
（3）常考的构词法动词后缀。后缀必备知识总结如下：
①后缀-fy使成为， 使…化
justify v. 证明（别人认为不合理的事）有道理；为……辩护 beautify美化 purify vt. 净化(心灵); 提
纯; 使(某物)洁净; 洗涤(思想); 精炼 simplify简化 qualify v.
合格;使合格;符合，配得上;有权，使有权(做某事);具有资格;修饰;使具备资格; clarify vt.使更清晰易懂
阐明 signify v.代表，表示，象征;（通过某种行为）表示，表明;表达，显示（感情、意愿等）;说明，意
思是;预示;具有重要性，要紧 classify vt. 分类; 划分; 将…分类; 界定
identify vt. 确定, 发现; 认出, 识别
②后缀 -ize/-ise :以…方式对待，使形成
apology辩解→apologize道歉 analyze 分析 realize v. 实现; 认识到; 意识到; (所担心的事)发生，
产生; 理解; 把（财产等）变卖，变现; 领会; 将…变为现实 symbol—symbolize v. 象征，代表
emphasis→emphasize强调 socialize v. 社交; (和他人)交往，交际; 使适应社会; 使社会主义化
organize组织 popularize普及memory--memorize summary—summarize总结 familiarize vt.熟悉; (使)了解; 通晓modernize 使现代化 globalize 使全球化 civilize 使文明／开垦
industrialize 使工业化/产业化
③后缀-en
broaden(使)变宽 heighten加高 ripen (使)成熟 strengthen 加强 sharpen v. （使）提高，改善；加
强，加重；（使）变得锋利/清晰；（使声音）变得尖锐 lengthen 加长 widen加宽
tighten 拉紧 brighten 使明亮 harden 变硬 soften 变软 loosen 使松散 deepen fasten(套住),
straighten变直, worsen变糟, frighten使…惊吓, threaten 威胁 stiffen 使僵硬 lessen 变小/减少
quicken 加快 blacken 变黑 whiten 变白 redden v.使红，使脸红
（4）常考的构词法副词后缀。后缀必备知识总结如下：
后缀-ly
1．一般情况加ly。如：real→really, careful→carefully, polite →politely, quick→quickly，
complete →completely, immediate →immediately extreme—extremely wise--wisely
2．“辅音字母＋y ”结尾的，将y改为ily。 如：
angry→angrily, busy→busily, heavy→heavily lazy- lazily, happy—happily
3．以le结尾的去年e加y。如：probable→ probably, possible→possibly, gentle→gently
comfortable- comfortably, terrible—terribly horrible—horribly
4．以ic 结尾的，加 ally。如：basic→basically, energetic →energetically , dramatic→dramatically, automatic
→automatically, magic-magically, economic- economically
【易错提醒】几个特别的 true- truly, shy- shyly, whole- wholly, full- fully
注意：有的以 ly结尾的是形容词。如：
friendly, lively, lonely, costly, deadly, motherly, brotherly，orderly有秩序的，timely 及时的
有的既可做adj,也可做adv. 如: daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, likely
3．常考的合成词及复合词。必备知识总结如下：
（1）合成形容词
handmade手工制作的 homemade energy-saving time-consuming 耗时的 mouth-watering 令人脆性垂
涎的breath-taking 令人惊叹的 mouth-burning 火辣的tongue-numbing tongue-tied 舌头短的，结结巴巴
的
ill-mannered不礼貌的 short-tempered易怒的 warm-hearted 热心肠 kind-hearted cold-hearted 冷心肠的
warm-blooded 温血的 cold-blooded 冷血的bad-tempered 坏脾气的 short-sighted近视的；目光短浅的
mid-aged 中年的 strong-willed 意志坚强的
（2）合成名词
grown-up 成年人 breakthrough 突破 take-away 外买 go-between 媒人/中间人under-valuation 估价不
足 roadside n.路边; 路旁 fiberglass n. 玻璃纤维 workshop n.车间; 讲习班; 研讨会; 工场; 作坊
backcountry n. (山区等)偏僻地区，偏远地区 wildlife n.野生动物; 野生生物
park-goer 逛公园的人 feedback 反馈 roadblock 路障
构词法考点的关键能力：1．根据基本的构词法知识迅速准确判断派生词的意思，进而提高阅读理解的速度。
2．根据基本的句法知识准确判断句子成分，从而断定句子成分的词性，然后准确写出词的不同形式。
3．根据语境准确判断合成词的意思。
4．熟练掌握构词法的根本目的在于提高阅读速度，提高学生的核心素养。
【2024年高考命题预测】
根据高考考情分析2024年高考将：（1）在阅读理解中考查构词法是常态，并且难度有所增加；（2）
语法填空中考查词形转换仍然是重点。
预测考向1 考查阅读理解中根据构词法猜测词义
1.（2021·浙江卷）1.Nielsen always felt he should be doing comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice
kept him busy in dramatic roles.
2. （2022·浙江 6 月考）Louise Hartley, who is leading the Tiny Forest project in the UK, explains that the
process begins by identifying areas in which a tiny forest could have the biggest influence.
3.（2023·浙江1月考）Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell
out very quickly.
4.（2024·河北省月考）But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so
people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport.
5.（2023·全国甲卷）Obviously, if precautions(预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome,sometimes
killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food.
预测考向2 在语法填空中考查构词法
1.(2023年新高考II卷) Since June 2017, right before the ______ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and
Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking
English.
2.（2022年1月浙江卷）When the answer was no ,she declined the________(invite) .
3.（2022年6月浙江卷）John Olson, a former (photograph)and his team turn paintings into fully
textured 3D models.
4.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling
wrappers, encasing hot, (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favourite
Chinese street food.
5.(2022年新高考II卷) Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always
get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals?
Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been
helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and (confidence) speaking
English.
6.(2023年1月浙江高考卷) The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ________ (space)homes and walled
gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers.
