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chapter 13 定语从句 笔记
·模块一 定语从句的基本要素
·模块二 定语从句和关系代词
·模块三 定语从句和关系副词
·模块四 关系代词和关系副词之间的关系
·模块五 介词加关系代词引导的定语从句
·模块六 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
·模块七 2022、2023 年全国各省市真题综合训练 45 题
看一看这些名言警句中所运用的定语从句
He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.
从不犯错误的人一事无成。
He is the best general who makes the fewest mistakes. ─Hamilton.
最厉害的将军错误犯得最少。
He that travels far knows much.
行万里者，见多识广。
He that cannot ask cannot live.
万事不求人，哪里能生存？
模块一 定语从句的基本要素
基本要素
1. 概念：如果由一个句子来充当一个词的定语，那么这个句子就被叫做定语从句
2. 先行词：被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词
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3. 关系词（关系代词或者副词）：引导定语从句
He is the best general who makes the fewest mistakes.
1. 定语从句who makes the fewest mistakes.
2. 先行词the best general
3. 关系词who
♥Attention♥
如何选择关系代词？关系代词的作用是什么？
模块二 定语从句和关系代词
1. 定语从句关系代词：
先行词是人 先行词是物
作主语 who/ that which/ that
作宾语 (who/ whom/that) (which/ that)
作定语 whose whose
★小试身手★
1) This is the man who helped me yesterday. who在定语从句中作
2) The teacher (who/whom/that) you want to see is coming. who在定语从句中作
3) I met a boy whose father was an astronaut. whose在定语从句中作
4) Here is the coat which/that will be made for you. which在定语从句中作
5) This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year. which在定语从句中作
6) He has a book whose cover (=the cover of which) is very beautiful.
whose在定语从句中作
2. 关系代词的作用
(1)__引导定语从句________________________
(2) ____指代先行词_____________________
(3) ____在定语从句中充当成分：主语，宾语，定语。________
★小试身手★
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(1) 用关系代词who,whom,that或whose填空。
1) The man________you met just now is my old friend.
2) The man ________ is walking on the playground is my old friend.
3) She brought with her three friends, none of ________ I had ever met before.
4) That's the new machine __________parts are too small to be seen.
(2) 用who/whom/which/that将下列句子两句并一句。
1) The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.
The boy who was here a minute ago is my younger brother./the boy who/that is my younger
brother was here a minute ago.
2) The woman is here now. You were talking about her.
The woman( whom/that) you were talking about is here now./
You are talking about the woman who is here now.
(3) 用whose 将下列句子两句并一句。
1) The man gave me a reward.
The man whose wallet I found and returned gave me a reward.
The man who was very rich gave me a reward.
Men, who abandon their families, are not good.
Men who abandon their families are not good
2) Parents are usually very proud. Their children graduate from college.
Parents whose children graduate from college are usually very proud.
3) The teacher went to Japan to teach English. I took his class last semester.
The teacher whose class I took last semester went to Japan to teach English.
♥Attention♥
whose 后面一定要加一个名词, 然后这个部分共同做主语或宾语。
3. 只能使用 that 作关系代词的情况：
a. 先行词为 all, anything, everything, nothing, much, none, little等不定代词时。
There is nothing that can stop him from doing it.
b. 先行词前有last, next, only, very及序数词、最高级等修饰时。
This is the most interesting film (that) was shown last week.
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This is the second computer (that) my father has just bought.
c. 当先行词既有人，又有物时。
They talked of things and people that thet remembered.
d. 当主语是 who 的疑问句:
Who is the boy that is playing computer games?
♥Attention♥
以下情况时，who不与that通用。
a) 先行词为one(s)/anyone/those时,用who。
b) 当先行词有较长定语时用who。
I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could ask me questions in Chinese.
c) 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，一个定语从句的关系代词是 that，另一个用
who。
The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.
d) 在there be开头的句中用who。
There is a pretty girl outside who wants to see you.
★小试身手★
(1) 填空
1) There is nothing in the world that can frighten him.
2) The only games that I play are football and tennis.
3) He is the only student that understands English.
(2) 翻译
1) 他们唯一能做的事就是等待。
The only thing that they can do is to wait.
2) 这正是你昨天买的笔。
This is the very pen that you bought yesterday.
模块三 定语从句和关系副词
1. 定语从句关系副词
表示时间 when
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表示地点 where
表示原因 why
♥Attention♥
判断关系词是使用代词还是副词时,取决于定语从句的完整性。如果定语从句不缺主语和宾
语，那么关系词就应该使用关系副词。
a. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school.
I will never forget the day that we spent together.
b. where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
I recently went back to the town where I was born.
I would like to live in a country that is full of natural beauty.
c. why 指原因，在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
The reason that he told us surprised us very much.
★小试身手★
1) Do you still remember the place__that、which____ we visited last week?
2) Do you still remember the place___where____ we visited the painting exhibition?
3) I still remember the night ___when____I first came to the house.
4) I don’t know the reason ___why___ he came so late.
5) We are living in an age __when____ many things are done on computer.
6) I can think of many cases __where____ students obviously know a lot of English words and
expressions but couldn't write a good essay.
7) Nobody knows the reason_why_____ she didn’t come to the meeting.
8) They have reached the point _where____ they have to separate with each other.
模块四 关系代词和关系副词之间的关系
试观察下列句子：
This is the day when we met.
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This is the day ___on which__we met.
You should remember to put the book back to the place where it belongs.
You should remember to put the book back to the place __to which_____ it belongs.
总结：关系副词=介词+关系代词
★小试身手★
连词成句
1) go were want back to the I place born my where grandparents to.
I want to go back to the place where my grandparents were born.
2) refused help reason why the he us is this to? (for which)
Is this the reason why he refused to help us?
模块五 介词加关系代词引导的定语从句
1. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
a. 直接位于介词之后的关系代词只能是which或whom，构成介词+which（指物）；介词
+whom（指人）两种结构。
The man to whom you talked just now is a famous runner.
The service of/about which the students complain a lot should be improved.
He is a library assistant from whom I borrowed some books.
b. 直接位于介词后面的关系代词不能省略，但如果将介词移于句子末尾而不位于关系代词
之前时，关系代词可省。
The man (who/that/whom) you talk to just now is a famous runner.
The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.
He is a library assistant (whom/that/who) I borrowed some books from.
He is a librarian from whom I borrowed some books.
c. 有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动语之后，不提前：
He is the student (who/whom/that) the teachers are looking for.
The number of the children (who/whom/that) she takes care of is 30.
2. 关系代词 whose+名词引导的定语从句可转化为 the+名词+of+ which / whom 或 of+
which/whom+ the +名词结构；of 表所属关系。
I live in a room whose windows are all broken.
I live in a room of which the windows are all broken.
I live in a room the windows of which are all broken.
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★小试身手★
1. 填入“介词＋关系代词（即介词+which/whom）：
1) The ship, ___ the Europeans sailed to the American continent, was called
the Mayflower.
2) The family __with which__I stayed in Rome is coming to England soon.
3) He has written a book, ______ I have completely forgotten.
=He has written a book I have completely forgotten.
4) It is a family of 8 children, all _of whom__are studying music.
5) The town, ____ ____ they came, was in the north of the province.
2. 介词填空：
1) The speed___ which you drive your car mustn’t too high. At the speed of
2) In the park there are many flowers, the color____ which is bright and nice. whose
3) The little girl is reading a book,_____ which=where there are many pictures.
4) What were the things______ which he was not too sure? Be sure of/about
5) They held a meeting, ____ which the hospital director made a speech. At the meeting
6) The book,_____ which he paid 6 Yuan, is worth reading. Pay + 钱 + for + sth.
模块六 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
1. 辨析下列句子
(1) Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.
她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。（意含：她还有其他哥哥。）
(2) Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.
她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（意含：她只有一个哥哥。）
(3) All the books that have pictures in them are well written.
所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。（意含：还有不带插图的书。）
(4) All the books, which have pictures in them, are well written.
所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好。（意含：没有不带插图的书。）
总结：
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(1) 限制性定语从句:
意义上，不可缺。无逗号，翻译时要调整语序。
(2) 非限制性定语从句：
意义上，附加说明，有逗号，翻译时直接翻译。
2. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句用法上的区别
a. 引导限制性定语从句时，关系代词which可以与that互换；但引导非限制性定语从句时，
只能用which。
(1) She heard a terrible noise, ____ frightened her.
A. that B. which C. what D. who
(2) She heard a terrible noise____ frightened her.
A. that B. / C. what D. who
b. 先行词为reason时，限制性定语可以用why或for which来引导；非限制性定语从句则
只能用for which来引导。
(1) I had told them the reason, ____I didn’t attend the meeting.
A. for which B. at which C. for whom D. why
(2) I had told them the reason_____I didn’t attend the meeting.
A. when B. which C. why D. for that
c. 引导限制性定语从句的关系代词在从句中担任宾语时可以被省略；但引导非限制性定语
从句的关系代词即使作宾语也不能省略。
(1) He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, he loved and (D)
respected as his own mother.
A.as B. which C. / D. whom
d. 引导限制性定语从句时并作从句宾语的关系代词 whom可以用who来代替；但
在非限制性定语从句中，whom就不能用who替换。
(1) Do you know Tom,____we talked about?
A. which B. that C. whom D. who
(2) The American journalist______the announcer mentioned in the broadcast is said to
have beenkilled.
Which of the following is wrong?
A. who B. whom C. whose D. /
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e. 当非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句时，which引导的从句不能放在主句前，而as引导的
从句既可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。As 意为正如……，which无此含义。
(1) ____I expected, he didn’t believe me.
A. Which B. As C. That D. When
(2) Mary was late for school, _____often happened.
A. as B. for which C. that D. why
f. 由“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，关系代词指代整个主句时，不能用 as，
只能用which。
(1) He bought the car for more than $20,000,__his father was angry.
A. about that B. with as C. when D. with which
g. 一些由as引导的定语从句常位于句首，已形成了固定的说法。
1) as is known to all 这是众所周知的
2) as has been said before 如前所说
3) as is often the case 情况常常如此
4) as may be imagined 这可以想象得出
5) as has been pointed out 正如已经指出的那样
6) as often happens 这种情况常常发生
2022、2023 年全国各省市真题综合训练 45 题
模块七
一、单项选择
1．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）The Aerospace Square ________ was completed last year has become a new
tourist attraction.
A．which B．who C．whom D．where
2．（2022·四川自贡·统考中考真题）—What do you think of the Monkey King?
—I think he’s a hero ________ keeps fighting to help the weak people.
A．who B．where C．whose
3．（2022·四川成都·统考中考真题）Rome is an ancient city _______ is full of places of interest.
A．where B．which C．who
4．（2022·湖南邵阳·统考中考真题）—What kind of music do you like, Linda?
—I like music ________ I can dance to.
A．when B．that C．what
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5．（2023·四川成都·统考中考真题）He showed me the photos ________ he took at his graduation ceremony.
A．that B．who C．what
6．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）Tea is the leaf of a plant ________ grows widely in China, Japan and
other countries.
A．what B．who C．that
7．（2023·四川乐山·统考中考真题）Guo Moruo is a famous Chinese writer ________ is popular around the
world.
A．which B．whom C．who
8．（2023·青海·统考中考真题）A best friend is a person _________ is always there when you need him or her.
As the saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”
A．whom B．whose C．who
9．（2023·湖南邵阳·统考中考真题）—I’ve found a new pen, but I don’t know ________.
—It must be Lucy’s. She is looking for her pen.
A．whose is it B．whose it is C．who it is
10．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）—Who is the hero in your mind?
—Huang Danian. He is a scientist ________ has helped China make great progress in deep-sea exploration (勘探).
A．where B．which C．who
11．（2022·内蒙古·中考真题）—What kind of movies do you like?
—I prefer movies ________ give me something to think about.
A．who B．that C．what D．/
12．（2021·四川巴中·统考中考真题）The app “MAYI” encourages people to give away the clothes ________
they don’t need to the poor.
A．what B．whom C．who D．that
13．（2021·四川甘孜·统考中考真题）—Do you know the girl ________ is standing over there?
—Yes. She is my sister.
A．when B．where C．who D．which
14．（2022·四川达州·统考中考真题）—Do you like the movie ________ is called The Battle at Lake
Changjin?
—Sure. I think no movie is ________ than it.
A．that; more touching B．what; less touching C．that; more touched D．which;
less touched
15．（2023·四川遂宁·中考真题）Miss Xiang is a great teacher _________always makes her classes lively and
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fascinating.
A．which B．who C．what D．whom
16．（2022·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）Students love the teachers ________ are outgoing and humorous.
A．who B．whom C．which D．whose
17．（2022·黑龙江·统考中考真题）We should remember those ________ lost their lives for our country.
A．who B．whom C．which
18．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）I can’t forget the teachers and the university ________ I visited two
years ago. They bring me many sweet memories.
A．that B．which C．what
19．（2022·湖北恩施·统考中考真题）China is the first nation ________ sent Chang’e Ⅳ to the far side of
the moon.
A．which B．that C．who
20．（2022·广西柳州·中考真题）Do you know the boy ________ is standing under the tree?
A．who B．which C．where
21．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）—How exciting the speech is!
—Pretty good! This is the best speech ________ I’ve ever heard.
A．which B．that C．who
22．（2023·新疆·中考真题）Lots of Chinese young people ___________ were born after 1995 use door-to-
door cooking to save time.
A．that B．those C．which D．/
23．（2022·辽宁朝阳·统考中考真题）—What kind of movies do you like?
—I prefer movies _________ me something to think about.
A．whom give B．who gives C．which give D．that gives
24．（2022·辽宁营口·统考中考真题）He ________ does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
A．whom B．/ C．which D．who
25．（2022·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）— Jeff, what are you watching?
— A short video about Zhang Guimei ________ stories move me deeply.
A．who B．whom C．whose
26．（2022·广西玉林·统考中考真题）—Volunteering is a meaningful activity.
—I agree. We should express thanks to the people ________ do volunteer jobs.
A．whom B．what C．who D．which
27．（2022·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）Yuan Longping is a great scientist ________ will live in our heart
forever.
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A．which B．who C．what
28．（2022·辽宁阜新·中考真题）—Mom is waiting. Can we set off now?
—Just a minute. I can’t find the shoes ________ I bought last week.
A．that B．who C．what D．who
29．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）— Tom, what kind of stories do you prefer?
— The ones ________ have a happy ending.
A．that B．who C．those D．whom
30．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）According to a recent study, adults ________ often do housework might stay
healthy into old age.
A．when B．which C．who D．what
31．（2022·青海·统考中考真题）—Do you like the song Jian Hun on Douyin?
—Yes, I like the songs ________ I can dance to.
A．that B．who C．what
32．（2023·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）I will remember the important people ________ helped and supported
me in my life.
A．which B．whose C．whom D．who
33．（2023·四川达州·统考中考真题）—The Lifelong Journey is one of the most touching books ________ I
have ever read.
—Yeah, the book is fantastic and I am looking forward to ________ it again.
A．that, reading B．which, to read C．that, to read
34．（2023·吉林·统考中考真题）The students are reading books ________ are full of the “red spirit” these
days.
A．who B．where C．which
35．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）If we study hard with big dreams, there is nothing ________ can’t
be achieved.
A．who B．that C．whom
36．（2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）Lei Feng is a great person ________ sets a good example to us.
A．who B．which C．whose
37．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）Mrs. Wang is an English teacher ________ makes her class lively.
A．which B．whose C．who
38．（2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题）— What can we do for the left-home children ________ need help?
— We could help them with their study online on weekends.
A．which B．who C．whom
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39．（2023·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）Today’s China is a country ________ keeps to this national character.
A．what B．who C．that
40．（2023·辽宁阜新·统考中考真题）The woman astronaut ________ gave us a lesson on space is Liu Yang.
A．which B．whose C．who D．whom
41．（2022·四川乐山·统考中考真题）— What kind of books do you like best?
— I like books ________ are about science and technology.
A．who B．whom C．which
42．（2022·贵州铜仁·统考中考真题）—Is the woman ______ walked past just now your teacher?
—Yes, she teaches ______ English and we all love her very much.
A．which; our B．who; us C．which; us D．that; our
43．（2022·黑龙江·统考中考真题）The boys __________ are playing football are from Class One.
A．which B．who C．whose
44．（2022·吉林·统考中考真题）Mrs. Wang is an English teacher ________ makes her classes lively and
interesting.
A．which B．who C．what
45．（2022·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）—Do you know the woman ________ is giving a lesson in space now?
—Of course. She is Wang Yaping.
A．which B．whom C．who
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