文档内容
专题 07 名词
备考 2023 年高考英语二轮复习讲练测--测
（解析版）
考试时间：30分钟； 共三大题 满分：60分
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子（每题1.5分，共15分）
1.(广西南宁市第三中学2022-2023学年上学期期中考试) The rapid-intervention police force is better armed than
the reserve’s normal rangers(护林员) and has ____44____(right) to arrest suspected poachers.
【答案】rights
【解析】考查名词单复数。句意：同上。right作为名词，表“权利”之意，是可数名词，分析句子可知，right
需使用复数rights表达泛指“多项权利”。故填rights。
2.(河北省唐山市开滦第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考) It is, in the broadest sense, the backbone of
many classroom ___38___ (activity).
【答案】activities
【解析】考查名词的复数。句意：从最广泛的意义上说，他们是许多课堂活动的支柱。根据形容词many可知
此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。
3.(河北省唐山市开滦第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考)Do you have a library in your classroom? If
you consider a classroom library as a welcoming space where students can read quietly or browse(浏览) through a
rich ___37___ (collect) of texts, you are only partly correct.
【答案】collection【解析】考查名词。句意：如果你认为教室图书馆是一个温馨舒适的空间，学生可以安静地阅读或浏览丰富的
文本，你只对了一部分。根据形容词 rich可知此处要用名词，a collection of“集……于一体，一些”。故填
collection。
4.(黑龙江省大庆铁人中学 2022-2023 学年高三上学期第一次月考)Venues located in universities will stage
___45___(variety) of sports events, improving their utilization (使用) beyond their daily use in students’ education.
【答案】varieties
【解析】考查名词。句意：位于大学里的场馆将会举办各种各样的体育比赛。固定短语 varieties of 意为：各
种各样的。故填varieties。
5. .Everyone desires to succeed.However,there is no shortcut to _______1____(succeed).
【答案】success
【解析】考查词性的变化。句意：成功没有捷径。句式There is no short cut to中，to是介词，故填success.
6. He dropped out of university in his _____4_____(twenty)，but he always attended many_____5___(class) and
grabbed every chance to study.
【答案】twenties
【解析】考查可数名词复数的变化。句意：他在二十几岁的时候辍学。短语 in one’s twenties在某人二十几岁
的时候，故填twenties.
7. When he designed the products of iPod and iPhone，he made great _______7____(effort) to realize his ideas.He
suffered one failure after another before he eventually succeeded.
【答案】efforts
【解析】考查可数名词复数的变化。句意：他为实现他的想法作出了很大努力。短语 make an effort或者make
great efforts付出努力，故填efforts.
8. (北京市中关村中学2022-2023学年高三上学期9月统练一英语试题) Xuan paper, known as one of the Four
Treasures of Study, first came into ___1___ (exist) in Xuan Prefecture in the Tang Dynasty.
【答案】existence
【解析】考查名词。句意：宣纸，被称为文房四宝之一，最早出现在唐代的宣州。根据前面的Into可知横线上
应填一个名词来作介词into的宾语。故填existence。
9.（浙江省嘉兴市第一中学 2022-2023 学年高三上学期期中检测）Many artists also shared their
____61____(enthusiastic) for Chinese mythology, literature and martial arts in their designs.
【答案】enthusiasm
【解析】考查名词。句意：许多艺术家也在他们的设计中分享了他们对中国神话、文学和武术的热情。作宾语，
应用名词enthusiasm，不可数。故填enthusiasm。10.(湖北省重点高中智学联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期10月联考) It took villagers four hours to make a round
trip to buy daily ____59____ (necessary) outside the village, given that no roads were accessible except for a narrow
pass along the cliff’s edge.
【答案】necessities
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：村民们到村外赶集购买生活必需品往返需要花四个小时，因为除了一条挂在悬
崖峭壁上的羊肠小道外，没有道路可通行。句子结构分析可知，设空处在句中作宾语，necessary的名词
necessity“必需品”符合句意，necessity意为“必需品”时是可数名词，在句中为复数概念，所以用复数形式。
故填necessities。
二、单句改错 （每句话有一处错误，每小题1分，共15分）
1．Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they’re of the same age and can understand
each other.
2．I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals.
3．To everyone’s surprising, the ball went into the net.
4．Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do.
5．I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.
6．Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.
7．After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.
8．The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turn left!”
9．Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.
10．My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.
11．The son started these amazing trips with his father because the father got cancer-----a serious ill.
12．My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass.
13.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
14.Recent study show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.
15.Going to Cambridge University was a dream of mine, for it is one of the top university in the world.
【答案】
1．friend→friends 2 ． dish→dishes 3 ． surprising→surprise 4 ． job→jobs 5 ． city→cities 6 ．
chicken→chickens 7．sort→sorts 8．word→words 9．informations→information 10．honest→honesty
11.ill改为illness 12.side改为sides 13.airs改为air 14.study改为studies 15.university改为universities
【解析】1.考查名词复数形式。句意：许多学生说他们会和他们的朋友或同学聊天，因为他们同龄，可以互相理解。由
or classmates可知，此处为名词复数形式，构成选择关系。故将friend改为friends。
2．考查固定短语。句意：饭后我总是帮助父母洗碗。do the dishes“洗碗”为固定短语。故将dish改为dishes。
3．考查名词。句意：令每个人惊讶的是，球进了网。To one’s surprise“令某人惊讶的是”为固定短语可知，此
处为名词形式。故将surprising改为surprise。
4．考查名词复数形式。句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我就在考虑我想做的不同的工作。由 different可知，
此处为名词复数形式。故将job改为jobs。
5．考查名词复数形式。句意：我希望在许多不同的城市拥有连锁咖啡馆。由 different可知，此处为名词复数
形式。故将city改为cities。
6．考查名词复数形式。句意：去年冬天我再去的时候，他们有一间大房子，可以养几十只鸡。根据句意可知，
此处chicken作为鸡的数量来理解，为可数名词。故将chicken改为chickens。
7．考查名词复数形式。句意：晚饭后，我们会在客厅里玩各种纸牌游戏。由card games可知，此处为名词复
数形式，all sorts“各种各样的”修饰名词复数形式。故将sort改为sorts。
8．考查名词复数形式。句意：教练不停地重复着“加速！””“慢下来！”“向左转！”由““Speed up!”
“Slow down!” “Turn left!””为三句话可知，此处word为复数形式。故将word改为words。
9．考查不可数名词。句意：此外，他们经常从互联网上得到一些有用的信息。Information“信息”为不可数名
词。故将informations改为information。
10．考查名词。句意：我叔叔告诉我他成功的关键是诚实。根据the key to his success“成功的秘诀”可知，此
处为名词的填入，指代该秘诀，关键。故将honest改为honesty。
11.考查名词。句意：儿子与他的父亲开始这些惊人的旅行，因为父亲得了癌症——一个严重的疾病。该空需
要填名词作cancer的同位语。故将ill改为illness。
12. 前面有three修饰，故side要用复数形式sides。
13.由后面的定语从句“we breathe in”可知，此处先行词的意思是“空气”，air意为“空气”时为不可数名词。
故airs改为air。
14.谓语动词为复数形式，故用名词study的复数形式。
15. one of后面跟名词的复数形式。词尾以辅音字母加y结尾，变复数时将辅音字母变y，再加es
三、语篇填空 （每空1.5分，共30分）
用单词的适当形式完成下面两篇短文
Passage 1
When I was 5, I had a very serious disease, ____1____ made me lose my speech. The doctor told my mother
that I would never be able to speak well again or learn another language. My mother, however, was a fighter(斗士). Shewouldn’t give up ____2____ (easy). Instead, she sent me to many ____3____ (teach). Finally, she sent me to Maria.
She believed in me and ____4____ (think) that I would speak again. ____5____ most amazing thing was that she
taught me to read by mouth. I spent hours in front of the mirror(镜子) ____6____ (repeat) every word that I had learnt.
My efforts paid off(得到回报) and I leant ____7____ (speak) my native language, Spanish. Now，I am studying
another language, English.
Mother gave me lots of ____8____ (encourage) when I was a child. I'll always remember the beautiful words
____9___ she said to me. "You have done something nobody thought you could do. You have made an impossible
dream come true. I will always be proud of you，and you will always be ____10____ (me) hero(英雄).【答案】
1．which 2 ． easily 3 ． teachers 4 ． thought 5 ． The 6 ． repeating 7 ． to speak 8 ．
encouragement 9．that/which 10．My
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者五岁的时候，得了一种很严重的疾病，失去了说话的能力，但是
母亲没有放弃，给作者找老师，后来作者学会了西班牙语和英语。
1．考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。句意：当我五岁的时候，我得了一种很严重的疾病，使我失去了说话的
能力。逗号后是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺主语，先行词disease指物，因此空格处用关系代词which，故填
which。
2．考查副词。句意：她不会轻易放弃的。空格处用副词修饰动词短语 give up，easy的副词是easily，意
为“轻易地”，故填easily。
3．考查名词的复数。句意：相反，她把我送到许多老师那里。many后跟复数，空格处指人，应是teachers，
故填teachers。
4．考查时态。句意：她相信我，认为我会再说话。分析可知，and前后时态一致，前面是believed，因此时态
是一般过去时，空格处也是过去式thought，故填thought。
5．考查定冠词。句意：最令人惊奇的是，她教我口述阅读。most是最高级，前面需加定冠词the，位于句
首，首字母大写，故填The。
6．考查动名词和固定短语。句意：我花了几个小时在镜子前重复我学过的每一个单词。spend some time doing
sth.是固定短语，意为“花费时间做某事”，因此空格处用动名词作宾语，故填repeating。
7．考查不定式和固定短语。句意：我的努力得到了回报，我学会了说我的母语西班牙语。learn to do sth.是固
定短语，意为“学习做某事”，因此空格处是不定式，故填to speak。
8．考查名词。句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，妈妈给了我很多鼓励。lots of后跟名词，encourage的名词是
encouragement，意为“鼓励”，作为“鼓励”讲是不可数名词，故填encouragement。
9．考查定语从句引导词。句意：我将永远记住她对我说的那些漂亮的话。空格处引导定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，先行词words是物，因此空格处用关系代词that/which，故填that/which。
10．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我永远为你骄傲，你永远是我的英雄。分析可知，hero和所给词之间是所
属关系，因此空格处意为“我的”，因此空格处用形容词性物主代词my，故填my。
Passage 2
Taking the volunteer trip to the Wildlife Sanctuary project was something I had wanted to do for several years.
Unfortunately, I was busy with work. As ___11___ result, it was always something that I might do eventually rather
than actually doing. Then, I decided it had ___12__ (happen) because it was of great importance to me. I made
preparations, booked my trip and slightly hesitantly headed off to the airport.
Literally after one day of volunteering, I was already regretting only having two weeks to stay. Every day was
amazing and full of wonderful ___13___(experience). The days flew by because we were so busy working on the farm,
hanging out and making new friends, and ___14___ (learn) about the wildlife in a hands-on manner. In reality, the
actual project was exciting and the people I met were similarly incredible. ___15___ is crazy that in just a few weeks
you can develop friendships that seem like you ___16___ (have) for years. Leaving can make people sad, but still, I
cannot recommend the trip enough to anyone ___17__ is considering it. I'm sure they will fall in love with it. Besides,
volunteering can be really ___18__ (benefit) to people.
___19___ (arrive) home, I always miss my days that were filled with things related to South Africa. I find myself
___20___ (constant) looking back at photos. I look forward to taking another trip.【答案】
11 ． a 12 ． to happen 13 ． experiences 14 ． learning 15 ． It 16 ． have had 17 ． who 18 ．
beneficial 19．Having arrived 20．constantly
【详解】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者作为野生动物志愿者的经历以及参加志愿工作之后的感受。
11.考查冠词。句意：结果，这总是一些我最终可能会去做的事情，而不是真正去做的事情。根据固定短语 as a
result（结果）可知，空格处填a 。
12.考查固定结构。句意：后来我决定这件事必须发生。根据have to do (必须做，不得不做）可知空格处填to
happen。
13.考查名词。句意：每一天都是精彩的，充满了奇妙的经历。根据语境可知，有不同的经历，因此要用名词
复数。故填experiences。
14.考查现在分词。句意：日子过得飞快，我们忙着工作，闲逛，交友，了解野生动物。根据be busy doing (忙
于做某事）可知，本句busy后跟四个并列的v+ing形式。即：working，hanging out ， making ，learning 。
故空格处填learning。
15.考查形式主语。句意：在短短的几周内，你就可以建立起多年的友谊，这真是太疯狂了。本题考查It is +adj
+that 从句，其中It是形式主语；that 从句是真正的主语。故填It。
16.考查时态。句意：在短短的几周内，你就可以建立起多年的友谊，这真是太疯狂了。that seem like you ......
(have) for years是定语从句，先行词是friendships。根据 for years可知本句要用现在完成时。故填have had。
17.考查关系代词。句意：我还是向任何有此意愿者强烈推荐这次旅游。cannot ...... enough (再......也不过分），
anyone后习惯跟who引导的定语从句。故填who。
18.考查形容词。句意：志愿工作对人们真的是有益的。根据 be beneficial to （对......有益）可知空格处填
beneficial。
19.考查非谓语动词。句意：回家以后，我总是怀念那些与南非有关的事情的日子。空格处是状语，要用非谓
语动词。arrive的动作在miss之前，而且和主语I是主动关系，因此空格处用现在分词的完成式。故填Having
arrived。
20.考查副词。句意：我发现自己不停地翻看照片。空格处的词是修饰 looking back ，因此要用副词。故填
constantly。
