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考点 30 阅读七选五-段中设空题（核心考点精讲精练）
1.高考真题考点分布年份 卷别 体裁 词数 主题 话题 设题位置 选项特
语境 段 段 段 征
首 中 尾
新高考全 夹叙夹 313 人与 使用英语词典的经 1 4 0 完整句
国I卷 议文 自我 验、心得与乐趣
新高考全
国** 错 人与 如何避免“过度旅
说明文 297 1 3 1 完整句
误的表达 自然 游”
式 **I卷
2024
人与
年 全国甲卷 说明文 313 适度饮食 1 3 1 完整句
自我
“刺猬”型思维方式
人与
北京卷 说明文 363 和“狐狸”型思维方 1 4 0 完整句
社会
式
浙江1月 人与
说明文 330 在线学习利弊 1 4 0 完整句
卷 社会
新高考全 人与
说明文 321 自我原谅 0 4 1 完整句
国I卷 自我
新高考全
国** 错 人与
说明文 310 开始艺术之旅的建议 1 3 1 完整句
误的表达 社会
式 **I卷
残缺句
人与
2023 全国乙卷 说明文 335 室内植物的好处 0 3 2 ＋完整
自然
年 句
残缺句
人与 成为更有耐心的人的
全国甲卷 说明文 287 1 3 1 ＋完整
自我 技巧
句
人与
北京卷 说明文 255 如何选择高校的建议 1 3 1 完整句
社会
浙江1月
人与 能使火车旅行更舒适
说明文 361 1 4 0 完整句
卷 社会 的建议残缺句
人与 一些外出就餐时要知
全国甲卷 说明文 315 1 3 1 ＋完整
社会 道的一些重要事情
句
残缺句
人与 五种维系异地友谊的
全国乙卷 说明文 316 3 1 1 ＋完整
社会 方法
句
新高考全 人与 如何找到一个一起锻
说明文 332 0 4 1 完整句
国I卷 社会 炼的伙伴
2022
新高考全
年
国** 错 人与
说明文 312 介绍写文章的技巧 1 4 0 完整句
误的表达 社会
式 **I卷
既可以充分利用时间
浙江卷1 人与
说明文 309 又可以快乐放松的有 2 2 1 完整句
月 社会
效建议
浙江卷6 人与 写作都是带有某种目
说明文 338 1 3 1 完整句
月 社会 的的
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
从近三年高考试题对段中句共考查54次。此种题主要考查前后句子的逻辑性和内容的连贯性，和句子之间
的衔接手法。当设空在段中时，通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文之间的街接关系。
1）选材特点：一般为300词左右的短文，以记叙文和说明文常见。
2）设空特点：一般有五种：标题类、主题句类、承上启下类、归纳总结类、语篇拓展类。
【备考策略】
1. 宏观把握文章的篇章结构，理清行文的逻辑线索和文章脉络。当设空处位于首段末尾或段首时，
考虑它是否为总起句或段落主题句，以此作为破题点，便可以快速选出正确答案。
2. 做题时可以圈定一些题干中和选项中的关键线索（比如代词、设空处后的逗号等），这些线索可
以帮助我们排除选项。比如，代词的作用就是指代前面提及的名词或句子，根据指代关系和代词的单复数
差异可以快速解题。
3.【命题预测】
从近三年命题的发展趋势来看，预测2025年高考阅读理解七选五试题仍然以结构鲜明的指导类说明文
为主，段中句也是考查重点，至少设空2-3题。【必备基础知识】
七选五阅读文章体裁以说明文、记叙文为主。语篇模式也较为固定：依次是提出问题、分析问题、最
后是提供解决方案；题目的位置也很固定：有首句、句中、末句与独立成段四种情形；题型的正确选
项大致可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意
义）三类。
[阅读七选五解题四步骤]
第一步：通读全文，掌握大意
阅读七选五多为说明文，寻找主题句是掌握全文主旨大意最有效的方法。说明文的主题句一般是首段的第
一句或第二句，有些会出现在文章的末尾，阅读时要特别关注这些句子。
第二步：阅读选项，标记线索通读完文章，依次快速浏览各个选项，弄清句子的类别和意义，并找出每个
选项中的线索词或关键词，据此初步确定哪个选项应放在文章的哪个位置上。
第三步：详读段落，定位选项了解文章大意和选项内容之后，再细读文章，分析上下文语段之间的逻辑关
系和语义关系，根据所标记的线索词和关键词，进一步确定选项。
第四步：研读选项，排除干扰尽管答案已选出，但为了避免失误，还要对多余的两个选项进行进一步的研
读，确认它们和文章的意义没有关联，最终将其排除。
段中设空的题目即为主题句的展开句。此种题要注意分析前后的逻辑性和内容的连贯性，注意句子之间的
衔接手法。当设空在段中时，通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文之间的街接关系。
常见的逻辑关系包括7类:总分关系、并列关系、递进关系、转折关系, 因果关系、解释关系和例证关系。
01 段中句考查句子之间逻辑关系
一．段中句题型综述
逻辑连接是组织文章最主要的方式，语义逻辑构成了语篇的框架。对常用的逻辑关系了然于心，并在阅读
时能有效地找出其连接的对应点，是学生解答“七选五”的关键。
“七选五”中常见的逻辑连接可以归类为七种：
（1）总分关系：指选项是中心句；
（2）并列关系：指选项与前句或后句在结构或内容上一致；
（3）递进关系：指后句对前句进行补充说明或语义上的延伸；
（4）转折关系；指选项与前句或后句语义相反或相对，后句往往是对前句的修正，表达作者的真正意图；
（5）因果关系：指选项与前后句构成因果关系；
（6）概括阐释：指前句对后句或后句对前句进行归纳概括，若前句归纳，后句即是对前句的具体阐释，
使得概念更加清晰易懂；若后句概括，即后句是对前句所阐释的内容进行意义整合；
（7）例证关系：指后句是前句的具体实例。二、段中设空考题的解题思路
通常考查与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。考查要点有: 总分关系、解释关系、例证关系、转
折关系、因果关系、递进关系和并列关系。有时会出现下列衔接词汇或短语结构: first, second, then, next,
later, soon, so, but, however, additionally, what’s more, that is, namely, in other words, for one thing. . . for another
等, 这些词汇和短语结构在文章中起到提示逻辑关系的作用, 是解题时需要重点关注的部分。
1、根据总分关系确定答案
主要从以下二个方面解题：
一是掌握特点:“总”是指总体概括，“分”指的是内容的具体展开；
二是技巧运用:是先“总”后“分”，是先“分”后“总”,还是先“总”后“分”再“总”。
例如：
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 37 We slept in a tent, cooked
over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother
Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s
food poisoning.
C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.
F. After the trip, my family became interested in camping.
【思路分析】本题考查总分关系。根据下文的描述“我们睡在帐篷里、在篝火上做饭、走很远的路去洗澡
和上厕所”可知, 这次野营比较艰难, 设空处是总体评价, 后面是详细描述。故选C。
2、根据解释关系确定答案
主要从以下二个方面解题：
一是掌握特点:提出观点，然后对该观点解释说明；
二是技巧运用:设空处是提出的观点还是对观点的解释说明。例如：
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率). You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés
are always crowded. 40 When do these people work? The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so
seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that
independent contractors can be on call.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【思路分析】本题考查解释关系。设空前介绍法国咖啡厅常常很拥挤, 设空处“并非所有的顾客都是游
客”符合语境, 空后通过设问“这些人什么时候工作呢? ”,用回答该问题的方式来解释为什么当地人有时间
享受咖啡馆生活。故选A。
3、根据例证关系确定答案
主要从以下二个方面解题：
一是掌握特点:思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系；
二是技巧运用:是先给例子，再归纳观点;还是先给出观点,再举例说明。
例如：
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) worked. 3 7
Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the
only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【思路分析】本题考查例证关系。本段句首提出观点: “可是, 这个地方并不完全像地道的巴黎”, 接下来要
举例说明, 再结合空前一句讲的是“管道正常工作”, 空后一句讲的是“甚至还有小电梯”, 本句内容应该
涉及房子的好处“公寓里有不错的厨房和舒适的床”,故选C。
4、根据转折关系确定答案
表示转折关系的连接词有: but但是, however/whereas然而, nevertheless仍然, 然而, 不过, nonetheless尽管如
此, 依然, 然而, still还; 然而, though可是, 不过, 然而, yet然而, in spite of不顾, 不管, at any rate无论如
何, 至少, in any case无论如何, 不管怎样, whoever无论是谁, whatever无论什么, on the contrary正相反,
in contrast 与此相反, 相比之下, by contrast 相反, 相比之下, in comparison 比较起来, 比较地, bycomparison相比之下, conversely相反(地), otherwise否则; 除此以外, not. . . but不是……而是, as well也等。
主要从以下二个方面解题：
一是掌握特点:指英语行文中后句与前句构成逆转逻辑关系；
二是技巧运用:空格前后两句话之间如果是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个表示转折关系的句子。
例如：
“I often send postcards to family and friends.”he says to China Daily,“but you can imagine that after a while,
you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it. 32 ”Seeking other like-
minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online. Many would say the Internet is
a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulo’s hunch (直觉)paid off.
A. And that’s totally fine.
B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.
C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby.
D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
【思路分析】本题考查转折关系。设空处前一句的句意为“过了一段时间你会发现自己收到的明信片没有
发出去的多”。设空处后一句的句意为“然而, Paulo没有放弃自己的爱好, 而是采取了网络的方式”根据
逻辑判断, 设空处应与其前一句构成转折关系, 意为“那完全不成问题”。故选A。
5、根据因果关系确定答案
表示因果关系的连词有 as a result/consequently结果, thus/therefore因此, so (such). . . that. . . 如此……以至
于……等。
主要从以下二个方面解题：
一是掌握特点：指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系；
二是技巧运用：是说明了前因后果还是前果后因等情况。
例如：
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically
expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the
hallway.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【思路分析】本题考查因果关系。根据空后的句子中的So可知, 该句与设空处是因果关系。F项“我们的
目的是想看看我们能否像真正的巴黎人一样生活”是作者和她丈夫在巴黎租住公寓的原因。故选F。6、根据递进关系确定答案
表示递进关系的连词有: also也, 而且, further另外(地), furthermore而且, 此外, likewise同样地, 照样地; 也,又,
similarly相似地, 类似地, moreover而且, 再者, 此外, in addition另外, 加之, what’s more更重要的是, too也,还,
either也, neither两者都不, not only. . . but also不但……而且等。
主要从以下二个方面解题：
一是掌握特点:后面的句子是对前面所述内容的进一步解释说明，即行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系；
二是技巧运用:空格前后两句之间如果是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个表示递进的句子。
例如：
Language is certainly a barrier for many people. For postcrossing to work worldwide, a common communication
language is needed so that everyone can understand each other. As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in
Chinese, the concept doesn’t work if one doesn’t understand it. 34 So a common language is required and in
postcrossing that’s English since it’s widely spoken.
A. And that’s totally fine.
B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.
C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby.
D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
【思路分析】本题考查递进关系。As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept
doesn’t work if one doesn’t understand it. “虽然收到一张汉语卡片很酷, 但如果你不懂汉语, 你就看不懂意
思”, 而F项Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away. “同
样, 如果你只会说中文, 收到一张瑞典语的卡片也会让你失去一部分乐趣”与前句构成递进关系。故选F。
7、根据并列关系确定答案
主要从以下二个方面解题：
一是掌握特点:前后两句是逻辑上的并列关系；
二是技巧运用:寻找表示并列的关系词,如:and, first(ly), second(ly),...; first, then/next, ..;in the first place, in the
second place.; for one thing, for another; to begin with, to conclude等标志性词语。
例如：
What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking? If you can’t take their wine away,
you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the
kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. 3 9 .
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talkingG. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
【思路分析】本题考查并列关系。空处与空格前的“If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the
kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. ”构成并列句中的选择关系, 并与首句中“won’t
stop talking”呼应, 故E项(或者把谈话变成一个他们无话可说的话题)符合语境。故选E。
【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious
followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what
it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration
and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ___16___ You’ll want to look back on your
journey to see how far you’ve come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether
you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___17___
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___18___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful.
Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a
painting every day for a month and post the works online.
·___19___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social
media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my
level of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. ___20___ Push through, give it time and put in the effort.
You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
.
A Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. A 19. D 20. E
答案详解：
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。
文章结构：总-分-总
36.C。空格的位置在段落中间，起到承上启下的作用。根据空前Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素
描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works
in the future.从小事做起。我建议使用速写本进行小的试画。这些小的试画提供了灵感，可能是未来更复杂
工作的跳板。可知，这些初期的小习作对未来很重要。根据空后的You'll want to look back on your journey to see how far you've come.你会想回顾你的旅程，看看你
已经走了多远。可知，你可以通过回顾这些作品看到自己的发展。
C 项 Don't throw away your beginner art . 不要丢掉你的初级作品，符合语境，因此应选 C 。
37.G。空格的位置在段尾，一般为承上而来或总结本段，根据本段主题句Paint often and paint from life.经
常绘画，从生活中绘画。可知，本段建议要经常绘画。
再根据空前There's no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles.没有比增加笔端里程更好的提高
方法了。可知作者在建议尽可能多的练习绘画。
G项中的repetition重复，反复与often意思相近 ， You'll develop that painting muscle memory that only
comes with repetition . 你会发展绘画肌肉记忆，这种记忆只能通过重复来实现。是对本段的总结。因此应选
G 。
38.A。空格的位置在段落中间，起到承前启后的作用。根据本段主题句Continually challenge yourself to try
something new.不断挑战自己，尝试新事物。再根据空后的Artistic growth can be a bit painful.艺术的成长可
能会有点痛苦。
可知，要尝试新事物，应该不是一件舒适的事情， A 项 Get out of your comfort zone . 走出舒适区， comfort
zone 与 challenge yourself ， try something new . 相对，符合语境，与下文的艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦紧密相
连。因此应选 A 。
39.D。空格的位置在段首，是本段的主题句。根据本段的Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈)
is crucial to growth.寻求并接受建设性的反馈对成长至关重要。I post my work on social media我把我的作品
发布在社交媒体上。可知，本段与分享作品有关。
D 项 Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so . 分享你的作品，如果你觉得这样做很舒服的话，符合语
境，因此应选 D 。
40.E。空格的位置在段落中间，起到承上启下的作用。根据空前The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight
path.你的旅程将不会是一条笔直的道路。可知接下来应该是讲遇到困难。
根据下文Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.坚持下
去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报。可知，这是遇到困难时应有的态度。
E 项 You'll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. 你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁。符合语
境，因此应选 E 。
（2024·湖北黄冈·三模）In our modern economy, accelerated learning can be crucial for success. Learning faster
means gaining more knowledge—quicker than others. 16 Anyone can learn from them and accelerate their
learning process with the following techniques.
Combine Learning Styles That Play to Your Strengths
When you aim to accelerate your learning, what you choose to learn should not be limited to a curriculum or
classroom structure. 17 Different materials along with your learning style can accelerate or slow down
your comprehension process. The best learning style is the one that makes it easier to process, or comprehend ideas,
and subjects faster. Once you know your learning strengths and weaknesses, you can choose learning strategies thatplay to your strengths.
Seek First to Understand The Basic Structure of The Topic You Choose
18 So you need to seek first to understand the basics. In other words, you have to get to know the tree’s
root, trunk, then branch out from there. Don’t start from the branches or the leaves, pursue the root and work your
way to the topic. Therefore, whatever topic you choose to learn or study, just start with the basics.
Give Yourself Plenty of Time in Both “Focused” And “Diffused”(分散的)Modes
Normally, the human brain is not meant to stay in “focused” mode for hours at a time. 19
Consequently, when your brain is active for a very long time, you’re actually blocking your access to the diffused
mode — a more relaxed state.
Therefore, diffused mode is just as valuable as the focused mode. So — just take breaks, let your mind
wander, think about other things, and give your brain plenty of time to make better connections. 20
A．You can benefit a lot from staying focused.
B．Smart learners don’t have any special secrets.
C．You should try to choose whatever you like best.
D．Every topic or subject has a logical structure to it.
E．Then you can learn better by imposing breaks on yourself.
F．Long-lasting attention to a single task can block memory and recall.
G．You can practically choose content from many sources, experts, and authors.
【答案】16．B 17．G 18．D 19．F 20．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些技巧以帮助人们更加有效地进行快速学习。
16．根据空后的“Anyone can learn from them and accelerate their learning process with the following
techniques. (任何人都可以向他们学习，并通过以下技巧加速他们的学习过程)”可推测，空处提到了一些会
快速学习的人。选项B“Smart learners don’t have any special secrets.(聪明的学习者没有什么特别的秘密。)”
中的“Smart learners”与下文的“them”保持一致，内容上也自然引出下文内容。故选B。
17．根据标题“Combine Learning Styles That Play to Your Strengths (结合能发挥你优势的学习方式)”以及空
前的“When you aim to accelerate your learning, what you choose to learn should not be limited to a curriculum or
classroom structure. (当你的目标是加速你的学习，你选择学习不应该局限于课程或课堂结构)”可知，我们可
以选择学习课程或课堂之外的内容；而下文“Different materials along with your learning style can accelerate
or slow down your comprehension process.(根据你的学习方式选择不同的材料可以加速或减缓你的理解过
程)”则指出不同的学习内容选择不同的学习方式。选项G“You can practically choose content from many
sources, experts, and authors. (实际上，您可以从许多来源、专家和作者中选择内容。)”与上下文内容一致，
指的是选择不同的学习内容，并采用适当的学习方式。故选G。
18．根据下文“So you need to seek first to understand the basics. In other words, you have to get to know the
tree’s root, trunk, then branch out from there. Don’t start from the branches or the leaves, pursue the root and work
your way to the topic. Therefore, whatever topic you choose to learn or study, just start with the basics.(所以你需
要先了解基础知识。换句话说，你必须了解树的根，树干，然后从那里伸出树枝。不要从枝叶入手，要追
根溯源，直达主题。因此，无论你选择学习或研究什么主题，都要从基础开始)”可知，我们要了解自己所学内容的结构。选项D“Every topic or subject has a logical structure to it.(每个话题或主题都有一个逻辑结
构。)”自然引出下文内容，指出每个话题或主题都有一个逻辑结构，所以我们应该了解自己所学内容的逻
辑结构。故选D。
19．根据空前内容“Normally, the human brain is not meant to stay in “focused” mode for hours at a time.(正常
情况下，人类的大脑不会一次保持几个小时的“专注”模式)”可知，人类大脑不会一直保持专注。选项
F“Long-lasting attention to a single task can block memory and recall.(长时间专注于一项任务会阻碍记忆和回
忆。)”与上文内容一致，指的是人类大脑不能一直保持专注，同时引出下文“Consequently, when your brain
is active for a very long time, you’re actually blocking your access to the diffused mode—a more relaxed state.(因
此，当你的大脑长时间处于活跃状态时，你实际上是在阻碍你进入扩散模式——一种更放松的状态)”。故
选F。
20．根据上文内容“Therefore, diffused mode is just as valuable as the focused mode. So—just take breaks, let
your mind wander, think about other things, and give your brain plenty of time to make better connections.(因此，
扩散模式和聚焦模式一样有价值。所以，只要休息一下，让你的思想游离，想想其他事情，给你的大脑足
够的时间来建立更好的联系)”可知，上文提出我们应该劳逸结合。选项E“Then you can learn better by
imposing breaks on yourself.(然后你可以通过给自己一些休息时间来学得更好。)”与上文内容相符，指出休
息会让学习效果更好。故选E。
02 段中句考查词汇线索
1.人称代词或物主代词指代
前文出现过的人或物，再次提到时，为了避免重复，为避免重复，常用人称代词，不定代
词，指示代词，反身代词，以及 such 和 so 指代前文提到的内容。做题时要注意指代的人
称、数的一致性。
it 可指代单数名词或整个句子;
they 或 them 指代复数名词:
one 指代单数可数名词;
ones 指代复数名词;
that 指代不可数名词或句子;
this 指代单数名词或句子:
these 或 those 指代前句的复数名词。
做题过程中要特别关注空后的句子或选项中是否有代词，可以利用指代关系以及代词单复
数形式的差异快速锁定答案。
2.词汇线索---高频词复现（同义词/近义词/上下义词/同一范畴词）
1）复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概
念进行重复描述。
复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。2）同范畴词出现
同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中
找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越
紧密。
1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a
perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does
not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my
laptop's spellchecker. ____37____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but
I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise
Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
____38____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words
whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a
bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000
words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____39____ However, if I need to check the origin of a
word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better.
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the
English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one
definition of "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding
experience.
A. I don't often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don't want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
【答案】36. F 37. B 38. E 39. A 40. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。
【36题详解】
上文“If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(如果你想发
表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语
法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.(这意味
着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。
【37题详解】上文“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑
的拼写检查器;下文“Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-
fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词
典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体
书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes no account of the
context.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。
【38题详解】
下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose
meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.(它应该给出每个单
词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到
了字典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”
提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。
【39题详解】
下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.
(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使
用情况，A选项“I don’t often use this dictionary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下
文构成转折关系。故选A项。
【40题详解】
上文“ “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work, ” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of ”dull".(约翰逊
在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，
下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间
浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“But a dictionary can be a
pleasure to read.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，
与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。
2.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The
thing is, it’s true. 40. We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to
develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自我原谅的一些具体方法,其中包括列举自己的优点、列举
自己做过的好事、让别人写下自己的优点等。40.G 根据空后内容“We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop
and grow.”(我们一直在改变和学习,错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式。)可知,作者认为犯错并不是性格
中固有的一面,我们是通过错误来成长的。选项G “Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of
your personality.”符合语境。故选G。选项中的mistake和文章中的mistakes是原词复现。
（2024·河南·模拟预测）How to Create the Perfect Spring Planter
Spring containers are an easy solution for jazzing up a colorless balcony and boring corners of any garden at
this time of year. 16
Choosing the right container is important. Always think about the style of your garden. 17
They are solid pots for spring as they don’t blow over in those early spring winds. Check that the pot has a large
drainage (排水) hole to ensure that the soil drains well, but always cover it with a crock (like a piece from a broken
flower planter) so that the soil doesn’t block the hole and create problems with drainage later down the line.
Choosing the right compost (堆肥) is the key to the success of any planting. I think it’s best to use soil-based
compost so that the soil does not become too heavy or waterlogged, especially in spring when we could have plenty
of showers. 18 And too much water in the soil will freeze, preventing the plants from taking up the
vital water.
Plant combinations are important, so always think about mixes which will last as well as annual and
perennial (多年生的) ones. 19 A bunch of pots forces the eye to look around and take in each pot
and plant combination. A nice option is planting summer flowers like Dahlia or Lily to create a summer impact.
20 It can be achieved by using tall plants. If you don’t have a tall plant then you can always raise
your pot off the ground with old house bricks or decorative pot feet, or use steps in your garden to create interest
and drama.
A pleasant smell is always a lovely addition to a space as well as wildlife. Select the right plant for your
location in your garden－sun or shade-loving.
A．I like good, weighty planters.
B．It can still be frosty right up to May.
C．And besides, they are so easy to care for.
D．I also like to group pots together in different sizes.
E．Capitalize on those variations to help choose companions.
F．You may find some of these plants in smaller pots or even multi-packs.
G．Height is important to think about when you’re designing your arrangement.
【答案】16．C 17．A 18．B 19．D 20．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了打造完美春季花盆的技巧，包括挑选与花园风格匹配的稳固花盆、
使用土壤基质堆肥确保良好排水、植物搭配考虑持久性与季节性，以及通过高低错落布置增加观赏性。
16．由上文“Spring containers are an easy solution for jazzing up a colorless balcony and boring corners of any
garden at this time of year. (春季容器是此时为无色的阳台和花园中枯燥角落增添活力的简单解决方案)”可知，本空继续讲述春季种植容器的好处，C选项“此外，它们很容易照料”继续补充说明了春季种植容器便于
打理的优点，能承接上文，符合题意。故选C。
17．由上文“Choosing the right container is important. Always think about the style of your garden. (选择合适的
容器很重要。始终要考虑你花园的风格)”可知，上文提到了选择容器的重要性以及需要考虑的因素，本空
要说跟“选择容器”有关的话题，A选项“我喜欢坚固、沉稳的种植容器”是对个人偏好的具体描述，与
前文关于容器的选择相呼应，能承接上文，符合题意。故选A。
18．由上文“I think it’s best to use soil-based compost so that the soil does not become too heavy or waterlogged,
especially in spring when we could have plenty of showers. (我认为最好使用基于土壤的堆肥，这样土壤就不会
变得太重或过于水浸，尤其是在春季，我们可能会有很多阵雨)”可知，上文提到了春季雨水多可能导致的
问题，本空要说跟“春季天气”有关的话题，B选项“直到五月还可能有霜冻”继续补充了春季天气的另
一特点，即霜冻，都是关于春季气候对植物生长影响的讨论，能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。
19．由上文“Plant combinations are important, so always think about mixes which will last as well as annual and
perennial ones. (植物组合很重要，所以要经常考虑那些能够持续生长以及一年生和多年生的植物组合)”可知，
上文提到了植物搭配的策略，本空要说跟“植物搭配”有关的话题，D选项“我也喜欢把不同大小的花盆
放在一起”进一步说明了如何通过组合花盆来营造和谐的视觉效果，与前文关于植物布局的内容紧密相连，
能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。
20．由下文“It can be achieved by using tall plants. If you don’t have a tall plant when you can always raise your
pot off the ground with old house bricks or decorative pot feet, or use steps in your garden to create interest and
drama. (这可以通过使用高大的植物来实现。如果你没有一株高大的植物，你可以用旧砖或装饰花盆的脚把
你的花盆抬离地面，或者在你的花园里用台阶来创造兴趣和戏剧)”可知，上文提到了使用高大植物达到某
种效果的方法，本空要说跟“设计布置”有关的话题，G选项“在设计布置时，高度是一个需要考虑的重
要因素”作为引言，指出在设计植物布局时应考虑高度问题，与下文提出的解决方案相衔接。故选G。
03 考查前后句子相似结构
句子结构重复出现，常有also等作为标志词。
【2019 年全国卷Ⅱ】Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the
question:“Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two
sides of same coin. ___36___Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.
___37___ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate
yourself , your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your
you’re your goals
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it
【答案】36. G 37. B 38. A 39. E 40. C
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章作者对于怎样设定具体目标，给出了一些方法。
36.G 上文说“动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面”。下文说“就像孩子在跳水台，难以决定”。该空
承上启下，G选项“没有目标，你就既不能设定目标，也无法实现它”切题，故选G。
37.B 下文说“不仅如此，你应该如何为实现你的目标保持积极性”。该空引出下文，B选项“那么你应该
如何激励自己呢”切题，故选B。与B选项“So how should you motivate yourself？”使用了相同的问句形
式“how should you...”
（2024·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）A lot of people assume the more work they put in at the gym, and the
longer and harder they push themselves, the better their results will be. 16 But if you want to get the best
gains, the key is to focus on the quality of the work rather than the quantity.
Your body is capable of making only tiny adaptations and improvements at any one time. Once you've given
it enough push to make these changes, any additional work you do after that point won't be making you any better.
17 This is because you'll need longer to recover afterwards. Besides, you won't feel fresh when you start your
next session. Ideally, it's just enough to do the smallest amount of work required to promote growth in every
workout. 18 Thus the minimum amount of exercise brings the maximum physical gains.
19 For example, if a new gym-goer wants to get stronger, he might start a squat (深蹲) workout,
which is made up of ten steps, each having five repetitions. In theory, it's a sensible way for building strength. If
he's only attempted three steps in his previous exercise, it's far from enough. The fourth step would push him past
his previous limit and force adaptation. But the subsequent steps are meant for more professional people. 20
As a general rule, regardless of your experience, aim to only increase the volume of any exercise by one step
from workout to workout.
A．It seems logical.
B．Instead, it'll harm your progress.
C．It's natural that you may want to keep fit.
D．After that, you can stop exercising during the day.
E．Only in this way can you enjoy the benefit of exercise.
F．They would just increase the chance of injury for beginners.
G．How much exercise you need to do depends on your current fitness level.
【答案】16．A 17．B 18．D 19．G 20．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们在锻炼的时候不能贪多，需要量力而行，逐步前进。
16．根据上文“A lot of people assume the more work they put in at the gym, and the longer and harder they pushthemselves, the better their results will be. (很多人认为他们在健身房投入的工作量越多，时间越长、努力越
强，他们的成绩就会越好)”以及下文“But if you want to get the best gains, the key is to focus on the quality of
the work rather than the quantity. (但如果你想获得最好的收获，关键是要关注工作的质量，而不是数量) ”可
知，人们普遍认为锻炼的时间越长、越刻苦，收益就越大；但是实际上，锻炼时应该更关注锻炼的质量而
非锻炼的时长。空处应承上启下，将上下文衔接起来。A项“It seems logical. (这似乎合乎逻辑)”中的It指
代上文 the more work they put in at the gym, and the longer and harder they push themselves, the better their
results will be这件事。故选A项。
17．根据上文“Once you've given it enough push to make these changes, any additional work you do after that
point won't be making you any better. (一旦你给了它足够的动力来做出这些改变，在那之后你所做的任何额
外工作都不会让你变得更好)” 以及下文“This is because you'll need longer to recover afterwards. (这是因为你
需要更长的时间来恢复) ”可知，空格处应与上下文语义一致，介绍过度锻炼的坏处。B项“Instead, it'll
harm your progress. (相反，这会损害你的进步)”承上启下，符合语境，故选B项。
18．根据上文“Ideally, it's just enough to do the smallest amount of work required to promote growth in every
workout. (理想情况下，在每次锻炼中只需做促进成长所需的最小工作量就足够了)”可知，空格处应承接上
文，进一步说明健身时，在完成最低训练量后应该停止训练，这样才能得到最大的收益。D项“After that,
you can stop exercising during the day. (之后，你可以停止白天的运动)”承上启下，符合语境，故选D项。
19．根据下文的例子“For example, if a new gym-goer wants to get stronger, he might start a squat (深蹲)
workout, which is made up of ten steps, each having five repetitions. (例如，如果一个新来健身房的人想变得更
强壮，他可能会开始深蹲锻炼，由十个步骤组成，每个步骤重复五次)”可知，本段主要说明了每次锻炼的
运动量如何确定。G项“How much exercise you need to do depends on your current fitness level. (你需要做多
少运动取决于你目前的体能水平)”与本段内容相呼应，符合语境，故选G项。
20．根据上文“But the subsequent steps are meant for more professional people. (但接下来的步骤是为更专业
的人准备的)”可知，后面的训练步骤是更专业的人需要做的，空处应承接上文，解释后续较难的步骤对初
学者来说会有危险。F项“They would just increase the chance of injury for beginners. (它们只会增加初学者受
伤的机会)”符合语境，故选F项。
（最新模拟试题演练）
Passage 1
（2024·江西赣州·二模）Anxiety disorders are a type of mental health condition. Anxiety makes it difficult
to get through your day. Symptoms include feelings of nervousness, panic and fear as well as sweating and a rapid
heartbeat. 1
Have psychotherapy (心理疗法).
Psychotherapy or “talk therapy” can help people with anxiety disorders. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy(CBT) is an example of one type of psychotherapy that can help people with anxiety disorders. It teaches people
different ways of thinking, behaving, and reacting to situations to help you feel less anxious and fearful. CBT has
been well studied and is the gold standard for psychotherapy. 2 It focuses on facing the fears behind an
anxiety disorder to help people engage in activities they have been avoiding. Exposure therapy is sometimes used
along with relaxation exercises. Another treatment option for some anxiety disorders is acceptance and commitment
therapy (ACT). ACT takes a different approach than CBT to negative thoughts.
3
Medication does not cure anxiety disorders but often relieves symptoms. Generally, medication can only be
advised by a medical doctor (such as a psychiatrist or a primary care provider). Medications are sometimes used as
the initial treatment of an anxiety disorder. 4 The most common classes of medications used to fight
anxiety disorders are antidepressants, anti-anxiety drugs, and beta-blockers. Be aware that some medications are
effective only if they are taken regularly and that symptoms may appear again if the medication is stopped.
Join support groups.
You are also recommended to join support groups to get their coping strategies. Some people with anxiety
disorders might benefit from joining a self-help or support group and sharing their problems and achievements with
others. 5 Choose the most suitable and believe you’ll make it.
A．Receive medication.
B．Choose the right doctors.
C．It’s a newer form of psychotherapy treatment.
D．Thankfully, there are effective ways to treat anxiety.
E．Besides, you may learn ways to manage anxiety disorders yourself.
F．Exposure therapy is a CBT method that is used to treat anxiety disorders.
G．They can also be adopted if there is no satisfying response to psychotherapy.
【答案】1．D 2．F 3．A 4．G 5．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一些有效的方法来治疗焦虑。
1．由上文“Anxiety disorders are a type of mental health condition. Anxiety makes it difficult to get through your
day. Symptoms include feelings of nervousness, panic and fear as well as sweating and a rapid heartbeat. (焦虑症
是一种心理健康状况。焦虑使你很难度过一天。症状包括紧张、恐慌和恐惧感，以及出汗和心跳加快。)”
可知，这里主要讲焦虑症的一些表现，而D项Thankfully, there are effective ways to treat anxiety.(值得庆幸
的是，有一些有效的方法可以治疗焦虑。)符合语境，其中anxiety与上文对应， effective ways有启下作用。
故选D项。
2．由上文“Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an example of one type of psychotherapy that can help people
with anxiety disorders. It teaches people different ways of thinking, behaving, and reacting to situations to help you
feel less anxious and fearful. CBT has been well studied and is the gold standard for psychotherapy. (认知行为疗
法（CBT）是一种可以帮助焦虑症患者的心理疗法的例子。它教会人们不同的思考、行为和对情况的反应
方式，帮助你减少焦虑和恐惧。CBT已经得到了很好的研究，是心理治疗的黄金标准。)” 可知，这主要讲
认知行为疗法（CBT）可以帮助焦虑症患者，而F项Exposure therapy is a CBT method that is used to treatanxiety disorders.(暴露疗法是一种CBT方法，用于治疗焦虑症。)符合语境，其中CBT method与上文对应，
Exposure therapy也是下文It的指代内容，所以有承上启下作用。故选F项。
3．由下文“Medication does not cure anxiety disorders but often relieves symptoms. Generally, medication can
only be advised by a medical doctor (such as a psychiatrist or a primary care provider). (药物治疗不能治愈焦虑症，
但往往能缓解症状。一般来说，药物只能由医生（如精神科医生或初级保健提供者）提供建议。)”以及下
文可知，本段主要讲药物治疗对焦虑症的作用。所以A项Receive medication.(接受药物治疗)符合语境，对
本段有总括作用。故选A项。
4．由上文“Medications are sometimes used as the initial treatment of an anxiety disorder.(药物有时被用作焦虑
症的初始治疗。)”可知，药物治疗有时被用作焦虑症的主要治疗手段，而G项They can also be adopted if
there is no satisfying response to psychotherapy.(如果对心理治疗没有满意的反应，它们也可以被采用。)符合
语境，其中They代指前文Medications，有承上作用。故选G项。
5．由上文“You are also recommended to join support groups to get their coping strategies. Some people with
anxiety disorders might benefit from joining a self-help or support group and sharing their problems and
achievements with others. (还建议你加入支持小组，了解他们的应对策略。一些患有焦虑症的人可能会从加
入自助或支持小组并与他人分享他们的问题和成就中受益。)”可知，这里建议你加入支持小组来解决焦虑
问题，而E项Besides, you may learn ways to manage anxiety disorders yourself.(此外，你还可以自己学习管
理焦虑症的方法。)符合语境，其中Besides表示和前面建议为并列关系，有承上作用。故选E项。
Passage 2
（2024·河南驻马店·二模）Imagine being able to update your wardrobe (衣橱) without spending a dollar.
This seemingly too-good-to-be-true idea is entirely possible if you host a clothing swap (交换) party with friends.
Here’s how to go about doing it.
Send out an invitation
Invite the right number of people of more than 10 and less than 20. 6 You can set minimum and
maximum numbers of pieces guests need to bring, if you want. Be clear about what makes a piece swap-worthy, i.
e. no stains, washed, ironed. 7 They can be women’s, children’s clothing, footwear, etc. Remind guests to
bring a bag or box to carry their new finds home and to wear undergarments that facilitate changing.
Set up your living room for the swap
It’s more fun if the space looks like a store, so group like items with like. Fold jeans in a neat pile, clear a
table and make a clothing rack (支架) using a long curtain bar. 8
Make snacks and cocktails
I recently read about a group of mothers in British Columbia who drink Dirty Momma cocktails while
swapping clothing on a regular basis. 9 But stay away from red wine; you don’t want those stains all
over your newfound treasures.
Take turns shopping
1 0 Limit the number of items to three per turn to keep it fair and moving fast. Everybody goes
home with the same number of items that they brought. If two friends have their eye on the same thing, have a
model-off and let the group decide who wears it best. If you’re afraid of hurt feelings, flip a coin instead.A．Draw lots to pick who shops first.
B．Take all the clothing you bought home.
C．It is a common practice to invite guests in Britain.
D．Decide which categories of clothing will be swapped.
E．Establish a changing room and provide full-length mirrors.
F．Give guests at least two weeks to prepare clothing they want to swap.
G．Whether or not your group has an established drink, a cocktail makes the experience more fun.
【答案】6．F 7．D 8．E 9．G 10．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了举办服装交换活动的流程。
6．结合本段小标题“Send out an invitation(发出邀请)”可知，该项内容应属于邀请这个准备阶段做的事情，
F项“给客人至少两周的时间来准备他们想要交换的衣服”符合语境，故选F。
7．下文“They can be women’s, children’s clothing, footwear, etc.(可以是女装、童装、鞋类等)”列举了服装类
别，D项“决定要交换哪种类别的服装”符合语境，故选D。
8．根据本段小标题“Set up your living room for the swap(布置好你的客厅来交换)”可知，该段介绍服装交换
场所布置事项，E项“建立更衣室并提供全身镜”属于这方面的内容，故选E。
9．上文“I recently read about a group of mothers in British Columbia who drink Dirty Momma cocktails while
swapping clothing on a regular basis.(我最近读到一群不列颠哥伦比亚省的母亲，她们一边喝着Dirty Momma
鸡尾酒，一边定期换衣服)”和下文“But stay away from red wine; you don’t want those stains all over your
newfound treasures.(但是不要喝红酒；你不会希望这些污渍沾满你新发现的宝贝吧)”都在说饮品，G项“无
论你的团队是否有既定的饮料，鸡尾酒都会让你的体验更有趣”符合语境，故选G。
10．根据本段小标题“Take turns shopping(轮流购物)”可知，该项是关于顺序问题，A项“抽签决定谁先购
物”与小标题语义一致，也适合作为段首句，故选A。
Passage 3
（2024·辽宁大连·模拟预测）When we are faced with a crisis, or if we have an important decision to
make, many of us fall into the trap of over-thinking. We may keep thinking about something constantly and too
long. 1 How can we stop ourselves from over-thinking?
Doing something to distract yourself is a good idea. You can find working with your hands is especially
good. 2 Your brain simply doesn’t have the resources to split itself into a third activity, for example over-
thinking.
3 Studies have shown that when someone views something in excitement and anxiety, the brain is
forced to become stuck in the present because all of your senses are completely engaged. You do not have time to
focus on something different because your mind is focused on what is stimulating you right now.
Constant wishing, hoping and praying do not give you any relief. They just keep you stuck in one place. But
taking the smallest step off the crisis really matters. It will set things in motion, making you like a snowball. 4
The traps are things that cause your natural ability to react without realizing that there is a connect ionbetween the two. Thus, avoiding re levant traps is also a good idea. 5 For example, if one of your
colleagues is so negative that she always drags you down, stop hanging out with her by having lunch alone at a
nearby restaurant.
A．This mindset tends to ruin our day.
B．Put simply, out of sight, out of mind.
C．Just as a saying goes, once bitten, twice shy.
D．Try watching a suspenseful(悬疑的) movie.
E．You are really getting your brain working for you.
F．Thus, you will gradually move yourself out of the feeling.
G．It engages your motor skills as well as your thinking process.
【答案】1．A 2．G 3．D 4．F 5．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本篇主要讲了一些阻止我们过度思考的方法。
1．根据上文“We may keep thinking about something constantly and too long.(我们可能一直在想某件事，而
且想得太久了)”和下文“How can we stop ourselves from over-thinking?(我们怎样才能阻止自己过度思考
呢？)”可知空格前后都是关乎over-thinking 这种心态，所以选项说明过度思考的不良影响，故A选项“这
种心态往往会毁了我们的一天”符合语境，故选A。
2．根据前文“You can find working with your hands is especially good.(你会发现用手干活特别好)”和后文
“Your brain simply doesn’t have the resources to split itself into a third activity, for example over-thinking.(你的
大脑没有足够的资源把自己分成第三个活动，比如过度思考)”可以推断这里填的是动手的两方面，故G选
项“它涉及你的运动技能和思维过程”符合语境。故选G。
3．根据后文“Studies have shown that when someone views something in excitement and anxiety, the brain is
forced to become stuck in the present because all of your senses are completely engaged. You do not have time to
focus on something different because your mind is focused on what is stimulating you right now.(研究表明，当一
个人在兴奋和焦虑中看待某件事时，大脑会被迫陷入当下，因为你所有的感官都完全投入其中。你没有时
间专注于不同的事情，因为你现在的注意力集中在刺激你的事情上。)”可知，选项说明的内容与下文说明
的内容一致，观看一部悬疑电影会让你把注意力集中在刺激你的事情上。故D选项“尝试观看一部悬疑电
影”符合语境。故选D。
4．根据上文“Constant wishing, hoping and praying do not give you any relief. They just keep you stuck in one
place. But taking the smallest step off the crisis really matters. It will set things in motion, making you like a
snowball.(不断的希望、希望和祈祷并没有给你任何解脱。他们只会把你困在一个地方。但在危机中迈出最
小的一步真的很重要。它会让事情动起来，让你像个雪球)”可以推断把事情拆成小步骤， 然后一点点滚雪
球式完成， 故F选项“因此，你会逐渐摆脱这种感觉”突出一个 gradually逐渐，符合语境。故选F。
5．根据前文“The traps are things that cause your natural ability to react without you realizing that there is a
connection between the two. Thus, avoiding relevant traps is also a good idea.(陷阱是在你没有意识到这两者之
间有联系的情况下，引起你的自然反应能力的事情。因此，避免相关的陷阱也是一个好主意)”和后文的例子远离负面情绪朋友，故B选项“眼不见心不烦”符合语境。故选B。
Passage 4
（2024·河北邢台·模拟预测）Don’t Lose Motivation
Many of us have a dream that we would love to achieve. Having dreams is fine, but achieving dreams
requires determination, single-mindedness, courage, and commitment. 6 . Staying motivated can be hard,
especially if you think you are being frustrated frequently.
How, then, do we get motivated? 7 Motivational speakers outline their recipes for success. There are
videos, books, documentaries, and online courses available to anyone seeking motivation.
Our dreams are usually a bit vague (模糊的). 8 . A long-term goal will be the ultimate dream — let’s
say, setting up a new business. Short-term and medium-term goals will be the stages on the road to the final goal.
9 . Their attitude is going to be optimistic and confident, and you can draw on that yourself. Negative
thoughts can soon disappear if you are with people who exude (洋溢) positivity.
Often we can learn more from our mistakes than we can from our successes. If we make a mistake, then we
have to analyze why. By thinking about the error, working out what went wrong, and seeking another way of doing
the task, we are learning. We must not see failures as a bad thing. 1 0 .
It is important not to worry about losing motivation. The important thing is to tackle it as soon as you realize
your motivation has gone. Think about why your self-motivation has been lost and then get back on the road to
success.
A．The first step to achieving a dream is to turn it into a series of goals
B．Your plan itself is a source of self-motivation
C．You can keep yourself motivated by mixing with other motivated people
D．Above all, we must feel motivated to fulfill our dreams and remain motivated
E．Review your progress regularly to make sure that you are still on course for success
F．They enable us to avoid the mistake happening another time
G．A whole industry has grown up dedicated to motivating people
【答案】6．D 7．G 8．A 9．C 10．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了如何保持动力以实现梦想。文章强调了实现梦想需要决心、专注、
勇气和承诺，并提出了如何获取动力的建议。
6．根据前文的“Having dreams is fine, but achieving dreams requires determination, single-mindedness,
courage, and commitment. (有梦想是好的，但实现梦想需要决心、一心一意、勇气和忠诚。)”可知，此处强
调实现梦想需要决心、一心一意、勇气和承诺。D选项“Above all, we must feel motivated to fulfill our
dreams and remain motivated(最重要的是，我们必须有动力去实现我们的梦想，并保持动力)”强调了实现梦
想在需要决心、一心一意、勇气和承诺的基础上，保持动力的重要性。故选D。
7．根据后文“Motivational speakers outline their recipes for success.(励志演说家概述了他们的成功秘诀。)”
可知，如何获得激励可以从励志演说家身上获得答案。G选项“A whole industry has grown up dedicated tomotivating people(一个致力于激励人们的行业已经发展起来)”说明一个致力于激励人们的行业即“励志演说
家”已经发展起来，能够让人们获得动力，该选项引起下文，符合语境。故选G。
8．根据后文的“A long-term goal will be the ultimate dream—let’s say, setting up a new business. Short-term
and medium-term goals will be the stages on the road to the final goal.(长期目标将是终极梦想——比方说，创
立一家新公司。短期和中期目标将是通往最终目标的道路上的阶段。)”可知，此处强调实现梦想过程中设
定目标的重要性。A选项“The first step to achieving a dream is to turn it into a series of goals(实现梦想的第一
步是把它变成一系列的目标)”与下文呼应，强调实现梦想第一步要设定一些列的目标，符合语境。故选
A。
9．根据后文“Their attitude is going to be optimistic and confident, and you can draw on that yourself. (他们的
态度是乐观和自信的，你可以利用这一点。)”强调他人乐观和自信的态度能够影响到你。C选项“You can
keep yourself motivated by mixing with other motivated people(你可以通过与其他有动力的人交往来保持自己
的动力)”指出与其他有动力的人交往来保持自己的动力，这些有动力的人的积极态度能够让你乐观和自信，
与下文形成呼应。故选C。
10．根据前文“We must not see failures as a bad thing.(我们不能把失败看作一件坏事。)”可知，此处强调实
现梦想过程中失败的重要意义。F选项“They enable us to avoid the mistake happening another time(它们使我
们能够避免错误再次发生)”中的they指代前文的failures，与前文呼应，指出失败的意义在于能够让我们避
免错误再次发生，符合语境。故选F。
Passage 5
（2024·湖北襄阳·三模）All of us want to strive for perfection, don’t we? It could be submitting the perfect
assignment or performing a flawless musical. 6 This is especially so when we are in a large organization,
like a school or company.
When people work as a team, the end product is more likely to be of better quality than if an individual
produces it alone. There is a name for this-synergy (增效) . Now, how does synergy work?
7 Actually, synergy is abundant in the animal kingdom. Remember the clownfish darting (飞奔)
among the sea anemones (海葵) in Finding Nemo? Both creatures demonstrate mutualism at play. The clownfish
hide among the stinging tentacles (触角) of the anemones when their predators come close. In return, the clownfish
scare off the butterfly fish that prey on anemones.
8 From them, we learn that a team that works well together understands the strengths and
weaknesses of each team member. Not only that, the teamleaders and members become proficient when they
exercise specialization. 9
In teamwork, there is much creativity. 1 0 While the occasional conflict may arise when certain
members don’t see eye to eye over an issue, these are few and far between. The team leader will be at hand to ease
tensions when things go wrong.
A．Let’s turn to nature for inspiration.
B．Let’s not wave away the chance to work in teams.
C．Each member will contribute his expertise to benefit the team.
D．However, this ideal circumstance is not always accomplished alone.E．The clownfish and sea anemone make a clever team in surviving the wild.
F．Team members also offer unique perspectives before reaching an agreement.
G．The clownfish and sea anemone make the ocean bed beautiful, don’t you agree?
【答案】6．D 7．A 8．E 9．C 0．F
【导语】这是一篇议论文，团队合作往往带来意想不到的惊喜，这是个人努力所不能实现的。作者通过小
丑鱼和海葵在险恶的海洋环境中并肩作战，共同生存的例子讲述团队合作的重要性。
6．上文“All of us want to strive for perfection, don’t we? It could be submitting the perfect assignment or
performing a flawless musical.(我们都想追求完美，不是吗？它可能是提交完美的作业或表演完美的音乐
剧？)”提到我们每个人都追求完美，结合下文“This is especially so when we are in a large organization, like a
school or company.(当我们在一个大的组织里，比如学校或公司，尤其如此)”可知，追求完美一个人的力量
是不够的，空处应是表示转折，转到本文的话题team，上下文过渡自然，D项“然而，这种理想的情况并
不总是单独完成的”符合语境，故选D。
7．空处为本段的主旨句，从下文“Actually, synergy is abundant in the animal kingdom. Remember the
clownfish darting (飞奔) among the sea anemones (海葵) in Finding Nemo? Both creatures demonstrate mutualism
at play.(实际上，动物王国里有很多协同作用。还记得《海底总动员》中的小丑鱼在海葵之间飞奔吗？这两
种生物都展示了互惠互利)”举《海底总动员》中小丑鱼和海葵在险恶的海洋环境中并肩作战，共同生存的
例子说明自然界团队合作，A项“让我们向大自然寻求灵感吧”符合语境，故选A。
8．根据下文“From them, we learn that a team that works well together understands the strengths and weaknesses
of each team member.(从它们身上，我们了解到一个团队可以很好地合作，了解每个团队成员的优缺点)”可
知，空处应是提到团队合作，并指明下文them的指代对象，E项“小丑鱼和海葵组成了一个在野外生存的
聪明团队”符合语境，下文的them指代E项中的“The clownfish and sea anemone”，故选E。
9．上文“Not only that, the teamleaders and members become proficient when they exercise specialization.(不仅
如此，当团队领导和成员练习专业化时，他们会变得精通)”讲述优秀团队的好处，C项“每个成员都将贡
献自己的专业知识，使团队受益”描述团队成员对于团队的贡献，故选C。
10．上文“In teamwork, there is much creativity.(在团队合作中，有很多创造力)”提到在团队合作中，有很多
创造力，F项“团队成员在达成协议之前也会提供独特的观点”进一步解释团队里更有创造力，且与下文
“While the occasional conflict may arise when certain members don’t see eye to eye over an issue, these are few
and far between.(当某些成员在某个问题上意见不一致时，偶尔会出现冲突，但这种情况很少)”描述环境一
致。故选F。
Passage 6
（2024·安徽·二模）Often our minds paint terrible images of the future. As a therapist, I see this every day.
The everlasting "what ifs" can keep us trapped in a future that does not now and may never exist. These fears take
away the joy and connection we could be experiencing in the present. Still, trying not to worry is rarely effective.
1
Find an anchor.Anchoring exercises（锚定练习）are meant to root us in something occurring in the present moment. 2
As an anchor does for a boat on the water, these experiences can hold our minds in place in the now.
3
What you intend to do for the present can help keep your eyes on the now. Your intention might be as simple
as "I intend to be kind" or "I intend to enjoy my walk". Focusing just on this intention narrows you into the present.
Permit yourself to feel anxious.
Anxiety can be unpleasant. 4 Giving yourself the freedom to feel this is sometimes necessary to free
yourself from an impossible battle.
Set aside time for planning and seek to keep your worry there.
5 It helps us plan for the future. There can be a time and place for that. Setting aside time for
planning can help you set boundaries with your worry so it can fulfill its duties and so you can take part in yours.
A．Focus your attention on assumptions.
B．Outline an intention just for today.
C．Of course, worrying plays a purpose.
D．These are some alternatives for dealing with fear of the future.
E．It could be an experience like a drink of water, one's breath, or a sound.
F．Yet, trying to make ourselves feel less anxious often results in greater anxiety.
G．It strikes me that I am overwhelmed by things outside my current concerns.
【答案】1．D 2．E 3．B 4．F 5．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了应对未来恐惧的一些选择。
1．根据上文“Still, trying not to worry is rarely effective.”（不过，尽量不去担心很少有效果。）可知，选项
承接上文总起下文。故D选项“这有一些应对未来恐惧的一些选择。”切题。some alternatives for dealing
with fear of the future呼应下文的标题。故选D项。
2．根据上文“Anchoring exercises（锚定练习）are meant to root us in something occurring in the present
moment.”（锚定练习是为了让我们扎根于当下发生的事情）可知，选项承接上文具体说明锚定练习。故E
选项“它可以是一种体验，比如喝一口水，一个人的呼吸，或者一个声音”切题。故选E项。
3．根据下文“What you intend to do for the present can help keep your eyes on the now. Your intention might be
as simple as "I intend to be kind" or "I intend to enjoy my walk"”（你现在打算做的事情可以帮助你关注现在。
你的意图可能很简单，比如“我想做个好人”或者“我想享受我的散步”）可知，本段主要关于要设定今
天的目标。故B选项“勾勒出今天的目标”切题，为本段的标题。故选B项。
4．根据上文“Permit yourself to feel anxious. ”（允许自己感到焦虑。）根据上文“Anxiety can be
unpleasant.”（焦虑是不愉快的）可知，选项与上文为转折关系说明与允许自己感到焦虑相反的情况造成的
后果。故F选项“然而，试图让自己不那么焦虑往往会导致更大的焦虑。”切题。故选F项。
5．根据标题“Set aside time for planning and seek to keep your worry there. ”（留出时间来做计划，把你
的担心留在那里）以及下文“It helps us plan for the future.”（它帮助我们规划未来。）可知，选项承接下文说明担忧的作用。故C选项“当然，担心是有目的的。”it指代上文的worrying。故选C项。
Passage 7
（23-24高三下·江西赣州·期末）Are there life lessons in swimming? Swimming is so much more than just
about the stroke or a good kick. 6 What might it say then?
•Be patient with the things you want to learn. Swimming is very technical and requires lots of practice of
drills and skills. This requires patience and no matter how talented you are, you won’t master swimming within a
week. Regardless of your swimming proficiency (熟练), you will always have something to learn. This makes
swimming amazing yet disappointing. There is always the next step, just like in life. 7
•You learn how to deal with failure and setbacks. It’s not always going to be fair. And things won’t always go
our way. There will be times when no matter how hard we work, the results don’t match our effort in practice.
These moments hurt, and they make you realise you are not as good as you think you are. 8 To overcome.
And to be humble.
• 9 Ever wonder why so many swimmers seem to have superhuman speed when it comes to relay
legs? I’ve seen it so many times, from my own swimming, dropping nearly a second on my best time in the 50 m
freestyle, to Jason Lezak and his otherworldly 46.0 at the Beijing Olympics—there is something that happens when
you race for something besides just yourself.
•Losing is as important as winning. Winning is great while losing is terrible. We can agree to that. 1 0
You will lose many times during your swimming career, but being able to lean across the lane line and shake the
winner’s hand means that you conquered (战胜) yourself. Similarly, being a champion is more than just being the
first swimmer to the wall—it’s being humble in victory, and setting an example for those to come.
Swimming is not only a sport; it is a lifestyle. The lessons that you learn from swimming will follow you
through life.
A．Being a team makes everyone better.
B．You do not always get what you want.
C．It can also speak meaningfully into our lives.
D．But they also teach you how to be mentally tough.
E．It teaches you to be mindful of the process and not to rush things.
F．But I believe that how we do both matters more than the outcome.
G．You need to adopt the daily routines and habits that will get you there.
【答案】6．C 7．E 8．D 9．A 10．F
【导语】本文说明文。文章介绍了游泳不仅仅是关于划水或良好的踢腿技巧，它还蕴含着丰富的生活教训。
文章通过几个方面来阐述游泳如何影响并教导我们在生活中的态度和技能。
6．由上文“Swimming is so much more than just about the stroke or a good kick. (游泳不仅仅是划水或踢腿那
么简单。)”可知，此处应表示游泳的技术和动作之外所涵盖的内容。选项C“It can also speak meaningfully
into our lives. (它还可以对我们的生活产生有意义的影响。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选C。
7．由上文“This requires patience and no matter how talented you are, you won’t master swimming within aweek. Regardless of your swimming proficiency (熟练), you will always have something to learn. This makes
swimming amazing yet disappointing. There is always the next step, just like in life. (这需要耐心，无论你多么有
天赋，你都不可能在一周内掌握游泳。不管你的游泳水平如何，你总有东西要学。这使得游泳既神奇又令
人失望。就像在生活中一样，总会有下一步。)”可知，游泳需要耐心，总有东西要学，本空应继续讨论在
游泳中要学会的耐心技能，E选项“It teaches you to be mindful of the process and not to rush things. (它教会
你关注过程，不要急于求成。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。
8．由上文“You learn how to deal with failure and setbacks. It’s not always going to be fair. And things won’t
always go our way. There will be times when no matter how hard we work, the results don’t match our effort in
practice. These moments hurt, and they make you realise you are not as good as you think you are. (你学会了如何
处理失败和挫折。这并不总是公平的。事情并不总是如我们所愿。有时候，无论我们多么努力，结果与我
们在实践中的努力并不匹配。这些时刻让人心痛，它们让你意识到你并没有自己想象的那么好。要克服。
要谦虚。)”可知，本空谈论游泳带来的精神层面的好处，而D选项“But they also teach you how to be
mentally tough. (但它们也教会你如何在精神上变得坚韧。)”能承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
9．由下文“Ever wonder why so many swimmers seem to have superhuman speed when it comes to relay legs?
I’ve seen it so many times, from my own swimming, dropping nearly a second on my best time in the 50 m
freestyle, to Jason Lezak and his otherworldly 46.0 at the Beijing Olympics—there is something that happens when
you race for something besides just yourself. (有没有想过为什么那么多游泳运动员在接力赛中似乎有超人的
速度？从我自己在50米自由泳的最佳成绩上落后近一秒，到Jason Lezak在北京奥运会上超凡脱俗的46秒，
我已经见过很多次了——当你为别的东西而比赛时，会发生一些事情，而不仅仅是你自己。)”可知，本段
主要讨论了接力赛中游泳者展现出超乎寻常的速度，以及团队合作对于提升表现的重要性，A选项“Being
a team makes everyone better. (作为一个团队使每个人都变得更好。)”能概括本段主旨，作为小标题最恰当。
故选A。
10．由上文“Losing is as important as winning. Winning is great while losing is terrible. We can agree to that. (输
和赢一样重要。赢是伟大的，输是可怕的。我们可以同意。)”和下文“You will lose many times during your
swimming career, but being able to lean across the lane line and shake the winner’s hand means that you conquered
(战胜) yourself. Similarly, being a champion is more than just being the first swimmer to the wall—it’s being
humble in victory, and setting an example for those to come. (在你的游泳生涯中，你会输很多次，但是能够越
过泳道线和胜利者握手意味着你战胜了自己。同样，成为一名冠军也不仅仅是成为第一个到达终点的游泳
运动员，而是在胜利时保持谦逊，为后来者树立榜样。)”可知，上文提到胜利固然美妙，失败则令人沮丧，
而下文紧接着说在游泳生涯中你会多次失败，但能从失败中站起来才是关键，说明如何对待胜负很重要。
F选项“But I believe that how we do both matters more than the outcome. (但我认为我们如何应对这两者比结
果更重要)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
Passage 8
（2024·湖南衡阳·模拟预测）In a joint effort to enhance public awareness about stroke symptoms and
timely action, health experts have recently illustrated the critical importance of early recognition and immediate
response to stroke signs. Among the experts, Dr. Sonia Lal Gupta and Dr. Vipul Gupta highlighted the FAST
method as a guide for identifying stroke symptoms quickly. 1 .Understanding Stroke and the FAST Method
Strokes can strike suddenly. They will lead to devastating neurological damage if not addressed promptly.
Dr. Sonia Lal Gupta stresses the suddenness of stroke symptoms. 2 . The FAST stands for Face
drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, and Time to call emergency services. Recognizing these signs can be
the difference between life and death.
3
While some stroke risk factors, such as age and family history, are beyond individual control, Dr. Vipul
Gupta points out that lifestyle choices play a significant role in stroke prevention. High blood pressure, smoking,
and obesity are among the modifiable (可改变的) risk factors. 4 . Adopting a healthy lifestyle can also
largely decrease the likelihood of experiencing a stroke.
Immediate Actions and Treatment
5 . Dr. Vipul Gupta emphasizes the importance of acting swiftly, even if symptoms appear to
recede (逐渐减弱). Early medical intervention can lead to better outcomes and potentially save lives. While
awaiting medical help, keeping the stroke victim calm, comfortable, and still is advised. Depending on the type of
stroke, treatment options may vary.
A．Controllable Factors and Habits
B．Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies
C．Doing regular check-ups is essential for avoiding diseases
D．Individuals can address those factors to lower their stroke risk
E．They emphasized the significance of timely medical intervention
F．Upon recognizing the signs of a stroke, the immediate step is to call emergency services
G．The symptoms can include facial drooping, arm weakness, speech difficulties, and so on
【答案】1．E 2．G 3．B 4．D 5．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中风（stroke）的症状、重要性及预防措施，并强调了对中风早期识
别与及时反应的重要性。
1．根据空格前容“Among the experts, Dr. Sonia Lal Gupta and Dr. Vipul Gupta highlighted the FAST method as
a guide for identifying stroke symptoms quickly.(在专家中，Sonia Lal Gupta医生和Vipul Gupta医生强调FAST
方法可作为快速识别中风症状的指南)”提到FAST方法可以用于快速识别中风症状。空格后介绍了什么是
中风和FAST方法。E选项“他们强调了及时医疗干预的重要性”与上下文的主题——快速识别和及时反
应——相呼应，故选E。
2．空格前“Dr. Sonia Lal Gupta stresses the suddenness of stroke symptoms.(Sonia Lal Gupta医生强调中风症
状的突发性)”提到Sonia Lal Gupta医生强调中风症状的突发性，下文“The FAST stands for Face drooping,
Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, and Time to call emergency services.(FAST代表脸下垂、手臂无力、言语困难
和呼叫紧急服务的时间)”是FAST方法的介绍，所以此空是在进一步解释中风症状有哪些。G选项“症状
包括面部下垂、手臂无力、言语困难等”直接列举了FAST中的症状，与“the FAST stands for...”的内容对应，故选G。
3．此空为小标题，起到总结段落主旨的作用，空格下的段落“While some stroke risk factors, such as age
and family history, are beyond individual control, Dr. Vipul Gupta points out that lifestyle choices play a significant
role in stroke prevention. High blood pressure, smoking, and obesity are among the modifiable (可改变的) risk
factors.(Vipul Gupta医生指出，虽然有些中风风险因素，如年龄和家族史，是个人无法控制的，但生活方式
的选择在中风预防中起着重要作用。高血压、吸烟和肥胖都是可改变的危险因素)”讨论了除了年龄和家族
史这些不可控因素外，生活方式的改变对预防中风有很大的影响，即主要是关于风险因素以及一些预防中
风的策略，B选项“风险因素和预防策略”符合语境，故选B。
4．空格前“High blood pressure, smoking, and obesity are among the modifiable (可改变的) risk factors.(高血压、
吸烟和肥胖都是可改变的危险因素)”提到可改变的（modifiable）中风风险因素，如高血压、吸烟和肥胖。
D选项“个人可以解决这些问题以降低他们的中风风险”直接回应了前文提到的可控制因素，强调可通过
个人努力减少中风风险，符合上文的论述，故选D。
5．由空格前的段落小标题“Immediate Actions and Treatment(及时行动和治疗)”及空格后“Dr. Vipul Gupta
emphasizes the importance of acting swiftly(Vipul Gupta医生强调了迅速采取行动的重要性)”可知，此空应该
也是关于迅速采取行动的，F选项“一旦意识到中风的迹象，立即采取的步骤是呼叫急救服务”承前启后，
也与文章的主旨——提倡及时应对中风——相契合，故选F。
Passage 9
（2024·山西运城·二模）Living in a city, you often see a group of runners emerge around a corner. They
laugh and chat together as their running shoes rhythmically touch the pavement. 6 . Joining such a group
club is great for runners. Here are some reasons to inspire you to become a member of it.
Get more motivation
When you run alone, it is harder to get out of the door and onto the pavement. There is often a convincing
inner voice that whispers to you to simply stay at home! 7 . Your running friends will be looking forward to
seeing you and will miss you if you do not show up.
Become a better runner
8 . Most clubs have coaches or trainers. Trainers can assist you in setting a pace and establishing
realistic and achievable goals, and train you to be the best runner you can be. A coach will develop variety in
running routes and content, making the whole workout so enjoyable that you may perform better without even
realizing how much distance you covered.
9
When you are part of a club, you can make friends with those sharing the same passion. According to a
fitness magazine, runners are known to be a friendly bunch! This offers a sense of belonging, and after a while,
these new partners feel like a warm family and can become lifelong friends.
Feel safe
Most runners choose to run in fall or winter and this may mean going out on a dark evening. When running
alone, it is harder to see the road and you may easily trip or fall due to the darkness. When in a group, you will be
reminded of possible dangers and if there is an accident, people are there to help you. 10 .
A．Develop friendshipB．Become more friendly
C．These runners are often part of a running club
D．This can definitely give you a sense of security
E．When running in a group, you may hit your personal goals more quickly
F．However, being part of a group pushes you to participate in a running event
G．You get encouragement and protection from this group of runners that passed by
【答案】6．C 7．F 8．E 9．A 10．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加入跑步俱乐部的几个好处。
6．根据空前“Living in a city, you often see a group of runners emerge around a corner. They laugh and chat
together as their running shoes rhythmically touch the pavement. (生活在城市中，你经常看到一群跑步者从一
个角落出现。他们边跑边笑，边聊天，他们的跑鞋有节奏地触碰着人行道。)”及空后“Joining such a group
club is great for runners. (加入这样的跑步团体对跑步者来说非常棒。)”可知，C项“这些跑步者通常是跑步
俱乐部的成员”符合，起承前启后的作用。干扰项G项中的 this group of runners看似与空前的内容相关，
但G项中的 protection与空前内容无关，可排除。故选C项。
7．上文提到“When you run alone, it is harder to get out of the door and onto the pavement. (当你独自一人跑步
时，更难走出家门，踏上人行道。)”可知，空前主要介绍一个人跑步会有很多阻碍，故该空应该是一个转
折，该空应该谈及加入跑步俱乐部的益处，故F项“然而，成为跑步团体的一员会督促你参加跑步活动”
符合。该空后也进一步介绍为什么身为团体的一员会有参加跑步活动的动力。故选F项。
8．根据本段的小标题Become a better runner及空后“Trainers can assist you in setting a pace and establishing
realistic and achievable goals, and train you to be the best runner you can be. A coach will develop variety in
running routes and content, making the whole workout so enjoyable that you may perform better without even
realizing how much distance you covered. (教练可以帮助你设定节奏，确立现实和可达成的目标，并训练你
成为最好的跑者。教练会开发多样化的跑步路线和内容，使得整个锻炼过程如此愉快，以至于你可能会在
不知不觉中表现得更好，甚至没有意识到自己跑了多少距离。)”可知，E项“在跟团跑步时，你可能会更
快地完成你的个人目标”符合。故选E项。
9．根据本段的关键信息“When you are part of a club, you can make friends with those sharing the same
passion. According to a fitness magazine, runners are known to be a friendly bunch! This offers a sense of
belonging, and after a while, these new partners feel like a warm family and can become lifelong friends. (当你成
为俱乐部的一部分时，你可以与那些分享同样热情的人交朋友。根据一家健身杂志的说法，跑步者被认为
是一个友好的群体！这提供了一种归属感，过一段时间后，这些新伙伴感觉就像一个温暖的家庭，可以成
为终身的朋友。)”可知，A项“建立友谊”适合作本段的小标题。“友好”只是本段的一个小信息点，故
干扰项B项可排除。故选A项。
10．根据本段的小标题 Feel safe 及空前“When in a group, you will be reminded of possible dangers and if
there is an accident, people are there to help you. (当在一个团队中时，你会被提醒可能存在的危险，如果发生
事故，会有人在那里帮助你。)”可知，D项“这绝对可以给你一种安全感”符合。D项中的 This指代空前的一整句话。故选D项。
Passage 10
（2024·安徽合肥·模拟预测）When faced with a big challenge, maybe you’ve heard this advice before:
“Be more confident.” 6 Take the belief that you are valuable, worthwhile and capable, add in the optimism
that comes when you are certain of your abilities, and then act courageously to face a challenge head-on. This is
confidence.
Then where does confidence come from? There are several factors that affect confidence. Firstly, what
you’re born with, such as your genes. Secondly, how you’re treated. 7 And lastly, the part you have control
over, the choices you make, the risks you take, and how you think about and respond to challenges and setbacks.
And, by keeping in mind a few practical tips, we do actually have the power to cultivate our own confidence.
● Find a quick fix. 8 Picture your success when you’re beginning a difficult task. Do something as
simple as listening to music with deep bass. You can even strike a powerful pose or give yourself a pep talk (鼓舞
士气的话).
● 9 If you’re looking for a long-term change, consider the way you think about your abilities and
talents. If you think they are fixed at birth, you might give up, assuming you’ve discovered something you’re not
very good at. But if you have a growth mindset and think your abilities can improve, a challenge is an opportunity
to learn and grow.
● Practice failure. Face it. You’re going to fail sometimes. Studies show that those who fail regularly and
keep trying anyway are better equipped to respond to challenges and setbacks in a constructive way. 1 0 .
A．Promote feelings of power.
B．But what is confidence?
C．But how can we become confident?
D．Believe in your ability to improve.
E．This includes the social pressures of your environment.
F．They learn how to try different strategies, ask others for advice, and carry on.
G．There are a few tricks that can give you an immediate confidence boost in the short term.
【答案】6．B 7．E 8．G 9．D 10．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了当面对挑战和挫折时，我们可以通过三个实用技巧来增强自信。
6．根据上文“When faced with a big challenge, maybe you’ve heard this advice before: “Be more confident.”(面
对巨大的挑战时，也许你以前听过这样的建议:“要更自信。”)”以及后文“Take the belief that you are
valuable, worthwhile and capable, add in the optimism that comes when you are certain of your abilities, and then
act courageously to face a challenge head-on. This is confidence.(相信自己是有价值的，有价值的，有能力的，
当你确信自己的能力时，再加上乐观主义，然后勇敢地面对挑战。这就是自信)”可知，本句与上文构成转
折，针对自信提出设问，后文给出回答。故B选项“但是什么是信心？”符合语境，故选B。
7．根据上文“Then where does confidence come from? There are several factors that affect confidence. Firstly,
what you’re born with, such as your genes. Secondly, how you’re treated.(那么，信心从何而来？有几个因素会影响信心。首先，你与生俱来的东西，比如你的基因。其次，别人如何对待你)”可知，本句针对上文“别
人如何对待你”展开说明，故E选项“这包括你所处环境的社会压力”符合语境，故选E。
8．根据后文“Picture your success when you’re beginning a difficult task. Do something as simple as listening to
music with deep bass. You can even strike a powerful pose or give yourself a pep talk (鼓舞士气的话).(当你开始
一项困难的任务时，想象一下你的成功。做一些简单的事情，比如听低音音乐。你甚至可以摆出一个有力
的姿势，或者给自己打气)”可知，后文主要给出了一些提升自信的建议。故G选项“这里有一些小技巧可
以让你在短期内迅速提升自信”符合语境，故选G。
9．根据后文“If you’re looking for a long-term change, consider the way you think about your abilities and
talents. If you think they are fixed at birth, you might give up, assuming you’ve discovered something you’re not
very good at. But if you have a growth mindset and think your abilities can improve, a challenge is an opportunity
to learn and grow.(如果你正在寻找一个长期的改变，考虑一下你对自己的能力和天赋的看法。如果你认为
他们在出生时就固定了，你可能会放弃，假设你发现了一些你不太擅长的东西。但如果你有一个成长的心
态，认为你的能力可以提高，挑战是一个学习和成长的机会)”可知，本段的主旨是相信自己能力可以提高，
D选项ability to improve对应后文think your abilities can improve。故D选项“相信自己有能力进步”符合
语境，故选D。
10．根据上文“Practice failure. Face it. You’re going to fail sometimes. Studies show that those who fail
regularly and keep trying anyway are better equipped to respond to challenges and setbacks in a constructive way.
(实践的失败。面对它。你有时会失败。研究表明，那些经常失败但仍在努力的人更有能力以建设性的方式
应对挑战和挫折)”可知，本句总结上文经常失败但仍在努力的人的特点。故F选项“他们学习如何尝试不
同的策略，向别人征求意见，并坚持下去”符合语境，故选F。
2024年
Passage 1
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a
perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does
not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my
laptop's spellchecker. ____37____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but
I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise
Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
____38____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words
whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in abookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000
words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____39____ However, if I need to check the origin of a
word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better.
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the
English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one
definition of "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding
experience.
A. I don't often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don't want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
【答案】36. F 37. B 38. E 39. A 40. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。
【36题详解】
上文“If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(如果你想发
表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语
法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.(这意味
着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。
【37题详解】
上文“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑
的拼写检查器;下文“Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-
fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词
典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体
书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes no account of the
context.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。
【38题详解】
下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose
meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.(它应该给出每个单
词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到
了字典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”
提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。
【39题详解】
下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.
(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情况，A选项“I don’t often use this dictionary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下
文构成转折关系。故选A项。
【40题详解】
上文“ “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work, ” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of ”dull".(约翰逊
在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，
下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间
浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“But a dictionary can be a
pleasure to read.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，
与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。
Passage 2
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help?
Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and
communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___16___
Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making
wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online
posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape,
culture or food deeply draws you. ___17___
●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though
overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of
extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___18___ Why not try a
regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?
● ___19___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll
compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy
when tourism is traditionally slower.
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination
special in the first place. ___20___ You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling?
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then?
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. E 19. A 20. G
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了如何避免“过度旅游”的现象。
【16题详解】
前文“Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies andcommunities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.(旅游促进
理解，扩展我们的思想，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区，但旅游业的快速发展导致了某些地
区和目的地的过度旅游)”表明旅游带来了一些问题，后文“The loss of what travel offers would be
unacceptable in today’s world.(在当今世界，失去旅行所能提供的东西将是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行，
结合后文“Certainly not.(当然不)”可知，空处提问能否停止旅行，D选项“那么，我们应该停止旅行
吗？”符合语境。故选B。
【17题详解】
前文“Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the
same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food
deeply draws you.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多关于同一个地方的帖子，很
容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方)”表明不要跟风旅游，C
选项“为你而不是其他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时的感受，忠实自己的感受，不用管其余的建议，
符合语境。故选C。
【18题详解】
前文“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.(这意味着你有很多不太受欢迎的选择)
及后文“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?( 为什么不尝
试一个地区性的选择，或者看看一个热门目的地不太为人所知的景点呢)”提出建议，可以选择一些冷门的
景点，E选项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方”语境一致。故选E。
【19题详解】
空处为小标题，根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.
(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的
时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容。故选A。
【20题详解】
前文“Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.(尽你的一份力，从一开始就保
护一个目的地的特别之处)”表明旅游时应保护旅游景点，后文“You may be amazed how much closer you’ll
feel to the people there.(你可能会惊讶地发现你和那里的人感觉如此亲近)”表示这样做的感受，G选项“考虑
回馈你所访问的社区”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。
Passage 3
【2024全国甲卷】What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body
needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. ____16____ But it doesn't mean saying
goodbye to the foods you love.
Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just
something to eat in between meetings. ____17____ It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body
that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.
Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to
mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if
you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. ____18____Control emotional (情绪的) eating. ____19____ Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant
emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can
regain control over the food you eat and your feelings.
____20____ A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals
keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until
breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive
system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.
.
A Eat properly throughout the day.
B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work.
D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.
F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.
G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
【答案】16. F 17. C 18. E 19. B 20. A
【解析】
【16题详解】
上文“Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs, You should feel satisfied at the end of a
meal, but not too full. (基本上，它意味着只吃你身体需要的食物，你应该在用餐结束时感到满足，但不要太
饱)”指出，进餐时不要吃太饱，吃东西要适量。下文“But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you
love. (但这并不意味着要告别你喜欢的食物)”指出，适量进食不是要放弃吃自己喜欢的食物。F项“对我们
许多人来说，节制意味着比现在少吃。”解释了何为适量进食。承上启下，符合文意，选项中的“means”
与下文一致。故选F项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Take your time. It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than
just something to eat in between meetings. (慢慢来。放慢脚步，把食物看作是有营养的东西，而不仅仅是会
议间隙吃的东西，这一点很重要)”可推知，本段主要建议读者吃东西要细嚼慢咽，不要过于急躁。C项
“上班路上不要狼吞虎咽。”承接上文。符合文意。故选C项。
【18题详解】
上文“It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. (如果你
已经准备好了不健康的零食，比如饼干，那么适量食用就更具挑战性了。)”指出，吃不健康的食物不利于
适度饮食，E项“相反，你应该选择健康的食物。”符合文意，建议读者选择健康的食物。选项中的
“healthy”与上文中的“unhealthy”相对应。故选E项。
【19题详解】
根据本段首句“Control emotional (情绪的) eating. (控制情绪化进食)”以及下文“Many of us also turn to food
to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom.(我们中的许多人也会求助于食物来处
理不愉快的情绪，如悲伤、孤独或无聊)”可推知，本段主要建议读者不要情绪化的进行暴饮暴食，要进行健康饮食。B项“我们吃东西并不总是为了充饥。”指出有些人吃东西并不总是为了充饥，引出下文有些
人通过食物发泄情绪，符合语境。故选B项。
【20题详解】
设空处位于段首，总结全段，下文“A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating
small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day, Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14
— 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. (健康的早餐可以启动你的新陈代谢，而吃少量健康的食物可以
让你一整天都精力充沛，避免在深夜进食。尽量早点吃晚饭，禁食14 — 16个小时，直到第二天早上吃早
餐。)”指出，我们在一天中的每个时间段都要健康饮食。A项“一整天都要适当饮食。”符合语境。故选
A项。
Passage 4
【2024北京卷】If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or
a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things.
Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. ___35___ And
they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that
lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at.
___36___ The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies.
___37___ Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make
predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but
that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions.
The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of
sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. ___38___ They try to include it in their
viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and
don’t know.
So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. ___39___ The choice between
being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare
mixture known as foxy hedgehog.
A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each.
B. They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes.
C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence.
D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing.
E. However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs.
F. When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional.
G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position.
【答案】35. G 36. C 37. D 38. F 39. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了拥有“刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式的两类人对于个
人和企业建立信誉度的优劣势。
【35题详解】根据上文“Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes.(拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案)” 可
知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案，G项中They 指代上文中的Hedgehog，G项
“他们明确地站在一边或另一边，并全力支持自己的立场”说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人往往有明确
的立场，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。
【36题详解】
根据上文“They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. (他们专注于一件
事并把它做得很好。他们知道自己擅长什么)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备优点，他们可以专
注于一件事并知道自己擅长什么。C项“因此，他们的优势是（头脑）清楚和自信”进一步说明拥有“刺
猬”型思维方式的人的优点，承接上文，符合语境。故选C。
【37题详解】
根据下文“He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to
recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. (他发现，拥有“刺猬”型思
维方式的人不仅比拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人更容易出错，而且当事情与他们的预测不相符时他们不太
可能意识到，也不太可能承认自己错了)”可知，此处介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的缺点。D项“但
是，把注意力集中在一件大事上可能会有不利的一面” 引出下文，介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具
备缺点，符合语境。故选D。
【38题详解】
根据上文“The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader
range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. (“狐狸”型思维方式的人的优势在
于，他们更有可能从更广泛的来源中寻找新信息，并且对不确定性和新信息感到舒适)”和下文“They try to
include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. (他们试图将其纳入自己的观点，而不
是将其排除在自己的思维之外)”可知，此处介绍拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人处理事情的方式。F项“当
某件事与他们的观点相矛盾时，他们不会把它当作例外”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
【39题详解】
根据上文“The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. (这个问题可以用“像狐狸的刺猬”风格来
回答)”和下文“The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. (成为拥有“刺猬”型思维方
式的人还是拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人的选择是一种错误的权衡)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人
和拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人各有优势。A项“换句话说，两者都有其明显的优势”承上启下，符合语
境。故选A。
Passage 4
【2024浙江1月卷】In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and
college experience. ___16___ But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is
right for you? ___17___
We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage
of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. ___18___ “I think a point that many people lose
sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to
study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keepyou going.
The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you
would do with in person courses. ___19___ He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It
is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch
your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
___20___ A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this
problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate
each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or
schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts.
A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B. Your motivation should be your main concern.
C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education?
D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade?
G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
【答案】16. G 17. F 18. A 19. D 20. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在线学习的注意事项。
【16题详解】
由上文“In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college
experience. (在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学生活的重要组成部分)”可知，在线学习对大学生活很
重要，本空要说跟“这种现象的具体表现”有关的话题，故G选项“A survey found that 29 percent of
college students registered for online courses. (一项调查发现，29%的大学生注册了在线课程。)”能承接上文，
符合题意。故选G。
【17题详解】
由上文“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (但是所有的在线课程
都是平等的吗？你如何确定数字化学习适合你？)”可知，上文对在线课程提出疑问，本空可以继续提出疑
问，故F选项“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (如果你参加了在
线课程，你能做些什么来确保尽可能好的成绩？)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。
【18题详解】
由上文“The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. (在线学习最
明显的优势是你可以随时随地学习)”可知，在线学习具备的优势是可以让你随时随地学习，本空要说跟
“学习时间”有关的话题，故A选项“But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. (但这并不意味着没有最
后期限。)”与上文构成转折关系，that指代上一句话，符合题意。故选A。
【19题详解】
由下文“He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. (他指出，他的在线学生最终的成绩通常较低)”可知，本空要说跟“在线老师”有关的话题，故D选项“Professor Alex Davidson teaches the
same course in person and online. (Alex Davidson教授亲自授课和在线授课)”能引起下文，下文中的He指代
D项中的“Alex Davidson教授”，符合题意。故选D。
【20题详解】
由下文“A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem.
Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other
to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-
person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts. (社会关系通常是学习的重要组成部分。你可
以做一些事情来缓解这个问题。本科生杰西卡·平克建议和朋友一起参加在线课程，这样你们就可以互相激
励，坚持下去。你也可以在课堂讨论板上找到学生，组织一个学习小组，或者安排与教授面对面的会议，
讨论课程概念)”可知，本空要说跟“人们之间的互动”有关的话题，故E选项“The chief complain t about
online courses is that they lack human interaction. (对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动。)”能
引起下文，符合题意。故选E。
2023年
Passage 1
【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is
human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring?
Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your
personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve
done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing
without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange
thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t
wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The
thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to
develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. F 19. C 20. G
【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强
自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。
【16题详解】
根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err
(犯错) is human.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过。)”可知，作者认为人
都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following
writing exercise to help you do this.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。)”中的“do this”以
及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项 D“It’s just as important to show yourself
some forgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要。)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ”(在日记或纸上写上
“个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around?
They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.(你有爱心吗？有创造
力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感
到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics
you like about yourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那
些是优点。故选B。
【18题详解】
根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive
things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did
the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.(在第二页的顶部，
写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作
业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。)”可知，
本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项 F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write
it down.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来。)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做
的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。
【19题详解】
根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of
your personality that shine through.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以
及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。
选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，
C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.(你可以让朋友或
家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact,
don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.(事实上，
不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据空前内容“It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their
mistakes. The thing is, it’s true.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥
调。但事实是，这是真的。)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项 G“Whatever the mistake,
remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一
面。)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and
learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种
积极的发展和成长的方式。)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。
故选G。
Passage 2
【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious
followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what
it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration
and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ___16___ You’ll want to look back on your
journey to see how far you’ve come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether
you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___17___
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___18___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful.
Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a
painting every day for a month and post the works online.
·___19___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social
media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my
level of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. ___20___ Push through, give it time and put in the effort.
You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
.
A Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. A 19. D 20. E
【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provideinspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. (从小开始。我建议使用一个素描本
进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板)”以及后
文“You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. (你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅，
看看自己已经取得多少进步)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习
和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Don’t throw away your beginner art. (不要扔掉你的初学时的艺
术作品)”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。故选C项。
【17题详解】
分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段的总结，根据前文“Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to
improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as
much as possible. (经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是
绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，
所以G项“You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. (你会逐渐形成只有通
过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)”是对前文的总结。故选G项。
【18题详解】
分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文
“Continually challenge yourself to try something new. (不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artistic
growth can be a bit painful. (艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Get out of your comfort zone. (走出你
的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选A项。
【19题详解】
分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is
crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me
feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. (寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常
重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让
我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Share your work if you
feel comfortable doing so. (如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D项。
【20题详解】
分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The
journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push through,
give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. (坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。
你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到
障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。
Passage 3
【2023年全国乙卷】Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they
are the unsung heroes of the home. ____16____, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing
by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to
look after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants?Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these
species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. ____17____.
Why are indoor plants good for you?
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “____18____. I find during the winter months,
plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants
can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around
them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or
cooking. ____19____.
Which plants can you grow?
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy
plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and
you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “____20____,” Spoelstra says.
“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
【答案】16. B 17. D 18. C 19. E 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。
【16题详解】
根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情),
reducing stress and helping their memory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆
力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由
此可知，B. Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the
winter.(这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的
环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer(相
反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据下文“I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.(我发现在冬天的几
个月里，房子周围的植物真的能提升你的情绪)”可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C. There are
many benefits to growing plants indoors(在室内种植植物有很多好处)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。
【19题详解】根据上文“There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful
gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.(也有研究表明，
盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。它们还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化
学物质)”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are
among the best(像和平百合和魔芋之类的植物是最好的)能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做的最好的植物，
符合语境。故选E。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature-
which is part of the joy of owning plants.(年轻的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它们成熟时照顾
它们——这是拥有植物的乐趣之一)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G. Learning about the
requirements of each plant can be very rewarding(了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的)能够承接上文，同时引
起下文，下文“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home
and nature.”(它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。)”具体介
绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。故选G。
Passage 4
【2023年全国甲卷】Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There
is one answer. ___16___.
In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However,
research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.
___17___. “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
● Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research
suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit
of waiting is to practice. ___18___. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra
minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply
it to other, more annoying situations.
● ___19___.
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we
experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to
say to yourself, “___20___.” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patienceF. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
【答案】16. G 17. E 18. B 19. C 20. F
【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐心的一些方法。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common?
There’s one answer. (这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一
个)”可知，本句说明上文谜语的答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。
故G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more
optimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观)”以及后文
““Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. (加州大学
的研究员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”)”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句
继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选项
“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。
【18题详解】
根据上文“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. (我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法
就是练习)”以及后文“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before
going for that cake. (把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列举的
事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境，故选B。
【19题详解】
根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when
we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. (我们中的许多人
都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知，
本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适
相关，C选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。
【20题详解】
根据上文“You should learn to say to yourself (你应该学会对自己说……)”以及后文“You’ll then gradually
become more patient. (然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心)”结合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，本句为
对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关，故F选项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境，故选F。
Passage 5
【2023年北京卷】It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families
as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a
decision. ____35____
When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not
counted in rankings. ____36____Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching
than courses in higher-ranked universities. ____37____ The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is
surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most
important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.
Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education.
Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.
____38____ Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the
result？ Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.
____39____ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with
more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank
schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.
What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-
quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.
A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.
C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.
【答案】35. D 36. F 37. G 38. B 39. C
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。
【35题详解】
根据空前内容“It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they
make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.(对
于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻， 因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家
庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于
排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on
average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大
学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出
现的问题。选项D“However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一
个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名
中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。
【36题详解】
根据空前内容“When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching
excellence is not counted in rankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶
地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人
们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“more
surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。
【37题详解】
空前内容“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on
teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平
均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings
is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most
important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中
没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑
到教学。选项G“In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.(事实上，大学
经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。
【38题详解】
根据空前内容“Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher
education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.
(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学
率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项
B“Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内
容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘
和晋升中不受重视。故选B。
【39题详解】
根据下文内容“Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with
more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank
schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教
学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名
组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，作者认为想要强调教学质量
还需要更多努力。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项 C“Quality
teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.(高质量的教学一直是建立声誉的重要因素。)”强调
了高质量教学的重要性，而下文则话题一转，指出了高质量教学的难处。故选C。
Passage6
【2023年浙江1月卷】With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not
book your next domestic vacation on a train? Compared to other alternatives, it’s comfortable and relaxing. Here is
some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible.
Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.
36 But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all
the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you
discounted tickets. 37 Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times aday for your meals.
Bring a blanket. When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your
trip is an overnight one. 38 In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold.
Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can
be a disaster. 39 Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times.
Have fun. 40 Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside
the window. To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of
seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts). If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel
one mile, you’re going 67.92 mph.
A．Train trips aren’t for impatient types.
B．You’ll have views from both sides of the train.
C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
D．That’s particularly true during busy summer months.
E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner.
【答案】36．D 37．G 38．C 39．E 40．A
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述一些关于如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议。
36．根据上文“Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very
quickly.(提前计划。大多数长途火车，尤其是卧铺，很快就卖光了。)”以及下文“But no matter when you
travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. (但无论你什么时候去旅行，最好至
少提前90天预订。)”可知，大多数长途火车的卧铺很容易被定完，所以要提前安排预定，D项“在繁忙的
夏季尤其如此。”符合语境，D项中“busy summer months”与前后文呼应，说明忙碌的夏季尤其需要提前
计划。故选D项。
37．根据上文“A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. (一个好的旅行社有时可以帮你找到打
折的票。)”以及下文“Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for
your meals. (这样你就不必为了吃饭而每天三次在行驶的火车上穿过几节车厢了。)”可知，好的旅行社帮你
预定，不仅可以找到打折的票，还可以节省从卧铺到餐车的距离，G项中“book you in a sleeping car that’s
right next to the diner”与前后文对应，因此推断G项“他可能还会给你预订餐厅旁边的卧铺车厢。”符合语
境。故选G项。
38．根据上文“When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an
overnight one.(当你乘坐火车时，你不会免费获得一条毯子，即使你的旅行是过夜的。)”以及下文“In the
summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold. (特别是在夏天，空调会让他们很冷。)”可
知，这里提到了车厢内温度的问题，提醒乘客最好自备毛毯，C项中“The temperature on rail cars”与前后
文对应，因此推断C项“列车上的温度通常很难控制。”符合语境。故选C项。
39．根据上文“Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can bea disaster.(大多数火车每天只开一趟，有些火车一周只开三趟，所以错过你的火车可能是一场灾难。)”以及
下文“Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times. (注意:时刻表上列出的时间
是出发时间，不是到达时间。)”可知，本段提醒要提前安排时间，错过时间是很麻烦的事情，E项中“You
might have to wait longer”与前后文对应，说明错过火车导致的结果，因此推断E项“你可能要等上超过24
小时才能赶上下一班。”符合语境。故选E项。
40．根据上文“Have fun.(玩得开心)”以及下文“To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of
seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two
mileposts).”(要计算你的速度，用3600(一小时的秒数)除以你走一英里(两个里程碑之间的距离)所花费的秒
数。)”可知，本段讲述如何度过乘车时间，A项中讲到火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人与后文要计算时间，
用不同的方式打发时间对应，符合语境。故选A项。
2022年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2022年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your
Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ”
while another read: “___16___” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle
(微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___17___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to
move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a
useful response. ___18___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training
she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It
also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___19___
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___20___ Over time, both of you will benefit —
your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your
relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. B 19. G 20. F
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。【16题详解】
根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partne.” One
reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,”(《健身杂志》最近刊
登了一篇题为《感谢健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就
会去锻炼。”)”可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。所以选择项C“You'll work harder if you
train with someone else.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
【17题详解】
根据前文“First of all, decide what you want from that person. (首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么。)”和
后文“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility?(或者你只是想要身体
健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性?)”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以选择项
D“Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? (你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员
吗?)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but probably won't result in a
useful response. (你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应。)”和后文
“If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那
个人一定是同一个健身房的。)”可知，寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。所以选择项B“A workout
partner usually needs to live close by. (锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
【19题详解】
根据前文“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of
training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and
her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. (我的搭档把她的要求贴在
了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，
以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码。)”可知，本段作者以自己的
锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选择项G“Any notice for a training partner
should include such information. (任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
【20题详解】
根据前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills. (你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能。)”和后
文“Over time, both of you will benefit -- your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more
physically fit.(久而久之，你们双方都会受益——你的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。)”可知，
要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。所以选择项F“Just accept your differences and learn to work with
each other. (接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
Passage2
【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process
can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
___16___ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write
nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ___17___ Don’tworry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a
good store of ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. ___18___ Yet, by
learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄
皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete
highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision.
___19___ As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing
revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can
enter your changes into your word processor. ___20___ The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C. The second draft of the essay should be better.
D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
.
【答案】16 D 17. B 18. E 19. F 20. G
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是写文章的技巧。
【16题详解】
空格处是本段的主题句，由空后的“When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to
your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. (当你第一次想写
一篇文章的时候，把笔放在纸上，不间断地写10到15分钟，不要让笔离开纸。)”可知，本段主要讲的是
要学会不间断地写，D选项“First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. (首先，学习不间断写作的技
巧。)”概括了本段的主要内容，可作为主题句，故选D。
【17题详解】
空前说“Stay loose and free. (保持宽松和自由。)”，空后说“Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. (不要担
心语法和拼写。)”，因此空格处应说按心里想的写，自由发挥，B选项“Let your pen follow the waves of
thought. (让你的笔跟随思想的波浪。)”说明了按自己的思路和想法来写，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选
B。
【18题详解】
空前说“The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. (下一个技巧是快
速写草稿，不要担心是否完美。)”，空后说“Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself
headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. (然而，通过学习与不完美共存，你将避免自
己的头痛和一个装满皱巴巴的废纸篓。)”，E选项“Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
(太多的作家试图在第一次就把草稿写好。)”中的“get their drafts”和上文的“write your draft”相呼应，说明
了有很多人想一次就写好，这是不合理的，要学会允许不完美的存在，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
【19题详解】
空前说“The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision.
(第三种方法是打印出三倍行距的副本，以便有修改的空间。)”，F选项“Many beginning writers don’t leave
enough space to revise. (许多初来乍到的作者没有留出足够的修改空间。)”中的“revise”和前面的“revision”
一致，指出了新手作者的常见做法，且其中的“Many beginning writers”和后文的“these writers”相互呼应，
因此F选项承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
【20题详解】
空前说“After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes
into your word processor. (当你修改你的草稿，直到它太乱以至于无法继续工作，你可以把你的修改输入到
你的文字处理器中。)”，空后说“The resulting blank space invites you to revise. (由此产生的空白允许您修
改。)”，因此空格处应说输入到文字处理器后应该做什么，G选项“Then you can print out a fresh draft,
again setting your text on triple-space. (然后你可以打印一份新的草稿，同样将文本设置为三倍行距。)”说的
是输入到你的文字处理器后的做法，其中的“triple-space”和后文的“The resulting blank space”相呼应，因
此G选项承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
Passage3
【2022年全国乙卷】Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to
sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one
another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___16___.
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted
and what method works best for you both. ___17___. There are alternatives to constant written communication,
such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy (共情)
___18___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the
friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel
abandoned.
· ___19___
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might
make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that
keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone
___20___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.
Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever
possible.A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
.
【答案】16 D 17. B 18. G 19. A 20. F
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。
【16题详解】
上文“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”（平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电
话。）讲的是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并
坚持下去” 给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合题意。故选D项。
【17题详解】
上文“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be
contacted and what method works best for you both.”（确保你已经与你的朋友沟通过，了解你们彼此希望联
系的次数，以及哪种沟通方式最适合你们两人。）提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式，B项“可以通过写
信补偿”提出了其中一种沟通方式：写信，下文“There are alternatives to constant written communication,
such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.”（除了不断的文字交流，还有其他方式，比如发语音
或者组建群聊。）补充了发语音等其他沟通方式，其中“constant written communication”呼应了B项的
“writing letters”。故选B项。
【18题详解】
下文“The friend who is remaining”（留下来的朋友）和“The one in the new environment”（在新环境中的
那个）提到朋友的两个不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出
了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left”和“the one who was left behind”
分别对应下文“The one in the new environment”和“The friend who is remaining”，所以G项符合题意。
故选G项。
【19题详解】
分析文章结构可知，设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文
“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.”（周年纪念日和生日对于
异地友谊而言是非常重要的。）讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要
的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“记得重要的日子”，所以A项符合题意。故选A
项。
【20题详解】
设空处所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious
effort to sustain.”（但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系。）讲的是
我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句
“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题
“Don’t rely on technology alone”（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technology”。故选F项。
Passage4
【2022年全国甲卷】Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___16___. Knowing
some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the
world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down
between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.
___17___ .
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you
to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___18___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch
any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
___19___ . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their
seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various
countries. ___20___ , the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
【答案】16. D 17. F 18. C 19. G 20. B
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事情。
【16题详解】
根据文章标题“Important Things to Know When Dining Out (外出就餐时要知道的重要事情)”可知，本文
主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情。由此可知，D项“Don’t get caught making an
embarrassing mistake at a restaurant (不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误)”符合语境，其中“at a restaurant”对应标
题中的“When Dining Out”，同时引起下文“Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an
enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world. (知道一些技巧将有助于确保你
和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方)”。故选D。【17题详解】
根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When you put
them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of
you. (当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行
了)”可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F项“Never stick them upright in your food or
cross them as you use them (不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)”讲述的也
是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”指的是上文的“chopsticks”。故选F。
【18题详解】
根据本段小标题“Hands or Utensils (餐具)”可知，本段主要讲述的是手和餐具的问题。根据上文“In
India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat
with a utensil in each hand. (在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一
个餐具吃饭)”及下文“instead preferring to use their hands (相反更愿意使用他们的双手)”可知，此处在讲
述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只手的问题。由此可知，C项“Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with
utensils (墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)”符合语境，与下文形成转折关系。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“In
Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills.
Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. (在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这
向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪)”可推知，
在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。由此可知，G项“It may seem like simple request to ask for salt
and pepper at a meal (吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合此处语境，其中“request”是关键词，说明，在
用餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的。故选G。
【20题详解】
根据下文“the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. (你就会对它的外国文化
习俗感到越舒服)”可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the+比较级，
the+比较级”结构，B项“The more time you spend in any given country (你在某个国家待的时间越长)”符合
文意，引出下文。故选B。
Passage5
【2022 年北京卷】Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various
pressures, we tend to ignore our health. ____35____ It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these
diseases.
____36____ We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be
attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not
have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. ____37____ This does not
definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic
conditions we live in.
It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. ____38____ For instance, we mustexercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age
groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.
Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It
helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. ____39____ This, in turn, gives us
new goals of health and fitness.
A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life.
B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.
C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.
D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.
E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.
F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.
G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.
【答案】35. G 36. B 37. D 38. F 39. C
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健
身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。
35.【解析】
根据空前“Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to
ignore our health.(健康和健身帮助一个人过上良好和健康的生活。由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自
己的健康。)”可知因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视，根据空后“It is the fitness level of our body that
helps us fight these diseases.(正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。)”可知身体的健康可以让我
们应对各种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项“This
makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.(这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾
病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的other diseases与空后的these diseases相互照应，符合上下文语
境。故选G项。
36.【解析】
根据空后“We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted
towards maintaining the fitness of our body.(为了拥有一个健康的身体我们需要健康。同样，如果我们是健康
的，我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。)”可知健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是
本段的主旨句，B项“Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.(健康和健身是相互关联的。)”概括全
段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B项。
37.【解析】
根据空前“Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body,
which is ready to be targeted by viruses.(健康是在特定时间内我们身体的状态。我们可能没有任何疾病，但身
体仍然虚弱，随时会被病毒攻击。)”可知我们的身体虽然没有生病，但也很虚弱，随时会生病，根据空后
“This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy.(这并不一定意味着我们不健康。)”可知生病并不一定
表明我们是不健康的。空处承上启下，所以空处应该举例说明我们的身体在虚弱的情况下会生病这样一种
状况，D项“For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.(例如，我们可能很容易感冒。)”举例说明我们的身体会在虚弱的情况下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的 This指代D项的we may
have a tendency to catch a cold easily这种情况，符合上下文语境。故选D项。
38.【解析】
根据空前“It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.(对每个人来说，花些时间在健
康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我们应该花时间去健身，根据空后“For instance, we must exercise daily
regardless of our age and working style.(例如，我们必须每天锻炼，不管我们的年龄和工作方式。)”可知我
们应该每天坚持锻炼，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，F项
“There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.(在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人都应该
做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F项。
39.【解析】
根据空前“We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫)
system and protects us against diseases.(我们每天至少应该有6到8个小时的睡眠。它有助于改善我们的免疫
系统，保护我们抵抗疾病。)”可知我们应该保障充足的睡眠，根据空后“This, in turn, gives us new goals of
health and fitness.(这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标。)”可知充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目
标很有好处，空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C项“It also helps in keeping us
calm and relaxes our mind.(它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。)”进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们
的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选C项。
Passage6
【2022年浙江卷6月】I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their
Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give
Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. ____11____
Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to
achieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. ____12____ And when writing doesn’t
seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.
Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children
write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. ____13____ You write
“Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect.
____14____ Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly
producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal
language most of the time.
There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done.
____15____ This type of writing won’t be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential
client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience.
A. It isn’t that these young people can’t write.
B. But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be.
C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted.
E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have.
G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过讲述孩子们通过给圣诞老人写信暗示得到自己心仪的礼物，
从而论证观点：人们写作都是带有某种目的的。
11.D根据空前“As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents.
(随着孩子们逐渐长大，他们会给圣诞老人一些提示，告诉他去哪里买礼物。)”可知，孩子们给圣诞老人
提示去哪买礼物。结合选项可知，D项“As a result, each year they received something they wanted. (结果，
他们每年都会收到他们想要的东西。)”为孩子们提示的结果：收到心仪的礼物。前后为明显的因果关系。
故选D项。
12.B 根据空前“Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something;other times t may be to entertain, inform, or
persuade. (有时我们的目的是为了获得东西，有时可能是为了娱乐、告知或说服。)”可知，我们写作都
是带着目的的。结合选项B“But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be. (但它总是有目的的——或者
至少应该是这样。)”可知，前后语意一致，说明写作是带有目的的。故选B项。
13.E根据空前“When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words
accordingly. (当孩子们为真正的读者和真正的目的写作时，他们就能学会相应地选择用词。)”以及空后
“You write “Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect. (你写“亲爱
的圣诞老人”是因为你不认识他，你想表达对他的尊重。)”可知，空后句和空前句之间是“理论——实
践”的关系，由此可推知，空处也应为具体的实践。结合选项E“You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you
are close to them. (你写“嗨，奶奶和爸爸”，因为你和他们很亲近。)”可知，符合这一逻辑。而且和空后
结构一致。故选E项。
14.F根据空后“Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly
producing written messages. (在玩电子游戏时发短信、在线消息、实时聊天都意味着他们在不断地产生书面
信息。 )”可知，科技的发展让人们的写作变得更普遍。结合选项F“As technology develops, young people
are writing more than they ever have. (随着科技的发展，年轻人写的东西比以前更多了。)”可知，前后语意
一致，符合语境。故选F项。
15.G根据空前“There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets
the job done. (这种写作方式并没有错。它迎合了观众和目的，完成了任务。)”可知，作者在评价这种科技
影响下的写作方式。结合选项G“But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
(但如果这是年轻人唯一的写作方式，那就会造成问题。)”可知，前后语意一致，从正反两方面评价科技
带来的写作。故选G项。
Passage7
【2022年浙江卷1月】I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that
allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. 11
Pick the most important.
12 Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. 1 chose the life of an adviser because I like
to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle 1
want.Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. 13
Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find
people in your company who share common interests and develop your career （职业）around the people and
activities you love.
14
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things
that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to
gain back an hour here or there.
Lighten up.
The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress
and keep refining （改进）toward a happy productive existence. 15 Every completion is a small victory that
adds up in a big way.
A. Speed up.
B. Be an active learner.
C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
【答案】11. F 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. G
【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。作者给出了既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐放松的有效建议。
【11题详解】
上文 “ I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that allow me to make the
most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed.（我和你一样，每天都有24小时，但我做了具体的选择，
让我充 分利用每一天，仍然感到快乐和放松）”说明作者做出选择，充分利用每一天，但仍旧感到快乐
和轻松，根 据下文段落小标题可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议，因此空格处应是承上启下，
F项中的“help you make the most of your time与上文 “to make the most of every day ” 一致，“tips” 引出
下文的建议，因此 F项“也许这些建议会帮助你充分利用你的时间”符合语境，承上启下。故选F。
【12题详解】
根据段落标题“Pick the most important.”可知，本段建议挑选最重要的，下文“Focus on spending time that
for you is fun and productive.（把时间花在那些对你来说有趣和富有成效的事情上）”说明要挑选一些有趣
的 和富有成效的事情去做，D项中的“ what is meaningful in your life”与标题中的"the most important一
致， 下文是对“Make choices”具体解释。因此推断D项“选择你生活中有意义的东西”符合语境。故选
D。 【13题详解】
上文 “Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc.（ 许多
人疯 狂地试图弄清楚如何在朋友，家庭，工作，娱乐等方面度过时间）”说明许多人想要弄清楚在生活
中如何分 配好时间，下文“Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.（找到一种结合的方式来享受它们）”说明可 以把事情组合在一起享受，因此推断空格处与上文是转折关系，说明不要试图均衡时间，C
项“不要试图在 它们之间平衡时间”符合语境。故选C。
【14题详解】
空格处为段落小标题。根据下文“You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are
always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important.
Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. Always be looking for a new way to gain back
an hour here or there.（你可能会认为学习需要花费了你更多的时间，但实际上总有一些新的方法可以为你
节省出做日常 事务的时间，为你腾出时间去做最重要的事情。寻找在这里或者那里赢回一个小时的新方
法）”可推断，本 段讲述学习虽然花费很多时间，但总是能有一些方法为你节省时间做其他事情，因此
要做有效的学习者。 因此推断B项“做有效的学习者”为段落标题，故选B。
【15题详解】
下文 “Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.（每一次的完成都是一个小的胜利，累积
起 来就是一个大的胜利）”说明事情要一件一件去做，G项中的“making lists”与之呼应，因此推断G项
“这 就是为什么列清单在任何生产手册中都很重要的原因”符合语境，this指代上文“The world won't
come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining （改
进）toward a happy productive existence.（在大多数情况下，世界不会因为你没做完几件事而走向末日。庆
祝进步，不断 改进走向一个快乐而富有成效的存在）”解释了列出清单一件一件完成任务的原因。故选
G。
Passage8
【2022年浙江卷6月】I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their
Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give
Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. ____11____
Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to
achieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. ____12____ And when writing doesn’t
seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.
Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children
write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. ____13____ You write
“Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect.
____14____ Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly
producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal
language most of the time.
There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done.
____15____ This type of writing won’t be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential
client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience.
A. It isn’t that these young people can’t write.
B. But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be.
C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted.E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.
F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have.
G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过讲述孩子们通过给圣诞老人写信暗示得到自己心仪的礼物，
从而论证观点：人们写作都是带有某种目的的。
11.D根据空前“As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents.
(随着孩子们逐渐长大，他们会给圣诞老人一些提示，告诉他去哪里买礼物。)”可知，孩子们给圣诞老人提
示去哪买礼物。结合选项可知，D项“As a result, each year they received something they wanted. (结果，他
们每年都会收到他们想要的东西。)”为孩子们提示的结果：收到心仪的礼物。前后为明显的因果关系。故
选D项。
12.B 根据空前“Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something;other times t may be to entertain, inform, or
persuade. (有时我们的目的是为了获得东西，有时可能是为了娱乐、告知或说服。)”可知，我们写作都是
带着目的的。结合选项B“But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be. (但它总是有目的的——或者至少
应该是这样。)”可知，前后语意一致，说明写作是带有目的的。故选B项。
13.E根据空前“When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words
accordingly. (当孩子们为真正的读者和真正的目的写作时，他们就能学会相应地选择用词。)”以及空后
“You write “Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect. (你写“亲爱
的圣诞老人”是因为你不认识他，你想表达对他的尊重。)”可知，空后句和空前句之间是“理论——实
践”的关系，由此可推知，空处也应为具体的实践。结合选项 E“You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you
are close to them. (你写“嗨，奶奶和爸爸”，因为你和他们很亲近。)”可知，符合这一逻辑。而且和空后结
构一致。故选E项。
14.F根据空后“Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly
producing written messages. (在玩电子游戏时发短信、在线消息、实时聊天都意味着他们在不断地产生书面
信息。 )”可知，科技的发展让人们的写作变得更普遍。结合选项F“As technology develops, young people
are writing more than they ever have. (随着科技的发展，年轻人写的东西比以前更多了。)”可知，前后语意一
致，符合语境。故选F项。
15.G根据空前“There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets
the job done. (这种写作方式并没有错。它迎合了观众和目的，完成了任务。)”可知，作者在评价这种科技
影响下的写作方式。结合选项G“But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
(但如果这是年轻人唯一的写作方式，那就会造成问题。)”可知，前后语意一致，从正反两方面评价科技带
来的写作。故选G项。
2021年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which
you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate
the benefits of being able to read more quickly. ____16____
·Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your back andthe book should be at the right distance from your eyes. ____17____
____18____ Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc.This will help you to decide
whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it. Ten minutes spent in this way could save
you quite a lot of time in the long run.
If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time. ____19____ A
history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific
subjects. In the former case you may be able to read a chapter. In the latter you may only be able to read one page.
Always keep a pencil and paper beside you. ____20____Note also the facts important for your purpose as
well as anything which leads you to further research. You don't have to write these things in detail. It is enough to
put the page number and one or two words as a reminder .
A. Stop to have a rest now and then.
B. Spend a few minutes looking through the book.
C. This depends on the type of book you are reading.
D. Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.
E. Make a note of any page which is of special importance.
F. You may find yourself having to leam something by heart.
G. Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.
【答案】16. D 17. G 18. B 19. C 20. E
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。
【16题详解】
根据上文“If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does
not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able
to read more quickly.（如果你唯一的阅读是小说或杂志，那么你阅读的速度可能并不重要。但是，如果你
必须大量阅读来学习，你就会感激能够更快地阅读的好处。）”可知，接下来要介绍提高阅读速度的方法。
D项：Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.（这里有一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。）符合
语境。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据本段主题句“Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable.（在你打开书之前，确保你感
到舒服。）”可知，本段主要说明要给自己创造舒适的阅读环境。G项：Keep the room cool rather than
warm to avoid feeling sleepy.（保持房间凉爽而不是温暖以避免困倦。）符合语境。故选G。
【18题详解】
空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc（查看目录、
前言、章节标题等。）”可知，本段主要讲述在阅读一本书之前要先浏览一下大致内容。B项：Spend a
few minutes looking through the book.（花几分钟浏览一下这本书。）符合语境。故选B。
【19题详解】
根据上文“If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time.（如果你
决定要读完整本书，决定一下你一次能读多少。）”和下文“A history book which may contain the facts instory form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects.（以故事形式包含事实的历史书比科学
题材的书更容易阅读。）”可知，看书时间的长短取决于书的类型。C项：This depends on the type of book
you are reading.（这取决于你读的书的类型。）符合语境。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据段落主题句“Always keep a pencil and paper beside you.（总是在身边放一支铅笔和一张纸。）”可知，本
段强调要随时注意记笔记。E项：Make a note of any page which is of special importance.（把任何有特别重要
的一页都记下来。）符合语境。故选E。
Passage2
【2021年全国甲卷】Swap, Don’t shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge
amount of natural resources（资源）to make, and buying loads of new clothing（or throwing out old clothing）is
not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them
clothes piled on your bedroom floor? ____16____. It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes
from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how
much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. ____17____ , and there may not be enough things to
choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
●____18____. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their "new" clothes home.
●Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.____19____. Place a few mirrors around
your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be
that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
●Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. ____20____. And don't
forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
.
F Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. G 19. F 20. D
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法——衣物交换派对，以
及一些具体的流程。
【16题详解】
根据上文“So what to do with all those perfectly- good-but-you 're- maybe-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on
your bedroom floor?（那么，该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的（看起来）完好但你可能有点厌倦的衣服
呢？）”提出关于如何解决旧衣物的问题。下文“It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothesfrom your friends, and have a party all at the same time.（这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里买衣服、同时开派对的
最好方法。）”提到了具体处理旧衣物的方法。所以空白处应起承上启下的作用，承接上文讲到的问题，
启下提出的方法。因而空白处是提出了一种处理旧衣物的好方法。B项“Hold a clothing swap.（进行衣物
交换。）”给出了一种处理旧衣物的方法，承上启下，符合语境。故选B项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection.”（邀请5到10个人，这样你就有一个很好的选
择。）说明了应该邀请的人数。下文“and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and
it becomes uncontrollable.”（可能没有足够的东西可供选择；多于这个数量，它就变得无法控制。）说明多
于或少于一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。所以空白处应是针对下文中的“more than that”提出的相反的
假设，即少于一定数量的人。A项“Less people than that”（少于这些人）提出一种假设，和下文中“more
than that”相对，说明人数不宜太多，也不能太少，符合语境。故选A项。
【18题详解】
根据下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.”（他们还应该准
备大量的可重复使用的袋子，把他们的“新”衣服带回家。）说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服”
准备袋子。G项“Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition.”（告诉每个人带来品相完好的衣
服。）说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服，其中的bring和下文中carry相对，都是为交换衣物
所做的准备。下文中的also也是提示词，并且其中They指代G项的everyone。所以G项符合语境。故选
G项。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.”（把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不
同地方。）指出衣服应该归类放置。下文“Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things
look when they try them on.”（在房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样子。）提到了放
置镜子的意义。由此可见，本段讲述的是房间里的一些具体的做法，所以空白处一样要提出人们在房间里
要做什么。F项“Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots.（让每个人的衣服都放在相应的位置
上。）”说明每个人应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置，符合语境。故选F项。
【20题详解】
上文“Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever.”（设置开始时间。也许你
说“开始”，或者打开一首歌，或者无论什么。）打开音乐或者无论什么，意味聚会开始。下文“And
don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!”（别忘了拿出一些饼干和水果。记住，
这是个派对！）讲到了聚会上应该提供一些派对该有的服务。因而，空白处应是承接上文，讲述聚会期间
要保持应有的内容。D项“Just keep music playing throughout.”（要始终播放音乐。）承上启下，说明在派
对上要有音乐，与前文形成意义上的一致，符合题意，故选D项。
Passage3
【2021年全国乙卷】According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make
yourself interesting at a dinner party.
___36___, if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time.
So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do
you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking
to. ___37___, it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who
were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.
___38___? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox （讲台）.
If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the
situation.___39___.
And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a
dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment（赞扬）.
___40___. Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”
So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
【答案】36. B 37. C 38. F 39. E 40. G
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在晚宴上让自己表现得有趣的一些方法。
【36题详解】
根据上文“it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party (在晚宴上让自己变得有趣并不难)”可
知，下文应主要讲述如何在晚宴上让自己变得有趣。下文“So the main thing is just to show up and be
adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers. (所以最主要的事情就是去尝试，去冒险，尝试不同
的食物，和陌生人交谈)”可推知，本段主要说明想在晚宴上让自己变得有趣，就要勇于冒险，勇于探索。
由此可知，B项“The first step is to go exploring(第一步是去探索)”承上启下，符合题意。故选B项。
【37题详解】
根据下文“it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who
were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation. (它可以带入“我有这辆破旧的车”或
“我和那些在后面嘲笑愚蠢笑话的疯子一起乘坐公共汽车。”它只是打开了对话)”可知，设空处应该是提
了一个不太好的问题，只是开始交流，但并不会给人留下有趣的印象。由此可知，C项“If you ask the
question “How did you get here?”(如果你问“你是怎么到这里来的？”这个问题)”能够承接下文，符合题意。
故选C项。
【38题详解】
根据下文“If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox. If you’re the
host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. (如果你
不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，此处指出了一个问题的解决办法。由此推知，设空处提到了一
个棘手的问题。F项“What about the person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking(喝太多酒或一
直说个不停的人怎么办)”正是提出的问题，引出下文的解决办法，符合题意。故选F项。
【39题详解】
根据上文“If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you’re
the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. (如
果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做
点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，本段主要是为解决“喝太多酒或一直说个不停”这个问题
提供方法。由此可知，E项“Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say(或者把谈话变成
他们没什么可说的话题)”是提出的另一个解决办法，承接上文，符合题意。故选E项。
【40题详解】
根据上文“If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone
talking again is to give the host a compliment.(如果你在晚宴上遭遇了尴尬的沉默，唯一能让大家再次交谈的
方法就是赞美主人)”可知，此处指出赞美主人可以缓解尴尬的沉默，设空处承上启下，下文“This cake is
extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.(这蛋糕特别好吃，你得告诉我它的一切)”对主人进行了
赞美。由此可知，宴会上出现尴尬的沉默时，最尴尬的就是主人，所以需要赞美主人来缓解尴尬。G项
“He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most(他或她是最能感受到那种尴尬
的人)”承上启下，符合题意。故选G项
Passage4
【2021年北京卷】Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people．
____35____ The mental health benefits from music can't be argued．Music could also be helping you with many
other health problems behind the scenes．
____36____However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting
（分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels．This，of course，
can lead to less pain．
Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed．____37____While the validity of the
idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly, according to
researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels，
through the lowering of stress and anxiety．
When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the
tempo that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European study，participants listened to music as the
researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure．____38____ On the other hand，when the music
slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow
suit．
____39____But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，
which is what makes music so valuable．
A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems．B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud．
C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing．
D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep．
E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive．
F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety．
G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were．
【答案】35. F 36. B 37. D 38. G 39. E
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。
【35题详解】
空格后说“The mental health benefits from music can't be argued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的），
F选项It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety 中的stress and anxiety照应
了mental health benefits，因此F选项切合题意，故选F。
【36题详解】
空格后说“However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain”（然而，出于同样的
原因，当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的），However表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价，
B选项Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B选项切
合题意，故选B。
【37题详解】
空格前说“Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前
听些轻松的音乐），D选项They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep 中的sleep和
going to bed相呼应，因此D选项切合题意，故选D。
【38题详解】
空格前说“In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates
and blood pressure”（在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压），G选项
Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were中的heart rates和前面的heart
rates相照应，因此G选项切合题意，故选G。
【39题详解】
空格后说“But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，
which is what makes music so valuable”（但是，开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音
乐如此有价值的原因），因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，E选项The implications of music on overall
well-being are really impressive讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E选项切合题意，
故选E。
Passage5
【2021年浙江卷1月】You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need,
head to the front, and choose the line that looks fastest.
You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to
the parking lot. 11 ．It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster.
Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum
delay. 12 ． Any small interruption - a price check, a chatty customer-can have downstream effects, holding up an
entire line.
If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the
probability: 13 ． So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.
Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long, snaking line-
called a serpentine line - and serve each person at the front with the next available register. 14 ． This is what they
do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish
the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.
15 ． It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or
manpower. So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck.
A．Why does this always seem to happen to you?
B．So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines?
C．Some of the may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.
D．The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
E.How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?
F.With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G.But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.
【分析】本文是说明文。文章说明了杂货店排队方式以及研究人员提出的蛇形队伍的新方式，并分析了各
自的利弊。
11．A下文“It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster. （原来，
这只是你的数学问题；很可能，另一个队伍真的更快。）”解释了上文“You chose wrong.(你选错了)”的原
因，下文与空格处是因果关系，所以本空应该是对前文选错提出疑惑，故选A项。
12．G上文“Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with
minimum delay.（杂货店尽量让足够的员工在结账时让所有的顾客以最小的延误完成结账。）”解释了杂
货店之前的工作模式，下文“Any small interruption a price check, a chatty customer -can have downstream
effects, holding up an entire line.（任何一个小小的中断，一个价格检查，一个喋喋不休的顾客，都会产生下
游效应，拖住整个生产线。）”描述了杂货店的特殊情况，故本空应该填出现特殊情况的原因，故选G项。
13．D根据上文“If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. （如果
杂货店中有三列队伍，延迟将在不同的队伍中随机发生。）”联系下文“So it's not just in your mind:
Another line probably is moving faster.（所以这不仅仅是在你的脑海里：另一条队伍可能移动得更快。）”
可知本空说的是任何一个队伍都有可能出现问题。你的队伍跑得最快的几率只有三分之一。故选D项。
14．F根据“上文Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem.(我们得知研究人员有一个很好的方
法来处理这个问题)”以及下文“This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine
line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down
everyone little bit but speed up checkout overall.（这个大多数银行和快餐店都是这样做的。有了一条蜿蜒的队伍，在一个登记处长时间拖延不会不公平地惩罚后面排队的人。相反，它会减慢每个人一点点，但加快
了整体结帐速度。）”说明这个新方案迅速有效，联系上下文可知，空格中应该是与旧的结账方案作比较。
故选F项。
15．B结合下文“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space
or manpower.（要保持一条生产线的快速运转，需要很多的收银机，而且有些商店负担不起空间和人
力。）”说明了一个原因，由此可知，空格处提出了一个问题；通过“It takes many registers to keep one
line moving quickly.(保持一条生产线的快速运转)”可知这里描述的是不鼓励蛇形队伍的原因。故选B项。
