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【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单
专题43 语法填空之给词填空满分策略(讲案)解析版
(快问快答+思维导图+考法点拨+真题再练+名校模拟)
目录
一、语法填空快问快答 P 2
二、语法填空高考考情 P 2
三、语法填空解题策略 P 3
四、语法填空思维导图 P 4
五、语法填空考法点拨 P 4
考法一:提示词为动词填写谓语 P 4
考法二:提示词为动词填写非谓语动词 P 10
考法三:提示词为动词转换为名词或形容词 P 11
考法四:提示词为名词考查单复数和所有格 P 14
考法五:提示词为名词考查转化为形容词或动词 P 15
考法六:提示词为代词考查代词的宾格、形容词性物主代词或反身代词 P 16
考法七:提示词为形容词考查转换为副词 P 17
考法八:提示词为形容词考查其比较等级 P 18
考法九:提示词为基数词考查其序数词 P 19
六、语法填空真题演练(3 组 6 篇) P 16
七、语法填空名校模拟(15 篇) P 27
一 、 语 法 填空快问
快答Q1:语法填空有什么特点?
A1:在一篇200词左右的语篇中留出10处空白,给词填空占6—7个小题,每空最多填写三个单词,自由填
空题设3—4个小题,每空只填一词。
Q2:语法填空做题步骤如何?
A2:第一,通读全文、明确大意。在通读全文的过程中,弄清文章的体裁、题材(话题)、中心思想、写作主
线、段落层次等,这不仅有利于读懂全文大意,也有利于填空时必要的逻辑推理。第二,细读全文、逐项
填空、先易后难。分出有提示词和无提示词两类,分析提示词词性。重点分析空格句子的语法结构。先易
后难,利用下文,或在核查时进一步联系上、下文推理解答。第三,复读全文、清除难点。将所有答案填
进短文中并进行通读。通读时注意上下文间的逻辑关系,避免出现前后矛盾或句子不通顺的问题。
Q3:语法填空有哪些命题趋势?
A3:高考英语语法填空命题注重通过精选语篇体现中华文明与世界文明的交流互鉴,引导学生增强国家认
同和家国情怀,坚定文化自信,拓展国际视野,在跨文化交流学习中增进国际理解,推动世界文明共同发
展。一是考查中国传统文化,二是考查生活故事,三是考查科学技术进步。
Q4:如何提高语法填空正答率?
A4:一要掌握语法填空命题规律,熟能生巧,二要不断扩大词汇量,尤其是 3500高考高频词汇变形和固定
搭配,三要广泛进行专项训练,积累做题经验,摸索出一套行之有效的个性化做题模式,四要重视纠错,
探寻错误原因,防止出现类似错误。
二、语法填空高考考情 2020-2024年高考语法填空考点统计
给词提示型 无提示词型
年份 卷别 词数
形容词
谓语 非谓语 名词 代词 介词 冠词 数词 并列句 复合句
副词
新课标I卷 243 1 2 3 1 1 1 1
2024 新课标Ⅱ卷 220 2 3 2 1 1 1
全国甲卷 223 2 1 2 1 1 1 2
新课标I卷 203 4 2 1 1 1 1
新课标Ⅱ卷 211 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
2023
全国甲卷 220 1 3 1 1 2 1 1
全国乙卷 201 2 3 1 1 1 1 1
新课标I卷 229 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
新课标Ⅱ卷 225 2 2 1 2 1 1 1
2022
全国甲卷 219 1 3 1 2 1 1 1
全国乙卷 222 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
新课标I卷 200 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1
新课标Ⅱ卷 220 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1
2021
全国甲卷 186 2 2 1 2 1 1 1
全国乙卷 204 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
新课标I卷 189 3 1 2 0 1 1 1 1
全国I卷 210 3 1 1 2 1 2
2020
全国Ⅱ卷 208 1 3 1 2 1 1 1
全国III卷 235 3 2 1 2 1 1
点评:
1.文章长约200个词,设空10个。设空密度科学合理;
2.给词填空占6-7空,自由填空占3-4空;
3.谓语和非谓语动词是每年必考点,并列句和复合句也是高考热点;
4.实词为主,虚词为辅;介词考查相对比较频繁。三、语法填空解题策略
1. 浏览全文,明确大意
浏览全文的目的是尽快把握其大意,利用“大意”这条“主线”来引导自己,为下一步填空作好准备。
除大意之外,在通读全文的过程中,考生有必要弄清该文的体裁、题材、中心思想、写作主线、段落层次
等。了解这些问题,有利于考生真正读懂全文大意,也有利于在填空时进行必要的逻辑推理。
2. 细读全文,逐项填空
了解文章大意之后,就可以着手填空了。考生填空的过程实际上是一个判断空缺部分的语义(已给出
词语的除外)和正确的语法形式的思维过程。遇到无法确定的题目,可以先跳过去,不要花费太多的时间
停留在一个空上。对于这些没有答出的题目,后面的内容有可能会给出提示,或者在核查时联系上下文进
行推理。
3. 实用技能,反复颜值
括号内给动词的三种填法:一是谓语动词方向,然后进一步考虑该谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致;
二是非谓语动词方向,再结合语境逻辑和搭配考虑用动词不定式、-ing形式或过去分词;三是动词词类转换
方向,结合语境考虑动词转化为名词或转化为-ing/-ed形容词。
填写动词时态语态和主谓一致“四看”:一看句子明确的时间状语,如 in the past three months;二看句
子特定的句型,如This is the first time that…;三看主从句时态呼应,如状语从句考虑“主将从现”;四看
特定语境,如科普类文章多用一般现在时,故事经历类文章多用一般过去时。
语法填空两个重要理念:一是同一个考点不重复考查。如谓语考查两个不同时态或同一时态不同语态;
非谓语考查to do, -ing或-ed形式中1-3个;名词考查动词变名词或单数变复数;形容词考查变副词或比较
等级等;介词、冠词、代词同一语篇 一般只考查一次。二是括号内所给单词一次变形。想考查副词给形容
词;想考查名词给动词或形容词;想考查形容词给名词或动词;想考查名词复数给名词单数形式。
4. 复读全文,调整答案
在答题时间充裕的情况下,复查是必要的。复查的方法是将所有答案代入短文中进行检查,以最后确
定答案。通读时要注意上下文之间的逻辑关系,避免出现前后矛盾或句子不通顺的问题。一旦理顺全文信
息且多数空也已填好,一开始感到棘手的难点很可能此时已迎刃而解。
四、语法填空思维导图五、语法填空考法点拨
考法一:提示词为动词填写谓语
【思维导图】
【高考细目】
2020-2024年高考语法填空括号给动词考查明细表
词类转换(转
年
卷别 谓语(时态语态一致) 非谓语动词 名词、形容
份
词)
新课标I卷 60. walks 58. to give59. closed
202
新课标II卷 58. were 61. was built 60. inspired65. to find 66. Recalling
4
全国甲卷 64. were 65. be done 61. to catch 68. completion
57.to bite 59.recognized 61.to be lifted
新课标I卷
65.wanting
202
新课标II卷 65.wished 60.visiting 56.arrival
3
全国甲卷 70.be employed 61.to teach 65.borrowing 66.intended 65.warning
全国乙卷 67.was amazed 70.means 62.built 66.Having visited 68.recording
新课标I卷 58.were 60.is designed 56.Covering 59.to increase
202 新课标II卷 62.was fixing 63.threw 56.falling 59.to see
2 全国甲卷 67.has walked 61.to journey 63.held 70.planning 65.protection
全国乙卷 63.addressed 66.shared 68.To strengthen 69.inviting
新课标I卷 61.was 60.astonished 63.aching
202 新课标II卷 57.thinking 58.to educate 62.excited 64.representative
1 全国甲卷 61.was built 66.hired 63.to walk 64.spending
全国乙卷 61.educated 67.visiting 70.to have 62.development
新课标卷 60.are called 61.is 58.formed 63.walking
61.touched 67.means 68.is
202 全国I卷 66.to find
constructed
0
全国II卷 62.carries 63.coming 65.decorated 68.to care 61.celebration
全国III卷 63.be chosen 66.pointed 67.to find 69.surrounding
技法一:如何确定是否作谓语
句子 1.分析句子结构若为简单句,在主语后面要填动词,而且只有这一个动词,则该空格应填谓语动词。
2.分析句子结构若为并列句,可知并列词前后两个句子都要有自己的谓语动词。
3.分析句子结构若为复合句,可知主从句都要有自己的谓语动词。
结构
分析 注意:
法
1.根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态;
2.根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系以确定语态;
3.根据主语确定谓语动词的数,做到主谓一致。
(2022新课标Ⅰ卷)The GPNP (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the
authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting
典例 ecological buffer zones, 61.and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations”.
展示
分析句子结构可知,此句虽长,却是一个简单句。设空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语 The GPNP
之间为被动关系;叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态;主语
是单数,谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。
【调研01】(2024新课标II卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 6 0 (inspire)by The Peony
Pavilion, 6 1 (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
答案:inspired, was built。
解析:60. 考查非谓语动词。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居
仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语,被修饰词“a six-meter-tall
pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填inspired。
解析:61. 考查时态和语态。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居
仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词,根据时间状语“Two years later”可知,
本句时态为一般过去时;主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”,单数,和动词“build”之间为被动关系,所以
用被动语态。故填was built。
【调研02】(2023全国乙卷)The 69 remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to
protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 70 (mean) there is always something new to
discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
答案:means。
解析:考查时态。句意:这座城市的显著发展,在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界,意味着这
里总是有新的东西等待发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词,根据上
下文可知,本句时态为一般现在时;主语为“development”,单数,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形
式。故填means。
【调研 03】(2020•全国 III 卷)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the
legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ________ (point) down the river.
答案: pointed。解析:本句是“A and B”型并列句,因此谓语动词应保持一致。故答案是pointed。
技法二:如何确定谓语动词的时态
解题思路 技法点拨
认清常考时态的标志性时间状语
(1)看到often,usually,always,sometimes等时间状语,要想到用一般现在时。
(2)看到yesterday,last year,in 2022,the other day等时间状语,要想到用一般过去时。
1.慧眼识 (3)看到tomorrow,next year,in the future,soon等时间状语,要想到用一般将来时。
别标志词
(4)看到at this moment,at present,now等时间状语,要想到用现在进行时。
(5)看到since,recently,lately,already,in the last/past few years,so far/up to now,for+时间
段,ever since...等时间状语,要想到用现在完成时。
(6)看到by then,by the end of...等时间状语,要想到用过去完成时。
(1)可根据并列连词and,but,or,rather than,neither...nor...,not only...but also...等前后的谓
2.瞻前顾
语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。
后找并列
(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语,谓语动词时态要一致。
掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题行之有效的方式,因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。
如:
(1)was/were doing sth. when sb. did...
(2)had (just) done sth. when+一般过去时
3.通过常
用句式法 (3)This/It/That is the first/second...time that sb. have/has done...
(4)This/It/That was the first/second...time that sb. had done...
(5)祈使句+and/or+陈述句,陈述句用一般将来时
(6)It’s (high) time that...did/should do sth.
分析句子结构,发现提示词作谓语,而没有标志性的时间状语,且其他参照物都不明显的情
4.通过语
况下,通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示解题,也是解决时态问题的行之有效的方
境暗示法
法。
【调研01】 (2023新课标II卷)As a little girl, I 4 5 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
答案: wished。
解析:考查动词时态。句意:作为一个小女孩,我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知,
本句缺少谓语动词,所以wish作本句谓语,和主语I之间是主动关系,根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。
故填wished。【调研01】 (2022全国甲卷)In the last five years, Cao 6 7 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents,
and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s 68 highest mountain.
答案: has walked。
解析:考查动词时态。句意:在过去的五年中,曹操穿越了六大洲的 34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞力马
扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语Cao
为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has walked。
【调研03】(2022新课标II卷) Henry (fix) his car when he heard the screams.
答案:was fixing。
解析:句意:听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when
he heard the screams,可知,设空处的动作是正在发生的,同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进
行时。fix为动词,意为“修理”,其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
技法三:如何确定谓语动词的语态
解题思路 技法点拨
(1)分析句子结构,发现提示词作谓语,若与主语之间是主动关系,应考虑用主动语态;
1.依据逻
若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。
辑关系,
辨析主动 (2)被动语态的基本形式为:be+过去分词。
或被动
(3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态,再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。
(1)当feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容词时;
2.牢记主
(2)当read,sell,wear,write,wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”
动表被动
时;
含义的句
式结构 (3)当break out,take place,shut off,turn off,work out等动词短语表示“发生,关闭,
制定”等意思时。
【调研01】 (2024浙江1月卷) However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help
even more if they could sometimes 6 1 (offer) in smaller packs.
答案: be offered。
解析:考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意:然而,虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事,但如果有时能
以小包装出售,那就更好了。动词 offer意为“提供”,和主语构成被动关系,主语 they代指前文中的
sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。
【调研02】 (2023全国乙卷) Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I 67 (amaze) by
the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly
growing.
答案: was amazed。
解析:考查时态和语态。句意:在过去的10年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,惊讶
于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词,根据下文“how a
city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知,本句用一般过去时;主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
【调研03】 (2006全国I卷) The water __________(feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.
答案: felt。
解析:考查动词时态语态和系表结构。felt cool是系表结构,主动形式表示被动意义;结合语境应用一般过
去时。故答案是felt。
技法四:如何确定谓语动词的单复数形式
解题原则 技法点拨
(1)动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
(2)主语后接介词短语或其他插入语,如with,together with,as well as,like,but,
except,along with,rather than,including,in addition to等谓语的数要与前面的主语保
持一致。
语法一致原则 (3)and,both...and...连接两个不同的主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但是如果由and连接
的两个名词表示同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现时,谓语动词用单数形式。
(4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致。
(5)“many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。each,every,no所
修饰的名词作主语时,即使有and连接,谓语动词仍用单数。
(1)由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but (also)...,not...but...等连接的并列主
语,谓语动词的数通常与最近的主语保持一致。
就近一致原则
(2)由there,here引起的句子中主语不止一个时,谓语的数通常和最近的主语保持一致。
(1)集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作是集体的一
个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有:family,class,team,group等。
意义一致原则
(2)“the+形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
(3)由分数、百分数或者part of等修饰时,要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。
【调研01】(2024新课标I卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk)
visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species
came to Britain for the first time.
答案:walks
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:此外,围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。
walk sb. through,意为“带领某人穿过……”,空处为本句谓语动词,根据上文可知,本句时态为一般现
在时,主语the Silk Route Garden为单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
【调研 02】(2024 新课标 II 卷)“Some of the things that Tang was writing about 58 (be) also
Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some
ways to Romeo and Juliet.”
答案:were
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词,根据句意以及定语从句时态
可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语为“some of the things”,复数。故填were。
【调研03】(2024全国甲卷)They 64 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost
five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
答案:were
考查时态。句意:他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分,他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自
然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人,时间为1870年,同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可
知,本空时态为过去式且为复数形式,故填were。
考法二:提示词为动词填写非谓语动词
若句中已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时,则所给动词应用非谓语动词形式。一般而言,v.-ing形式表示主
动、进行;动词-ed形式表示被动、完成;动词不定式表示目的、将来、具体或一次性的动作。
【思维导图】
【调研01】(2023新高考I卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first,
releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup
explode on your tongue.
答案: to bite。
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小
笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,用不定式作宾语,空处与后面to
put并列作宾语,故填to bite。【调研02】(2023新高考I卷)Shanghai may be the 39 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but
food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.
答案:recognized。
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡,但美食历史学家会告诉你,邻近的运河小
镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语,recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系,需填过
去分词recognized作定语,recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。
【调研03】(2023全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy
peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-
old fables.
答案:borrowing。
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:“从前,在美国的中心地带有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的
环境一起享受着和平的生活,”她的寓言是这样开头的,借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已
有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状
语。故填borrowing。
考法三:提示词为动词转换为名词或形容词
当所给提示词虽为动词,但既不是谓语动词又不是非谓语动词时,就要考虑进行词性转换。高考中常
考查动词变为名词,偶有变形容词或副词的情况。做题时只需根据其所作句子成分来确定其词性便可做出
正确的转换。
常考动词转化为名词后缀归纳
后缀 示例
correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝
-ion/ conclude→conclusion结论;结束 discuss→discussion讨论;论述
-tion/ decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认;准许加入
-sion/ permit→permission允许,许可 invite→invitation邀请
explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望
sail→sailor海员,水手 drive→driver司机;驾驶员
-er/
gather→gatherer收集者,采集者 teach→teacher老师
-or
announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥;售票员
punish→punishment惩罚 achieve→achievement成就
argue→argument辩论;论据 treat→treatment对待;治疗
-ment
equip →equipment装备;设备 govern→government政府
astonish→astonishment惊奇
appear→appearance出现;外貌 guide→guidance指引;指导
-ance/
perform→performance表演;表现 exist→existence存在;生存
-ence
prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考,查阅
-ure/ fail→failure失败;倒闭 press→pressure压力
-ture depart→departure离开;出发 mix→mixture混合(物)
hear→hearing听力,听觉 begin→beginning开始
-ing
build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告
-y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现
【调研 01】(2024 新课标 I 卷)The latest 56 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this
protective 5 7 function al structure that is also beautiful.
答案:engineering。
解析:考查名词。句意:最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知,空处考查短语engineering techniques,意为“工程技术”,符合句意。故填engineering。
【调研02】(2024全国甲卷)They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 68 (complete )
of their journey. Their promotional work paid off.
答案:completion。
解析:考查名词。句意:他们都同意了,并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词,本空应填
名词作宾语,complete名词形式为completion,不可数,故填completion。
【调研03】(2023新高考II卷)Since June 2017, right before the 36 (arrive) of the two new pandas,
Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident
speaking English.
答案:arrival。
解析:考查名词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在
帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空前是冠词,空后是介词,所以
空处应填名词作介词before的宾语,arrive的名词形式是arrival,不可数名词。故填arrival。
【调研04】(2023全国甲卷)The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life.
However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty 69 (warn) about environmental destruction.
答案:warning。
解析:考查名词。句意:然而,卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根
据句中不定冠词a可知,用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
【调研 05】(2021 新高考 II 卷)A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was
switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
答案:representative。
解析:考查名词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天 1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。
该空作句子主语,用名词,前面有不定冠词修饰,用名词单数,所以填representative。
常考动词转化为名词后缀归纳
后缀 示例
accept vt.接受→acceptable adj.可接受的
enjoy vt.享受→enjoyable adj.令人愉快的
-able
suit vt.适合→suitable adj.合适的
adjust vt.调节→adjustable adj. 可调整的
confuse vt.使困惑→confused adj.感到困惑的
-ed frustrate vt.使沮丧→frustrated adj. 沮丧的
annoy vt.使生气→annoyed adj. 恼怒的
convince vt.说服,使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的
-ing thrill vt.使兴奋 → thrilling adj.令人兴奋的
relax vt.→ relaxing adj.令人放松的
-ful forget vt.忘记→forgetful adj.健忘的play vt.玩耍→playful adj.有趣的
succeed vt.成功→successful adj. 成功的
compete v. 竞争→competitive adj. 有竞争力的
-ive comprehend v. 理解→comprehensive adj. 综合性的
create v. 创造→creative adj. 有创造力的
tolerate v.容忍→tolerant adj. 宽容的,容忍的
-ant resist v. 阻止→resistant adj. 抵抗的,有抵抗力的
ignore v. 忽视→ignorant adj. 无知的,愚昧的
【调研01】(2024新课标I卷)In cold weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants.
答案: closed
【解析】考查形容词。句意:然后在寒冷的天气里,这个结构保持关闭,以保护亚热带植物。空处用于
stays之后作表语,应用形容词closed,表示“紧闭的”,符合题意。故填closed。
【调研 02】(2022 浙江卷)Blind people recognize shapes with their ____________ (exist) senses, in a way
similar to that of sighted people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
答案:existing
【解析】考查形容词。句意:哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说,盲人用他们现
有的感官识别形状,在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词existing作定语,修饰sense。故填existing。
【调研03】(2022新课标I卷)Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____________
(astonish).
答案:astonished
【解析】考查形容词。此处说明“us”的状态,所以用astonished。
考法四:提示词为名词考查单复数和所有格
所给词为名词时,常考查单复数的变化,此时应首先判断所给名词为可数还是不可数再根据其修饰词
来确定,例如,当其前有one of, many, different, all等词或短语且所给名词为可数名词时,应用其复数形式;
有时也考查名词的所有格,此时它应做定语,译作“……的”。
【思维导图】【高考细目】
2020-2024高考语法填空名词考点细目
卷别 词类转换 单数变复数 名词所有格
2024新高考I卷 engineering, richness favourites
2024新高考II卷 visibility themes
2024全国甲卷 completion treasures
2023新高考II卷 arrival interviews
2023全国甲卷 warning
2023全国乙卷 wonders
2022新高考I卷 populations
2022新高考II卷 son's
2022全国甲卷 protection
2022全国乙卷 responsibility
2021新高考1卷 humans
2021新高考II卷 representative
2021全国甲卷 watchtowers
2021全国乙卷 development Activities
2020全国I卷 interest
2020全国II卷 celebration
2020全国III卷 curiosity
2020新高考卷 accuracy
【调研01】(2023新高考I卷)These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as
rosemary, lavender and fennel.
答案:favorites。
解析:考查名词的数。句意:这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。Favorite是可数名
词,意为“特别受喜爱的东西”,根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知,空处应用名词的复
数形式。【调研02】(2023新高考II卷)They also need to be ready to give 41 (interview) in English with
international journalists.
答案:interviews。
解析:考查名词的数。句意:他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知,空前是
动词,所以空处应填名词作宾语,interview意为“采访”为可数名词,不止一段采访,应用复数形式。
【调研03】(2022新高考II卷)He saved my _________ (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown.
答案:son’s
解析:考查名词所有格。句意:他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意,life与提示词son之间是所属关系,故
应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
考法五:提示词为名词考查转化为形容词或动词
后缀 示例
--y fog→foggy 有雾的 guilt →guilty 内疚的
--ed balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的
--ful meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的
--able suit →suitable 合适的 knowledge→knowledgeable 博学的
--ous courage→courageous 勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的
--al addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的
--ly friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的
--en wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的
--cal politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的
--ant significance →significant有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的
--cial commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的
-en strength→strengthen 加强 length→lengthen 延长
【调研01】 (2024新课标I卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective 57
(function) structure that is also beautiful.
答案:functional
解析:考查形容词。句意:最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词
structure,应用形容词作定语functional,符合题意。故填functional。
【调研02】(2023全国乙卷)The 69 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to
protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I
could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
答案:remarkable
解析:考查形容词。句意:这个城市的显著发展,是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界,这意味着
这里总是有新的东西可以发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知,空处为形容
词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。
【调研03】(2023浙江1月卷)The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by (space) homes and
walled gardens.答案:spacious
解析:考查形容词。句意:他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填
形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。
【调研04】(2018全国I卷)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 6 8
(strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
答案:strengthen
解析:考查动词。此处表明做运动的目的,再根据后面的宾语 your leg muscles判断此处应用及物动词
strengthen。
考法六:提示词为代词考查代词的宾格、形容词性物主代词或反身代词
所给词为代词时,常考查人称代词变为物主代词,此时其后一般会有一个名词,所给代词就是用来修饰这
个名词的,译作“……的”。 所给词为代词时,有时考查人称代词变为反身代词。这两种情况一般可依据
所作成分或句意进行判断。
【调研01】(2024全国甲卷)This area, with 66 (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be
well preserved 67 for all people of the nation to enjoy - as a national park.
答案:their。
解析:考查代词。句意:这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景,必须作为国家公园保护好,为了所
有国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。
【调研02】(2021全国I卷)As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will
always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in (I).
答案:mine
解析:句意为:对我来说的确如此。指my memory,所以用名词性物主代词作介词的宾语,故填mine.
【调研03】(2020年新高考卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模
拟) and imagine _________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
答案:themselves解析:考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史
时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。故填
themselves。
考法七:提示词为形容词考查转换为副词
当所给提示词虽为形容词或副词且不是考查比较等级时,则应考虑形容词或副词的词性转换,一般常考查
形容词变为副词或名词。做题时,除了根据句意进行判断外,主要应从其所作成分去思考。
规则 示例 例外
多数形容词直接加-ly变为 successful—successfully severe—severely full-fully
副词 extreme—extremely quick—quickly
以-y结尾形容词变y为i再 happy—happily easy—easily shy—shyly
加-ly变副词 necessary---necessarily heavy—heavily
以-le, -ble结尾的形容词去 gentle—gently possible—possibly true—truly
e加y变副词 probable—probably simple—simply whole—wholly
以-ic结尾的形容词直接加- basic—basically specific—specifically public--publicly
ally变为副词 scientific—scientifically automatic--automatically
以-ing 结尾形容词变为直 surprising-surprisingly increasing—increasingly
接加-ly副词 interesting—interestingly joking—jokingly
以-ed结尾形容词变为副词 repeat—repeatedly hurried—hurriedly
直接加-ly excited—excitedly expected--unexpectedly
【调研01】(2023新课标I卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 44 (rare) enough, yet two
seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
答案:rarely。
解析:考查副词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次
再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语,rarely“少有”,故填rarely。
【调研02】(2023新课标II卷)So, what are they learning? 43 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
答案:Basically。
解析:考查副词。句意:基本上,如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰空后整个句子,应
该用副词修饰,basic的副词形式是basically位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Basically。
【调研03】(2022新课标II卷)When he looked down, he 60 (accidental ) slipped and fell over the
edge.
答案:accidentally。
解析:考查副词。句意:当他往下看时,不小心滑了一跤,从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构,设空处
应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词,意为“意外的,失误的”,其副词为accidentally,
意为“意外地,失误地”,符合句意。故填accidentally。
考法八:提示词为形容词考查其比较等级
当提示词为形容词或副词时,常考查比较等级(即比较级和最高级)。此时一般可根据所给提示词前后的than,
by, the, even等比较等级中常出现的特殊词汇并结合语意去进行判断。【调研01】(2024全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the 69 (large) United States national park - 2.2 million
acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 70 which became a national monument in 1978, took the
honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
69.考查形容词最高级。句意:黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园,占地220万英亩,直到1978年成为国家纪
念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。
本空前有the,为形容词最高级标志词,结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣
伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知,用large的最高级largest作定语,故
填largest。
【调研02】(2023浙江1月卷)Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and (simple)in design and
decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
答案:simpler。
解析:考查形容词比较级。句意:他们的四合院规模要小很多,并且在设计和装饰上更加简单,并且胡同
也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知,空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故
填simpler。
【调研03】 (2021新课标卷) The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the
__________ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it?
答案:hotter。
解析:这是“the +比较级…, the +比较级…”句型。故答案是hotter。
考法九:提示词为基数词考查其序数词
【调研01】(2023全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known
Aesop’s fables date to the 62 (six) century, B. C.
答案:sixth
解析:考查数词。句意:寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分,而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世
纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。【调研 02】(2021 新高考 II 卷)I've always loved the ocean. In the 56 (seven) grade, I started
volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
答案:seventh
解析:考查序数词。句意:七年级的时候,我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级”
用序数词,所以填seventh。
六、语法填空高考真题演练(3类6篇)
真题演练一:记叙文型语法填空(生活故事)
【2024九省联考卷】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whenever you have to write a paper, a letter, or any other document for work or school, you probably head
toward the computer. Now, most people reach for ___36___ (keyboard) faster than they pick up pens. In a Scottish
primary school, however, Mr. Norman Lewis is taking a different approach. He feels that neat handwriting
___37___ (be) still an important skill, so he has his students write not only by hand but also ___38___ old
fashioned fountain pens.
Fountain pens ___39___ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are
refillable. Today, a writer ___40___ (simple) throws an empty pen away and gets ___41___ new one.
So far, Mr. Lewis is pleased with the results of his experiment. He reports that his students are taking more care
with their work, and their self-confidence has improved as well. He is happy with the ___42___ (improve) he sees
in his students’ writing ___43___ in his own writing. He knows that computers are here ___44___ (stay) and that
they will not disappear. However, he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus, to write
faster, and they can feel proud of ____45____ (they).
【答案】56. keyboards 57. is 58. with 59. were used 60. simply 61. a 62. Improvement 63. and 64. to stay 65.
themselves
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在苏格兰的一所小学里,诺曼·刘易斯让学生使用老式钢笔写字
取得良好效果的故事。
56.考查名词的数。句意:现在,大多数人拿起键盘的速度比拿起笔的速度还快。根据空格前的介词for可知,
空格处应填名词作宾语,keyboard为可数名词,前面没有冠词应用名词的复数形式。故填keyboards。
57.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:他觉得整洁的书写仍然是一项重要的技能,所以他不仅让学生手写,
还让他们用老式的钢笔写字。空格处作谓语,本句陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,且主语
handwriting为不可数名词,应用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填is。
58.考查介词。句意:他觉得整洁的书写仍然是一项重要的技能,所以他不仅让学生手写,还让他们用老式
的钢笔写字。根据空格后的名词old fashioned fountain pens可知,空格处应填介词,表示“使用”应用介
词with。故填with。
59.考查动词时态和语态。句意:钢笔很久以前就在学校里使用了,最近又重新流行起来,因为它们可以重
新填充。空格处作谓语,根据时间状语long ago可知,应用一般过去时,主语Fountain pens和动词use之
间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were used。
60.考查副词。句意:今天,一个作家只是把一支空笔扔掉,再买一支新的。空格处作状语,修饰动词
throws,应用副词形式。故填simply。
61.考查冠词。句意:今天,一个作家只是把一支空笔扔掉,再买一支新的。空格后的代词 one指代可数名
词pen,此处表示泛指,且new是以辅音音标开头,应用不定冠词a。故填a。
62.考查名词。句意:他很高兴看到他的学生和他自己的书写都有了改善。根据空格前的冠词 the可知,空格处应填名词作介词with的宾语,表示“改善”是improvement,为不可数名词。故填improvement。
63.考查连词。句意:他很高兴看到他的学生和他自己的书写都有了改善。空格前短语 in his students’
writing和空格后的短语in his own writing为并列关系,应用and表示这种关系。故填and。
64.考查非谓语动词。句意:他知道电脑会一直存在,不会消失。根据空前的动词 are可知,空格处应填不
定式作表语,be to do为固定搭配,表示“必定会”,是对未来的一种推测。故填to stay。
65.考查代词。句意:然而,他认为,用钢笔练习可以帮助学生集中注意力,写得更快,他们可以为自己感
到自豪。根据空格前的介词of可知,空格处应填代词作宾语,根据句意“他们自己”应用 themselves。故
填themselves。
【2023新课标II卷】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it,
the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals?
Since June 2017, right before the 36 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have
been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 37 (confidence) speaking English.
And who do they speak English 38 ?
Not the pandas, even though 39 language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.
They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 40 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check
on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 41 (interview) in English
with international journalists. This is 42 they need an English trainer.
So, what are they learning? 43 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the
panda programme develop 44 to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 45
(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do
their job in English.
【答案】36. arrival 37. confident 38. with 9. the 40. visiting 41. interviews 42. why 43. Basically 44. and 45.
wished
【文章大意】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者在柏林动物园教英语。
36.考查名词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在帮助
动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空前是冠词,空后是介词,所以空处
应填名词作介词before的宾语,arrive的名词形式是arrival,不可数名词。故填arrival。
37.考查形容词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在帮
助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空处和前文的comfortable并列,作
并列表语,应用形容词形式,confidence的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。
38.考查介词。句意:他们和谁说英语?分析句子结构可知,根据句意此处强调双向交流,应用固定搭配:
speak with sb.意为“与某人交谈”。故填with。
39.考查冠词。句意:不是熊猫,尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知,此处特
指用于医学训练指导使用的语言,表特指,应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
40.考查形容词。句意:他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈,这些管理员经常来检
查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知,空后是名词,所以空处应填形容词作定语;visit对应的形
容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。
41.考查名词的数。句意:他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知,空前是动词,
所以空处应填名词作宾语,interview意为“采访”为可数名词,不止一段采访,应用复数形式。故填
interviews。42.考查表语从句。句意:这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知,空处引导表语从句,从
句中结构完整,应该用连接副词连接,前文提到需要培训师的原因,此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培
训师的原因”之意,应用why引导表语从句。故填why。
43.考查副词。句意:基本上,如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰空后整个句子,应该用
副词修饰,basic的副词形式是basically位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Basically。
44.考查连词。句意:我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展,看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知,
“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系,
应该用and连接。故填and。
45.考查动词时态。句意:作为一个小女孩,我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知,本
句缺少谓语动词,所以wish作本句谓语,和主语I之间是主动关系,根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。
故填wished。
真题演练二:说明文型语法填空(传统文化)
【2024新课标I卷】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens.
This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road
influences English gardens even in modern times.
The latest 56 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 57 (function)
structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝).
These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the
structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants.
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey
influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 61
first time. These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The
path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.
The Glasshouse stands 63 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the
southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 64
brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening
in England.
【答案】56. engineering 57. functional 58. to give 59. closed 60. walks 61 the 62. favorites 63. as 64.
which##that 65. richness【解析】
【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于
国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室,并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能、以及它如何与丝绸之
路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。
56.考查名词。句意:最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知,空处考查
短语engineering techniques,意为“工程技术”,符合句意。故填engineering。
57.考查形容词。句意:最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词
structure,应用形容词作定语functional,符合题意。故填functional。
58.考查非谓语动词。句意:温室在温暖的日子里开放,利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth.
to do sth.为固定搭配,表示“使用某物去做某事”,所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填togive。
59.考查形容词。句意:然后在寒冷的天气里,这个结构保持关闭,以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后
作表语,应用形容词closed,表示“紧闭的”,符合题意。故填closed。
60.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:此外,围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅
程。walk sb. through,意为“带领某人穿过……”,空处为本句谓语动词,根据上文可知,本句时态为一
般现在时,主语the Silk Route Garden为单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
61.考查冠词。句意:亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配:
for the first time,意为“第一次”,符合句意。故填the。
62.考查名词的数。句意:这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词,
意为“特别受喜爱的东西”,根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知,空处应用名词的复数形
式。故填favorites。
63.考查介词。句意:Mark Woodruff补充说:“这是当代设计的最高成就,在丝绸之路的尽头,中国亚热
带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场,这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英
国,定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”根据句意可知,空处指的是“作为”,应用介词as。故填as。
64.考查定语从句。句意:Mark Woodruff补充说:“这是当代设计的最高成就,在丝绸之路的尽头,中国
亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场,这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带
到英国,定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词design,先行词指物,关
系词在定语从句中作主语,用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。
65.考查名词。句意:Mark Woodruff补充说:“这是当代设计的最高成就,在丝绸之路的尽头,中国亚热
带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场,这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英
国,定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处与glory并列,应用名词形式richness,作介词of的宾语。故填
richness。
【2024新课标II卷】阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ___56___ is known as “the Shakespeare of
Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there
are common ___57___ (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare
Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___58___ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I
happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___59___ Romeo and
Juliet.”
A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two
years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___60___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___61___ (build)at the Firs
Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___62___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding
that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___63___ (find)the connection between the
two great writers.
___64___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting
Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It
was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____65____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
【答案】56. who 57. themes 58. were 59. to 60. inspired 61. was built 62. visibility 65. to find 66.
Recalling 65. and【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国明代戏曲家汤显祖与英国戏剧家莎士比亚之间的联
系和共同点,并展示了这种联系如何被纪念和展示在莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福德,且说明了这种联系对
于提高斯特拉特福德国际知名度的重要性。
56. 考查定语从句。句意:为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖,中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡
——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词,先行词为“Tang Xianzu”,在
非限制性定语从句中担当主语,表示人,用关系代词who引导。故填who。
57. 考查名词的数。句意:莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说,尽管他们从未见过面,
但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型,为倒装句,根据谓语动词“are”可判断,本句主
语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。
58. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏
剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词,根据句意以及定语从句时
态可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语为“some of the things”,复数。故填were。
59. 考查固定短语。句意:“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡
丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”固定短语:be similar to,意为“和……相似”,符合句
意。故填to。
60. 考查非谓语动词。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分
钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语,被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动
词“inspire”之间为被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填inspired。
61. 考查时态和语态。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分
钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词,根据时间状语“Two years later”可知,本句
时态为一般过去时;主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”,单数,和动词“build”之间为被动关系,所以用被
动语态。故填was built。
62. 考查名词。句意:Edmondson说,这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度,并补充说,游客
们穿过故居花园时,常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式,
visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。
63. 考查非谓语动词。句意:Edmondson说,这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度,并补充说,
游客们穿过故居花园时,常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原
因状语,用动词不定式形式。故填to find。
64. 考查非谓语动词。句意:回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版,并遇见前来斯
特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时,Edmondson说:“听到中文,看到汤显祖的戏剧是如
何被表演的,非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语,主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系,
用现在分词形式担当状语;出现在句首,首字母大写。故填Recalling。
65. 考查连词。句意:回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版,并遇见前来斯特拉特
福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时,Edmondson说:“听到中文,看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表
演的,非常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being
performed”为并列结构,用and连接。故填and。
真题演练三:说明文型语法填空(科学技术)
【2024全国甲卷】阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 61
(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 62 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed
before a campfire along the Firehole River in 63 is now northwestern Wyoming. They 64 (be) part
of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
What should 65 (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with 66
(it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 67 all people of the nation to enjoy - as a
national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 68 ( complete ) of their journey.
Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the
first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the 69 ( large) United States national
park - 2.2 million acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 70 became a national monument in
1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
【答案】61. to catch 62. treasures 63. what 64. were 65. be done 66. its 67. for 68. completion 69. largest 70.
which
【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国国家公园的由来,即四个男人发现了一处非常美的自然风景
区,决定好好保护它以供后人欣赏并为此做出了许多努力。
61. 考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管村子任何层级的各种规模和类型的公园,但特别是国家公园,由于其规模
大、种类多,往往会引起我们的注意。固定搭配:tend to do sth.,表示“倾向于做某事”,不定式作宾语,
故填to catch。
62.考查名词。句意:它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”,为可数名词,结合前文they are,应
用复数形式,故填treasures。
63.考查宾语从句。句意:1870年9月中旬,在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚,四个男人在火洞河边的营火前
放松,这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语,is前缺主语,指物,主语用what引导宾语从
句,作介词in的宾语,故填what。
64.考查时态。句意:他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分,他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的
自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人,时间为1870年,同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时
可知,本空时态为过去式且为复数形式,故填were。
65.考查被动语态。句意:对于这样一个美丽的地方,我们应该做些什么呢?主语 what指物,与谓语动词
do是被动关系,情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态,故填be done。
66.考查代词。句意:这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景,必须作为国家公园保护好,为了所有国
家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。
67.考查介词。句意同上。介词for表目的,表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。故填for。
68.考查名词。句意:他们都同意了,并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词,本空应填名词
作宾语,complete名词形式为completion,不可数,故填completion。
69.考查形容词最高级。句意:黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园,占地220万英亩,直到1978年成为国家纪
念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。
本空前有the,为形容词最高级标志词,结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣
伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知,用large的最高级largest作定语,故
填largest。
70.考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句,先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias,从句中作主语,
指物,引导非限制性定语从句用which,故填which。
【2024浙江1月卷】阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shoppingfor one, buying extra 56 (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Either your shopping is then
too heavy to carry home 57 you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh.
Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way 58 will make them the most money.
If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s 59 they’ll promote. But that leaves the
solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 6 (criticize)
that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it’s nice to get a few cents
off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes 61 (offer) in smaller packs. Even
the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day.
If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some
supermarkets 62 (start) selling chicken or salad in packs 63 (design) with two halves
containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, 64 other stays fresh.
Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking 65 (one) may yet come out with a whole
range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
【答案】56. to benefit 57. or 58. that##which 59. what 60. criticism 61. be offered 62. have started 63.
designed 64. the 65. ones
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章对商家各式各样的促销手段进行了介绍。
56. 考查动词不定式。句意:然而,如果你是想买一件,那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据
“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知,此处是指多买一件来享受降价,所以应用 to do不定式作
目的状语。故填to benefit。
57. 考查固定句式。句意:要么你买的东西太重,搬不回家,要么你买的东西还新鲜,就不能用了。
either...or...意为“要么……要么……”,为固定句式,所以此处应用连词or。故填or。
58. 考查定语从句。句意:当然,商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺
少主语,且先行词为way,所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
59. 考查名词性从句。句意:如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买,那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少
宾语,且是指事物,所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
60. 考查名词。句意:许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动,因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根
据“that they lead to waste”可知,此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。
61. 考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意:然而,虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事,但如果有时能以小
包装出售,那就更好了。动词 offer 意为“提供”,和主语构成被动关系,主语 they 代指前文中的
sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。
62. 考查现在完成时。句意:在过去的两年里,一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装,设计成两半,拆分成两
份。根据“Over the last two years”可知,此处应用现在完成时。动词 start 意为“开始”。故填 have
started。
63. 考查过去分词。句意:在过去的两年里,一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装,设计成两半,拆分成两份。
动词design意为“设计”,和谓语之间没有连词,和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系,且动作已完成,所以应
用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。
64. 考查冠词。句意:然后,当你使用其中一部分时,另一部分保持新鲜。the other意为“另一个”,为固
定搭配,所以此处应用定冠词the。故填the。
65. 考查代词。句意:谁知道呢,也许一些更有远见的人可能还会推出一系列“只为你”的包装尺寸,并提
供特别优惠。代词one意为“一个人”,在some of后应用复数形式。故填ones。七、语法填空高考名校模拟(10篇)
(2025·浙江·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China launched its complex and ambitious Chang’e-6 mission Friday to collect the first ever samples from the
far side of the moon. A 57-meter-tall Long March 5 lifted off from the Wenchang Satellite Launch Center at 5:30
a.m. Eastern (0930 UTC) May 3, carrying the 1 8,200-kilogram Chang’e-6 into orbit.
A first second stage burn was completed 12 minutes 2 launch, with a trans-lunar injection (跨月轨
道) burn set for around 14 minutes later. Spacecraft 3 (separate) is scheduled for around 37 minutes into
flight. If successful, samples 4 (deliver) by the 53-day-long mission could change our understanding of the
Earth and the history of the early solar system.
Chang’e-6 is a four-module spacecraft. Its orbiter (人造卫星) will put the mission in lunar orbit, after 5
a lander will detach to land in the Apollo crater on the moon’s far side. As the far side of the moon is never visible to
Earth, due to our planet slowing the moon’s rotation 6 leaving it tidally locked — in a way that relates to
the the rise and fall of the sea, a relay satellite is needed for communication between Earth and the moon’s hidden
side. For this, China 7 (launch) Queqiao-2 in March into a specialized lunar orbit.
After landing, the spacecraft will use a drill and scoop to gather 2,000 grams of lunar material, reaching down
two meters. These samples will 8 (load) into an ascent vehicle that will return to lunar orbit and perform
9 complex, delicate docking (对接) with the orbiter. From here, the samples are sent to a reentry capsule. The
orbiter will prepare for the return to Earth. The reentry capsule will be released just prior 10 reaching
Earth and will first skip off the planet’s atmosphere. This will help it slow it down before landing in Inner Mongolia.
【答案】1.roughly 2.after 3.separation 4.delivered/to be delivered 5.which 6.
and 7.launched 8.be loaded 9.a 10.to
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道,主要讲述了中国成功发射嫦娥六号月球探测器,执行首次从月球背面采集
样本的复杂而雄心勃勃的任务,并详细描述了发射过程、任务目标、飞船构造以及返回地球的计划。
1.考查副词。句意:东部时间5月3日上午5点30分(世界标准时间9点30分),一枚57米高的长征五
号火箭在文昌航天发射中心发射升空,将重约8200公斤的嫦娥六号送入轨道。空格处用副词作状语,rough
的副词是roughly,意为“大约”。故填roughly。
2.考查介词。句意:二级火箭的首次点火燃烧在发射后12分钟完成,跨月注入燃烧在发射后约14分钟完
成。根据语境可知,句子表示“二级火箭的首次点火燃烧在发射后 12分钟完成”,空格处意为“在……之
后”,用介词after。故填after。
3.考查名词。句意:飞船分离计划在飞行后37分钟左右进行。空格处用名词作主语,separate的名词是
separation,意为“分离”,是不可数名词,故填separation。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意:如果成功的话,这次53天的任务所带来的样本可能会改变我们对地球和早期太
阳系历史的认识。句中谓语是could change,空格处用非谓语动词,samples和deliver之间是逻辑上的被动
关系,既可以用过去分词表被动,也可以用不定式的被动形式表将来的动作,因此空格处用 delivered/to be
delivered作后置定语,故填delivered/to be delivered。
5.考查非限制性定语从句。句意:它的轨道飞行器将把任务送入月球轨道,之后一个着陆器将分离,降落
在月球背面的阿波罗陨石坑。空格处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,设空处指代主句阐述的内容,作after宾语,用关系代词。故填which。
6.考查连词。句意:由于地球减缓了月球的自转速度,使月球处于潮汐锁定状态(这与海平面的涨落有
关),地球永远看不到月球的背面,因此需要一颗中继卫星来实现地球和月球背面之间的通信。slowing the
moon’s rotation和leaving之间是并列关系,句子是肯定句,因此空格处用and表并列,故填and。
7.考查时态。句意:为此,中国于今年3月将鹊桥2号发射到一个专门的月球轨道上。句子描述过去的事
情,时态用一般过去时,空格处用过去式,故填launched。
8.考查被动语态。句意:这些样本将被装载到一个上升飞行器中,该飞行器将返回月球轨道,并与轨道飞
行器进行复杂而精细的对接。These samples与动词laod之间为被动关系,结合空前will可知,句子用一般
将来时的被动语态,空前有will,空格处用be done,故填be loaded。
9.考查冠词。句意:这些样本将被装载到一个上升飞行器中,该飞行器将返回月球轨道,并与轨道飞行器
进行复杂而精细的对接。docking是可数名词的单数形式,表泛指,前面要加不定冠词,complex是辅音音
素开头,因此不定冠词用a,故填a。
10.考查介词。句意:返回舱将在抵达地球之前释放,并将首先反弹入地球大气层。prior to是固定短语,
意为“在……之前”,因此空格处是to,故填to。
(2024·四川成都·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In an age of rapidly growing urbanization, rooftop farming has emerged as a sustainable response 11
the challenge of creating green space in cities. This innovative practice transforms rooftops into mini farms, where
vegetables, fruits, and even flowers 12 (plant), providing local residents with fresh produce and adding a
touch of nature to urban environments.
Rooftop farming, also 13 (refer) to as vertical agriculture, is more than just a trend; it’s a step towards
environmental conservation. Green roofs with vegetation help to absorb sunlight and release moisture, cooling the air
and reducing the demand for air conditioning, 14 in turn lessens energy 15 (consume) and carbon
emission. Meanwhile, rooftop farms serve as educational platforms, 16 (teach) city dwellers about
sustainable agriculture practices and the importance of 17 (local) sourced food.
As urban populations continue to grow, rooftop farming fosters community engagement 18 promotes
healthier lifestyles by providing access to fresh and organic produce. When we look towards 19 future where
environmental consciousness and sustainable practices become increasingly vital, rooftop farming stands as a
testament to our ability to cultivate more than just food—we cultivate hope for a 20 (green) and more
resilient (可迅速恢复的) world.
【答案】11.to 12.are planted 13.referred 14.which 15.consumption 16.teaching
17.locally 18.and 19.a 20.greener
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在快速发展的城市化时代,屋顶农业已成为应对城市绿色空间
挑战的可持续对策。这种创新的做法将屋顶变成了迷你农场,在那里种植蔬菜、水果,甚至鲜花,为当地
居民提供新鲜的农产品,并为城市环境增添了一丝自然气息。
11.考查介词。句意:在快速发展的城市化时代,屋顶农业已成为应对城市绿色空间挑战的可持续对策。
response to表示“应对”,为固定搭配。故填to。
12.考查动词语态。句意:这种创新的做法将屋顶变成了迷你农场,在那里种植蔬菜、水果,甚至鲜花,
为当地居民提供新鲜的农产品,并为城市环境增添了一丝自然气息。where引导的定语从句表经常性、习惯
性动作,故从句时态用一般现在时,主语 vegetables, fruits, and even flowers与plant“种植”构成被动关系,
用一般现在时的被动语态,主语为复数,be动词用are。故填are planted。
13.考查非谓语动词。句意:屋顶农业,也被称为垂直农业,不仅仅是一种趋势;这是迈向环境保护的一步。本句系动词为is,此处为非谓语动词,此处refer“提到,提及,称……(为)”与Rooftop farming构
成被动关系,故用过去分词,作后置定语。故填referred。
14.考查定语从句。句意:有植被的绿色屋顶有助于吸收阳光和释放水分,冷却空气,减少对空调的需求,
从而减少能源消耗和碳排放。空格处引导非限制性定语从句,指代前文整个主句,关系词在从句中作主语,
用which引导。故填which。
15.考查名词。句意:有植被的绿色屋顶有助于吸收阳光和释放水分,冷却空气,减少对空调的需求,从
而减少能源消耗和碳排放。本空应用不可数名词 consumption“消耗”,作动词 lessens 的宾语。故填
consumption。
16.考查非谓语动词。句意:与此同时,屋顶农场作为教育平台,向城市居民传授可持续农业实践和本地
采购食物的重要性。句子谓语动词是serve,rooftop farms与teach“教”构成主动关系,故用现在分词,作
状语。故填teaching。
17.考查副词。句意:与此同时,屋顶农场作为教育平台,向城市居民传授可持续农业实践和本地采购食
物的重要性。修饰形容词sourced“有来源的,有出处的”,应用副词locally“在本地,本地”,作状语。故
填locally。
18.考查连词。句意:随着城市人口的不断增长,屋顶农业通过提供新鲜有机农产品,促进了社区参与,
促进了更健康的生活方式。结合前后文语境可知 fosters与promotes为并列关系,应用连词and连接。故填
and。
19.考查冠词。句意:当我们展望环保意识和可持续实践变得越来越重要的未来时,屋顶农业证明了我们
不仅有能力种植食物——我们还培养了一个更绿色、更可迅速恢复的世界的希望。此处泛指“一个未来”,
且future以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。故填a。
20.考查形容词比较级。句意:当我们展望环保意识和可持续实践变得越来越重要的未来时,屋顶农业证
明了我们不仅有能力种植食物——我们还培养了一个更绿色、更可迅速恢复的世界的希望。根据后文 and
more resilient可知空格处应用形容词比较级greener“更绿色的”。故填greener。
(2024·湖北襄阳·一模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many people may throw away the pits (核) or nuts after eating fruits, but inheritors of nut carving have
instead collected them and turned them into artworks.
“One nut, 21 (range) from 0.8 to 6 centimeters, can be made into delicate fan pendants (扇坠),
earrings, buttons, seals, ect,” said Tan Wanhai, 22 inheritor of Weifang nut carving.
Weifang nut carving 23 (date) back to the Qing Dynasty. During that time, retired imperial craftsman
Wang Dayan spread the skill to the local people in Shandong Province. Craftsmen back then often used peach pits to
show off their artistic skills. Due to the rigorous (缜密的) carving skills 24 its rich artistic content, Weifang
nut carving 25 (list) as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2008.
Tan couldn’t forget 26 impressed he was when he first saw a nut carving. Yet, the 48-year-old
craftsman also admitted that the Journey of bringing this kind of masterpiece to life is not all smooth sailing. “Unlike
some pits 27 a flat surface, each peach pit has its own unique texture,” Tan said, adding that craftsmen have
to study and trace each peach pit to carefully plan out their artwork.
“Now, the number of inheritors 28 (follow) the tradition is about 1,000. But I believe it could be 29
(high) as more craftsmen give up the tradition of passing down the skill only through the family and open up the
30 (occupy) to anyone who is interested,” added Tan.
【答案】21.ranging 22.an 23.dates 24.and 25.was listed 26.how 27.with
28.following 29.higher 30.occupation【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了潍坊坚果雕刻工艺的传承和发展。
21.考查非谓语动词。句意:“一颗坚果,直径从 0.8厘米到6厘米不等,可以制成精致的扇形吊坠、耳环、
纽扣、印章等,”潍坊坚果雕刻的著名传承人谭万海说。此处为非谓语动词,动词range“(按一定位置或
顺序)排列”和前文名词nut之间是主动关系,应用现在分词,作后置定语。故填ranging。
22.考查冠词。句意:同上。后文名词inheritor是单数泛指概念,不是特指某一人,应用不定冠词限定,
inheritor 以元音音素开头,应用an。故填an。
23.考查时态。句意:潍坊坚果雕刻的历史可以追溯到清朝。此处描述从现在追溯历史,date back to“追溯
到”一般用一般现在时,主语Weifang nut carving为单数,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填dates。
24.考查连词。句意:由于雕刻技术严谨,艺术内容丰富,潍坊坚果雕刻于 2008年被列为国家级非物质文
化遗产。前后文之间为并列顺承关系,用连词and连接名词短语,作Due to的宾语。故填and。
25.考查时态和语态。句意:同上。动词list和主语之间是被动关系,根据时间状语in 2008可知,应用一
般过去时的被动语态,主语是单数,be动词使用is。故填was listed。
26.考查宾语从句。句意:谭无法忘记,当他第一次看到一个坚果雕刻时,他的印象是多么深刻。此处引
导宾语从句,连接副词how“多么”,修饰形容词impressed。故填how。
27.考查介词。句意:与一些表面平坦的果核不同,每个桃核都有自己独特的纹理。根据句意和句子结构
可知,此处表示“具有”,应用介词with和后文名词构成短语,作定语,修饰前文名词。故填with。
28.考查非谓语动词。句意:现在,继承这一传统的人大约有 1000人。此处是非谓语,动词follow和前文
名词inheritors之间是主动关系,应用现在分词,作后置定语。故填following。
29.考查形容词比较级。句意:但我相信,随着越来越多的工匠放弃只通过家庭传承技艺的传统,并向任
何感兴趣的人开放这一职业,这个数字可能会更高。根据后文句意可知,此处表示“这个数字可能会更
高”,用形容词比较级作表语。故填higher。
30.考查名词。句意:同上。定冠词the后应用名词occupation作open up的宾语,根据句意,用单数,指
“坚果雕刻”这一职业。故填occupation。
(2024·江西·一模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Silver jewelry made by the Miao ethnic group has been boosting rural development in Taijiang county,
Qiandongnan Miao and Dong autonomous prefecture, Guizhou province.
The jewelry is one of the brilliant 31 (treasure) of Miao culture. It boasts exquisite silver jewels and
traditional crafts. For more than 400 years, people of Miao ethnic group 32 (stick) to the custom of
decorating themselves with homemade silver ornaments 33 (enhance) their charm and show off their
34 (prosper) life. Its forging crafts was added to the national intangible cultural heritage list in May, which is
not only a form of culture but also a 35 (carry) of culture.
Driven by ethnic festivals and the public’s increasing passion 36 silver jewelry, the local tourism
industry has developed quickly in recent years. To achieve further development, Taijiang county has worked 37
(diligent) to develop the ethnic folk handicraft industry. According to 38 local Cultural and Tourism
Bureau, by the end of 2021, there were 102 companies making silver jewelry, 39 total output value
reached more than 100 million yuan ($ 13.68 million) and created 3,000 jobs for villagers, 40 (lay) a
solid foundation for the county to promote rural revitalization.
【答案】31.treasures 32.have stuck 33.to enhance 34.prosperous 35.carrier 36.
for 37.diligently 38.the 39.whose 40.laying
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了苗族银饰对贵州贫困地区的经济发展起到了积极的作用。
31.考查名词的数。句意:首饰是苗族文化的瑰宝之一。此处为短语 one of+可数名词复数,用treasure的复数形式。故填treasures。
32.考查时态。句意:400多年来,苗族人一直坚持用自制银饰装饰自己的习俗,以增强自己的魅力,炫耀
自己的富裕生活。根据上文For more than 400 years可知为现在完成时,主语为people,助动词用have。
故填have stuck。
33.考查非谓语动词。句意:400多年来,苗族人一直坚持用自制银饰装饰自己的习俗,以增强自己的魅力,
炫耀自己的富裕生活。此处enhance作目的状语,用不定式形式。故填to enhance。
34.考查形容词。句意:400多年来,苗族人一直坚持用自制银饰装饰自己的习俗,以增强自己的魅力,炫
耀自己的富裕生活。修饰名词life应用形容词prosperous作定语。故填prosperous。
35.考查名词。句意:它的锻造工艺在5月被列入国家非物质文化遗产名录,它不仅是一种文化形式,也是
文化的载体。根据上文不定冠词a可知用单数名词carrier。故填carrier。
36.考查介词。句意:近年来,在民族节日和公众对银饰日益高涨的热情的推动下,当地的旅游业发展迅
速。短语passion for表示“对……的热爱”。故填for。
37.考查副词。句意:为了进一步发展,台江县努力发展民族民间手工业。修饰动词 work应用副词
diligently作状语,故填diligently。
38.考查冠词。句意:据当地文化和旅游局介绍,截至 2021年底,有102家银饰企业,总产值超过1亿元
(1368万美元),为村民创造了3000个就业岗位,为该县推进乡村振兴奠定了坚实的基础。此处特指台江
县当地文化和旅游局,应用定冠词the。故填the。
39.考查定语从句。句意:据当地文化和旅游局介绍,截至 2021年底,有102家银饰企业,总产值超过1
亿元(1368万美元),为村民创造了3000个就业岗位,为该县推进乡村振兴奠定了坚实的基础。此处为非
限制性定语从句修饰先行词102 companies,关系词替代先行词在从句作total output value的定语,用关系
代词whose。故填whose。
40.考查非谓语动词。句意:据当地文化和旅游局介绍,截至2021年底,有102家银饰企业,总产值超过
1亿元(1368万美元),为村民创造了3000个就业岗位,为该县推进乡村振兴奠定了坚实的基础。该空后
内容是前句造成的意料之中的结果,lay用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填laying。
(2024·辽宁大连·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A first-of-its-kind elevated steel pedestrian walkway system -Fuzhou Forest Walkway- runs through forested
areas in China. 41 (common) known as “Fudao”, it 42 (extend) over 6.3 kilometers from end to
end, covering about 19 kilometers along its winding path. The walkway, 43 (design) as an urban connector,
links two bodies of water, while 44 (provide) public access to the hills outside of Fuzhou’s city center.
The project forms part of a larger redevelopment of the area, which also saw 45 (significance)
improvements to the region’s facilities. An existing bus station has been transformed into a visitor center, while
46 fish pond has been repurposed as a bio-retention(生物滞留) lake.
The walkway consists of six basic deck components 47 can be ordered and linked together in
various ways. The project is a system capable of crossing over the rolling mountains and protecting the ecology of
the site. The use of a porous grating(格栅) for decks allows natural light 48 (reach) the ground plants,
encouraging low-lying plants to grow.
Interestingly, 49 enables barrier-free access along the walkway’s entire length is its consistent 1:16
gradient (坡度). This was an important consideration for public access, ensuring that it could be enjoyed by people
50 all ages. Conveniences such as rest areas, viewing decks, observation towers, and teahouses have been
included, adding variety and character to the site as an eco-tourism destination.
【答案】41.Commonly 42.extends 43.designed 44.providing 45.significant 46.a47.that/which 48.to reach 49.what 50.of
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了中国首个高架钢结构人行步道系统——福州森林步道。
41.考查副词。句意:俗称“福道”,它从一端到另一端延伸超过6.3公里,沿着蜿蜒的路径绵延约19公
里。副词commonly作状语修饰动词,首字母大写。故填Commonly。
42.考查时态。句意:俗称“福岛”,它从一端到另一端延伸超过6.3公里,沿着蜿蜒的路径绵延约19公
里。陈述事实,为一般现在时,主语为it ,谓语为单三形式。故填extends。
43.考查非谓语。句意:这条人行道被设计成城市连接器,连接两个水体,同时为福州市中心外的山丘提
供公共通道。空处为非谓语动词,The walkway与design为被动关系,用过去分词作定语。故填designed。
44.考查省略。句意:这条人行道被设计成城市连接器,连接两个水体,同时为福州市中心外的山丘提供
公共通道。本句为状语从句的省略,还原后文:while the walkway is providing, 省略了主语和be动词。故
填providing。
45.考查形容词。句意:该项目是该地区更大的再开发的一部分,该地区的设施也得到了显著改善。形容
词significant作定语修饰名词。故填significant。
46.考查冠词。句意:一个现有的公交车站被改造成一个游客中心,而一个鱼塘被改造成一个生物保留湖。
泛指“一个鱼塘”,且fish首字母的发音为辅音音素,所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
47.考查定语从句。句意:人行道由六个基本的甲板组件组成,这些组件可以以各种方式排列和连接在一
起。先行词为 six basic deck components,作定语从句的主语,关系代词为 that 或者 which。故
填that/which。
48.考查不定式。句意:露台使用多孔光栅,让自然光照射到地面植物,促进低洼植物生长。allow sb/sth
to do sth允许某人/某物做某事。故填to reach。
49.考查连接词。句意:有趣的是,使整个人行道无障碍的是其始终如一的 1:16坡度。空处为主语从句,
缺少主语,连接词为what。故填what。
50.考查介词。句意:这是公共访问的一个重要考虑因素,确保所有年龄段的人都能享受它。of all ages所
有年龄段,为固定短语。故填of。
(2024·河北邢台·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Young Chinese bring hanfu to the world during Spring Festival
Young people dressed in hanfu, the traditional clothing of the Han ethnic group in China, were spotted in
many locations around the world during the Spring Festival holiday in 2024.
An initiative 51 (launch) in late January by Xiaohongshu, a Chinese lifestyle-focused social media
platform, inviting users to upload photos or videos of 52 (they) and friends wearing hanfu at landmarks
around the world from January 28 to February 19.
The first two weeks of the initiative saw some 10, 000 Xiaohongshuusers share their photos 53 (take)
from around 30 countries and regions around the world, one of 54 even posted photos from Antarctica.
Many young Chinese people working or studying overseas also encouraged their foreign friends to wear
traditional Chinese costumes 55 (celebrate) the Spring Festival together.
Hanfu, as well as other traditional forms of Chinese costume, 56 (experience) a surge in popularity in
recent years. Clothes 57 (feature) traditional Chinese elements combined with modern designs, and dubbed
the “new Chinese style”, have developed 58 a fashion trend among the younger generations both at home
and abroad.
Analysts say the rise of “China chic” reflects young Chinese people’s 59 (confident) in their own
culture. Wearing Chinese-style costumes not only reflects the wearers’ Eastern temperament, 60presents Chinese aesthetics to the world.
【答案】51.was launched 52.themselves 53.taken 54.whom 55.to celebrate 56.
has experienced 57.featuring 58.into 59.confidence 60.but
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道,主要讲述了汉服在2024年春节假期期间在全球范围内的流行现象,以及这
一现象所反映的中国年轻人对传统文化的热爱和自信。
51.考查时态,语态和主谓一致。句意:1月下旬,中国关注生活方式的社交媒体平台小红书发起了一项活
动,邀请用户在1月28日至2月19日期间上传自己和朋友在世界各地地标建筑中穿着汉服的照片或视频。
initiative和launch之间是逻辑动宾关系,因此句子用被动语态,由in late January可知,句子时态是一般
过去时,因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态,主语 An initiative是单数,因此空格处是was launched。故
填was launched。
52.考查反身代词。句意:1月下旬,中国关注生活方式的社交媒体平台小红书发起了一项活动,邀请用户
在1月28日至2月19日期间上传自己和朋友在世界各地地标建筑中穿着汉服的照片或视频。根据语境可知,
句子表示“邀请用户在1月28日至2月19日期间上传自己和朋友在世界各地地标建筑中穿着汉服的照片或
视频”,空格处意为“他们自己”,用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
53.考查非谓语动词。句意:该活动的前两周,大约有1万名小红书用户分享了他们在全球30个国家和地
区拍摄的照片,其中一名用户甚至发布了在南极洲拍摄的照片。句中谓语是 saw,空格处用非谓语动词,
photos和take之间是逻辑动宾关系,因此空格处用过去分词表被动,故填taken。
54.考查定语从句。句意:该活动的前两周,大约有1万名小红书用户分享了他们在全球30个国家和地区
拍摄的照片,其中一名用户甚至发布了在南极洲拍摄的照片。空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制
性定语从句,先行词10, 000 Xiaohongshuusers是人,因此空格处用关系代词whom,故填whom。
55.考查不定式。句意:许多在海外工作或留学的中国年轻人也鼓励他们的外国朋友穿着中国传统服装一
起庆祝春节。根据语境可知,句子表示“许多在海外工作或留学的中国年轻人也鼓励他们的外国朋友穿着
中国传统服装一起庆祝春节”,空格处用不定式表目的,故填to celebrate。
56.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:汉服和其他中国传统服装一样,近年来越来越受欢迎。由 in recent years
可知,句子时态用现在完成时,as well as连接两个并列主语时,谓语的形式根据前面的主语来确定,即根
据Hanfu来确定,Hanfu是不可数名词,因此空格处用has experienced。故填has experienced。
57.考查非谓语动词。句意:传统中国元素与现代设计相结合的服装,被称为“新中国风”,已经在国内
外的年轻一代中发展成为一种时尚趋势。句中谓语是 have developed,空格处用非谓语动词,Clothes和
feature之间是主谓关系,因此空格处用现在分词表主动,故填featuring。
58.考查介词。句意:传统中国元素与现代设计相结合的服装,被称为“新中国风”,已经在国内外的年
轻一代中发展成为一种时尚趋势。根据语境可知,句子表示“传统中国元素与现代设计相结合的服装,被
称为“新中国风”,已经在国内外的年轻一代中发展成为一种时尚趋势”,“发展成为”是 develop into,
因此空格处是介词into,故填into。
59.考查名词。句意:分析人士表示,“中国风”的兴起反映了中国年轻人对自己文化的信心。people’s后
跟名词,confident的名词是confidence,是不可数名词,意为“信心”,故填confidence。
60.考查固定搭配。句意:穿着中式服装不仅体现了穿着者的东方气质,也向世界展示了中国美学。not
only...but also...是固定搭配,意为“不但……而且……”,also可省略,因此空格处是but,故填but。
(2024·山东·三模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Woodcut New Year picture, a historic art form of woodcut painting, is for the occasion of Chinese Spring
Festival. It features beautiful art designs with bright, delightful colors 61 fits the mood of the people
longing for a happy life.Popular 62 (theme) of Woodcut New Year picture include house safeguard, family wishes, and
prosperity. Customarily, hanging on the door 63 (keep) the dangerous spirits away are door gods (门神)
while on the screen wall facing the door is a character “Fu” 64 indicates good fortune.
Folk New Year picture emerged in pre-historical time and 65 (use) as the door god. The 66
(grow) of product economy and handicraft (手工艺) industry along with the advancement in printing during the
Song Dynasty 67 (change) the manufacture of Chinese New Year picture from mainly hand-painting to
woodcut painting, making it richer both 68 category and content.
After being listed as National Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2006, woodcut New Year picture has enjoyed
69 (great) popularity, significantly influencing the artistic styles of other nations as well. The making of the
picture, a package process from drafting, woodcut, painting, to hand painting touch-up, keeps millions of its lovers
70 (lose) in its striking beauty.
【答案】61.and 62.themes 63.to keep 64.which/that 65.was used 66.growth
67.changed 68.in 69.greater 70.lost
【导语】本文为一篇说明文,介绍了中国木刻年画的特点,历史和重要意义。
61.考查连词。句意:它具有美丽的艺术设计,色彩明亮,令人愉快,符合人们渴望幸福生活的心情。根
据features beautiful art designs和fits the mood可知,两个动词之间为并列关系,用并列连词and。故填
and。
62.考查名词。句意:木刻年画的流行主题包括房屋安全,家庭愿望,和繁荣。空处作主语,谓语动词
include为原形,主语为复数形式。故填themes。
63.考查非谓语动词。句意:传统上,门上挂着门神来驱走危险的神灵,而正对着门的墙上则挂着一个
“福”字,象征着好运。根据句意可知,门神挂在门上是用来驱走神灵,空处用不定式作目的状语。故填
to keep。
64.考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为“Fu”,作从句的主语,表示物,用关
系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
65.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:民间年画出现于史前时代,被用作门神。根据 in pre-historical
time可知,句子描述过去的事情,用一般过去时,主语Folk New Year picture与use构成被动关系,用一般
过去时的被动语态。主语为单数。故填was used。
66.考查名词。句意:宋代产品经济的发展和手工业的发展以及印刷术的进步,使得年画的制作从以手绘
为主向以木刻为主转变,无论在种类上还是内容上都更加丰富。空处作主语,用名词,表示“发展”用
growth。故填growth。
67.考查动词时态。句意同上。空处作谓语,根据during the Song Dynasty可知,句子描述过去的事情,
用一般过去时,动词用过去式。故填changed。
68.考查介词。句意同上。be rich in为固定短语,表示“在……方面很丰富”,空处缺少介词in。故填
in。
69.考查形容词的级。句意:2006年被列入国家非物质文化遗产后,木刻年画的知名度越来越高,也对其
他民族的艺术风格产生了重大影响。空处修饰 popularity 用形容词作定语,结合 After being listed as
National Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2006可知,被列入国家非物质文化遗产后,木刻年画的知名度越来
越高,此处用比较级。故填greater。
70.考查非谓语动词。句意:这幅画的制作,从起草,木刻,绘画,到手绘润色,一个包装过程,让数百
万的爱好者迷失在它的惊人的美丽中。空处作宾补,millions of its lovers与lose构成被动关系,用过去分词。
故填lost。(2024·宁夏石嘴山·模拟预测)阅读下面材料,在答题卡相应位置处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括
号内单词的正确形式。
The China Cultural Center in Paris hosted the “Nihao! China” Lantern Festival Culinary (食物的) Night at the
Jardin Acclimatation amusement park in Paris on 71 eve of the Lantern Festival. During the event, the
guests watched an ethnic music performance presented by five European-based 72 (musician).
Guests also 73 (visit) the Yuyuan Garden Lantern Show, which has lasted 72 days and covered
important holidays such as New Year’s Day, Spring Festival and Lantern Festival. Themed “Classic of Mountains
and Seas”, 74 shares the name of the ancient Chinese mythology (神话) of Shan Hai Jing, the show
contains 2,000 traditional lanterns, 75 (allow) visitors to appreciate the spectacular art of Chinese lanterns
and much 76 (rich) Chinese culture. In the food experience session, guests enjoyed traditional Chinese
delicacies such as bingtang hulu and dao xiao mian, further deepening 77 (they) understanding and
appreciation of Chinese culture.
The “Nihao! China” Lantern Festival Culinary Night served 78 the closing event of the 2024
“Happy Chinese New Year” celebrations of the China Cultural Center in Paris. The “Nihao! China” Lantern Festival
24-Hour Live Global Broadcast, 79 (host) by China Daily, covers six cities in four countries: China,
France, Hungary and Italy, presenting an ever-increasing feast visually and 80 (cultural).
【答案】71.the 72.musicians 73.visited 74.which 75.allowing 76.richer
77.their 78.as 79.hosted 80.culturally
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了龙年元宵节前夜,巴黎中国文化中心在巴黎风情园举办的“你
好!中国”——“豫园灯会美食夜”活动。
71.考查冠词。句意:元宵节前夜,巴黎中国文化中心在巴黎风情园举办了“你好!中国”元宵节美食之
夜活动。空处表示特指,指“元宵节前夜”,应用定冠词the。故填the。
72.考查名词复数。句意:在活动期间,嘉宾们观看了五位在欧洲的音乐家的民族音乐表演。根据“five”
可知,musician应用复数形式,作介词by宾语。故填musicians。
73.考查时态。句意:来宾们还参观了豫园灯展,灯展持续了 72天,涵盖了元旦、春节和元宵节等重要节
日。空处作句子的谓语,此处在叙述过去发生的事情,时态应用一般过去时。故填visited。
74.考查定语从句。句意:该展览以“山海经”为主题,与中国古代神话《山海经》同名,包含 2000盏传
统灯笼,让游客欣赏壮观的中国灯笼艺术和更丰富的中国文化。空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词
Classic of Mountains and Seas,先行词指物,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词 which 作引导词。故填
which。
75.考查非谓语动词。句意:该展览以“山海经”为主题,与中国古代神话《山海经》同名,包含 2000盏
传统灯笼,让游客欣赏壮观的中国灯笼艺术和更丰富的中国文化。句子主干成分完整,空处表示随着谓语
行为自然发生的结果,作结果状语,应用allow的现在分词形式。故填allowing。
76.考查形容词比较级。句意:该展览以“山海经”为主题,与中国古代神话《山海经》同名,包含 2000
盏传统灯笼,让游客欣赏壮观的中国灯笼艺术和更丰富的中国文化。设空处作定语修饰名词短语 Chinese
culture,根据“much”以及句意可知,此处表示比较的含义,应用rich的比较级形式。故填richer。
77.考查代词。句意:在美食体验环节,嘉宾们品尝了冰塘葫芦、刀削面等中国传统美食,进一步加深了
对中国文化的了解和欣赏。空处修饰understanding和appreciation,应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
78.考查介词。句意:“你好!中国”元宵节美食之夜是巴黎中国文化中心 2024年“欢乐春节”系列活动
的收官项目。固定短语serve as意为“充当,担任”。故填as。
79.考查非谓语动词。句意:“你好!中国”元宵节24小时全球直播由《中国日报》主办,覆盖中国、法国、匈牙利、意大利四个国家的六个城市,呈现一场日益丰富的视觉和文化盛宴。句子主干成分完整,空
处作前面名词短语的非限制性后置定语,host和该名词短语逻辑上是被动关系,且该动作已完成,应用host
的过去分词形式。故填hosted。
80.考查副词。句意:“你好!中国”元宵节24小时全球直播由《中国日报》主办,覆盖中国、法国、匈
牙利、意大利四个国家的六个城市,呈现一场日益丰富的视觉和文化盛宴。空处和visually并列作状语,应
用副词culturally。故填culturally。
(2024·江苏南京·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China plans to start building a lunar base in about four years, 81 (kick) off with bricks made of moon
soil, according to scientists related to the project, the local news agency reported. Ding Lieyun, 82 leading
scientist at Huazhong University of Science and Technology, told local media that the first brick 83 (make)
from moon soil during the Chang’e 8 mission around 2028.
China has previously said its lunar base will likely be powered by nuclear energy, and will include a lander,
hopper, orbiter and rover, all of 84 would be constructed by the Chang’e 6, 7 and 8 missions. It wasn’t
immediately clear in the interview 85 the entire base will be built with lunar soil.
“Eentually, building habitation 86 the Earth is essential not only for all humanity’s quest for space
exploration, but also for China’s 87 (strategy) needs as a space power,” Ding said in a separate interview.
The moon is believed 88 (contain) a source of waste-free nuclear energy that could meet global
energy demands for 250 years, meaning potentially hundreds of billions of dollars’ worth of resources.
Yu Dengyun, from the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, provided an 89
(update) timeline for the next three Chang’e missions. Chang’e 6 will launch in 2025 to collect samples from the far
side of the moon, Chang’e 7 will blastoff the following year to search for water-ice, 90 Chang’e 8 should
land some two years after that.
【答案】81.kicking 82.a 83.would be made 84.which 85.if/whether
86.beyond/outside 87.strategic 88.to contain 89.updated 90.and
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国计划在大约四年内开始在月球上建造一个月球基地,该
计划将以月球土壤制成的砖块作为开端。
81.考查现在分词。句意:据当地新闻机构报道,与该项目的科学家表示,中国计划在大约四年内开始建
造月球基地,并将以月球土壤制成的砖块为开端。分析句子结构可知,kick off在句子中不作为谓语动词使
用,它和“China plans to start building a lunar base in about four years”之间为主动关系,因此使用现在分
词作状语,故填kicking。
82.考查冠词。句意:华中科技大学首席科学家丁烈云在接受当地媒体采访时表示,第一块砖将在 2028年
左右的嫦娥8号任务期间从月球土壤中制成。 scientist 为可数名词,leading是以辅音音素开头的单词,因
此使用不定冠词a,故填a。
83.考查时态和语态。句意:华中科技大学首席科学家丁烈云在接受当地媒体采访时表示,第一块砖将在
2028年左右的嫦娥8号任务期间从月球土壤中制成。make是谓语动词,它和“the first brick”之间为被动
关系,并且make的动作发生在told 之后,则用过去将来时的被动语态“would be done”,故填would be
made。
84.考查定语从句。句意:中国此前曾表示,其月球基地可能由核能供电,包括着陆器、料斗、轨道器和
月球车,所有这些都将由嫦娥6号、7号和8号任务建造。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从
句,“a lander, hopper, orbiter and rover”是先行词,它在从句中作宾语,指物,因此使用which引导定语
从句,故填which。85.考查从属连词。句意:在采访中,目前还不清楚整个基地是否会用月球土壤建造。分析句子结构可知,
空格处引导主语从句,需要的词义为“是否”,使用连词if或whethe,故填if或whether。
86.考查介词。句意:丁在一次单独的采访中说:“最终,在地球外部建造居住地不仅对人类追求太空探
索至关重要,而且对中国作为太空大国的战略需求也至关重要。”根据句意的需要可知,此处应该填入介
词,表示“在……之外”,可以使用beyond或outside,故填beyond或outside。
87.考查形容词。句意:丁在一次单独的采访中说:“最终,在地球外部建造居住地不仅对人类追求太空
探索至关重要,而且对中国作为太空大国的战略需求也至关重要。”此处需填入形容词作定语修饰 needs,
需要的词义为“战略的”,即strategic,故填strategic。
88.考查动词不定式。句意:据信,月球上蕴藏着一种无废料的核能资源,可以满足全球250年的能源需求,
这意味着潜在价值数千亿美元的资源。be believed to do表示“被认为做某事”,故填to contain。
89.考查过去分词。句意:来自中国航天科技集团公司的于登云提供了未来三次嫦娥任务的最新时间表。
update和timeline之间为被动关系,因此使用过去分词作定语,需要的词义为“最新的”,即 updated,故
填updated。
90.考查并列连词。句意:嫦娥六号将于2025年发射,从月球背面收集样本,嫦娥七号将于次年发射,寻
找水冰,嫦娥八号将在两年后着陆。根据“provided an...( update) timeline for the next three Chang’e
missions”可知,“Chang’e 6”和“Chang’e 7”以及“Chang’e 8”是并列关系,使用并列连词and来连接,故
填and。
(2024·广东广州·三模)阅读下面短文,在空处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Shenzhen University offered pillows as a graduation gift to graduates on Sunday 91 the hope of
reminding them of 92 important sleep and pursuing their dreams are.
At the graduation ceremony, president of the university Mao Junfa encouraged the young graduates to attach
importance to their health and avoid staying up late. He warned them not to wait until sleep becomes 93
luxury. The front of the pillow features four different designs that contain iconic buildings 94 (represent)
Shenzhen and the university. On the back, a message from the university 95 (read), “Look up at the starry
sky at night to dream, 96 step solidly on the ground during the day to chase dreams.”
Mao said that instead of 97 (wake) up by an alarm clock in the morning, it is the problems they
need to solve and the dreams they desire to achieve 98 get them out of bed.
In previous years, the university gifted graduates items such as umbrellas with the meaning of breaking a path
through troubles and backpacks symbolizing 99 (adventure) spirit.
In addition to the customized pillows, the university also prepared commemorative test tubes of soil and
100 (branch) from the university’s lychee garden. The materials were carefully selected, collected and
sterilized for graduates to take away as part of their memories of the school.
【答案】91.in/with 92.how 93.a 94.representing 95.reads 96.and 97.being
woken 98.that 99.adventurous 100.branches
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了上周日,深圳大学向毕业生们赠送了枕头作为毕业礼物,希望以
此提醒他们睡眠和追求梦想的重要性。
91.考查固定短语。句意:上周日,深圳大学向毕业生们赠送了枕头作为毕业礼物,希望以此提醒他们睡
眠和追求梦想的重要性。此处为固定短语in/with the hope of“带着希望”,满足句意要求。故填in/with。
92.考查宾语从句。句意:上周日,深圳大学向毕业生们赠送了枕头作为毕业礼物,希望以此提醒他们睡
眠和追求梦想的重要性。空前为介词of,此处应为连接词引导的宾语从句,结合句意可知,应为连接副词
how“多么,如何”作状语,满足句意要求。故填how。93.考查冠词。句意:他警告他们不要等到睡觉变成一种奢侈。根据句意以及空后 luxury为单数名词可知,
此处为表示泛指“一种奢侈”为泛指概念,结合luxury为首音节辅音单词,所以为不定冠词a的填入。故
填a。
94.考查非谓语动词。句意:枕头的正面有四种不同的设计,包含代表深圳和大学的标志性建筑。分析句
子可知,此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰buildings,buildings和represent为主动关系,所以为现在分词
形式。故填representing。
95.考查动词时态。句意:背面是学校的留言:“晚上仰望星空做梦,白天脚踏实地追梦。”此处为谓语
动词的填入,根据句意可知,此处为陈述客观事实,为一般现在时,结合主语 a message为单数名词,所以
为动词三单形式。故填reads。
96.考查连词。句意:背面是学校的留言:“晚上仰望星空做梦,白天脚踏实地追梦。”根据句意可知,
此处为连词and表示“以及,并且”连接前后两个动词Look up和step,保持并列结构。故填and。
97.考查动名词的被动结构。句意:毛校长说,叫醒他们的不是早上的闹钟,而是他们需要解决的问题和
他们想要实现的梦想。由空前instead of可知,此处为动名词形式,结合wake up和逻辑主语they为被动关
系,所以为动名词的被动结构。故填being woken。
98.考查强调句型。句意:毛校长说,叫醒他们的不是早上的闹钟,而是他们需要解决的问题和他们想要
实现的梦想。分析句子可知,该句为it is…that/who…的强调句型,当强调内容为人,用that/who,强调内
容为物,用that,被强调部分为the problems they need to solve and the dreams they desire to achieve,为强
调句子的主语成分。故填that。
99.考查形容词。句意:前几年,该校曾向毕业生赠送象征着破除困难的雨伞和象征着冒险精神的背包等
礼物。由空后spirit为名词可知,此处为形容词adventurous“冒险的”作定语修饰该名词,满足句意要求。
故填adventurous。
100.考查名词复数形式。句意:除了定制的枕头,学校还准备了纪念试管,试管是用学校荔枝园的土壤和
树枝制成的。branch“树枝”为可数名词,根据句意以及and连接的tubes可知,此处也应为名词复数形式,
满足句意要求。故填branches。