考点31阅读七选五-段尾设空题（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（新高考通用）（解析版)_3.2025英语总复习_2025年新高考资料_一轮复习

考点 31 阅读七选五-段尾设空题（核心考点精讲精练） 1. 高考真题考点分布年份 卷别 体裁 词 主题 话题 设题位置 选项特征 数 语境 段 段 段 首 中 尾 新高考全 夹叙夹 人与 使用英语词典的经验、 313 1 4 0 完整句 国I卷 议文 自我 心得与乐趣 新高考全 国** 错 人与 如 何 避 免 “ 过 度 旅 说明文 297 1 3 1 完整句 误的表达 自然 游” 2024 式 **I卷 年 人与 全国甲卷 说明文 313 适度饮食 1 3 1 完整句 自我 人与 “刺猬”型思维方式和 北京卷 说明文 363 1 4 0 完整句 社会 “狐狸”型思维方式 浙江1月 人与 说明文 330 在线学习利弊 1 4 0 完整句 卷 社会 新高考全 人与 说明文 321 自我原谅 0 4 1 完整句 国I卷 自我 新高考全 国** 错 人与 说明文 310 开始艺术之旅的建议 1 3 1 完整句 误的表达 社会 式 **I卷 2023 人与 残缺句＋ 全国乙卷 说明文 335 室内植物的好处 0 3 2 年 自然 完整句 人与 成为更有耐心的人的技 残缺句＋ 全国甲卷 说明文 287 1 3 1 自我 巧 完整句 人与 北京卷 说明文 255 如何选择高校的建议 1 3 1 完整句 社会 浙江1月 人与 能使火车旅行更舒适的 说明文 361 1 4 0 完整句 卷 社会 建议 人与 一些外出就餐时要知道 残缺句＋ 全国甲卷 说明文 315 1 3 1 2022 社会 的一些重要事情 完整句 年 人与 五种维系异地友谊的方 残缺句＋ 全国乙卷 说明文 316 3 1 1 社会 法 完整句新高考全 人与 如何找到一个一起锻炼 说明文 332 0 4 1 完整句 国I卷 社会 的伙伴 新高考全 国** 错 人与 说明文 312 介绍写文章的技巧 1 4 0 完整句 误的表达 社会 式 **I卷 既可以充分利用时间又 浙江卷1 人与 说明文 309 可以快乐放松的有效建 2 2 1 完整句 月 社会 议 浙江卷6 人与 写作都是带有某种目的 说明文 338 1 3 1 完整句 月 社会 的 2. 命题规律及备考策略 【命题规律】 从近三年高考试题对段尾句共考查13次。段尾设空的题多为总结本段内容，偶有起承上启下的作用。即要 么是结论句，要么就是承上启下句。 【备考策略】 1）总结概括句 1. 做题时一要注意设空的前一句或前两三句； 2. 要注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结的词语如thus, therefore, hence, so, as a result, in a word, in short, to conclude, to sum up等； 2）承上启下(过渡)句 1.在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时要考虑与下一段开头是否有衔接，认真阅读下一段的开头几 句，看是否能紧密联系起来。 2.如果第一段的段尾是空白，往往是和下一段能连贯起来。 3.通常是结论、概括性语句。要注意表示总结的信号词，如therefore, as a result, hence, thus, to sum up, to conclude, in short, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 4.与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所 讲内 容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比、转折、排比、并列、递进等关系。根据段落一致性原则，在 原文和选项中找到相关的特征词， 3.【命题预测】 从近三年命题的发展趋势来看，预测2025年高考阅读理解七选五试题仍然以结构鲜明的指导类说明文 为主，段尾句也是考查重点。 【必备基础知识】七选五阅读文章体裁以说明文、记叙文为主。语篇模式也较为固定：依次是提出问题、分析问题、最 后是提供解决方案；题目的位置也很固定：有首句、句中、末句与独立成段四种情形；题型的正确选 项大致可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意 义）三类。 若问题在段尾，通常是结论、概括性语句。也可以是承上启下（过渡）句子。 01 段尾句考查总结概括句 要注意表示结尾总结的词。 表概况归纳关系有：in short , in brief , in summary ,generally speaking ,in general , to conclude ,in conclusion, in a word ,on the whole , to sum up 等。 【2024全国甲卷】What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. ____16____ But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. ____17____ It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full. Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. ____18____ . A Eat properly throughout the day. B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger. C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work. D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now. G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. 【答案】16. F 17. C 18. E 【解析】 【16题详解】 上文“Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs, You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. (基本上，它意味着只吃你身体需要的食物，你应该在用餐结束时感到满足，但不要太 饱)”指出，进餐时不要吃太饱，吃东西要适量。下文“But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. (但这并不意味着要告别你喜欢的食物)”指出，适量进食不是要放弃吃自己喜欢的食物。F项“对我们 许多人来说，节制意味着比现在少吃。”解释了何为适量进食。承上启下，符合文意，选项中的“means”与下文一致。故选F项。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Take your time. It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. (慢慢来。放慢脚步，把食物看作是有营养的东西，而不仅仅是会 议间隙吃的东西，这一点很重要)”可推知，本段主要建议读者吃东西要细嚼慢咽，不要过于急躁。C项 “上班路上不要狼吞虎咽。”承接上文。符合文意。故选C项。 【18题详解】 上文“It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. (如果你 已经准备好了不健康的零食，比如饼干，那么适量食用就更具挑战性了。)”指出，吃不健康的食物不利于 适度饮食，E项“相反，你应该选择健康的食物。”符合文意，建议读者选择健康的食物。选项中的 “healthy”与上文中的“unhealthy”相对应。故选E项。 （2024·河南·三模）Being a plastic-free gardener is an important step for having an eco-conscious garden. Here’s how to garden by using alternatives to plastic plant pots. Lots of pots 1 . Most are made of plastic, and come in a variety of colours. None of these plastics are readily recyclable. Half a billion plastic pots ended up in landfill or being burned each year. Plastic-free plant pot alternatives The great news is that, the choice of alternative plastic-free pots is fantastic. 2 . Ceramic (陶瓷) pots Though expensive, when it comes to plant pots, there is not much that compares to the appeal of hand-made ceramic pots. Ceramic pots are made from the firing of clay. 3 . Therefore, if collected steadily over the years, they become the backbone of any working garden, offering a ready pot for a month or two of growing on;a permanent home for repeat-flowering flowers lasting for seasons; or a decorative feature for a greenhouse. Wool pots Made from raw washed wool pots, these cute little pots are a very attractive natural alternative to plastic. 4 , but they also make a perfect pot for decorative plants that will sit in a striking position while they are growing larger — a great talking point for plastic-free gardening. Hemp (麻) pots Hemp pots are a great alternative to the plastic pots used to grow tomato and potato plants. 5 . They come in a range of sizes, from around five to forty litres (公升). Hemp pots develop from a sustainable source, are fully broken down and can be reused for several seasons. A．They are durable B．Limit the use of plastic in the garden C．Wool pots can be used to start young plants D．They are a replacement for those with limited growing spaceE．Many gardeners have a collection of plastic plant pots over the years F．Many of the pots in which plants were sold at the time were recyclable G．In addition to fabric, there is also wood, cardboard, bamboo, rubber, and even wool 【答案】1．E 2．G 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何使用塑料花盆的替代品来做园艺。 1．根据该段标题“Lots of pots”（大量花盆）提到花盆。以及下文“Most are made of plastic, and come in a variety of colours.”（大多数是由塑料制成的，有各种各样的颜色。）结合选项E项Many gardeners have a collection of plastic plant pots over the years.（许多园丁多年来都收集了塑料花盆。）可知，与标题提到的塑 料花盆的大量使用相呼应。同时引起下文，下文是对塑料花盆的具体解释和说明，上下文语意连贯。故选 E项。 2．根据上文“The great news is that, the choice of alternative plastic-free pots is fantastic.”（好消息是，选择替 代的无塑料盆是非常棒的。）提到选择替代的无塑料盆。结合选项G项In addition to fabric, there is also wood, cardboard, bamboo, rubber, and even wool（除了织物，还有木材、纸板、竹子、橡胶，甚至羊毛。） 可知，提供了更多选择替代无塑料花盆的材料，与上文提到的替代方案相呼应，上下文紧密连接。故选G 项。 3．根据下文“Therefore, if collected steadily over the years, they become the backbone of any working garden, offering a ready pot for a month or two of growing on; a permanent home for repeat-flowering flowers lasting for seasons; or a decorative feature for a greenhouse.”（因此，如果多年来稳定地收集，它们就会成为任何一个花 园的支柱，提供一个现成的花盆，可以生长一两个月；一个永久的家，让反复开花的花朵持续四季；或者 作为温室的装饰。）提到陶瓷花盆的稳定性以及长久性。结合选项A项They are durable.（它们很耐用。） 可知，和下文内容紧密连接，与下文提到的反复使用，成为花园的支柱相呼应，符合语境。故选A项。 4．根据该段标题“Wool pots”（羊毛花盆）以及下文“but they also make a perfect pot for decorative plants that will sit in a striking position while they are growing larger—a great talking point for plastic-free gardening.” （而且它们也可以作为一个完美的花盆，用来种植装饰性植物，当它们长得更大时，它们会坐在一个引人 注目的位置上——这是无塑料园艺的一大亮点。）提到羊毛花盆的优点。结合选项C项Wool pots can be used to start young plants.（羊毛花盆可以用来培养幼苗。）可知，呼应标题内容，同时和下文内容相关， 也是提到羊毛花盆的优点，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。 5．根据上文“Hemp pots are a great alternative to the plastic pots used to grow tomato and potato plants.”（大麻 盆是用来种植番茄和土豆的塑料罐的一个很好的替代品。）提到大麻盆。以及下文“They come in a range of sizes, from around five to forty litres (公升).”（它们的大小不一，从5升到40升不等。）提到大麻盆的大 小不一，空间的伸缩性很强。结合选项D项They are a replacement for those with limited growing space.（它 们是那些生长空间有限的植物的替代品。）可知，和下文内容紧密连接，下文是对空格处内容的语意递进， 符合语境。故选D项。 02 段尾句考查补充信息句 是对前文内容进行补充说明,这时要选择补充性的语句。【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help? Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___16___ Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. ●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. ___17___ A. Visit during off-peak times. B. So, should we stop traveling? C. Travel for you and no one else. D. Can overtourism be avoided then? E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it. G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. 【答案】16. B 17. C 18. E 19. A 20. G 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了如何避免“过度旅游”的现象。 【16题详解】 前文“Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.(旅游促进 理解，扩展我们的思想，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区，但旅游业的快速发展导致了某些地 区和目的地的过度旅游)”表明旅游带来了一些问题，后文“The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world.(在当今世界，失去旅行所能提供的东西将是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行， 结合后文“Certainly not.(当然不)”可知，空处提问能否停止旅行，D选项“那么，我们应该停止旅行 吗？”符合语境。故选B。 【17题详解】 前文“Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多关于同一个地方的帖子，很 容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方)”表明不要跟风旅游，C 选项“为你而不是其他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时的感受，忠实自己的感受，不用管其余的建议， 符合语境。故选C。（2024·广东深圳·模拟预测）Spreading kindness not only helps others feel better about themselves but also boosts the giver’s health and happiness, according to a study. 1 . Giving seems to lower our blood pressure. 2 . One study asked a group of hypertensive (高血压的) people to spend $40 on themselves, while another group of people with high blood pressure were told to spend the money on others. They found that spending money on others had reduced their blood pressure at the end of the six-week study 3 . A recent study found that people who said they would donate money to help orphans were less sensitive to an electric shock than those who declined to give. According to the study, regions of the brain that react to painful stimulation appear to be instantly out of operation by the experience of giving. Being kind seems to boost happiness. Another study assigned people to three groups: the first group had to do an act of kindness each day; the second group tried a new activity each day; and the third group did nothing. The first two groups saw a significant boost in happiness. 4 , if you’re creative with your acts of kindness, than those who performed the same activity over and over again. “When doing an act of kindness, you’re making the world a better place,” said the Random Acts of Kindness foundation, which promotes kindness all year. 5 . A．It’s a win-win for all B．Giving seems to lessen our pain C．You’ll experience even greater joy D．But consider being kind to yourself E．Being kind seems to contribute to our sense of community F．Giving donations to others has been shown to have that effect G．However, any kindness you give to others is also a gift to yourself 【答案】1．A 2．F 3．B 4．C 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要阐述善行对个人健康和幸福感的影响。文章通过多项研究结果，展示了 行善不仅能帮助他人，还能提升行善者的健康和幸福感。 1．上文“Spreading kindness not only helps others feel better about themselves but also boosts the giver’s health and happiness, according to a study.(根据一项研究，传播善意不仅能帮助他人自我感觉更好，还能提升给予 者的健康状况和幸福感)”说明了善行对他人和行善者都有积极影响。选项A “It’s a win-win for all(对所有人 都是双赢的)”与上文的“not only...but also...”结构相呼应，强调了善行的双赢效果，符合语境。故选A。 2．小标题“Giving seems to lower our blood pressure.(给予似乎能降低我们的血压)”指出给予似乎能降低血 压；下文“One study asked a group of hypertensive (高血压的) people to spend $40 on themselves, while another group of people with high blood pressure were told to spend the money on others. They found that spending money on others had reduced their blood pressure at the end of the six-week study.(一项研究要求一组高血压患者在自 己身上花40美元，而另一组高血压患者则被告知把钱花在别人身上。他们发现，在为期六周的研究结束时， 把钱花在别人身上会降低他们的血压)”通过一项研究结果证明给予似乎能降低血压；选项F“Givingdonations to others has been shown to have that effect(给予他人捐款已被证明具有这种效果)”符合语境，“that effect”指代标题“Giving seems to lower our blood pressure”陈述的内容。故选F。 3．设空处为小标题；根据下文“A recent study found that people who said they would donate money to help orphans were less sensitive to an electric shock than those who declined to give. According to the study, regions of the brain that react to painful stimulation appear to be instantly out of operation by the experience of giving.(最近 的一项研究发现，那些表示愿意捐钱帮助孤儿的人对电击的敏感度低于那些拒绝捐钱的人。根据这项研究， 大脑中对痛苦刺激做出反应的区域似乎在给予的经历中立即失去了作用。)”可知，本段主要阐述给予有助 于减轻痛苦。选项B“Giving seems to lessen our pain(给予似乎能减轻我们的痛苦)”强调了行善可以减轻痛苦， 符合本段主旨，适合作为小标题。故选B。 4．上文提到“Being kind seems to boost happiness.(行善似乎能提升幸福感)”指出行善似乎能提升幸福感。 选项C“You’ll experience even greater joy(你将体验到更大的快乐)”与上文的“boost happiness”相呼应，进一 步强调了行善可以带来更大的快乐，符合语境。故选C。 5．上文““When doing an act of kindness, you’re making the world a better place,” said the Random Acts of Kindness foundation, which promotes kindness all year.(‘当你做一件好事的时候，你正在让世界变得更美 好，’随机善举基金会说，该基金会全年都在促进善举。”引用随机善举基金会的话来说明行善使世界更 美好。选项G “However, any kindness you give to others is also a gift to yourself(然而，你给予他人的任何善意 也是给自己的礼物)”强调了给予他人善行同时也是对自己的一种礼物，与第一段中“Spreading kindness not only helps others feel better about themselves but also boosts the giver’s health and happiness(传播善意不仅能让 别人感觉更好，还能促进给予者的健康和幸福)”相呼应。故选G。 03 段尾句考查承上启下(过渡)句 段落间的过渡句,首先可以关注表示逻辑关系的衔接词,再结合词汇复现等原则进行答案的选择。 【2024浙江1月卷】In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. ___16___ But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you? ___17___ A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. B. Your motivation should be your main concern. C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education? D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. 【答案】16. G 17. F 【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在线学习的注意事项。 【16题详解】 由上文“In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. (在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学生活的重要组成部分)”可知，在线学习对大学生活很 重要，本空要说跟“这种现象的具体表现”有关的话题，故G选项“A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. (一项调查发现，29%的大学生注册了在线课程。)”能承接上文， 符合题意。故选G。 【17题详解】 由上文“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (但是所有的在线课程 都是平等的吗？你如何确定数字化学习适合你？)”可知，上文对在线课程提出疑问，本空可以继续提出疑 问，故F选项“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (如果你参加了在 线课程，你能做些什么来确保尽可能好的成绩？)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 （2024·辽宁沈阳·三模）With summer fast approaching, it’s time to book your trips. 36 Here is something we can do to avoid them. Fail to disclose pre-existing medical conditions. It’s crucial that you tell your insurance provider about any medical conditions you have. 37 If you fail to disclose the problems, you won’t be covered for any issues related to the condition while you’re on holiday. If you’re not sure if you need to mention a medical condition you have, it’s worth asking your insurance provider. Don’t let your insurance provider know if there are any changes to your pre-existing medical conditions. To make sure you’re not out of pocket during your holiday, you need to inform your insurance provider of any developments in your medical history. 38 If anything changes in health, let your insurer know as soon as possible to avoid any complications. 39 A good rule of thumb is to organize your travel insurance at the same time you book your holiday. Travel insurance covers you for your holiday as well as the period leading up to it. By booking your insurance at the same time as the holiday itself, you’ll be covered if anything changes, or you need to cancel your trip. Make sure you organize insurance well in advance. Get your details wrong when booking travel insurance. Make sure to check your details carefully. You won’t be covered if you’ve given your insurer the wrong information. Double-check everything you’ve entered before finalizing your travel insurance. 40 Make sure you compare key features and benefits of travel insurance policies, and not just the price. Insurance is vital for your trip, so make sure you take the time to understand what you’re paying for. A．Leave buying insurance until the last minute. B．Taking out an annual policy for a long-stay trip. C．This includes any medical problems you have experienced.D．Ensure you check your details as soon as you receive your documents. E．Insurers ask for medical changes in order to give you the right level of cover. F．Make sure you have travel insurance and cards to avoid any unexpected payments. G．However, there are several travel insurance mistakes to stop you from getting a payout. 【答案】36．G 37．C 38．E 39．F 40．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了避免旅行保险常见错误的建议，包括披露既往病史、及时更新 健康状况、提前购买保险、确保信息准确、比较不同保险政策优劣。 36．根据上文的“With summer fast approaching, it’s time to book your trips.(随着夏天的临近，是时候预订你 的旅行了。)”和下文的“Here is something we can do to avoid them.(我们可以做一些事情来避免它们。)”可 知，G项(然而，有几个旅游保险错误会阻止你获得赔偿。)与上文构成转折关系，说明了在旅行保险这方 面要小心，下文作为过渡句引出后文的做法。故选G项。 37．根据上文的“Fail to disclose pre-existing medical conditions. It’s crucial that you tell your insurance provider about any medical conditions you have. (没有披露已有的就医情况。告诉你的保险公司你的所有就医 情况是至关重要的。)”和下文的“If you fail to disclose the problems, you won’t be covered for any issues related to the condition while you’re on holiday. If you’re not sure if you need to mention a medical condition you have, it’s worth asking your insurance provider.(如果你没有披露这些问题，你将不会得到在度假期间任何与疾 病相关的赔偿。如果你不确定你是否需要提及你的就医情况，你应该问问你的保险公司。)”可知，C项(这 包括你有过的任何医疗问题。)承接上文，说明了你要如实告知你的就医情况，下文指出了如若不告知保险 公司事情会带来的后果。故选C项。 38．根据上文的“Don’t let your insurance provider know if there are any changes to your pre-existing medical conditions. To make sure you’re not out of pocket during your holiday, you need to inform your insurance provider of any developments in your medical history. (不要让你的保险公司知道你之前的就医状况有任何变化。为了 确保你在度假期间不会赔钱，你需要告知你的保险公司你的病史的任何发展。)”和下文的“If anything changes in health, let your insurer know as soon as possible to avoid any complications.(如果你的健康状况有任 何变化，请尽快告知你的保险公司，以避免任何复杂情况发生。)”可知，E项(保险公司要求你进行医疗变 更，以便给你适当的保险范围。)承接上文，说明了病情若发生变化要及时报告给保险公司，以便调整保险 范围，下文指出了这样做的必要性。故选E项。 39．根据下文的“A good rule of thumb is to organize your travel insurance at the same time you book your holiday. Travel insurance covers you for your holiday as well as the period leading up to it. By booking your insurance at the same time as the holiday itself, you’ll be covered if anything changes, or you need to cancel your trip. Make sure you organize insurance well in advance.(一个好的经验法则是在预订假期的同时安排好旅行保 险。旅游保险的时间段包括你的假期以及假期前的一段时间。在度假的同时预订保险，如果有什么变化， 或者你需要取消旅行，你就会得到保险。一定要提前准备好保险。)”可知，F项(确保你有旅行保险和银行 卡，以避免任何意外支出。)说明了要做好保险以相应的材料，下文具体指出了如何操作。故选F项。 40．根据上文的“Get your details wrong when booking travel insurance. Make sure to check your detailscarefully. You won’t be covered if you’ve given your insurer the wrong information. Double-check everything you’ve entered before finalizing your travel insurance.(在预订旅游保险时，把你的详细信息搞错了。一定要仔 细检查你的详细信息。如果你向保险公司提供了错误的信息，你就不会得到保险。在确定你的旅行保险之 前，仔细检查你输入的所有东西。)”可知，D项(确保你一收到资料文件就检查你的详细信息。)承接上文， 强调信息准确的必要性。故选D项。 04考查半句话类选项 1. 根据空格前后的逗号，可以判断是半句话类型的题型。 2. 判斷选项中哪些是半句话，缩小选择范围，它可以是从句、非谓语短语、介词短语等结构。 3. 根据空格前后内容确定答案。 【2023年全国乙卷】Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. ____16____, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive. What are indoor plants? Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. ____17____. A. All plants are different B. Not only do they look beautiful C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding 【答案】16. B 17. D 18. C 19. E 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。 【16题详解】 根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆 力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由 此可知，B. Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in thewinter.(这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的 环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer(相 反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。 （2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）On a beautiful Saturday morning, I went for a run in the park. I got to about a mile and a half, through rose gardens and around trees. 1 . The next thing I remember was two worried faces looking down at me. They were calling an ambulance, while a black Labrador was licking my face! I felt pain in my back. Later, I learnt the dog chasing a squirrel ran straight into me. I was thrown into the air and landed on my back. My usual run had turned into a trip to a nearby hospital. Luckily, aside from minor injuries, I was OK. 2 : what if it had been a car? How can we ever see these things coming? The truth is that sometimes, life really is out of our control. Then what do we do when it does? First, do a gratitude stocktake (盘点): my friend Denise, would look after my son Jett; gratitude that it was a dog, not a car, and I lived to tell the tale. The next, who and what measures up? These uncontrollable moments in life are also the times when you find the greatest clarity. 3 .The ones that make the effort: show up; come round; be there. 4 see it as an opportunity to step back and reassess. Is your time and love focused on the things that truly matter? Are there conversations left unsaid? What do you want to do differently? If it all ended tomorrow, would your life have been well lived? I hope so. 5 ! A．But it crossed my mind B．Unless misfortune falls upon you C．Then I‘m not entirely sure what happened D．You see the people who are really there for you E．When the breath is literally knocked out of you F．I didn’t expect a Labrador would transform my life G．If not, it’s time to start living and watching out for dogs 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．G 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者被狗撞到的经历和感悟。 1．根据下文“The next thing I remember was two worried faces looking down at me.”（我记得的下一件事是两 张焦虑的脸低头看着我。）以及下文“They were calling an ambulance, while a black Labrador was licking my face! I felt pain in my back. Later, I learnt the dog chasing a squirrel ran straight into me.”（他们正在叫救护车， 而一只黑色的拉布拉多犬正在舔我的脸!我感到背部疼痛。后来，我才知道那只追松鼠的狗直接撞到了我身 上。）可知，当时作者被撞到，不知道发生了什么事情。故C选项“那我就不太清楚发生了什么。”切题， 说明了当时的境况，且承接下文。故选C项。2．根据下文“what if it had been a car? How can we ever see these things coming? ”（如果它是一辆汽车呢?我 们怎么能预见到这些事情的发生呢?）可知，这是作者想到的内容。所以选项与作者突然想到有关。故A 选项“但我突然想到”切题。故选A项。 3．根据下文“The ones that make the effort: show up; come round; be there.”（那些付出努力的人：出现；顺 道拜访；在那里。）可知，选项与下文为并列关系说明有很多人在帮助你。故D选项“你看到的是那些真 正支持你的人”切题。故选D项。 4．根据下文“see it as an opportunity to step back and reassess.”（否则你应该把它看作是退后一步重新评估 的机会。）可知，选项承接下文说明下文发生的条件。故B选项“除非不幸降临在你身上”切题。it指代 misfortune。故选B项。 5．根据上文“If it all ended tomorrow, would your life have been well lived? I hope so.”（如果明天一切就结束 了，你的生活过得好吗?我希望如此。）可知，选项承接上文说明想法的一种情况且要呼应自己被狗撞到 的经历。故G选项“如果没有，是时候开始生活且要注意狗”切题。故选G项。 （最新模拟试题演练） Passage 1 （2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）Many people desire stronger, more authentic friendships as an adult. 6 . How do you skip the awkward chit-chat phase and hit the fast-forward button on a potential friendship? I’ve learned a few things. Give yourself permission to bore people We all know the safe topics to broach when you first meet someone. But this tendency to play it safe can delay knowing whether you are compatible with a potential friend. 7 . “What do you think is the best television finale of all time?” This is a great conversation starter as long as it interests you. And if the other person slowly backs away, then you’ve just saved yourself hours of chatting. 8 Often our friendships feel superficial because they are built on a foundation of gossip. This is because it’s human nature to focus on a third person when we are anxious. We share spicy updates about former classmates with our high school friends, or grab a drink with colleagues and complain about the boss. But a friendship built on gossip can leave both people feeling exhausted and depressed after they hang out. If a friend starts to give you updates on other people you know, it can be helpful to say, “I want to hear about what’s going on with you.” Or you can ask yourself, “What would I share about myself if I were with my best friend right now?” 9 Be curious about who people are, and who they want to be 10 . They are also able to share their struggles without fear of judgment. A great way to deepen a friendship is to ask someone, “What has been challenging for you the last year?” Or “What’s a belief you have thathas changed over the course of your life?” These are questions we rarely ask each other, but they reveal so much about who we are, and who we’re trying to be. A．Focus on the gossip B．Cut back on the gossip C．Then jump to the heart of things D．Rather than sticking with superficial chatter, go straight to what excites you E．True friends strive to know each other’s thinking about difficult subjects F．But the process of building these relationships can prove slow and frustrating G．Ask yourself what’s worth sharing about yourself and knowing about others 【答案】6．F 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些快速建立友谊的方法。 6．根据上文“Many people desire stronger, truer friendships as an adult.”（许多人成年后渴望更牢固、更真实 的友谊。）以及后文“How do you leave out the embarrassing chit-chat stage and hit the fast-forward button on a possible friendship? I’ve learned a few things.”（你如何跳过尴尬的闲聊阶段，按下可能的友谊的快进键？我 学到了一些东西。）可知，后文提到了跳过尴尬的闲聊阶段，快速建立友谊，推测本句与上文构成转折， 指出建立友谊过程的困难。故F项“But the process of building these relationships can prove slow and frustrating”（但是建立这些关系的过程可能是缓慢而尴尬的。）符合语境，故选F项。 7．根据下文““What do you think is the best television finale of all time?” This is a great conversation starter as long as it interests you. And if the other person slowly backs away, then you’ve just saved yourself hours of chatting.”（“你认为有史以来最好的电视大结局是什么？”只要你感兴趣，这是一个很好的开场白。）可 知，后文主要建议聊自己感兴趣的内容。故D项“Rather than sticking with superficial chatter, go straight to what excites you”（与其坚持肤浅的喋喋不休，不如直接说些让你兴奋的事情）引出下文，符合语境，故选 D项。 8．根据下文内容“Often our friendships feel shallow because they are based on gossip. It’s human nature to focus on a third person to relieve our stress. We share spicy updates about former classmates with our high school friends, or have a drink with colleagues and complained about the boss. But a friendship built on gossip can leave both people feeling exhausted and upset after they hang out.”（我们的友谊常常因为建立在流言蜚语的基础上 而显得肤浅。把注意力集中在第三者身上来缓解压力是人类的天性。我们和高中同学分享以前同学的趣事， 或者和同事喝酒抱怨老板。但是，建立在八卦基础上的友谊可能会让双方在出去玩后都感到疲惫和沮 丧。）可知，本段给出的建议是通过少说流言蜚语来建立友谊，B项“Cut back on the gossip”（少说流言蜚 语。）可概括本段内容，符合语境，故选B项。 9．根据上文“If a friend starts to give you updates on other people you know, it can be helpful to say, “I want to hear about what’s going on with you.” Or you can ask yourself, “What would I share about myself if I were with my best friend right now?””（如果一个朋友开始告诉你你认识的其他人的最新情况，你可以这样说：“我想 听听你最近的情况。”或者你可以问自己，“如果我现在和我最好的朋友在一起，我会分享关于我自己的什么？”）可知，空处应承接上文，说明接下来要分享的内容。故C项“Then jump to the heart of things” （然后直接跳到你想分享的事情的核心。）符合语境，故选C项。 10．根据下文“They are also able to share their struggles without fear of judgement. A great way to deepen a friendship is to ask someone, “What has been challenging for you the last year?” Or “What’s a belief you have that has changed over the course of your life?” These are questions we seldom ask each other, but they reveal so much about who we are, and who we’re trying to be.”（他们也能够分享自己的挣扎，而不用担心被评判。加深友谊 的一个好方法就是问对方：“去年你遇到了什么挑战？”或者，“在你的一生中，你有什么信念发生了改 变？”这些都是我们很少问对方的问题，但它们揭示了我们是谁，我们想成为什么样的人。）可知，后文 提到了分享各自的挣扎，以及对问题的看法，故E项“True friends strive to know each other’s thinking about difficult subjects”（真正的朋友会试着了解对方对难题的想法。）引出下文，符合语境，故选E项。 Passage 2 （2024·河南·二模）We all know someone who seems unable to control their spending or make good financial decisions. When that person is someone you care about, it’s understandable to want to help them better manage their money. 11 If you feel a little out of your depth, let’s take a look at some ways to help out a loved one who isn’t great with their money, without making anyone uncomfortable. Listen without judgment. 12 Rather than coming at someone with criticism or lecturing, try having an open conversation to better understand their underlying feelings and perceptions about money so you can determine the best ways to help. Help them set financial goals. Ask how they would like their financial situation to be different in an ideal world. 13 Write these down and determine what initial steps they can take to start working towards these goals. Offer to periodically review progress without judgment. Remember that you’re not their financial advisor, but an accountability buddy. 14 Provide tools that help build financial literacy at their own pace. There are plenty of trusty apps that can give your finances a boost. Other resources could include books, articles, budgeting apps, online courses, or even offering to meet with a financial advisor together to discuss developing better money management habits. The most constructive thing you can do is help the person build discipline and skills slowly through sympathetic support. At the same time，protect your own peace by setting financial boundaries for yourself. Avoid criticism or control, and focus on boosting confidence along their journey towards good money management. 15 A．Give encouragement. B．Share educational resources. C．Why should they take steps to set financial goals? D．What specific goals and time frames can you set together? E．However，simply telling them to manage their money carefully is ineffective. F．When it comes to anything money-related, tough love is rarely the way to go. G．With these help，almost anyone can become better at managing money over time. 【答案】11．E 12．F 13．D 14．B 15．G【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几点帮助不会理财的人的方法。 11．上文“When that person is someone you care about, it’s understandable to want to help them better manage their money.(如果那个人是你关心的人，想要帮助他们更好地管理他们的钱是可以理解的。)”提到了要帮助 你关心的人理财，E选项“然而，仅仅告诉他们要小心理财是无效的。”与上文构成转折关系。故选E项。 12．下文“Rather than coming at someone with criticism or lecturing, try having an open conversation to better understand their underlying feelings and perceptions about money so you can determine the best ways to help.(与 其对某人进行批评或说教，不如试着进行一次公开的对话，更好地了解他们对金钱的潜在感受和看法，这 样你就能决定最好的帮助方式。)”提到了批评或说教不如公开对话，选项F中tough love是关键词与下文的 criticism or lecturing呼应，所以F选项“当涉及到任何与金钱有关的事情时，严厉的爱很少是正确的。” 与下文构成顺承关系。故选F项。 13．下文“Write these down and determine what initial steps they can take to start working towards these goals. (把这些写下来，并确定他们可以采取哪些初步步骤来开始朝着这些目标努力。)”提到了目标和步骤，D选 项“你能设定什么具体的目标和时间框架?”能引起下文，与下文构成顺承关系。故选D项。 14．下文“Provide tools that help build financial literacy at their own pace. There are plenty of trusty apps that can give your finances a boost.(提供工具，帮助他们按照自己的节奏建立金融知识。有很多值得信赖的应用 程序可以改善你的财务状况。)”提到了共享教育资源的重要性，所以B选项“共享教育资源”能概括下文 内容，适合用作段首的主题句。故选B项。 15．上文“The most constructive thing you can do is help the person build discipline and skills slowly through sympathetic support. At the same time, protect your own peace by setting financial boundaries for yourself. Avoid criticism or control, and focus on boosting confidence along their journey towards good money management.(你能 做的最有建设性的事情就是通过同情的支持来帮助这个人慢慢建立纪律和技能。与此同时，通过为自己设 定财务界限来保护自己的安宁。避免批评或控制，专注于增强他们在理财之路上的信心。)”提到了对不会 理财的人的帮助，所以G选项“有了这些帮助，随着时间的推移，几乎每个人都能更好地管理金钱。”能 总结上文内容，同时也是对全文内容的总结。故选G项。 Passage 3 （2024·河南郑州·三模）Several years ago, I experienced daily severe headaches that made me want to bang my head against a brick wall. I was desperate to find a cure. 16 In my hopelessness, my father suggested acupuncture (针灸), a treatment he had experienced in Hong Kong. It had successfully relieved his lower back pain when other treatments and medicines had failed. With limited exposure to traditional Chinese medicine, I decided to give acupuncture a try. With no particular expectations, I found myself in the office of a middle-aged woman, surrounded by Chinese herbal medicines. After explaining my issue, she placed 3 fingers on my wrist to feel my heartbeat. 17 Soon, she took out the needles, which made me somewhat uneasy as such objects typically make me uncomfortable. 18 To deal with my headaches, the treatment began on the back of my hand, far from my head. As the doctor gently handled the needles, I got the feeling that something was flowing throughout my entire body. The doctor then continued to tap and move more needles across my body. The electricity was turned on, andthe doctor left the room. 19 Around the 5-minute mark, the doctor returned and adjusted the electricity level. A moment later, before I knew it, she turned off the electricity and removed the needles, marking an end to the 20-minute process. She then gave me some herbal medicine to take for 5 days. I returned to the doctor for a total of 10 sessions, and each time the same routine was repeated and the same herbal medicine was given. The true benefits of the acupuncture treatment became clear: I remained free of headaches for 2 years. 20 If you’ve experienced similar conditions, I highly recommend trying it. A．At last, my efforts paid off. B．I now strongly advocate acupuncture. C．I was then guided to a room and told to lie down. D．Despite trying different solutions, nothing worked. E．My initial experience with acupuncture was quite surprising. F．Though it may seem scary, the acupuncture cured my back pain. G．Lying still, I could sense the electricity flowing throughout my body. 【答案】16．D 17．C 18．E 19．G 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者因长期遭受严重头痛困扰而尝试针灸治疗的经历。文中详细描述 了从接受针灸建议、初次诊疗过程、治疗中的感受，到最终症状缓解并推荐他人尝试的过程。 16．由上文“Several years ago, I experienced daily severe headaches that made me want to bang my head against a brick wall. I was desperate to find a cure. (几年前，我每天都会经历剧烈的头痛，让我想把头往砖墙上撞。 我非常渴望找到治疗方法。)”可知，这里在描述作者头痛的困境以及寻找治疗方法的急迫性。D选项 “Despite trying different solutions, nothing worked. (尽管尝试了不同的解决办法，但都没有奏效。)”能够承 接上文，表明作者在尝试多种方法无果后的绝望状态。故选D。 17．由上文“After explaining my issue, she placed 3 fingers on my wrist to feel my heartbeat. (在解释了我的问 题后，她用三个手指按在我的手腕上感受我的脉搏。)”可知，接下来的逻辑应是叙述初次体验针灸的过程。 根据下文“Soon, she took out the needles, which made me somewhat uneasy as such objects typically make me uncomfortable. (很快，她取出了针，这让我有些不安，因为这样的东西通常会让我不舒服。)”可知，本空描 写医生感受脉搏后和取针之间的事情，C选项“I was then guided to a room and told to lie down. (然后我被引 导到一个房间并被告知躺下。)”能够很好地承上启下，是对前文情境的延续。故选C。 18．由下文“To deal with my headaches, the treatment began on the back of my hand, far from my head. (为了治 疗头痛，我从远离头部的手背开始治疗。)”可知，为了治疗头痛，我从远离头部的手背开始治疗，这让人 很吃惊，E选项“My initial experience with acupuncture was quite surprising. (我最初的针灸经验非常令人惊 讶。)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选E。 19．由上文“The electricity was turned on, and the doctor left the room. (电打开了，医生离开了房间。)”和下 文“Around the 5-minute mark, the doctor returned and adjusted the electricity level. (大约5分钟的时候，医生 回来调整了电的水平。)”可知，此处应描述作者在接受电针治疗时的感受。G选项“Lying still, I could sense the electricity flowing throughout my body. (静静地躺着，我能感觉到电流流遍全身。)”能承上启下，符合语境，故选G。 20．由上文“I returned to the doctor for a total of 10 sessions, and each time the same routine was repeated and the same herbal medicine was given. The true benefits of the acupuncture treatment became clear: I remained free of headaches for 2 years. (我一共看了10次医生，每次都重复同样的程序，给的是同样的草药。针灸治疗的 真正好处变得很明显：我两年没有头痛了。)”和下文“If you’ve experienced similar conditions, I highly recommend trying it. (如果你经历过类似的情况，我强烈建议你尝试一下。)”可知，治疗的效果显著，作者 两年来没有头痛，并推荐有类似情况的人尝试针灸。B选项“I now strongly advocate acupuncture. (我现在 强烈倡导针灸。)”作为总结性语句，强调了针灸治疗的成功及其对作者的影响，适合放在最后作为对全文 经历的总结，并引出对读者的建议，能承上启下，符合语境。故选B。 Passage 4 （2024·江西·二模）We often see that some of our friends always appear relaxed. 21 This is because they are better organized than us. If we want to lead a well-organized life, some habits have to be cultivated purposefully. A place for everything and everything in its place When we are lazy or in a hurry, we keep our things in the wrong place. 22 To lead an organized life, we should make sure to put things back in their proper place. Avoid multitasking When we are trying to do more than one thing at a time, we cannot concentrate on our work properly, resulting in poor performance. 23 For example, while doing our homework, if we keep our mobile phone within our reach and keep on replying to friends’ messages, our quality of work will suffer. Plan ahead Planning ahead is an important characteristic of an organized personality. But we should be realistic in our plans. 24 Practically, planning our daily, weekly and even monthly goals and trying our best to achieve them will make life more organized and tasks more manageable for us. Value your time Another key to leading a well-organized life is to manage your time in the most fruitful way. Giving in to temptation usually results in wasted hours which we regret later on. The famous columnist Harvey MacKay said, ”Time is free, but it’s priceless. 25 “ A．Then we have to waste lots of precious time and energy searching for them. B．They are not nervous during examinations and seem to enjoy life better than us. C．Once you’ve lost it, you can never get it back. D．The fewer things we have, the easier it will be to manage them. E．They follow some rules which lead to a more successful life. F．There are times when we find a big part of what we aimed to do is left undone. G．We should be clear about what has to be done and what is just wasting time. 【答案】21．B 22．A 23．G 24．F 25．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了想过一个有条理的生活，需要培养的几个习惯。 21．根据上文“We often see that some of our friends always appear relaxed.”（我们经常看到我们的一些朋友 总是显得很放松）可知，选项承接上文说明他们在哪些方面显得很轻松。故B选项“他们考试时不紧张， 似乎比我们更享受生活”切题。relaxed呼应not nervous。故选B项。 22．根据上文“When we are lazy or in a hurry, we keep our things in the wrong place.”（当我们懒惰或匆忙时， 我们把东西放在错误的地方。）可知，选项承接上文说明乱放东西的后果。故A选项“那么我们不得不浪 费大量宝贵的时间和精力去寻找它们。”切题。故选A项。 23．根据上文“When we are trying to do more than one thing at a time, we cannot concentrate on our work properly, resulting in poor performance.”（当我们试图同时做多件事时，我们无法正确地集中精力，导致表现 不佳。）可知，选项承接上文说明如何解决上述问题。故G选项“我们应该清楚什么是必须做的，什么是 浪费时间的”切题。故选G项。 24．根据上文“Planning ahead is an important characteristic of an organized personality. But we should be realistic in our plans”（提前计划是有条理的人的一个重要特征。但我们的计划应该实际一些）可知，选项 承接上文说明为什么要实际一些。故F选项“有时候，我们会发现自己的目标有很大一部分没有完成”切 题。故选F项。 25．根据标题“Value your time”（珍惜时间）以及“The famous columnist Harvey MacKay said, ”Time is free, but it’s priceless.”（著名专栏作家哈维·麦凯说:“时间是免费的，但它是无价的。）可知，选项与劝诫人 们珍惜时间有关。故C选项“一旦失去了，就再也找不回来了”切题。故选C项。 Passage 5 （2024·河南·模拟预测）We often hear very bad statistics about the destruction of the Amazon. 26 One Amazonian Indian tribe (部落) every year has disappeared since 1900. Unless something is done to prevent it, the Amazon will be totally destroyed in fifty years’ time. 27 Although it is being destroyed by big farmers and logging (伐木) companies, the biggest cause of its destruction is the cutting down of trees by thousands of small-scale farmers. 28 They cut down trees of the rainforest to grow crops to make money. The soil of the Amazon is perfect for plants as long as there are trees. It is the trees that recycle the nutrients that make the Amazon suitable for growing food. When the farmers cut down the trees, the soil can only support crops for one or two years. 29 Logging is the second biggest cause of the destruction of the rainforest. A lot of the trees are taken for firewood, charcoal, or for making furniture. Not only are these trees destroyed, but the trees around them are also destroyed to make way for the roads and tracks needed to take the wood away. Large areas of forest have also been cut down to free land for cattle farming. 30 And the ranchers (牧场主) move on. More trees will be sure to disappear because of their cattle. Most of the rainforest lies within Brazil. Fortunately, it is beginning to bring more laws to protect its rainforest. A．Again the land cannot support them for long. B．So they have to move on, and cut down more trees. C．The problem involves organizations and governments.D．The trees are often considered important to big farmers. E．Poverty forces people to leave the cities and look for land. F．An area of rainforest, the size of Belgium, is cut down annually. G．The true key factors causing damage to the rainforest is not as you imagine. 【答案】26．F 27．G 28．E 29．B 30．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了亚马逊雨林遭到破坏的原因。 26．根据上文“We often hear very bad statistics about the destruction of the Amazon.(我们经常听到关于亚马逊 雨林遭到破坏的糟糕统计数据)”以及下文“One Amazonian Indian tribe (部落) every year has disappeared since 1900.(自1900年以来，每年都有一个亚马逊印第安部落消失)”可知，本句承接上文，具体说明亚马逊雨林 遭到破坏的情况。故F项“每年有相当于比利时面积的热带雨林被砍伐。”符合语境。故选F。 27．根据下文“Although it is being destroyed by big farmers and logging (伐木) companies, the biggest cause of its destruction is the cutting down of trees by thousands of small-scale farmers.(虽然它正在被大农场主和伐木公 司破坏，但其破坏的最大原因是成千上万的小农砍伐树木)”可知，后文主要论述了森林被破坏的原因。故 G项“造成雨林被破坏的真正的关键因素并不像你想象的那样。”符合语境。故选G。 28．根据上文“Although it is being destroyed by big farmers and logging (伐木) companies, the biggest cause of its destruction is the cutting down of trees by thousands of small-scale farmers.(虽然它正在被大农场主和伐木公 司破坏，但其破坏的最大原因是成千上万的小农砍伐树木)”可知，造成森林被破坏的最大原因是成千上万 的小规模农户砍伐树木；再根据下文“They cut down trees of the rainforest to grow crops to make money.(他 们砍伐雨林的树木来种植农作物来赚钱)”可知，后文提到看法雨林是为了赚钱，说明是贫困导致的，故E 项“贫困迫使人们离开城市去寻找土地。”符合语境。故选E。 29．根据上文“When the farmers cut down the trees, the soil can only support crops for one or two years.(当农民 砍倒树木时，土壤只能支持作物一到两年)”可知，上文土壤只能支持农作物一到两年，说明接下来土壤无 法使用，农民要搬走来取得其他土地种植粮食。故B项“农民不得不继续搬走，到另外的地方砍更多的树 以获取土地种粮食。”符合语境。故选B。 30．根据上文“Large areas of forest have also been cut down to free land for cattle farming.(大面积的森林也被 砍伐，腾出土地用于养牛)”以及下文“And the ranchers (牧场主) move on. More trees will be sure to disappear because of their cattle.(牧场主们继续前行。更多的树木肯定会因为他们的牛而消失)”可知，大面积的森林被 砍伐，腾出的土地用于养牛，但这片土地又不能长久地供养这些牛，因此，牧场主又得搬走，导致更多的 树木被砍伐掉。A选项“这片土地又不能长久地支持他们”符合语境，故选A。 Passage 6 （2024·四川德阳·模拟预测）How to make a vision board We all have hopes and dreams, and each person tries to achieve them in their own way. Some may start journaling, while others have different methods. This could include creating a vision board. Here is what you need to know about vision boards and how to make your own. A vision board is a collection of images and quotes that symbolize someone’s dreams, aspirations and ideals.This could include a landscape of the city you want to live in or the model of a new car you really want to buy. 31 A vision board can suit to a specific goal, such as getting a dream job, or they can overview a series of things you’re aiming for, including having good finances and a healthy relationship. Vision boards can be made in many ways. There is no right or wrong choice to start visualizing your goals. 32 It could be the European summer trip you’ve always dreamed of or it may be taking control of your life’s situation. You may also choose to set a timeline for yourself to further visualize your ambitions. 33 Vision boards can be done digitally or physically. For a digital vision board, you can create it on PowerPoint, Google Slides or websites. On a blank template (模版), begin to add photos, quotes and words that will inspire you to reach your goal. For example, if you want to travel more, find images of the locations. If you want to improve your self-confidence, include encouraging quotes. The same advice goes if you’re making a physical vision board. For this, you want to get a poster, picture frame or any kind of base. Similar to the other, you want to set a goal and gather materials. In this case, you’ll need to print out images and quotes first. You may also choose to write words of affirmation or include your own photos. 34 No matter what format you use, be sure to put your vision board somewhere you can see it, such as on your desk or as your phone background. 35 It is important to remember while vision boards are fun, do not hold yourself to an unrealistic standard of success. When you do have triumphs, they may not look exactly how you planned them. A．The best place to start, however, is to set your ambitions. B．Then make your picture by gluing or taping the materials on the base. C．Vision boards are only for achieving short-term goals, not long-term ambitions. D．Once you narrow down what you want to achieve, it’s time to pick your format. E．Creating a vision board requires expensive materials and professional assistance. F．These photos and words are meant to inspire and motivate you to achieve these goals. G．The more you see your visualized goals, the more likely you may be to work toward them. 【答案】31．F 32．A 33．D 34．B 35．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了如何制作愿景板。 31．根据上文“A vision board is a collection of images and quotes that symbolize someone’s dreams, aspirations and ideals. This could include a landscape of the city you want to live in or the model of a new car you really want to buy.”（愿景板是一组图像和语录的集合，象征着一个人的梦想、愿望和理想。这可以包括你想要居住的 城市的风景，或者你想买的新车模型。）可知，选项承接上文说明这些照片和文字的作用是什么。故F选 项“这些照片和文字是为了激励你实现这些目标”切题。故选F项。 32．根据上文“There is no right or wrong choice to start visualizing your goals.”（ 开始设想你的目标没有对 错之分）以及下文“It could be the European summer trip you’ve always dreamed of or it may be taking control of your life’s situation.”（它可能是你一直梦想的欧洲夏季旅行，也可能是你生活的主宰。）可知，选项承 上启下说明目标应该是什么。A项中ambitions呼应下文European summer trip和it may be taking control ofyour life’s situation。故A选项“然而，最好的起点是设定你的抱负”切题。故选A项。 33．根据下文“Vision boards can be done digitally or physically. For a digital vision board, you can create it on PowerPoint, Google Slides or websites.”（愿景板可以是数字化的，也可以是实体的。对于数字视觉板，你可 以在PowerPoint、谷歌幻灯片或网站上创建它。）可知，本段话题是愿景板的格式问题。故D选项“一旦 你缩小了你想要达到的目标，就该选择你的格式了。”切题。故选D项。 34．根据上文“In this case, you’ll need to print out images and quotes first. You may also choose to write words of affirmation or include your own photos.”（在这种情况下，您需要首先打印出图像和引用。你也可以选择 写一些肯定的话或附上你自己的照片。）可知，选项与上文为并列关系，说明制作愿景板的步骤。故B选 项“然后用胶水或胶带把材料粘在底座上，制作你的图片。”切题。故选B项。 35．根据上文“No matter what format you use, be sure to put your vision board somewhere you can see it, such as on your desk or as your phone background.”（无论你使用什么格式，一定要把你的愿景板放在你能看到的 地方，比如你的桌子上或你的手机背景上。）可知，选项承接上文说明上文要达到的目的。故G选项“你 看到的可视化目标越多，你就越有可能朝着它们努力”切题。故选G项。 Passage 7 （2024·广东梅州·模拟预测）One of Pulitzer Prize-winning journalists Charles Duhigg published a new book, in which he concluded common characteristics of “supercommunicators”— people who are consistently able to create authentic connections with others just by listening and talking. 6 Here is a set of skills recommended by Duhigg that can help you. 7 If you are having a practical conversation, be ready to give good advice. If you are engaging in emotional discussions seeking empathy, you may show your support by being a good listener. If you’re in a social dialogue reflecting how we see others and how other people see us, be mindful of the different perspectives each person brings to the table and seek common ground. Prove we’re listening. There are plenty of ways to appear like you’re listening, like making eye contact or nodding intently. But proving to someone that you’re listening is the quickest road to making someone feel heard. 8 Next, repeat back in your own words what they just told you. Lastly, ask your conversation partner if you got what they said correct. Ask the right questions. Ask follow-up questions that signal to the other person that you’re interested in the conversation, like “So did you make it on time?” or “What happened next?” Ask questions like people’s values, beliefs or experiences and spark an opportunity for emotional connection. 9 When in doubt, just ask “why.’ People love to talk about how they see the world. Aim to understand. The goal of a discussion isn’t to impress someone, convince someone or wait for their turn to speak. It’s to genuinely comprehend someone else’s point of view and share your own views accordingly. If people know you want to understand them, they’re going to want to understand you. 1 0 A．Realize what are the real questions. B．Do you want to be a supercommunicator? C．These deep questions get people to open up. D．It is not that easy to be a supercommunicators.E．Know what kind of conversation you’re having. F．That is actually the most magical thing that can happen. G．Ask someone a question first and then listen to their response. 【答案】6．B 7．E 8．G 9．C 10．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了Charles Duhigg提出的“超级沟通者”的共同特征即有效的倾 听和提问，并提出了一系列可以帮助读者成为更好沟通者的技巧。 6．根据上文的“One of Pulitzer Prize-winning journalists Charles Duhigg published a new book, in which he concluded common characteristics of “supercommunicators”— people who are consistently able to create authentic connections with others just by listening and talking. (普利策奖得主之一的记者Charles Duhigg出版了一本新书， 他在书中总结了“超级沟通者”的共同特征——那些始终能够通过倾听和交谈与他人建立真实联系的人。) 和下文的“Here is a set of skills recommended by Duhigg that can help you.(这里是Charles Duhigg推荐的一套 技能，可以帮助到你。)”可知，B项(你想成为一个超级沟通者吗？)承接上文，说明了作为超级沟通者是有 好处的，下文作为过渡句引出后文的具体技巧，故选B项。 7．根据下文的“If you are having a practical conversation, be ready to give good advice. If you are engaging in emotional discussions seeking empathy, you may show your support by being a good listener. If you’re in a social dialogue reflecting how we see others and how other people see us, be mindful of the different perspectives each person brings to the table and seek common ground.(如果你正在进行一场实际的对话，准备好给出好的建议。 如果你参与情感讨论寻求共鸣，你可以通过做一个好的倾听者来表达你的支持。如果你正在进行一场反映 我们如何看待他人和他人如何看待我们的社交对话，请注意每个人带来的不同观点，并寻求共同点。)”可 知，本段列举出了三种对话类型，E项(要知道你们在进行什么样的对话。)可以作为话题句，能够概括本 段内容，指出了要清楚对话类型才能采取对应的策略，故选E项。 8．根据上文的“Prove we’re listening. There are plenty of ways to appear like you’re listening, like making eye contact or nodding intently. But proving to someone that you’re listening is the quickest road to making someone feel heard. (证明我们在倾听。有很多方法可以让你看起来在倾听，比如眼神交流或专心点头。但向别人证 明你在倾听是让别人感到被倾听的最快途径。)”和下文的“Next, repeat back in your own words what they just told you. Lastly, ask your conversation partner if you got what they said correct.(接下来，用你自己的话重复他们 刚刚告诉你的话。最后，问问你的对话对象你是否理解对了。)”可知，G项(先问别人一个问题，然后听他 们的回答。)承接上文，指出了如何做好倾听，下文为做好倾听的第二步，故选G项。 9．根据上文的“Ask the right questions. Ask follow-up questions that signal to the other person that you’re interested in the conversation, like “So did you make it on time?” or “What happened next?” Ask questions like people’s values, beliefs or experiences and spark an opportunity for emotional connection.(问正确的问题。问一 些后续问题，让对方知道你对谈话感兴趣，比如“你准时到了吗？”或者“接下来发生了什么？”问一些 问题，比如人们的价值观、信仰或经历，激发情感联系的机会。)”和下文的“When in doubt, just ask “why” .People love to talk about how they see the world.(当你有疑问的时候，只要问“为什么”。“人们喜欢 谈论他们如何看待这个世界。)”可知，C项(这些深刻的问题让人们敞开心扉。)承接上文，说明了问深刻问题的好处，“these deep questions”指的是上文的“ people’s values, beliefs or experiences”提到的有关问题， 下文继续讲述如何保持对话的有效进行，故选C项。 10．根据上文的“Aim to understand. The goal of a discussion isn’t to impress someone, convince someone or wait for their turn to speak. It’s to genuinely comprehend someone else’s point of view and share your own views accordingly. If people know you want to understand them, they’re going to want to understand you.(以理解为目标。 讨论的目的不是为了给某人留下深刻印象，说服某人或等着轮到他们说话。它是真正理解别人的观点，并 据此分享你自己的观点。如果人们知道你想要理解他们，他们也会想要理解你。)”可知，F项(这实际上是 最神奇的事情。)承接上文，说明了人们有彼此理解的需求，一方想要深入理解对方时，也会使对方想要做 出同样的事情，故选F项。 Passage 8 （2024·安徽黄山·二模）At first glance, it seems to be Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer’s masterpiece Girl with a Pearl Earring. 1 Wearing two glowing earrings, there’s a slightly inhuman shade of red on the girl’s face. Look strange? 2 Chosen from 3,482 submitted images based on the Vermeer masterpiece, the Al- generated work was displayed at the Mauritshuis Museum in the Netherlands in March. The designer looked on the experience of literally replacing the famous painting by one of his AI images crazy and completely surreal. 3 Though Mauritshuis press officer Boris de Munnick insisted that it was a nice picture and a creative process, many people questioned whether it could be called art and if it was qualified to be shown in the museum gallery. 4 It was regarded as a disrespect for the masterpiece of Vermeer and also for any working artist. In fact, this is not the first time that people have debated AI’s role in creativity. 5 But the technology has now become widely available for regular everyday use and the practice of using AI image generators to make art has become more common. A．Coming from a museum, it’s really embarrassing. B．However, the AI image raised a fierce argument. C．But look more closely and you may find something different about it. D．One common concern is whether AI-generated works break copyright laws. E．Dutch artist Iris Compiet described the image on display as almost Frankenstein-ish. F．It’s actually an image made by Berlin-based designer Julian van Dieken using artificial intelligence. G．The emergence of such AI works is believed by many to weaken the enthusiasm of artists with creative skills. 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．B 4．E 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家Julian van Dieken应用人工智能创造画作并展览。 1．由上文“At first glance, it seems to be Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer’s masterpiece Girl with a Pearl Earring. (乍一看，这似乎是荷兰画家约翰内斯·维米尔的杰作《戴珍珠耳环的少女》)”可知，这里描述这幅 画乍一看像名画，而C项But look more closely and you may find something different about it.(但仔细观察，你可能会发现一些不同之处。)符合语境，其中but表示和前文是转折关系，而后文也在解释something different的不同之处，所以本句有承上启下作用。故选C项。 2．由下文“Chosen from 3,482 submitted images based on the Vermeer masterpiece, the AI-generated work was displayed at the Mauritshuis Museum in the Netherlands in March. (这幅由AI创作的作品是根据维米尔的杰作 从3482幅提交的图像中挑选出来的，于3月在荷兰的Maurithuis博物馆展出 )”可知，这里主要讲这幅画是 用AI创造出来的。而F项It’s actually an image made by Berlin-based designer Julian van Dieken using artificial intelligence.(这实际上是柏林设计师Julian van Dieken利用人工智能制作的图像。)符合语境，其中using artificial intelligence与下文AI-generated work呼应，有启下作用。故选F项。 3．由下文 “Though Mauritshuis press officer Boris de Munnick insisted that it was a nice picture and a creative process, many people questioned whether it could be called art and if it was qualified to be shown in the museum gallery. (尽管Mauritshuis新闻官Boris de Munnick坚称这是一幅很好的画，也是一个创作过程，但许多人质 疑它是否可以被称为艺术，以及它是否有资格在博物馆画廊展出)”可知，此处主要讲人们对这幅画存在争 议。而B项However, the AI image raised a fierce argument.(然而，人工智能图像引发了激烈的争论。)符合语 境，其中a fierce argument与下文内容呼应，有启下作用。故选B项。 4．由下文“It was regarded as a disrespect for the masterpiece of Vermeer and also for any working artist.(这被认 为是对维米尔杰作的不尊重，也是对任何艺术家的不尊重)”可知，这里主要讲一些人不认可这幅画，而E 项Dutch artist Iris Compiet described the image on display as almost Frankenstein-ish.(荷兰艺术家Iris Compiet 将展出的画描述为几乎是弗兰肯斯坦式的（科学怪人样的）)符合语境，其中 the image on display为后文it 的指代内容，所以本句话有启下作用。故选E项。 5．由下文“But the technology has now become widely available for regular everyday use and the practice of using AI image generators to make art has become more common.(但这项技术现在已经广泛用于日常生活，使 用人工智能图像生成器制作艺术的做法也变得越来越普遍)”可知，这里讲这项技术现在已经广泛用于日常 生活，而G项The emergence of such AI works is believed by many to weaken the enthusiasm of artists with creative skills.(许多人认为，此类人工智能作品的出现削弱了具有创作技能的艺术家的热情。)符合语境，这 里主要讲人工智能作品的弊端，与后文形成对比关系。故选G项。 Passage 9 （2024·吉林·模拟预测）Colour Of The Season: Sky Blue Bring the outdoors into your home this year with the colour of the season: sky blue. This timeless hue (色彩) works well throughout the home, whether it’s to lighten up a hallway or add a sense of calm to a bedroom. 6 . From wall paint to furniture, cushions, and bedding, people are fully embracing this colour trend. John Lewis has reported online searches for “sky blue” are up 137 percent compared to this time last year, with blue furnishings proving to be popular buys. 7 Big on blue, colour specialist Melanie Archer shares her interiors (室内装饰) expertise, from why we should adopt the blue trend to how we can easily integrate it into our home. Blue is a brilliant interior colour; it comes in a wide range of shades and works well layered into existing schemes to give a fresh, new feel. 8 but works with traditional styling too. As the colour blue has a connection to nature, it works well in a hallway, linking outdoor and indoor spaces.9 , for it’s a peaceful and friendly color. Blue is also a great colour for a living room and kitchen. Paler shades work well for opening up the space, creating a clean and fresh atmosphere, while darker shades can add drama and impact. 10 . It is known that they can assist in lowering heart rate and blood pressure. Think blue and think of the ocean, so it is a wonderful choice for a bathroom to create a relaxing spa-like look and feel. Uplifting and calming, lighten your home with this beautiful shade. A．It is perfect to welcome your guests B．It’s a colour that feels modern and fresh C．Blue pairs well with a variety of building materials D．Additionally, pale shades are particularly effective in bedrooms E．There’s no surprise then, that it’s seen massive popularity lately F．He has introduced a family of blues this season G．Adding touches of warmth will make your space feel welcoming to the eye 【答案】6．E 7．F 8．B 9．A 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了当季流行色彩——天蓝色，并提供了如何将这种色彩融入家居装 饰的建议，包括其对心情和空间感知的正面影响。 6．由上文“Bring the outdoors into your home this year with the colour of the season: sky blue. This timeless hue (色彩) works well throughout the home, whether it’s to lighten up a hallway or add a sense of calm to a bedroom. (今年，用季节的颜色——天蓝色，将户外的氛围带进您的家中。这种永恒的色彩在整个家都很好用，无论 是照亮走廊还是为卧室增添平静的感觉。)”和下文“From wall paint to furniture, cushions, and bedding, people are fully embracing this colour trend. (从墙漆到家具、靠垫和床上用品，人们完全接受了这种色彩趋 势。)”可知，天蓝色大受欢迎，选项E“There’s no surprise then, that it’s seen massive popularity lately (因此， 它最近大受欢迎也就不足为奇了)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。 7．由上文“John Lewis has reported online searches for “sky blue” are up 137 percent compared to this time last year, with blue furnishings proving to be popular buys. (据约翰·刘易斯报道，与去年同期相比，“天蓝色”的 在线搜索量增长了137%，蓝色家具被证明是受欢迎的购买对象。)”可知，本空继续谈论约翰·刘易斯和 “天蓝色”家具产品有关话题。因此，选项F“He has introduced a family of blues this season (本季度，他推 出了一系列蓝色系产品。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 8．由上文“Blue is a brilliant interior colour; it comes in a wide range of shades and works well layered into existing schemes to give a fresh, new feel. (蓝色是一种明亮的室内颜色；它有各种各样的色调，可以很好地 分层到现有的方案中，给人一种清新的感觉。)”可知，此处需要接续对蓝色作为室内装饰色彩的描述，强 调其清新的感觉。选项B“It’s a colour that feels modern and fresh (这是一种现代而清新的颜色)”能承接上文， 且与下文“but works with traditional styling too (但也适用于传统的造型)”构成转折。故选B。 9．由上文“As the colour blue has a connection to nature, it works well in a hallway, linking outdoor and indoor spaces. (由于蓝色与自然有联系，它在走廊中效果很好，连接了室外和室内空间。)”可知，蓝色适合用于连 接室内外空间的走廊。因此，本空要说这样装饰的作用，选项A“It is perfect to welcome your guests (它非常 适合迎接你的客人)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选A。 10．由下文“It is known that they can assist in lowering heart rate and blood pressure. Think blue and think of theocean, so it is a wonderful choice for a bathroom to create a relaxing spa-like look and feel. (众所周知，它们可以 帮助降低心率和血压。想到蓝色，想到海洋，所以它是一个很好的选择，为浴室创造一个放松的水疗一样 的外观和感觉。)”可知，下文提到的降低心率和血压，可知这里在讲述蓝色在卧室中的应用，因为它有助 于创造一个宁静的环境。因此，选项D“Additionally, pale shades are particularly effective in bedrooms (此外， 浅色调在卧室中特别有效)”与下文中的放松效果相呼应，也指出了淡蓝色在私人空间如卧室中的优势。故 选D。 Passage 10 （2024·安徽·三模）In today’s world of digital distractions (分心物), the thought of taking your kids to an art gallery might seem a thankless and impossible challenge. Surely a child won’t have the patience to stare at something for long. 1 . Being exposed to art, however, holds profound significance for the development of young minds, both intellectually and emotionally. 2 . Each painting, sculpture, or photograph in art galleries tells a story, inviting young viewers to interpret and connect with it on a personal level. But with many kids being extremely picky eaters, and galleries seeming as appetizing as yesterday’s porridge, how can we get them to tuck (狂吃) in? 3 . I firmly believe art galleries can be great fun if we set out with the intention of making them so. First, why not let your children enjoy art on their own terms? Who said that walking around a gallery had to be slow, stopping to look at every picture? 4 . If they want to head straight for a certain display, let them. If something catches their eye on the other side of the room, that’s absolutely fine. 5 . What really matters in a gallery is that children build a connection with art, for whatever reason. To encourage this, you can make it into a game, either with or without a reward, with simple questions like, “Who can guess the artist?” I did this many times with my children and always found it to enhance their interest. A．Let them determine the pace B．Make the art gallery fit in with your kids C．Turning art into a game is another trick D．The answer is to approach them with fresh eyes E．It is a crying shame that they are least-visited attractions F．It allows children opportunities to engage in diverse perspectives and cultures G．It’s understandable to think of art galleries as anything but child-friendly places 【答案】1．G 2．F 3．D 4．A 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了带孩子参观美术馆的好处，有助于智力和情感发展，通过让孩子自 主探索和将艺术变成游戏，可以增强他们对艺术的兴趣。 1．上文“In today’s world of digital distractions (分心物), the thought of taking your kids to an art gallery might seem a thankless and impossible challenge. ”（在当今这个充斥着各种数字分心物的世界里，带孩子去美术馆 看画似乎是一个既费力又不可能完成的挑战。）说明带孩子去美术馆看画似乎是不可能完成的挑战。G项 中的“anything but child-friendly places”与上文“impossible challenge”相呼应，G项“把美术馆想象成一个 不适合儿童的地方是可以理解的”符合题意。故选G项。2．上文“Being exposed to art, however, holds profound significance for the development of young minds, both intellectually and emotionally.”（然而，接触艺术对青少年的智力和情感发展都有着深远的意义。）表明接 触艺术对孩子有好处。F项中的“engage in diverse perspectives and cultures”与上文“profound significance” 相呼应，是好处的具体表现形式，且代词it指代上文中的“Being exposed to art”，F项“它使儿童有机会参 与不同的观点和文化”符合语境。故选F项。 3．上文“But with many kids being extremely picky eaters, and galleries seeming as appetizing as yesterday’s porridge, how can we get them to tuck (狂吃) in?”（但是，很多孩子都非常挑食，而长廊看起来就像昨天的粥 一样没有食欲，我们怎样才能让他们吃得津津有味呢？）提出问题：如何提高孩子对画廊的兴趣？D项中 的“answer”与上文问句相呼应，回答上句提出的问题，且“fresh eyes”与后文“the intention of making them so”一致，D项“答案是以全新的眼光接近他们”符合题意。故选D项。 4．上文“Who said that walking around a gallery had to be slow, stopping to look at every picture?”（谁说逛美 术馆一定要慢条斯理，每看一幅画都要停下来？）说明逛美术馆不一定要慢慢走，每一幅画都停下来。A 项中的“pace”与上文“slow”相呼应，A项“让他们决定节奏”符合题意。故选A项。 5．下文“To encourage this, you can make it into a game, either with or without a reward, with simple questions like, ‘Who can guess the artist?’”（为了鼓励这一点，你可以把它变成一个游戏，可以有奖励，也可以没有奖 励，可以问一些简单的问题，比如“谁能猜出是哪位艺术家？”）说明可以把参观美术馆的过程变成一个 游戏。C项中的“game”与下文“game”一致，且“another trick”与第四段中的“First”形成并列关系，C项 “把艺术变成游戏是另一个技巧”符合题意。故选C项。 2024年 Passage 1 【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. ____37____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. ____38____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____39____ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of theEnglish Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A. I don't often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. C. But I still don't want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. 【答案】36. F 37. B 38. E 39. A 40. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。 【36题详解】 上文“If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(如果你想发 表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语 法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.(这意味 着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。 【37题详解】 上文“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑 的拼写检查器;下文“Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old- fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词 典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体 书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes no account of the context.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。 【38题详解】 下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.(它应该给出每个单 词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到 了字典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)” 提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。 【39题详解】 下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better. (然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使 用情况，A选项“I don’t often use this dictionary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下 文构成转折关系。故选A项。 【40题详解】 上文“ “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work, ” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of ”dull".(约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作， 下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间 浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比， 与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。 Passage 2 【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help? Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___16___ Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. ●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. ___17___ ●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___18___ Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights? ● ___19___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. ___20___ You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there. A. Visit during off-peak times. B. So, should we stop traveling? C. Travel for you and no one else. D. Can overtourism be avoided then? E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it. G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. 【答案】16. B 17. C 18. E 19. A 20. G 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了如何避免“过度旅游”的现象。 【16题详解】 前文“Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.(旅游促进 理解，扩展我们的思想，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区，但旅游业的快速发展导致了某些地 区和目的地的过度旅游)”表明旅游带来了一些问题，后文“The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world.(在当今世界，失去旅行所能提供的东西将是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行，结合后文“Certainly not.(当然不)”可知，空处提问能否停止旅行，D选项“那么，我们应该停止旅行 吗？”符合语境。故选B。 【17题详解】 前文“Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多关于同一个地方的帖子，很 容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方)”表明不要跟风旅游，C 选项“为你而不是其他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时的感受，忠实自己的感受，不用管其余的建议， 符合语境。故选C。 【18题详解】 前文“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.(这意味着你有很多不太受欢迎的选择) 及后文“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?( 为什么不尝 试一个地区性的选择，或者看看一个热门目的地不太为人所知的景点呢)”提出建议，可以选择一些冷门的 景点，E选项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方”语境一致。故选E。 【19题详解】 空处为小标题，根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. (通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的 时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容。故选A。 【20题详解】 前文“Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.(尽你的一份力，从一开始就保 护一个目的地的特别之处)”表明旅游时应保护旅游景点，后文“You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.(你可能会惊讶地发现你和那里的人感觉如此亲近)”表示这样做的感受，G选项“考虑 回馈你所访问的社区”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。 Passage 3 【2024全国甲卷】What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. ____16____ But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. ____17____ It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full. Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. ____18____ Control emotional (情绪的) eating. ____19____ Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings. ____20____ A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy mealskeeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight. . A Eat properly throughout the day. B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger. C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work. D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now. G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. 【答案】16. F 17. C 18. E 19. B 20. A 【解析】 【16题详解】 上文“Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs, You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. (基本上，它意味着只吃你身体需要的食物，你应该在用餐结束时感到满足，但不要太 饱)”指出，进餐时不要吃太饱，吃东西要适量。下文“But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. (但这并不意味着要告别你喜欢的食物)”指出，适量进食不是要放弃吃自己喜欢的食物。F项“对我们 许多人来说，节制意味着比现在少吃。”解释了何为适量进食。承上启下，符合文意，选项中的“means” 与下文一致。故选F项。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Take your time. It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. (慢慢来。放慢脚步，把食物看作是有营养的东西，而不仅仅是会 议间隙吃的东西，这一点很重要)”可推知，本段主要建议读者吃东西要细嚼慢咽，不要过于急躁。C项 “上班路上不要狼吞虎咽。”承接上文。符合文意。故选C项。 【18题详解】 上文“It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. (如果你 已经准备好了不健康的零食，比如饼干，那么适量食用就更具挑战性了。)”指出，吃不健康的食物不利于 适度饮食，E项“相反，你应该选择健康的食物。”符合文意，建议读者选择健康的食物。选项中的 “healthy”与上文中的“unhealthy”相对应。故选E项。 【19题详解】 根据本段首句“Control emotional (情绪的) eating. (控制情绪化进食)”以及下文“Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom.(我们中的许多人也会求助于食物来处 理不愉快的情绪，如悲伤、孤独或无聊)”可推知，本段主要建议读者不要情绪化的进行暴饮暴食，要进行 健康饮食。B项“我们吃东西并不总是为了充饥。”指出有些人吃东西并不总是为了充饥，引出下文有些 人通过食物发泄情绪，符合语境。故选B项。 【20题详解】 设空处位于段首，总结全段，下文“A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eatingsmall, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day, Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. (健康的早餐可以启动你的新陈代谢，而吃少量健康的食物可以 让你一整天都精力充沛，避免在深夜进食。尽量早点吃晚饭，禁食14 — 16个小时，直到第二天早上吃早 餐。)”指出，我们在一天中的每个时间段都要健康饮食。A项“一整天都要适当饮食。”符合语境。故选 A项。 Passage 4 【2024北京卷】If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things. Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. ___35___ And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. ___36___ The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies. ___37___ Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. ___38___ They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don’t know. So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. ___39___ The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog. A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each. B. They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes. C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence. D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing. E. However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs. F. When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional. G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position. 【答案】35. G 36. C 37. D 38. F 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了拥有“刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式的两类人对于个 人和企业建立信誉度的优劣势。 【35题详解】 根据上文“Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes.(拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案)” 可 知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案，G项中They 指代上文中的Hedgehog，G项 “他们明确地站在一边或另一边，并全力支持自己的立场”说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人往往有明确 的立场，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。【36题详解】 根据上文“They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. (他们专注于一件 事并把它做得很好。他们知道自己擅长什么)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备优点，他们可以专 注于一件事并知道自己擅长什么。C项“因此，他们的优势是（头脑）清楚和自信”进一步说明拥有“刺 猬”型思维方式的人的优点，承接上文，符合语境。故选C。 【37题详解】 根据下文“He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. (他发现，拥有“刺猬”型思 维方式的人不仅比拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人更容易出错，而且当事情与他们的预测不相符时他们不太 可能意识到，也不太可能承认自己错了)”可知，此处介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的缺点。D项“但 是，把注意力集中在一件大事上可能会有不利的一面” 引出下文，介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具 备缺点，符合语境。故选D。 【38题详解】 根据上文“The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. (“狐狸”型思维方式的人的优势在 于，他们更有可能从更广泛的来源中寻找新信息，并且对不确定性和新信息感到舒适)”和下文“They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. (他们试图将其纳入自己的观点，而不 是将其排除在自己的思维之外)”可知，此处介绍拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人处理事情的方式。F项“当 某件事与他们的观点相矛盾时，他们不会把它当作例外”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。 【39题详解】 根据上文“The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. (这个问题可以用“像狐狸的刺猬”风格来 回答)”和下文“The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. (成为拥有“刺猬”型思维方 式的人还是拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人的选择是一种错误的权衡)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人 和拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人各有优势。A项“换句话说，两者都有其明显的优势”承上启下，符合语 境。故选A。 Passage 4 【2024浙江1月卷】In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. ___16___ But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you? ___17___ We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. ___18___ “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going. The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in person courses. ___19___ He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watchyour lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards. ___20___ A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts. A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. B. Your motivation should be your main concern. C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education? D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. 【答案】16. G 17. F 18. A 19. D 20. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在线学习的注意事项。 【16题详解】 由上文“In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. (在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学生活的重要组成部分)”可知，在线学习对大学生活很 重要，本空要说跟“这种现象的具体表现”有关的话题，故G选项“A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. (一项调查发现，29%的大学生注册了在线课程。)”能承接上文， 符合题意。故选G。 【17题详解】 由上文“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (但是所有的在线课程 都是平等的吗？你如何确定数字化学习适合你？)”可知，上文对在线课程提出疑问，本空可以继续提出疑 问，故F选项“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (如果你参加了在 线课程，你能做些什么来确保尽可能好的成绩？)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 【18题详解】 由上文“The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. (在线学习最 明显的优势是你可以随时随地学习)”可知，在线学习具备的优势是可以让你随时随地学习，本空要说跟 “学习时间”有关的话题，故A选项“But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. (但这并不意味着没有最 后期限。)”与上文构成转折关系，that指代上一句话，符合题意。故选A。 【19题详解】 由下文“He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. (他指出，他的在线学生最终的成绩 通常较低)”可知，本空要说跟“在线老师”有关的话题，故D选项“Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. (Alex Davidson教授亲自授课和在线授课)”能引起下文，下文中的He指代 D项中的“Alex Davidson教授”，符合题意。故选D。 【20题详解】由下文“A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in- person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts. (社会关系通常是学习的重要组成部分。你可 以做一些事情来缓解这个问题。本科生杰西卡·平克建议和朋友一起参加在线课程，这样你们就可以互相激 励，坚持下去。你也可以在课堂讨论板上找到学生，组织一个学习小组，或者安排与教授面对面的会议， 讨论课程概念)”可知，本空要说跟“人们之间的互动”有关的话题，故E选项“The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. (对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动。)”能 引起下文，符合题意。故选E。 2023年 Passage 1 【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____ You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. 【答案】16. D 17. B 18. F 19. C 20. G 【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强 自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。 【16题详解】根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过。)”可知，作者认为人 都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。)”中的“do this”以 及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项 D“It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要。)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。 【17题详解】 根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ”(在日记或纸上写上 “个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.(你有爱心吗？有创造 力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感 到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那 些是优点。故选B。 【18题详解】 根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.(在第二页的顶部， 写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作 业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。)”可知， 本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项 F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来。)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做 的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。 【19题详解】 根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以 及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。 选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境， C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.(你可以让朋友或 家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.(事实上， 不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。 故选C。 【20题详解】 根据空前内容“It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥 调。但事实是，这是真的。)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项 G“Whatever the mistake,remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一 面。)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种 积极的发展和成长的方式。)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。 故选G。 Passage 2 【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey. ·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ___16___ You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. ·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___17___ ·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___18___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online. ·___19___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. ___20___ Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. . A Get out of your comfort zone. B. Make career plans and set goals. C. Don’t throw away your beginner art. D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role. G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. 【答案】16. C 17. G 18. A 19. D 20. E 【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。 【16题详解】 根据前文“Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. (从小开始。我建议使用一个素描本 进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板)”以及后 文“You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. (你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅， 看看自己已经取得多少进步)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习 和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Don’t throw away your beginner art. (不要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品)”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。故选C项。 【17题详解】 分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段的总结，根据前文“Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. (经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是 绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画， 所以G项“You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. (你会逐渐形成只有通 过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)”是对前文的总结。故选G项。 【18题详解】 分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文 “Continually challenge yourself to try something new. (不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artistic growth can be a bit painful. (艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Get out of your comfort zone. (走出你 的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选A项。 【19题详解】 分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. (寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常 重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让 我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. (如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D项。 【20题详解】 分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. (坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。 你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到 障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。 Passage 3 【2023年全国乙卷】Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. ____16____, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive. What are indoor plants? Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. ____17____. Why are indoor plants good for you? Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “____18____. I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plantscan improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. ____19____. Which plants can you grow? Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “____20____,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.” A. All plants are different B. Not only do they look beautiful C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding 【答案】16. B 17. D 18. C 19. E 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。 【16题详解】 根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆 力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由 此可知，B. Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.(这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的 环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer(相 反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。 【18题详解】 根据下文“I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.(我发现在冬天的几 个月里，房子周围的植物真的能提升你的情绪)”可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors(在室内种植植物有很多好处)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。 【19题详解】 根据上文“There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.(也有研究表明， 盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。它们还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化 学物质)”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue areamong the best(像和平百合和魔芋之类的植物是最好的)能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做的最好的植物， 符合语境。故选E。 【20题详解】 根据上文“Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature- which is part of the joy of owning plants.(年轻的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它们成熟时照顾 它们——这是拥有植物的乐趣之一)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding(了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的)能够承接上文，同时引 起下文，下文“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”(它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。)”具体介 绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。故选G。 Passage 4 【2023年全国甲卷】Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer. ___16___. In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks. ●Practice gratitude (感激) Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. ___17___. “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. ● Make yourself wait Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. ___18___. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations. ● ___19___. So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “___20___.” You’ll then gradually become more patient. A. Find your causes B. Start with small tasks C. Accept the uncomfortable D. All this adds up to a state of hurry E. It can also help us practice more patience F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience 【答案】16. G 17. E 18. B 19. C 20. F 【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐心的一些方法。【16题详解】 根据上文“Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There’s one answer. (这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一 个)”可知，本句说明上文谜语的答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。 故G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，故选G。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观)”以及后文 ““Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. (加州大学 的研究员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”)”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句 继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选项 “它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。 【18题详解】 根据上文“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. (我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法 就是练习)”以及后文“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. (把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列举的 事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境，故选B。 【19题详解】 根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. (我们中的许多人 都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知， 本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适 相关，C选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。 【20题详解】 根据上文“You should learn to say to yourself (你应该学会对自己说……)”以及后文“You’ll then gradually become more patient. (然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心)”结合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，本句为 对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关，故F选项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境，故选F。 Passage 5 【2023年北京卷】It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. ____35____ When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. ____36____ Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. ____37____ The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. ____38____ Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result？ Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates. ____39____ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission. What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high- quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower. A. Higher education has achieved its true potential. B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion. C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor. D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching. E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged. F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities. G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. 【答案】35. D 36. F 37. G 38. B 39. C 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。 【35题详解】 根据空前内容“It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.(对 于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻， 因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家 庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于 排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大 学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出 现的问题。选项D“However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一 个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名 中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。 【36题详解】 根据空前内容“When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶 地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人 们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们 惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“more surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。 【37题详解】空前内容“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平 均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中 没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑 到教学。选项G“In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.(事实上，大学 经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。 【38题详解】 根据空前内容“Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. (然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学 率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项 B“Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内 容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘 和晋升中不受重视。故选B。 【39题详解】 根据下文内容“Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教 学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名 组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，作者认为想要强调教学质量 还需要更多努力。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项 C“Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.(高质量的教学一直是建立声誉的重要因素。)”强调 了高质量教学的重要性，而下文则话题一转，指出了高质量教学的难处。故选C。 Passage6 【2023年浙江1月卷】With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train? Compared to other alternatives, it’s comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible. Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly. 36 But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. 37 Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals. Bring a blanket. When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an overnight one. 38 In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold.Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster. 39 Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times. Have fun. 40 Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside the window. To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts). If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel one mile, you’re going 67.92 mph. A．Train trips aren’t for impatient types. B．You’ll have views from both sides of the train. C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control. D．That’s particularly true during busy summer months. E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one. F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom. G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner. 【答案】36．D 37．G 38．C 39．E 40．A 【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述一些关于如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议。 36．根据上文“Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.(提前计划。大多数长途火车，尤其是卧铺，很快就卖光了。)”以及下文“But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. (但无论你什么时候去旅行，最好至 少提前90天预订。)”可知，大多数长途火车的卧铺很容易被定完，所以要提前安排预定，D项“在繁忙的 夏季尤其如此。”符合语境，D项中“busy summer months”与前后文呼应，说明忙碌的夏季尤其需要提前 计划。故选D项。 37．根据上文“A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. (一个好的旅行社有时可以帮你找到打 折的票。)”以及下文“Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals. (这样你就不必为了吃饭而每天三次在行驶的火车上穿过几节车厢了。)”可知，好的旅行社帮你 预定，不仅可以找到打折的票，还可以节省从卧铺到餐车的距离，G项中“book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner”与前后文对应，因此推断G项“他可能还会给你预订餐厅旁边的卧铺车厢。”符合语 境。故选G项。 38．根据上文“When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an overnight one.(当你乘坐火车时，你不会免费获得一条毯子，即使你的旅行是过夜的。)”以及下文“In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold. (特别是在夏天，空调会让他们很冷。)”可 知，这里提到了车厢内温度的问题，提醒乘客最好自备毛毯，C项中“The temperature on rail cars”与前后 文对应，因此推断C项“列车上的温度通常很难控制。”符合语境。故选C项。 39．根据上文“Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster.(大多数火车每天只开一趟，有些火车一周只开三趟，所以错过你的火车可能是一场灾难。)”以及 下文“Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times. (注意:时刻表上列出的时间 是出发时间，不是到达时间。)”可知，本段提醒要提前安排时间，错过时间是很麻烦的事情，E项中“Youmight have to wait longer”与前后文对应，说明错过火车导致的结果，因此推断E项“你可能要等上超过24 小时才能赶上下一班。”符合语境。故选E项。 40．根据上文“Have fun.(玩得开心)”以及下文“To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts).”(要计算你的速度，用3600(一小时的秒数)除以你走一英里(两个里程碑之间的距离)所花费的秒 数。)”可知，本段讲述如何度过乘车时间，A项中讲到火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人与后文要计算时间， 用不同的方式打发时间对应，符合语境。故选A项。 2022年阅读理解七选五(说明文) Passage1 【2022年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “___16___” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition. So, how do you find a workout partner? First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___17___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner. You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. ___18___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym. My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___19___ You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___20___ Over time, both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other. A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else. D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice? F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information. 【答案】16. C 17. D 18. B 19. G 20. F 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。 【16题详解】 根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partne.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,”(《健身杂志》最近刊登了一篇题为《感谢健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就 会去锻炼。”)”可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。所以选择项C“You'll work harder if you train with someone else.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。 【17题详解】 根据前文“First of all, decide what you want from that person. (首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么。)”和 后文“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility?(或者你只是想要身体 健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性?)”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以选择项 D“Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? (你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员 吗?)”符合上下文语境。故选D。 【18题详解】 根据前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but probably won't result in a useful response. (你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应。)”和后文 “If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那 个人一定是同一个健身房的。)”可知，寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。所以选择项B“A workout partner usually needs to live close by. (锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。 【19题详解】 根据前文“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. (我的搭档把她的要求贴在 了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时， 以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码。)”可知，本段作者以自己的 锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选择项G“Any notice for a training partner should include such information. (任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。 【20题详解】 根据前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills. (你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能。)”和后 文“Over time, both of you will benefit -- your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.(久而久之，你们双方都会受益——你的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。)”可知， 要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。所以选择项F“Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. (接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。 Passage2 【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques. ___16___ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ___17___ Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on. The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. ___18___ Yet, bylearning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄 皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway. The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. ___19___ As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. ___20___ The resulting blank space invites you to revise. A. Make sure your handwriting is neat. B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought. C. The second draft of the essay should be better. D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise. G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. . 【答案】16 D 17. B 18. E 19. F 20. G 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是写文章的技巧。 【16题详解】 空格处是本段的主题句，由空后的“When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. (当你第一次想写 一篇文章的时候，把笔放在纸上，不间断地写10到15分钟，不要让笔离开纸。)”可知，本段主要讲的是 要学会不间断地写，D选项“First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. (首先，学习不间断写作的技 巧。)”概括了本段的主要内容，可作为主题句，故选D。 【17题详解】 空前说“Stay loose and free. (保持宽松和自由。)”，空后说“Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. (不要担 心语法和拼写。)”，因此空格处应说按心里想的写，自由发挥，B选项“Let your pen follow the waves of thought. (让你的笔跟随思想的波浪。)”说明了按自己的思路和想法来写，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选 B。 【18题详解】 空前说“The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. (下一个技巧是快 速写草稿，不要担心是否完美。)”，空后说“Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. (然而，通过学习与不完美共存，你将避免自 己的头痛和一个装满皱巴巴的废纸篓。)”，E选项“Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. (太多的作家试图在第一次就把草稿写好。)”中的“get their drafts”和上文的“write your draft”相呼应，说明 了有很多人想一次就写好，这是不合理的，要学会允许不完美的存在，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境， 故选E。 【19题详解】 空前说“The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision.(第三种方法是打印出三倍行距的副本，以便有修改的空间。)”，F选项“Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise. (许多初来乍到的作者没有留出足够的修改空间。)”中的“revise”和前面的“revision” 一致，指出了新手作者的常见做法，且其中的“Many beginning writers”和后文的“these writers”相互呼应， 因此F选项承上启下，符合语境，故选F。 【20题详解】 空前说“After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. (当你修改你的草稿，直到它太乱以至于无法继续工作，你可以把你的修改输入到 你的文字处理器中。)”，空后说“The resulting blank space invites you to revise. (由此产生的空白允许您修 改。)”，因此空格处应说输入到文字处理器后应该做什么，G选项“Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. (然后你可以打印一份新的草稿，同样将文本设置为三倍行距。)”说的 是输入到你的文字处理器后的做法，其中的“triple-space”和后文的“The resulting blank space”相呼应，因 此G选项承上启下，符合语境，故选G。 Passage3 【2022年全国乙卷】Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships. ·Set a regular date Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___16___. ·More isn’t always merrier Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. ___17___. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat. ·Practise empathy (共情) ___18___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. · ___19___ Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. ·Don’t rely on technology alone ___20___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible. A. Remember important dates B. Compensate by writing letters C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeperD. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind . 【答案】16 D 17. B 18. G 19. A 20. F 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。 【16题详解】 上文“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”（平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电 话。）讲的是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并 坚持下去” 给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合题意。故选D项。 【17题详解】 上文“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.”（确保你已经与你的朋友沟通过，了解你们彼此希望联 系的次数，以及哪种沟通方式最适合你们两人。）提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式，B项“可以通过写 信补偿”提出了其中一种沟通方式：写信，下文“There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.”（除了不断的文字交流，还有其他方式，比如发语音 或者组建群聊。）补充了发语音等其他沟通方式，其中“constant written communication”呼应了B项的 “writing letters”。故选B项。 【18题详解】 下文“The friend who is remaining”（留下来的朋友）和“The one in the new environment”（在新环境中的 那个）提到朋友的两个不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出 了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left”和“the one who was left behind” 分别对应下文“The one in the new environment”和“The friend who is remaining”，所以G项符合题意。 故选G项。 【19题详解】 分析文章结构可知，设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文 “Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.”（周年纪念日和生日对于 异地友谊而言是非常重要的。）讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要 的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“记得重要的日子”，所以A项符合题意。故选A 项。 【20题详解】 设空处所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.”（但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系。）讲的是 我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“朋友之间很容易通 过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句 “require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题 “Don’t rely on technology alone”（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technology”。故选F项。Passage4 【2022年全国甲卷】Important Things to Know When Dining Out Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___16___. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world. Chopstick Rules The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. ___17___ . Hands or Utensils (餐具) In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___18___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons. Making Requests ___19___ . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. ___20___ , the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. A. The more friends you make in your lifetime B. The more time you spend in any given country C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal 【答案】16. D 17. F 18. C 19. G 20. B 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事情。 【16题详解】 根据文章标题“Important Things to Know When Dining Out (外出就餐时要知道的重要事情)”可知，本文 主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情。由此可知，D项“Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant (不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误)”符合语境，其中“at a restaurant”对应标 题中的“When Dining Out”，同时引起下文“Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world. (知道一些技巧将有助于确保你 和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方)”。故选D。 【17题详解】 根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front ofyou. (当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行 了)”可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F项“Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them (不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)”讲述的也 是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”指的是上文的“chopsticks”。故选F。 【18题详解】 根据本段小标题“Hands or Utensils (餐具)”可知，本段主要讲述的是手和餐具的问题。根据上文“In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. (在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一 个餐具吃饭)”及下文“instead preferring to use their hands (相反更愿意使用他们的双手)”可知，此处在讲 述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只手的问题。由此可知，C项“Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils (墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)”符合语境，与下文形成转折关系。故选C。 【19题详解】 根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. (在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这 向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪)”可推知， 在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。由此可知，G项“It may seem like simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal (吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合此处语境，其中“request”是关键词，说明，在 用餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的。故选G。 【20题详解】 根据下文“the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. (你就会对它的外国文化 习俗感到越舒服)”可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the+比较级， the+比较级”结构，B项“The more time you spend in any given country (你在某个国家待的时间越长)”符合 文意，引出下文。故选B。 Passage5 【2022 年北京卷】Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. ____35____ It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases. ____36____ We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. ____37____ This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in. It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. ____38____ For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age. Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. Ithelps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. ____39____ This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness. A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life. B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other. C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind. D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily. E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner. F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life. G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases. 【答案】35. G 36. B 37. D 38. F 39. C 【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健 身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。 35.【解析】 根据空前“Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health.(健康和健身帮助一个人过上良好和健康的生活。由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自 己的健康。)”可知因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视，根据空后“It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.(正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。)”可知身体的健康可以让我 们应对各种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项“This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.(这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾 病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的other diseases与空后的these diseases相互照应，符合上下文语 境。故选G项。 36.【解析】 根据空后“We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body.(为了拥有一个健康的身体我们需要健康。同样，如果我们是健康 的，我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。)”可知健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是 本段的主旨句，B项“Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.(健康和健身是相互关联的。)”概括全 段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B项。 37.【解析】 根据空前“Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses.(健康是在特定时间内我们身体的状态。我们可能没有任何疾病，但身 体仍然虚弱，随时会被病毒攻击。)”可知我们的身体虽然没有生病，但也很虚弱，随时会生病，根据空后 “This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy.(这并不一定意味着我们不健康。)”可知生病并不一定 表明我们是不健康的。空处承上启下，所以空处应该举例说明我们的身体在虚弱的情况下会生病这样一种 状况，D项“For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.(例如，我们可能很容易感冒。)”举 例说明我们的身体会在虚弱的情况下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D项的we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily这种情况，符合上下文语境。故选D项。 38.【解析】根据空前“It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.(对每个人来说，花些时间在健 康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我们应该花时间去健身，根据空后“For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style.(例如，我们必须每天锻炼，不管我们的年龄和工作方式。)”可知我 们应该每天坚持锻炼，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，F项 “There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.(在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人都应该 做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F项。 39.【解析】 根据空前“We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases.(我们每天至少应该有6到8个小时的睡眠。它有助于改善我们的免疫 系统，保护我们抵抗疾病。)”可知我们应该保障充足的睡眠，根据空后“This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.(这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标。)”可知充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目 标很有好处，空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C项“It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.(它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。)”进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们 的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选C项。 Passage6 【2022年浙江卷6月】I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. ____11____ Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. ____12____ And when writing doesn’t seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it. Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. ____13____ You write “Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect. ____14____ Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal language most of the time. There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done. ____15____ This type of writing won’t be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience. A. It isn’t that these young people can’t write. B. But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be. C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed. D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted. E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them. F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have. G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems. 【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过讲述孩子们通过给圣诞老人写信暗示得到自己心仪的礼物，从而论证观点：人们写作都是带有某种目的的。 11.D根据空前“As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. (随着孩子们逐渐长大，他们会给圣诞老人一些提示，告诉他去哪里买礼物。)”可知，孩子们给圣诞老人 提示去哪买礼物。结合选项可知，D项“As a result, each year they received something they wanted. (结果， 他们每年都会收到他们想要的东西。)”为孩子们提示的结果：收到心仪的礼物。前后为明显的因果关系。 故选D项。 12.B 根据空前“Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something;other times t may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. (有时我们的目的是为了获得东西，有时可能是为了娱乐、告知或说服。)”可知，我们写作都 是带着目的的。结合选项B“But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be. (但它总是有目的的——或者 至少应该是这样。)”可知，前后语意一致，说明写作是带有目的的。故选B项。 13.E根据空前“When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. (当孩子们为真正的读者和真正的目的写作时，他们就能学会相应地选择用词。)”以及空后 “You write “Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect. (你写“亲爱 的圣诞老人”是因为你不认识他，你想表达对他的尊重。)”可知，空后句和空前句之间是“理论——实 践”的关系，由此可推知，空处也应为具体的实践。结合选项E“You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them. (你写“嗨，奶奶和爸爸”，因为你和他们很亲近。)”可知，符合这一逻辑。而且和空后 结构一致。故选E项。 14.F根据空后“Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly producing written messages. (在玩电子游戏时发短信、在线消息、实时聊天都意味着他们在不断地产生书面 信息。 )”可知，科技的发展让人们的写作变得更普遍。结合选项F“As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have. (随着科技的发展，年轻人写的东西比以前更多了。)”可知，前后语意 一致，符合语境。故选F项。 15.G根据空前“There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done. (这种写作方式并没有错。它迎合了观众和目的，完成了任务。)”可知，作者在评价这种科技 影响下的写作方式。结合选项G“But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems. (但如果这是年轻人唯一的写作方式，那就会造成问题。)”可知，前后语意一致，从正反两方面评价科技 带来的写作。故选G项。 Passage7 【2022年浙江卷1月】I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. 11 Pick the most important. 12 Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. 1 chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle 1 want. Combine your activities. Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. 13 Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Findpeople in your company who share common interests and develop your career （职业）around the people and activities you love. 14 You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. Lighten up. The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining （改进）toward a happy productive existence. 15 Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way. A. Speed up. B. Be an active learner. C. Stop trying to balance time between them all. D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life. E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy. F Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time. G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook. 【答案】11. F 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. G 【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。作者给出了既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐放松的有效建议。 【11题详解】 上文 “ I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed.（我和你一样，每天都有24小时，但我做了具体的选择， 让我充 分利用每一天，仍然感到快乐和放松）”说明作者做出选择，充分利用每一天，但仍旧感到快乐 和轻松，根 据下文段落小标题可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议，因此空格处应是承上启下， F项中的“help you make the most of your time与上文 “to make the most of every day ” 一致，“tips” 引出 下文的建议，因此 F项“也许这些建议会帮助你充分利用你的时间”符合语境，承上启下。故选F。 【12题详解】 根据段落标题“Pick the most important.”可知，本段建议挑选最重要的，下文“Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive.（把时间花在那些对你来说有趣和富有成效的事情上）”说明要挑选一些有趣 的 和富有成效的事情去做，D项中的“ what is meaningful in your life”与标题中的"the most important一 致， 下文是对“Make choices”具体解释。因此推断D项“选择你生活中有意义的东西”符合语境。故选 D。 【13题详解】 上文 “Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc.（ 许多 人疯 狂地试图弄清楚如何在朋友，家庭，工作，娱乐等方面度过时间）”说明许多人想要弄清楚在生活 中如何分 配好时间，下文“Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.（找到一种结合的方式来享受它 们）”说明可 以把事情组合在一起享受，因此推断空格处与上文是转折关系，说明不要试图均衡时间，C 项“不要试图在 它们之间平衡时间”符合语境。故选C。 【14题详解】空格处为段落小标题。根据下文“You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.（你可能会认为学习需要花费了你更多的时间，但实际上总有一些新的方法可以为你 节省出做日常 事务的时间，为你腾出时间去做最重要的事情。寻找在这里或者那里赢回一个小时的新方 法）”可推断，本 段讲述学习虽然花费很多时间，但总是能有一些方法为你节省时间做其他事情，因此 要做有效的学习者。 因此推断B项“做有效的学习者”为段落标题，故选B。 【15题详解】 下文 “Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.（每一次的完成都是一个小的胜利，累积 起 来就是一个大的胜利）”说明事情要一件一件去做，G项中的“making lists”与之呼应，因此推断G项 “这 就是为什么列清单在任何生产手册中都很重要的原因”符合语境，this指代上文“The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining （改 进）toward a happy productive existence.（在大多数情况下，世界不会因为你没做完几件事而走向末日。庆 祝进步，不断 改进走向一个快乐而富有成效的存在）”解释了列出清单一件一件完成任务的原因。故选 G。 Passage8 【2022年浙江卷6月】I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. ____11____ Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. ____12____ And when writing doesn’t seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it. Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. ____13____ You write “Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect. ____14____ Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal language most of the time. There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done. ____15____ This type of writing won’t be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience. A. It isn’t that these young people can’t write. B. But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be. C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed. D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted. E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them. F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have. G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过讲述孩子们通过给圣诞老人写信暗示得到自己心仪的礼物， 从而论证观点：人们写作都是带有某种目的的。 11.D根据空前“As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. (随着孩子们逐渐长大，他们会给圣诞老人一些提示，告诉他去哪里买礼物。)”可知，孩子们给圣诞老人提 示去哪买礼物。结合选项可知，D项“As a result, each year they received something they wanted. (结果，他 们每年都会收到他们想要的东西。)”为孩子们提示的结果：收到心仪的礼物。前后为明显的因果关系。故 选D项。 12.B 根据空前“Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something;other times t may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. (有时我们的目的是为了获得东西，有时可能是为了娱乐、告知或说服。)”可知，我们写作都是 带着目的的。结合选项B“But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be. (但它总是有目的的——或者至少 应该是这样。)”可知，前后语意一致，说明写作是带有目的的。故选B项。 13.E根据空前“When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. (当孩子们为真正的读者和真正的目的写作时，他们就能学会相应地选择用词。)”以及空后 “You write “Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect. (你写“亲爱 的圣诞老人”是因为你不认识他，你想表达对他的尊重。)”可知，空后句和空前句之间是“理论——实 践”的关系，由此可推知，空处也应为具体的实践。结合选项 E“You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them. (你写“嗨，奶奶和爸爸”，因为你和他们很亲近。)”可知，符合这一逻辑。而且和空后结 构一致。故选E项。 14.F根据空后“Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly producing written messages. (在玩电子游戏时发短信、在线消息、实时聊天都意味着他们在不断地产生书面 信息。 )”可知，科技的发展让人们的写作变得更普遍。结合选项F“As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have. (随着科技的发展，年轻人写的东西比以前更多了。)”可知，前后语意一 致，符合语境。故选F项。 15.G根据空前“There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done. (这种写作方式并没有错。它迎合了观众和目的，完成了任务。)”可知，作者在评价这种科技 影响下的写作方式。结合选项G“But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems. (但如果这是年轻人唯一的写作方式，那就会造成问题。)”可知，前后语意一致，从正反两方面评价科技带 来的写作。故选G项。 2021年阅读理解七选五(说明文) Passage1 【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly. ____16____ ·Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your back and the book should be at the right distance from your eyes. ____17____ ____18____ Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc.This will help you to decide whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it. Ten minutes spent in this way could saveyou quite a lot of time in the long run. If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time. ____19____ A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects. In the former case you may be able to read a chapter. In the latter you may only be able to read one page. Always keep a pencil and paper beside you. ____20____Note also the facts important for your purpose as well as anything which leads you to further research. You don't have to write these things in detail. It is enough to put the page number and one or two words as a reminder . A. Stop to have a rest now and then. B. Spend a few minutes looking through the book. C. This depends on the type of book you are reading. D. Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed. E. Make a note of any page which is of special importance. F. You may find yourself having to leam something by heart. G. Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy. 【答案】16. D 17. G 18. B 19. C 20. E 【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。 【16题详解】 根据上文“If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly.（如果你唯一的阅读是小说或杂志，那么你阅读的速度可能并不重要。但是，如果你 必须大量阅读来学习，你就会感激能够更快地阅读的好处。）”可知，接下来要介绍提高阅读速度的方法。 D项：Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.（这里有一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。）符合 语境。故选D。 【17题详解】 根据本段主题句“Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable.（在你打开书之前，确保你感 到舒服。）”可知，本段主要说明要给自己创造舒适的阅读环境。G项：Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.（保持房间凉爽而不是温暖以避免困倦。）符合语境。故选G。 【18题详解】 空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc（查看目录、 前言、章节标题等。）”可知，本段主要讲述在阅读一本书之前要先浏览一下大致内容。B项：Spend a few minutes looking through the book.（花几分钟浏览一下这本书。）符合语境。故选B。 【19题详解】 根据上文“If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time.（如果你 决定要读完整本书，决定一下你一次能读多少。）”和下文“A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects.（以故事形式包含事实的历史书比科学 题材的书更容易阅读。）”可知，看书时间的长短取决于书的类型。C项：This depends on the type of book you are reading.（这取决于你读的书的类型。）符合语境。故选C。【20题详解】 根据段落主题句“Always keep a pencil and paper beside you.（总是在身边放一支铅笔和一张纸。）”可知，本 段强调要随时注意记笔记。E项：Make a note of any page which is of special importance.（把任何有特别重要 的一页都记下来。）符合语境。故选E。 Passage2 【2021年全国甲卷】Swap, Don’t shop! You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources（资源）to make, and buying loads of new clothing（or throwing out old clothing）is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor? ____16____. It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time. A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers. ●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. ____17____ , and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable. ●____18____. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their "new" clothes home. ●Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.____19____. Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on. ●Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. ____20____. And don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party! A. Less people than that B. Hold a clothing swap C. If two people are competing D. Just keep music playing throughout E. Donate whatever clothes are left over . F Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition 【答案】16. B 17. A 18. G 19. F 20. D 【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法——衣物交换派对，以 及一些具体的流程。 【16题详解】 根据上文“So what to do with all those perfectly- good-but-you 're- maybe-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor?（那么，该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的（看起来）完好但你可能有点厌倦的衣服 呢？）”提出关于如何解决旧衣物的问题。下文“It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.（这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里买衣服、同时开派对的 最好方法。）”提到了具体处理旧衣物的方法。所以空白处应起承上启下的作用，承接上文讲到的问题， 启下提出的方法。因而空白处是提出了一种处理旧衣物的好方法。B项“Hold a clothing swap.（进行衣物交换。）”给出了一种处理旧衣物的方法，承上启下，符合语境。故选B项。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection.”（邀请5到10个人，这样你就有一个很好的选 择。）说明了应该邀请的人数。下文“and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.”（可能没有足够的东西可供选择；多于这个数量，它就变得无法控制。）说明多 于或少于一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。所以空白处应是针对下文中的“more than that”提出的相反的 假设，即少于一定数量的人。A项“Less people than that”（少于这些人）提出一种假设，和下文中“more than that”相对，说明人数不宜太多，也不能太少，符合语境。故选A项。 【18题详解】 根据下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.”（他们还应该准 备大量的可重复使用的袋子，把他们的“新”衣服带回家。）说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服” 准备袋子。G项“Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition.”（告诉每个人带来品相完好的衣 服。）说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服，其中的bring和下文中carry相对，都是为交换衣物 所做的准备。下文中的also也是提示词，并且其中They指代G项的everyone。所以G项符合语境。故选 G项。 【19题详解】 根据上文“Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.”（把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不 同地方。）指出衣服应该归类放置。下文“Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.”（在房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样子。）提到了放 置镜子的意义。由此可见，本段讲述的是房间里的一些具体的做法，所以空白处一样要提出人们在房间里 要做什么。F项“Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots.（让每个人的衣服都放在相应的位置 上。）”说明每个人应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置，符合语境。故选F项。 【20题详解】 上文“Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever.”（设置开始时间。也许你 说“开始”，或者打开一首歌，或者无论什么。）打开音乐或者无论什么，意味聚会开始。下文“And don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!”（别忘了拿出一些饼干和水果。记住， 这是个派对！）讲到了聚会上应该提供一些派对该有的服务。因而，空白处应是承接上文，讲述聚会期间 要保持应有的内容。D项“Just keep music playing throughout.”（要始终播放音乐。）承上启下，说明在派 对上要有音乐，与前文形成意义上的一致，符合题意，故选D项。 Passage3 【2021年全国乙卷】According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party. ___36___, if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers. People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. ___37___, it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people whowere laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation. ___38___? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox （讲台）. If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation.___39___. And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment（赞扬）. ___40___. Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.” So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard. A. How do you know the host B. The first step is to go exploring C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?” D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most 【答案】36. B 37. C 38. F 39. E 40. G 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在晚宴上让自己表现得有趣的一些方法。 【36题详解】 根据上文“it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party (在晚宴上让自己变得有趣并不难)”可 知，下文应主要讲述如何在晚宴上让自己变得有趣。下文“So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers. (所以最主要的事情就是去尝试，去冒险，尝试不同 的食物，和陌生人交谈)”可推知，本段主要说明想在晚宴上让自己变得有趣，就要勇于冒险，勇于探索。 由此可知，B项“The first step is to go exploring(第一步是去探索)”承上启下，符合题意。故选B项。 【37题详解】 根据下文“it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation. (它可以带入“我有这辆破旧的车”或 “我和那些在后面嘲笑愚蠢笑话的疯子一起乘坐公共汽车。”它只是打开了对话)”可知，设空处应该是提 了一个不太好的问题，只是开始交流，但并不会给人留下有趣的印象。由此可知，C项“If you ask the question “How did you get here?”(如果你问“你是怎么到这里来的？”这个问题)”能够承接下文，符合题意。 故选C项。 【38题详解】 根据下文“If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox. If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. (如果你 不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什 么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，此处指出了一个问题的解决办法。由此推知，设空处提到了一 个棘手的问题。F项“What about the person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking(喝太多酒或一 直说个不停的人怎么办)”正是提出的问题，引出下文的解决办法，符合题意。故选F项。【39题详解】 根据上文“If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. (如 果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做 点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，本段主要是为解决“喝太多酒或一直说个不停”这个问题 提供方法。由此可知，E项“Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say(或者把谈话变成 他们没什么可说的话题)”是提出的另一个解决办法，承接上文，符合题意。故选E项。 【40题详解】 根据上文“If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment.(如果你在晚宴上遭遇了尴尬的沉默，唯一能让大家再次交谈的 方法就是赞美主人)”可知，此处指出赞美主人可以缓解尴尬的沉默，设空处承上启下，下文“This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.(这蛋糕特别好吃，你得告诉我它的一切)”对主人进行了 赞美。由此可知，宴会上出现尴尬的沉默时，最尴尬的就是主人，所以需要赞美主人来缓解尴尬。G项 “He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most(他或她是最能感受到那种尴尬 的人)”承上启下，符合题意。故选G项 Passage4 【2021年北京卷】Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people． ____35____ The mental health benefits from music can't be argued．Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes． ____36____However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting （分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels．This，of course， can lead to less pain． Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed．____37____While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly, according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels， through the lowering of stress and anxiety． When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure．____38____ On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit． ____39____But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for， which is what makes music so valuable． A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems． B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud． C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing． D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep．E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive． F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety． G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were． 【答案】35. F 36. B 37. D 38. G 39. E 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。 【35题详解】 空格后说“The mental health benefits from music can't be argued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的）， F选项It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety 中的stress and anxiety照应 了mental health benefits，因此F选项切合题意，故选F。 【36题详解】 空格后说“However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain”（然而，出于同样的 原因，当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的），However表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价， B选项Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B选项切 合题意，故选B。 【37题详解】 空格前说“Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前 听些轻松的音乐），D选项They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep 中的sleep和 going to bed相呼应，因此D选项切合题意，故选D。 【38题详解】 空格前说“In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure”（在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压），G选项 Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were中的heart rates和前面的heart rates相照应，因此G选项切合题意，故选G。 【39题详解】 空格后说“But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for， which is what makes music so valuable”（但是，开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音 乐如此有价值的原因），因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，E选项The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E选项切合题意， 故选E。 Passage5 【2021年浙江卷1月】You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need, head to the front, and choose the line that looks fastest. You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to the parking lot. 11 ． It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster. Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay. 12 ． Any small interruption - a price check, a chatty customer-can have downstream effects, holding up anentire line. If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the probability: 13 ． So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster. Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long, snaking line- called a serpentine line - and serve each person at the front with the next available register. 14 ． This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall. 15 ． It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or manpower. So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck. A．Why does this always seem to happen to you? B．So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines? C．Some of the may have stood in a queue for almost an hour. D．The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three. E.How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line? F.With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach. G.But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy. 【分析】本文是说明文。文章说明了杂货店排队方式以及研究人员提出的蛇形队伍的新方式，并分析了各 自的利弊。 11．A下文“It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster. （原来， 这只是你的数学问题；很可能，另一个队伍真的更快。）”解释了上文“You chose wrong.(你选错了)”的原 因，下文与空格处是因果关系，所以本空应该是对前文选错提出疑惑，故选A项。 12．G上文“Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay.（杂货店尽量让足够的员工在结账时让所有的顾客以最小的延误完成结账。）”解释了杂 货店之前的工作模式，下文“Any small interruption a price check, a chatty customer -can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.（任何一个小小的中断，一个价格检查，一个喋喋不休的顾客，都会产生下 游效应，拖住整个生产线。）”描述了杂货店的特殊情况，故本空应该填出现特殊情况的原因，故选G项。 13．D根据上文“If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. （如果 杂货店中有三列队伍，延迟将在不同的队伍中随机发生。）”联系下文“So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.（所以这不仅仅是在你的脑海里：另一条队伍可能移动得更快。）” 可知本空说的是任何一个队伍都有可能出现问题。你的队伍跑得最快的几率只有三分之一。故选D项。 14．F根据“上文Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem.(我们得知研究人员有一个很好的方 法来处理这个问题)”以及下文“This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone little bit but speed up checkout overall.（这个大多数银行和快餐店都是这样做的。有了一条蜿蜒的 队伍，在一个登记处长时间拖延不会不公平地惩罚后面排队的人。相反，它会减慢每个人一点点，但加快 了整体结帐速度。）”说明这个新方案迅速有效，联系上下文可知，空格中应该是与旧的结账方案作比较。 故选F项。15．B结合下文“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or manpower.（要保持一条生产线的快速运转，需要很多的收银机，而且有些商店负担不起空间和人 力。）”说明了一个原因，由此可知，空格处提出了一个问题；通过“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly.(保持一条生产线的快速运转)”可知这里描述的是不鼓励蛇形队伍的原因。故选B项。