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话题十五 人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系
第一部分 话题词汇积累
单词&短语
1____________n.日晒，晒黑；晒伤
2.____________v./n.挣扎，奋斗，努力
3.____________n.十年，十年期
4.____________n.冗员，额外人员；[口]特级品，特大号商品；超级市场adj.特级的，极好
的，非凡的
5.____________n.饥饿，渴望v.使饥饿；渴望
6.____________n.产量，输出；输出量
7.____________adj.引起烦恼的，令人不安的vt.扩大，扩展，张开，使发，详谈；引申
9.____________v.循环，流通；传递；传播；流传
10.____________n.战役，战斗v.搏斗，奋斗
11.____________adv.因此，所以
12.____________vt.摆脱，除去；扔掉；丢弃；消除；赶走
13.____________n.自由，自主
14.____________v.配备，装备；使有所准备，使有能力
15.____________v.输出，出口；传播n.输出(品)
16.____________n.国籍；(构成国家一部分的)民族
17.____________n.工作，职业，占领；消遣；使用；居住
18.____________v.使迷惑，使为难；混淆；搞错
19.____________n.发现，发觉，—discover v.发现
20.____________v.集中，聚焦，n.焦点，中心点
21.protect rare animals and plants____________________________
22.popularize environmental protection knowledge____________________________
23.enhance the awareness of the importance of environmental
protection________________________
24.improve the eco-environment____________________________
25.develop solar energy____________________________
26.provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals and
plants____________________________
27.supply water and food for human beings____________________________
28.pay great attention to the conservation of forest____________________________
29.result in a series of problems____________________________
30.helps low down the pace of global warming____________________________
完形高频短语
1.above all____________________________
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】2.after all____________________________
3.apart from____________________________
4.as a result of____________________________
5.as for____________________________
6.as if____________________________
7.as/so long as____________________________
8.as to____________________________
9.as usual____________________________
10.as well____________________________
11.as well as____________________________
12.at least____________________________
13.at most____________________________
14.at times____________________________
15.before long____________________________
16.by all/no means____________________________
17.by chance____________________________
18.calm down____________________________
19.due to____________________________
20.even so____________________________
21.even if/though____________________________
22.except for____________________________
23.ever since____________________________
24.far from____________________________
25.for lack of____________________________
26.get rid of____________________________
27.in addition____________________________
28.in addition(to)____________________________
29.in a hurry____________________________
30.in case(of)____________________________
31.in detail____________________________
32.in exchange for____________________________
33.in favour of____________________________
34.in fact____________________________
35.in need of____________________________
36.in other words____________________________
37.in return____________________________
38.in short____________________________
39.in spite of________________________
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】40.in the end____________________________
41.instead of____________________________
42.in store(for sb.)____________________________
43.in terms of____________________________
44.in time____________________________
45.in turn____________________________
46.in vain____________________________
47.now and then____________________________
48.now that____________________________
49.on behalf of____________________________
50.on purpose____________________________
51.on the contrary____________________________
52.on the whole____________________________
53.once again____________________________
54.once in a while____________________________
55.once more____________________________
56.other than____________________________
57.out of place____________________________
58.out of sight____________________________
59.rather than____________________________
60.so far____________________________
词汇拓展
1. rather than用作连词，连接两个平行结构。既可以表示主观愿望上的抉择，“与其……宁
可……”,也可以表示客观程度上的差异，“与其说是……不如说是……”。
I,___________you,should do the work.该做这工作的是我，而不是你。
I think I'll have a cold drink___________coffee.我想喝冷饮，而不是咖啡。
You are doing this for yourself___________ for your friend.
你不是为你朋友，而是为你自己做这种事。
I always prefer starting early,___________leaving everything to the last minute.
我一直都是尽早开始做事，而不是把所有事情都留到最后。
She insisted on having the room papered ___________painted.
她坚持要用纸裱糊房间，而不是把房间粉刷一下。
I decided to write___________telephone.我决定写信而不是打电话。
I prefer to work___________remain idle.我宁愿工作也不愿闲着。
He told a lie___________get his friend into trouble.他宁愿说谎也不愿连累朋友。
It was what he had eaten___________what he had drunk that made him ill.
使他得病的不是他喝的东西，而是他吃的东西。
2.as well as用于本义，可视为as... as结构与well的自然搭配，其意为“与……一样好”。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】用于引申义，表示“不但……而且”“既是……也是”“而且”“还”。
as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，作“也，还”解。它强调的是前一项，后一项只是
顺便提
及。因此连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前一项一致；而用not only...but also...连接时，谓语
动词与后一项一致。
He sings___________,if not better than,Mary.要是他唱歌不比玛丽唱得更好，但至少也是一样
好。
He grows flowers___________vegetables.他既种菜也种花。
___________learning to swim he has been taking Spanish lessons this summer.
今年夏天，他除了学习游泳外，还在上西班牙语课。
He speaks Spanish___________English and French.他不仅会说英语和法语，还会说西班牙语。
Tom___________his parents is going to London.汤姆和他的父母要去伦敦。
【联想】 as well常用作状语，作“又；也”解，相当于too或also,常位于句末，无须用逗
号与句子分开。
如：China is a socialist country,and a developing country as well.
中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。
I not only play the guitar,I sing as well(=I also sing).我不但弹吉他，而且还演唱。
活学活用
一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.It's you, rather than he, that___________(be)to blame for the accident.
2.So far the teacher as well as the students___________(see)the film.
3.She stared out of the window,____________(lose)in a daydream.
4.He gave me some tomatoes in exchange___________a lift into town.
5.Although___________(face)a terrible situation,we shouldn't lose control or drink too much.
二、翻译句子
1.只要你努力学习，就一定会达到预定的目的。(as long as)
________________________________________________________
2.学生应学会如何充分利用时间发展各项技能。(make use of)
________________________________________________________
3.银行经理问他的助手能否在一周制定出投资计划。(work out)
________________________________________________________
4.我要到伦敦去，我妹妹也要去。(as well)
________________________________________________________
第二部分 话题阅读训练
（A）阅读理解
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】If plastic had been invented when the Pilgrims sailed from Plymouth, England, to North
America － and their Mayflower had been stocked with bottled water and plasticwrapped
snacks，their plastic waste would likely still be around four centuries later.Atlantic waves and
sunlight would have worn all that plastic into tiny bits. And those bits might still be floating
around the world's oceans today, waiting to be eaten by some fish or oysters, and finally perhaps
by one of us.
Because plastic wasn't invented until the late 19th century, and its production only really took
off around 1950, we have a mere 9.2 billion tons of the stuff to deal with. Of that, more than 6.9
billion tons have become waste. And of that waste，a surprising 6.3 billion tons never made it to a
recycling bin－the figure that shocked the scientists who published the numbers in 2017.
No one knows how much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean, the earth's last sink.
In 2015, Jenna Jambeck, an engineering professor of the University of Georgia ， caught
everyone's attention with a rough estimate：between 5.3 million and 14 million tons of plastic
waste each year just come from coastal regions.
Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine(海洋的) animals every year.
Nearly 700 species，including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. Some are
harmed visibly, stuck by abandoned things made of plastic.Many more are probably harmed
invisibly.Marine species of all sizes, from zooplankton to whales, now eat microplastics, the bits
smaller than onefifth of an inch across.
“This isn't a problem that we don't know what the solution is，” says Ted Siegler, a
Vermont resource economist who has spent more than 25 years working with developing nations
on garbage.“We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone can do it.We know how to deal with it. We
know how to recycle. It's a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems ideally before
the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.”
1．Why does the author mention the Pilgrims in Paragraph 1?
A．To prove plastic was difficult to invent.
B．To introduce what marine animals like eating.
C．To tell the Pilgrims contributed a lot to the marine protection.
D．To show plastic waste has a lasting effect on the ocean.
2．What's the main trouble marine animals face according to the text?
A．Lacking protection.
B．Being stuck by plastics.
C．Being caught by humans.
D．Treating plastics as food.
3．What does Ted Siegler want to tell us in the last paragraph?
A．Some people don't know the solution to plastic waste.
B．Plastics will turn the ocean into a soup of plastic.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】C．It's time to take measures to deal with plastic waste.
D．People should avoid using plastics to protect the ocean.
4．From which is the text probably taken?
A．A biology textbook.
B．A travel brochure.
C．An environmental report.
D．A lifestyle magazine.
（B）语法填空
The wildfires in Australia became considerably worse in January, 2020.The disaster faced by
1.________ country is far from over. Many of the fires 2.________(send) smoke high into the
atmosphere and some smoke turned into pyrocumulonimbus clouds(火云). The clouds could help
a fire draw in more air and shift surface winds，3.________(result) in fire tornadoes (龙卷风).
Fires have destroyed habitats for animals that 4.________(find) only in Australia, including
koalas and rare birds. It will take time to fully know how much harm the fires have done
5.________ wildlife. The wildfires are expected 6.________(continue) burning for months as
Australia entered its dry season.
This past year, 2019, is the hottest and driest year on record. The fires happen
7.________(regular) during the Australian dry season. However, climate and natural changes are
making the situation 8.________(bad). At least 12 million acres have been burned so far in
Victoria and New South Wales alone.Smoke from the fires has made 9.________ to South
America. There is so much smoke that it may stay in the air for months，10.________ could have
a small effect on the planet's climate.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】
