专题19名词六大类十五个高频考点（讲案）解析版_3.2025英语总复习_2025年新高考资料_一轮复习_2025年高考英语一轮复习知识清单

【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单 专题19 名词六大类十五个高频考点（讲案）解析版 （快问快答+思维导图+精讲精练+真题分类+原创语填） 目录 一、名词用法快问快答 P1 二、名词用法思维导图 P2 三、五年高考名词考点细目表 P2 考点清单一、名词单数变复数的用法 P 3 考点清单二、不可数名词的用法 P 4 考点清单三、抽象名词具体化用法 P 5 考点清单四、名词所有格的用法 P 6 考点清单五、动词/形容词变为名词后缀 P 7 考点清单六、名词分类及句法功能 P 9 分类训练（一）单句填空（高考真题） P11 【2024 题组】 P11 【2023 题组】 P1 2 【2022 题组】 P1 3 【2021 题组】 P1 4 分类训练（二）单句改错（高考真题） P1 4 分类训练（三）名词单数变复数十六组 P1 5 分类训练（四）动词或形容词变名词 100 例 P1 6 分类训练（五）语法填空（外刊原创） P1 8 “city 不 city”网络热梗的流行折射中国旅游蓬勃生机 P1 8 一、名词用法快问快答 Q1：名词用法有哪些注意事项？ A1：名词是英语最基本的词性。首先需要掌握名词的分类和用法，其次是名词的单复数变化，然后是名词的词 形转换，最后是名词的用法。 Q2：使用名词需要注意什么？ A2：首先需要注意名词是可数名词还是不可数名词，其次该名词该用单数形式还是复数形式，甚至还应考虑名 词前边冠词的变化。 Q3：如何才能学好名词？ A3：一要掌握名词的知识网络，二要了解名词的用法，三要学以致用。 Q4：学好名词有什么意义？ A4：一能提高语言的准确性，二能在日常英语中尤其是应用文写作和读后续写中尝试使用高级词汇进一步提升 句子表达力。二、名词用法思维导图 三、五年高 考 名 词 考点细目表 卷别 词类转换 单数变复数 名词所有格 2024新高考I卷 engineering, richness favourites 2024新高考II卷 visibility themes 2024全国甲卷 completion treasures 2023新高考II卷 arrival interviews 2023全国甲卷 warning 2023全国乙卷 wonders 2022新高考I卷 populations 2022新高考II卷 son's 2022全国甲卷 protection 2022全国乙卷 responsibility 2021新高考1卷 humans 2021新高考II卷 representative 2021全国甲卷 watchtowers 2021全国乙卷 development Activities 2020全国I卷 interest 2020全国II卷 celebration 2020全国III卷 curiosity2020新高考卷 accuracy 2019全国I卷 belief 2019全国III卷 competition 考点清单一、名词单数变复数的用法 要点精讲：可数名词单数变复数的场合 场合 用法 示例 一般情况下 在词尾直接加-s mouth→mouths, house→houses 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词 在词尾加-es glass→glasses, box→boxes, church→churches, brush→brushes 以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词 变y为i再加-es country→countries, factory→factories 以元音字母+-y结尾的名词 在词尾直接加-s holiday→holidays, monkey→monkeys 以辅音字母+-o结尾的名词 直接加-es hero→heroes, potato→potatoes 以元音字母+-o结尾的名词 直接加-s zoo→zoos, zero→zeros 以元音字母+-o结尾的名词 特殊直接加-s photo→photos, kilo→kilos, piano→pianos 以-f,-fe结尾的名词 变f或fe为 -ves wife→wilves, wolf→wolves 以-f,-fe结尾的名词 直接加-s gulf→gulfs, roof→roofs, belief→beliefs, safe→safes 单复数同形的名词 单复数同形 deer, sheep, Chinese, means, series, species man→men, woman→women, child→children, 特殊记忆的名词 单独记忆 tooth→teeth, foot→feet, mouse→mice 合成名词的复数 主体名词变复数 passer-by→passers-by, looker-on→lookers-on 合成名词的复数 无名词最后加-s grown-up→grown-ups, go-between→go-betweens 【即时训 练】请用下列单词的适当形式填空 1. Two_________ (month) ago, three _________ (hero) caught four _________ (thief). They made them plant some _________ (potato) and _________ (tomato) in two _________ (zoo). They also made their ________ (wife) return the four big _________ (box) with some precious _________ (photo) and _________ (brush) in them. 2. On __________(teacher) Day, two _________(editor-in-chief), three ________________(man teacher) and five _________ (woman doctor), together with their _________ (child), went to the farm in the countryside. There they were lucky to see two _________(sheep), three _________ (deer), four _________ (ox), five _________ (goose) and six white _________ (mouse) with three _________ (foot) and six _________ (tooth). 3.(2023 新高考 II 卷)They also need to be ready to give (interview) in English with international journalists. 4.(2023北京卷) Mangroves can help soften waves and protect (city) from coastal winds.5.(2021新高考1卷) The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we _______ (human) are. 【答案】 1. months, heroes, thieves, potatoes, tomatoes, zoos; wives; boxes, photos, brushes 2. Teachers’, editors-in-chief, men teachers, women doctors, children; sheep, deer, oxen, geese, mice, feet, teeth 3. interviews。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以 空处应填名词作宾语，interview意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填interviews。 4. cities。句意：红树林有助于软化海浪，保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭。此处应用名词city作宾语，为可数名词， 应用复数形式表泛指，故填cities。 5.human。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词应该作 we 的同位语，故应该填名词的复数形式。故填humans。 考点清单二、不可数名词的用法 要点精讲：不可数名词用法 用法 示例 1.不可数名词没有复数形 1.常见不可数名词有fun趣味, furniture家具, luggage行李, information信息, 式。 progress进步, advice建议, air空气, knowledge知识, news消息, equipment设备, 2.前边也不能有不定冠词 a work工作, homework作业, housework家务。 或an。 2.这些名词取首字母可以妙记为flipaknew(飞来品，牛)。 【即时训练】单句改错 1. (2017全国Ⅱ卷) Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. 2.(2016全国II卷)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. 3. (2016四川卷)Mom has a full-time job, so she has to do most of the houseworks. 4.(2015全国I卷)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. 5. (2011全国I卷）It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. 【答案】 1.informations改为information。 2.knowledges改为knowledge。 3.houseworks改为housework。 4.airs改为air。 5.luggages改为luggage。 考点清单三、抽象名词具体化用法①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有： 单词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义 success 成功 成功的人或事 pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事 beauty 美；美丽 美丽的人或事物 comfort 安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物 danger 危险 危险的人或因素 delight 高兴 令人高兴的事 failure 失败 失败的人或事物 surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情 shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情 pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的事情 Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。 ②物质名词具体化 drink饮料→two drinks 两杯饮料 coffee咖啡→a coffee一杯咖啡 chalk 粉笔→a chalk一支粉笔 hair头发→a hair一根头发 ③抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。例如： Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times. 在那些艰难的时期，能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。 【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。 1.--How about ________Christmas evening party? ---I should say it was ______success. 2. --- I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting. --- It is not your fault. With rush-hour traffic and heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late. 3. My neighbor asked me to go for ______ walk, but I don’t think I’ve got ______ energy. 4. He missed gold in the high jump, but will get second chance in the long jump. 5. Being able to afford _______ drink would be ______ comfort in those tough times. 【答案】 1.the; a 2.the, the 3.a; the 4.the; a 5.a, a 考点清单四、名词所有格的用法 要点精讲：名词所有格：表示人或有生命的名词常在词尾加's或’。 ①表示两者各自所有关系时，分别在每个名词的词尾加’s；表示两者共有，在最后名词词尾加’s。如： my sister's telephone 姐姐的电话 Jones’ room琼斯的房间 Nurses’ Day护士节 Women’s day 妇女节。 ②表示店铺、办公室或某人家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。如： at the barber's在理发店 at my uncle's在我叔家 Have you ever met Tom's and Jim's fathers before?汤姆父亲和吉姆父亲③若一样东西为两人所有，只在后一个名词后加’s。 This is Tom and Jim's father 汤姆和吉姆的父亲。 2.of所有格 无生命的名词常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或定语修饰的有生命的名词用of所有格。 the window of the room 房间的窗户 3.双重所有格 指＂名词＋of＋名词所有格＂或＂名词＋of＋名词性物主代词＂。 a play of Shakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧) a friend of mine(我的一个朋友) 主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有关系。 (1)一般是名词词尾加-'s。如:John's home约翰的家; (2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加-'。如:students' textbooks 学生们的课本; (3)词尾不带-(e)s的复数名词,仍加-'s。如:children's game 孩子们的游戏。 名 表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词 词 也常用of所有格。如: 所 the title of the article文章的标题; 有 the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字。 格 双重所有格的构成为:“名词+of+-'s所有格”或“名词+of+名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一” 或“其中一部分”,名词前可用a, any, some, a few, two, this, that,these,those 等修饰,但不能用 the。如: a picture of my mother's我母亲(拥有)的一张照片; this little cat of your sister's你妹妹的这只小猫。 【 即 时训练】请用下列单词的适当 形式填空 1.（2022新高考II卷）He saved my _________ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. 2.（2022浙江1月卷）It is calculated by dividing a _____________ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy. 3.--- Who did you spend last weekend with? --- The ____________(Palmer). 4.The ____________(girl) shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into ____________(Tom) car. 5.Owning a lovable, cuddly pet can unquestionably make one’s home life better and apparently, it can affect pet _____________(owner) professional lives as well. 【答案】 1. son’s 2.person’s 3. Palmers4. girls’, Tom’s 5.owners’ 考点清单五、动词/形容词变为名词后缀 要点精讲1：动词转化为名词的后缀 后缀 示例 correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝 －ion/ conclude→conclusion结论；结束 discuss→discussion讨论；论述 －tion/ decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认；准许加入 －sion/ permit→permission允许，许可 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望 sail→sailor海员，水手 drive→driver司机；驾驶员 －er/ gather→gatherer收集者，采集者 teach→teacher老师 －or announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥；售票员 punish→punishment惩罚 achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论；论据 treat→treatment对待；治疗 －ment equip →equipment装备；设备 govern→government政府 astonish→astonishment惊奇 appear→appearance出现；外貌 guide→guidance指引；指导 －ance/ perform→performance表演；表现 exist→existence存在；生存 －ence prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考，查阅 －ure/ fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力 -ture depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合(物) hear→hearing听力，听觉 begin→beginning开始 －ing build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告 －y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现 要点精讲2：形容词转化为名词的后缀 后缀 例词 －age short→shortage 短缺 percent→percentage 百分比 efficient→efficiency效率 fluent→fluency流利 －cy accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私 －dom free→freedom自由 wise→wisdom明智；智慧 －ence different→difference差异 evident →evidence 证据 weak→weakness虚弱；弱点 thick→thickness厚度 －ness kind→kindness仁慈，友好 careless→carelessness粗心大意 －th strong→strength力气；优势 warm→warmth温暖；热情 －y/ safe→safety安全 disable→disability缺陷；伤残 －ty responsible→responsibility责任 honest→honesty诚实 【即时训练】请用下列单词的适当形式填空 1.（2023新高考II卷）Since June 2017, right before the 36 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. 2.（2023全国甲卷）The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty 69 (warn) about environmental destruction. 3.（2022 全国甲卷）Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___________ (protect). 4.（2022 全国乙卷）“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea- producing country, China has a ___________ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 5.（2021新高考II卷）A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over fromplastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 【答案】 1.arrival。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园 的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作 介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。 2.warning。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不 定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。 3.protection。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词 environmental可知， 此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。 4.responsibility。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家 共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。 5.representative。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天 1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空 作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。 考点清单六、名词分类及句法功能 要点精讲1：名词分类 要点精讲2：名词句法功能 1.作主语 The young woman played an important part in the matter. 那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重。 His grandpa joined the Red Army at the age of fifteen. 他爷爷十五岁时参加红军。 2.作宾语 （1）作及物动词的直接宾语I met your elder brother in the street。我在街上碰见你哥哥了。 Have you finished the letter to Jane?你写完给珍的信了吗？ （2）作及物动词的间接宾语。 I told my students a funny story. 我给学生们讲一个有趣的故事。 She asked the doctor another question. 她问了医生另一个问题。 （3）作介词的宾语。 After 20 years’ traveling, he settled down in Liangxiang. 二十年的流浪后,他在良乡定居。 Do you still ask your parents for money?你还向爸妈要钱吗？ 3.作表语 It’s a good idea to plant trees here . 在这里栽些树是个好主意。 She is now a professor while her husband remains a worker. 也现在是教授而丈夫仍是个工人。 4.作宾语的补足语 They elected Tom head of the workshop. 他们推选汤姆当车间的头。（职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词） The old man called my uncle Xiao Li. 老人喊我叔叔小李。 5.作定语 （1）直接作定语, 通常用单数形式。 college students大学生 girl friend女友 vegetable garden菜园 basketball match篮球赛 Let’s stop by the book store on the way home.回家的路上，我们的书店停一下吧！ He bought the shoes in that shoe shop. 这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。 （2）名词所有格作定语。 students’ books学生用书 China’s capital中国的首都 the world’s population世界人口 （3）man，woman，gentleman作定语 man，woman，gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。 He said that two women doctors would come to our village the next day. 他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。 There are many men teachers in our school. 我们学校有很多男教师。 （4）某些常用复数的名词用作定语 某些常用复数的名词，当它们用作定语时，也须用复数形式。 arms production 武器生产 clothes shop服装商店 sales department营业部 a goods train货车 savings bank 储蓄所 foreign languages department外语系 （5）单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。 Learning Skills center学习技巧交流中心 The Boys Club 男孩俱乐部 （6）表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语一定要严格遵守习惯。 a peasant family/boy(peasant习惯直接作定语) a worker’s family(worker习惯用所有格作定语) （7）两种定语有时并存但意义不一样。 women drivers女司机 the woman’s driver这位妇女的司机 girl friend女朋友 the girl’s friend 这女孩的朋友 mother tongue母语 mother’s tongue母亲的舌头 （8）名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容或职能，与其同根的形容词作定语则强调特点或属性 gold watch 金表 (指手表是含金的) golden watch 金色的表 (指表是金色的，但不一定含金) 6.作状语时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。 The soldiers walked 50 kilometers at a night. 战士们一夜行军五十公里 Your suitcase weighs 10 kilograms. 你的手提箱重10千克。 【即时训练】请用下列单词的适当形式填空 1. “I had to wait for the staff to write down my information, which caused much more ________ (convenience) than scanning codes.” 2. I have to make a __________(complain) about the poor quality of food and service in your restaurant. 3. The old man who had a car accident last week made a full _________ (recover) from the operation in hospital. 4. Even a thirty-minute run will provide ________(relieve) from aches or tension. 5. She was unable to give the police a __________(describe) of the attacker because she had no memory of what had happened to her. 【答案】 1.inconvenience。考查名词。句意：“我必须等待工作人员写下我的信息，这比扫描代码造成了更多的不 便。”此处表示“不便”，需用inconvenience作宾语。故填inconvenience。 2.complaint。所给词complain是动词，设空前有不定冠词a修饰，应用名词complaint作动词make的宾语， make a complaint about"就……提出投诉"。故填complaint。 3. recovery。考查名词，句意：那位上周出了车祸的老人在医院手术后完全康复了。作宾语应用名词 recovery，不定冠词提示用单数，故填recovery。 4. relief。考查名词。句意：即使是30分钟的跑步也能缓解疼痛和紧张。根据句意及英文提示可知，所填空应 用名词作宾语，" relieve"，动词，意为"减轻；缓和"，其名词形式为 "relief"，不可数，故填 relief。 5. description。考查名词。句意：她无法向警方描述袭击者的模样，因为她不记得自己身上发生了什么事。根 据句意和空前的冠词a可知，空处填名词，“描述”的名词为description.。故填description。 分类训练（一）单句填空（高考真题） 【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 【2024题组】 1.(2024新课标I卷） The latest 56 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 1. engineering。 解析：考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查 短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。 2.（2024新课标I卷）These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. 2. favorites。 解析：考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词， 意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。 故填favorites。 3.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening in England. 3. richness。解析：考查名词。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热 带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国， 定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处与 glory 并列，应用名词形式 richness，作介词 of 的宾语。故填 richness。 4.（2024 浙江 1 月卷）Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the __________ (criticize) that they lead to waste. 4. criticism。 解析：考查名词。句意：许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动，因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根 据“that they lead to waste”可知，此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。 5.（2024新课标II卷）Although they could never have met, there are common ___57___ (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. 5. themes。 解析：考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面， 但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，本句主语 为名词的复数形式。故填themes。 6.（2024 新课标 II 卷）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___62___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers. 6. visibility。 解析：考查名词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们 穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式，visibility“知名 度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。 7.（2024全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 62 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). 7. treasures。 解析：考查名词。句意：它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”，为可数名词，结合前文they are，应 用复数形式，故填treasures。 8.（2024全国甲卷）They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 68 ( complete ) of their journey. 8. completion。 解析：考查名词。句意：他们都同意了，并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词，本空应填名词 作宾语，complete名词形式为completion，不可数，故填completion。 9. (2023新课标II卷）Since June 2017, right before the __________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. 9. arrival。 解析：考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助 动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填 名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。 【2023题组】 10.（2023 全国甲卷）The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty __________ (warn) about environmental destruction. 10. warning。 解析：考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据 句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。 11.（2023 新课标 II 卷）They also need to be ready to give (interview) in English with international journalists.11. interviews。 解析：考查名词的数。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词， 所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview 意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填 interviews。 12.（2023 全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place that welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 12. wonders。 解析：考查名词。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇 迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的“historical buildings of the past” 可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。 13.（2023浙江1月卷）Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic (event). 13. events。 解析：考查名词的数。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有 一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知，空格处需要填名词，且event为可数名词，应用复 数形式。故填events。 【2022题组】 14.（2022 全国甲卷）Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___________ (protect). 14. protection。 解析：考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental 可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。 15.（2022浙江 1月卷）When the answer, was no, she, declined the ___________(invite). 15. invitation。 解析：考查名词。句意：当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词 decline的宾语，故 填invitation。 16.（2022 全国乙卷）“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea- producing country, China has a __________ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 16. responsibility。 解析：考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国 家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。 17.（2022 新课标 I 卷）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___________ (population)and homes of giant pandas, 17. populations。 解析：考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大 熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词 population (种群)的复数 的形式。故填populations。 【2021题组】 18.（2021新课标II卷）A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 18. representative。解析：考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天 1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空 作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。 19.（2021 新课标 I 卷）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we_________(human) are. 19. humans。 解析：考查名词。句意为：一旦你到达山顶,你所看到的滚滚云海将提醒你我们人类是多么渺小。表示"人类", 常用复数名词humans,此处作同位语,故填humans. 20.（2021全国甲卷） Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and __________ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people 20. watchtowers。 解析：考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者 只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复数 概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。 21.（2021全国乙卷）___________(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) 21. Activities。 解析：考查名词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动 词range可知，空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填Activities。 22.（2021 北京卷）Why do we dream？Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse _____________ (idea). 22. ideas。 解析：考查可数名词的数。句意：科学家们还不能完全确定，他们有不同的想法。diverse“不同的，多种多样 的”，形容词作定语，后接可数名词复数；idea想法，可数名词。故填ideas。 分类训练（二）单句改错（高考真题） 【即时训练】下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。 1.(2023全国甲卷)The bees, butterfly and many other insects looked lovely and beautiful on the stamps. 2.(2022全国乙卷) Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle. 3. (2021全国甲卷) Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they’re of the same age and can understand each other. 4. (2021全国乙卷) I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals. 5. (2020全国I卷) Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. 6. (2020全国II卷) Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations. 7. (2019全国Ⅱ卷) Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do. 8. (2019全国Ⅲ卷) I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. 9. (2018全国Ⅰ卷) Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. 10.(2018全国II卷)When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night. 【分类训练二答案】 1.butterfly改为butterflies 2. bicycle改为bicycles 3. friend改为friends 4. dish改为dishes 5. chopstick改为 chopsticks 6. vacations改为vacations 7. job改为jobs 8. city改为cities 9. chicken改为chickens 10. Friday’s 改为Friday’s 分类训练（三）名词单数变复数十六组 给出下列各组单词的复数形式：1. glass bus box church brush 2. breath path ox mouth stomach 3. family factory city country baby 4. valley chimney monkey holiday boy 5. potato tomato hero Negro volcano 6. kilo piano photo radio kangaroo 7. knife leaf wolf life thief 8. gulf roof belief proof chef 9. tooth goose mouse 10. child man woman policeman Frenchman 11. Roman German human 12. phenomenon quiz crisis analysis emphasis 13. grown-up passer-by looker-on stand-by editor-in-chief 14. deer sheep series fish species 15. works means aircraft Chinese Japanese 16. boy friend girl student man teacher woman scientist 【即时训练三】答案 1. glasses buses boxes churches brushes 2. breaths paths oxen mouths stomachs 3. families factories cities countries babies 4. valleys chimneys monkeys holidays boys 5. potatoes tomatoes heroes Negroes volcanoes 6. kilos pianos photos radios kangaroos 7. knives leaves wolves lives thieves 8. gulfs roofs beliefs proofs chefs 9. teeth geese mice 10. children men women policemen Frenchmen 11. Romans Germans humans 12. phenomena quizzes crises analyses emphases 13. grown-ups passers-by lookers-on stand-bys editors-in-chief 14. deer sheep series fish species 15. works means aircraft Chinese Japanese 16. boy classmates girl students men teachers women scientists 分类训练（四）动词或形容词变名词100例 给出下列单词的名词形式，若有两个名词，先人后物： 1.accept 7.anxious 13.assist 2.accommodate 8.appear 14.appoint 3.accurate 9.approve 15.aware 4.acquaint 10.allow 16.beautiful 5.admit 11.argue 17.bore 6.abundant 12.arrive 18.choose19.compare 47.found 75.prepare 20.compete 48.frequent 76.press 21.complain 49.generous 77.private 22.consume 50.grow 78.pronounce 23.conclude 51.honest 79.publish 24.consequent 52.ignore 80.qualify 25.curious 53.improve 81.real 26.decide 54.injure 82.recognize 27.deep 55.intend 83.recover 28.depart 56.introduce 84.refuse 29.depend 57.invite 85.relax 30.describe 58.just 86.relieve 31.destroy 59.laugh 87.resist 32.disturb 60.long 88.respond 33.diverse 61.lose 89.responsible 34.emergent 62.major 90.secure 35.enter 63.mix 91.significant 36.enthusiastic 64.modest 92.similar 37.equal 65.necessary 93.starve 38.except 66.occupy 94.strong 39.expect 67.operate 95.survive 40.exist 68.participate 96.true 41.expand 69.permit 97.vary 42.explain 70.physics 98.warm 43.explore 71.piano 99.wise 44.friendly 72.poor 100.young 45.fluent 73.possible 46.fly 74.prefer 【分层训练四答案】 1.acceptance 14.appointment 27.depth 2.accommodation 15.awareness 28.departure 3.accuracy 16.beauty 29.dependence 4.acquaintance 17.boredom 30.description 5.admission 18.choice 31.destruction 6.abundance 19.comparison 32.disturbance 7.anxiety 20.competitor, competition 33.diversity 8.appearance 21.complaint 34.emergency 9.approval 22.consumer, consumption 35.entrance, entry 10.allowance 23.conclusion 36.enthusiasm 11.argument 24.consequence 37.equalilty 12.arrival 25.curiosity 38.exception 13.assistant,assistance 26.decision 39.expectation40.existence 61.loser;loss 82.recognition 41.expansion 62.major; majority 83.recovery 42.explanation 63.mixture 84.refusal 43.explorer, exploration 64.modesty 85.relaxation 44.friendliness 65.necessity 86.relief 45.fluency 66.occupation 87. resistance 46.flight 67.operator, operation 88.response 47.founder, foundation 68.participant, participation 89.responsibility 48.frequency 69.permit; permission 90.security 49.generosity 70.physicist 91.significance 50.growth 71.pianist 92.similarity 51.honesty 72.poverty 93.starvation 52.ignorance 73.possibility 94.strength 53.improvement 74. preference 95.survivor, survival 54.injury 75.preparation 96.truth 55.intention 76.pressure, 97.variety 56. introduction 77.privacy 98.warmth 57.invitation 78.pronunciation 99.wisdom 58.justice 79.publication 100.youth 59.laughter 80. qualification 60.length 81.reality 分类训练（五）语 法填空（外刊原 创） New trend to explore 'city' China making waves on social media “city不city” 网络热梗的流行折 射中国旅游蓬勃生 机The catchphrase "city不(bu)city," 1 means "city or not a city," went viral on social media last week. It was created by a TikTok vlogger @bao_bao_xiong_ and his 2 (video) using the catchphrase have received millions of views on both TikTok and Douyin. On Saturday, @bao_bao_xiong posted a video explaining the 3 (mean) of this phrase. He said that "city" can 4 (simple) mean something very "of the city," like fashionable, but most importantly it's a feeling of lively or thrilling. As the summer travel season approached, many people started to use "city不city" to express their feelings about a new place on social media and it became an 5 (attract) of China for foreign tourists. Since China announced the 72/144-hour visa-free transit policy last November, it 6 (apply) to 54 countries and attracted millions of foreigners coming to explore the "city" of China. According to the National Immigration Administration, 7 number of foreigners coming to China recorded a threefold increase in the first quarter of this year. 144-hour visa-free transit and #chinatravel have also become trending topics on TikTok and YouTube. @PASSPORT VISIONZ, a TikTok vlogger, came to China with her husband and filmed a series of videos recording their 8 (astonish) when they saw the "city" China, which has reached more than seven million views on TikTok and became their most viewed video. Many 9 (netizen) who saw those videos expressed their amazement at how "city" China is now and their 10 (willing) to come to China. 【参考答案】 1. which 2. videos 3. meaning 4. simply 5. attraction 6. has applied 7. the 8. astonishment 9. netizens 10. willingness 【新闻背景】 在华外国博主发明的“city不city 啊”走红社交媒体，外交部回应—— 在7月4日外交部例行记者会上，有记者提问称，近期一些在华外国博主发明的网络热词 “city不city 啊”“好 city啊”走红社交媒体，引起中外网友的广泛转发分享。发言人对此有 何评论？ 外交部发言人毛宁表示，很高兴看到外国朋友们在中国享受美景美食，亲身感受生动真实的 中国。今年前5个月入境外国人超过了1200万人次，其中免签入境超过700万人次。端午节假 期期间，外国人出入境人次同比增长了 57%。毛宁表示，我们将不断优化人员往来便利措施，让 外国朋友们在中国旅行更加方便，更加舒适。中国就在这里，欢迎大家来。