专题05冠词(原卷版）_3.2025英语总复习_2024年新高考资料_3.2024专项复习_[高考字典]2024年高考英语一轮复习语法填空专题应对策略(通用版)

高考英语一轮复习语法填空专题应对策略 专题 05 冠词 目录 一 命题规律 a, an ,the的用法 二 备考策略 归类掌握a, an ,the的用法 三 基本知识 a, an ,the的用法 四 真题训练 近几年高考冠词a, an, the专题训练 五 思路点拨 纯空格设在没有限定词的名词前，特别是单数可数名词前，通常填冠词，根据语境 及定冠词与不定冠词的基本用法选用恰当的冠词。 六 考点归纳 冠词a, an, the的主要用法 七 考点练透 再次巩固所掌握的知识点体系并能灵活应用 命题规律：a, an ,the的用法 备考策略：归类掌握a, an ,the的用法 基本知识: 一.冠词的含义: 英语中名词前会出现a, an ,the,用来说明名词所表示的人或物。这三个词常位于名词前，故称之为冠词。 冠词是虚词，不能脱离名词而独立存在，不能单独作句子成分。 考点1.不定冠词 a/an 用法 不定冠词a/an表示“某一个”，或首次提到的泛指的人或事物。 不定冠 词 a/an 区分 以辅音音素开头的单词前使用a，以元音音素开头的单词前使用an。但要注意以下两种情况： 有些单词开头的辅音字母并不发音，即该单词的读音实际上是以元音音素开头的，要使用an， 如：an hour，an honest man。 不定冠词a/an 不定冠词有a,an两种形式,用来表示不特定的人或事物,一般修饰可数名词单数。 如何选择a/an? 当紧跟冠词的名词或修饰词以辅音音素开头时,用不定冠词a; 当紧跟冠词的名词或修饰词以元音音素开头时,用不定冠词an。 【注意】1.拼写以辅音字母开头,发音却以元音音素开头的单词,如: hour,honest,honor,NBA等,其前要用an。 2.拼写以元音字母开头,发音却以辅音音素开头的单词,如: useful, university,usual,unit,uniform,European等,其 前要用a。 知识1 不定冠词的基本用法 1.虽表示"一",但不强调数量概念。(也可表达数量概念)►I have a bike. It's made in Shanghai. 2.用于首次提到的对方不知道的人或物前。 ►—There is a park on the corner of the street. —Is it big? 3.用于可数名词单数前,泛指一类人或事物,或指同类人或事物中的"一个"。 ►A bird has wings. 4.表示不确定的"某一",相当于a certain, some。 ►A Mr. Wang came to see you this morning. 5.表示"每一",相当于per或each,用于表示价格、速度、频率等的短语中。 ►The car can run 200 kilometres an hour. 6.用于"of a/an+名词"结构中,表示"同一",相当于the same,指具有相同的大小、尺寸、年龄等。 ►The two girls are of an age. 知识2 不定冠词的活用 1.不定冠词可用于某些具体化的抽象名词前。如:shame, surprise, pleasure, honour, success, help, beauty, failure 等。 ►It's a pleasure for me to work with you. ►She had been a beauty in her youth. 2.不定冠词用于序数词前表示"又一,再一"。 ►Can you give me a second apple, please? 3.不定冠词用于有形容词修饰的表示一日三餐的名词或专有名词前。 ►I had a wonderful supper yesterday. ►It is now a different China from what it was twenty years ago. 4.不定冠词可用于"take/have a+名词"结构,表示一次性的动作。如:have a rest休息,take a walk散步,have a talk with sb.与某人谈话。 ►Jack had a sound sleep last night. 3.a(n)用于某些结构时的位置 1.many/such/what a(n)+(形容词+)可数名词单数 ►Many a worker in our factory knows English.我们工厂里有很多工人懂英语。 ►I have never read such an interesting book. 我从来没读过这么有趣的书。 ►What a clever boy he is! 他是个多么聪明的男孩啊! 2.quite/rather + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数= a rather + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 ►It's quite a small house. 这是一所相当小的房子。 ►That's rather a/a rather sudden change. 那一变化相当突然。 3.so/too/as/how+形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数 ►She is so good a girl that all the people like her. 她是一个非常好的女孩,所有人都喜欢她。 4.不定冠 词 a固定搭配 as a result结果 as a rule通常 as a whole总体上 as a matter of fact事实上 at a loss不知所措 in a hurry匆忙in a word总之 in a sense在某种意义上 in a way在某种程度上 in a moment 立刻 in a short while不久 for a while暂时，一时 keep an eye on照看,留意 pay a visit to拜访 put an end to使……结束 once in a while偶尔 once upon a time从前 all of a sudden突然 a matter of ... ……的问题 a collection of 一批…… have a population of 有……人口 have a history of 有……的历史 go on a diet 节食 get a lift/ride 搭便车 make/earn a living 谋生 make an effort努力 have an influence on 对...有影响 leave an impression on给...留下深刻印象 play an important role in在...中起重要作用 考点2 定冠词the的用法 知识1 定冠词的基本用法 1.前面已提及的人或物再次被提到时,或谈话双方都知道的人或物前,一般要加定冠词the,表特指。 ►He bought a house.I've been to the house. 2.用于可数名词单数前,表示一类人或事物。 ►The rose is my favourite flower. "the+形容词(含分词形容词)"也可表示一类人或事物。 常见的有: the poor/rich 穷人/富人 the old/young 老人/年轻人 the dead/sick 死人/病人 the weak/strong 弱者/强者 the injured/unemployed 伤员/失业者 the missing/living失踪的人/活着的人 3.用于由短语或从句修饰的名词前,表特指。 ►The key to the safe is lost. ►The restaurant where I had my dinner last night is great. 4.用于指世界上独一无二的事物。 ►The earth goes around the sun. 5.用于序数词、形容词/副词最高级以及形容词only,very,same等之前。 ►Is this the first time you have visited Beijing? ►He is the tallest in his class. ►That's the very thing I've been looking for. 6.用于表示姓氏的名词复数之前,表示一家人或夫妇二人。 ►The Greens are on holiday now. 7.用于某些表示方向、方位、时间、方式等的固定短语中。 in the east/south/west/north 在东/南/西/北方 on the right/left 在右/左边 in the morning/afternoon 在早上/下午8.用于表示演奏的西方乐器前。中国乐器前一般不用冠词the。 ►She is learning to play the piano/guitar. ►My father is good at playing erhu. 特别提醒： 若不是表示演奏某种西方乐器,而只是简单提及乐器本身或者乐器前有修饰语时,表示乐器的名 词前不一定要用定冠词the。 ►There is a violin in his room. ►She is playing a borrowed violin. 9.用于表示江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉、岛屿、海湾、海峡、报纸、书籍、会议、条约、某些国家或组织等 的专有名词前或者某些由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 the Pacific Ocean太平洋 the Thames 泰晤士河 the Yellow River黄河 the Himalayas喜马拉雅山脉 the Odyssey《奥德赛》 the USA美国 the Great Wall长城 the World Cup世界杯 the World Table Tennis Championship世界乒乓球锦标赛 知识2 含有定冠词的固定搭配 make the most/best of充分利用 in the end最后 by the way顺便说一下 in the distance在远处 in the face of面对 on the whole总的来说 at the same time同时 on the other hand另一方面 to tell (you) the truth说实话 for the time being 暂时 on the spot在现场 not in the least一点也不 the other day前几天 take the place of代替 at the moment此刻 all the time一直 at the age of...在...岁时 by the way顺便问一下 at the beginning/end of...在...结束时 知识3 定冠词的特殊用法 1.用于表示世纪、年代、朝代的名词以及逢十的词前(指某个年代)。 in the 1990's 在20世纪90年代 the Qing Dynasty清朝 2.用于"动词(take/catch/pat/hit/…)+sb.+介词(by/in/on)+the+名词(身体某一部位)"结构。 【注意】名词前要用定冠词the,而不用物主代词。 ►他击中了我的头。 He hit me on the head. 3.用于表示度量单位的单数名词前。 常见的有:by the hour/day/week/month/year/dozen/yard/ton/kilo,但是size/weight/time这类名词与by连用时不 加冠词。 ►I hired the car by the hour.我按小时租了这辆车。 ►Apples are sold by weight.苹果按重量出售。 4.用于"the+比较级…, the+比较级…"(越……越……)结构。►The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make. 考点3 零冠词的用法 知识1 零冠词的基本用法 1.(第一次使用的)不可数名词前通常不用冠词。 ►Man needs air and water. 2.名词复数泛指一类人或事物时,其前不用冠词。 ►On weekends, shopping malls are always crowded with people. 3.表示街道、广场、公园、大学或某些杂志等的一些名词前,一般不用冠词。 Chang'an Street长安街 Tian'anmen Square天安门广场 Times Square 时代广场 Times《时代周刊》 Beihai Park北海公园 Tsinghua University清华大学 4.表示学科名称、球类运动、棋类游戏等的名词前不用冠词。 ►I am very interested in English. ►He is fond of playing chess. 5.表示一日三餐等的名词前一般不用冠词。但若指具体的某顿饭或三餐前有形容词修饰时要用冠词。 .have breakfast/lunch/supper吃早饭/午饭/晚饭 have a wonderful supper 吃一顿丰盛的晚餐 ►The breakfast was well cooked.这顿早饭做得不错。 6.表示季节、月份、星期、节假日等的名词前往往不用冠词。 ►Now it is truly autumn. 现在真的是秋天了。 in September 在九月 on Monday 在周一 on Children's day 在儿童节 7.在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。 by bike/car/ship/plane/air/train 特别提醒 1.若特指某一段时间或特定的时间概念,则用定冠词the;若表示"某一个(种/……)"这类概念时,季节名词前要 用不定冠词。 ►The spring of 2008 was a terrible spring. 2."in (the)+表示四季的名词"结构中, the可以带上,也可以省略。 in (the) spring 在春季 7.名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, each, no, any等指示代词、物主代词或不定代词时不用冠词。 ►My pen is much more expensive than yours. 8.表示独一无二的职位、头衔的名词作表语、同位语或补语时,其前不用冠词。 ►Mr. Brown, head of the group, will plan the whole trip. 知识2 含有零冠词的固定搭配 at present 目前 take part in 参加 in peace 和平地 by chance/accident 偶然 on purpose 故意 on second thought(s) 再一想 ahead of time 提前 in advance 事先 by law 根据法律 by mistake 错误地under repair 处于维修中 lose heart 灰心 out of control失控 out of work 失业 in danger 处于危险之中 at risk 有危险 day and night 夜以继日 from morning till night 从早到晚 at daybreak/dawn/noon/dusk/night/midnight 在拂晓/黎明/正午/黄昏/夜晚/午夜 知识3 零冠词的特殊用法 1.turn(变成)后的可数名词单数作表语时,其前不用冠词。但名词前若有形容词修饰,则要加冠词。 ►His brother has turned writer. ►Later she turned a successful singer. 2."表示类型的名词+of+可数名词单数"这一结构中,可数名词单数前不用冠词。 ►This kind of question often appears in the exam. 3.与by连用的表示交通工具和通讯工具的名词之前不用冠词。 ►It's quicker by plane than by ship. ►I sent the letter by airmail. 真题训练: 1.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷·63 ) The meat should be fresh with ____63____ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious. 2.(2023 年新高考Ⅱ卷·59)Not the pandas, even though ___59___ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. 3. (2022年新高考Ⅰ卷·57) Covering an area about three times ______ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 4. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷·57) _____ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. 5. (2021年新高考Ⅰ卷·65) While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is _____ must to visit! 6. (2021年全国甲卷·48) It took us about 3 hours to go all _____ way around the Xi’an City Wall. 7. (2021 年全国乙卷·65) Due to _____ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism. 8. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·70) The plum trees are ____ first to flower even as the snow is melting (融化). 9. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷·69) When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was _____ joke. 10.(2018年全国Ⅱ卷·62) Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _____ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. 11. (2018年全国Ⅲ卷·62) Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at _____ top of her lungs. 12. (2017全国Ⅰ卷·65) As _______result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.13. (2016 全国Ⅰ卷·70) I help a…twin…The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, ____ other is with mum—she never suspects. 14.(2015年全国Ⅱ卷·62) The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ____ most modern architects and engineers. 思路点拨: 纯空格设在没有限定词的名词前，特别是单数可数名词前，通常填冠词，根据语境及定冠词与不定冠 词的基本用法选用恰当的冠词。(注：限定词主要是指冠词、形容词性物主代词)此外，也有可能要求考生 填some, any, other, another等不定代词，还有可能考固定搭配。 考点归纳: 定冠词(the)的主要用法 不定冠词(a, an)的主要用法 1 表示特指，相当于this， these， tha 表示泛指的“一个/本/支/座/……” t， those 2 谈话双方都知道的人或事 表示“任一”：A desk has four legs. 桌子有四条腿。 3 序数词或最高级前: the first time第一次 表示数量“一”：He has been here for a year. 他在这一年 了。 4 世界上独一无二的事物名词前: the earth 表示“每一”： twice a week一周两次 地球 5 西洋乐器名称前: play the piano弹钢琴 表示“又/再一”：He’ll have to do it a second time.他得 再做一次。 6 由普通名词构成的专有名词前: the West 表示“同一”：Tom and Kate are of an age. 汤姆和凯特 Lake西湖 同龄。 7 用于姓氏复数名词前：the Smiths史密 表示“某一”： a Mr Brown 有一位叫布朗的先生 斯一家人 8 表示“几十年代”：in the thirties在30 用于动作名词前：have a wash洗一洗 年代 9 用于某些形容词前表示一类人：the rich 使抽象名词具体化：a success一位成功的人/一件成功的 富人 事 10 在“打、抓、拍”的身体部位前: hit him 表示“一杯”(tea, coffee前)：a coffee一杯咖啡 in the face打他的脸 11 用于度量单位前：He is paid by the hour. 与most连用表示“非常”：a most interesting film一部 按小时付他工资。 非常有趣的电影 12 用于某些固定词组或短语中：by the way 用于某些固定词组或短语中：as a result结果; 顺便说说; all the time一直; in the long ru n终于，最后，从长远看 as a matter of fact事实上; all of a sudden突然 考点练透: 1. You can also get up and read, but be sure to choose ___ book that is not too difficult. 2. I often listen to Mozart or Bach in the evening after ____ hard day at work.3. He took ____ deep breath as he opened the exam paper handed to him. 4. The students returned to school with ___ sense of achievement, a feeling that they helped people in need. 5. There once lived a boy named Woo Sing, whose father brought home a mirror. Woo Sing had never seen one before so when he saw it for _____ first time, he didn’t understand what it was… 6.“Could you give me ___ hand, Mr. Grasshopper?” asked the ant. 7. Experts hope ______ whole society pays more attention to the mental health of adolescents. 8. Others think differently. First, the cellphone is not ___ must in school, as there are some IC phones there… 9. The policy was later relaxed. Parents who were both only children in their family could have ____ second child. 10. When ____ International Olympic Committee chose Rio de Janeiro, cheering people flooded the city’s streets. 11. So bright was _____ moon that the flowers were bright as by day. 12. This is _____ third time that I’ve read the book. 13.Alexander Graham Bell invented _____ telephone in 1876. 14. Alice likes playing ______violin while Henry is interested in listening to music. 15. Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by _____ hour. 16. The higher we go above the earth, ______rarer the air is. 17. I’m sure that zero-emission vehicles may take ____ place of today’s cars in the near future. 18. It’s no trouble at all; on ______contrary, it will be a great pleasure to help you. 19. She planned to go to France to study French, but that is out of _____ question now. 20. When I was walking down the street _____ other day, I happened to find a small wallet lying there. 21. All my life I have tried to be ____ honest man. 22. The mobile phone is becoming ____ useful tool for us to communicate with others. 23. The ticket agent asked me whether I wanted ___ one-way or round-trip ticket. 24. ____ triangle has three sides. 25. The Internet is playing ____ more and more important part in our daily life. 26. A little knowledge can make ___ difference at a time of life or death. 27. Wealth is important, but as _____ matter of fact, I think, it is health that counts. 28. He has gone through many ____ severe test during his lifetime. 29. All of _____ sudden we heard a loud explosion that shook the building. 30. The sun rises in _____ east and sets in the west.31.Over 100 panda fans sang Happy Birthday and enjoyed cake as they celebrated _____38th birthday of Xin Xing. 32. Today, the Long March for us is to achieve the "Two Centenary Goals" as well as_____Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation(复兴). 33.The author shows the extreme struggle of the characters in_____face of hardships, and describes the truth, the good and the beauty in human nature. 34.Confucius（孔子）was________extraordinary educator and philosopher, and founded Confucianism. 35._________splendid Hangzhou is waiting to see you in 2022.