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第 02 讲 代词、介词和介词短语(测)
时间 :45分钟 满分:50分
姓名__________ 得分________
一、单项选择(每题1分,共10分)
1.(2021·山东·高考真题)—Amy, is this Jenny's bike?
—Let me see. Oh, no. ________is red.
A.She B.Hers. C.Her D.Herself
【答案】B
【解析】考查人称代词和反身代词辨析。句意:——艾米,这是珍妮的自行车吗?——让我看看,哦,不,
她的自行车是红色的。A.She她,人称代词主格,在句中作主语;B.Hers她的,名词性物主代词,相当于
her + 名词,在句中作主语、宾语、介词宾语和主语补语;C.Her她的,形容词性物主代词,其后跟名词,
在句中作定语;D.Herself她自己,反身代词,在句中作同位语和宾语。结合语境,此处指珍妮的自行车,
在句中作主语。选项B符合题意,故选B。
2.(2011·江西·高考真题)Why don’t you bring ________ to his attention that you are too ill to work on?
A.that B.it C.his D.him
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词。句意:为什么你不让他注意到你病的太严重了以至于不能继续工作了呢?分析句子结
构可知,设空处作bring的宾语;根据句意可知,设空处用于指代that you are too ill to work on;可知,设
空处为形式宾语,真正的宾语是that引导的宾语从句;形式宾语用it表示。故选B。
3.(2017·全国·高考真题)Ideally we would want_______to be good contact between the child and both
parents.
A.it B.there C.one D.any
【答案】A
【解析】考查代词。句意:理想情况下,我们希望孩子和父母之间能有良好的接触。A. it它;B. there 在
那里;C. one一个;D. any任何。本句中代词it是一个谦词,用在句中无实际意义,但是不可省略,属于
一种特殊句型,其他的几个代词没有这种用法。故选A。
4.(2014·山东·高考真题)Susan made______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
A.that B.this
C.it D.her
【答案】C【解析】考查代词it。句意:Susan向我表明她希望能过上新的生活。这是一个宾语从句,make的宾语是
that引导的句子,在本句中用it做形式宾语代指that引导的宾语从句。故选C。
5.(2018·天津·高考真题)Professional skills are tools like a knife or a hammer. You need ______ to complete
the things you want to do.
A.it B.that C.them D.ones
【答案】C
【解析】考查代词。句意:专业技能是像刀或锤子这样的工具。你需要它们来完成你想做的事情。分析句
子可知,them代指前文的tools。故选C。
6.(2008·全国·高考真题)—Which of the two computer games did you prefer?
—Actually I didn’t like ________.
A.both of them B.none of them C.either of them D.neither of them
【答案】C
【解析】考查代词用法。句意:——这两个电脑游戏你更喜欢哪个?——事实上,这两个我都不喜欢。
both表示“两者都”是肯定意思;none 表示“三者或三者以上都不”,是否定意思。either “两者中任何一
个”,neither“两者都不”。根据two computer games和I didn’t like 可知是两者都不喜欢,didn’t是否定形
式,用either。故选C。
7.(2021·天津·高考真题)Nowadays many people travel across China ________ high-speed trains.
A.on behalf of B.by means of
C.at cost of D.in terms of
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:如今,许多人乘高铁在中国各地旅行。A. on behalf of代表,为了;B. by
means of用,依靠,借助于;C. at cost of以……为代价;D. in terms of在……方面,依据,按照。分析语
境,人们去旅行,用的交通工具是高铁(借助于高铁),仅有B符合语境,故选B。
8.(2017·天津·高考真题)I still have a few sweet memories of my childhood; ________, I remember times
when I explored caves in the mountains with my friends.
A.in turn B.by chance C.in particular D.by contrast
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意:我仍然对我的童年有一些甜蜜的回忆;我特别记得我和朋友们在
山上探索洞穴的时候。A. in turn轮流;B. by chance偶然;C. in particular特别;D. by contrast相反。根据
“I remember times when I explored caves in the mountains with my friends.”可知,我对童年时期和朋友在山
上探索洞穴的时候的回忆特别记得。故选C。9.(2017·全国·高考真题)The car is great_______its power, economy and space, but it is not comfortable.
A.by way of B.by means of
C.in terms of D.in place of
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词固定短语。句意:就动力、经济性和空间来说,这辆车很好,但不舒服。A. by way of路
经,途经;B. by means of依靠,借助于;C. in terms of就…而言;D. in place of代替。根据“its power,
economy and space”可知,指就动力、经济型和空间这三方面而言,故选C。
10.(2015·湖北·高考真题)This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you ___________
that if you smoked here you would be fined.
A.in advance B.in detail
C.in total D.in general
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:这个会议室是无烟区域。我想提前警告你:如果你在这里吸烟,会被
罚款。A. in advance提前;B. in detail详细地;C. in all总共,总计;D. in general大体上,笼统地。根据句
意可知,此处用in advance“提前”符合语境。故选A项。
二、单句改错(每题1分,共15分)
11.(2020·新课标I卷)After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove, I waited patiently unless the
oil was hot.
【答案】off→on
【解析】考查介词。句意:之后我把油倒进锅里,打开炉子,耐心地等着油热起来。根据I poured oil into a
pan及常识可知,把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子,所以此处应使用短语turn on(打开),turn off译为“关
闭”。故将off改为on。
12.(2020·新课标I卷)“Not that way, ” my mom tried to stop us but failed.
【答案】us→me
【解析】考查代词。句意:“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我,但是失败了。根据语境可知,是作者一
个人做菜,此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”,应使用第一人称单数的宾格me。故将us改为me。
13.(2020·新课标II卷)Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on
every day.
【答案】去掉on
【解析】考查介词。句意:然后我可以抽出一些时间来学习它,这样我们可以每天一起练习。介词on后接
的是具体时间,every day译为“每一天”,前不能用任何介词修饰。故将on去掉。14.(2020·新课标II卷)Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China.
【答案】yours→your
【解析】考查代词。句意:祝你在中国学习功夫好运。分析句子,句中的yours为名词性物主代词,此处
放在动名词learning前面,用形容词性物主代词。故将yours改为your。
15.Only a few choose to deal with the problems on our own.
【答案】our→their
【解析】考查物主代词。句意:只有一些人选择自己解决问题。短语on one’s own,意为“独自”,结合
语意可知,a few指代一些人,是第三人称,所以此处own前面要用第三人称的形容词性物主代词their。
故将our改为their。
16.In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment which is created for them.
【答案】yourselves→themselves
【解析】考查反身代词。句意:在咖啡馆里,顾客将在为他们创造的历史环境中尽情享受。customers是句
子的主语,所以此处反身代词应为第三人称。故将yourselves改为themselves。
17.The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals.
【答案】another→other
【解析】考查不定代词。句意:我第一次去那里时,他们和狗、鸭子和其他动物住在一所小房子里。
another指三者以上的另一个;other意为“其他的”,表泛指。这里泛指其他的动物。故将another改为
other。
18.No matter how many times I asked to watch cartoons, my parents would not let me. They would say to us that
playing card games would help my brain.
【答案】us→me
【解析】考查人称代词。句意:无论我请求多少次看卡通片,我的父母都不会让我看。他们会对我们说,
玩纸牌游戏对我的大脑有帮助。根据后面“my brain”可知,是对“我”的大脑有帮助,所以他们是对
“我”一个人说,应使用第一人称单数的宾格me。故将us改为me。
19.I had done myself homework but I was shy.
【答案】myself→my
【解析】考查物主代词。句意:我自己做了作业,但我很害羞。myself是反身代词,不能作定语;形容词
性物主代词my可充当homework的定语。故将myself改为my。
20.Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school.
【答案】all→both
【解析】考查不定代词。句意:张先生和张太太都在我们学校工作。在表示“都”时,all用于三者(以上),both用于两者,这里张先生和张太太是两个人,应用both。故将all改为both。
21.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
【答案】your→my
【解析】考查物主代词。句意:这张照片常常让我想起我高中时代的许多美好回忆。根据前面的“me”可
知,指的是“我”的中学时代。所以要用第一人称形容词性物主代词my。故将your改为my。
22.(2021全国甲卷 改错)Some will turn out to their parents or teachers for help.
【答案】删掉out
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:有些人会向父母或老师寻求帮助。turn to sb. for help为固定搭配,意为
“向某人寻求帮助”,out多余。故删掉out。
23.(2021全国乙卷 改错)In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework.
【答案】在a lot后加from
【解析】考查介词和固定搭配。句意:在我看来,学生可以从做家务中受益很多。benefit...from...意为
“从……中收获到……”是固定用法。故在a lot后加from。
24.(2022年全国甲卷)My father often took me to his hospital when I was off my school.
【答案】去掉my
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:当我不上学时,我的爸爸经常带我去他的医院。off school为固定短语,表
示“不在上学时”,school前面不加任何限定词。故将my去掉。
25.(2022年全国乙卷)Maybe it is because the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise.
【答案】在because后加of
【解析】考查介词。句意:也许是因为新鲜空气、流畅的运动和锻炼的结合。because表示“因为”,后面
接从句,短语because of表示“因为”,后面接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语,the combination of fresh air,
smooth movement and exercise是名词短语。故在because后加of。
三、用单词的适当形式完成句子(每题1分,共25分)
26.(2022年全国甲卷) Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road
route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ______ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five
months. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】from
【解析】考查介词。句意:现在,曹已经开始了他梦想的第二部分,沿着一带一路走下去。9月20日,他
从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步返回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知,
此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”,应用介词from,固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
27.(2022年全国乙卷) May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially
______ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. (用适当的词填空)【答案】by
【解析】考查介词。句意:今年5月21日是联合国于2019年11月27日正式命名的第一个国际茶日。根
据句意可知,此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”,be named by“由...命名”。故填by。
28.(2022·全国·高三专题练习)Museums must compete _________ people’s spare time and money with other
amusements. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。结合语意,博物馆必
须为了人们的业余时间和金钱竞争,应用固定短语compete for,表示“为……竞争”。故填for。
29.(2017·全国·高一专题练习)I’d appreciate ______ if my cellphone could be fixed as soon as possible.
【答案】it
【解析】考查固定句型。句意:如果我的手机能尽快修好,我将不胜感激。I’d appreciate it if...“如果能……
的话,我将不胜感激。”是固定句型,it作形式宾语。故填it。
30.(2022·江西·模拟预测)________ (it) large size and round face are also adaptations to its bamboo diet. (所
给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Its
【解析】考查代词。句意:它的大个头和圆圆的脸也适应了竹子的食性。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里
考查形容词性物主代词,修饰后面的名词短语large size and round face,单词位于句首,首字母大写。故填
Its。
31.(2022·广西桂林·二模)Netizens were fascinated by the video’s ________ (amaze) combination of winter
sports and traditional Chinese characters, highlighting ________ (they) own unique characteristics and placing
them alongside a wide range of sporting venues and cultural elements, including New Year paintings, Peking
Opera, and ink-and-wash paintings. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】 amazing their
【解析】考查形容词和代词。句意:该视频将冬季运动与传统汉字惊人地结合在一起,突出了各自独特的
特点,并将其与包括年画、京剧和水墨画在内的各种体育场馆和文化元素放在一起,网民们对此非常着迷。
根据空1后文名词combination可知,此处应用其以ing结尾的形容词amazing “惊人的、令人惊讶的”修饰
事物;空2处应用其形容词性物主代词their和后文own构成固定短语one’s own“某人自己的”。故空1填
amazing;填2填their。
32.(2022年全国乙卷) The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony,
opening ______ (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea. (所给词的适当形式
填空)【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。句意:在开幕式上,中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌,开启了它的第一个展览:大道遗真
——普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词修饰。故填its。
33.(2022·全国·高三专题练习)An important factor ________ (affect) happiness is the tendency to compare
one’s situation with ________ of other people. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】 affecting that
【解析】考查现在分词和代词。句意:影响幸福的一个重要因素是人们倾向于将自己的处境与他人的处境
进行比较。动词affect意为“影响”,和系动词之间没有连词,和主语factor构成主动关系,所以应用现在
分词作后置定语。代指前文中提到的situation应用指示代词that。故填①affecting②that。
34.(2022·全国·高三专题练习)Dahlquist had always delighted in listening to the baby birds chirp(鸟
叫)to________ (they) parents during feeding time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】their
【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意:在喂食时间,达尔奎斯特总是很喜欢听小鸟宝宝对父母唧唧喳喳
地叫。空后为名词parents,因此所填空应是形容词性物主代词作定语。故填their。
35.(2022·全国·高三专题练习)It has long been a dream for the Lao people to see their country change from a
land-locked country to a “land-linked one”, and the opening of the new railway is a big step toward turning
________(they) dream into reality. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】their
【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意:从内陆国到“陆联国”,是老挝人民长久以来的梦想,新铁路的
开通是实现他们的梦想的一大步。分析可知,所填空应是形容词性物主代词作之后名词“dream”的定语。
故填their。
36.(2022·全国·高三专题练习)Because of the interlacement (交织) of the lanes, every house is connected to
the other, making ________ easy for local people to keep in touch with their neighbors. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】it
【解析】考查代词。句意:因为小路交织,每个房子都相互连接,便于当地人与邻居保持联系。根据句子
结构,此题考查句型make it+形容词+for sb to do sth,意为“对于某人来说,做某事很……”,设空处应填
it,作形式宾语,真正的宾语为后文的to keep in touch with their neighbors。故填it。
37. (2021·吉林长春北师大附属高三开学考)According to Darwin’s Survival of the Fittest, only those species that were
able to adapt ________ the sudden great changes of their living conditions survived.
【答案】to
【解析】adapt to …适应……。句意:根据达尔文的适者生存论,只有那些能够适应生活条件突然发生的巨大变化的物种才能生存下来。
38.(2022·全国·高三专题练习)Modern methods ______tracking polar bear populations have been employed
only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ______ (perform) consistently over a large area. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】 of to perform
【解析】考查介词和非谓语动词。句意:现代跟踪监测北极熊数量的方法仅仅从20世纪80年代中期开始
使用,并且持续在大面积使用很昂贵。分析句子可知,第一空:methods ofr doing sth.是固定搭配,表示
“做某事的方法”;第二空:系表结构之后,应该用动词不定式做状语。故填of,to perform。
39.(2022全国甲卷) He flew 4, 700 kilometers ________ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back
to Xi’an in five months. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】from
【解析】考查介词和固定搭配。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内
徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知,此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”,应用介词from,固定
搭配from…to…表示“从......到......”。故填from。
40.(2020新课标I卷)because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so ________ the familiar near side. (用
适当的词填空)
【答案】than
【解析】考查介词。句意:因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。分析句子结构及句意可知空前的more
so意为has more deep craters (环形山),依据空后的the familiar near side可知此处是在将月球距离我们远的
不熟悉的一面与距离近的熟悉的一面进行比较,需填介词than,表示“比……更”。故答案为than。
41.(2018新课标III卷)My name is Mireya Mayor. I was searching________ these three western lowland
gorillas I'd been observing. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词短语。句意:我叫Mireya Mayor。我在寻找我一直观察的这三只西部低地大猩猩。根据
固定搭配search for表示“寻找”,故填for。
42.(2020年北京卷)Over time, the bags fall apart________ countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat
some of them. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】into##to
【解析】考查介词。句意:随着时间的推移,这些袋子分解成无数的小碎片,鱼可能会不小心吃掉其中一
些。fall apart into/to...是固定搭配,意为“分崩离析成……”,故填into/to。
43.(2021年北京卷)While riding his bike home ________ a cold night, he came across a sad-looking elderly
woman wandering the streets by herself.(用适当的词填空)【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意:在一个寒冷的夜晚,当他骑着自行车回家时,他遇到了一个看起来悲伤的老妇
人独自在街上游荡。表示“在具体的某一天”或“(在具体的某一天的)早上、中午、晚上”等,须用介
词on。故填on。
44.(2021新课标II卷)A company representative wrote back and told me the airline was switching over
________ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】from
【解析】考查介词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。
switch意为“转变”,句子表示“该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯”,from sth. to sth.
意为“从……到……”,故填from。
45.(2022全国甲卷)He flew 4, 700 kilometers ________ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20. (用适当的词填
空)
【答案】from
【解析】考查介词和固定搭配。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什。根据句意和Xi’an
to Kashgar 可知,此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”,应用介词from,固定搭配from…to…表示“从……
到…… ”。故填from。
46.(2017·全国·高一专题练习)The beach is within walking ______ (distant) of my house.
【答案】distance
【解析】考查固定用法。句意:海滩离我家只有几步之遥。within walking distance几步之遥; 步行就能到;
在步行距离之内,是固定用法,填distance。
47.(2017·全国·高一专题练习)She took a friendly attitude ______ the strange visitor.
【答案】to
【解析】考查固定结构。take a friendly attitude to sb. 对某人态度友好,是固定结构,所以填to。
48.(2017·全国·高一专题练习)The girl ______ (leave) a good impression ______ her roommates the first
time they met.
【答案】 left ; on
【解析】考常时态和固定短语。发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时;leave a good impression on sb. 给某人
留下好印象, 是固定短语,所以填(1). left ; (2). On。
49.(2017·全国·高一专题练习)______ the end of the road there is a library.
【答案】At
【解析】考查固定短语。在路的尽头,是一个图书馆。at the end of在……尽头,是固定短语,所以填At。50.(2022年新高考I卷)Giant pandas also serve ______ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a
host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】as
【解析】考查介词。句意:大熊猫还充当(扮演)着保护伞的角色,为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物
带来保护。serve as “充当”是固定搭配。故填as。