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专题 04 情态动词 知识梳理
Modal Verb
·模块一 can/could/be able to用法分述。
·模块二 may/might用法分述。
·模块三 must/have to用法分述。
·模块四 should/ought to用法分述。
·模块五 need用法分述。
·模块六 will/would用法分述。
·模块七 would rather/had better用法分述。
can/could/be able to用法分述
1. can/could的基本形式和用法：
could是can的过去式，或作为委婉语
a. 用于请求或允许，意为“能……”
-- Could/Can I have the television on?
-- Yes, you _____________________. / No, you _____________________.
b. 在疑问句和否定句中表示推测，意为“可能……吗？”、“不可能”
他可能是坏人吗？他不可能是坏人。
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_____________________ he _____________________ a bad guy? No, he
_____________________ a bad guy.
c. 用于陈述句，表示事情发生的“理论上的可能性”，意为“会”
事故总会发生。
d. _____________________表示能力，意为“能够”
He _____________________ speak English when he was young.
could作为can的过去时/委婉语，请打勾
过去时 委婉语
表请求或允许 ___________________
__
表推测 ___________________
__
表可能性 ___________________
__
表能力 ___________________
__
2. can/could与be able to的差别：
a. 表示能力时， can表示现在、could表示过去；be able to可以用于任何时态，也可以前
加情态动词或助动词，如：will be able to, have been able to, should be able to
b. 用于过去时中，could表示“有能力做”而“并不一定做成”；若是“实际得以做成某
事”，只能用was/were able to=manage to do sth.
司机得以逃生，其他的乘客没有逃出来。
The driver _____________________ escape, but the passengers failed to do so.
Ms. Wang could sing well when she was young.
I was able to pass the examination. 我通过了考试.（不仅有能力,而且实际上做到了.相当于I
succeeded in passing the examination.）
I could pass the examination. 我当时有能力通过考试.（有能力,但实际上不一定做得到）
can/could与be able to差别总结
can/could be able to
表请求或允许 √ __________________
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___
表推测 √ __________________
___
表可能性 √ __________________
___
表能力 √ __________________
___
时态 ____________________ __________________
_ ___
用于过去时中含义 ____________________ __________________
_ ___
3. can/could的惯用语：
a. cannot help doing sth.情不自禁做某事
我情不自禁地笑了。
I cannot help _____________________.
b. cannot help/choose but do sth.不得不，只能做某事
我不得不告诉她真相。
I cannot help/choose but _____________________.
c. cannot … too + adj./adv. 无论怎样都不为过，越……越好
你越小心越好。
You cannot _____________________ too _____________________.
d. cannot … without 没有……就不能
One cannot succeed without perseverance.
没有_____________________就不能_____________________。
e. could not + 比较级 = 最高级
-- Go for a picnic this weekend, OK?
-- I couldn’t agree more.
_____________________★真题试炼★
1．（2023·吉林长春·统考中考真题）This _______ be Alice’s guitar. Hers is still in my house.
A．should B．can’t C．must D．needn’t
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2．（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）—Can you swim in this river?
—________. It’s too dangerous.
A．Yes, I can B．No, I can’t C．Yes, you may D．No, you needn’t
3．（2023·辽宁·统考中考真题）—Is this red jacket Tony’s?
—No, it ________ be his. He doesn’t like red.
A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．wouldn’t
4．（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考中考真题）The lovely boy ________ ride the bike at the age of six.
A．must B．could C．need D．should
5．（2022·辽宁大连·统考中考真题）—Wilson, ________ you help me carry the box upstairs?
—Sure, no problem.
A．could B．need C．should D．might
may/might用法分述
1. may/might的基本形式和用法：
might是may的过去式，亦可作委婉语
a. 表示请求或允许，意为“可以……”
-- May I smoke here?
-- Yes, you _____________________.
-- No, you _____________________.
b. 表示对事实的不太确定的推测，意为“可能”
The greatest fool may ask more than the wisest man can answer.
_____________________
c. may放在句首，表示祝愿
场景连线：
May God bless you! on grandpa’s birthday
May you succeed in your career! on the graduation ceremony
May we never forget each other! on the wedding ceremony
May you live long and prosper! before the mid-term exam
May you love forever and have a lovely baby soon! on the farewell dinner
May good fortune find you this year! during the Spring Festival
2. may/might的惯用语：
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a. may well do 理所当然，有足够的理由＝have good reason to
我有足够理由不去上学。
I may well _____________________.
b. may/might as well do 最好
你最好呆在家里。
You may/might as well _____________________.
c. may/might as well do A as do B 与其做B不如做A
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly.
_____________________
★真题试炼★
6．（2022·四川·统考中考真题）—________ I help you, sir?
—Yes, I’d like to try on those black shoes.
A．Will B．Should C．Must D．May
7．（2022·统考中考真题）—_______ I use your glue? I’m making a kite.
—No problem. Here you are.
A．Should B．Need C．Must D．May
8．（2022·辽宁锦州·统考中考真题）—Will plants grow on other planets?
—That ________ be true. It’s really difficult to predict the future.
A．mustn’t B．should C．needn’t D．may
9．（2023·山东菏泽·统考中考真题）—Where are you going this summer vacation?
—I ________ go to Zibo, but I’m not sure.
A．must B．needn’t C．might
10．（2022·湖南怀化·统考中考真题）—Whose English book is this?
—It _______ be Lily’s, but I’m not sure.
A．might B．can’t C．must
must/have to用法分述
1. must的基本用法：
a. 用于询问、命令或建议，意为“必须”，mustn’t意为“禁止”
-- Must/Need I leave the office after five o’clock?
-- Yes, you_____________________.
-- No, you _____________________.
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b. 用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为“一定”
他现在一定在公司。
He _____________________ in the office now.
♥Attention♥
must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must 后面通常接be (doing)
比较：You must be sleeping now. VS. You must sleep now.
表猜测用法小结：
对 现 在 （ 正 在 进 对过去
行）
肯定句 _____________________ _________________ _____________
____ ________
否定句 _____________________
疑问句 _____________________
c. must表示自然规律或必然结果，意为“必然”
All men must die.
2. _____________________
3. must与have to的差别：
must意为“必须”时，与have to的意思相同，但：
a. have to表示客观条件有所要求，must表示说话者主观上认为必要
他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这事）
He said that they _____________________ work hard.
居民们不得不忍受广场舞的噪音。
The residents _____________________ stand the noise of the public square dancing.
b. 只有在间接引语中，must才能表示过去
判断下列句子对错：
1) He had to look after his sister yesterday. （ ）
2) He must look after his sister yesterday. （ ）
3) He said he must look after his sister when their parents were away. （ ）
4) He said he had to look after his sister when their parents were away. （ ）
在否定结构中，don't have to表示“不必要”，mustn't表示“不允许”
你不一定要把此事告诉他。
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You _____________________ tell him this.
你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
You _____________________ tell him this.
表“必须”比较：
must have to
主客观 _____________________ _____________________
时态、人称、 _____________________ _____________________
数的变化
用于过去时 _____________________ _____________________
否定形式含义 _____________________ _____________________
4. have to补充说明：在口语中have got to亦可表示义务和需要，与have to基本同义
他现在必须走了。
（用have got to）He has got to go.
疑问句：_____________________ to go?
否定句：He _____________________ to go.
（用have to）He has to go.
疑问句：_____________________ to go?
否定句：He _____________________ to go.
★真题试炼★
11．（2023·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）Oh, come on! ________ you doubt everything I say? I’m not a three-year-
old!
A．Can’t B．Can C．Mustn’t D．Must
12．（2023·湖北孝感·统考中考真题）— How beautiful the paper cutting is! Who made it?
— It ________ be Linda. She’s the only one that can make it in our class.
A．must B．would C．can D．could
13．（2023·山东滨州·统考中考真题）—The paper cutting is pretty lively. Who made it?
—It ________ be Mary. None of us except her is able to do it.
A．can B．must C．need D．might
14．（2022·江苏淮安·统考中考真题）—Miss Li. I don’t want to say sorry to Daniel.
—I’m afraid you ________. After all, you broke his glasses.
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A．may B．have to C．mustn’t D．needn’t
15．（2022·湖北荆州·统考中考真题）—Mike, I can’t stop playing computer games.
—For your eyes, my dear friend, I’m afraid you ________ .
A．could B．may C．would D．have to
should/ought to用法分述
1. should的基本用法：
a. should 表示劝告、建议、命令，意为“应当、要”，其同义词是 ought to/be supposed
to，在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought to
You should do exercises.
= You _____________________ do exercises.
= You _____________________ do exercises.
b. 用于表达合理的推断，意为“应该”
三点到了，足球赛应该快要开始了。
It’s three o’clock. The football game _____________________ soon.
c. 用于虚拟语气，意为“应当”
I _____________________ (that) you finish your homework first. (should) do
If I _____________________ you, I should accept their suggestion.
Now he has to pay a fine. He _____________________have tried to steal a ride.
♥Attention♥
should have done 本应该做某事（而实际上没有）
shouldn’t have done 本不应该做某事 （而实际上做了）
d. 表示义务，意为“应该做”，且表示一种道义上的责任
I should help him because he is in trouble.
e. 表示惊讶、忧虑、惋惜等情绪，意为“竟会、竟然”
You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to his girlfriend.
2. ought to的用法：
肯定句：He ought to finish the task.
一般疑问句：_____________________finish the task?
否定句：He _____________________finish the task.
★真题试炼★
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16．（2023·湖北武汉·统考中考真题）—Excuse me, but we ________ wait in line to get on the subway.
—I’m sorry.
A．might B．would C．could D．should
17．（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）Earthquakes can be very dangerous. We ________ learn to protect
ourselves.
A．might B．should C．could D．would
18．（2023·湖北恩施·统考一模）If you want to be a greener man, you ________ shut off the light when leaving
a room.
A．dare B．ought to C．would
19．（2023·福建宁德·统考二模）—Whose rope is this?
—It ________ be Tom’s. He used this blue rope in the P. E. class just now.
A．had better B．ought to C．used to
20．（2022·江苏常州·统考中考真题）To achieve our dream, we ________ rest on what we have done.
A．may not B．should not C．need not D．could not
need用法分述
1. need的基本用法：请在下表内填空（dare跟need用法相同）
She, need/dare, go there alone 实义动词 情态动词
现在 She _____________________
go there alone.
过去 She _____________________
go there alone.
否定 She _____________________ She needn’t/daren’t go
go there alone. there alone.
疑问 Does she need/dare to go there Need/Dare she go there
alone? alone?
2. sth. need doing是主动形式表示被动= need to be done（见被动语态详解）
花园里的花需要浇水了。
The flowers in the garden need _____________________ now.
★真题试炼★
21．（2023·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）The new app about fashion is really free and you ________ pay money
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for it.
A．may B．must C．shouldn’t D．needn’t
22．（2023·湖北荆州·统考中考真题）—You _______ take the subway to the airport, for I can drive you there
directly.
—That’s very kind of you.
A．can’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t
23．（2022·湖北黄石·统考中考真题）—Mom, must I tidy my room right now?
—No, you ________. You can do it after breakfast.
A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t
24．（2022·四川乐山·统考中考真题）— Must we wear the school clothes tomorrow, Mr. Wang?
— No, you ________. Only on Mondays. Tomorrow is Tuesday.
A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t
25．（2023·内蒙古兴安盟·统考一模）—Must I finish the work today?
—No, you ________. But you ________ finish it before next Monday.
A．mustn’t; must B．needn’t; need C．mustn’t; could D．needn’t; must
will/would用法分述
1. 表示恭谦的请求、建议等，常用于疑问句，would比will委婉客气
Would you mind my closing the window?
2. 表示意志、愿望和决心
I will never do that again.
3. 表示估计或猜想
It would be about ten when he left home.
4. 补充说明
a. would like to do = want to想要，为固定搭配
b. Would you like…? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some，而不是any
c. 否定结构中用won’t，一般不用wouldn’t, won't you是一种委婉语气。
Won't you sit down?
★真题试炼★
26．（2022·河北邯郸·统考三模）—Mum, I’ve signed for a big box by SF Express(顺丰快递). What’s in it?
—I’m not sure. It ________ be a present from your aunt.
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A．might B．must C．should D．will
27．（2022·云南昆明·统考一模）—Can I park my car here?
—No, you ________. Look at the sign. It says “No parking”.
A．won’t B．wouldn’t C．needn’t D．mustn’t
28．（2022·辽宁葫芦岛·统考二模）—Mom, do you know where my keys are? I can’t find them.
—I’m not sure. They ________ be in your white bag.
A．shall B．may C．will D．must
29．（2022·湖北武汉·武汉外国语学校（武汉实验外国语学校）校考模拟预测）He pushed the door again
and again, but it open.
A．wouldn’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t
30．（2022·山东济南·统考一模）—Nick, ________ you like to join us to the museum?
—Why not? Let’s go.
A．can B．could C．would D．must
would rather/had better用法分述
1. would rather do 宁愿 否定：_____________________
在做两者比较用than
would rather do A than do B = would do A rather than do B
I would rather watch TV than go to see the film.
= I _____________________ TV to _____________________ to see the film. (prefer)
= I _____________________ TV rather than _____________________ to see the film. (prefer)
如果than后面的动词与前面的一样，则可以省略：
I would rather work on a farm than in a factory.
如果than后面是句子，要加that引导的从句：
I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie.
2. had better do 最好 否定：_____________________
我们最好在冬天的时候多吃多睡来储存能量。
We had better _____________________ to save energy in winter.
★真题试炼★
31．（2023·上海·一模）You had better ________ to see a doctor if you don’t feel well.
A．go B．to go C．going D．gone
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32．（2022·广西梧州·统考一模）We had better _______ computer games for a long time.
A．play B．to play C．not play D．not to play
33．（2022·贵州铜仁·统考三模）— It seems that it is going to rain. You’d better _______ the windows open
when you go out.
— Thank you.
A．not to leave B．not leave C．leave D．to leave
34．（2022·甘肃陇南·校考模拟预测）You’d better ________ the TV. It’s time for supper.
A．not to turn on B．to not turn on C．not turn on D．not turning on
35．（2022·广西·统考三模）You’d better ________ too much chocolate, or you’ll get fat.
A．eat B．to eat C．not to eat D．not eat
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