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专 题 二
句法知识
语法知语法知识识
第⑧讲 主谓一致
要点归纳思维导图
考向及母题典例
考向1 语法一致
考向2 意义一致
考向3 就近/远原则
实用解题口诀
主谓一致各考向高频考点
高频考点1：Number的用法：
用法口诀：鹅孵着蛋(a复the单)。
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注释：a number of 很多 the number of ... ......的数量
a number of+名词复数做主语谓语动词用单数， the number of+名词复数做主语谓语动词用单数
口诀使用典例：
_________the foreign friends here is over 400. And_______them come from the USA.
A.The number of; the number of B. A number of; a number of
C. The number of; a number of D. A number of; the number of
题目中需要对the number of(……的数量)与a number of(一些)进行区分时，用此口诀解题。
答案解析：
根据题干中的is和come from并结合大招"鹅孵着蛋(a复the单)"可知，前单后复，前the后a.所以选C。
解题坑点
学生在判断出“a复the单”后，还需要根据题干信息识别出所用的时态。
母题 1
（2022·贵州黔东南·统考中考真题）In our school library, there _________ a number of books on art. The
number of the books _________ still growing larger and larger.
A．is; is B．are; is C．is; are D．are; are
【答案】B
【详解】句意：在我们学校的图书馆里，有许多关于艺术的书。 书的数量还在越来越多。
考查主谓一致。根据“a number of books”可知，表复数概念，故第一空填are。the number of表示“……的
数量”，修饰主语，be动词用is，故选B。
高频考点2：成双对
用法口诀：主谓一致成双名词谓用复，若连pair选单数。
注释：
“成双”名词(trousers,pants, shorts, shoes,glasses等)作主语：
①单独使用时，谓语用复数
The shoes are too big.
②与a/one /this pair of等连用时，谓语用单数This pair of shoes is mine.
口诀使用典例：
Look! The white shoes _ __30 dollars. That pair of yellow shoes _____20dollars.
A.are; is B.are; are C.is;is D.is; are
主语是成双成对的名词，如trousers, shoes,glasses等，需要确定谓语动词的单复数形式时，用此口诀解题。
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答案解析：
第一空：成双名词shoes没有与pair连用，谓语动词用复数are;第二空：shoes与pair连用，谓语动词用单
数is。
解题坑点
当成双名词与pair连用时，谓语动词与pair的单复数保持一致。因此，若pair为复数形式pairs时，谓语
动词用复数。
母题 2
（2021·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）This pair of socks _________ soft. I’ll take _________.
A．feel; it B．feels; it C．feels; them
【答案】C
【详解】句意：这双袜子摸起来很软。我要买它们。
考查主谓一致及人称代词。this pair of修饰主语时，动词用三单形式，排除A选项。第二句指要买这双袜
子，表复数概念，用人称代词them作宾语，故选C。
高频考点3：集合名词:
用法口诀：强调整体谓用单；突出成员谓用复。
注释：该类词，强调整体时用单数，强调成员时用复数
口诀使用典例
Tina's family _ __much larger than mine. Her family _ __dancing and singing when I came in last night.
A.are; was B.is; were C. is; was D. are; were
题目中主语为集合名词(family,group,team,class等),需要确定谓语动词的单复形式时，用此口诀解题。
答案解析：
题目第一空强调家庭、谓语动词用单数is;第二空强调家人，且根据last night可知时态为一般过去时、谓语
动词用复数were。故选B。
解题坑点
在解题过程中，注意根据上下文准确判断出集合名词在句中是强调整体概念还是强调每个成员。一般来说，
具体的动作和行为都是强调成员。
母题 3
（2020·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）My family __________ for dinner now. We’re busy.
A．is preparing B．are preparing C．prepares
【答案】B
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【详解】句意：我们一家人正在准备晚餐。我们很忙。
考查现在进行时和be动词。根据句中now提示，句子应用现在进行时，C选项可排除。根据下文We’re
busy提示，此处My family指的是家庭成员，指家庭成员时谓语动词be要用复数形式are，故选B。
高频考点4：迷魂“and”
用法口诀：1 the1人谓用单；2the2人谓用复。
注释：(the)名词+and+(the)名词
1. The teacher and writer was(be) doing exercise this time yesterday.两个名词一个the是一个人，该结
构做主语谓语用单数。
2. The teacher and the writer were (be)doing exercise this time yesterday.两个名词两个the是两个人，
该结构做主语谓语用复数。
口诀使用典例：
The doctor and writer _from America.
A.is B.are C. am D. were
题干主语为A and B形式，需要确定谓语动词的单复数形式时，用此口诀解题。
答案解析：
大招快解题干中仅有一个the,表示主语是一个人(这个人既是医生又是作家),谓语动词用单数。故选A。
解题坑点
A and B结构的单复数判断不要脱离句意。比如fish and chips(炸鱼薯条),在英国饮食文化中被视作一种食
物，类似于中国的小鸡炖蘑菇是两种食材做成的一道菜，此类名词作主语谓语动词要用单数；有时可能指
代两个东西，如"The chicken and beef are delicious."鸡肉和牛肉是两种肉、此时谓语动词用复数。
母题 4
（2022·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）— The song Together for a Shared Future is very popular now.
— That’s for sure! Both the young and the old ________ it.
A．likes B．like C．liked
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——《一起向未来》这首歌现在很受欢迎。——这是肯定的！年轻人和老年人都喜欢它。
考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据“now”结合语境可知句子是一般现在时； 根据“Both the young and the
old”可知主语是复数，动词应用原形，故选B。
高频考点5：必单原则
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用法口诀：
动名不定式，时金路算式，复合不定代，学科三单挨。
注释：
规则1:动名词、不定式作主语，谓语用单数
Eating vegetables_is (is/are) good for our health.
To travel in the space__is (is/are) my dream.
规则2:(时间、金钱、(路程、(算式作主语，谓语用单数
Two months_is(is /are) a long time.
Three billion dollars is _(is /are) a lot of money.
Five hundred miles is (is /are) a long way
Six minus two _is (is /are) four.
规则3:复合不定代词作主语，谓语用单数
Nobody __is _(is/are) perfect.Somebody is (is/are) using the phone.
规则4:学科作主语，谓语用单数
English _ is (is/are)my favorite subject.Physics_is _(is /are) an important subject.
口诀使用典例：
________nature reserves__________us learn more about protecting animals.
A.Studying; helps B.Studies; to help C. Study; helping D.Study; help
题干中主语为动名词、动词不定式、时间、金钱、路程、算式、复合不定代词、单个学科，需要判断谓语
动词的单复数形式时，用此口诀解题。
答案解析：
第一空是句子主语，要用动词的非谓语形式，故选动名词Studying;动名词作主语时，谓语
动词用单数，故选A。
解题坑点
时间、金钱、路程等数字大于1的时候，或者加减乘除等算式结果大于1的时候，无论数字
大小，都是“一个数字”,“一个数字”作主语，谓语动词用单数。
母题 5
（2022·四川达州·统考中考真题）—Hurry up, Jason! We’re going to the cinema, but the clothes still need
________.
—Don’t worry. I think thirty minutes ________ enough.
A．washing; are B．to wash; are C．to wash; is D．washing; is
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【答案】D
【详解】句意：——快点，杰森！我们要去看电影，但衣服还需要洗。——不要担心。我想30分钟就够了。
考查非谓语动词和主谓一致。need doing sth“需要被做”，排除BC；第二处“thirty minutes”是一个时间整
体，be动词用is。故选D。
高频考点6：必复原则
用法口诀：
牛人警察穿衣服，双the both用复数。
注释：集体名词表成员、the+形式复数、the+形容词或both...and...结构做主语，谓语动词用复数形式
The cattle _are _ (is/are) eating grass on the hill. 牛人
People __love_(love) having cats as pets.人
The police_are___(is/are) searching for a thief. 警察
Clothes _are_ _(is/are) suitable presents for teenagers.衣服
The Greens ar e _(is/are) very rich. the+姓氏复数→—家人
The old_are (is/are) taken good care of in our country.the+形容词→一类人
Both my father and my mother _are___(is/are) doctors.
口诀典例：
Look! The police_ _the food onto the bank(岸) of the river.
A.am carrying B.is carrying C. are carrying D.be carrying
题干中主语为牛(cattle)、人(people)、警察(police)、衣服(clothes)、the+形容词表示“一类人”、the+姓氏
表示“一家人”、both A and B结构，需要判断谓语动词的单复数形式时，用此口诀解题。
答案解析
The police作主语，谓语动词用复数，答案为are carrying,故选C。
解题坑点
cattle, people, police, clothes都是集合名词，本身表示复数概念，因此谓语动词要用复数。但是需要注意的
是，牛、人、警察、衣服的单数表达作主语时，谓语动词应当用单数。比如主语若为 a man,谓语动词用单
数。
母题 6
（2019·广西玉林·统考中考真题）—________Smiths are used to living in Shanghai now.
—We hope more and more foreign friends live _____better life in China.
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A．/; a B．The; an C．The; a D．/ ; the
【答案】C
【详解】考查冠词用法。句意：—史密斯一家人现在习惯居住在上海。—我们希望越来越多的外国朋友在
中国过更好的生活。定冠词the加姓氏复数表示“一家人”，所以第一空用 the；第二空后的better是辅音
开头的单词，表泛指用不定冠词a，故选C。
高频考点7：就近原则
用法口诀：There be近视眼，连名连名看后面。
注释：当主语是以下结构时，谓语动词与离得近的名词保持单复数一致。
①there be(某地/某时)有
②not only… but also…不但……而且……
③neither… nor.既不……也不……
④(either)...or...要么…要么……
⑤ not...but...不是……而是……
There_is(is/are) a bird and six bugs.
There_are(is/are) six bugs and a bird.
Not only the students but also the teacher want s(want) to go back to school.
Neither you nor I am _(am/is/are) right.
Either you or he)is(am/is/are) wrong.
Not he but you are _(am/is/are) right.
口诀使用典例
Either his brothers or he _the dishes after dinner.
A.do B.does C. make D. makes
题干中主语为There be+名词，not..but.., not only... but also..., either... or.., neither.nor…,需要判断谓语动词
的单复数形式时，用此口诀解题。
答案解析
题干中的主语是either A or B结构，谓语动词由B(即本题中的he)决定，正确答案为does,故选B。
解题坑点
both…and.在形式上也是“连名连名”结构，但是谓语动词用复数，需单独记忆。
母题 7
（2022·湖北恩施·统考中考真题）There ________ some milk and several apples in the fridge.
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A．is B．are C．be
【答案】A
【详解】句意：冰箱里有一些牛奶和几个苹果。
考查there be句型的就近原则。there be句型遵循“就近原则”，离be动词最近的名词milk是不可数名词，
所以be要用is，故选A。
高频考点8：就远原则
用法口诀：名连名看前面。
注释：当主语是以下结构时，谓语动词与离得远的名词保持单复数一致。
1、名with/together with/along with/ as well as名 “和、跟”
2、名besides /except / but名 “除了”
3、名including名 “包括”
Tom with his dog often _ walks (walk) along the river
All students except Bob lik e (like) music.
口诀用法典例
My sister with my parents _______dumplings when I got home yesterday evening.
A.are making B.is making C. was making D. were making
题干中主语为“和、跟、同(... with..,..together with.…,.. along with.…,.… as well as.)”“除了(...besides…,…
except…,…but…)”“包括(...including..)”,需要判断谓语动词的单复数形式时，用此口诀解题。
答案解析
主语是A with B形式，谓语动词的单复数形式应由A(即My sister)决定；根据“when I got home yesterday
evening”可知，本句描述的是过去某时刻正在进行的动作，故选C。
解题坑点
…and...在形式上也是名连名的结构，但是谓语动词形式需要根据语境判断(高频考点4),需单独记忆。
母题 8
（2021·黑龙江大庆·统考中考真题）Look! Julia as well as her sisters ________ a kite on the playground.
A．fly B．flies C．is flying D．are flying
【答案】C
【详解】句意：你看！朱莉娅和她的姐妹们正在操场上放风筝。
考查时态及主谓一致。根据“Look!”可知，此处指的是正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，结构是“am/
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is/are+doing”，as well as连接的主语，谓语动词用“就远原则”，be动词与Julia一致，应用is，故选C。
名校新优子题高分必刷
名校新优子题必刷 1
（2023·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·统考二模）A lot of birds ________ in nature parks every year.
A．protect B．is protected C．are protected D．protected
名校新优子题必刷 2
（2023·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·统考二模）—Susan, how many women teachers are there in your school?
—In our school, _______of the teachers _______ women teachers.
A．third fourth; are B．third fourth; is C．three fourths; is D．three fourths; are
名校新优子题必刷 3
（2023·天津·模拟预测）Next year, _______ a new road leading to the village.
A．there is B．there are C．there will be D．there was
名校新优子题必刷 4
（2023·江西·模拟预测）Not only Jim but also Lucy ____________ a few cities since they came to China.
A．will visit B．visited C．have visited D．has visited
名校新优子题必刷 5
（2023·辽宁丹东·统考二模）— Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?
— Either. ________ tea ________ coffee are my favorite.
A．Not only；but also B．Both；and C．Neither；nor D．Either；or
名校新优子题必刷 6
（2023·新疆·统考一模）Lucy as well as her parents _________ supper at home yesterday when the telephone
_________.
A．were having; was ringing B．were having; rang
C．was having; rang D．had; was ringing
名校新优子题必刷 7
（2023·山东·统考一模）Everyone except Bill and Jim ________ here when the report began.
A．was B．is C．are D．were
名校新优子题必刷 8
（2023·四川攀枝花·统考二模）This pair of shoes ______ hand, and it ______very comfortable.
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A．is made with, is felt B．are made from, is felt
C．are made of, feels D．is made by, feels
名校新优子题必刷 9
（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨德强学校校考模拟预测）Neither Tim nor Tim’s father and mother ________
swimming, but they like skating very much.
A．is fond of B．are fond of C．enjoys
名校新优子题必刷 10
（2023·江苏南通·模拟预测）There ________ a lot of jobs for college graduates. But now, everything is different.
A．are used to having B．used to have C．used to be D．are used to being
名校新优子题必刷 11
（2023·江苏镇江·统考二模）This English book, together with its listening material, ________ well.
A．sells B．is sold C．sell D．are sold
名校新优子题必刷 12
（2023·甘肃白银·校考一模）My sister with my parents ________ dumplings when I got home yesterday
evening.
A．are making. B．was making C．is making D．were making
名校新优子题必刷 13
（2023·广西·模拟预测）—How time flies! Four years ________ since we started to study here.
—So it is. I miss you so much.
A．has passed B．has been passed C．have been past
名校新优子题必刷 14
（2023·福建福州·福建省福州外国语学校校考三模）—In the city, the old ________.
—Yes, that is a wonderful program.
A．care for B．is looked after well
C．are taken good care of
名校新优子题必刷 15
（2023·辽宁沈阳·模拟预测）________ of the teachers in our school is about one hundred and ________ of them
are women teachers.
A．The number; two thirds B．The number; two third
C．A number; half D．A number; three quarters
名校新优子题必刷 16
（2023·湖北恩施·统考二模）—How much _______ this pair of shoes?
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—Sixty dollars _______ enough.
A．is; is B．are; is C．are; are
名校新优子题必刷 17
（2023·甘肃定西·统考三模）________ my sister ________ I do well in our lessons. My mother is very proud of
us.
A．Not；but B．Neither；nor C．Either；or D．Both；and
名校新优子题必刷 18
（2023·新疆和田·统考一模）There are many rules in our school, for example, eating snacks ________ in our
classroom.
A．are not allowedB．is not allowed C．allow D．allows
名校新优子题必刷 19
（2023·江苏南京·统考一模）—Hurry up, Jason! We’re going to the cinema, but the clothes still need ________.
—Don’t worry. I think thirty minutes ________ enough.
A．washing; are B．to wash; are C．to wash; is D．washing; is
名校新优子题必刷 20
（2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·统考二模）The couple who ________ presented with the award Model Couple will give
a speech on their life.
A．is B．are C．have D．has
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