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专题模块0七3 被动语态 ha 知 ve 识 sth. 梳 don 理 e的双重含义
Passive Voice
·模块一 需要使用被动语态的情况
·模块二 各时态的被动语态结构
·模块三 主动语态和被动语态的转换
·模块四 双宾语结构的被动转换
·模块五 不能使用被动语态的词和词组
·模块六 常见主动语态表被动的词和词组
·模块七 have sth. done的双重含义
需要使用被动语态的情况
1. 不知道或不必提及动作的执行者
This bridge was built in 1700.
这座桥建于1700年。
2. 强调动作的承受者
Frank was hit by a car.
弗兰克被车撞了。
3. 说话者希望所说的内容更加客观，避免就自己不太肯定的事表态
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It is said that Japan’s industrial progress after the war was very remarkable.
据说战后日本的工业进步非常显著。
各时态的被动语态结构
被动语态的基本结构为：be done
请完成表格：（以do为例）
一般 进行 完成
现在 am/is/are done am/is/are being done have/has been done
过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done
将来 will be done will have been done
am/is/are going to be
过去将来 would be done would have been
done
was/were going to
be done
♥Attention♥
含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must + be + done
芝士蛋糕必须得趁冷吃。
Cheese cake must be served cold.
★小试身手★
请用下面括号内单词的适当形式填空：
1) A speech will be given/was given (give) this afternoon.
2) The classroom is cleaned (clean) every day.
3) Some effective measures have been taken (take) since last year.
4) My mother’s favorite vase was broken (break) yesterday.
5) The book had been read (read) four times by the end of last semester.
6) An amusement park is being built (build) in our city now.
7) The technician told me that my watch would be repaired (repair) in 1 hour.
8) The problem was being discussed (discuss) this time yesterday.
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9) He said that he had been invited/would be invited (invite) to the party.
10) Thousands of trees will have been planted (plant) in this area by the end of this year.
11) The clothes may be delivered (deliver) to the poor area next month.
主动语态和被动语态的转换
1. 陈述句改为被动句
Step 1: 主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语
Step 2: 动词结构作相应变化（be+过去分词）
Step 3: by+主动语态的主语（可省略）
Step 4: 其他照抄
He was making a model plane.
A model plane was being made (by him).
2. 一般疑问句改为被动句
Step 1: be动词/情态动词/助动词放句首
Step 2: 主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语
Step 3: 被动结构的其他成分
Step 4: by+主动语态的主语（可省略）
Step 5: 其他照抄
Did Mike’s teacher give much homework yesterday?
Was much homework given by Mike’s teacher yesterday?
3. 特殊疑问句改为被动句
Step 1: 特殊疑问词不变
Step 2: be动词/情态动词/助动词提前
Step 3: 主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语（主动语态特殊疑问词作宾语则这步省略）
Step 4: 被动结构的其他成分
Step 5: by+主动语态的主语（可省略）
Step 6: 其他照抄
When will Jack finish his homework?
When will Jack’s homework be finished by him?
What did Linda’s father mend last night?
What was mended by Linda’s father last night?
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★小试身手★
请把下列句子变为被动句：
1) I was sure people would punish him.
I was sure he would be punished by me.
2) They may open a new school next year.
A new school may be opened next year by them.
3) Can the boy pick up heavy weights?
Can heavy weights be picked up by the boy?
4) Will your mother kiss you on your wedding day next week?
Will you be kissed by your mother on your wedding day next week?
双宾语结构的被动转换
双宾语结构的转换原则
He gave her a rose. = He gave a rose to her.
A rose was given to her. (物做主语有介词)
She was given a rose. (人做主语无介词)
★小试身手★
请改写下列句子，保持句意不变：
1) My father bought me a Mini Cooper.
物做主语：A Mini Cooper was bought for me by my mother.
人做主语：I was bought a Mini Cooper by my mother.
2) The waiter has not brought us the coffee.
物做主语：The coffee hasn't been brought to us by the waiter.
人做主语：We haven't been brought the coffee by the waiter.
♥Attention♥
以下动词与介词to搭配
award, bring, give, hand, leave, lend, mail, play, post, promise, pass, read, return, recommend（推
荐）, sell, send, serve（招待）, show, sing, take, teach, tell, throw, write
以下动词与介词for搭配
boil, book, bring, build, buy, call, catch, change, choose, cook, cut, do, draw, fetch, find, fix, gather,
get, keep, leave, make, order, pick, prepare, reserve（预留）, sing, save
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★小试身手★
请用括号里的词翻译句子：
1) 这个房间是为史密斯一家预定的。(reserve)
This room is reserved for the Smiths.
2) 你不要指望任何人能为了你而变化。(change)
No one is expected to change for you.
不能使用被动语态的词和词组
1. 不及物动词及短语
出现 appear 死 die 消失 disappear
躺 lie 升起 rise 同意 agree
属于 belong to 爆发 break out 由…组成 consist of
赶上 keep up 发生 happen take place occur
with
2. 静态动词
常见主动语态表被动的词和词组
变成 become 有益于 benefit 等于 equal
失败 fail 包含 contain 缺少 lack
持续 last 意味着 mean 值…钱 cost
适合 suit fit
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