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chapter 2 动词时态二 笔记
·模块一 现在完成时 Present Perfect Tense
·模块二 过去完成时Past Perfect Tense
·模块三 过去将来时Past Future Tense
·模块四 现在完成进行时 Present Perfect Progressive Tense
·模块五 过去完成进行时Past Perfect Progressive Tense
·模块六 将来完成时 Future Perfect Tense
模块一 现在完成时 Present Perfect Tense
结构公式：sb. have/ has done
时间状语：already, yet, just, so far, never, ever, since +过去时间点,for +一段时间, in the past/last few
years
现在完成时的简单定义：1）过去发生的动作对现在产生一定的影响；2）过去发生的动作一直延续
到现在。
比较：(学生版不出现)
I had 10 hamburgers today.（今天“吃”的行为已结束，10为最终结果。）
I have had 10 hamburgers today. （今天到目前为止吃了10个，可能很饱，也可能还不尽兴。）
现在完成时有两个主要用法：
用法 含义 标志词 例句
已完成 动作发生在过去，但后果 just Your letter has just
或影响至今仍然存在. already，yet been received.
未完成 动作开始在过去，一直持 for…, since… They have lived here
续到现在 for more than twenty
years.
*Hanged, hanged绞死
Hung, hung 悬挂
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Lie 躺lay, lain ，lying；说谎lied, lied
Lay放置，下蛋laid, laid(雷的，雷的）
♥Attention♥
你还能列出现在完成时的一些时间状语吗？
r ecently, lately, 总次数 …… （ XX times ）
1. since用法
结构公式：现在完成时 + since + 一般过去式/过去的时间状语
1) I’ve known my best friend since we were in high school.
2. 瞬间动词不能直接和for, since的完成时连用
瞬间动词变成延续动词
1) borrow---_____keep______________
2) buy-----_______have______________
3) catch a cold----_have a cold_________
4) die---_________be dead___________
5) fall asleep---___be asleep___________
6) fall ill-----______be ill______________
7) join------_______be in______________
8) leave---_______be away____________
9) marry----______be married_________
10) start----_______be on______________
11) end----_______ be over___________
3. have been VS have gone
总结：
have been to ___ 去过 _ （去了已经回来）
have gone to 表示 _ 去了（去了还没回来）
have been in ( 始终呆在一个地方 )
4. 特别句型
a. It /This +is +序数词＋n + 现在完成时
It is the first time that I’ve seen such a wonderful performance.
这是我第一次看到如此精彩的表演。
b. It/this is + 最高级/the best/the worst /the most interesting/the only +n.+现在完成时
‘Get away!’ is the only words that she has ever said to me.
女神对我说的唯一一句话是 “ 滚开 ” 。
5. 现在完成时和过去时区别
总结：
现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响，不与具体过去时间状语连用；一般过去
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时说的是过去发生的或已经结束了的动作，它和现在没有直接关系，即使事实上
和现在有关系，说话时也不强调这种关系，而只是指出那个动作发生在过去某一
时间。
到目前为止总次数用 现在完成时
强调某一次动作用 一般过去时
♥Attention♥
Yet ， so far 常置于句末， already, just, ever, never 等一般置于助动词 have/has 之后，过去分词之前。
★真题试炼★
1．（2023·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）Tea was born in China over 4,000 years ago. Now it ________ part of
people’s life around the world.
A．became B．has become C．was becoming D．become
2．（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）We ________ friends since I came to this school.
A．are B．were C．will be D．have been
3．（2023·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）— My father and I ________ a lot of photos at the same place in the past
ten years.
— Those photos must be your valuable memories.
A．have taken B．will take C．take D．were taking
4．（2023·北京·统考中考真题）Eric ________ many things since he became interested in science.
A．is learning B．was learning C．will learn D．has learned
5．（2023·河北·统考中考真题）This book must be great. My sister ________ it five times.
A．reads B．has read C．is reading D．was reading
1．B
【详解】句意：茶起源于4000多年前的中国。现在它已经成为世界各地人们生活的一部分。
考查动词时态。根据“Tea was born in China over 4,000 years ago.”结合语境可知，茶现在已经成为世界各
地人们生活的一部分，所以此处应用现在完成时have/has done，故选B。
2．D
【详解】句意：自从我来到这所学校，我们就一直是朋友。
考查动词时态。since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，故选D。
3．A
【详解】句意：——在过去的十年里，我和父亲在同一个地方拍了很多照片。——那些照片一定是你珍
贵的回忆。
考查动词时态。根据“in the past ten years”可知，此处是现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选A。
4．D
【详解】句意：自从Eric对科学感兴趣以来，他已经学习了很多东西。
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考查现在完成时。根据“since he became interested in science”可知，句子应用现在完成时，其谓语结构为：
have/has+过去分词。故选D。
5．B
【详解】句意：这本书一定很棒。我妹妹读了五遍。
考查时态。根据“My sister...it five times.”可知，强调动作已经完成的次数，用现在完成时，故选B。
模块二 过去完成时Past Perfect Tense
结构公式：had done
时间状语：by+过去时间
The family of Dashwood had long been settled in Sussex. Their estate was large, and their residence was at
Norland Park, in the centre of their property, where, for many generations, they had lived in so respectable
a manner as to engage the general good opinion of their surrounding acquaintance.
达什伍德家在苏塞克斯定居，可有些年代了。家里置下一个偌大的田庄，府第就设在田庄中心的诺
兰庄园。祖祖辈辈以来，一家人一直过着体面日子，赢得了四近乡邻的交口称誉。
Sense and Sensibility
1. 过去完成时用以表示到过去某一时间动作已完成或延续到某一过去时间的动作或状态，也就是
说发生在“过去的过去”。标志性时间状语为by+过去时间点。
His mother had gone to work by the time he arrived home.
2. 如果两个动作发生在过去有明显的先后顺序，最先发生的用过去完成时。
He asked if Mr Gilbert's operation had been successful and the doctor told him that it had been.
★真题试炼★
6．（2023·河北沧州·校考二模）Jim was upset. When he got to the airport, his flight ________ off.
A．take B．took C．had taken D．has taken
7．（2023·上海普陀·统考二模）Michael ________ his work before he went to bed.
A．will finish B．finishes C．had finished D．has finished
8．（2023·上海奉贤·统考二模）By the end of last term, the students of Grade Nine ______ three projects.
A．finished B．would finish C．have finished D．had finished
9．（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考二模）He ________ to play the piano before he was 10 years old.
A．has learned B．learned C．learns D．had learned
10．（2023·上海金山·统考二模）By the time we got to the station, the train ________ for ten minutes.
A．has left B．has been away C．had left D．had been away
6．C
【详解】句意：吉姆很难过。当他到达机场时，他的航班已经起飞了。
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考查动词时态。根据“When he got to the airport, his flight ... off.”可知，他的航班在他到达机场之前就已经
起飞了，动作发生在过去的过去，空处用过去完成时，其结构为had done。故选C。
7．C
【详解】句意：迈克尔在睡觉前完成了他的工作。
考查过去完成时。根据“Michael...his work before he went to bed.”可知，“完成工作”这一动作发生在
“睡觉”前，用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”。故选C。
8．D
【详解】句意：到上学期末，九年级的学生已经完成了三个项目。
考查过去完成时。by the end of last term“到上学期末”，是过去完成时的标志词，故句子需要用过去完成
时，即had+done。故选D。
9．D
【详解】句意：他在10岁之前就学会了弹钢琴。
考查时态。根据时间状语从句“before he was 10 years old”可知，主句谓语动作发生在“他10岁之前”，
即“过去的过去”，时态用过去完成时：had done。故选D。
10．D
【详解】句意：当我们到达车站时，火车已经开了十分钟了。
考查过去完成时。根据“By the time we got to the station”可知到达车站时已是过去的事情，而火车已经开
了十分钟了是发生在到达车站之前的，应用过去完成时，排除选项A和B；由“for ten minutes”可知此处
的动词应用延续性动词，left为非延续性动词，故排除C选项。故选D。
模块三 过去将来时Past Future Tense
结构公式一：would do
结构公式二：was/were going to do
时间状语：soon, the next day, the next month, the next year等
表示过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态，即 “站在过去说将来”。
★真题试炼★
11．（2023·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）Hey, Aunt Jenny! It’s you! I didn’t expect you ________ over. What a
nice surprise!
A．had come B．have come C．would come D．will come
12．（2023·江苏无锡·江苏省锡山高级中学实验学校校考三模）Months ago Iran and KSA were in agreement
that they ________ along with each other.
A．got B．get C．were getting D．would get
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13．（2023·甘肃陇南·统考二模）The radio said that it _________ cloudy the next day.
A．will B．was C．would be D．are
14．（2023·江苏无锡·模拟预测）The president promised he himself ________ the opening ceremony.
A．attended B．had attended C．would attend D．will attend
15．（2023·上海嘉定·统考二模）The manager said that he _________ the meeting if too many people were
absent.
A．canceled B．would cancel C．will cancel D．had canceled
11．C
【详解】句意：嘿，珍妮阿姨！是你！我没想到你会过来。多么惊喜啊！
考查动词时态。由“didn’t expect”可知，主句时态是一般过去时，则从句也应为过去时态。“来”的动作
发生在将来，应为将来时，故空格处为过去将来时，结构是would do。故选C。
12．D
【详解】句意：几个月前，伊朗和沙特阿拉伯达成协议，他们将和睦相处。
考查动词时态。根据句子结构，句子为宾语从句，根据主句中“were in agreement that”可知，此处指达成
协议，协议的内容应用一般将来时，且主句为过去时，则从句应用过去将来时，故选D。
13．C
【详解】句意：收音机说第二天是多云天气。
考查动词时态。此句是宾语从句，主句是一般过去时，遵循“主过从必过 ”；再根据“the next day”可知
从句应用过去将来时would do。故选C。
14．C
【详解】句意：总统答应亲自出席开幕式。
考查动词的时态。根据“promised”可知，此处表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的事情，应该用过去将来
时。故选C。
15．B
【详解】句意：经理说，如果有太多人缺席，他将取消会议。
考查宾语从句。根据“said...”可知宾语从句中用过去的某种时态；根据“he...the meeting if too many
people were...”可知此处表示“将会取消会议”，用过去将来时would do。故选B。
模块四 现在完成进行时 Present Perfect Progressive Tense
结构公式：have/has been doing
时间状语：so far, since +现在时间,for +一段时间, all morning等
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In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I’ve been turning over（仔
细考虑）in my mind ever since. “Whenever you feel like criticizing any one,” he told me, “just remember
that all the people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had.”
The Great Gatsby
现在完成进行时是现在完成时态和进行时态的结合，既有现在完成时态的特点，也
有进行时态的特点。主要表示一个持续到现在的动作；表示动作的重复；表示长时
间做某事；表示感情色彩。
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别:
1. 现在完成时 可以表示一个已经完成的动作，而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作, 强
调动作的持续性，因此有“未完成”的含义。试比较：
I have read this book. （ 我读过这本书。 ）
I have been reading this book. （ 我一直在读这本书 ）
♥Attention♥
1) 有少数动词(如work, study, live, teach, stay等)在表示持续一时间时用这两种时态含义差不多(只
是用现在完成进行进更强调动作的持续性)。
How long have you worked [been working] here?
你在这儿工作多久了？
自1988年以来我就一直住在这儿。
I have lived here/have been living here since 1988.
2) 现在完成时 通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。
我等了两小时。(陈述事实)__I've waited for 2 hours__
我等了两个小时。(等得望穿秋水)___ _ _ I have been waiting for 2 hours .
3) 不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于现在完成时。
我认识她刚刚两天。__I have just known her for two days.
他们结婚已二十年了。_They have been married for ten years.___________________
4) 现在完成进行时不用于被动语态，但可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。
这房子已漆了一个月。_
The house has been painted for a month.// We have been painting this house for a month._
这个问题已被研究了五天。
The problem has been studied for 5 days.// We have been studying this problem for 5 days.
5) 现在完成时&现在完成进行时异同
现完 现完进
已完成 √ ×
未完成 √ +for/ since… √（+for/ since…）
情感 × √
被动语态 √ ×
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适用动词 除不能用进行时的V
（有since/for：不能用瞬 （心理V；情感V；结果
间V） V；瞬间V……）
★真题试炼★
16．（2023·甘肃陇南·校联考模拟预测）—Where is mother?
—She is in the kitchen. She ________ the housework all morning.
A．is doing B．was doing
C．has done D．has been doing
17．（2023·山东·统考一模）—I called you last night at 9:30 and I believed you ________ be at home because
no one answered the phone.
—Sorry, I ________ at that time.
A．mustn’t; would have been sleeping B．couldn’t; should have slept
C．couldn’t; must have been sleeping D．might not; need have been slept
18．（2021·安徽阜阳·统考一模）My father ________ in a panda protection center for 10 years.
A．was working B．is working C．has been working D．will working
19．（2021春·全国·九年级专题练习）Housing prices ________ since a few years ago. Therefore, it’s time the
central government ________ some effective measures to bring them under control.
A．have increased; would take B．have increased; will take
C．have been increasing; takes D．have been increasing; took
20．（2022春·九年级单元测试）We___________ busy preparing for the School Art Festival since last week.
A．were B．are C．will be D．have been
16．D
【详解】句意：——妈妈在哪里？——她在厨房里。她整个上午都在做家务。
考查动词时态。根据“all morning.”可知表示的是一段时间，指的是过去发生的动作持续了一上午，并有
可能继续下去，使用现在完成进行时have/has been +doing。故选D。
17．C
【详解】句意：——我昨晚9:30打电话给你，我相信你不可能在家，因为没有人接电话。 ——对不起，
我当时一定在睡觉。
考查否定的推测和现在完成进行时。根据“because no one answered the phone.”可知，这里应该是否定的
推测，用couldn’t be；第二个空是对系动词be的完成时态事情的肯定性很大的推测，我那时候一定是睡
着了，be sleeping睡着了，是一种睡着的状态，应该用现在完成进行时，即：have been sleeping。故选
C。
18．C
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【详解】句意：我父亲已经在熊猫保护中心工作了10年。
考查现在完成进行时。根据“My father … in a panda protection center for 10 years.”结合语境可知我父亲已
经在熊猫保护中心工作了10年，而且动作还将继续下去，因此时态应用现在完成进行时，其结构为
have/has+been+动词的现在分词；故选C。
19．D
【详解】句意：自从去年年底房价一直在上涨。因此，该是中央政府采取措施降低并控制房价的时候了。
考查时态。由since判断句中需要完成时，并且根据语境，房价还在上涨中，故第一空用现在完成进行时；
第二空为虚拟语气，句型“It's/was time that该是……的时候了”，从句用过去时，故选D。
20．D
【详解】句意：自从上周我们就忙着准备学校的艺术节。
考查动词的时态。根据“since last week”可知讲述动作过去发生，并强调动作的延续，是现在完成时。忙
于做某事：be busy doing sth，主语是第一人称的复数，表达“已经忙着准备”用“have been busy
preparing”，构成现在完成进行时。故选D。
模块五 过去完成进行时Past Perfect Progressive Tense
结构公式：had been doing
时间状语：by+过去时间，before+过去时间
表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到另外一个过去时间的动作，这个动作在当时
仍在进行并可能继续延续下去。
去年他戒烟了。他抽烟已经30年。
He quit/gave up smoking last year. He had been smoking for 30 years.
模块六 将来完成时 Future Perfect Tense
结构公式：will have done
时间状语：before+将来时间；by+将来时间，时间点若是从句，要用一般现在时
表示在将来某一时间点以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。
I am sure he will have finished his work by the time you are there.
时态Summary
一般 进行 完成 完成进行
现在 work(s) is/am/are have/ has have/has
working worked been working
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过去 worked was/were had worked had been
working working
将来 will/ shall work will be working will have will have
is/am/are going to worked been working
work
…
过去 would work would be working would have would have
将来 was/were going to worked been working
work…
1. 根据“标志词”确定时态
短语 所对应时态 短语 所对应时态
一般现、一般过
now how often
一般现、现进
at this time 现完、现完进
how long
yesterday 过去进行
现完
last year/month since when
一般过
by the 现完
in the past three
end/time of 过完
years
+过去时间
by the 现在进行
end/time of 讲完 Watch out！
+将来时间
2. 根据语境确定时态
1) —Excuse me, sir. Smoking is not allowed here.
—Oh, sorry I _____B_____.
A. don’t know B. didn’t know C. haven’t known D. can’t know
2) —Your phone number again? I ____A____ quite catch it.
—It’s 7226109.
A. didn’t B. won't C. don’t D. can’t
3) —Alice. why didn’t you come yesterday?
—I __C_______, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
4) ----Mom, 4 plus 4 is 9, right?
----Honey, I ____C_____ you _________ wrong.
A. think // were B. thought//were C. think//are D. thought//are
5) ----Darling, I am sorry. I _B__you ________coming tomorrow morning, so I didn't prepare dinner for
you.
A. think // were B. thought//were C. think//are D. thought//are
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3. 在英语里有些动词与时态有着特定的对应关系，如:
see(看见)， 结果类动词 不能用进行时
hear(听见)，
find(找到)
work 表示机器不能正常 常用do/doesn’t
运行、运转时 work；
open, close, lock 表示门、窗等不能 常用won’t open
正常关、开、锁的 /close /lock等，这时
意思时 它们是以主动形式表
示被动意义。
—Can I help you, sir?
—Yes. I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _D____.
A. didn’t workB. won’t workC. can’t work D. doesn’t work
窗户打不开了，得找个人来修。
The window won't open. I need to find someone to repair it.//
I need to have it repaired.
(have sth done 让别人来做，但不强调是谁 )
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