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chapter 6 名词与冠词 笔记
·模块一 名词的分类
·模块二 名词的单复数
·模块三 修饰可数名词的词和词组
·模块四 中考常见不可数名词
·模块五 修饰不可数名词的词和词组
·模块六 名词的所有格
·模块七 名词的性
·模块八 冠词的分类
·模块九 不定冠词的用法
·模块十 定冠词的用法
·模块十一 零冠词的用法
·模块十二 2022、2023年各省市中考真题综合训练
模块一 名词的分类
A. 专有名词：具体的人、地、物、机构、团体、月份和节日等专有
的名词
如：Alfred Nobel, Africa, February
名
a 可数
词 可以用数字计数的名词，如boy，chair
名词
B. 普通名
词 b 不可 1)物质名词：如fire, wood, air, water
数名词 2)抽象名词：如information,advice,courage
模块二 名词的单复数
1. 单数变复数的一般规则，请将下列单词变为复数形式：
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构成方法 例词
一般在词尾加-s horse—horses mile—miles
2. 特殊变化
以-s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的词加-es box—boxes glass—glasses brush
有 下列情况:
—brushes
m 以 aon 结尾的词加-s m 有 e 生 n 命加-es hemroe—dihuemroes media
或-es potato- potatoes
Roman Romans child children
Negro—Negroes
woman women mouse mice
无生命加-s photo—photos
businesswoman businesswomen ox oxen
piano-pianos
goose geese foot feet
zoo-zoos
German G特er例mans
mo
to
tt
o
o
t—h
mottos/mottoe
te
s
e
,
t
*
h
kangaroo-
kangaroos,volcano- volcanoes
以-y结尾的 以辅音字母加-y结 battery—batteries country
There are
词 尾的词，变y为i, —countries
many
加-es
men doctors in
以元音字母加-y结 monkey—monkeys day—
the
尾的词直接加-s days
以-f或-fe结 f, fe变为v再加-es wolf—wolves wife—wives
尾的词 个别词直接加-s roof—roofs belief—beliefs
scarf- scarves /scarfs
department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.（妇产科）
♥Attention♥
man/woman男人、女人双变原则
a man nurse some men a woman doctor women doctors
nurses
boyfriends maidservants women servants lady drivers
3. 单复数同形的情况：
sheep- Chinese-Chinese means- species- craft 及 由 -
sheep means species craft
（ spacecraft
deer-deer Japanese- Swiss-Swiss series-series
， aircraft ）
Japanese
构成的名词
The only means to achieve success is to appeal to law（诉诸法律）.
All means have been tried out to increase agricultural production.
4. 单复数特别用法：
a. word 的特别用法：
不可数名词 新闻、消息、承诺
word
可数名词 词、话语
★小试身手★
1) Word has it that she is leaving. (word has it that 是惯用语用法，表示有消息说，eg. Legend
has it that…… 有传说说 【学生版不出现】)
有消息传来
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2) Please send me word of your safe arrival.
通知我
3) They asked him to leave, in other words , he was fired.
换句话来说
4) He likes to spread the word about the importance of healthy eating.
宣传
★习惯用语★
keep/break one’s 履行诺言/ in other words 换句话说
word 食言
leave word 留言 eat one’s words 承认错误（收
回某人的话）
a man of his word 信守诺言的 the last words 遗言
人
word for/by word 逐字逐句地 waste one’s words 白费口舌
in a word 总之 have a few words/ a word with sb 与某人谈谈
5. 单复数用法的其他特殊情况：
比较：CDs (CD’s) Some VIPs (some VIP’s) In the 1990s (1990’s)
6. 一“S” 之差，谬以千里
paper 纸 papers 考卷
good 好的 goods 货物
letter 信件 letters 文学（作品）
look 看 looks 外表
glass 杯子 glasses 眼镜
green 绿色 greens 绿叶蔬菜
custom 风俗 customs 海关
time 时间 times 时代
sand 沙 sands 沙滩
iron 铁 irons 脚镣
drink 喝 drinks 饮品
force 武力 forces 军队
spirit 精神 spirits 精力/态度
work 工作 works 工厂/作品
7. 固定词组用复数
in high spirits as follows take turns hurt one’s feelings in rags
模块三 修饰可数名词的词和词组
兴致高昂 如下 轮流 伤害感情 衣衫褴褛
请翻译下列词组：
一群人 a group /crowd of 一两天 a couple of days
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people
一些亲戚 (a) few relatives 几台电脑 some computers
大量的乘 a large number of 很多记者 a lot of/lots of reporters
客 passengers
很多地方 many places 顶尖学生中 one of the top students
的一个
数以百年 hundreds of years 数以千年 thousands of years
数以万年 tens of thousands of 两千年 two thousand years
years
一副眼镜/一双鞋/一条裤子/一把 a pair of
剪刀 glasses/shoes/trousers/scissors
模块四 中考常见不可数名词
忠告 advice 天气 weather 麻烦 trouble
黄油 butter 空气 air 乐趣 fun
玻璃 Glass 损坏 damage 草 grass
作业 Homework 家务活 housework 钱 money
信息 information 冰 ice 纸 paper
知识 knowledge 新闻 news 交通 traffic
★真题试炼★
1. 选择
1) In ancient ___C____ people had to do heavy labour because at that______there were no
modern machines.
A. time, time B. times, times
C. times, time D. time, times
2) The students don’t find much __B____about the topic on that website .
A. report B. information
C. article D. story
3) Would you like a pudding? Go and bring me a little __A___ and I will make one for you.
A. bowl B. applesC. chalk D. shampoo
2. 填空
1) A lecture on biology was made by a ___Japanese___ professor yesterday morning. (Japan)
2) We took many __photos______when we travelled in Xinjiang last summer. (photo)
3) This is the first year to learn the new subject-- __chemistry________. (chemical)
4) The _____owner_______ of the shop is on holiday with his family. (own)
5) After 30 years, his twin brother’s sudden _arrival_ brought him a great surprise. (arrive)
模块五 修饰不可数名词的词和词组
铁的原则：不可数名词与(可数)量词连用=可数（对量词的数变化）
请用量词+不可数名词的形式翻译下列词组：
一件衣服/家具 an article/piece of clothing/furniture
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两块巧克力/肥皂 two bars of chocolate/soap
一瓶墨水/牛奶/酒 a bottle of ink/milk/wine
一点食物 (a) little food
一些工作/建议 some work/advice
很多新闻 a lot of/lots of news
大量信息 huge amounts of information
♥Attention♥
“万能搭”a piece of：
advice/bread/cake/chalk/cloth/clothing/equipment/furniture/information/kindness/land/news/
paper/wood/work
可数名词与不可数名词修饰量词表
只能修饰可数名词 只能修饰不可数名词 可数/不可数名词均可修饰
alarge/ huge/great a great deal of plenty of/
number of a large amount of a lot of
the number of the amount of lots of/
dozens of huge amounts of a large quantity of
scores of a large sum of (一大笔) quantities of(谓语动词用复
hundreds of (a) little 数)
(a) few a bit the quantity of
several much
many (a)
★真题试炼★
1) _B____ people____come from all parts of the country to see the exhibition .
A. A lots of, have B. A large number of, have
C. Much, has D. Huge amounts of, has
2) ______ students of our school__more than one thousand.
A. A number of, are B. A number of, is
C. The number of, are D. The number of, is
★区分总结★
度量衡单位的原则(单复数变化)：
中国度量衡 one/five yuan two/four Jiao three Jin ten mu
外国度量衡 3 dollars 15 pounds 20 miles 12
kilometers
模块六 名词的所有格
总体规律：名词所有格有三种形式：’s所有格，of所有格和同时具备前两种格的双重所有格。
1. -’s所有格：
一般是在词尾，若原词已有复数词尾-s，则只要在-s后加 (’)
David’s car my brother’s notebook my sisters’ toy
Children’ s Day Women’ s Day the People’s Square
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2. of所有格：这种所有格常用于无生命的东西。
a. the A of C名词拥有较长的定语。
The sound of the children playing, the name of the girl standing outside, the contribution of science
and technology
b. 表示地理、机构、集体等的名词可用of或-’s表所有格。
The population of the city或the city’s population, the plan of the family或the family’s plan等。
c. 在某人的家或工作地
at Mr Green’s to my uncle’s at the tailor’s at the doctor’s
♥Attention♥
共有还是私藏
Jane and Mary’s father Jane’s and Tom’s fathers
3. 双重所有格： a book of my friend’s some friends of his father’s
a. 双重所有格中的第二个名词总是指人，不指物。
a page of the book’s (×)
应改为a page of the book.
b. 双重所有格中的第一个名词常有不定冠词 (a/an) 或that等词，而第二个名词总是特指
the。
the friend of the doctor’s ( 错 )
a friend of the doctor’s ( 对 )
that friend of my brother’s (√)
♥Attention♥
a picture of my sister’s (画是我姐姐的)
a picture of my sister(画中人是我姐姐)
在用-’s和of皆可表示名词所有格时，强调有别。
China’s development (强调development)
The development of China ( 强调China )
★真题试炼★
1) 考题
_A_____ are travelling abroad.
A. The Greens B. The Green’s C. Greens D. Green’s
2) 考题
Tom and peter live in the same flat. It is __C____ .
A. Susan and Betty B. Susan’s and Betty
C. Susan and Betty’s D.Susan’s and Betty’s
模块七 名词的性
actor actress waiter waitress
headmaster headmistress host hostess
prince princess emperor empress
god goddess steward stewardess
tiger tigress lion lioness
★真题试炼★
1) 考题
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The _B____ are planting some ____ in the school garden now.
A. woman teachers …apple trees B. women teachers…apple trees
C. woman teacher…apples tree D. women teachers…apples trees
模块八 冠词的分类
不定冠词（泛指） a 用于辅音音素或半元音音素前
冠
an 用于元音音素前
词
定冠词（特指） the
模块九 不定冠词的用法
不定冠词a/an常表示泛指
1. 泛指人或物
He will be a teacher in five years.
2. 表示数量“一个”
There is a book and two pencils on the desk.
3. 某些习惯用语中
take a look have a rest have a swim go on a diet
have a good time make a decision make a living
do sb. a favor give sb. a hand in a minute
4. 有些特殊情况中，专有名词前必须加不定冠词，表示具有某种特性的人或物、某一位不认识的人或
某个不确定的时间。
I know a Leonardo, but not the famous one.
我认识一个叫莱昂纳多的人，但不是有名气的那个。
模块十 定冠词的用法
1. 用于上文已经提到过的事物前
Give me the book.
2. 用于世界上独一无二的事物前
the air, the earth, the moon, the sun, the world, the sky, the south
♥Attention♥
space（太空）前不用
3. 用于形容词的比较级、最高级和序数词前
He is the taller of the two children in his family.
（特殊讲解此处特殊的形容词比较级用法）
the largest room, the second story
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4. 用于西洋乐器前（中国乐器前不用加定冠词）
play the piano/ guitar
play zither/ erhu
♥Attention♥
a. 序数词前有时也可以用不定冠词a(n)，表示“又一、再一”的泛指意义。
In spite of the first two failures, he tried a third time.
尽管前两次失败，他又试了第三次。
b. 下列表达在序数词前习惯不用定冠词：
They fell in love at first sight.
他们一见钟情。
5. 江河、海洋、山川、国家（全称）、组织、团体
请翻译下列的词组：
长江 (The) Yangtze 太平洋 the Pacific Ocean
River
美国 the United States 中国共产党 the Communist Party of
of America China
北 京 宾 Beijing Hotel 自由女神像 the Statue of Liberty
馆
6. 表时间和空间
a. 空间：the east，the west，the south，the north，the front，the back，the left，the
right。
The teacher seated his pupils in the back of the classroom.
老师让学生们坐在教室后面。
b. 时间：at the beginning of在…初，in the middle of在…中，at the end of 在…末尾，the
past过去，the present现在
7. 用于形容词或分词前表示一类人或事物，谓语动词用复数
穷人 the poor 富人 the rich
老人 the old 年轻人 the young
病人 the sick 死人 the dead
盲人 the blind 伤者 the wounded
好人 the good 美人 the beautiful
不认识的人 the unknown 失业者 the unemployed
残疾人 the disabled 长者 the elderly
8. 动词+宾语＋介词＋the +身体部位
He took the thief by the hand.
The ball hit the boy on the nose.
The woman hit the man in the face.
9. the +姓氏的复数表示这一家人
The Turners are sitting at the breakfast table.
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模块十一 零冠词的用法
1. 称呼、头衔作表语、同位语、补语
He is head of the organization.（头衔，表语）
2. 学科、球类、棋类
Do you study maths?
He likes playing football/chess.
3. By+n
a. 表示交通工具，方式方法
by air, by bus, by bike, by train,
take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/bus, ride a bike
b. 依据……行事
by weight
4. 语言名称：
Chinese, English, French
5. 词组比较:（定冠词与零冠词用法）
in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院
in front of 在前方 in the front of 在前部
out of question 无疑的 out of the question 不可能的
at table 进餐 at the table 坐在桌子旁
模块十二 2022、2023年各省市中考真题综合训练
1．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）The ________ is China’s national treasure. It’s a kind of cute animal
that likes eating bamboo.
A．panda B．tiger C．elephant
2．（2022·湖南湘西·统考中考真题）I’m not hungry at all because I just ate much ________.
A．apples B．bananas C．bread
3．（2022·湖南益阳·统考中考真题）Look! There are some ________ eating grass on the hill.
A．sheep B．cow C．horse
4．（2022·广西桂林·统考中考真题）Bill has got two ________.
A．sister B．brothers C．student
5．（2022·重庆·统考中考真题）This year, the family went camping on ________ Day, June 1st.
A．Child B．Child’s C．Children D．Children’s
6．（2022·湖南邵阳·统考中考真题）— Would you like some ________?
— Yes, madam.
A．egg B．juice C．milk teas
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7．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考三模）—Lucy got five ________ from the relatives on Children’s Day.
—How happy she is.
A．toys B．toies C．toy
8．（2023·黑龙江绥化·校考模拟预测）We should protect animals because they are friends of ________.
A．we B．our C．ours
9．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）________, which becomes a festival of respecting the old people, loving and
helping the old in China.
A．Lantern Festival
B．Double Ninth Festival
C．Dragon Boat Festival
10．（2022·江苏淮安·统考中考真题）Auturmn is ________ best season to visit the Great Wall in China.
A．/ B．a C．an D．the
11．（2022·四川·统考中考真题）I have ________ egg and a cup of milk for breakfast every day.
A．不填 B．the C．a D．an
12．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）My headteacher always teaches me to be ________ honest student.
A．the B．/ C．an D．a
13．（2022·青海·统考中考真题）Gu Ailing is ________ excellent sports star. She achieved her dream in the
2022 Winter Olympic Games.
A．a B．an C．/
14．（2022·内蒙古·中考真题）I think playing ________ football is ________ good way to learn the spirit of
teamwork.
A．a; the B．/; a C．the; a D．/; the
15．（2022·甘肃甘南·统考中考真题）We know that there is ________ “U” in the word “usually”.
A．a B．an C．the
16．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）—I’d like to help kids with their schoolwork.
—You could volunteer in ________ after-school study program to teach them.
A．the B．an C．a
17．（2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）Yueyang is one of the top 10 most beautiful ________ in China this year.
A．city B．cities C．citys
18．（2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）Hangzhou will hold ________ 19th Asian Games in 2023.
A．a B．an C．the
19．（2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题）—The sun is shining, and you’d better take ________ umbrella when you
go out.
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—OK. It’s ________ useful suggestion.
A．an; the B．a; an C．an; a
20．（2023·吉林长春·统考中考真题）James is _______ hard-working engineer. His spirit encourages us.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
21．（2023·天津·统考中考真题）My mother is making ________ apple pie and I want to try ________ piece.
A．a; an B．a; 不填 C．an; a D．an; 不填
22．（2023·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）—Do you know Journey to the West?
—Yes. It’s ________ interesting book. I like it very much.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
23．（2023·山东青岛·统考中考真题）I watched The Wandering Earth Ⅱ last night. It is ________ wonderful
film.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
24．（2023·山东菏泽·统考中考真题）—Is this your pen?
—No, it isn’t. ________ red one is mine.
A．A B．An C．The
25．（2023·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）It is said that Panda Ya Ya will live ________ rest of her life in her
hometown, China.
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
26．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）My parents took me to the amusement park on ________ Day. There
were so many exciting things to do there.
A．Children’s B．Children C．Child’s
27．（2023·湖南益阳·统考中考真题）—Shall we play ________ soccer this afternoon?
—Sounds good, but I don’t have ________ soccer.
A．the; a B．a; the C．/; a
28．（2023·湖南邵阳·统考中考真题）—Hi, Wang Li, who is Miss Deng?
—Miss Deng is ________ nice teacher and she is very popular in our school.
A．a B．an C．/
29．（2022·甘肃定西·统考中考真题）The ________ rang and Pat answered it. It was his son calling from New
York.
A．telephone B．doorbell C．clock D．bike
30．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）________ father is a pilot. He has been to many countries around the
world.
A．Tony and Peter’s B．Tony’s and Peter C．Tony’s and Peter’s
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31．（2022·江苏徐州·统考中考真题）From my ________ on the top of the TV tower, I can have a perfect
view of our city.
A．tradition B．condition C．position D．situation
32．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）—There will be ________ tomorrow. We can’t eat out.
—Well, we have to stay at home.
A．rainy B．rain C．raining
33．（2023·湖南邵阳·统考中考真题）—What animals did you see on the farm, Tom?
—I saw some ________.
A．rabbit B．ducks C．sheeps
34．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考模拟预测）—How time flies! It’s two _______ since we met last.
—So it is. I miss you so much.
A．monthes B．months C．months’
35．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·校考二模）—There will be ________ tomorrow. We can make a snowman.
—Sounds great.
A．snow B．snowy C．snowing
36．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·校考二模）We Chinese usually put things on the plate while people in ________ are
supposed to put bread on the table.
A．Japan B．Germany C．France
37．（2023·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）“The ________ trust has been my greatest source of strength（力量源
泉）to go forward and also the greatest responsibility on my shoulders,” Chinese President Xi Jinping said.
A．people B．people’s C．peoples
38．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第四十七中学校考模拟预测）I will try my best for ________ exciting
progress in less than one month.
A．an B．a C．/
39．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）More and more ________ want to learn about Chinese culture.
A．Germans B．German C．Germany D．Germans’
40．（2023·四川达州·统考中考真题）—Hi, Lily, have you ever heard of Zibo, ________ city in ________
center of Shandong province, which is known for its barbecue these days?
—Sure. I expect to visit it and have a taste of the special food.
A．a, a B．a, the C．the, the
41．（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）China is ________ country with a history of more than 5,000 years.
A．the B．a C．an D．/
42．（2023·辽宁沈阳·统考中考真题）The spirit of Lei Feng always encourages us to give ________ hand to
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others.
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
43．（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）Yangzhou is ________ city full of ________ history, culture and
mouthwatering food.
A．the; a B．a; a C．the; the D．a; /
44．（2023·新疆·中考真题）—Have you heard of Xu Fengcan, ___________ excellent pilot?
—Yes, she made every effort on ___________ way to growing into a real pilot.
A．the；/ B．the；a C．an；the D．an；/
45．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）China’s panda Ya Ya finished ________ 30-day stay in Shanghai after landing
in China and then was sent to Beijing Zoo in ________ May.
A．a; a B．a; the C．the; a D．a; /
46．（2023·山东滨州·统考中考真题）—What do you think of the guide book Lonely Planet?
—Oh, it is really _________ useful one. You can always find _________ information you need while traveling.
A．a; a B．an; an C．a; the D．an; the
47．（2023·山东东营·统考中考真题）After taking ________ class from Tiangong space station on October
12th, 2022, I became interested in science.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
48．（2023·江苏南通·统考中考真题）As a student in modern China, everybody should work hard to live
________ meaningful life.
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
49．（2022·山东滨州·统考中考真题）—How did you put together the model plane so perfectly?
—It's easy. I just followed the ________．
A．instructions B．instruments
C．interviews D．inventions
50．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）With the introduction of the “double reduction” policy (双减政策),
one of the ________ ________ that the students have less homework.
A．changes; is B．change; is C．changes; are
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