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专题模块0七3 被动语态 ha 知 ve 识 sth. 梳 don 理 e的双重含义
Passive Voice
·模块一 需要使用被动语态的情况
·模块二 各时态的被动语态结构
·模块三 主动语态和被动语态的转换
·模块四 双宾语结构的被动转换
·模块五 不能使用被动语态的词和词组
·模块六 常见主动语态表被动的词和词组
·模块七 have sth. done的双重含义
需要使用被动语态的情况
1. 不知道或不必提及动作的执行者
This bridge was built in 1700.
这座桥建于1700年。
2. 强调动作的承受者
Frank was hit by a car.
弗兰克被车撞了。
3. 说话者希望所说的内容更加客观，避免就自己不太肯定的事表态
It is said that Japan’s industrial progress after the war was very remarkable.
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据说战后日本的工业进步非常显著。
各时态的被动语态结构
被动语态的基本结构为：be done
请完成表格：（以do为例）
一般 进行 完成
现 _____________________ _______________ _______________
在 ______ ______
过 _____________________ _______________ _______________
去 ______ ______
将 ______________________________ _______________
来 ____________ ______
过 ____________________ _______________
去 _____
____________________
将
来
♥Attention♥
含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must + be + done
芝士蛋糕必须得趁冷吃。
Cheese cake _____________________ cold.
★小试身手★
请用下面括号内单词的适当形式填空：
1) A speech _____________________ (give) this afternoon.
2) The classroom _____________________ (clean) every day.
3) Some effective measures _____________________ (take) since last year.
4) My mother’s favorite vase _____________________ (break) yesterday.
5) The book _____________________ (read) four times by the end of last semester.
6) An amusement park _____________________ (build) in our city now.
7) The technician told me that my watch _____________________ (repair) in 1 hour.
8) The problem _____________________ (discuss) this time yesterday.
9) He said that he _____________________ (invite) to the party.
10) Thousands of trees _____________________ (plant) in this area by the end of this year.
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11) The clothes may _____________________ (deliver) to the poor area next month.
主动语态和被动语态的转换
1. 陈述句改为被动句
Step 1: 主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语
Step 2: 动词结构作相应变化（be+过去分词）
Step 3: by+主动语态的主语（可省略）
Step 4: 其他照抄
He was making a model plane.
_________________________________________________________
2. 一般疑问句改为被动句
Step 1: be动词/情态动词/助动词放句首
Step 2: 主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语
Step 3: 被动结构的其他成分
Step 4: by+主动语态的主语（可省略）
Step 5: 其他照抄
Did Mike’s teacher give much homework yesterday?
_________________________________________________________
3. 特殊疑问句改为被动句
Step 1: 特殊疑问词不变
Step 2: be动词/情态动词/助动词提前
Step 3: 主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语（主动语态特殊疑问词作宾语则这步省略）
Step 4: 被动结构的其他成分
Step 5: by+主动语态的主语（可省略）
Step 6: 其他照抄
When will Jack finish his homework?
_____________________What did Linda’s father mend last night?
What _____________________ last night?
★小试身手★
请把下列句子变为被动句：
1) I was sure people would punish him.
_________________________________________________________
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2) They may open a new school next year.
_____________________
3) Can the boy pick up heavy weights?
_____________________
4) Will your mother kiss you on your wedding day next week?
Will _____________________ on your wedding day next week?
双宾语结构的被动转换
双宾语结构的转换原则
He gave her a rose. = He gave a rose to her.
A rose _____________________. (物做主语有介词)
She _____________________. (人做主语无介词)
★小试身手★
请改写下列句子，保持句意不变：
1) My father bought me a Mini Cooper.
物做主语：______________________________________
人做主语：______________________________________
2) The waiter has not brought us the coffee.
物做主语：______________________________________
人做主语：______________________________________
♥Attention♥
以下动词与介词to搭配
award, bring, give, hand, leave, lend, mail, play, post, promise, pass, read, return, recommend（推
荐）, sell, send, serve（招待）, show, sing, take, teach, tell, throw, write
以下动词与介词for搭配
boil, book, bring, build, buy, call, catch, change, choose, cook, cut, do, draw, fetch, find, fix, gather,
get, keep, leave, make, order, pick, prepare, reserve（预留）, sing, save
★小试身手★
请用括号里的词翻译句子：
1) 这个房间是为史密斯一家预定的。(reserve)
___________________________________________________________
2) 你不要指望任何人能为了你而变化。(change)
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___________________________________________________________
不能使用被动语态的词和词组
1. 不及物动词及短语
出现 _______________ 死 _______________ 消失 _______________
躺 _______________ 升起 _______________ 同意 _______________
属于 _______________ 爆发 _______________ 由…组成 _______________
赶上 _______________ 发生 _______________ ________ _______________
_______
2. 静态动词
常见主动语态表被动的词和词组
变成 _______________ 有益于 _______________ 等于 _______________
失败 _______________ 包含 _______________ 缺少 _______________
持续 _______________ 意味着 _______________ 值…钱 _______________
适合 _______________ ______
______
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