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chapter 3 被动语态 笔记
Passive Voice
·模块一 需要使用被动语态的情况
·模块二 各时态的被动语态结构
·模块三 主动语态和被动语态的转换
·模块四 双宾语结构的被动转换
·模块五 不能使用被动语态的词和词组
·模块六 常见主动语态表被动的词和词组
·模块七 have sth. done的双重含义
模块一 需要使用被动语态的情况
1. 不知道或不必提及动作的执行者
This bridge was built in 1700.
这座桥建于1700年。
2. 强调动作的承受者
Frank was hit by a car.
弗兰克被车撞了。
3. 说话者希望所说的内容更加客观，避免就自己不太肯定的事表态
It is said that Japan’s industrial progress after the war was very remarkable.
据说战后日本的工业进步非常显著。
模块二 各时态的被动语态结构
被动语态的基本结构为：be done
请完成表格：（以do为例）
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一般 进行 完成
现在
过去
将来
过去
将来
♥Attention♥
含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must + be + done
芝士蛋糕必须得趁冷吃。
Cheese cake cold.
★小试身手★
请用下面括号内单词的适当形式填空：
1) A speech (give) this afternoon.
2) The classroom (clean) every day.
3) Some effective measures (take) since last year.
4) My mother’s favorite vase (break) yesterday.
5) The book (read) four times by the end of last semester.
6) An amusement park (build) in our city now.
7) The technician told me that my watch (repair) in 1 hour.
8) The problem (discuss) this time yesterday.
9) He said that he (invite) to the party.
10) Thousands of trees (plant) in this area by the end of this year.
11) The clothes may (deliver) to the poor area next month.
模块三 主动语态和被动语态的转换
1. 陈述句改为被动句
Step1:主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语
Step2:动词结构作相应变化（be+过去分词）
Step3:by+主动语态的主语（可省略）
Step4:其他照抄
He was making a model plane.
2. 一般疑问句改为被动句
Step1:be动词/情态动词/助动词放句首
Step2:主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语
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Step3:被动结构的其他成分
Step4:by+主动语态的主语（可省略）
Step5:其他照抄
Did Mike’s teacher give much homework yesterday?
3. 特殊疑问句改为被动句
Step1:特殊疑问词不变
Step2:be动词/情态动词/助动词提前
Step3:主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语（主动语态特殊疑问词作宾语则这步省略）
Step4:被动结构的其他成分
Step5:by+主动语态的主语（可省略）
Step6:其他照抄
When will Jack finish his homework?
What did Linda’s father mend last night?
What last night?
★小试身手★
请把下列句子变为被动句：
1) I was sure people would punish him.
2) They may open a new school next year.
3) Can the boy pick up heavy weights?
4) Will your mother kiss you on your wedding day next week?
Will on your wedding day next week?
模块四 双宾语结构的被动转换
双宾语结构的转换原则
He gave her a rose. = He gave a rose to her.
A rose . (物做主语有介词)
She . (人做主语无介词)
★小试身手★
请改写下列句子，保持句意不变：
1) My father bought me a Mini Cooper.
物做主语：
人做主语：
2) The waiter has not brought us the coffee.
物做主语：
人做主语：
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♥Attention♥
以下动词与介词to搭配
award, bring, give, hand, leave, lend, mail, play, post, promise, pass, read, return, recommend（推
荐）, sell, send, serve（招待）, show, sing, take, teach, tell, throw, write
以下动词与介词for搭配
boil, book, bring, build, buy, call, catch, change, choose, cook, cut, do, draw, fetch, find, fix, gather,
get, keep, leave, make, order, pick, prepare, reserve（预留）, sing, save
★小试身手★
请用括号里的词翻译句子：
1) 这个房间是为史密斯一家预定的。(reserve)
2) 你不要指望任何人能为了你而变化。(change)
模块五 不能使用被动语态的词和词组
1. 不及物动词及短语
出现 死 消失
躺 升起 同意
属于 爆发 由…组成
赶上 发生
2. 静态动词
变成 有益于 等于
失败 包含 缺少
持续 意味着 值…钱
适合
模块六 常见主动语态表被动的词和词组
1. 常见系动词：
smell, sound, taste, feel, look, seem, appear, prove
井水尝起来好甜。
The well water这块丝绸布料摸起来很光滑。
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2. This silk一些动词在主动表示被动时，通常和well等副词连用，这些动词有：
clean/cut/cook/draw/play/read/sell/wash/wear/write/run/ride +well
这支笔很好写。
This pen
这幅眼镜戴起来很舒服。
This pair of glasses
3. 用动名词的主动形式来代替被动，这类动词主要有：
want/need/require/deserve +doing =want/need/require to be done
孩子们需要照看。
The children
你值得拥有这些奖励。
You
4. be worth doing sth. 某事值得做
Anything worth doing is worth doing well.
5. be + adj. + to do
当这个句型的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时，我们一般用主动表被动。
English is hard to learn.（English是to learn的逻辑宾语，所以不用被动。）
这本书很难跟上。(follow)
他说的话很容易理解。(What he said)
模块七 have sth. done的双重含义
1. 某事被别人完成
你多久剪一次头发？
How often do you
2. 某人的一种经历
我昨晚把手臂摔断了。
Iyesterday.
★真题综合试炼★
1．（2023·四川乐山·统考中考真题）—Who’s the little girl in the photo?
—It’s me. The photo ________ when I was five years old.
A．took B．was taken C．is taken
2．（2022·辽宁抚顺·统考中考真题）It’s said that the kite _______ in China over 2000 years ago.
A．invents B．invented C．was invented D．is invented
3．（2023·四川成都·统考中考真题）A great number of beautiful flowers ________ on the second ring road in
Chengdu these days.
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A．plant B．are planted C．are planting
4．（2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）The panda Ya Ya ________ back to China on April 27th, 2023.
A．is brought B．was brought C．will be brought
5．（2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考中考真题）— Why do the elephants in Thailand have to ________?
— Because humans there catch them for their ivory to make money.
A．protect B．be protected C．are protected
6．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）The students ________ how to do eye exercises just now.
A．was taught B．were taught C．taught
7．（2023·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）Panda Ya Ya ________ back to Beijing about three weeks ago.
A．was brought B．is brought C．brought
8．（2023·湖南怀化·统考中考真题）The cake ______ by the hungry students quickly yesterday.
A．eats B．is eaten C．was eaten
9．（2022·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）—Do Chinese people like ping-pong a lot?
—Yes. It _______ by people of all ages.
A．plays B．is played C．played D．was played
10．（2023·北京·统考中考真题）The park is getting more and more beautiful because more kinds of flowers
________ every year.
A．are planted B．were planted C．plant D．planted
11．（2022·吉林长春·统考中考真题）Li Yan ________ to the welcome party yesterday.
A．invites B．is invited C．was invited D．will invite
12．（2022·湖北黄石·统考中考真题）—Do you think junior high school students ________ to get their ears
pierced?
—No, I don’t think so. It is against the school rules.
A．should allow B．allow C．have allowed D．should be allowed
13．（2022·江苏盐城·统考中考真题）Spud Webb ________ at first because of his height, but he didn’t lose
heart.
A．refuses B．refused C．was refused D．will be refused
14．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）The second “Tiangong Lecture” kicked off! Bing Dwen Dwen
________ a teaching tool!
A．is used for B．was used for C．is used as D．was used as
15．（2022·青海·统考中考真题）Our school held the graduation ceremony last Friday. All the parents
________ to cheer us up.
A．are invited B．were invited C．will be invited
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16．（2022·内蒙古·中考真题）—What a mess! The sharing bikes ________ everywhere.
—Let’s collect and put them in the right place so that they can be used conveniently.
A．throw B．threw C．is thrown D．are thrown
17．（2023·四川达州·统考中考真题）—Would you mind telling me if he ________ the meeting in two days?
—He won’t, unless he ________.
A．will attend, is invited B．attends, will be invited C．will attend, invites
18．（2023·四川凉山·统考中考真题）—We’re so proud that China is getting stronger and stronger.
—Yes. As you can see, Chinese ________ by more and more foreigners.
A．learns B．is learned C．was learned
19．（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）Tea is very popular in the world. It ________ in many different areas in
China now.
A．produces B．produced C．is produced D．was produced
20．（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）To make the environment much better, more trees ________ next
year.
A．plant B．will plant C．are planted D．will be planted
21．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）Many trees and flowers ________ every year to make our environment
more beautiful.
A．plant B．are planted C．were planted
22．（2023·福建·统考中考真题）Modern technologies ________ in the 19 Asian Games in September, 2023.
A．were used B．are using C．will be used
23．（2023·湖北孝感·统考中考真题）— Have you heard of the UN Chinese Language Day?
— Of course. Chinese ________ by more and more people around the world nowadays.
A．spoke B．is spoken C．speaks D．was spoken
24．（2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题）Many research labs ________ in the future to develop science and
technology in China.
A．are building B．will be built C．were built
25．（2023·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）—What language ________ in Germany?
—Most people speak German, but many can speak English, too.
A．speak B．is spoken C．is speaking D．speaks
26．（2023·吉林·统考中考真题）—The environment of this town is better now.
—That’s because lots of trees ________ here many years ago.
A．are planted B．were planted C．will be planted
27．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）—Students ________ a few open questions in Ms. Li’s class, did you notice
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that?
—Yes, I think she wanted to train their ability of creative thinking.
A．are asked B．were asked
C．will be asked D．should be asked
28．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）The 19th Asian Games ________ in Hangzhou from September 23
to October 8, 2023.
A．was held B．will hold C．will be held
29．（2023·山东滨州·统考中考真题）—Can he get the first prize in the race?
—He ________ so, but he has just hurt his leg. It’s impossible now.
A．will expect to do B．is expected doing
C．has expected doing D．was expected to do
30．（2023·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）When I was a pupil, some of my pocket money ________ to buy comic
books.
A．use B．is used C．used D．was used
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