文档内容
【高频考点解密】2023 年高考英语二轮复习讲义+分层训练(全国通
用)
04.动词(短语)
动词及动词短语是英语语法的核心,也是构成一个句子最基本的成分。动词及动词短语的灵活运用
是英语的一大特点,是学生学习中的难点,更是每年高考中测试的重点。现通过对动词及动词词组的典题
进行分析和总结,望能够帮助学生提高动词及动词词组试题的解题能力。
一、考查具体语境中动词词义的辨析
近三年,高考对动词词义的考查,多出现在完形填空中。在做题时,要根据上下文的语境和选项中动词的
含义来确定最终答案。
【典例1】________the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. (完形填
空)
A. Starting
B. Parking
C. Passing
D. Approaching
解析:根据语境可知,应该是靠近车。start“开始,发动”;park“泊车”;pass“经过,传递”;
approach“靠近”。故答案选D。
【典例2】My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man
holding a piece of paper that said, “________my job. Family to feed.” (完形填空)
A. Lost
B. Changed
C. Quit
D. Finished
解析:根据上下文可知,纸上写的是“丢了工作,还有家人要养活。”故答案选A。
二、考查动词近义词的辨析
【典例1】Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to ________the soul of Qu Yuan. (完形填空)
A. remember
B. remind
C. recovers
D. recall
解析:remember, remind, recall 三个词意思相近。remember“记住,记起”;remind“提醒,使想起”;
recover“恢复”;recall“使想起,回想,召回”;根据句子意思可知,答案选D。
【典例2】 Larry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry was ________along 165
north after delivering to one of his customers. (完形填空)
A. walking
B. touring
C. traveling
D. rushing
解析:根据文意可知,Larry在运输公司工作,在2009年的一个早上,Larry 正沿着165公路向北行驶着。
tour“旅行,巡回演出”;travel“旅行,行驶”,根据题意可知,答案应该选C。
三、考查动词的熟词生义和一词多义
从近三年的高考真题来看,高考命题非常重视对动词的熟词生义和一词多义的考查,这种现象多出现在完
形和阅读中。有些考生不懂这些熟词的“新含义”,而无法正确理解文章或题干的含义,因此丢分。
【典例 1】They had begun to integrate (融合)the kinds of play and teamwork they had ________the day
before into their game. (完形填空)
A. seen
B. know
C. heard
D. read
解析:A。see常见的含义是“看见”,根据本空前后的意思可知,这里的含义应是“领会,理解”。如:
It shows that your child hasn’t seen the point of the story.这表明你的孩子还没有领会故事的意思。此外,see
还有“认为,见证,参观”等含义。
【典例2】Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden.
(任务型阅读)
解析:translate 常见含义是“翻译”,但在这个句子里是“转变,转化”的意思。再如:Your decision
must be translated into specific, concrete actions. 你的决定必须转化为具体明确的行动。此外,translate 还有“理解, 解释”的含义。
四、考查不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析
动词短语在历年高考题中所占比例也很大,主要出现在完形填空题中,四个选项是四个不同的动词短语,
以此来考查考生在语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。
【典例1】Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man 56 and let them go to work.(完形
填空)
A. stepped forward
B. backed off
C. moved on
D. set out
解析:根据 “let them go to work”,可知答案选B。step forward“迈向前”;back off“后退”;move on“继
续”;set out“出发”。
【典例2】Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again to ________my own
cancer experience?(完形填空)
A. learn from
B. go over
C. get through
D. refer to
解析:根据“look to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again”及后半句意思可知,答案选C。learn from“向……学习”;
go over“复习”; get through“熬过,通过”;refer to“参考,涉及,指的是”。
【典例3】That leaky faucet somehow awakened me to the fact that I now had to ________the challenge of getting
things fixed.(完形填空)
A. come up with
B. face up to
C. look forward to
D. step away from
解析:根据上下文可知,作者不得不面对这一挑战,故答案选 B。come up with“提出”;face up to“勇敢面
对”;look forward to“盼望,期望”;step away from“远离”。
五、考查同根动词短语的辨析
对同根动词短语辨析的考查,也多在完形填空题中进行考查。根据上下文和语境来确定答案。这要求学生对同根动词所构成的动词短语要有精准的掌握。
【典例】The man who had his bright lights on ________and told Larry he had made an emergency call.(完形填
空)
A. came down
B. came through
C. came in
D. came over
解析:句意:车灯一直亮着的车的车主走了过来,告诉Larry 他已经打了急救电话。come down“下降,降
低,被拆毁”;come through“经历”;come in“進入,卷入”;come over“走过来”。根据语境可知,答案
为D。
六、考查同根介词或副词动词短语的辨析
【典例】It ________that among other things, he was an eighty-year-old writer. (完形填空)
A. came out
B. worked out
C. proved out
D. turned out
解析:come out“出版,开花”;workout “锻炼,计算出”;prove out“证明”;turnout“结果是,原来是”。
根据句意可知,答案为D。
七、考查动词短语中的介词或副词的搭配
动词与介词或副词构成的短语也是高考中的主要考点,这类题多在完形填空题、语法填空题和短文改错题
中进行考查。学生在日常的学习中,要多对包含有介词或副词的动词短语进行归纳记忆。
【典例1】My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.(短文改错)
解析:dream of/about doing sth“梦想做某事”,故在dreams后加of/about。
【典例2】We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal ________our emotions than
for straight facts.
解析:appeal to“对……有吸引力,对……有感染力”,固定搭配。故答案填to。
【典例3】 Anyway, were here now, so let’s get down ________ some serious work.
解析:get down to“开始做,着手做”,固定搭配。故答案填to。八、常考动词短语归纳
1. break
break down 损坏,出毛病
break in 闯入,插话
break off (使)分离,停止,断交
break out (战争等)爆发,逃出(无被动式)
break through 突围,突破
break up 驱散,(使)散开
break away from 脱离,打破,放弃
2. bring
bring about 使倒下,使下降
bring forward 提出
bring in把……拿进来,收获,赚(钱)
bring up sb 抚养某人
bring up sth 提出
bring up 呕吐
bring to an end 结束=come to an end
3. call
call on sb 拜访,号召
call at 访问(某人的家);(火车、船)停靠
call for 需要
call off 取消(计划,比赛)
call out (call out+to sb)大声地叫
call up sb 打电话
4. come
come across 偶然发现,偶然遇到
come on 快点(口),开始,到来,举行,走吧,一起去
come in 进来,上市
come out 出来,出发,结果
come to 苏醒,总共,达到
come up 上升,升起5. cut
cut away 切除
cut through 走近路,穿透
cut down 砍倒,减少,压缩(开支)
cut off 切断(关系,来往),中止(电话,思维)
cut out 删掉/改掉(恶习),停止
6. die
die from 死于,因……而死
die off 相继死亡
die away 声音变弱,渐渐消失
die down 慢慢地熄灭(风,火)
die out 熄灭,变弱,消失,灭绝(动物)
7. fall
fall asleep 去睡觉=go to sleep
fall ill 病了
fall back 后退,后撤
fall behind 落后,跟不上
fall off 减少,从……摔下来
8. get
get about 到处走,消息的传开
get across 穿过,领会
get away 逃掉,离开,摆脱
get down 从……下来,写下来,记下来
get along with 进展,友好相处
get in 进去,收获
get off 离开,下车
get on 上车
get over 克服(困难),从病中恢复过来
get around =spread 传开
get through 完成,通过,用完,从人群中通过,接通电话
get to 到达get together 聚会,达成一致
get into trouble 陷入
get rid of 摆脱,去掉
9. give
give away 分发,出卖,放弃
give in 屈服
give off 放出(气体,光)
give out 公布,用尽,分发
give up 放弃,停止做某事
give over 交出,移交
10. leave
leave alone 不要管(某人),不要碰(某物)
leave behind 遗留,留下,超过
leave off (使)停止,中断
leave out 刪掉,漏掉
leave over 剩下,暂时不去解决
11. put
put off 推迟,延期
put on穿上,上演,播放,打开
put out伸出,扑灭,生产,出版
put through接通电话;使经历(困难等)
put up举起,建立,张贴,提出
put up with忍受
put forward提出,把……提前
put down放下,写下,镇压
put away收拾起来,储存
put aside放在一边,储存,忽视
put together装配(零件等),整理
12. take
take down取下,记下,拆除
take off起飞,脱去,成名take on接受,承担,雇佣,呈现
take over接替,接管,继承
take up拿起,开始从事,占用,接下去
take in吸收,欺骗,收容
take away拿走,夺去
take after模仿,与……相像
take back拿回,收回,退货
take to喜欢,沉迷于
13. turn
turn to求助于,转向,翻到
turn out生产,关掉,结果是
turn on打開(灯等),取决于,袭击
turn off关掉,使(某人)厌烦
turn down拒绝,调低
turn up出现,调高
turn over翻身,翻转,把……移交
turn in上缴,告发
turn around转身
14. set
set out着手做,出发,陈述
set off 出发,使爆炸
set down放下,记下
set aside留出,抛弃(意见、习惯等)
set up设立,建立
set about着手做(set about doing=set out to do)
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1. But Jeff’s hand touched the hot burner and he gave a cry of pain. Jenna made him _____ (put) his hand in cold
water.
2. The water __________(feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.3. Doing so will ________(title) the ticket holder to unlimited free parking.
4. China’s deadliest earthquake in recent years________(be)a 7.9 magnitude quake in 2008 that killed nearly 90,
000 people in Sichuan.
5. When you sew______________ to this end, fasten off the thread.
6. He confidently___________(forecast)a big increase in sales, and he turned out to be right.
7. So every teacher should be helpful and kind. It can make children________(love)you and the subject you teach.
8. I’ll have the gardener ______(plant) some trees.
9. We’d better ______(large) the reading room by knocking through between the two small rooms.
10. The news was ______ (announce)by CCTV.
11. He is the only one of the boys who ______ (have) helped me.
12. My new bedroom________(measure)15ft by 12ft, which is big enough for me.
13. If ________ ________ ________ (利用) time properly, you definitely could complete the mission perfectly.
(根据汉语提示完成句子)
14. They will have you__________(arrest) if you don’t pay taxes, because it is everyone’s duty to pay taxes.
15. Look! The box___________ a number of letters, which___________ those from his students. (contain/include)
16. She came up ________a new idea for increasing sales.(用适当的词填空)
17. His determination carried him__________ the difficulties.
18. There are several main reasons why old buildings should be torn ________ and replaced by new ones.
19. I can’t find my pen. Who________ it away? (take)
20. I thought what you said_____________(worse) the relationship between you two.
21. This sort of roast meat is a local super food and it __________(taste)delicious.
22. If you want to play safe, cut ___________on the amount of salt you eat. (用适当的词填空)
23. He was annoyed and refused to comment _________ the suggestion.
24. It is hard to see how people will get _________ the winter. (用适当的词填空)
25. 彼得想利用巴黎之旅来提高他的法语。
Peter wanted to________ his visit to Paris to improve his French.
26. If you come across any difficulty during your journey, you can turn _________ me. (用适当的词填空)
27. You ought to have turned _________ on the scene at the appointed time.
28. The seats in the plane are_________, and you can _________them to a certain angle. The is not difficult to
make ____. (adjust)
29. It is not so helpful to give someone some bread as to teach him how to make __________living. (用适当的词填空)
30. Bob wrote a poem about the butterfly and he had it ________(polish) before it was published.
31. Few people can stick ___________ a diet for long. (用适当的词填空)
32. The principle that you can become good at things through hard work applies __________ your schoolwork.
(用适当的词填空)
33. The teacher told us that the Second World War___________(break)out in 1939.
34. The new law does not refer ___________land used for farming. (用适当的词填空)
35. The dull play really came ________ life in the performance by these young people.
36. “Our wish has come ________(truth).” The coach said after the Chinese girls won the first Volleyball World
Cup title in 18 years.
37. The North Korea’s conducting an underground nuclear explosion set ________ an international argument.
38. Such animals as dinosaurs died out because they couldn’t adapt______________ the sudden change of climate.
39. Don’t hesitate (犹豫)to cut_________ the useless information in your passage.
40. Having been in hospital for six months, he felt himself cut_________ from the outside world.
41. Did he give_________ or keep on trying? (用适当的副词填空)
42. He turned________ my suggestion and turned________ the business to his daughter.
43. If you like that movie, you should check________ the director's other films. (用适当的词填空)
44. If they value these data, you make them pay ________ them. (用适当的词填空)
45. It’s been dry for so long that the forest could burst ________ flames at any moment.
46. We claimed a refund(退款)from the association, but they would not pay ________.
47. If you follow these steps and try to communicate with your parents actively, soon you will be able to
break________ the wall between you all.
48. Dark clouds were gathering in the skies over Europe. War was soon to break________.
49. The boy talked loudly in order to catch the teacher’s ________(eye).
50. They didn’t even practice to prepare________ the game.
二、语法填空
1
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
GOING POSITIVE
I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was ___51___(possible). I
worried about my weight and tried every new diet I read about online. I tried no-fat, low-fat, only bananas, nobananas — I almost ___52___ (go) bananas, too.
I was feeling extremely ___53___ (annoy) when I read an article ___54___ said instead of asking “Am I
fat?” I should be asking “Am I fit?” I had no idea a letter could make such ___55___ difference! Once I started
thinking about ___56___ (fit) rather than weight, things began to change. Instead of saying “I want to lose three
kilos”, I would say “I want to run two kilometres in eight minutes” or “I want to be able to do 30 push-ups”. Rather
than cutting out the foods I enjoyed, I added healthy foods ___57___my meals. I could still have a burger now
___58___ then, but I would add a salad or an apple.
Finally, I stopped ___59___ (compare) myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were
wrong with my face or body. Instead, I made a list of the things I liked about ____60____ (I). By being positive
about my body, I became both happier and healthier.
2
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词,或括号内单词的正确形式。
In mid-September in 2022, to honor the 110th anniversary of the birth of nuclear physicist Wu Chien-shiung,
____61____ global online conference was held to mark this anniversary. Compared with physicists such as Marie
Curie, Wu is not a household name in China or in the United States, ____62____ she was one of the most
influential nuclear physicists of the 20th century.
Wu was born on May 31, 1912, in Liuhe town, Taicang, ____63____ the Yangtze River flows into the East
Sea. Wu’s father, Wu Zhongyi, received a modern ____64____ (educate) in Shanghai, and in 1913, ____65____
(found) the first school for girls in Taicang. He aimed ____66____ (break) the old sexist advocacy that it was
women’s virtue to have no talents.
The father, absorbing the merits of Western ideas while bearing the great thoughts rooted deep in Chinese
culture in mind, had the most profound influence ____67____ Wu Chien-shiung’s life. She spent most of her life in
the US, but always wore qipao. Working in the scientific world dominated by men, she never gave up or lowered
her standards even if ____68____ (unequal) treated.
During her 44-year career as a nuclear physicist, Wu’s great ____69____ (achievement) won her nicknames
such as “Chinese Madame Curie”. She was the first woman to be president of American Physical Society, and the
first female winner of the Comstock Prize in physics ____70____ (give) by the US National Academy of
Sciences.
3
It’s interesting when you think about how Japan is a nation ____71____ appreciates the virtues of silence andgood manners, and yet when it comes to eating noodles, Japanese people can be ____72____ (loud) in the world.
According to lifestyle website grapee.jp, slurping when eating noodles ____73____ (encourage) in Japanese
culture. It’s believed that taking air into your mouth ____74____ enhance the flavor of the noodles, and that it
helps cool down the noodles. It’s also considered to be a way to show appreciation for the dish. Sometimes, just
making the noise alone seems to make the noodles more enjoyable.
It wasn’t until a new expression—“noodle harassment”, or “hu-hara” in Japanese - came out last year on social
media ____75____ Japanese people started to realize that the slurping noise is making some foreign visitors
____76____(comfortable).
As a response, Japanese instant noodle maker Nissin introduced a so-called noise-canceling fork earlier this
year. The fork, which looks like an electric toothbrush, is connected wirelessly to a smartphone. When the person
using the fork starts to slurp, the fork sends a signal to the person’s phone, ____77____ (make) it play a sound to
mask the slurping noise.
“The fork is a solution ____78____ the ‘noodle harassment’ issue, particularly as the number of tourists
visiting Japan increases,” said the company, according to Euro News.
But is it really necessary?
Dining traditions do vary. What is considered to be proper table manners in one country is likely to be seen as
rude in another. In India, for example, people eat with their hands ____79____ they think in this way they build a
connection with the food. However, people who are used to eating with utensils(餐具)might find it uncomfortable
to get their hands _____80_____ (cover) with oil and bits of food. But this eating method is part of India’s culture,
just like Japan’s slurping is part of its own.
“So, if you are eating noodles, whether that’s ramen, udon, or soba, please slurp,” wrote the reporter Brian
Ashcraft on blog Kotaku. “If anyone gets annoyed while you are doing that, pay them no mind because they’re
missing the point entirely.”
4
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In English,there is a popular saying — All good things must come to ____81____ end. This, however, might
not always be true. For the six friends in Friends, the “good things” — the ____82____ (friend) between them have
never really ended.
Perhaps you haven’t seen Friends. The TV series tells the story of six young people, Rachel, Ross, Monica,
Chandler, Phoebe and Joey ____83____ came to New York City to find love, success and fun. Each of them had adifferent ____84____(personal). However, they were able to put their differences aside and became good friends.
Seventeen years ____85____ (pass) since the last episode of Friends was on. Fans have been looking forward
to ____86____ (approach) the six friends’ reunion on the screen. That wish finally came true. A special episode,
Friends: The Reunion, was broadcast(播放) online on May 27.
Your English teacher once probably advised you to watch Friends. For sure, watching the series will help you
learn English. But you can learn a little ____87____ (much) from Friends than the others. One thing it can teach us
all is how ____88____ (gain) lasting friendships. As Rachel once said,“ ____89____(obvious), there were no
cellphones back in the 1990s. It was just friends sitting around ____90____chatting together.” If you want to have
lifelong friends, don’t just chat online. Make sure to always be there — for your friends!
5
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings(秧苗)onboard the Tiangong space station and this
experiment shows us how astronauts can grow food to support long-term space missions.
___91___there have been other rice experiments in space, the one being conducted on Tiangong is the first of
__92__(it) kind. The aim is to produce the complete life cycle of the plant. It begins with a seed and ends with a
mature plant _93_(produce)new seeds. Now, the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety have reached
a___94___(high) of about 30 cm.
China’s Wentian space lab,_95_(launch) on July 24, docked with the Chinese space station’s Tianhe core
module one day later. The space lab,whic h _96_ (weigh) 23 tons and is 17.9 meters tall, is the country’s largest
and___97___(heavy) spacecraft to date.
Onboard are eight experimental payloads, including the one for the rice experiment. Rice___98___(be) a
staple food for astronauts since the early days of space exploration. US astronauts onboard the Apollo 11
mission,_____99_____were the first humans to land on the moon in July 1969, ate freeze-dried chicken and rice
during their trip_____100_____space.
If we want to land on and explore Mars, we have to find a sustainable food source for long-term space
explorations.
6
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As you have noticed, you and a fish are different. Eyelids (眼睑), for example. Even sleep is a difference
between you ____101____ a fish.As far as scientists can tell, even though it’s hard ____102____(study) the brains of fish, fish do sleep in
____103____ way. They at least rest at times, with a slowdown of their body “machinery”. And that is much like
sleep.
For fish brains to relax, eyelids may not ____104____(need). Some fish lie near the bottom or top of the sea
or lake at night. Others hide ____105____(them) in the sand or produce a covering as ____106____(protect)
against predators (捕食者) while their defense (防御者) are sleeping. And sharks—even the kinds ____107____
continually swim—still have periods of rest in between periods of activity.
Fish don’t have eyelids or need them. Eyelids help us ____108____(human) by keeping our eyes from
____109____(get) dry, among other things. But dry eyes are _____110_____(probable) not a problem for animals
living in water.
7
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
Han Jing is a senior high school student now. ___111___ the first day, she felt a sense of ___112___
(anxious) and was not sure if she could make a good first impression.
Her first math class was very difficult, but ___113___ teacher, kind and friendly, told them a funny story,
___114___ (make) the students laugh. That afternoon, they went to the science lab ___115___ (do) experiments.
However, a guy tried to talk to her the whole time, ___116___ made her unable to carry out the experiment. That
was so ___117___ (annoy) that she even wanted to tell him to leave ___118___ (she) alone.
After the first day, Han Jing had a different opinion about the life at senior high. She didn’t feel awkward
___119___ frightened at all. Though she missed her former friends, she believed she ____120____ (make) new
ones. She felt much more confident than that morning and even thought the next day would be a great day.
8
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Statue of Liberty, ____121____ internationally-known symbol of freedom that ____122____ (complete)
in 1886, is certainly an impressive structure. The statue is of a woman ____123____ is wearing long, flowing
robes. On her head, she has a crown of seven spikes that represent the seven ____124____ (ocean) and the seven
continents. The statue ____125____ (weigh) 450,000 pounds and is 152 feet high. ____126____, the statue
appears much larger because it stands on a pedestal that is about 150 feet high. In her raised right hand, the woman
holds a 12-meter torch, which stands for light and freedom. In her left hand, she ____127____ (carry) a tablet (书
板) with the date “July 4, 1776”, which is the birthday of the country, written ____128____ its cover. At her feet lie____129____ (break) chains, which symbolize an escape to freedom. The Statue of Liberty is an ____130____
(amaze) monument.
9
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I didn’t sleep well for several days, worrying about the wildfires in several parts of Chongqing, my hometown.
Like most people from Chongqing, I felt I must help stop the fires spreading, especially after I smelt heavy smoke
in my house____131____the evening of Aug. 21. The smoke was believed to be from a wildfire____132____broke
out in nearby Banan area in the afternoon that day. That night, a large fire____133____(appear) in the mountains in
Beibei area, 40 kilometers from my home.
Clearly, the powerful fire was getting very close. Although forest firefighting forces from three provinces
arrived, our government needed____134____(much) help from the public. And volunteers ____135____(call) on
to go to different fire sites around the city.
Many people____136____(glad) went to offer help. Many gave away all kinds of things needed for the fight
against wildfires. They took them to collection points, without____137____(give) their names.
____138____(hundred) of people with skills and experience signed up as volunteers.
I asked____139____(I) what I could help with. I am a middle-aged woman without much strength. I cannot
ride a motoreycle, and do not have any medical skills. I decided to do everything I could ____140____(help) the
hard-working volunteers, which included taking them cold fruit tea.
10
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nowadays, our classrooms, neighborhoods and communities become ___141___ (much) diverse (多样化的)
than ever before. People from different ___142___ (country) and cultures continue to spread out around the world.
Different skin colors, languages, physical abilities and clothing ___143___ (be) some of the types of diversity that
we experience every day.
How we respond to this diversity will decide not only our future as a person but also our future as a society. As
Maya Angelou said, “In diversity there is beauty and ___144___ (strong)”. Tolerance (宽容) means openness to
the differences that exist among us all. It means respecting and learning from others, ___145___ (value) our
differences and discovering what we have ___146___ common.
The opposite of tolerance is closed-mindedness. Arguments, fights and wars ___147___ (cause) by closed-
mindedness from time to time. In contrast, humans ___148___ are open to differences will create a more peacefulworld and have better opportunities in life whether through education, work or friendships. So having tolerance will
change our life for the better, and make the world ___149___ better place. Difference is of the spirit of humans and
we should learn ___150___ (respect) it.
参考答案
一、
1. put
【解析】考查动词。句意:但是杰夫的手碰到了灼热的炉子,他痛苦地叫了一声。珍娜让他把手放进冷水
里。结合句意此处make为使役动词,make sb do sth意为“使某人做某事,让某人做某事”。故填put。
2. felt
【解析】考查时态。句意:当我跳进游泳池晨练时,水感觉很凉。根据句意和句中“jumped”可知,句子
陈述的是过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,“feel”意为“感觉”,为感官动词,用主动形式表示被动含义,
“feel”的过去式为“felt”。故填felt。
3. entitle
【解析】考查动词。句意:这样做将使持票人有权无限制地免费停车。根据句意和提示词可知,空格处填
提示词名词title“头衔”动词形式entitle“赋予权利”,作谓语,助动词will后用动词原形。故填entitle。
4. was
【解析】考查系动词。句意:中国近年来死亡人数最多的地震是2008年发生的7.9级地震,导致四川近9
万人丧生。分析句子可知,空处是系动词,表示“是”;该地震发生在过去,故用一般过去时;由主语
earthquake可知be用单数形式;故填was。
5. up
【解析】考查动词短语。句意:当你缝到这头时,把线系紧。根据句意可知,sew up意为“缝合,缝入”
符合题意。故填up。
6. forecast/forecasted
【解析】考查动词和时态。句意:他自信地预测销售量将会大幅度提高,事实证明他是对的。confidently
是副词,修饰空处的动词,根据英文提示,应填动词forecast;本处and连接两个独立的句子,由 turned
out to be right可知预测的事项已经发生,应用一般过去时;forecast的一般过去式是forecast或forecasted;
故填forecast或forecasted。
7. love
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:所以每个老师都应该是乐于助人和善良的。它能使孩子们喜欢你和你教的科目。此处为“make+宾语+省略to的不定式”结构,空处用动词原形作宾补,故填love。
8. plant
【解析】考查固定句式。句意:我将让园丁种些树。固定句式:have sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”,所以此
处用动词原形plant,在句中作宾补,故填plant。
9. enlarge
【解析】考查动词。句意:我们最好把两个小房间之间打通,把阅览室扩大。had better do sth.意为“最好
做某事”,后接动词原形,故空格处填动词;large,形容词;enlarge,动词,意为“扩大”。故填
enlarge。
10. announced
【解析】考查动词和被动语态。句意:这个消息是由中央电视台播报的。根据句意及英文提示,空处应填
表示“播报”的动词,即announce;news和announce之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;故填announced。
11. has
【解析】考查动词。句意:他是男孩中唯一帮助过我的人。分析句子可知,此处是who引导的定语从句,
指代先行词the boys,而先行词前有the only修饰,故空处应用动词的第三人称单数形式,此处时态为一般
现在时,故应用has。故填has。
12. measures
【解析】考查不及物动词和时态。句意:我的新卧室尺寸是15英尺乘12英尺,对我来说足够大了。
measure可作不及物动词,表示“量度为……”,没有被动语态,表示客观事实用一般现在时,主语是单
数,谓语动词也用单数,故填measures。
13. you utilize your
【解析】考查动词和状语从句。句意:如果你正确地利用时间,你绝对能完美地完成任务。表示“你”用
you;表示“利用”用utilize;表示“你的”用形容词性物主代词your;本句用一般现在时。故填①you;
②utilize;③your。
14. arrested
【解析】考查非谓语动词,句意:如果你不交税,他们会把你逮捕的,因为交税是每个人的义务。本句的
谓语为have,此处考查动词短语“have sb+补语”,have的宾语为you,arrest与you之间为动宾关系,应
用过去分词arrested,作you的补语。故填arrested。
15. contains include
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:看!盒子里有许多信,其中包括他的学生寄来的。分析句子结构可知,两
个空在句中都作谓语,应用动词形式;结合句意及前面的look可知,此处表示现在发生的事,是对一般事实的陈述,故应一般现在时;第一空主语为the box,单数形式,故谓语动词用单数形式;第二空作which
引导的定语从句的谓语,应根据先行词的单复数确定其形式,先行词为 letters,复数形式,故谓语动词用
复数形式。故填contains和include。
16. with
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:她提出了一个增加销售额的新主意。固定短语come up with:提出。故填
with。
17. through
【解析】考查介词、动词短语。句意:他的决心使他渡过了困难。此处考查动词短语 carry sb through...,
意为“帮助某人渡过难关”,设空处应用介词through。故填through。
18. down
【解析】考查动词短语。句意:有几个主要的原因为什么旧建筑应该被拆除和被新的建筑取代。根据“old
buildings ”和“replaced by new ones”可知,是旧建筑被拆除然后被新建筑取代,tear down是动词短语,意
为“拆除”。故填down。
19. has taken
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:我找不到我的钢笔了。谁把它拿走了?设空处在句中作谓语,需用动词;
根据句意可知,此处强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,应用现在完成时have / has done,结合句子主
语可知,应用单数形式。故填has taken。
20. worsened
【解析】考查动词及动词时态。句意:我以为你说的话恶化了你们之间的关系。设空处在句中作从句谓语,
应用动词;结合句意及提示词可知,此处应用worsen,时态为一般过去时。故填worsened。
21. tastes
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:这种烤肉是当地的超级食物,它尝起来很美味。分析句子可知,taste是谓
语动词,由上文的is可知,用一般现在时,主语it是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数,且taste是系动词,
无被动式,故填tastes。
22. down
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:如果你想安全起见,就减少盐的摄入量。根据句意,cut down为固定搭配,
意为“削减,减少”。故填down。
23. on/upon
【解析】考查介词。句意:他很生气,拒绝对这个建议发表评论。此处考查动词短语 comment on / upon,
意为“对……评论”,后接宾语。设空处应填介词on / upon。故填on / upon。24. through
【解析】考查介词。句意:很难想象人们将如何度过这个冬天。此处考查动词短语get through,意为“度
过,熬过(困难时期等)”,在 see 后的宾语从句中作谓语,后接宾语 the winter。设空处应填介词
through。故填through。
25. take advantage of
【解析】考查固定短语。根据句意此处缺少“利用”,英语表达是take advantage of,在句子中做want的宾
语,应使用不定式,故填take advantage of。
26. to
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:如果你在旅行中碰到任何困难,你可以向我求助。turn to是固定短语,表
示“向某人求助”。故填to。
27. up
【解析】考查固定用法。句意:你应该在约定的时间出现在现场。turn up为固定搭配,意为“出现”。故
填up。
28. adjustable adjust adjustment
【解析】考查形容词,动词和名词。句意:飞机上的座位是可以调节的,你可以把它们调整到一定角度,
调整起来不并不难。第一空用形容词作表语,故填adjustable,第二空作谓语用动词,故填adjust,第三空
用名词作宾语,故填adjustment。
29. a
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:与其说给人面包有帮助,不如说是教他如何谋生。此处为固定搭配“make
a living”谋生的意思。故填a。
30. polished
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:鲍勃写了一首关于蝴蝶的诗,在出版前他把它润色了一下。分析句子结
构可知,所设空处作宾语补足语,该句使用了“have + 宾语 +宾补”结构,该句中,宾语it与所给提示词
polish之间为被动关系,所以应用过去分词作宾补,故填polished。
31. to
【解析】考查介词。句意:很少有人能长期坚持一种饮食。根据句意可知,此处意为“坚持”,应用短语
stick to。故填to。
32. to
【解析】考查介词。句意:你通过努力而擅长一些事情的原理适用于你的功课。apply to为固定短语,意
为“适用于……;对……有效”。故填to。33. broke
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:老师告诉我们第二次世界大战于1939年爆发。break out为固定搭配,意为
“爆发”,第二次世界大战发生在过去,用一般过去时。故填broke。
34. to
【解析】考查介词。句意:新法律没有提到用于耕种的土地。refer to为固定搭配,意为“提到”。故填
to。
35. to
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:沉闷的戏剧在这些年轻人的表演中真正了起来。固定词组:come to life复
苏,故答案为to。
36. true
【解析】考查固定短语。句意;“我们的愿望已经实现了。”教练说,中国女孩赢得世界杯排球冠军。
Come true变成现实,故答案为true。
37. off
【解析】句意:朝鲜正在进行地下核爆炸试验,这在国际上引起辩论。set off引起,出发,使爆炸,故答
案为off。
38. to
【解析】考查介词。句意:像恐龙这样的动物灭绝了,因为它们不能适应气候的突然变化。句中adapt to
为固定搭配,意为“适应”,故填to。
39. out
【解析】考查动词短语。句意:尽管删掉你文章中无用的信息。根据句中的“the useless information” 可知,
此处指“删除”,应用短语cut out。 故填out。
40. off
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:在医院住了六个月后,他感到自己与外界隔绝了。cut off from (脱离、断绝
来往)。故填off。
41. up
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:他是放弃了,还是在继续努力?结合句意可知用give up表示“放弃”。故
填up。
42. down over
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:他拒绝了我的建议,把生意交给了他女儿。结合句意可知第一空表达“拒
绝”用动词短语turn down,第二空结合空格后的“the business to his daughter”,可知表示“把……移交给……”用turn over。故填①down ②over。
43. out
【解析】考查动词短语。句意:如果你喜欢那部电影,你应该看看导演的其他电影。check out是固定短语,
意为“了解清楚;核实”,符合句意。故填out。
44. for
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:如果他们重视这些数据,你就让他们为此付出代价。固定短语 pay for 表
示“付出代价”,其中动词 pay后搭配介词for。故填for。
45. into
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:天气干燥了很长时间,森林随时可能起火。固定短语 burst into 表示“突
然爆发”,burst into flames 表示“突然爆发火灾”,其中动词burst 后搭配介词into 。故填into 。
46. up
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:我们向协会要求退款,但他们不肯付款。句中 pay up为固定搭配,意为
“全部付清”。故填up。
47. down
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:如果你按照这些步骤并尝试积极与父母沟通,那么你很快就能打破你们之
间的隔阂。 break down 为固定短语,译为“打破”,故填down。
48. out
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:欧洲上空乌云密布。战争很快就要爆发了。句中break out为固定搭配,意
为“爆发”。故填out。
49. eye
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:那男孩大声说话以引起老师的注意。catch one’s eye是固定短语,eye用单
数即可,意为“引起某人的注意”。故填eye。
50. for
【解析】考查介词。句意:他们甚至都没有练习来为比赛做准备。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要表
示“为了”对应的介词for,动词短语prepare for表示“为……作准备”的意思。故填for。
二、
1
51. impossible 52. went 53. annoyed 54. that/which 55. a 56. fitness 57. to 58. and 59.
comparing 60. myself
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章主要描述了作者自己健身的经历、健身前后的变化以及对健康的感悟。
51. 考查形容词。句意:我一直想看起来像电视上的苗条女孩,尽管我知道这是不可能的。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要形容词作表语,表示“不可能的”意思。故填impossible。
52. 考查谓语动词。句意:我试过不吃脂肪,低脂,只吃香蕉,不吃香蕉——我也差不多快疯了。分析句
子结构和意思可知,这句话描述的是过去的事实,所以谓语用一般过去时。故填went。
53. 考查形容词。句意:当我读到一篇文章上说,不要问“我胖吗?”我应该问“我健康吗?”时,我感
到非常生气。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要形容词,作表语,表示“生气的,恼怒的”意思,修饰
人,说明人的感受。故填annoyed。
54. 考查定语从句。句意:见第3题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知, 4 said instead of asking
“Am I fat?” I should be asking “Am I fit?”是定语从句,先行词是article,在从句中作主语,指物。故填that /
which。
55. 考查冠词。句意:我竟然不知道一个字母能够有这么大的不同。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里考查
动词短语make a difference,表示“使不同,有影响”的意思。故填a。
56. 考查名词。句意:一旦我开始考虑健康而不是体重时,事情就开始改变了。分析句子结构和意思可知,
这里需要名词,表示“健康”的意思,是不可数名词,在介词about后作宾语。故填fitness。
57. 考查动词短语。句意:我没有减少我喜欢的食物,而是增加了健康的食物。分析句子结构和意思可知,
这里考查动词短语add… to…,表示“把……添加到……”的意思。故填to。
58. 考查固定搭配。句意:我仍然可以时不时地吃一个汉堡,但我会加一份沙拉或一个苹果。分析句子结
构和意思可知,这里考查固定搭配now and then,意为“偶尔,时而不时”。故填and。
59. 考查非谓语动词。句意:最后,我停止了与女演员和模特比较,停止寻找我的脸或身体有问题的地方。
分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要动名词作宾语,stop doing,表示“停止做……”的意思。故填
comparing。
60. 考查反身代词。句意:相反,我列出了自己身上喜欢的东西。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要在
介词about后作宾语,与主语指代相同,要用反身代词。故填myself。
2
61. a 62. but 63. where 64. education 65. founded 66. to break 67. on 68. unequally 69.
achievements 70. given
【解析】这是一篇记叙文,文章主要介绍了中国物理学家吴健雄。
61. 考查不定冠词。句意:2022年9月中旬,为纪念核物理学家吴健雄诞辰110周年,举行了一个全球网
络会议。conference会议,是可数名词,此处泛指“一个全球网络会议”,应用不定冠词。global首字母的
发音为辅音音素。故填a。
62. 考查并列连词。句意:与Marie Curie等物理学家相比,吴在中国或美国都不是一个家喻户晓的名字,但她是20世纪最有影响力的核物理学家之一。结合句意可知,前后句是转折关系,应用连词 but。故填
but。
63. 考查定语从句。句意:1912年5月31日出生在长江入东海的太仓市浏河镇。分析句子可知,空处引导
非限制性定语从句,先行词是Liuhe town, Taicang,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where。故
填where。
64. 考查名词。句意:吴健雄的父亲吴忠义在上海接受了现代教育,并于1913年在太仓创办了第一所女子
学校。此处应填名词作received的宾语,education教育。故填education。
65. 考查过去分词。句意同上。根据时间状语“in 1913”可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,
故填founded。
66. 考查动词不定式。句意:他的目标是打破旧的性别歧视主张,即没有天赋是女性的美德。aim to do sth
目标是做某事,故此处用动词不定式,故填to break。
67. 考查介词。句意:父亲吸收了西方思想的优点,又吸收了中国文化中深深扎根的伟大思想,对吴健雄
的一生影响最为深远。have an influence on对……有影响,固定搭配。故填on。
68. 考查副词。句意:她在男性主导的科学领域工作,即使受到不平等的待遇,她也从不放弃或降低自己
的标准。此处用副词形式修饰动词treated。故填unequally。
69. 考查名词复数。句意:在她44年的核物理学家职业生涯中,她的伟大成就为她赢得了“中国的居里夫
人”等绰号。achievement成就,可数名词,此处应用复数表示泛指,故填achievements。
70. 考查过去分词。句意:她是美国物理学会的首位女性主席,也是美国国家科学院颁发的科姆斯托克物
理学奖的首位女性获奖者。动词give和female winner之间是动宾关系,应用过去分词作后置定语。故填
given。
3
71. that/which 72. the loudest 73. is encouraged 74. can 75. that 76. uncomfortable 77. to make 78.
to 79. because/as 80. covered
【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍日本人吃东西时喜欢发出滋滋声的文化,引起游客的不适,因此相关措施
被提出,但也有人质疑有没有这个必要。
71. 考查定语从句。句意:一提到日本,你可能会想到它是一个欣赏沉默和礼貌美德的国家,然而当谈到
吃面条时,日本人民可能是世界上最大声的,这种反差会让你觉得很有趣。关系词指代先行词 a nation 并
在定语从句中作主语,故填that/which。
72. 考查形容词最高级。句意同上。分析句子可知,空格后有范围 in the world “全世界”,此处用形容词
最高级作表语。故填the loudest。73. 考查时态语态。句意:根据生活方式网站grapee.jp,滋滋作响地吃面在日本文化中是被鼓励的。分析
句子可知,此处encourage“鼓励”为谓语动词,其与主语slurping“滋滋作响”构成被动关系,且陈述的是
客观事实,应使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is encouraged。
74. 考查情态动词。句意:人们相信,将空气吸入嘴里可以增强面条的风味,并有助于面条冷却。分析句
子可知,此处主语从句谓语动词为enhance“增强”,因为本句话表述的是将空气吸入嘴巴的作用,故可添
加情态动词can,表示能够起到这个作用,故填can。
75. 考查强调句。句意:直到去年社交媒体上出现了一个新的表达方式——“面条骚扰”,或日语中的
“hu hara”,日本民众才开始意识到,这种滋滋作响的噪音让一些外国游客感到不舒服。分析句子可知,此
句使用了not until的强调句结构it was not until...that...,强调时间状语“直到去年”。故填that。
76. 考查形容词。句意:直到去年社交媒体上出现了一个新的表达方式——“面条骚扰”,或日语中的
“hu hara”,日本民众才开始意识到,这种滋滋作响的噪音让一些外国游客感到不舒服。分析句子可知,对
国外的游客造成了“面条骚扰”,这说明对游客而言,这个声音令人不舒服,故形容词comfortable“舒服
的”需要改为反义词。故填uncomfortable。
77. 考查不定式。句意:当一个使用刀叉的人开始发出滋滋声,刀叉会给这个人的手机传递信号,让手机
播放声音,以掩饰滋滋声。分析句子可知,此处需要使用不定式表示上文“传递信号”的目的。故填to
make。
78. 考查介词。句意:据《欧洲新闻》报道,该公司表示:“叉子是解决‘面条骚扰’问题的一种方法,
随着访日游客人数的增加,尤其如此。”分析句子可知,此处需要填写介词to,构成the solution to“解
决……的办法”。故填to。
79. 考查原因状语从句。句意:比如,在印度,人们用手抓饭吃,因为他们认为这样做他们能建立起一个
和食物的联系。分析句子可知,此处需要填从属连词because或者as引导原因状语从句,指出印度人那手
抓饭吃的原因。故填because/as。
80. 考查过去分词。句意:然而,习惯用器皿吃饭的人可能会觉得手上沾满油和食物会很不舒服。分析句
子可知,空格处填写过去分词covered,表示“手被油腻和食品残渣覆盖”。故填covered。
4
81. an 82. friendships 83. who/that 84. personality 85. has passed 86. approaching 87. more 88. to
gain 89. Obviously 90. and
【解析】这是一篇说明文。《老友记》不仅能帮你学习英语,还能帮你了解友谊,它的特别续篇《老友记:
团圆》于5月27日在网上播出。
81. 考查不定冠词。句意:在英语中,有一句流行的谚语:天下没有不散的宴席。come to an end结束,固定短语,end的发音是以元音音素开头,故填an。
82. 考查可数名词复数。句意:《老友记》中六人美好的东西——友谊永远不会结束。根据“between
them”可知,此处指他们之间的友谊,friendship 友谊,此处用作可数名词,用名词复数形式,故填
friendships。
83. 考查定语从句。句意:这部电视剧讲述了瑞秋、罗斯、莫妮卡、钱德勒、菲比和乔伊六个年轻人来到
纽约寻找爱情、成功和乐趣的故事。该空引导定语从句,先行词是six young people,指人,关系词在从句
中作主语,用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。
84. 考查名词。句意:他们每个人都有不同的性格。由a可知,此处应填名词单数,指“每个人性格不
同”,personality性格,可数名词,故填personality。
85. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:距离《老友记》最后一季的播出已经过去了17年。结合since引导的时
间状语可知,时态用现在完成时,“Seventeen years”作主语视为一个整体,谓语用单数形式。故填has
passed。
86. 考查动名词。句意:粉丝们一直期待着六个朋友在荧幕上的重聚。look forward to doing sth.期待做某事,
to是介词,approach用动名词形式。故填approaching。
87. 考查形容词的比较级。句意:但是你可以从《老友记》那里学到更多的东西。结合 than可知,此处应
用much的比较级more。故填more。
88. 考查动词不定式。句意:它可以教会我们所有人如何获得持久的友谊。此处是特殊疑问词后接动词不
定式结构,how to gain如何获得,故填to gain。
89. 考查副词。句意:Rachel曾经说:“很显然,在20世纪90年代,没有手机,有的只是朋友坐在一起
聊天。”此处应用副词作状语,修饰后面句子,首字母应大写。故填Obviously。
90. 考查连词。句意同上。结合句意可知,siting around和chatting together是并列关系,用并列连词and。
故填 and。
5
91. Although/Though/While 92. its 93. producing 94. height 95. launched 96. weighs 97.
heaviest 98. has been 99. who 100. in
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国宇航员已经在天宫空间站上成功种植了水稻幼苗,以及它的
意义。
91. 考查状语从句连接词。句意:虽然在太空中也有过其他的水稻试验,但在天宫上进行的这次试验是这
种类型的第一次。分析句子结构可知,“there have been other rice experiments in space”与“the one being
conducted on Tiangong is the first of (it) kind.”两句间是转折关系,应填Although或者Though或者While意为“虽然,尽管”之意,引导让步状语从句。故填Although/Though/While。
92. 考查代词。句意:虽然在太空中也有过其他的水稻试验,但在天宫上进行的这次试验是这种类型的第
一次。分析句子结构可知,空后是名词kind,所以空处应填形容词修饰,it应该它的形容词性物主代词
its。故填its。
93. 考查非谓语动词。句意:它从种子开始,到成熟的植物产生新种子结束。分析句子机构可知,本句已
有谓语动词begins和ends,所以produce应该用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是plant,两者间是主动关系,
此处应是现在分词做后置定语。故填producing。
94. 考查名词。句意:现在,高茎水稻品种的幼苗已经长到约30厘米高。分析句子机构可知,空前是介词
at,所以空处应填名词,high的名词形式是height。故填height。
95. 考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的问天空间实验室于 7月24日发射,一天后与中国空间站的天河核心舱
对接。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词 docked,所以launch应该用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是
China’s Wentian space lab,两者间是被动关系,所以应该用过去分词表被动作定语。故填launched。
96. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:该空间实验室重23吨,高17.9米,是我国迄今为止最大、最重的航
天器。分析句子机构可知,本句是which引导的非限制性定语从句,从句缺少谓语动词,所以 weigh做从
句谓语,它的主语是which代指the space lab,为第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数,陈述的是客观事实,所
以用一般现在时。故填weighs。
97. 考查形容词。句意:该空间实验室重23吨,高17.9米,是我国迄今为止最大、最重的航天器。分析句
子结构可知,空处和空前的 largest并列,所以应该保持形式一致,空处也用形容词的最高级。故填
heaviest。
98. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:自太空探索早期以来,大米就一直是宇航员的主食。分析句子结构
可知,本句缺少谓语动词,所以be做本句谓语,再根据since为现在完成时的标志,所以应该用现在完成
时,主语是rice,为第三人称单数。故填has been。
99. 考查定语从句关系词。句意:1969年7月,阿波罗11号任务的美国宇航员首次登上月球,他们在太空
旅行中吃的是冻干鸡肉和米饭。分析句子结构可知,空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,从句缺少主语,应
该用关系代词引导,先行词是astronauts,指人,应该用who引导。故填who。
100. 考查介词。句意:1969年7月,阿波罗11号任务的美国宇航员首次登上月球,他们在太空旅行中吃
的是冻干鸡肉和米饭。分析句子结构可知,此处表达“在太空中”之意,前应用介词in。故填in。
6
101. and 102. to study 103. a 104. be needed 105. themselves 106. protection 107. which/that 108.
humans 109. getting 110. probably【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了鱼和人类不同,没有眼睑,但鱼以某种方式睡觉。
101. 考查连词。句意:即使是睡眠也是你和鱼的区别。between…and…(在……和……之间)。故填and。
102. 考查不定式。句意:据科学家所知,尽管研究鱼的大脑很困难,但在某种程度上鱼确实会睡眠。it是
形式主语,study用不定式形式做真正主语。故填to study。
103. 考查冠词。句意:据科学家所知,尽管研究鱼的大脑很困难,但在某种程度上鱼确实会睡眠。in a
way (在某种程度上)。故填a。
104. 考查语态。句意:为了让鱼脑放松,可能不需要眼皮。主语eyelids和谓语动词need是被动关系,结
合情态动词may可知,用情态动词的被动语态may be done形式。故填be needed。
105. 考查反身代词。句意:另一些鱼则躲在沙子里,或者在它们的防御系统休息时制造一层保护物来抵御
捕食者。主语 Others 和宾语 them 都是指代同一事物“鱼们”,宾语用反身代词 themselves。故填
themselves。
106. 考查名词。句意:另一些鱼则躲在沙子里,或者在它们的防御系统休息时制造一层保护物来抵御捕食
者。抽象名词protection作介词as的宾语。故填protection。
107. 考查定语从句关系词。句意:而鲨鱼,即使是那些不断游动的鲨鱼,在活动的间隙也有休息的时间。
该空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是the kinds,指物,从句中缺乏主语,用关系代词which/that。故填
which/that。
108. 考查名词的数。句意:眼睑通过防止眼睛干燥等方式帮助我们人类。该空是us的同位语,结合us可
知,用可数名词human的复数形式。故填humans。
109. 考查动名词。句意:眼睑通过防止眼睛干燥等方式帮助我们人类。keep sb./sth. from doing sth. (阻止某
人/物做某事),get用动名词形式,主动形式。故填getting。
110. 考查副词。句意:但对于生活在水中的动物来说,眼睛干涩可能不是问题。副词probably作状语,修
饰整个句子。故填probably。
7
111. On 112. anxiety 113. the 114. making 115. to do 116. which 117. annoying 118. her 119.
or 120. would make
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述作者第一天上学的情况。
111. 考查介词。句意:第一天,她感到焦虑,不确定自己能否给人留下好的第一印象。分析句子结构和意
思可知,这里是时间名词the first day,前面用介词on。故填On。
112. 考查名词。句意:见第1题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要名词,作介词of的宾语,表示
“焦虑”的意思,是不可数名词。故填anxiety。113. 考查冠词。句意:她的第一节数学课很难,但老师和蔼可亲,给他们讲了一个有趣的故事,让学生们
笑了起来。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里指上文提到的数学课的老师,是特指。故填the。
114. 考查非谓语动词。句意:见第3题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里要用现在分词形式,作结果
状语,表示自然而然的结果。故填making。
115. 考查非谓语动词。句意:那天下午,他们去了科学实验室做实验。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里要
用动词不定式,作目的状语。故填to do。
116. 考查定语从句。句意:然而,一个男生一直试图和她说话,这让她无法进行实验。分析句子结构和意
思可知, 6 made her unable to carry out the experiment是非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面整个主
句的内容,在从句中做主语,用which引导。故填which。
117. 考查形容词。句意:这真是太烦人了,她甚至想告诉他别管她。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要
形容词,表示“令人烦恼的”意思,作表语。故填annoying。
118. 考查代词。句意:见第7题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里考查代词宾格作动词leave的宾语。
故填her。
119. 考查连词。句意:她一点也不觉得尴尬或害怕了。分析句子结构和意思可知,awkward和frightened
是并列的关系,在否定句中,用并列连词or。故填or。
120. 考查谓语动词。句意:虽然她想念以前的朋友,但她相信自己会交到新朋友。分析句子结构和意思可
知,这里考查的是动词 believed的宾语从句的谓语动词,表示过去将来的动作,用过去将来时。故填
would make。
8
121. an 122. was completed 123. who/that 124. oceans 125. weighs 126. However 127.
carries 128. on 129. broken 130. amazing
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍自由女神像的一些背景知识。
121. 考查冠词。句意:自由女神像是一座国际知名的自由象征,于 1886年落成,无疑是一座令人印象深
刻的建筑。根据句意可知,symbol表“象征” ,这里表泛指,且internationally-known 为元音音素开头的
单词。故填an。
122. 考查时态语态。句意:自由女神像是一座国际知名的自由象征,于 1886年落成,无疑是一座令人印
象深刻的建筑。分析句子可知,此空应填谓语动词,时态用一般过去时,且 internationally-known symbol
of freedom和complete为被动关系。故填was completed。
123. 考查定语从句。句意:雕像是一位身穿飘逸长袍的女性。分析句子可知,这里考查定语从句,先行词
为a woman ,为人,且在从句中作主语。故填who/that。124. 考查名词复数。句意:她头上有一顶由七个尖刺组成的王冠,代表着七大洋和七大洲。分析句子可知,
基数词seven后应加可数名词复数。故填oceans。
125. 考查时态。句意:这尊雕像重45万磅,高152英尺。分析句子可知,此空应填谓语动词,时态保持
和后面一致用一般现在时,且The statue和weigh为主动关系。故填weighs。
126. 考查副词。句意:然而,这座雕像看起来要大得多,因为它矗立在大约150英尺高的基座上。分析句
子可知,此空前后两句为转折关系,并应填副词作状语修饰后面句子,且此空位于句首,首字母应大写。
故填However。
127. 考查时态。句意:她左手拿着一块平板,封面上写着“1776年7月4日”,这是国家的生日。分析句
子可知,此空应填谓语动词,时态保持和前一句一致用一般现在时,且 she和carry为主动关系。故填
carries。
128. 考查介词。句意:她左手拿着一块平板,封面上写着“1776年7月4日”,这是国家的生日。分析句
子可知,此空应填介词,on its cover表“在封面上”,为常用表达。故填on。
129. 考查形容词。句意:她的脚上挂着断裂的锁链,象征着对自由的逃避。分析句子可知,此空应填形容
词作定语修饰后面名词chains。broken表“断裂的”,为形容词,符合句意。故填broken。
130. 考查形容词。句意:自由女神像是一座令人惊叹的纪念碑。此空应填形容词作定语修饰后面名词
monument。amazing表“令人惊叹的”,为形容词,符合句意。故填amazing。
9
131. on 132. which/that 133. appeared 134. more 135. were called 136. gladly 137. giving 138.
Hundreds 139. myself 140. to help
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了消防队员和志愿者努力扑灭重庆山火的事迹,并且作者也想为此
尽一份力。
131. 考查介词。句意:和大多数重庆人一样,我觉得我必须帮助阻止火势蔓延,特别是在8月21日晚上
我在家里闻到浓烟之后。 根据句意和空格后的the evening of Aug. 21可知,具体到某一天的晚上,应该用
介词on。故填on。
132. 考查定语从句。句意:浓烟被认为是当天下午在附近巴南地区爆发的野火所致。空格后的部分是一个
限制性定语从句,先行词是wildfire,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that
或which。
133. 考查时态。句意:那天晚上,在距离我家40公里的北碚地区的山上出现了一场大火。空格处是该句
子的谓语部分,根据时间状语that night可知,应用一般过去时。故填appeared。
134. 考查比较级。句意:虽然来自三省的森林消防部队已经抵达,但我们的政府需要更多的公众帮助。根据句意和以及句中的although可知,空格处应该填入much的比较级,表示“需要更多的帮助”。故填
more。
135. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:志愿者被召集到城市不同的火场。空格处是该句子的谓语部分,
该句子的主语volunteers和动词call之间是被动关系,所以句子应该用被动语态;根据语境可知,该句子也
应该用一般过去时;因为句子的主语是复数形式 volunteers,所以谓语动词应该用复数形式。故填were
called。
136. 考查副词。句意:许多人高兴地去提供帮助。根据句意和所给形容词glad分析句子可知,空格处应该
填入glad的副词形式gladly作状语,修饰后面的动词went。故填gladly。
137. 考查非谓语动词。句意:他们把东西带到收集点,但没有透漏他们的姓名。 空格处应该填入 give的
动名词形式giving,作介词without的宾语。故填giving。
138. 考查固定搭配。句意:数百名有技术和经验的人报名成为志愿者。根据句意可知,此处是固定搭配
hundreds of (数以百计的;许多),表示概数。故填Hundreds。
139. 考查代词。句意:我问自己我能帮上什么忙。该句子的主语和宾语是同一人,所以应该用反身代词作
宾语。故填myself。
140. 考查非谓语动词。句意:我决定尽我所能帮助那些辛勤工作的志愿者,包括给他们送冰果茶。根据句
意可知,空格处应该用不定式to help,作目的状语。故填to help。
10
141. more 142. countries 143. are 144. strength 145. valuing 146. in 147. are caused 148.
who/that 149. a 150. to respect
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如今的社会更加多样化,我们应该重视差异,尊重差异,对差
异持开放态度,努力创造一个和平的世界。
141. 考查副词比较级。句意:如今,我们的教室、邻里和社区比以往任何时候都更加多样化。根据下文中
的than可知,此处应该用much的比较级形式。故填more。
142. 考查名词复数。句意:来自不同国家和不同文化的人继续分布在世界各地。根据上文中的 different可
知,此处应该用country的复数形式。故填countries。
143. 考查主谓一致。句意:不同的肤色、语言、身体能力和服装是我们每天经历的多样性的一些类型。分
析句式结构可知,该句主语是多个名词构成的,故此处谓语动词应该用复数形式。故填are。
144. 考查词性转换。句意:正如玛雅·安杰洛所说:“在多样性中存在着美和力量。”分析句式结构可知,
and在此处连接两个名词,故应该用strong的名词形式。故填strength。
145. 考查固定搭配。句意:这意味着尊重他人,向他人学习,重视我们的差异,发现我们的共同点。mean在此处意为“意味着”,故用动词-ing形式作宾语,构成固定搭配mean doing sth。故填valuing。
146. 考查介词。句意:同上。此处用固定短语have......in common意为“在……有共同之处”符合语境。
故填in。
147. 考查被动语态。句意:宽容的反义词是封闭思想。争论、打架和战争都是由于不时的封闭思想造成的。
根据下文中的from time to time和主语和谓语之间的被动关系可知,此处应该用一般现在时的被动语态。故
填are caused。
148. 考查定语从句。句意:相比之下,对差异持开放态度的人将创造一个更和平的世界,并在教育、工作
或友谊方面拥有更好的生活机会。分析句式结构可知,此处是先行词为 humans的定语从句,先行词指人
且从句中缺少主语,所以用关系代词who/that来引导定语从句。故填who/that。
149. 考查冠词。句意:所以拥有宽容会让我们的生活变得更好,让世界变得更美好。根据句意可知,此处
应该用不定冠词a修饰名词place,表泛指。故填a。
150. 考查固定搭配。句意:差异是人类的精神,我们应该学会尊重它。learn作及物动词时,其后可接动
词不定式作宾语,构成固定搭配learn to do sth。故填to respect。