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专 题 一
语法知识
语法知语法知识识
第②讲 名词
要点归纳思维导图
名词考向及母题典例
考向1 可数名词变复数
用法速记口诀:
一、名复四规则
1、名词单数变复数:直接加s;
2、西(x)施(sh)撑(ch)伞(s)来结尾:要加es;
3、以y结尾要分类:元音+y直接加s,辅音+y要改y为i加es;
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4、以o结尾特殊记:有生命加es,无生命加s.
解题坑点
以o结尾的名词变复数有一些特殊变化,比如:mango芒果/volcano火山/mosquito 蚊
子/tornado龙卷风等既可以加s,也可以加es;kangaroo的复数形式既可以是kangaroo,
也可以是kangaroos,所以此处重点记忆口诀中初中常考的以0结尾名词的复数形式。
母题 1
(2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题)Yueyang is one of the top 10 most beautiful ________ in China this year.
A.city B.cities C.citys
【答案】B
【详解】句意:岳阳是今年中国十大最美丽的城市之一。
考查名词复数。one of+最高级+名词复数,表示“……中最……之一”,固定句型,可排除A选项;city
的复数形式为cities。故选B。
二、部分不规则变化
1、妻子抓狼 (f/fe结尾)
半片树叶自己黄,妻子拿刀去抓狼,小偷架后逃命忙。
解题坑点
以f/fe结尾但要直接加s变复数的常考名词包括:roof屋顶(复数为roofs)/proof证据(复数为proofs)/chief
首领(复数为chiefs)/belief信仰(复数为beliefs).
2、男女大变身 可数名词变复数·不规则变化(复合名词)
男人女人前后变,其他仅仅变后面。
解题坑点
1.如果是“男孩/女孩/男性/女性+身份/职业”,只变后面就可以,如:boy student
的复数形式为boy students,female driver的复数形式为female drivers.
2.如果是“服装店、跑车”,对应的复数形式为clothes shops、sports cars,其中clothes
和sports本身的复数含义不能丢。
3.还有部分复合名词有明确的主体且主体在前面,此时只将前面的主体名词变复数,
如:looker-on(旁观者)的复数为lookers-on,passer-by(路人)的复数为passers-by.
3、国人变复数 可数名词变复数·不规则变化(国人)
中日不变,英法变(a变e),其他s加后面。
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解题坑点
1.德国人和德国易混淆,德国人为German,德国为Germany.
2.德国人变复数直接加s,正确形式是Germans,而不是Germen或Germens.
母题 2
(2020·贵州黔南·统考中考真题)About 200__________ went to see the Asian Fashion Show last night.
A.German B.AustralianC.Chinese D.American
【答案】C
【详解】句意:昨晚大约200名中国人去看亚洲时装表演了。
考查名词复数。German德国人;Australian澳大利亚人;Chinese中国人;American美国人。空前有基数词
200,因此这个空应用复数形式,A、B和D三个选项都是单数,C选项Chinese是单复数同形,故选C。
母题 3
(2020·四川达州·统考中考真题)— It’s said that the two _________ doctors have just come back from Wuhan.
— Yeah, I know them. They are both already in their _________.
A.woman;sixty B.women;sixtieth C.women;sixties D.woman;sixties
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——听说这两位女医生刚从武汉回来。——是的,我认识她们。她们都已经六十多岁了。
考查名词复数和年龄段表达。根据英语语法,以man、woman修饰的职业名称变复数时,man、woman也
要变成复数,第一空后名词doctors为复数,故woman应用复数形式women,A、D选项可排除;“in
one’s +基数词复数”为固定搭配,意为“在某人几十岁时”,第二空应填sixty的复数形式sixties,故选
C。
母题 4
(2021·西藏·统考中考真题)All ________ received fresh flowers on Women’s Day.
A.woman teacher B.woman teachers C.women teachers D.women teacher
【答案】C
【详解】句意:所有的女老师们都在妇女节这一天收到了鲜花。
考查复合名词复数的用法。“女教师”由woman teacher来表示,而由句中的“女教师们”可知这里应用
复合名词的复数形式,其变化规则为两个名词都应变成其复数形式,为women teachers。故选C。
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考向2 名词所有格
用法速记口诀:共有&各有
共有名单最后加(A and B's),各有名复各自加(A's and B's).
解题坑点
判断是共有还是各有,需要根据题干中的名词、动词、代词的单复数等线索进行判断。如果名词、动词、
代词均为单数则为共有,结尾名词变所有格;如果不是单数,则为各有,分别变所有格。
母题 5
(2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题)________ father is a pilot. He has been to many countries around the world.
A.Tony and Peter’s B.Tony’s and Peter C.Tony’s and Peter’s
【答案】A
【详解】句意:托尼和彼得的爸爸是飞行员。他去过世界上许多国家。
考查名词所有格。根据“father”可知,此处指两个人共有的爸爸,在后一个人名后加’s,故选A。
考向3 词义辨析
1.问题,question和problem的辨析。
词汇 question problem
辨析指 能具体回答的问题,一般和 不能直接回答的、不具体的、解决起来棘手的 难题,
answer, ask连用。 一般和do with,deal with连用。
例句 The students are asking the teacher The students are working on a math problem.学生 们
some questions.学生们正在向老 在 解一道数学题。
师问一些问题。
2.工作,work和job的辨析。
词汇 work job
辨 析 不可数名词,指要做的事情。 可数名词,专门指具体种类的工作。
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例 句 I have a lot of work to do.我有许多工作要He has three jobs.他有三份工作。
做。
3.
家,house, home和 family的辨析。
house home family
辨
母题 6
1.(2023·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题)—The girl’s beautiful pronunciation caught our ________ in yesterday’s
English speech competition.
—Yes, many students couldn’t help cheering for her.
A.condition B.attention C.invention D.position
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——在昨天的英语演讲比赛中,这个女孩优美的发音引起了我们的注意。——是的,许多
学生忍不住为她欢呼。
考查名词辨析。condition条件;attention注意;invention发明;position位置。根据“Yes, many students
couldn’t help cheering for her.”可知引起了大家的注意。故选B。
母题 7
(2022·山东东营·统考中考真题)The Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve (黄河三角洲国家级自然保
护区) is the ________ of more than six million birds.
A.area B.home C.house D.family
【答案】B
【详解】句意:黄河三角洲国家自然保护区是600多万只鸟类的家园。
考查名词辨析。area地区;home家,侧重生长的环境;house房子;family家庭,侧重家庭成员。根据语
境及事实可知,黄河三角洲国家自然保护区内有大量的鸟,因此是鸟类的天堂或家园,故选B。
考向4 词性转换
指由水泥、砖块等盖成的 侧重指人的内心对家的温 侧 重表达由家人组成的大 家庭和构
析
方块体 — — 房屋。 暖感觉,人思想中的家,成 家 庭 的 每 个 成 员,即家庭或家
带有感情色彩。 人。
例 My house is colder than yours. I miss my home. 我 想My family is a big one.我的 家庭是一
句
我家比你家冷。 家。 个大家庭。
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母题 8
(2023·江苏无锡·统考中考真题)The (win) of this year’s Spelling Bee is… Daniel!
【答案】winner
【详解】句意:今年拼写大赛的获胜者是……丹尼尔!win“赢得”,动词。此处指比赛的获胜者,应用名
词winner“胜者”,结合“is”可知,用其单数形式。故填winner。
母题 9
(2023·湖南常德·统考中考真题)—What did you do in class this morning, Sally?
—We had a (discuss), about Chinese culture.
【答案】discussion
【详解】句意:——今天早上你在课堂上做了什么,莎莉?——我们讨论了中国文化。a修饰可数名词单
数,discussion“讨论”符合语境,故填discussion。
名校新优子题高分必刷
一、单项选择
名校新优子题必刷 1
(2023·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·统考一模)— What would you like to buy?
—________.
A.Chicken, vegetable and two kilos of rice B.Chicken, vegetables and two kilos of rice
C.Chickens, vegetable and one kilo of rice D.Chickens, vegetables and two kilos of rices
名校新优子题必刷 2
(2023·黑龙江绥化·校考三模)There are two ________ and three ________ on the bus.
A.German; Japanese B.Germen; Japanese C.Germans; Japanese
名校新优子题必刷 3
(2023·重庆南岸·重庆市第十一中学校校考一模)________ Day is a good chance for us to thank our mothers.
A.Mother B.Mother’s C.Mothers D.Móthers’
名校新优子题必刷 4
(2023·黑龙江鸡西·统考一模)________ are supposed to join the singing club.
A.Six-year-old B.Six years old C.Six-year-olds
名校新优子题必刷 5
(2023·海南省直辖县级单位·统考二模)When I had some trouble, my teacher gave me much ________ on how
to study English well.
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A.money B.advice C.suggestions
名校新优子题必刷 6
(2023·新疆乌鲁木齐·乌市八中校考一模)The ________ rang and Pat answered it. It was his son calling from
New York.
A.telephone B.doorbell C.clock D.bike
名校新优子题必刷 7
(2023·山东东营·统考二模)Traditional Chinese Medicine is a great ________ for our nation.
A.treasure B.resolution C.pleasure D.standard
名校新优子题必刷 8
(2023·江苏徐州·统考一模)—What a clean and tidy room!
—Yes. It’s ________ room.
A.Tina and Nina’s B.Tina’s and Nina
C.Tina and Nina D.Tina’s and Nina’s
名校新优子题必刷 9
(2023·江苏·一模)The core(核心)of your ________ is that you and your work partner will always be there to
help each other in a team.
A.friendship B.membership C.relationship D.leadership
名校新优子题必刷 10
(2023·西藏拉萨·校考模拟预测)There are ________ on the desk.
A.three cups of teas B.three cup C.three cups of teaD.three teas
名校新优子题必刷 11
(2023·四川广元·统考二模)These books are the ________. They all work very hard and they are our ________.
A.women teachers; hero B.woman teachers’; heroes
C.woman teachers; hero D.women teachers’; heroes
名校新优子题必刷 12
(2023·湖北武汉·模拟预测)—Why do you think spring is the most beautiful?
—I love spring because when spring comes, the ______ all over the mountains turn green.
A.leaf B.leafs C.leafes D.leaves
名校新优子题必刷 13
(2023·湖北武汉·模拟预测)—Can I help you, sir?
—Yes, please. I’d like ________.
A.two cup of tea B.two cups of teas C.two cup of teas D.two cups of tea
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名校新优子题必刷 14
(2023·上海宝山·统考二模)Bob was chatting with a friend of ________ on the Internet this time yesterday.
A.he B.him C.his D.himself
名校新优子题必刷 15
(2023·重庆沙坪坝·重庆南开中学校考一模)We plan to put on a show to celebrate ________ Day to express
thanks to them.
A.Teacher B.Teacher’s C.Teachers D.Teachers’
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
名校新优子题必刷 16
(2023·江苏南京·统考一模)Working as a team means celebrating and facing losses together.
(victory)
名校新优子题必刷 17
(2023·江苏南京·模拟预测)Her brother had a good (choose) about his work in his future.
名校新优子题必刷 18
(2023·江苏无锡·模拟预测)We should pay much attention to the (pronounce) of these words.
名校新优子题必刷 19
(2023·江苏无锡·模拟预测)The mother said goodbye with a smile, but her eye couldn’t hide her
(sad).
名校新优子题必刷 20
(2023·上海静安·上海市回民中学校考二模)I was full of joy at the of meeting my old friend in an
hour. (think)
8