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chapter 3 被动语态 笔记
Passive Voice
·模块一 需要使用被动语态的情况
·模块二 各时态的被动语态结构
·模块三 主动语态和被动语态的转换
·模块四 双宾语结构的被动转换
·模块五 不能使用被动语态的词和词组
·模块六 常见主动语态表被动的词和词组
·模块七 have sth. done的双重含义
模块一 需要使用被动语态的情况
1. 不知道或不必提及动作的执行者
This bridge was built in 1700.
这座桥建于1700年。
2. 强调动作的承受者
Frank was hit by a car.
弗兰克被车撞了。
3. 说话者希望所说的内容更加客观，避免就自己不太肯定的事表态
It is said that Japan’s industrial progress after the war was very remarkable.
据说战后日本的工业进步非常显著。
模块二 各时态的被动语态结构
被动语态的基本结构为：be done
请完成表格：（以do为例）
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一般 进行 完成
现在 am/is/are done am/is/are being done have/has been done
过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done
将来 will be done will have been done
am/is/are going to be
done
过去 would be done would have been
将来 was/were going to done
be done
♥Attention♥
含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must + be + done
芝士蛋糕必须得趁冷吃。
Cheese cake must be served cold.
★小试身手★
请用下面括号内单词的适当形式填空：
1) A speech will be given/was given (give) this afternoon.
2) The classroom is cleaned (clean) every day.
3) Some effective measures have been taken (take) since last year.
4) My mother’s favorite vase was broken (break) yesterday.
5) The book had been read (read) four times by the end of last semester.
6) An amusement park is being built (build) in our city now.
7) The technician told me that my watch would be repaired (repair) in 1 hour.
8) The problem was being discussed (discuss) this time yesterday.
9) He said that he had been invited/would be invited (invite) to the party.
10) Thousands of trees will have been planted (plant) in this area by the end of this year.
11) The clothes may be delivered (deliver) to the poor area next month.
模块三 主动语态和被动语态的转换
1. 陈述句改为被动句
Step1:主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语
Step2:动词结构作相应变化（be+过去分词）
Step3:by+主动语态的主语（可省略）
Step4:其他照抄
He was making a model plane.
A model plane was being made (by him).
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2. 一般疑问句改为被动句
Step1:be动词/情态动词/助动词放句首
Step2:主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语
Step3:被动结构的其他成分
Step4:by+主动语态的主语（可省略）
Step5:其他照抄
Did Mike’s teacher give much homework yesterday?
Was much homework given by Mike’s teacher yesterday?
3. 特殊疑问句改为被动句
Step1:特殊疑问词不变
Step2:be动词/情态动词/助动词提前
Step3:主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语（主动语态特殊疑问词作宾语则这步省略）
Step4:被动结构的其他成分
Step5:by+主动语态的主语（可省略）
Step6:其他照抄
When will Jack finish his homework?
When will Jack’s homework be finished by him?
What did Linda’s father mend last night?
What was mended by Linda’s father last night?
★小试身手★
请把下列句子变为被动句：
1) I was sure people would punish him.
I was sure he would be punished by me.
2) They may open a new school next year.
A new school may be opened next year by them.
3) Can the boy pick up heavy weights?
Can heavy weights be picked up by the boy?
4) Will your mother kiss you on your wedding day next week?
Will you be kissed by your mother on your wedding day next week?
模块四 双宾语结构的被动转换
双宾语结构的转换原则
He gave her a rose. = He gave a rose to her.
A rose was given to her. (物做主语有介词)
She was given a rose. (人做主语无介词)
★小试身手★
请改写下列句子，保持句意不变：
1) My father bought me a Mini Cooper.
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物做主语：A Mini Cooper was bought for me by my mother.
人做主语：I was bought a Mini Cooper by my mother.
2) The waiter has not brought us the coffee.
物做主语：The coffee hasn't been brought to us by the waiter.
人做主语：We haven't been brought the coffee by the waiter.
♥Attention♥
以下动词与介词to搭配
award, bring, give, hand, leave, lend, mail, play, post, promise, pass, read, return, recommend（推
荐）, sell, send, serve（招待）, show, sing, take, teach, tell, throw, write
以下动词与介词for搭配
boil, book, bring, build, buy, call, catch, change, choose, cook, cut, do, draw, fetch, find, fix, gather,
get, keep, leave, make, order, pick, prepare, reserve（预留）, sing, save
★小试身手★
请用括号里的词翻译句子：
1) 这个房间是为史密斯一家预定的。(reserve)
This room is reserved for the Smiths.
2) 你不要指望任何人能为了你而变化。(change)
No one is expected to change for you.
模块五 不能使用被动语态的词和词组
1. 不及物动词及短语
出现 appear 死 die 消失 disappear
躺 lie 升起 rise 同意 agree
属于 belong to 爆发 break out 由…组成 consist of
赶上 keep up 发生 happen take place occur
with
2. 静态动词
变成 become 有益于 benefit 等于 equal
失败 fail 包含 contain 缺少 lack
持续 last 意味着 mean 值…钱 cost
适合 suit fit
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模块六 常见主动语态表被动的词和词组
1. 常见系动词：
smell, sound, taste, feel, look, seem, appear, prove
井水尝起来好甜。
The well water tastes sweet.
这块丝绸布料摸起来很光滑。
This silk feels very smooth.
2. 一些动词在主动表示被动时，通常和well等副词连用，这些动词有：
clean/cut/cook/draw/play/read/sell/wash/wear/write/run/ride +well
这支笔很好写。
This pen writes well.
这幅眼镜戴起来很舒服。
This pair of glasses wears comfortably.
3. 用动名词的主动形式来代替被动，这类动词主要有：
want/need/require/deserve +doing =want/need/require to be done
孩子们需要照看。
The children need looking after.
你值得拥有这些奖励。
You deserve owning these prizes.
4. be worth doing sth. 某事值得做
Anything worth doing is worth doing well.
值得做的事就值得做好。
5. be + adj. + to do
当这个句型的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时，我们一般用主动表被动。
English is hard to learn.（English是to learn的逻辑宾语，所以不用被动。）
这本书很难跟上。(follow)
The book is hard to follow.
他说的话很容易理解。(What he said)
What he said is easy to understand.
模块七 have sth. done的双重含义
1. 某事被别人完成
你多久剪一次头发？
How often do you have your hair cut?
2. 某人的一种经历
我昨晚把手臂摔断了。
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I had my arm broken yesterday.
★真题综合试炼★
1．（2023·四川乐山·统考中考真题）—Who’s the little girl in the photo?
—It’s me. The photo ________ when I was five years old.
A．took B．was taken C．is taken
2．（2022·辽宁抚顺·统考中考真题）It’s said that the kite _______ in China over 2000 years ago.
A．invents B．invented C．was invented D．is invented
3．（2023·四川成都·统考中考真题）A great number of beautiful flowers ________ on the second ring road in
Chengdu these days.
A．plant B．are planted C．are planting
4．（2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）The panda Ya Ya ________ back to China on April 27th, 2023.
A．is brought B．was brought C．will be brought
5．（2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考中考真题）— Why do the elephants in Thailand have to ________?
— Because humans there catch them for their ivory to make money.
A．protect B．be protected C．are protected
6．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）The students ________ how to do eye exercises just now.
A．was taught B．were taught C．taught
7．（2023·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）Panda Ya Ya ________ back to Beijing about three weeks ago.
A．was brought B．is brought C．brought
8．（2023·湖南怀化·统考中考真题）The cake ______ by the hungry students quickly yesterday.
A．eats B．is eaten C．was eaten
9．（2022·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）—Do Chinese people like ping-pong a lot?
—Yes. It _______ by people of all ages.
A．plays B．is played C．played D．was played
10．（2023·北京·统考中考真题）The park is getting more and more beautiful because more kinds of flowers
________ every year.
A．are planted B．were planted C．plant D．planted
11．（2022·吉林长春·统考中考真题）Li Yan ________ to the welcome party yesterday.
A．invites B．is invited C．was invited D．will invite
12．（2022·湖北黄石·统考中考真题）—Do you think junior high school students ________ to get their ears
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pierced?
—No, I don’t think so. It is against the school rules.
A．should allow B．allow C．have allowed D．should be allowed
13．（2022·江苏盐城·统考中考真题）Spud Webb ________ at first because of his height, but he didn’t lose
heart.
A．refuses B．refused C．was refused D．will be refused
14．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）The second “Tiangong Lecture” kicked off! Bing Dwen Dwen
________ a teaching tool!
A．is used for B．was used for C．is used as D．was used as
15．（2022·青海·统考中考真题）Our school held the graduation ceremony last Friday. All the parents
________ to cheer us up.
A．are invited B．were invited C．will be invited
16．（2022·内蒙古·中考真题）—What a mess! The sharing bikes ________ everywhere.
—Let’s collect and put them in the right place so that they can be used conveniently.
A．throw B．threw C．is thrown D．are thrown
17．（2023·四川达州·统考中考真题）—Would you mind telling me if he ________ the meeting in two days?
—He won’t, unless he ________.
A．will attend, is invited B．attends, will be invited C．will attend, invites
18．（2023·四川凉山·统考中考真题）—We’re so proud that China is getting stronger and stronger.
—Yes. As you can see, Chinese ________ by more and more foreigners.
A．learns B．is learned C．was learned
19．（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）Tea is very popular in the world. It ________ in many different areas in
China now.
A．produces B．produced C．is produced D．was produced
20．（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）To make the environment much better, more trees ________ next
year.
A．plant B．will plant C．are planted D．will be planted
21．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）Many trees and flowers ________ every year to make our environment
more beautiful.
A．plant B．are planted C．were planted
22．（2023·福建·统考中考真题）Modern technologies ________ in the 19 Asian Games in September, 2023.
A．were used B．are using C．will be used
23．（2023·湖北孝感·统考中考真题）— Have you heard of the UN Chinese Language Day?
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— Of course. Chinese ________ by more and more people around the world nowadays.
A．spoke B．is spoken C．speaks D．was spoken
24．（2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题）Many research labs ________ in the future to develop science and
technology in China.
A．are building B．will be built C．were built
25．（2023·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）—What language ________ in Germany?
—Most people speak German, but many can speak English, too.
A．speak B．is spoken C．is speaking D．speaks
26．（2023·吉林·统考中考真题）—The environment of this town is better now.
—That’s because lots of trees ________ here many years ago.
A．are planted B．were planted C．will be planted
27．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）—Students ________ a few open questions in Ms. Li’s class, did you notice
that?
—Yes, I think she wanted to train their ability of creative thinking.
A．are asked B．were asked
C．will be asked D．should be asked
28．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）The 19th Asian Games ________ in Hangzhou from September 23
to October 8, 2023.
A．was held B．will hold C．will be held
29．（2023·山东滨州·统考中考真题）—Can he get the first prize in the race?
—He ________ so, but he has just hurt his leg. It’s impossible now.
A．will expect to do B．is expected doing
C．has expected doing D．was expected to do
30．（2023·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）When I was a pupil, some of my pocket money ________ to buy comic
books.
A．use B．is used C．used D．was used
参考答案：
1．B
【详解】句意：——照片里的小女孩是谁？——是我。这张照片是我五岁时拍的。
考查被动语态。主语“The photo”与动词take之间是被动关系，结合“when I was five years old.”可知，用
一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was，故选B。
2．C
【详解】句意：据说风筝是2000多年前在中国发明的。
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考查被动语态。分析句子可知kite和动词invent之间是被动关系，结合“over 2000 years ago.”可知应用一
般过去时的被动语态，故选C。
3．B
【详解】句意：这些天，成都的二环路上种了许多美丽的花。
考查被动语态。主语和动词plant之间是被动关系，此处应用被动语态：be done。故选B。
4．B
【详解】句意：大熊猫丫丫于2023年4月27日被带回中国。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合时间状语“on April 27th, 2023”可知，用一
般过去时的被动语态。故选B。
5．B
【详解】句意：——为什么泰国的大象必须受到保护？——因为那里的人类为了赚钱而抓大象取象牙。
考查被动语态。elephants和protect之间是被动关系，此处用含情态动词的被动语态have to be done。故选
B。
6．B
【详解】句意：刚才教学生们如何做眼保健操。
考查被动语态。主语The students和谓语teach之间是被动关系，根据“just now”可知此处用一般过去时的
被动语态was/were done，主语是名词复数，be动词用were。故选B。
7．A
【详解】句意：熊猫丫丫大约三周前被带回北京。
考查被动语态。主语“Panda Ya Ya”与动词bring是被动关系，结合“three weeks ago”可知，此处用一般过
去时的被动语态，故选A。
8．C
【详解】句意：昨天，那个蛋糕被饥饿的学生们很快吃完了。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“yesterday”可知句子应用一般过去时，主语The cake与动词eat存在逻
辑上的被动关系，因此句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：was/were+过去分词。故选C。
9．B
【详解】句意：——中国人很喜欢乒乓球吗？——是的。各个年龄段的人都打乒乓球。
考查时态与语态。主语“It”指代乒乓球，与动词play之间是动宾关系，结合“Do Chinese people like ping-
pong a lot?”可知用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为am/is/are done。故选B。
10．A
【详解】句意：这个公园变得越来越美丽因为每年都有更多种花被种。
考查时态和语态。主语“more kinds of flowers”与动词plant之间是动宾关系，结合“every year”可知用一
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般现在时的被动语态，其结构为am/is/are done。故选A。
11．C
【详解】句意：李燕被邀请参加昨天的欢迎会。
考查一般过去时被动语态。根据yesterday可知，此句是一般过去时，主语Li Yan与动词invite之间是被
动语态，故此处用一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构，故选C。
12．D
【详解】句意：——你认为初中学生应该被允许打耳洞吗？——不，我不这么认为。这是违反校规的。
考查被动语态。主语students和动词allow之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故选D。
13．C
【详解】句意：斯普德·韦伯最初因为身高而被拒绝，但他没有灰心。
考查被动语态。主语Spud Webb与动词refuse之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，即他被拒绝，故为被动语态。
结合“but he didn’t lose heart.”可知，时态是一般过去时，故为一般过去时的被动语态，结构是was/were
done。故选C。
14．D
【详解】句意：第二届“天宫讲座”拉开帷幕！冰墩墩被用作教学工具！
考查动词短语和时态。be used for被用于做某事，表示用途；be used as被用作……，表示身份或工具。
根据“kicked”可知时态是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，排除A，C；结合“Bing Dwen
Dwen ... a teaching tool!”可知，冰墩墩被当作教学工具使用，故选D。
15．B
【详解】句意：我们学校上周五举行了毕业典礼。所有的家长都被邀请来给我们打气。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last Friday”可知，时态是一般过去时，主语是动作的承受者，所以用
一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。
16．D
【详解】句意：——真是一团糟！共享单车随处可见。——让我们把它们收集起来，放在合适的地方，
以便方便使用。
考查被动语态。句子主语与动词之间是被动关系，此处应用被动语态，主语是复数名词，be动词用are，
故选D。
17．A
【详解】句意：——你介意告诉我他两天后是否会参加会议吗？——除非有人邀请，否则他不会参加的。
考查时态和语态。第一处if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句，结合“in two days”可知，用一般将来时“will
do”，排除B；分析“He won’t, unless he...”可知，该句是以unless引导的时间状语从句，时态遵循“主将
从现”，从句主语he是动作的承受者，所以用一般现在时被动语态“is done”，故选A。
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18．B
【详解】句意：——我们为中国越来越强大感到骄傲。——是的。正如你所看到的，越来越多的外国人
学习汉语。
考查被动语态。主语Chinese和动词learn之间是被动关系，结合语境可知现在汉语被越来越多的外国人
学习，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。
19．C
【详解】句意：茶在世界上很受欢迎。现在中国许多不同的地区都产茶。
考查被动语态。根据now可知，此句是一般现在时，主语It与动词produce之间是被动关系，所以此处用
一般现在时被动语态am/is/are done的结构，故选C。
20．D
【详解】句意：为了使环境更好，明年将种植更多的树。
考查一般将来时被动语态。主语more trees与动词plant之间被动关系，结合next year可知，此处用一般
将来时被动语态will be done的结构，故选D。
21．B
【详解】句意：每年种植许多树木和鲜花，使我们的环境更加美丽。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合时间状语“every year”可知，用一般现在时
的被动语态。故选B。
22．C
【详解】句意：现代技术将在2023年9月举行的第19届亚运会上使用。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合时间状语“in September, 2023”可知，是将
来时，所以用一般将来时的被动语态。故选C。
23．B
【详解】句意：——你听说过联合国汉语日吗？——当然。如今，全世界越来越多的人说汉语。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“nowadays”可知句子应用一般现在时，主语Chinese与谓语动词speak
存在逻辑上的被动关系，因此句子应用一般现在时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：am/is/are+过去分词。故
选B。
24．B
【详解】句意：未来将建设许多研究实验室，以发展中国的科学技术。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。主语labs和谓语build“建造”之间是被动关系，根据“in the future”可知句
子用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选B。
25．B
【详解】句意：——在德国说哪种语言？——大多数人会说德语，但也有很多人会说英语。
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考查一般现在时的被动语态。句子应用一般现在时，句子主语language与动词speak存在逻辑上的被动关
系，则句子采用一般现在时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：am/is/are+过去分词。故选B。
26．B
【详解】句意：——这个城镇的环境现在好多了。——那是因为许多年前这里种了许多树。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合时间状语“many years ago”可知，动作发生
在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。
27．B
【详解】句意：——在李老师的课上，学生们被问了几个开放性的问题，你注意到了么？——是的，我
想她是想培养他们的创造性思维能力。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“did you notice that”可知前面句子是一般过去时，主语“Students”和动
词“ask”之间是被动关系，所以此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语结构是was/were done。故选B。
28．C
【详解】句意：第十九届亚运会将于2023年9月23日至10月8日在杭州举行。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据时间状语“from September 23 to October 8, 2023.”可知，句子时态用一
般将来时，且主语“The 19th Asian Games”和谓语动词hold之间是被动关系，因此应用一般将来时的被动
语态，结构为：will be+动词的过去分词。故选C。
29．D
【详解】句意：——他能在比赛中获得第一名吗？——大家都希望他这样，但他只是把腿弄伤了。现在
不可能了。
考查动词时态和语态。主语He和expect之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态，结合“but he has just hurt his
leg. It’s impossible now.”可知，期望的动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，be expected to do
sth“被期望做某事”，固定短语，故选D。
30．D
【详解】句意：当我还是个学生的时候，我的一些零花钱被用来买漫画书。
考查被动语态。分析题干可知，主语pocket money和动词use之间是被动关系，结合“When I was a
pupil”可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选D。
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