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专题 05 构词法
目 录
构词法 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
一、词形转换填空-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
二 、 单 词 拼
写-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
三 、 语 法 填
空------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
四 、 猜 测 词
义-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5构词法
一、词形转换填空
1．pleasant adj.令人愉快的；友好的→ vt.(使)高兴；(使)满意→ adj.高兴的；满意的→
adj.令人愉快的→ n. 快乐；乐趣
2．elegant adj. 精美的；讲究的；文雅的→ n. 优雅;端庄→ adv. 精美地；讲究地；文雅
地
3．exceptional adj. 特别的；罕见的→ n. 例外；例外的人/事→ prep. 除……外
4．stable adj. 稳定的；稳重的→ adv. 稳定地；平稳地
5．modest adj. 些许的；谦虚的；朴素的→ n. 谦虚；朴素
6．freeze vi.& vt.(froze，frozen) 结冰；(使)冻住→ adj.极冷的；冰冻的→ adj.结冰
的；冻僵的；冷冻的
7．electric adj.电的；用电的；电动的→ adj.与电有关的→ n. 电；电学
8．assistant n.助理；助手→ vt.帮助；协助→ n.帮助；协助；援助
9．gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→ n.礼物；天赋
10．challenge [n.] & [vt.] 挑战；质疑→ [adj.] 挑战性的
11．responsible [adj.] 有责任，负责；可靠的→ (反义词)→ [n.] 责任，职责
12．independent [adj.] 自主的，有主见的；自立的→ (反义词)→ [n.] 独立，自主→
(反义词)
13．technique [n.] 技巧，技艺；技能→ [adj.] 技术的，技能的→ [n.] 科技
14．contribution [n.] 贡献；捐款；捐赠→ [vi.] & [vt.] 做贡献；捐献；促成
15．fortunately [adv.] 幸运地，幸亏→ (反义词)→ [adj.] 幸运的→ [n.] 运气；
巨款；命运
16．curiosity [n.]好奇心，求知欲；奇物，珍品→ [adj.]好奇的
17．politics [n.]政治，政治事务；(个人的)政治观点，政见→ [adj.]政治的；政党的 →
[n.]政治家
18．memorable [adj.]难忘的，值得纪念的→ [n.]记忆力→ [vt.]记住19．absorb [vt.]理解，掌握；吸收；吸引全部注意力→ [n.]吸收；专注
20．amuse [vt.] (提供)消遣；逗笑→ [adj.]被逗乐的，觉得好笑的→ [adj.]逗乐的，
有乐趣的→ [n.]愉悦；娱乐活动
21．analyze [vt.]分析→ [n.]分析→ (复数)
22．severe [adj.]十分严重的，极为恶劣的；严厉的；艰难的→ [adv.]严重地→
[n.]严重性，严峻
23．anxiety [n.]焦虑；担心；渴望→ [adj.]焦虑的，担心的
二、单词拼写
1．（2024·重庆市巴蜀中学校月考）The new position invested her with a good deal of .(责任)
2．（2024·宁夏吴忠中学月考）I thought this vast wave of food was the total number of dishes to be served, and
I started eating (贪婪地).
3．（2024·宁夏吴忠中学月考）Medical assistance is available in case of an (紧急情况).
4．（2024·宁夏吴忠中学月考）The aim of the treaty is to prevent the (商业的) and military use of the
continent.
5．（2024·广东省华侨中学月考）Going into hospital can be very (令人害怕的) for a child.
6．Xi’an has become one of China’s most popular tourist (目的地).
7．（So far, no (科学的) studies have shown that shark fins are good for health.
8．Doctors say too much pressure is not good for a child’s (发展).
9．（2024·吉林省长春市东北师范大学附属中学第二次模拟）He wishes the government would be more
(关注的) to details in their response.
10．（2024·吉林省长春市东北师范大学附属中学第二次模拟）Please be patient, for this is a slow
(积累)of experience and knowledge.
11．（2024·吉林省长春市东北师范大学附属中学第二次模拟）His action had been greeted with almost
universal (反对) and he was so discouraged.
12．（2024·吉林省长春市东北师范大学附属中学第二次模拟）We are what we eat. A good diet is
(有益于) to health.
13．（2024·吉林省长春市东北师范大学附属中学第二次模拟）There has been very little renewal of
(人员) in higher education.
14．（2024·广东省佛山市南海中学月考）Tu Youyou’s winning of the Nobel Prize means that TCM is getting
international (认可).15． (最近), citizens in Luhe have got the chance to experience a self-service store.
三、语法填空
1．（2024·吉林省东北师大附中第一次摸底）___________(previous), barbecue in Northeast China was much
more popular across the country.
2.（2024·福建省八县（市、区）一中联考）The newly discovered planet, Kepler-90i, is (probable)
rocky and similar to our earth, but because of its closeness to its home star, it has an average surface temperature of
about 400°C． It moves around the star once every 14.4 days.
3. （2024·安徽省合肥市第一中学第一次教学质量检测）After the event, Zhao Gao killed all those that refused
to support him and punished, by
(difference)means, those ministers with a sense of justice. He eventually took control of the court and
sped up the downfall of the Qin Dynasty.
4.（2024·广西南宁市高三一模）In addition to this painting, the exhibition showcased a total of 108 cultural
relics, including 13 items from (variety)units of the Cultural Heritage Bureau of the Xizang Autonomous
Region, as well as 95 items from the Palace Museum.
5.（2024·安徽皖江名校联盟10月阶段考试） (traditional) handed down from mother to daughter, Su
embroidery is an art form that takes decades to master. From design and stitching to mounting and framing
(做框), a single piece of handmade Su embroidery art usually takes months to create.
6.（2024·福建省漳州市第一次教学质量检测）So far, Shaolin Kungfu has become a window of Chinese culture
to the world, which also turns Shaolin Temple into the most (influence) “holy land” of martial arts in the
world.
7.（2024·广东省广东省四校联考月考）This discovery identifies a(n) (origin) artistic tradition and
pushes back by more than 8,500 years the representation of birds in Chinese art.
8.（北京市海淀区 2023-2024 学年高三上学期期中）The innovative technique would facilitate
(investigate) into heart diseases and trials of some potential medicines.
9.（2024·河北省保定市摸底）Hu Changsheng, Party secretary of Gansu, said, “Exchanges and mutual learning
bring (diverse) to civilization.
10.（2024·河北省邢台质检联盟期中）After investigation, we found that of the 33 communities, 22 communities
had fewer than 30 giant pandas,” said He Shengshan. “Because pandas have poor ability to travel and there are
mountains, human activities, highways and railway tracks, giant panda groups can’t communicate with each other,
and those with small populations are still at risk of (extinct) over time.”四、猜测词义
1.（2023·浙江1月考）Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
2. （2023 北京卷）The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the
world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more.
3.（2021·新高考全国Ⅱ卷）Pete Bonds is inexperienced in using robots, so he still hires cowboys to watch
cattle?
4.（2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷改编）The impact of the programme is unidentifiable.
5. （2023·全国乙卷）In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories
accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write.
6.What can be done to slow down or stop the process of desertification? A great deal of work is already under way.
7.（2023 新高考卷II）At the beginning of the text the author describes that many cities are overpopulated.
8.（2023·全国甲卷）If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be
questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
9.（2021·新高考全国Ⅱ卷）Spend a few minutes looking through the book. Look at the table of contents, the
preface, the chapter heading, etc.
10.（2022·新高考全国II卷）We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations, subject to
availability. Participation in a post-visit survey is required.
11.（2019·全国卷Ⅱ）The microorganisms from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International
Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.
12.（2020·全国卷 III）Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol—one of a
growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof.
13.（2023·浙江1月考）A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate.
14.Thanks to AI, I've got my own super-smart personal assistant built into my phone.
15.（2018·浙江卷）And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all
garbage on the ground today.
16.（2020·全国新高考Ⅱ卷）I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of
“forbidden fruit” that come out of book bags.
17.（2023·北京卷）The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the
world’s most serious problems：climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more.
18.（2023·全国甲卷）Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship
Bangkok restaurant.19.（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
20.While it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their unusual ability
burdensome.
21.（2023·全国甲卷）Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the US. Their recovery has been so
successful that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal
protections and allow them to be hunted.
22.（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as
interactive as any battery-powered e-reader.
23.（2020·全国卷 III）The artist was sure he would be chosen, but when he presented his masterpiece to the
emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he
could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
