文档内容
专题 21 短文改错解题技巧
学
口诀知技巧
短文改错口诀
动词形，名词数，
还要注意形和副；
非谓语，细辨别，习惯用法要记住；
句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注；冠词连词常光顾。
口诀详解：
一、动词形：
即动词的形式，主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。动词形常见错误
有：
1） 一般过去时与一般 现在时错用。
2）第三人称单数形式错用。 第三人称单数：Is/was
2） and，but,or,also 前后动词时态不一致。(具有对称性）
4） 主谓不一致。
5） 缺少谓语动词 1.主谓宾结构
缺少be动词2、主系表结构（am/is/are/was/were）
6） 主动语态与被动语态错用 wash-is washed
7）Used to 的运用错误
例如： My favorite sport are football. (is)
Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)
二、名词数：
指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。
解题方法：
１）根据名词前的修饰限定成份．
２）根据上下文的逻辑关系．
例如：
…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)
三、还要注意形和副
注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。
命题特点：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。解题方法
1) 根据adj或adv的基本用法确定错误；
2) 修饰系动词(am/is/are/was/were)或名词用形容词；修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。
例如：I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)
四、非谓语，细辨别
这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词，动名词和不定式错误。
命题特点及解题方法：1）不定式to do;
2）动名词doing作主语、宾语;
3）and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时）;
4）现在分词和过去分词的区别等
例如：…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … (playing)
My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… (to)
五、习惯用法要记住
主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。
例如：
It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… (of)
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)
六、句子成分多分析：不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构
和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。
例如：
They ∧eager to know everything about China and… (were)
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)
七、逻辑错误须关注：与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如上下文数的一致；或
者代词的张冠李戴。
例如：
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)
… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set. Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)
七、冠词连词常光顾
常考的错误形式有：连词but， and， or和so的用法错误，以及冠词的用法错误等。四不改:
①标点符号不改。
②大小写不改。
③词序错误不改（不是不改，而是按错词或少词来改)。
④在纲外生词不改。文中出现带汉语注释的词，在句中不可能用错
短文改错具体考点详解
考点1.名词
命题特点:本来用复数,却用单数.
解题方法:
(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份;
(2)根据上下文的逻辑关系.
【典例 】1.She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.
2. After class we become stranger at once.
3. They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I’ll get marks in all my subject.
4. On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.
5. There are advantage for students to work while studying at school.
6. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.
7. I looked at his other hands.
考点2.代词
命题特点：
1）女性代词指代男性或相反；
2）单数指代复数；
3）代词词性误用。
解题方法：联系上下文的逻辑关系。
代词的错误特点：
1）人称代词的偷换错误；
2）缺少人称代词的错误；
3）人称代词数的一致问题；
4）人称代词格的一致问题。
【典例 】8.The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.
9.I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei.10.It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited. 11.Soon I
began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as Iwas learning to express me in simple English .
12.One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher .
13.Some students may also save up for our college or future use .
14.I took it in me and we walked.
考点3.介词
命题特点：介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从以下方面确定错误：
解题方法：
1）介词的基本用法；
2）习惯搭配；
3）动词词类确定错误，如talk,, serve, wait等。
介词的错误：介词短语常常考，固定搭配要记牢。介词后边跟宾语，结合语境细推敲。
【典例 】
15.We do not seem to get much time to talk about together.
16.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.
17.The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.
18.We’ll talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner.
19.I am writing to thank you with your kind help.
20.He was looking for a glass the cupboard.
21.Each these lines stands for a trouble in my life.
考点4时态
命题特点：现在时与过去时的误用，句中一般没有时间状语。每年都考。
解题方法：要注意联系上下文，着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个句子用现在时。其
中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。
典例：
22.They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that---
23.The time passes quickly. Evening came.
24.She liked it very much and reads it to the class.
25.I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me.Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class.
26.I will write again and send you the photos we take together.
27.We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel ago.考点5.and\but\or误用及前后不一致
命题特点：主要考查and、or、but、so等并列连词的误用。
解题方法；1）根据句意确定误；2）根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误。
【典例 】28. She is smiling at me but nodding at me.
29.It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.
30.The food was expensive and the service was good.
31.I came into the living room and saw one of them jus tgo through the kitchen door but turn on the light.
32.We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.
33.She liked it very much and reads it to the class.
考点6.从句连词
命题特点：句子结构方面的错误主要涉及句子成份和复合句的关联词等。
解题方法：这类题从以下方面来思考：
1）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；
2）复合句中从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。
平行结构常使用等立连词and,but, or或连词词组not only…but also…, either…or…,neither…nor…遵循就近原
则。
主语+With,together with,as well as,besides，动词与主语一致
and，but,or,also 前后动词时态不一致。(具有对称性）
【典例 】34.It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.
35.I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me.
36.The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate everything into English.
37.What things are in other homes, I wonder.
38.Earning their own money allows them to spend on anything as if they please.
39.They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.
考点7.冠词
命题特点：
1）不定冠词a和an互改；
2）不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；
3）根据需要增删冠词。
【典例 】40.As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.
41.We may be one family and live under a same roof, but---42.On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to doover a weekend.
43.I hope you’ve had pleasant journey home
考点8.形容词和副词
命题特点：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。
解题方法：1）根据adj.或adv.的基本用法确定错误；
2）修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；
3）修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。
【典例 】44.I would describe myself as shy and quietly.
45.There have been reports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes.
46.Finding information on the Net is easily.
47.So what I learned from the job was much more important as what I earned.
48.My pronunciation was terribly .
49.They came back lately and had some tea.
考点9.非谓语动词
命题特点及改正方法：
1）谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用；
2）动词不定式和动名词的错用；
3）现在分词和过去分词的错用等。
【典例 】50.Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything as they please.
51.My parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.
52.Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English.
53.We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.
54.Some students may also to save up for our college or future use.
考点练透
【真题再现】
Passage 01（2022年甲卷）
My father often took me to his hospital when I was off my school. He showed me how his medical instruments
was used. I felt so closely to him. However, after I went to high school, somehow I become distant from him. I was
unwilling talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not stay out with my friends too late. The disagreement was
too sharp that neither he nor I knew what to settle it. One day, he talked with me or hoped to mend our relations.With the efforts made by all sides, we began to understand each other better.
Passage 02（2022年乙卷）
We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise. A doctor tells me people who lives the longest are dancers and
cyclists. Maybe it is because the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise. Whether you ride a
bicycle, you don't use petrol. So they are not producing carbon dioxide and not cause air pollution. Just see how
cars have been taken over our cities. They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger. And there
were traffic jams, too. Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle.
【模拟过关】
Passage 1（2022·山西省长治市第二中学校模拟预测短文改错）
There are many people who wants to protect the environment but don’t know that should be done. Here are a
few tips that can help you lighten the burden on the heavily polluting earth.
Don’t leave any electrical appliance (电器) on careless if you are not using it. It can contributed to saving
energy. In addition, recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow us to. Finally and the
most importantly, be an educator. Talk with both your family and friends about global warming or let them be
aware the importance of protecting the environment. Please remember that everyone contribution counts when it
comes to creating a greener world.
Passage 2．（2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·二模）
The history of painting in China is long or full of masterpieces from different ages when have their own
unique styles.
Truly artistic paintings other than calligraphy (书法) came into exist during the Qin Dynasty and matured in
the Wei and Jin periods. It were in the Tang Dynasty that it developed more quicklier than any other previous
period. An art continued to advance during the Song and Yuan Dynasties with an increased focus such subjects as
mountains and animals. Traditional painting techniques lasted until the end of the Qing Dynasty, when modern
painting techniques started off to challenge the traditional one. Although modern paintings had been heavily
influenced by the West, they still value traditional painting techniques.
Passage 3．（2022·内蒙古·乌兰浩特一中三模）
Popularity is a state of being liked, enjoyed or supported by others. Natural, we all desire to win popularity in
one way or another. To enjoy popularity, we are supposed to regard the class as our big family and try our best to
take active part in all our class activities. We should be responsible for the work and keep team spirit on mind.To be a popular student, we must show our respect, concern and sympathy for other. As a result, we never
hesitated to lend a hand to those in need. We ought to be strict with ourselves in everything we do it at school and
make an effort to achieve all-round developments, be good not only at our lessons but also at sports, music,
painting, social services and so on. In time of success we remain modest, when in time of difficulty we keep strong-
minded.
All in all, being a popular student among the classmates and teachers come to those who can overcome their
shortcomings but keep improving their personal qualities.
Passage 4．（2022·河南安阳·模拟预测）
When my brother and I were little, my father teach us a lesson about teamwork. Each of us was made carry
half of the other’s lunch to school. His brother would always say his bag was much heavy than mine. No matter
how I did to help him, he was never satisfying. Then, my father put our lunch in a basket and tied the basket in the
middle of a stick. This way, each of us could be hold one end of the stick to carry our food with little difficult.
Through this, my brother and I quick learned how much easier a job can be when two people work together.
Passage 5．（2022·安徽·合肥市第八中学模拟预测）
In the morning of 15th, August, about five hundreds teachers and students took part in the annual sports
meeting on the playground. The opening ceremony began with the national anthem (国歌) but then an inspired
speech was given by the headmaster. When it was over, audience was amazed at the events, like the long-distance
running and the relay race. Between the sportsmen, Jack and Henry, who are from Africa, stood out due to his
speed. The sports meeting was lasted two days. When interviewing, Alan, a foreign teacher, said, “This is the most
exciting sports meeting I have never seen!”
Passage 6．（2022·四川·射洪中学模拟预测）
I started playing the piano at the age of six. However, when I go to high school I had to leave my family, my
home but my piano behind. I missed playing the piano very so much that I spent all the money I got for my
eighteen birthday on a brand new guitar. It was portable. I was able to play it whenever I went. When I was tiring,
playing music relaxed me. It was perfect way to cheer you up when I was feeling down. I also made some good
friend by joining a band. In a word, I benefited great from playing musical instruments.
Passage 7．（2022·河南·模拟预测）
Last year, I went to the British high school as an exchange student. In fact, the classes in the UK are different
from that in China. I found maths quite easily there because the maths teach materials are less advanced in the UK.
However, learning in English was a great challenge for me. I couldn’t fully contribute the class discussion.Fortunate, my teachers and classmates were helpful, from which gave me much encouragement. After schools, I
joined several clubs. The one that attract me most was the Rugby Club when I was there. Now, I’m glad to having
the experience.
Passage 8．（2022·黑龙江·哈师大附中模拟预测）
To enrich students school life and help us learn more about space exploration, our school organized a visit to
the City Museum on the other day.
At the beginning, some pictures and videos about space exploration were shown to them. By watching them,
we learned a lot about many great achievement that had been made in our country. The astronauts’ devotion to the
space exploration of our country leaves a deep impression on us. Afterwards, we experienced a life and work of
astronauts, like how they do in our space station. All the teachers and students were very excited, try and touching
everything.
Such a great success the activity that it was highly spoken of. Hopeful, there will be even more activities like
this.
Passage 9．（2022·山西·太原五中二模）
One morning, a father drove his two sons to school. On the way, the boys sat on the back seat, continually
argue with each other about something. Finally, it became so heated that all boys grew annoyed. Quite
disappointing, the father tried to calm them while driving. But it was uselessly. Soon, boys angrily kicked each
other, making the father fail to focus on driving. He then turned back to stop from his sons. Just then, the car lost
control but almost hit one of the vehicle coming in another direction. Since that day, the boys had never fought in
the car, fearing affecting his father’s driving.
Passage 10（2022·山西省长治市第二中学校模拟预测）
There are many people who wants to protect the environment but don’t know that should be done. Here are a
few tips that can help you lighten the burden on the heavily polluting earth.
Don’t leave any electrical appliance (电器) on careless if you are not using it. It can contributed to saving
energy. In addition, recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow us to. Finally and the
most importantly, be an educator. Talk with both your family and friends about global warming or let them be
aware the importance of protecting the environment. Please remember that everyone contribution counts when it
comes to creating a greener world.
Passage 11．（2022·四川成都·一模）
As is known to all, build good relationships with others is critical in our society. When it comes about personalrelationships, I’d natural think of my relationship with my mother. She often told me that I can be anyone I want, as
long as I’m confident of myself. She sees my talent and pushes me to do the best I possibly can. I respect for my
mother so much for she treats me as an equal instead of child. She gives me the free to make mistakes and to learn
from it. Unlike friendships that can fade and break, I know I’ll always be connected to my mother what I face.
Passage 12．（2022·江西·临川一中模拟预测）
I would like to talk about my favorite sport, running. I only take it up a few months ago thanks to my
colleagues whom are professional runners. I spend more than two hours run every afternoon. There are several
reasons why I am fond this sport. First, it is the pretty cheap and easy sport to try. All I need is a pair of running
shoes. Second, this is a sport that can bring us some new friends. Third, since I started this sport I have hardly
caught any more common health issue like fever, flu, or cold. What’s more, I can show higher productivity than
before and work for longer hours without feeling tiring. All in all, I recommend that everyone tries this sport.
