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专题 15 阅读理解之细节理解题与推理判断题解题技巧
学
细节理解题解题技巧
一．
细节理解题题型特点
(一) 细节理解题常见设问方式
1．特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词引出的问题。
2．判断是非形式。含有TRUE/FALSE, NOT true或EXCEPT等的判断是非的问题。此时要注意题干中
是否含有否定词，如not, never等。
3．以“According to ...”开头的提问形式。
4．填空形式。如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from ________.
(二)细节理解题正确选项特征
指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lose one's job换成了be out of
同义替换 work。有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important变换成of
importance；改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换。
信息归纳 用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案。
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项。
(三)细节理解题干扰选项特征
张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。
无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容。
曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。
颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。
正误参半 部分正确，部分错误。
直接信息题
考生可以采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”的方法，通过定位找题眼。先从题干中提取
关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、
语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在
准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。解题流程如下：
第一步：依据题干信息，择定位关键词
细节理解直接信息题一般是对文章局部内容的考查,且题目相对简单,所以,不必通篇细读全文,可先通过
题干信息来选择定位关键词。关键词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词,即问题的核心信息
第二步：依据关键词,回原文定位信息进行比对
确定了定位关键词后,运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题于有关的关键词,回到原文进行信
息定位,然后将选项内容与原文信息比对,得出正确答案。例子1
…
（2021全国乙卷·A）
The Biggest Stadiums in the World
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. In around 8 A.Q., the
Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world's best known stadium are continues to inform
contemporary design. Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people.
However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around
250,000 people.
These days, safety regulations-not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a
comfortable seat-tend to keep stadium capacities（容量）slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend to have a
seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far,
which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium
websites.
All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
•Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang, D.P.R-Korea. Capacity. 150,000. Opened. May 1,1989.
•Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S. Capacity: 107,601. Opened. October 1, 1927.
•Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U.S. Capacity: 106,572. Opened: September 17, 1960.
•Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U.S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened: October 7, 1922.
•Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U.S. Capacity: 102,512. Opened: September 24,1927.
21. How many people could the Circus Maximus hold?
A.104,944. B. 107,601. C. About 150,000. D. About 250,000.
22. Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest?
A. Michigan Stadium.
B. Beaver Stadium.
C. Ohio Stadium.
D. Kyle Field.
[解题示范]
第一步：定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键词：Circus Maximus ，hold
定位：用Circus Maximus ，hold寻读，在文中找到信息源—— However, that
锁信息 was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated
around 250,000 people.
第二步：比对定答案
选项 选项意思 定位A 104,944。 曲解文意
B 107,601。 曲解文意
C 大约About 150,000。
原词再现
D 大约250,000。
[分析] 选D 比对选项和信息句可知，根据第一段最后一句信息“……the city’s Circus
Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people”可知 Circus Maximus最多容纳250,000
人。选项和原文中均出现250,000，故为直接细节理解题。故选D。
间接信息题
相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。此类题目需要考生
将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，有时还需要进一步的加工或整理。
例子2…
Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries
contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly
high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids
we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares?
However, they are rich in vitamin C.
…
24．What does the author seem to like about cherries?
A．They contain protein.
B．They are high in vitamin A.
C．They have a pleasant taste.
D．They are rich in antioxidants.
[解题示范]
第一步：定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键词：cherries
定位：用cherries寻读，在文中找到信息源——As for cherries (樱桃), they are so
锁信息
delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.
第二步：比对定答案
选项 选项意思 定位
A 它们含有蛋白质。 张冠李戴
B 它们富含维生素A。 张冠李戴
C 它们口感好。 同义替换
D 它们含有丰富的抗氧化物质。 张冠李戴
[分析] 选C 根据该段最后一句“As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they
are rich in vitamin C．”可知，原文中的they are so delicious被替换成选项中的They have a pleasanttaste，为间接细节理解题。故选C。
概括、归纳信息题
是指命题人用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，这是命题人设计细节理解题的正确选
项时经常使用的手段之一。考生首先应依据题干指向，找到文中相应的信息区间，然后尝试用自己的语言
去归纳总结文中的信息或事实，然后再看选项，挑选出和自己所归纳总结的信息最接近的选项作为正确答
案。
例子3…
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The
general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones
have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa
2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The
median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by
fewer people than that.
…
30．How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?
A．About 6,800. B．About 3,400.
C．About 2,400. D．About 1,200.
[解题示范]
第一步：定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键词：6,000
定位：用6,000寻读，在文中找到信息源——The median number (中位数) of
锁信息 speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken
by fewer people than that.
第二步：比对定答案
选项 选项意思 原文意思 定位
A 大约6 800种。 6 800为现在世界现存语言数量。 张冠李戴
B 大约3 400种。 世界语言总量的一半即为3 400。 信息归纳
C 大约2 400种。 2 400为非洲语言数量。 张冠李戴
数字1 200在原文中没有出现，也无法
D 大约1 200种。 无中生有
做出有效归纳。
[分析] 选B 根据本段第一句“At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.”可知，目前世界上
有大约6 800种语言；再根据最后一句“The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000,
which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.”可知，目前世界上一
半的语言的使用人数少于6 000，也就是说有大约3 400种语言的使用人数少于6 000。根据以上数
据的归纳概括可知B项为正确选项。正误判断题
是细节理解题中解题比较繁琐的题目，说其繁琐，因为其信息不像其他类题目那样集中在文章的某一
句或某一段，而是分散在文章的各个角落。对于这类题目，考生要静下心来，看清范围，确定方向，找到
每一个选项的对应信息后，谨慎排除，综合选优。
例子4
Food festivals around the world
Stilton Cheese Rolling
May Day is a traditional day for celebrations, but the 2,000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only
people in the world who include cheese rolling in their annual plans. Teams of four, dressed in a variety of strange
and funny clothes, roll a complete cheese along a 50metre course. On the way, they must not kick or throw their
cheese, or go into their competitors' lane (赛道)．Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton
cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden
ones). All the competitors are served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese.
Fiery Foods Festival — The Hottest Festival on Earth
Every year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. They come from as far
away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a common addiction — food that is not just spicy (辛
辣), but hot enough to make your mouth burn, your head spin and your eyes water. Their destination is the Fiery
Food and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three days every March. You might like to try a chocolate-
covered habanero pepper — officially the hottest pepper in the world — or any one of the thousands of products
that are on show. But one thing's for sure — if you don't like the feeling of a burning tongue, this festival isn't for
you!
La Tomatina — The World's Biggest Food Fight
On the last Wednesday of every August, the Spanish town of Buñol hosts La Tomatina — the world's largest
food fight. A weeklong celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week's events. The
early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes — official fightstarters get things going by casting
tomatoes at the crowd.
…
59．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine.
B．More than 10,000 Chinese take part in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.
C．Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.
D．An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina.
[解题示范]
第一步：定信息区间
选项 选项关键词 信息区间A The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition 第一段第四句
B More than 10,000 Chinese 第二段第一、二句
C Thousands of spicy foods are on show 第二段倒数第二句
D An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning 第三段第二句
第二步：逐一比对定答案
选项 选项意思 原文意思 定位
Stilton滚动奶酪比赛的主要奖品是
A 奖品是a complete Stilton cheese。 张冠李戴
啤酒或波尔图葡萄酒。
一万多名中国人参加Fiery Food and
B 参加者来自世界各地。 曲解文意
BBQ Festival。
在Fiery Food and BBQ Festival上，
C 展出了成千上万种食物。 同义替换
成千上万种辛辣食物被展出。
在La Tomatina节日的开始，会举
“西红柿大战”发生在节日结
D 行一场激动人心的“西红柿大 曲解文意
尾，而不是节日的开始。
战”。
[答案] C
学
推理判断题解题技巧
二、
推理判断3题型
(一)细节推理判断题
细节推理判断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件
等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在联系，
理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。注意题干中常用的六个动词：infer (推断), indicate (象征，
暗示), imply (暗示), suggest (暗示), conclude (得出结论)和assume (假定，设想)。
该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：
It can be inferred from the text that ________.
Compared with other similar products, the new design ________.
It can be concluded from the passage that ________.
The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that ________.
(二)观点、态度推理判断题
1．文章的观点或结论推理判断题
此类试题问的不一定是全文的中心思想或作者的全文观点，可能只是文章中的某一观点。但要推测文
中某一观点，仍离不开对全文中心思想的把握，因为它们在语义上是紧密相连的，次要的观点是支撑说明
全文主要论点的。所以了解全文的主要观点或中心思想对正确解答此类试题至关重要。
该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：
·What is the author’s opinion on ...?
·What does the author think about ...?·From the passage we can conclude that ________.
2．作者态度、语气推理判断题
此类试题往往通过作者在文章里的措词、感情色彩表现出来，并常常用一些词汇进行表述。如：褒义
词 useful, interesting, admiring, positive 等；贬义词 disappointed, critical, negative 等；中性词 indifferent,
humorous, neutral等。因此考生必须透过字里行间察其端倪，以此作为前提进行推理。
该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：
·The attitude of the author towards somebody/something is ________.
·The author’s attitude towards ...can be best described as ________.
·The tone of this passage is best described as ________.
(三)写作意图推理判断题
写作意图推理判断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作
者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这类题
型不但要求考生能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。
该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：
The main purpose of this text is ________.
What’s the author’s purpose in writing this article?
It can be concluded that the passage is mainly written for ________.
The author writes this passage to ________.
The author in this passage intends to ________.
典例1
We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and
new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That's bad
news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the
newer ones that do the same things.
…
32．What does the author think of new devices?
A．They are environmentfriendly.
B．They are no better than the old.
C．They cost more to use at home.
D．They go out of style quickly.
[解题示范]
What does the author think of：作者态度
题干信息
new devices：新设备
文体特点 科技说明文：一项研究新旧设备耗能的报告。
原文查找 That's bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices
consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
信息整合 ①做同样的事情旧设备耗能高(consume much more energy)②旧设备不利于环境保护(bad news for the environment)
③旧设备更浪费钱财(our wallets)
信息推断 上面旧设备的缺点是在和新设备相比较(than the newer ones)得出的结论，故新设
备可以克服以上缺点。
选项分析 A．新设备是环保的(They are environmentfriendly)；属于正确信息推断。
B．新设备并不比旧设备好(They are no better than the old)；属于“无中生有”型
错误。
C．新设备在家中使用的费用更高(They cost more to use at home)；属于“无中生
有”型错误。
D．新设备很快就过时了(They go out of style quickly)；属于“曲解文意”型错
误。
得出结论 由以上信息分析可知，A项正确。
深层推断5注意
(1)严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推断，切忌掺杂自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章
的内涵。
(2)有些选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复，而非推断出来的结论。
(3)注意文中的虚拟语气和情态动词，这些往往能流露出作者的弦外之音。
(4)有时作者只是客观地叙述事实，并未做评论，考生阅读时如果主观地进行推断就容易出错。如文中
提到一样东西贵，并不意味着就买不起。
(5)某些细节看似在原文中出现过，但与原文不符，或断章取义，或因果倒置等。
典例2
We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us,
deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
…
32．What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?
A．Addiction to smartphones.
B．Inappropriate behaviours in public places.
C．Absence of communication between strangers.
D．Impatience with slow service.
[解题示范]
细研题干定题型 由题干可知本题是对文章局部(第一段)进行深层理解的考查。
地点 公共场合：①电梯中；②在银行排队中；③飞机上
细读语段明大意
人物 ①专注地盯着自己的手机；②苦苦挣扎于令人不自在的沉默中
甄别选项定答案 细研干扰项 A项为原文中的事实，不是推断出的内容。B项，文中提及的这些行为是否“合适”原文中没有提及，属
于“无中生有”型错误。
D项在原文中没有提及，属于“无中生有”型错误。
该段提到在公共场合中，周围都是人的情况下，人们只是专注
断定 地盯着自己的手机，或者苦苦挣扎于令人不自在的沉默中，从
答案 中可以推断出文章首段描述了陌生人之间缺少交流的现象。故
选择C项。
此题型常常是考查作者对某个事件的态度和想法，这种题型一定要关注作者叙述时的口吻。①有时作
者描述自己某种并不愉快但又搞笑的经历来娱乐读者，是一种自嘲；②有时作者以貌似调侃的口吻描述对
某种社会现象进行抨击；③有时作者描述某个或几个事件表达自己的情感，可能是不满、讽刺或感激等。
这种题型，解题的关键都是要把握文章主旨，正确选项一定是与文章主旨紧密相关的。
典例3
[1]Many of us love July because it's the month when nature's berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These
colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia's fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.
[2]Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries
contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly
high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids
we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares?
However, they are rich in vitamin C.
[3]When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick,
cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much
sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh
lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on
their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.
[4]If you have a_juicer,_you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a
“softserve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children's party; they love
feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
27．From which is the text probably taken?
A．A biology textbook. B．A health magazine.
C．A research paper. D．A travel brochure.
[解题示范]
细研题干定题型 文章出处题。
本文介绍了丰收的七月给我们带来的多种浆果和核果，并告诉我们这些果实富含
文章内容
的营养成分和可以制作成各种美食。
第一段介绍了七月是水果丰富的季节；第二段介绍了各种莓类所含的营养成分；
文章语气
第三、四段介绍各种水果搭配的食用方法。在这一过程中作者使用了客观的语气，通俗易懂的方法，形象地说明了水果搭配的技巧。
确定答案 本文是向大众介绍饮食方法，跟健康有关，应该出自健康杂志。所以B项正确。
典例 4
[1] I began reading words when I was eight months old. By the time I was two, I had read Charlotte's Web.
My parents thought it was odd, but because I didn't have any siblings for them to compare me with, they didn't
realize just how odd.
[2] At preschool in Northport, New York, I quickly overtook everyone. At seven, I was going into high school
for my classes but still doing all my social activities with kids my age. But when I was nine, the public school
administration said that I had to go to high school fulltime with 16yearolds. I didn't want to, because some kids
there were always teasing me. It was pretty horrible when they called me a knowitall and tried to grab my
homework.
[3] My parents tried to find me another school but, in the end, because I was so advanced, the only place that
was on the same level as me was State University of New York at Stony Brook.
[4] The admissions people said that if I thought I could manage I could have a place, as long as my mother
accompanied me to classes.
[5] So, aged 10, I started an undergraduate degree in applied mathematics. I was frightened on my first day,
but I was also excited that I was going to attend my first real physics class. Most of the teachers were nice but one
or two didn't like me. One professor said that just because I did as well as the other male students, it didn't mean I
was as good as them. But the students were supportive and my parents always made sure that I had a group of
friends of my own age; they didn't want me to be a social misfit.
[6] I graduated summa cum laude (with the highest honor) when I was 14 — the youngest student ever to do
so in the US.
[7] I was a perfectionist; I don't think I would have settled for less than that. I went on to Drexel University
and, at 17, I was awarded a Master's and continued to study for a PhD.
[8] But_that_was_when_I_grew_disillusioned_with_the_science_world. I saw bad conduct and realised that
some professors weren't motivated by a love of science. I fell out with the adviser who was supervising my PhD. I
charged Drexel University in a civil lawsuit and the case has now gone into private, binding arbitration (仲裁)．
[9] I believe my adviser applied for grants and patents using my ideas, and took credit for them. He denies this
and has accused me of stealing his work. Even though the university has cleared me of plagiarism (剽窃) it has still
refused to award me my PhD.
[10] At the time I was fully expecting to receive my PhD, I applied for a post teaching advanced technology
fusion at Konkuk University in Seoul. When I was appointed, I was just under 19, so I made it into Guinness World
Records.
[11] In South Korea, I was treated as a minor celebrity. People stared at me wherever I went on campus, and I
was asked to give inspirational talks to teenagers. But I didn't renew my contract: I'd had a great year, but I wanted
to come home.
[12] I still don't have my PhD and I am angry and disappointed about that. I worked so hard all my life and my
research ended up going nowhere.[13] There's always hope, but the experience at Drexel has derailed me. If a university gave me a place to
complete my studies, I would take it. But I am someone who is suing her former university, so a lot of colleges are
afraid to touch me.
[14] For now, I'm enrolled in law school and training to be a lawyer. I want to combine legal and science
knowledge so that I can protect people's research rights.
[15] It's strange being back at school: I'm 21 years old and for the first time in my life, I'm the same age as the
other students.
1．The underlined sentence “But that was when I grew disillusioned with the science world.” suggests that the
author ________.
A．felt disappointed with what some scientists do
B．grew old enough to be a scientist
C．was treated as a real scientist
D．became motivated by a love of science
[解题示范]
细研题干定题型 由题干可知，该题属于第一种题型，类似词义猜测题。
通读全文定基调
读画线部分的上下文，尤其是下文中“I saw bad conduct ...binding arbitration (仲
细读出处推答案 裁)．”提到她发现学校里不好的做法，意识到有些教授不是出于对科学的热爱，
所以感到失望，故选A项。
2．How does the writer feel when she was writing this passage?
A．Proud and frustrated.
B．Excited and angry.
C．Calm and satisfied.
D．Excited and disappointed.
[解题示范]
由题干可知，该题属于第二种题型，需要通过作者的描述和措词来推断作者态
细研题干定题型
度。
1.关注几个年龄段
关注细节
2.关注第六段“highest”和“youngest”→再次凸显自豪之情
3.关注第八段中作者的挫折→开始失望4.关注第十二段中作者因未拿到博士学位而“angry”和“disappointed”→遭遇不
顺利
5.关注第十五段用词，“21岁”又和“同龄人”一起学法律→无奈→挫败感
由以上可看出作者在字里行间对自己天赋的一种肯定和自豪，同时也有着一连串
确定答案
的挫折和无奈，故选A项。
解题关键
这类题目常以文章出处为命题方式，要求通过阅读文章内容来推断文章的写作背景。理解文章的写作
目的、作者的措辞、语气和文章所涉及的具体内容等是这类题的解题关键。以环保类文章为例：
(1)如果作者的目的是呼吁人们保护环境，措词比较主观，而语气以激励吸引为主，这样的文章往往会
出现在报纸上，也许会是某个环保活动的广告；
(2)如果是为了说明某个方面存在的问题，措辞比较严谨客观，语调较严肃，那么文章很可能出现在比
较正式的媒体上，很可能出现在关于社会问题的版块上；
(3)如果是为了告诉读者有关新发现，在文中提到了调查研究及其结果，则文章很可能出现在报纸或杂
志的科学发现版块上。
[注意] 一定要关注文章的措词、语气和写作目的，仅关注文章大意是不够的。
考点练透
【真题再现】
Passage 01（2022年甲卷A篇）
Theatres and Entertainment
St David’s Hall
St David’s Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very heart of Cardiff’s
entertainment centre. With an impressive 2,000-seat concert hall, St David’s Hall is home to the annual Welsh
Proms Cardiff. It presents live entertainment, including pop, rock, folk, jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films
and classical music.
The Hayes, Cardiff CF10 1AH
www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk
The Glee Club
Every weekend this is “Wales” premier comedy club where having a great time is the order for both audiences
and comedy stars alike. It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn’t been on the stage here. If you are looking for
the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here.
Mermaid Quay, Cardiff Bay, Cardiff CF10 5BZ
www.glee.co.uk/cardiffSherman Cymru
Sherman Cymru’s theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012. This special building is a
place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity (机会) to
do creative things. Sherman Cymru is excited to present a packed programme of the very best theatre, dance, family
shows and music from Wales and the rest of the world.
Senghennydd Road, Cardiff CF24 4YE
www.shermancymru.co.uk
New Theatre
The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicals, dance and children’s shows for more than 100
years. Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK’s touring shows, the New Theatre is
Cardiff’s oldest surviving traditional theatre. Be sure to pay a visit as part of your stay in the city.
Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3LN
www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk
21. Where is the Welsh Proms Cardiff hosted?
A. At the New Theatre. B. At the Glee Club.
C. At Sherman Cymru. D. At St David’s Hall.
22. What can people do at the Glee Club?
A. Watch musicals. B. Enjoy comedies.
C. See family shows. D. Do creative things.
23. Which website can you visit to learn about Cardiff’s oldest surviving theatre?
A. www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk B. www.shermancymru.co.uk
C. www.glee.co.uk/cardiff D. www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk
Passage 02（2022年甲卷B篇）
Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-
recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved
skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut
inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently
shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another
year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a
shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. Inthe experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition
alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that
Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to
two-year-old babies.
,
The next step according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on
visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
24. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment?
A. By following instructions. B. By using a tool.
C. By turning the box around. D. By removing the lid.
25. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text?
A. Using a key to unlock a door. B. Telling parrots from other birds.
C. Putting a ball into a round hole. D. Grouping toys of different shapes.
26. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos?
A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects.
C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
27. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters
Passage 03（2022年乙卷B篇）
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond
Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had
gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children
whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing
Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine
editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had
undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of
snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the
schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of courseinfluenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which
entailed（牵涉）drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and
Dorothy's return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism（坚忍）of the people move her
to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top:
"When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow
was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter."
24. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?
A. To teach in a school. B. To study American history.
C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing.
25. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.
26. Which part of Wickenden's writing is hair-raising?
A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living conditions in Elkhead.
C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The natural beauty of the West.
27. What is the text?
A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children's story. D. A diary entry.
Passage 04（2022年新高考1卷B篇）
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green
salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation.
I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought
way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as
Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away
— from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into
restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food
waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest
producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin
sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last
days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy
meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有
瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and
freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,
whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not
include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A. We pay little attention to food waste.B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C We waste more vegetables than meat.D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?
A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation.
26. What does Curtin’s company do?
A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
27. What does Curtin suggest people do?
A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often.
Passage 05（2022年乙卷D篇）
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it
would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per
100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today's children and teenagers
are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six
months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year
ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of
manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been
forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar
content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to
change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax,
as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by
raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation
to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
32. Why was the sugar tax introduced?
A. To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks.
C. To protect children's health. D. To encourage research in education.
33. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?
A. They turned to overseas markets. B. They raised the prices of their products.
C. They cut down on their production. D. They reduced their products' sugar content.
34. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?
A. Most alcoholic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks. C. Fruit juices. D. Classic Coke.
35. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
【模拟过关】
Text 01
（2022·河南·模拟预测）Engineers from China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp ( CASC ) are
known for their achievements such as landing a robot to explore Mars. However, the latest display of their wisdom
and knowledge took place on the ground at the Bird’s Nest during the opening ceremony for the Beijing 2022
Winter Olympics. They were tasked with building 11 major components for the 140-minute ceremony.
The “ ice cube (立方) ” , a structure covered by LED screens, was an example of engineers using their
knowledge to handle technical challenges. The main body weighed 180 tons and had to be raised gradually during
the ceremony, which meant that engineers needed to design a reliable method to lift it. Designers and technicians
developed a foldable frame capable of lifting the huge cube in just 43 seconds.Another visual breakthrough is a ground-based display screen covering 10,100 square meters. They used
industrial internet technologies to connect more than 40,000 screens and monitor their working conditions. It is
essential that engineers should place four signal transmission lines for the screen to prepare sufficient backup
capacity to ensure that it functions properly.
The torches (火把) carried by Chinese athletes during the final legs of the relay in the stadium were developed
by researchers who used their knowledge and skills gained from developing rocket engines. The torches can burn
among wind up to 28 meters per second. They will not go out during strong rain or in low temperatures. New flag
poles in the stadium flying the Chinese national flag and the Olympic flag were also designed and made by space
researchers.
There is no doubt that technology from space industry has had an unexpected effect on the performance stage
during the opening ceremony. Famous filmmaker Zhang Yimou, director of the opening ceremony, said, “As a
crucial technical company, it was responsible for the design and construction work for the performance stage. The
designs and equipment provided by this company worked very well and far exceeded our expectations. ”
1．What might be a challenge in lifting the ice cube?
A．Making it more beautiful. B．Protecting the LED screens.
C．Lifting it safely within a short time. D．Using the engineers’ wisdom and skills.
2．What played a major role in keeping the display screen functioning well?
A．Industrial internet technologies. B．Sufficient signal transmission capacity.
C．The area of the display screen. D．A monitor for their working conditions.
3．What do Zhang Yimou’s words mean in the last paragraph?
A．He felt very satisfied with the opening ceremony.
B．He thought it was important to use space technology.
C．He thought little of the contribution of the company.
D．He felt confident in further using modern technology.
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．Using Space Technology in the Beijing Winter Olympics
B．The Breakthrough of Space Technology in China
C．Using Knowledge to Handle Technical Challenges
D．A Wonderful Ceremony of the Beijing Winter Olympics
Text 02
（2022·江苏南通·模拟预测）The Korean culture wave has swept through the editorial offices of the OxfordEnglish Dictionary (OED), which has added more than 20 new words of Korean origin to its latest edition.
The new words include hallyu, the Korean original for the wave of pop culture that has made BTS one of the
world’s most popular bands and Squid Game the Netflix sensation of 2021. The dictionary defines it as the increase
in international interest in South Korea and its popular culture, esp. as represented by the global success of South
Korean music, film, television, fashion, and food.
But as the dictionary’s new additions make clear, there is much more to Korean cuisine than its spicy staple
kimchi, which appeared in the OED as long ago as 1976. New food-related entries include bulgogi, thin slices of
beef or pork, and chimaek, Korean-style fried chicken and beer.
Traditional culture is represented by hanbok, formal costumes worn by both men and women, and Hangul, the
Korean alphabet (字母表) created by King Sejong in 1443.
Aegyo, a certain kind of cuteness or charm considered characteristically Korean, and similar to the Japanese
word kawaii, has been included as both a noun and adjective. There is room, too, for mukbang, or livestreams of
people eating extraordinary amounts of food while talking to the online audience.
The inclusion of “skinship” is more surprising. Commonly used in South Korea, where it is translated as
seukinsip, and in Japan (sukinshippu), it captures the emotional bond that comes from close physical contact
between a parent and child, lovers and friends, the dictionary said.
“The adoption and development of these Korean words in English demonstrate how lexical (词汇的)
innovation is no longer restricted to the traditional centres of English in the United Kingdom and the United
States,” the OED said.“They show how Asians in different parts of the continent invent and exchange words within
their own local contexts, then introduce these words to the rest of the English-speaking world, thus allowing the
Korean wave to continue to ripple on the sea of English words.”
5．Why does the OED’s latest edition include new Korean words?
A．The Korean culture is gaining global influence.
B．The previous edition of the OED is out of fashion.
C．The OED wants to advertise Korean pop products.
D．The old additions have given way to the new ones.
6．Which of the following can be used to describe a lovely Korean girl?
A．Aegyo. B．Hanbok.
C．Bulgogi. D．Mukbang.
7．What does the underlined word “captures” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?A．Transforms. B．Ruins.
C．Establishes. D．Represents.
8．What can we infer from the OED’s words?
A．Korean dominates the Asian cultures.
B．Innovative words are limited to English.
C．The Korean wave will impact more on English.
D．Korean and English words are interchangeable.
Text 03（2022·江苏·新沂市第一中学模拟预测）
While pedaling hard on a bike, do you feel like you are saving the planet? Or do you just feel out of breath? In
fact, cycling is now considered one of the ultimate weapons humanity can use in the fight against climate change.
The United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution in March supporting bicycles as a tool for dealing
with climate change. The resolution calls on member states to “integrate the bicycle into public transportation, in
urban and rural settings in developing and developed countries”, with all 193 members of the UN unanimously (一
致同意地) adopting the resolution.
This decision has received a positive response from numerous groups in support of cycling and environmental
awareness internationally. “It is an important step toward the recognition of cycling as an important mode of
transport,” said the European Cyclists’ Federation.
The resolution from the UN comes at a time when climate change has returned to the center of global
attention. On Feb 28, the UN published a new report assessing recent climate change trends. The report warns that
the global average temperature will rise by 1.5 C above pre-industrial levels (1850-1900), with more than 40
percent of the world’s population being “highly vulnerable” to these temperature changes.
In May 2020, bike sales in Spain increased 22-fold (22倍) compared with 2019. In London, large parts of the
city are being closed off to cars so that people can walk and cycle safely. Cities like Berlin and Montreal have also
added new, wider bike lanes.
More importantly, the resolution focuses on bike-sharing services, which could be seen as recognition of
China’s bike-sharing success, noted CGTN.
China has some of the largest bike-sharing systems in the world. The country has more than 360 cities with
dockless (无桩的) bike-sharing systems, with nearly 20 million bicycles for an average 47 million trips each day,
according to China’s Ministry of Transport. This transportation option that produces zero emissions reduces the
amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere by 4.8 million tons every year, according to a 2020 report from theWorld Resources Institute.
9．According to the first paragraph, when cycling you may feel________ .
A．relaxed B．proud C．anxious D．nervous
10．Why has the resolution received a positive response?
A．Because it is an only tool to cope with climb changes.
B．Because it can be used in urban and rural settings in all countries.
C．Because it has been agreed with by all 193 members of the UN.
D．Because most people support cycling and environmental awareness.
11．The purpose that the author mentioned China in the last paragraph is_____.
A．To show China has succeeded in bike-sharing services.
B．To indicate China has the most bikes in the world.
C．To call for the world to learn from China.
D．To suggest that China has developed quickly.
12．How many tons CO₂ can be stopped into the atmosphere every two years?
A．20 million tons. B．9.6 million tons.
C．4.8 million tons. D．24.8 million tons.
Text 04（2022·河南·宝丰县第一高级中学模拟预测）
A recent story on TikTok showed how two neighbors found companionship during the lockdown because of
the pandemic (疫情), thanks to a shared love of the piano.
The story started when Giorgio Lo Porto heard his neighbor playing the piano through their dividing wall. Lo
Porto, an Italian living in London, decided to reach out to his neighbor and left a note asking him or her to play My
Heart Will Go On. The mystery neighbor agreed, leading Lo Porto to send another note suggesting they play a duet
(二重奏) together from the comfort of their own homes. The mystery neighbor started playing the piano at 2:00
pm, and when he stopped after finishing a part of a song, Lo Porto continued. Over time the duets between the two
complete strangers became a regular weekend appointment.
Weeks later, the pair finally met and it was better than expected. The mystery pianist happened to be a 78-year-
old Polish man named Emil, who was living in temporary accommodation until his house was sold. He lost his wife
in December due to COVID-19 and all he had left was the piano. And the reason why he played at 2: 00 pm every
weekend was that he and his wife used to do that.
The pair finished a final duet together — Beethoven’s Moonlight Sonata — before Emil moved out at the end
of February.While this is heartwarming in itself, the story has a heartbreaking ending: On March 14, Lo Porto shared that
his old neighbor had passed away in his sleep. He said, “Now he is reunited with his wife.”
While saying goodbye to Emil, Lo Porto wrote, “Dear Emil, I knew very little about you, but you changed my
life. You gave me back my passion, and we shared that with the world. You’ll be in my heart. I’ll keep playing,
thinking of how powerful music can be. You said I was your light, but you’ve been mine, too. Bye, Emil.”
13．What happened after Lo Porto left the second note for Emil?
A．They composed a new song based on a classic.
B．They reached out to neighbors to cheer them up.
C．They shared their playing skills with TikTokers.
D．They performed music together through the wall.
14．Why did Emil play the piano at a special time?
A．To upload his updates. B．To remember his wife.
C．To advertise his house. D．To comfort strangers.
15．What is the sad part of the story in the author’s opinion?
A．Emil's passing away. B．Lo Porto’s departure.
C．The pair’s final performance. D．The unfamiliarity between the pair.
16．What does Lo Porto mainly convey at last?
A．He admired Emil’s ambition. B．It is easy to say goodbye.
C．Emil positively influenced him. D．Music is a universal language.
Text 05 （2022·安徽安庆·模拟预测）
Pottery (制陶) may be the oldest artwork of human beings. As far back to more than 8, 000 years ago, people
began mixing clay and water then baking it until it held its shape. People attached the word “pottery” to their
discovery. For a more convenient and better life, ancient people used it to create various containers and tools to
cook, to store things, and to hold cuisine or water as dishes.
As time passed, the technique became mature. Different kinds of pottery appeared in different times and
regions. Yangshao Culture, 5, 000-7, 000 years ago to today, developed a technique for painted ceramic wares (陶
器). Qujialing Culture and Longshan Culture, about 4, 000 years ago, were known for their black ceramic wares.
During the Shang Dynasty (16th -11th century BC) bronze containers grew into somewhat of a status symbol;
common people, though, still used traditional clay ceramic wares. From the Warring States Period through the Han
Dynasty, the art and culture of pottery boomed. The Terra Cotta Warriors, discovered in Xi'an, are the finestrepresentatives of artworks of that time.
A representative example of pottery is the tricolor glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty(618-907), known as
Tangsancai in Chinese. The pottery would appear to. be light yellow, reddish brown, or light green but the most
popular were those of yellow, brown and green. The sculpture of figures, animals or daily appliances was
amazingly in accord with the characteristics of Tang art -graceful and lively. Preferred by many foreigners to the
region, such pottery had been transported worldwide.
Another choice pottery that won great reputation for hundreds of years is purple clay pottery. It is well- known
for its mild color, concentrated structure, high intensity and fine particles (微粒). As early as the Song Dynasty
(960-1279), people found purple-clay teapots to look much more graceful than those of other materials. In the Ming
and Qing Dynasties, tea developed as a simple and tasteful art. Modem people still delight in this classic fashion
ideal.
17．Why was pottery originally used?
A．To add more to farm took. B．To mark private properties.
C．To build up a stock of food. D．To enhance the quality of life.
18．When could pottery be used to identify one’s social status?
A．Around 6, 000 years ago. B．During the Shang Dynasty.
C．From the Warring States Period. D．Throughout the Han Dynasty.
19．What can be known about Tangsancai from Paragraph 3?
A．It combined pottery with typical Tang art. B．It represented common people’s daily life.
C．It adopted the most popular three colors. D．It was well-received by all foreigners.
20．The text is mainly written to ______.
A．explain why pottery was created B．display fine examples of ancient pottery
C．introduce pottery-related information D．explore the colors applied to pottery
Text 06（2022·河北衡水·高三阶段练习）
When Byron Thanarayen and his wife Melissa returned to their home recently, their 13-year-old dog named
Chucky was completely wet. The couple assumed the dog had splashed around in his water bowl and made a mess
in the house. When no evidence could be found inside, they turned to their security footage (录像).
What they saw made the blood freeze in their veins. Chucky was walking near their backyard swimming pool
when he stumbled (绊倒) and fell in. Since the dog is so tiny, he was unable to get a purchase on the slick sides of
the pool. Instead, he paddled around, searching in vain for a way out. After a few desperate moments, the couple'sother dog appeared on the scene. Jessie is a 7-year-old dog who became noticeably upset when she saw her friend
struggling to keep his head above the water. She began circling the pool's edge, following Chucky as if she was
encouraging him not to give up.
For 34 minutes, Jessie worked to rescue her friend. She repeatedly tried to grab hold of the smaller dog with
her mouth, but Chucky kept slipping out of her grasp. Finally, after several failed attempts, Jessie succeeded in
grasping Chucky's neck and dragging him out of the pool.
When Byron and Melissa realized Jessie was a hero, they were unspeakably grateful for their sweet girl! “We
still struggle to watch that video today, just thinking of what could have happened if Jessie was not there,” Byron
said. “I'm really proud of her, considering she is the youngest.” The family now plans to install a pool cover to keep
their pets safe. Thankfully, they have a wonderful life-dog on duty just in case anything ever goes wrong!
21．What was the couple's first thought finding their messy house?
A．Someone had broken in.
B．The dogs had been too naughty.
C．They had forgotten to clean the house.
D．Chucky had swum again in the swimming pool.
22．How did the couple feel when they found the evidence?
A．Shocked. B．Scared.
C．Excited. D．Annoyed.
23．What did Jessie do to help her friend?
A．She encouraged him to stay above the water.
B．She circled the pool's edge to find a way out.
C．She used her mouth to pull him out of the pool.
D．She ran out immediately to ask others for help.
24．Which words can describe Jessie?
A．Clever and inspiring. B．Wise and energetic.
C．Naughty and lazy. D．Brave and loving.
