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考点 29 阅读七选五-段首设空题（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 高考真题考点分布年份 卷别 体裁 词 主题 话题 设题位置 选项特征
数 语境 段 段 段
首 中 尾
新高考全 夹叙夹 人与 使用英语词典的经验、
313 1 4 0 完整句
国I卷 议文 自我 心得与乐趣
新高考全
国** 错 人与 如 何 避 免 “ 过 度 旅
说明文 297 1 3 1 完整句
误的表达 自然 游”
2024 式 **I卷
年 人与
全国甲卷 说明文 313 适度饮食 1 3 1 完整句
自我
人与 “刺猬”型思维方式和
北京卷 说明文 363 1 4 0 完整句
社会 “狐狸”型思维方式
浙江1月 人与
说明文 330 在线学习利弊 1 4 0 完整句
卷 社会
新高考全 人与
说明文 321 自我原谅 0 4 1 完整句
国I卷 自我
新高考全
国** 错 人与
说明文 310 开始艺术之旅的建议 1 3 1 完整句
误的表达 社会
式 **I卷
2023 人与 残缺句＋
全国乙卷 说明文 335 室内植物的好处 0 3 2
年 自然 完整句
人与 成为更有耐心的人的技 残缺句＋
全国甲卷 说明文 287 1 3 1
自我 巧 完整句
人与
北京卷 说明文 255 如何选择高校的建议 1 3 1 完整句
社会
浙江1月 人与 能使火车旅行更舒适的
说明文 361 1 4 0 完整句
卷 社会 建议
人与 一些外出就餐时要知道 残缺句＋
全国甲卷 说明文 315 1 3 1
2022 社会 的一些重要事情 完整句
年 人与 五种维系异地友谊的方 残缺句＋
全国乙卷 说明文 316 3 1 1
社会 法 完整句新高考全 人与 如何找到一个一起锻炼
说明文 332 0 4 1 完整句
国I卷 社会 的伙伴
新高考全
国** 错 人与
说明文 312 介绍写文章的技巧 1 4 0 完整句
误的表达 社会
式 **I卷
既可以充分利用时间又
浙江卷1 人与
说明文 309 可以快乐放松的有效建 2 2 1 完整句
月 社会
议
浙江卷6 人与 写作都是带有某种目的
说明文 338 1 3 1 完整句
月 社会 的
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
从近三年高考试题对段首句共考查17次，其作用多为主旨句或承上启下句。
【备考策略】
1．广泛阅读，尤其是内容贴近生活、贴近时代的“关爱自我、关注社会、关心环境”型材料。
2．培养和提升语篇理解能力、逻辑思辨能力，树立“语篇框架(脉络)”意识，具体方式如下：
3.【命题预测】
从近三年命题的发展趋势来看，预测2025年高考阅读理解七选五试题仍然以结构鲜明的指导类说明文为主，段首句也是考查重点。
【必备基础知识】
七选五阅读文章体裁以说明文、记叙文为主。语篇模式也较为固定：依次是提出问题、分析问题、最
后是提供解决方案；题目的位置也很固定：有首句、句中、末句与独立成段四种情形；题型的正确选
项大致可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意
义）三类。
若问题在段首，通常是段落主题句。若是针对段落小标题设空。其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同。选项应
短小精评，多为名词词组、动名词短语或祈使向。若段落首句设空，段首句要么与段落标题相关联，要么
是段落主题句。选项要有概括性。
01 段首设空考查小标题或段落主题句
1. 小标题或段落主题句：如章首或段首设空，一般考查文章或段落主题。
2. 注释小标题：如在小标题之后接着设空，一般是对小标题加以注释。
3. 段落间的过渡句：如首段之后的段首设空，一般是考查承上启下的过渡语句。
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help?
Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and
communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___16___
Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making
wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online
posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape,
culture or food deeply draws you. ___17___
●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though
overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of
extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___18___ Why not try a
regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?
● ___19___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll
compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy
when tourism is traditionally slower.
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling?
C. Travel for you and no one else.D. Can overtourism be avoided then?
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. E 19. A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了如何避免“过度旅游”的现象。
【16题详解】
前文“Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and
communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.(旅游促进
理解，扩展我们的思想，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区，但旅游业的快速发展导致了某些地
区和目的地的过度旅游)”表明旅游带来了一些问题，后文“The loss of what travel offers would be
unacceptable in today’s world.(在当今世界，失去旅行所能提供的东西将是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行，
结合后文“Certainly not.(当然不)”可知，空处提问能否停止旅行，D选项“那么，我们应该停止旅行
吗？”符合语境。故选B。
【17题详解】
前文“Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the
same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food
deeply draws you.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多关于同一个地方的帖子，很
容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方)”表明不要跟风旅游，C
选项“为你而不是其他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时的感受，忠实自己的感受，不用管其余的建议，
符合语境。故选C。
【18题详解】
前文“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.(这意味着你有很多不太受欢迎的选择)
及后文“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?( 为什么不尝
试一个地区性的选择，或者看看一个热门目的地不太为人所知的景点呢)”提出建议，可以选择一些冷门的
景点，E选项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方”语境一致。故选E。
【19题详解】
空处为小标题，根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.
(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的
时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容。故选A。
【解题指导】
1．判断是不是段落主题句
(1)根据段落一致性原则认真阅读空格后内容，从词汇及句意两个方面判断其中的某个选项是否可以涵盖该
段主旨。
(2)着重阅读挖空后面的第一、二句，确定相关信息词。阅读时要学会瞻前顾后，注重逻辑关系的一致性。
2．判断是不是承上启下句
除第一段之外的其他段落段首设题时也有可能是承上启下句(第二段段首设题时该情况最常见)，这时需要在熟悉上一段(段尾)内容的前提下，结合该段的其余内容，分析所选的答案是否能够将两个段落连贯起来。
3．利用平衡原则
对于有特殊标识的文章(如加黑、数字排序或其他特殊标识)做出选择时要充分利用与其他段落的平衡原则，
如：是不是祈使句(如上文)，平衡部分的主语是不是具有统一性等。有时这种关系也会体现在段落内部。
（2024·陕西榆林·一模）How to Start a Garden in 2024?
...
19 .
Some plants will grow tall and some will grow closer to the ground. Tall plants will shade shorter plants and
prevent them getting needed sunshine. Also, give little seedlings plenty of room to stretch and grow. If they grow
too close together, don’t be afraid to thin seedlings.
Save money with seeds and cuttings.
Buying all of your plants from the garden center is expensive. 20 . Reach out to friends and family
who garden and ask them to share spare seeds with you. Also check to see if they have any plants you can take
cuttings from. It takes longer than buying young plants, but it is definitely more satisfying and you will learn so
much.
A．If you need some help
B．Size up your growing space
C．If you’re a newcomer
D．Here are some essential tips for beginners in gardening
E．Choose a container size appropriate for what you are growing
F．Investing in rich soil initially create s a suitable environment
G．However, you can grow a huge range of plants from seeds or cuttings
【答案】 19．B 20．G
19．设空处为本段小标题，根据后文“Some plants will grow tall and some will grow closer to the ground. Tall
plants will shade shorter plants and prevent them getting needed sunshine. Also, give little seedlings plenty of room
to stretch and grow. If they grow too close together, don’t be afraid to thin seedlings.(有些植物会长得很高，有些
植物会长得离地面更近。高大的植物会遮蔽较矮的植物，使它们得不到所需的阳光。同时，给幼苗足够的
空间伸展和生长。如果它们长得太近，不要害怕把幼苗削薄。)”可知，本段主题是建议要注意植物的生长
空间，所以B项“Size up your growing space(评估你的种植空间)”符合主题，为本段小标题。故选B项。
20．根据前文“Buying all of your plants from the garden center is expensive.(从园艺中心购买所有的植物是昂
贵的。)”以及后文“Reach out to friends and family who garden and ask them to share spare seeds with you. Also
check to see if they have any plants you can take cuttings from. It takes longer than buying young plants, but it is
definitely more satisfying and you will learn so much.(向从事园艺的朋友和家人寻求帮助，让他们与你分享多
余的种子。还要检查一下他们是否有什么植物可以插枝。这比买幼苗要花更长的时间，但它绝对更令人满意，你会学到很多东西。)”可知，前文讲述从园艺中心购买所有的植物是昂贵的，后文讲述可以通过用种
子和插枝来省钱，所以空处应是过渡句，G项“However, you can grow a huge range of plants from seeds or
cuttings(然而，你可以从种子或插枝中种植各种各样的植物)”和前文构成转折关系，并引出下文内容，符合
文意。故选G项。
02 段首设空考查注释小标题
【2023年浙江1月卷】
...
Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can
be a disaster. 39 Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times.
Have fun. 40 Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside
the window. To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of
seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts). If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel
one mile, you’re going 67.92 mph.
A．Train trips aren’t for impatient types.
B．You’ll have views from both sides of the train.
C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
D．That’s particularly true during busy summer months.
E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner.
【答案】 39．E 40．A
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述一些关于如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议。
39．根据上文“Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be
a disaster.(大多数火车每天只开一趟，有些火车一周只开三趟，所以错过你的火车可能是一场灾难。)”以及
下文“Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times. (注意:时刻表上列出的时间
是出发时间，不是到达时间。)”可知，本段提醒要提前安排时间，错过时间是很麻烦的事情，E项中“You
might have to wait longer”与前后文对应，说明错过火车导致的结果，因此推断E项“你可能要等上超过24
小时才能赶上下一班。”符合语境。故选E项。
40．根据上文“Have fun.(玩得开心)”以及下文“To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of
seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two
mileposts).”(要计算你的速度，用3600(一小时的秒数)除以你走一英里(两个里程碑之间的距离)所花费的秒
数。)”可知，本段讲述如何度过乘车时间，A项中讲到火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人与后文要计算时间，
用不同的方式打发时间对应，符合语境。故选A项。（2024·江西南昌·三模）
...
It is necessary to take responsibility for your actions. Just like your words, you need to take full
responsibility for your actions. Many people make silly excuses and don’t take responsibility for their actions. That
is where they hurt others and themselves. 18 It won’t bring your self-respect down, and it will actually
raise you as a person.
19 So it is wise to avoid negative people. If you are surrounded by negative people that only bring
others down, then you will always feel uncomfortable. If you are surrounded by happy people, you will always be
delighted. Keep away from people who emotionally control others. 20 In order to be emotionally
intelligent, you must have a supporting partner by your side.
A．You need to mind whatever you do.
B．You are known by the company you keep.
C．Just as you try to be a mind reader, others expect so.
D．The best course of action would be to change yourself.
E．Whenever you feel something like that, cut ties with them.
F．Your partner would want you to know exactly what they want.
G．If you make a mistake and affect others negatively, apologize immediately.
【答案】 18．G 19．B 20．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些可以帮助提高情商并在情感上变得成熟的策略。
18．根据本段主题句“It is necessary to take responsibility for your actions.( 对你的行为负责是必要的。)”可
知，本段主张要对自己的行为负责。上文“Many people make silly excuses and don’t take responsibility for
their actions. That is where they hurt others and themselves.(许多人会找一些愚蠢的借口，不为自己的行为负责。
这就是他们伤害别人和自己的地方。)”提到不负责的行为害人害己，下文“It won’t bring your self-respect
down, and it will actually raise you as a person.(它不会降低你的自尊，反而会提升你的人格。)”中的“it”指代
对自己行为负责的正确做法，即如果你给别人带来负面影响，立即道歉。G项：If you make a mistake and
affect others negatively, apologize immediately.(如果你犯了错误，给别人带来了负面影响，立即道歉。)符合
语境。故选G。
19．根据下文“So it is wise to avoid negative people. If you are surrounded by negative people... If you are
surrounded by happy people, you will always be delighted.”(所以避开消极的人是明智的。如果你周围都是消极
的人，只会让别人失望，那么你会一直感到不舒服。如果你周围都是快乐的人，你就会永远快乐。)”可知，
本段强调周围同伴的重要性及其影响，即观其友，知其人。B项：You are known by the company you keep.
(你所结交的人都知道你。)符合语境。故选B。
20．根据上文“Keep away from people who emotionally control others.(远离那些在情感上控制别人的人。)可
知，空处应承接上文，进一步说明要远离那些在情感上控制别人的人。E项可以承接上文，表示要立刻与
在情感上控制自己的人切断关系。E项：Whenever you feel something like that, cut ties with them.(每当你有
这样的感觉，就和他们断绝关系。)符合语境。故选E。03 段首设空考查段落间的过渡句
首段之后的段首设空，一般是考查承上启下的过渡语句。
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a
perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does
not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my
laptop's spellchecker. ____37____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but
I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise
Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
____38____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words
whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
A. I don't often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don't want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
【答案】36. F 37. B 38. E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。
【36题详解】
上文“If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(如果你想发
表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语
法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.(这意味
着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。
【37题详解】
上文“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑
的拼写检查器;下文“Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-
fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词
典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体
书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes no account of the
context.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。
【38题详解】下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose
meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.(它应该给出每个单
词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到
了字典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”
提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。
【2019 年全国卷Ⅱ】Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the
question:“Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two
sides of same coin. ___36___Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.
___37___ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate
yourself , your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your
you’re your goals
...
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it
【答案】36. G 37. B
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章作者对于怎样设定具体目标，给出了一些方法。
36.G 上文说“动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面”。下文说“就像孩子在跳水台，难以决定”。该空
承上启下，G选项“没有目标，你就既不能设定目标，也无法实现它”切题，故选G。
37.B 空格前的段落中一个孩子站在跳板上犹豫要不要跳的事情说明应该有动力，空格后的句子“更进一步
说，你如何保持动力达到目标？”空格处应承上启下，B项“那么你应如何激励自己？”符合语境。
（最新模拟试题演练）
Passage 1
（2022·浙江温州·三模）If you’re a teenager, you are in a very powerful position. Starting good money
habits now will put you ahead for the rest of your life. Here are money tips for you.
Understand the power of time.You probably aren’t making a ton of money right now, but that doesn’t matter. What matters is time. 1
Let’s look at an example: At the end of your summer job, you have $1000. You invest it at a rate of return of 5%. At
the end of those 50 years, you will have $11,467.49.
Start a money saving habit.
If you start the habit of saving money now, that habit will always be with you. Every dollar you get, whether
it’s a gift, an allowance, or pay from a job, get into the habit of saving a portion of it. Half of it would be ideal. 2
The older you get, the harder it can seem to save even 10% of your money.
3
There is so much information available on the internet You can find articles that will teach you how to make
$100 fast. There are also so many personal finance books to choose from to know where to start. You can talk to
your parents about money, too.
Avoid FOMO.
FOMO is fear of missing out. 4 It’s important, though, to not give up what you want most for what
you want now. What you want now is to take the money you made at your summer job and go on Spring Break.
What you want most is to graduate debt free. Or to be able to quit a job you hate because you have a big emergency
fund to see you through to your next job. It might not seem like it when you’re eighteen. 5
A．Ask for advice.
B．Get Educated.
C．And your money has a lot of it.
D．But all of that will be true in time.
E．Cash tends to burn a hole in our pockets.
F．It’s time to start now because you don’t have many expenses.
G．You’ll think everyone is having more fun than you as a teenager.
【答案】1．C 2．F 3．B 4．G 5．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了养成良好的理财习惯的一些建议。
1．由上文“You probably aren’t making a ton of money right now, but that doesn’t matter. What matters is
time.”（你现在可能赚不了多少钱，但这无关紧要。重要的是时间。）可知时间越多，钱就有可能会挣的
越多。C. And your money has a lot of it.（你的钱需要很多时间去积累。）符合语境。故选C。
2．由后文“The older you get, the harder it can seem to save even 10% of your money.”（你年纪越大，似乎越
难节省你10%的钱。）可知我们应该尽早开始存钱，这样容易积攒更多的钱。F. It’s time to start now
because you don’t have many expenses.（现在是时候开始了，因为你没有太多的开支。）符合语境。故选
F。
3．由后文“There is so much information available on the internet You can find articles that will teach you how to
make $100 fast. There are also so many personal finance books to choose from to know where to start.”（互联网
上有很多信息，你可以找到教你如何快速赚100美元的文章。也有很多个人理财书籍可供选择，以知道从哪里开始。）可知我们要多学习，才知道如何理财。B. Get Educated.（接受教育）符合本段主旨句的格式
和内容。故选B。
4．由后文“It’s important, though, to not give up what you want most for what you want now.”（但重要的是，
不要为了你现在想要的而放弃你最想要的。）结合前文“FOMO is fear of missing out.”（FOMO就是害怕错
过。），可知我们要坚信自己最需要什么。G.You’ll think everyone is having more fun than you as a teenager.
（你会觉得每个人都比你十几岁时玩得更开心。）符合语境。故选G。
5．由上文“It might not seem like it when you’re eighteen.”（当你十八岁的时候可能就不是这样了。）以及
前文所提及的那些情况，可知应该构成转折关系，如何你能避免FOMO，所有这些都会成为现实。D. But
all of that will be true in time.（但所有这些终将成为现实。）符合语境。故选D。
Passage 2
（2024·湖北襄阳·一模）Hop on the Silent Walking Trend
Silent walking involves walking outdoors without distractions like music or conversations, focusing on the
mind-body-nature connection. 6 That’s a slower, lower-impact way to relax and is great for fitness. Here’s
everything you need to know about the trend.
Select a natural setting and fully engage your senses. For reaping the mental health benefits, it is
recommended to find a quiet and peaceful natural location. 7 Meanwhile, consciously observing the sights,
sounds, smells, and physical sensations during the walk can significantly impact cognitive and emotional well-
being.
To stimulate the mind, consider exploring different routes than usual. Without your favourite podcast or
playlist, you might slip into boredom on your walk. 8 And it might even be good for your brain. Scientists
applaud the virtue s of boredom for brain health, believing that it boosts creativity and improves social connections.
And if you do get bored, rest assured that it shows you’ve disconnected from external distractions. Go with it, and
make sure you take a different route each time — it’ll keep you motivated.
Start off with five-minute silent walks and eventually build up to thirty minutes. If you’re usually a
headphone wearer, it will feel super weird to walk without your go-to tunes, but give yourself a second to adjust.
Chances are, once you’re a few minutes into your silent walk, you’ll feel the magic kick in. 9
Regular reflection and ongoing documentation are essential. After completing a silent walk, take time to
reflect upon any emerging thoughts, feelings, or insights. 10 Journaling about the experience can also
solidify connections between thoughts and ideas, providing a valuable tool for self-reflection and growth.
A．But being bored won’t hurt you.
B．Taking different paths can lead to exciting discoveries.
C．However, you’ll start noticing the urban landscape around you.
D．Adjusting the routine gradually can help ease into the experience.
E．They can deepen understanding and serve as a record of personal growth.
F．Unlike exercise-oriented walking, it isn’t about reaching certain speed or steps.
G．In such an environment, you can immerse yourself in the natural soundscape (音景).【答案】6．F 7．G 8．A 9．D 10．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了无声散步的好处，号召人们跟上无声散步的潮流。
6．上文“Silent walking involves walking outdoors without distractions like music or conversations, focusing on
the mind-body-nature connection. (无声散步指的是在户外散步，没有音乐或谈话等干扰，专注于身心自然的
联系)”介绍无声散步的特点，选项F“不像以运动为导向的散步，它不需要达到一定的速度或步数。”承接
上文，继续介绍无声散步，说明它不需要达到一定的速度或步数，引领下文“That’s a slower, lower-impact
way to relax and is great for fitness.(这是一种更慢、更低影响的放松方式，对健身很有好处)”，和选项存在因
果关系，因为不需要达到一定速度或步数，所以一种慢的放松方式。故选F项。
7．上文“For reaping the mental health benefits, it is recommended to find a quiet and peaceful natural location.
(为了获得心理健康的好处，建议找一个安静祥和的自然环境)”建议找一个安静祥和的自然环境，选项
G“在这样的环境中，你可以沉浸在自然音景中。”承接上文，和上文存在因果关系，因为是一个安静祥和
的自然环境，没有人为的声音，所以人就可以沉浸在自然音景中。故选G项。
8．上文“Without your favourite podcast or playlist, you might slip into boredom on your walk. (没有你最喜欢
的播客或播放列表，你可能会在散步时陷入无聊)”说明没有音乐，可能会陷入无聊，选项A“但是无聊不会
伤害你。”承接上文，说明无聊并没有伤害，引领下文“And it might even be good for your brain.(它甚至对
你的大脑有好处)”，说明无聊还有好处。选项中being bored和上文中boredom语义一致，故选A项。
9．上文“Start off with five-minute silent walks and eventually build up to thirty minutes. If you’re usually a
headphone wearer, it will feel super weird to walk without your go-to tunes, but give yourself a second to adjust.
(从5分钟的无声散步开始，逐渐增加到30分钟。如果你经常戴着耳机，走路时不带耳机会感觉超级奇怪，
但给自己一点时间来适应)”建议要逐渐适应日常习惯的改变，选项D“逐渐调整日常习惯有助于适应这种体
验。”呼应本段主题，建议逐渐调整适应。故选D项。
10．上文“Regular reflection and ongoing documentation are essential. After completing a silent walk, take time
to reflect upon any emerging thoughts, feelings, or insights.(定期反思和持续记录是必不可少的。在完成一次无
声散步后，花点时间反思任何浮现的想法、感觉或见解)”建议定期反思和持续记录，选项E“它们可以加深
理解，并作为个人成长的记录。”承接上文，说明反思和记录的意义。故选E项。
Passage 3
（23-24高三下·云南昆明·阶段练习）It is likely that you've heard that the pitter-pattering (噼啪声) of
raindrops can help people fall asleep. There's also research that supports the idea that rain sounds are a useful sleep
aid. Here's what to know.
11
Rain sounds mask other sharper noises in your environment. Think of a dripping faucet (水龙头) in the other
room —in silence, it could be very annoying. With a masking background of wind in the leaves, a soft rain, or some
gentle waves playing on a speaker, the drip would never be detected. 12 .
Rain sounds might literally hit the right frequencies
By masking background sounds, rain tracks might seem like they're just ordinary white noise ——but they
aren't. Named after colors, white noise is an umbrella term for a variety of sounds. Rain sounds are considered pinknoise, which is characterized by louder sounds at a low frequency and softer sounds at high frequencies. 13 .
But this may not be the case for everyone.
Rain sounds have a calming effect
Apart from helping people fall asleep, rain sounds can be straight-up relaxing. It may be explained by the
fact that they're a natural sound and natural sounds are psychologically beneficial. 14 . For example, people
exposed to nature sounds in a 2017 study had an increased nerve response, which means that the calming part of
their nervous system was activated by these tracks.
Rain sounds could be meat or poison
15 . Different sounds will bring out different responses depending on the individual. One person's
gentle rain is others' flood worry or need to go to the bathroom. Similarly, gentle rain with distant thunder is
calming for some and alarming for others. Will they work for you? There's only one way to find out!
A．Rain sounds hide other noises
B．Rain sounds are a universal tool
C．White noise makes people fall asleep quickly
D．So rain sounds can create a calming background “music”
E．Rain sounds might help someone, but they're not for everyone
F．Pink noise in particular can improve sleep in healthy individuals
G．The benefits include increased learning capacity and reduced anxiety
【答案】11．A 12．D 13．F 14．G 15．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了雨声如何帮助人们入睡，以及相关的科学研究支持这一观点。文章还
讨论了雨声的频率特性、其对人们心理的益处，以及雨声对不同个体可能产生的不同效果。
11．根据下文“Rain sounds mask other sharper noises in your environment.(雨声掩盖了你周围环境中其他更
尖锐的噪音)”可知，这一段主要讲述雨声能隐藏其他噪音，A选项“Rain sounds hide other noises(雨声隐藏
其他噪音)”能概括该段内容，故选A项。
12．根据上文“With a masking background of wind in the leaves, a soft rain, or some gentle waves playing on a
speaker, the drip would never be detected(在树叶间的风声、柔和的雨声或扬声器里播放的一些轻柔海浪声的
掩盖背景下，滴水声永远不会被察觉)”可知，雨声能创造一个平静的背景，D选项“So rain sounds can
create a calming background “music”(所以雨声可以创造出平静的背景“音乐”)”与上文逻辑连贯，故选D项。
13．根据上文“Rain sounds are considered pink noise, which is characterized by louder sounds at a low
frequency and softer sounds at high frequencies(雨声被认为是粉红噪音，其特点是低频声音较大，高频声音较
柔和)”以及下文“But this may not be the case for everyone(但并非对每个人都是如此)”可知，此处应提及粉
红噪音对部分人的积极作用，F选项“Pink noise in particular can improve sleep in healthy individuals(尤其粉
红噪音可以改善健康个体的睡眠)”符合上下文语境，故选F项。
14．根据上文“It may be explained by the fact that they're a natural sound and natural sounds are psychologically
beneficial(这也许可以解释为它们是一种自然的声音，而自然的声音在心理上是有益的)”可知，接下来应进一步说明其带来的好处，G选项“The benefits include increased learning capacity and reduced anxiety(好处包
括提高学习能力和减少焦虑)”符合文意，故选G项。
15．根据下文“Different sounds will bring out different responses depending on the individual(不同的声音会根
据个人产生不同的反应)”可知，可知，雨声对不同的人可能产生不同的效果，有些人可能觉得雨声有助于
放松，而对另一些人则可能引起担忧或其他反应，E选项“Rain sounds might help someone, but they're not
for everyone(雨声可能对某些人有帮助，但并非对每个人都适用)”能够引出下文，故选E项。
Passage 4
（2024·江西·一模）Everyone knows that early to bed and early to rise is good for your health. Having
maintained adequate sleep, people can keep themselves refreshed and dynamic. 16 Here are some steps
to take to become a morning person on a freezing day.
Seek out as much natural light as possible. 17 When you wake up, go outside for a relaxed walk
around the block, or sit out back while you have a cup of coffee. To avoid being in a sleep state all along, you’d
better rethink the black-out curtains you might use to make a very dark sleeping environment.
18 If you fly straight into getting up at your desired time every day, you’ll feel tired during the
transition within a few weeks. For some people, those first few days of exhaustion from switching to a new
schedule aren’t safe and hard to bear. In that case, gradually ease into the early-bird life. They are supposed to shift
half an hour, wait a few days, shift another half an hour, wait a few days, and then shift another half an hour. 19
De-stress and relax in the evenings. A consistent bedtime isn’t as crucial as sticking to the same wake up
time every day, but it’s still important to make sure you’re getting enough sleep. 20 So you’ll probably
need to inch your bedtime forward as you transition to a new schedule. Start at least an hour before you hit the bed
and cut back on stuff related to daily life.
With all these tips, you’re not dreading it if you think of getting up early on a chilly winter.
A．Cultivate the habit gradually.
B．That’s a little easier for people to tolerate.
C．The sun is the driver of our internal clock.
D．Get rid of the previous sleep patterns instantly.
E．Therefore, developing a healthy sleeping habit is of great significance.
F．Without sufficient hours of sleep, the mind and body can’t properly recharge.
G．However, it usually takes a lot of willpower to get out of bed early on a winter’s day.
【答案】16．G 17．C 18．A 19．B 20．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。早睡早起有益健康，但生活中，晚起对许多人来说是常态。文章为读者推荐了
“无痛早起”的4条指南。
16．根据上文“Everyone knows that early to bed and early to rise is good for your health. Having maintained
adequate sleep, people can keep themselves refreshed and dynamic. (每个人都知道早睡早起对你的健康有好处。
保持充足的睡眠，人们可以使自己精神焕发，充满活力。)”以及后文“Here are some steps to take to becomea morning person on a freezing day. (这里有一些步骤，让你在寒冷的天气里成为一个早起的人。)”可知，本
句与上文构成转折，指出在冬天早起存在困难。故G选项“然而，在冬天早起通常需要很大的意志力。”
符合语境，故选G。
17．根据上文“Seek out as much natural light as possible. (尽可能多地寻找自然光。)”以及后文“When you
wake up, go outside for a relaxed walk around the block, or sit out back while you have a cup of coffee. To avoid
being in a sleep state all along, you’d better rethink the black-out curtains you might use to make a very dark
sleeping environment. (当你醒来的时候，到外面走走，绕着街区放松一下，或者坐在外面喝杯咖啡。为了
避免一直处于睡眠状态，你最好重新考虑一下你可能用来制造非常黑暗的睡眠环境的遮光窗帘。)”可知，
本句说明寻找自然光的原因。故C选项“太阳是我们生物钟的驱动者。”符合语境，故选C。
18．根据后文“If you fly straight into getting up at your desired time every day, you’ll feel tired during the
transition within a few weeks. For some people, those first few days of exhaustion from switching to a new
schedule aren’t safe and hard to bear. In that case, gradually ease into the early-bird life. They are supposed to shift
half an hour, wait a few days, shift another half an hour, wait a few days, and then shift another half an hour. (如果
你每天都在你想要的时间起床，你会在几周内感到疲倦。对一些人来说，转换到一个新时间表的头几天的
疲惫是不安全的，难以忍受的。在这种情况下，逐渐进入早起鸟的生活。他们应该换班半小时，等几天，
再换班半小时，等几天，然后再换班半小时。)”可知，后文主要说明了培养早起的习惯需要时间。故A选
项“逐渐培养这个习惯。”符合语境，故选A。
19．根据上文“For some people, those first few days of exhaustion from switching to a new schedule aren’t safe
and hard to bear. In that case, gradually ease into the early-bird life. They are supposed to shift half an hour, wait a
few days, shift another half an hour, wait a few days, and then shift another half an hour. (对一些人来说，转换到
一个新时间表的头几天的疲惫是不安全的，难以忍受的。在这种情况下，逐渐进入早起鸟的生活。他们应
该换班半小时，等几天，再换班半小时，等几天，然后再换班半小时。)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，故
承接上文，说明上文的做法的好处。故B选项“这对人们来说更容易忍受。”符合语境，故选B。
20．根据上文“De-stress and relax in the evenings. A consistent bedtime isn’t as crucial as sticking to the same
wake up time every day, but it’s still important to make sure you’re getting enough sleep. (晚上减压放松。固定的
就寝时间并不像每天坚持相同的起床时间那么重要，但确保你得到足够的睡眠仍然很重要。)”可知，本句
主要说明充足睡眠的重要性。故F选项“没有充足的睡眠时间，身心就不能正常充电。”符合语境，故选
F。
Passage 5
（2024·河北保定·二模）Writing a successful English speech can be a challenging task, but with the
following tips, you can create a powerful and engaging speech. 21
The first step in crafting a convincing speech is to know who will be listening. Consider the interests and
knowledge level of them. Tailor your language, examples and tone to resonate with them and make a
connection.Organize your speeches
22 . Start with a strong opening that grabs the audience’s attention, introduce your main points in the body
of the speech, and end with a memorable conclusion that strengthens your message. Use transitions to smoothly
guide your audience from one point to the next.Make your speeches persuasiveTo make your speeches persuasive, use powerful and convincing language. Choose words that evoke (唤起)
emotion, imagery or action. Use rhetorical devices (修辞手法) like repetition, parallelism and metaphors to
enhance your message and make it memorable. 23 .Practice and get feedback
The key to delivering a successful speech is practice. Rehearse your speeches multiple times to improve your
delivery, timing and confidence. 24 . Seek feedback from peers or teachers to get different perspectives
and identify areas for improvement.
With these tips, you can deliver a wonderful speech. 25 . Remember, the more you improve your
skills, the better you will become at delivering attractive speeches.
A．Understand your audience
B．Collect relevant information
C．Persuade your audience to listen carefully
D．It will leave a lasting impression on your audience
E．A well-structured speech has a clear beginning, middle and end
F．Consider recording yourself in front of a mirror to observe your gestures
G．Support your arguments with examples to add credibility to your speeches
【答案】21．A 22．E 23．G 24．F 25．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了发表精彩的演讲的一些建议。
21．根据本段段落内容“The first step in crafting a convincing speech is to know who will be listening. Consider
the interests and knowledge level of them. Tailor your language, examples and tone to resonate with them and make
a connection. (要想做一个有说服力的演讲，第一步就是要知道谁会听。考虑他们的兴趣和知识水平。调整
你的语言、例子和语气，让他们产生共鸣，并建立联系)”可知，本段主要建议了解演讲的听众，根据听众
来准备自己的演讲，空处作为段落小标题，应该与了解听众相关，且需和其他段落小标题一样使用祈使句
的形式，A项“Understand your audience (了解你的听众)”符合语境，契合段落内容。故选A。
22．本段标题是“Organize your speeches (组织你的演讲)”，后文“Start with a strong opening that grabs the
audience’s attention, introduce your main points in the body of the speech, and end with a memorable conclusion
that strengthens your message. (以一个强有力的开头来吸引听众的注意力，在演讲的主体部分介绍你的主要
观点，以一个令人难忘的结论来加强你的信息)”具体介绍演讲的开头、主体和结尾应该如何组织，空处应
该和演讲的组织架构相关，E项“A well-structured speech has a clear beginning, middle and end (一篇结构良
好的演讲有清晰的开头、中间和结尾)”符合语境，呼应标题，引出后文。故选E。
23．前文“Choose words that evoke (唤起) emotion, imagery or action. Use rhetorical devices (修辞手法) like
repetition, parallelism and metaphors to enhance your message and make it memorable. (选择能唤起情感、意象
或行动的词语。使用重复、平行和隐喻等修辞手段来强化你的信息，使其易于记忆)”具体介绍了演讲中可
以使用的增强说服力的语言手段，空处应该也是增强说服力的语言手段，G项“Support your arguments
with examples to add credibility to your speeches (用例子来支持你的论点，增加你演讲的可信度)”符合语境，
和前文是平行关系。故选G。24．前文“Rehearse your speeches multiple times to improve your delivery, timing and confidence. (多次排练你
的演讲，以提高你的表达、时机和信心)”建议经常排练，后文“Seek feedback from peers or teachers to get
different perspectives and identify areas for improvement. (寻求同伴或老师的反馈，以获得不同的观点，并确
定需要改进的地方)”建议寻求他人的反馈，空处应该和记录排练，自我观察相关，F项“Consider recording
yourself in front of a mirror to observe your gestures (考虑在镜子前记录自己，观察你的手势)”符合语境，承上
启下。故选F。
25．前文“With these tips, you can deliver a wonderful speech. (有了这些技巧，你就能发表精彩的演讲)”指出
这些技巧对发表精彩的演讲是有效的，空处应该会描述演讲的效果，D项“It will leave a lasting impression
on your audience (这会给你的听众留下持久的印象)”符合语境，承接前文，其中的It指代前文的a wonderful
speech。故选D。
Passage 6
（2024·湖南郴州·模拟预测）Find the learning style that suits you best
To succeed academically, you need to be productive. To be productive, you need to find a suitable learning
style. Whether it’s for everyday learning or revising for exams, the learning style that helps you achieve maximum
productivity will be crucial. 26
Note-taking
Note-taking can include copying out passages of books or summarizing concepts on notecards. 27
The problem with note-taking is that it’s all too easy simply to copy out what someone else says without really
taking it in.
28
Sometimes you might find that you learn things more easily if you have to explain a concept to someone
else. This is because in order to explain something clearly to someone else, you have to have a thorough grasp of it
yourself. For example, giving a presentation to fellow students will require you first to have an excellent
understanding of the topic and then to put together materials from which the others can learn.
Learning by doing
This method means that rather than reading things in books, try to experience things in real life. 29
Experiencing things practically gives your brain something concrete to remember, so you will absorb the
information more easily.
Tests and mock exams (模拟考试)
30 If you’re the sort of person who benefits from these sorts of challenges, you could try asking
your teacher, parents or study buddies to set a mock exam to test what you’ve learned on a particular topic.
A．Explaining to others
B．Diagrams and mind maps
C．If so, visual methods of learning might suit you best.
D．Here are some common learning styles and choose one that suits you best!
E．Some people like them because they provide strong motivation to succeed.
F．It’s a classic learning method, but may not be the best way for everyone to learn.G．For example, you could conduct a scientific experiment or observe how a chemical reaction works.
【答案】26．D 27．F 28．A 29．G 30．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。找到最适合自己的学习方式对于学术成功至关重要。本文介绍了笔记记录、教
授他人、实践学习和模拟考试等四种学习风格，帮助你找到最适合自己的方法。
26．根据上文“To succeed academically, you need to be productive. To be productive, you need to find a suitable
learning style. Whether it’s for everyday learning or revising for exams, the learning style that helps you achieve
maximum productivity will be crucial.(要在学业上取得成功，你需要富有成效。为了提高效率，你需要找到
一种合适的学习方式。无论是日常学习还是考试复习，帮助你达到最高效率的学习方式都是至关重要的)”
可知，上文提到了学习方式的重要性，后文列举了四种学习方式，可知本句承上启下，故D选项“这里有
一些常见的学习方式，选择一个最适合你的！”，介绍了文章主题，符合语境，故选D。
27．根据后文“The problem with note-taking is that it’s all too easy simply to copy out what someone else says
without really taking it in.(做笔记的问题在于，你很容易把别人说的话抄下来，却没有真正理解)”可知，后
文指出做笔记存在的问题，说明这种方法不适用每个人。故F选项“这是一种经典的学习方法，但可能不
是对每个人都最好的学习方法”符合语境，代词“It”指代上文阐述的内容。故选F。
28．设空处为小标题；根据本段内容“Sometimes you might find that you learn things more easily if you have
to explain a concept to someone else. This is because in order to explain something clearly to someone else, you
have to have a thorough grasp of it yourself. For example, giving a presentation to fellow students will require you
first to have an excellent understanding of the topic and then to put together materials from which the others can
learn.(有时你可能会发现，如果你必须向别人解释一个概念，你学东西会更容易。这是因为为了向别人清
楚地解释一些事情，你自己必须对它有一个彻底的掌握。例如，给同学做报告需要你首先对主题有一个很
好的理解，然后把其他人可以学习的材料放在一起)”可知，该段主要讲向别人解释一个概念时，学东西会
更容易些，因为为了向别人清楚地解释一些事情，你自己必须对它有一个彻底的掌握。A选项“向他人解
释”能够概括本段主旨，选项中“Explaining to others”与下文第一句中“explain a concept to someone else”
表达一致。故选A。
29．根据上文“This method means that rather than reading things in books, try to experience things in real life.
(这种方法的意思是，与其读书本上的东西，不如去体验现实生活中的东西)”可知，空格前说的是与其读书
本上的东西，不如去体验现实生活中的东西；G选项“例如，你可以进行科学实验或观察化学反应是如何
进行的”承接上文，对如何体验现实生活中的东西进行举例说明，符合语境，故选G。
30．由小标题“Tests and mock exams (模拟考试)”以及根据后文“If you’re the sort of person who benefits
from these sorts of challenges, you could try asking your teacher, parents or study buddies to set a mock exam to
test what you’ve learned on a particular topic.(如果你是那种从这些挑战中受益的人，你可以试着让你的老师、
父母或学习伙伴设置一个模拟考试来测试你在某个特定主题上学到了什么)”可知，本段建议那种从这些挑
战中受益的人，可以试着让自己的老师、父母或学习伙伴设置一个模拟考试来测试你在某个特定主题上学
到了什么。因此，前面应该是说考试方面的事情；E选项“有些人喜欢它们，因为它们为成功提供了强大
的动力。”指出有些人喜欢考试是因为考试给予他们成功的动力，下文中的the sort of person who benefitsfrom these sorts of challenges指从考试中获得成功动力的人，选项中的“them”指代标题中的“Tests and
mock exams”，由此可知，E选项符合语境。故选E。
Passage 7
（2024·湖北·模拟预测）Strategies to Overcome Self-Doubt Once and For All
Being self-confident is not easy and not everyone can do it, but it doesn’t need to be that difficult. 31
Going through life can be very challenging at times. When we were young, no one told us how hard it will
be in the future but here we are. 32 And it is unpleasing and can kill your confidence levels if not
controlled from the beginning.
We will all experience some self-doubt, which is natural. 33 It happens to us during normal days
or whenever we are going to start a new job, a new task, or a new relationship, anything new in life will make you
self-doubt. This sort of feeling puts you into dark days when nothing seems to go right and you might feel like
giving up, and that is the time to be strong.
34 Self-doubt is when you are unsure about one or more aspects of yourself. For example, when
starting a new job, you might feel inexperienced or might think that you are not fit enough for the job, and this is a
prime example of self-doubt.
35 Low-level of self-criticism is actually good for you. It motivates you and pushes you to be
better in life, to become greater than yesterday. This type of feeling will push you to work harder and faster than
before and will also increase your productivity, but it should be a low level of self-criticism. You don’t want to
punish yourself over things that are beyond your control.
A．We needn’t take it seriously.
B．It’s impossible for us to deal with it.
C．One of the big problems of adult life is having self-doubt.
D．Self-doubt isn’t all that bad, let us tell you why.
E．Let’s explore to find ways to remove self-doubt forever.
F．It will take long for us to solve this problem.
G．There are some people mistaking self-doubt for something else.
【答案】31．E 32．C 33．A 34．G 35．D
【导语】本文为说明文。自信并不容易，不是每个人都能做到，但也没必要那么困难。随后作者向我们介
绍了一劳永逸地克服自我怀疑的策略。
31．根据小标题“Strategies to Overcome Self-Doubt Once and For All”（一劳永逸地克服自我怀疑的策
略）和上文“Being self-confident is not easy and not everyone can do it, but it doesn’t need to be that
difficult.”（自信并不容易，不是每个人都能做到，但也没必要那么困难）可知，下一句应该是怎样做到自
信这一点 。故E选项“让我们一起探索永远消除自我怀疑的方法”。同时也是一个引起下文的句子。故
选E项。
32．根据小标题“Strategies to Overcome Self-Doubt Once and For All”（一劳永逸地克服自我怀疑的策略），上文“When we were young, no one told us how hard it will be in the future but here we are.”（当我们年
轻的时候，没有人告诉我们未来会有多难，但我们现在已经成年）可知，本空应该说明成年人面临的问题
即“自我怀疑”，下文“And it is unpleasing and can kill your confidence levels if not controlled from the
beginning.”（如果从一开始就不加以控制，这会让你感到不快，并可能扼杀你的信心水平）中的 it也是指
“自我怀疑”（self-doubt），故C选项“成年人生活中的一个大问题是自我怀疑”切题。故选C项。
33．根据上文“We will all experience some self-doubt, which is natural.”（我们都会经历一些自我怀疑，这是
很自然的。）可知，自我怀疑是很自然的事情，下文“This sort of feeling puts you into dark days when
nothing seems to go right and you might feel like giving up, and that is the time to be strong.”（这种（自我怀
疑）感觉会让你陷入黑暗的日子，当一切似乎都不对劲时，你可能会想放弃，而这正是坚强的时候）也是
对“自我怀疑不是大事”的进一步说明。故A选项“我们没必要把它当回事儿”切题。故选A项。
34．根据下文“Self-doubt is when you are unsure about one or more aspects of yourself.”（自我怀疑是指你对
自己的一个或多个方面不确定）可知，下文以“什么是真正的自我怀疑”来对前文给予驳斥。故上文是关
于对自我怀疑的错误看法。故G选项“有些人把自我怀疑错当成了别的东西”切题。故选G项。
35．根据下文“Low-level of self-criticism is actually good for you. It motivates you and pushes you to be better
in life, to become greater than yesterday.”（低水平的自我批评实际上对你有好处。它激励你，推动你在生活
中变得更好，变得比昨天更伟大）可知，自我怀疑并不是那么糟糕，也有好处。故D选项“自我怀疑并不
是那么糟糕，让我们来告诉你为什么”切题。承接下文。故选D项。
Passage 8
（2024·四川成都·模拟预测）Tips for Positive Thinking When Depressed
If you’re wondering how to become more positive when depressed, you may need some actionable tips to get
started. 36
Keep a positive journal. Positive thoughts can be few and far between when you have depression. 37
Even if it’s something as small as seeing a beautiful flower or receiving a supportive text from a friend, keep a
record of your better moments.
38 Next time you feel hopeless in the face of difficulties, imagine the most positive outcome. For
example, you might dislike having depression, but imagine that one day you could use your story to help others —
to start a support group or write a book.
Ask yourself if your negative beliefs are really true. Next time you observe a negative thought entering your
mind, ask yourself: “Is there basis for this thought?” For example, has anyone ever told you that you were a terrible
friend apart from yourself? 39 What about all the times you’ve been supportive or helpful to the people in
your life? Hold your negative thoughts up for inspection and you’ll soon see which are worth your attention.
40 During depression, however, it often feels easier to hide under your covers and let the negative
thoughts takeover than try to change your patterns. Try to challenge yourself during your stronger moments to try to
find something to feel positive about.
A．How might that feel?
B．Here are some ideas.
C．Adjust mood to get a positive result.D．Building healthy habits can be hard at the best of times.
E．If so, is that person’s opinion the only one you truly value?
F．Take a challenging situation and imagine the most positive outcome.
G．So each time a happy or hopeful thought comes into your head, write it down.
【答案】36．B 37．G 38．F 39．E 40．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了抑郁时积极思考的一些建议。
36．前文“If you’re wondering how to become more positive when depressed, you may need some actionable tips
to get started. (如果你想知道如何在抑郁时变得更积极，你可能需要一些可行的建议来开始)”提到在抑郁时
变得更积极需要可行的建议，后文段落具体介绍了这些建议，空处应该指出有这样一些建议，因此B项
“Here are some ideas. (这里有一些想法)”符合语境，承上启下。故选B。
37．段首句“Keep a positive journal. (坚持写积极向上的日记)”建议记录积极向上的想法，前文“Positive
thoughts can be few and far between when you have depression. (当你抑郁时，积极的想法可能很少)”提到抑郁
时积极的想法会很少，后文“Even if it’s something as small as seeing a beautiful flower or receiving a
supportive text from a friend, keep a record of your better moments. (即使是看到一朵美丽的花或收到朋友的支
持短信这样的小事，也要记录下你的美好时刻)”具体指出很美好的小事也值得记录，空处应该是建议及时
记录下那些积极的想法，因此G项“So each time a happy or hopeful thought comes into your head, write it
down. (所以每当一个快乐或充满希望的想法进入你的脑海时，把它写下来)”符合语境，呼应段首句，承上
启下。故选G。
38．根据后文“Next time you feel hopeless in the face of difficulties, imagine the most positive outcome. For
example, you might dislike having depression, but imagine that one day you could use your story to help others—to
start a support group or write a book. (下次当你在困难面前感到绝望时，想象一下最积极的结果。例如，你可
能不喜欢抑郁，但想象有一天你可以用你的故事来帮助别人——成立一个支持小组或写一本书)”可知，本
段主要建议想象一下最积极的结果，空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，应该与此相关，且需和其他段首句一
样使用祈使句的形式。因此F项“Take a challenging situation and imagine the most positive outcome. (面对一
个具有挑战性的情况，想象最积极的结果)”符合语境，可统领段落内容。故选F。
39．前文“Next time you observe a negative thought entering your mind, ask yourself: “Is there basis for this
thought?” For example, has anyone ever told you that you were a terrible friend apart from yourself? (下次当你看
到一个消极的想法进入你的脑海时，问问自己：“这个想法有根据吗”例如，除了你自己，有没有人告诉
过你，你是一个糟糕的朋友)”建议在有消极的想法时，质疑自己的想法，向自己提问，后文“What about
all the times you’ve been supportive or helpful to the people in your life? (那你在生活中支持或帮助别人的时候
呢)”依然是提问的问题，空处应该也是一个向自己提问的问题，因此E项“If so, is that person’s opinion the
only one you truly value? (如果是这样，那个人的意见是你唯一真正看重的吗)”符合语境，承接前一句中的
问题。故选E。
40．根据后文“During depression, however, it often feels easier to hide under your covers and let the negative
thoughts takeover than try to change your patterns. Try to challenge yourself during your stronger moments to try tofind something to feel positive about. (然而，在抑郁期间，躲在被子里让消极的想法接管比尝试改变你的模
式更容易。在你情绪较好的时候，试着挑战自己，试着找到一些让你感到积极的事情)”可知，本段主要指
出在抑郁期间改变自己很困难，应在情绪较好时去找让自己感到积极的事情，空处作为段首句，应该与养
成积极想法很困难相关，因此D项“Building healthy habits can be hard at the best of times. (即使在最好的时
候，养成健康的习惯也很难)”符合语境，契合后文内容。故选D。
Passage 9
（2024·福建宁德·三模）Up until the1980s, people in many countries regularly followed in their parents’
footsteps by working in the family business or joining the same profession as them. In your grandparents’ time,
there was the prospect of doing the same job from graduation until retirement. 1 Most people now have
no intention of following in their parents’ footsteps or even staying at one job for very long.
In fact, planning to work in the same field for your entire working life just isn’t practical anymore. One
reason for this is technology. The skills you have now are unlikely to remain relevant. 2 And then what
will you do? Work hard? Win the lottery? Hope for the best? You might be lucky. But most of us today have to look
beyond the little box called “career”.
If you think you can work eight hours a day and build a career, think again. It is hardly a recipe for great
career success. 3 Keep doing this, you can become a specialist in something one day. You have a chance
to choose to build a career, rather than being told to stay or to go.
4 You may have to go back to the classroom and be retrained to qualify to work in another field. It
is entirely your choice to learn, or to be forced to learn.
In short, lifetime security from one employer is no longer certain. 5 It is up to you to decide what
you can do and how well you can do it.
A．Are you ready for this?
B．How times have changed!
C．They will probably be out of date very soon.
D．The truth is that you are the boss of your career.
E．These skills should have brought you a nice, comfortable life.
F．What if your job disappears after working for 10 years in the field?
G．Instead. you’d better keep looking for smarter ways to do your work.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．G 4．F 5．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要说明了在如今的职场中，大多数人不再打算追随父母的脚步，甚至不
再打算在一份工作上待很长时间，并分析了其原因。
1．根据上文“In your grandparents’ time, there was the prospect of doing the same job from graduation until
retirement.（在你祖父母的时代，从毕业到退休都要做同样的工作。）”和下文“Most people now have no
intention of following in their parents’ footsteps or even staying at one job for very long.(现在大多数人都不想追
随父母的脚步，甚至不想在一份工作上待很长时间)”可知，上下文形成对比，意在表明现在大多数人与过
去的情况不同。空处应该承上启下，起到过渡的作用。B选项“How times have changed!（时代变了！）”符合文意。故选B。
2．根据上文“One reason for this is technology. The skills you have now are unlikely to remain relevant.(其中一
个原因是技术。你现在拥有的技能不太可能一直保持相关性。)”可知，此处意在表明现在拥有的技能有过
时的可能性。C选项“They will probably be out of date very soon.(它们可能很快就会过时)”符合文意，承接
上文。故选C。
3．根据上文“If you think you can work eight hours a day and build a career, think again. It is hardly a recipe for
great career success.(如果你认为你可以每天工作8小时并建立一份事业，那再想想吧。这很难成为事业成功
的秘诀)”可知，此处意在表明不能每天只工作8小时，而要用更好的方法工作。G选项“Instead, you’d
better keep looking for smarter ways to do your work.(相反，你最好继续寻找更聪明的工作方法)”符合文意，
承接上文。故选G。
4．根据下文“You may have to go back to the classroom and be retrained to qualify to work in another field.(你
可能需要回到课堂接受再培训，才有资格在另一个领域工作)”可知，此处意在提出假设，即如果工作在将
来消失了该怎么办。F选项“What if your job disappears after working for 10 years in the field?(如果你在这个
领域工作了10年后，你的工作消失了怎么办？)”符合文意，引出下文。故选F。
5．根据上文“In short, lifetime security from one employer is no longer certain.(简而言之，从一个雇主那里获
得终身保障已不再可靠)”可知，此处强调个人在职业生涯中的主体地位。D选项“The truth is that you are
the boss of your career.(事实是，你是自己职业生涯的老板)”符合文意，承接上文。故选D。
Passage 10
（23-24高三下·江西赣州·期中）Do We Really Need Cash Anymore?
When the Covid-19 pandemic spread around the globe, many banks took action. People were encouraged to
avoid using cash and make electronic payments where possible. 6 In the UK, the number of contactless
payments increased by 36% between 2020 and 2021.
7 After all, it comes with many advantages. For a start, it’s safer, as cash is easily stolen. Credit and
debit cards are too, but it’s possible to trace payments and cancel the cards. Mobile payments are even more secure.
As well as that, all your transactions(交易) are logged, making record-keeping far simpler.
However, it seems as if we are just not ready to say goodbye to cash for good. Recent data shows that cash
has made a comeback since the cost of living started to rise steeply. That’s not unusual since people tend to prefer
having paper money at hand when times are hard. 8 But with electronic payments, it’s harder to keep track
of where your money is going.
Even if cash payments do not vanish entirely, our economies are changing to become far less reliant on cash
than they once were. And while switching to electronic payments is simple and convenient for many people, this
isn’t true for everyone. An increasing number of stores have stopped accepting cash payments altogether, meaning
that such people may become more marginalized (边缘化). Moreover, alongside the decline in cash usage, the
number of ATMs and local banks has dropped significantly. 9
Despite the popularity of electronic transactions, one thing is clear: 1 0 And as companies rush
towards finding ever more convenient transaction methods, it’s important not to abandon those who prefer to pay in
the traditional way.A．The public responded positively.
B．Using notes and coins helps people budget.
C．It was the case during the Great Depression.
D．Cashless transactions make it easier for them to collect data.
E．They won’t become the only method, at least in the near future.
F．Today, the cashless economy is becoming more and more popular.
G．This makes access to cash increasingly hard for those who depend on it.
【答案】6．A 7．F 8．B 9．G 10．E
【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文探讨了无现金交易经济流行背景下电子交易的优点，但它不会是唯一的支
付方式，现金交易将会继续存在。
6．设空处位于段中，根据空处前文“When the Covid-19 pandemic spread around the globe, many banks took
action. People were encouraged to avoid using cash and make electronic payments where possible. (当新冠肺炎疫
情在全球蔓延时，许多银行采取了行动。鼓励人们避免使用现金，尽可能使用电子支付。)”，再结合空处
后文 “In the UK, the number of contactless payments increased by 36% between 2020 and 2021.(在英国，2020
年至2021年间，非接触式支付的数量增长了36%。)”，由此可推断设空处应该是银行采取行动后，公众使
用电子支付的情况，A项“公众反应积极。”符合题意。故选A。
7．设空处位于段首，属于本段的主题句。根据本空下文“After all, it comes with many advantages. (毕竟，
它有很多优点。)”，可知本段主要介绍无现金交易的优点，并且本空和本段后文构成因果关系。无现金交
易有很多优点，所以无现金经济正变得越来越流行。F项“如今，无现金经济越来越受欢迎。”符合题意。
故选F。
8．根据空前“Recent data shows that cash has made a comeback since the cost of living started to rise steeply.
That’s not unusual since people tend to prefer having paper money at hand when times are hard. (最近的数据显示，
自从生活成本开始急剧上升以来，现金已经卷土重来。这并不罕见，因为在困难时期，人们往往更喜欢手
头有纸币。)”可知最近的数据显示，自从生活成本开始急剧上升以来，现金已经卷土重来，人们往往更喜
欢手头有纸币。再结合后文“But with electronic payments, it’s harder to keep track of where your money is
going. (但使用电子支付，很难跟踪你的钱去了哪里。)”可知设空处与前文衔接连贯，与后文形成对比，即：
使用纸币与硬币，人们清楚钱的去向，就能够帮助人们预算，B项“使用纸币和硬币有助于人们制定预
算。”符合题意。故选B。
9．设空前文“Moreover, alongside the decline in cash usage, the number of ATMs and local banks has dropped
significantly. (此外，随着现金使用量的下降，自动取款机和当地银行的数量也大幅下降。)”可知在现金使
用量下降的同时，自动取款机和当地银行的数量也在大幅下降，G项“这使得依赖现金的人越来越难以获
得现金。”符合题意，且与前文构成因果关系，故选G。
10．根据本空所在的整句“Despite the popularity of electronic transactions, one thing is clear: 5 (尽管电子
交易很受欢迎，但有一点是明确的)”可知，此句表转折，而冒号则是对“one thing is clear”的进一步解释与
说明，再结合空后“And as companies rush towards finding ever more convenient transaction methods, it’simportant not to abandon those who prefer to pay in the traditional way. (随着公司争相寻找更方便的交易方式，
重要的是不要抛弃那些喜欢以传统方式支付的人。)”可知，重要的是不要放弃那些喜欢用传统方式付款的
人，说明电子支付不会成为唯一的方法，现金支付不会消失，E项“至少在不久的将来，它们不会成为唯
一的方法。”符合题意。故选E。
2024年
Passage 1
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a
perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does
not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my
laptop's spellchecker. ____37____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but
I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise
Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
____38____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words
whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a
bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000
words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____39____ However, if I need to check the origin of a
word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better.
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the
English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one
definition of "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding
experience.
A. I don't often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don't want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
【答案】36. F 37. B 38. E 39. A 40. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。
【36题详解】
上文“If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语
法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.(这意味
着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。
【37题详解】
上文“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑
的拼写检查器;下文“Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-
fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词
典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体
书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes no account of the
context.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。
【38题详解】
下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose
meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.(它应该给出每个单
词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到
了字典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”
提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。
【39题详解】
下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.
(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使
用情况，A选项“I don’t often use this dictionary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下
文构成转折关系。故选A项。
【40题详解】
上文“ “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work, ” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of ”dull".(约翰逊
在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，
下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间
浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“But a dictionary can be a
pleasure to read.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，
与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。
Passage 2
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help?
Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and
communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___16___
Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making
wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online
posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape,
culture or food deeply draws you. ___17___●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though
overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of
extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___18___ Why not try a
regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?
● ___19___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll
compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy
when tourism is traditionally slower.
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination
special in the first place. ___20___ You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling?
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then?
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. E 19. A 20. G
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了如何避免“过度旅游”的现象。
【16题详解】
前文“Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and
communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.(旅游促进
理解，扩展我们的思想，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区，但旅游业的快速发展导致了某些地
区和目的地的过度旅游)”表明旅游带来了一些问题，后文“The loss of what travel offers would be
unacceptable in today’s world.(在当今世界，失去旅行所能提供的东西将是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行，
结合后文“Certainly not.(当然不)”可知，空处提问能否停止旅行，D选项“那么，我们应该停止旅行
吗？”符合语境。故选B。
【17题详解】
前文“Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the
same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food
deeply draws you.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多关于同一个地方的帖子，很
容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方)”表明不要跟风旅游，C
选项“为你而不是其他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时的感受，忠实自己的感受，不用管其余的建议，
符合语境。故选C。
【18题详解】
前文“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.(这意味着你有很多不太受欢迎的选择)
及后文“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?( 为什么不尝
试一个地区性的选择，或者看看一个热门目的地不太为人所知的景点呢)”提出建议，可以选择一些冷门的
景点，E选项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方”语境一致。故选E。【19题详解】
空处为小标题，根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.
(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的
时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容。故选A。
【20题详解】
前文“Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.(尽你的一份力，从一开始就保
护一个目的地的特别之处)”表明旅游时应保护旅游景点，后文“You may be amazed how much closer you’ll
feel to the people there.(你可能会惊讶地发现你和那里的人感觉如此亲近)”表示这样做的感受，G选项“考虑
回馈你所访问的社区”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。
Passage 3
【2024全国甲卷】What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body
needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. ____16____ But it doesn't mean saying
goodbye to the foods you love.
Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just
something to eat in between meetings. ____17____ It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body
that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.
Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to
mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if
you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. ____18____
Control emotional (情绪的) eating. ____19____ Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant
emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can
regain control over the food you eat and your feelings.
____20____ A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals
keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until
breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive
system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.
.
A Eat properly throughout the day.
B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work.
D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.
F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.
G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
【答案】16. F 17. C 18. E 19. B 20. A
【解析】
【16题详解】
上文“Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs, You should feel satisfied at the end of a
meal, but not too full. (基本上，它意味着只吃你身体需要的食物，你应该在用餐结束时感到满足，但不要太饱)”指出，进餐时不要吃太饱，吃东西要适量。下文“But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you
love. (但这并不意味着要告别你喜欢的食物)”指出，适量进食不是要放弃吃自己喜欢的食物。F项“对我们
许多人来说，节制意味着比现在少吃。”解释了何为适量进食。承上启下，符合文意，选项中的“means”
与下文一致。故选F项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Take your time. It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than
just something to eat in between meetings. (慢慢来。放慢脚步，把食物看作是有营养的东西，而不仅仅是会
议间隙吃的东西，这一点很重要)”可推知，本段主要建议读者吃东西要细嚼慢咽，不要过于急躁。C项
“上班路上不要狼吞虎咽。”承接上文。符合文意。故选C项。
【18题详解】
上文“It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. (如果你
已经准备好了不健康的零食，比如饼干，那么适量食用就更具挑战性了。)”指出，吃不健康的食物不利于
适度饮食，E项“相反，你应该选择健康的食物。”符合文意，建议读者选择健康的食物。选项中的
“healthy”与上文中的“unhealthy”相对应。故选E项。
【19题详解】
根据本段首句“Control emotional (情绪的) eating. (控制情绪化进食)”以及下文“Many of us also turn to food
to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom.(我们中的许多人也会求助于食物来处
理不愉快的情绪，如悲伤、孤独或无聊)”可推知，本段主要建议读者不要情绪化的进行暴饮暴食，要进行
健康饮食。B项“我们吃东西并不总是为了充饥。”指出有些人吃东西并不总是为了充饥，引出下文有些
人通过食物发泄情绪，符合语境。故选B项。
【20题详解】
设空处位于段首，总结全段，下文“A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating
small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day, Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14
— 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. (健康的早餐可以启动你的新陈代谢，而吃少量健康的食物可以
让你一整天都精力充沛，避免在深夜进食。尽量早点吃晚饭，禁食14 — 16个小时，直到第二天早上吃早
餐。)”指出，我们在一天中的每个时间段都要健康饮食。A项“一整天都要适当饮食。”符合语境。故选
A项。
Passage 4
【2024北京卷】If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or
a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things.
Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. ___35___ And
they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that
lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at.
___36___ The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies.
___37___ Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make
predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but
that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions.The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of
sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. ___38___ They try to include it in their
viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and
don’t know.
So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. ___39___ The choice between
being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare
mixture known as foxy hedgehog.
A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each.
B. They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes.
C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence.
D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing.
E. However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs.
F. When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional.
G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position.
【答案】35. G 36. C 37. D 38. F 39. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了拥有“刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式的两类人对于个
人和企业建立信誉度的优劣势。
【35题详解】
根据上文“Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes.(拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案)” 可
知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案，G项中They 指代上文中的Hedgehog，G项
“他们明确地站在一边或另一边，并全力支持自己的立场”说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人往往有明确
的立场，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。
【36题详解】
根据上文“They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. (他们专注于一件
事并把它做得很好。他们知道自己擅长什么)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备优点，他们可以专
注于一件事并知道自己擅长什么。C项“因此，他们的优势是（头脑）清楚和自信”进一步说明拥有“刺
猬”型思维方式的人的优点，承接上文，符合语境。故选C。
【37题详解】
根据下文“He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to
recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. (他发现，拥有“刺猬”型思
维方式的人不仅比拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人更容易出错，而且当事情与他们的预测不相符时他们不太
可能意识到，也不太可能承认自己错了)”可知，此处介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的缺点。D项“但
是，把注意力集中在一件大事上可能会有不利的一面” 引出下文，介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具
备缺点，符合语境。故选D。
【38题详解】
根据上文“The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader
range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. (“狐狸”型思维方式的人的优势在于，他们更有可能从更广泛的来源中寻找新信息，并且对不确定性和新信息感到舒适)”和下文“They try to
include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. (他们试图将其纳入自己的观点，而不
是将其排除在自己的思维之外)”可知，此处介绍拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人处理事情的方式。F项“当
某件事与他们的观点相矛盾时，他们不会把它当作例外”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
【39题详解】
根据上文“The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. (这个问题可以用“像狐狸的刺猬”风格来
回答)”和下文“The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. (成为拥有“刺猬”型思维方
式的人还是拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人的选择是一种错误的权衡)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人
和拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人各有优势。A项“换句话说，两者都有其明显的优势”承上启下，符合语
境。故选A。
Passage 4
【2024浙江1月卷】In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and
college experience. ___16___ But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is
right for you? ___17___
We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage
of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. ___18___ “I think a point that many people lose
sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to
study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep
you going.
The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you
would do with in person courses. ___19___ He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It
is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch
your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
___20___ A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this
problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate
each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or
schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts.
A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B. Your motivation should be your main concern.
C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education?
D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade?
G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
【答案】16. G 17. F 18. A 19. D 20. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在线学习的注意事项。
【16题详解】由上文“In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college
experience. (在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学生活的重要组成部分)”可知，在线学习对大学生活很
重要，本空要说跟“这种现象的具体表现”有关的话题，故G选项“A survey found that 29 percent of
college students registered for online courses. (一项调查发现，29%的大学生注册了在线课程。)”能承接上文，
符合题意。故选G。
【17题详解】
由上文“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (但是所有的在线课程
都是平等的吗？你如何确定数字化学习适合你？)”可知，上文对在线课程提出疑问，本空可以继续提出疑
问，故F选项“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (如果你参加了在
线课程，你能做些什么来确保尽可能好的成绩？)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。
【18题详解】
由上文“The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. (在线学习最
明显的优势是你可以随时随地学习)”可知，在线学习具备的优势是可以让你随时随地学习，本空要说跟
“学习时间”有关的话题，故A选项“But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. (但这并不意味着没有最
后期限。)”与上文构成转折关系，that指代上一句话，符合题意。故选A。
【19题详解】
由下文“He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. (他指出，他的在线学生最终的成绩
通常较低)”可知，本空要说跟“在线老师”有关的话题，故D选项“Professor Alex Davidson teaches the
same course in person and online. (Alex Davidson教授亲自授课和在线授课)”能引起下文，下文中的He指代
D项中的“Alex Davidson教授”，符合题意。故选D。
【20题详解】
由下文“A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem.
Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other
to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-
person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts. (社会关系通常是学习的重要组成部分。你可
以做一些事情来缓解这个问题。本科生杰西卡·平克建议和朋友一起参加在线课程，这样你们就可以互相激
励，坚持下去。你也可以在课堂讨论板上找到学生，组织一个学习小组，或者安排与教授面对面的会议，
讨论课程概念)”可知，本空要说跟“人们之间的互动”有关的话题，故E选项“The chief complain t about
online courses is that they lack human interaction. (对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动。)”能
引起下文，符合题意。故选E。
2023年
Passage 1
【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is
human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring?Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your
personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve
done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing
without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange
thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t
wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The
thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to
develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. F 19. C 20. G
【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强
自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。
【16题详解】
根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err
(犯错) is human.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过。)”可知，作者认为人
都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following
writing exercise to help you do this.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。)”中的“do this”以
及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项 D“It’s just as important to show yourself
some forgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要。)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ”(在日记或纸上写上
“个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around?
They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.(你有爱心吗？有创造
力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感
到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics
you like about yourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那
些是优点。故选B。
【18题详解】
根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positivethings you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did
the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.(在第二页的顶部，
写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作
业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。)”可知，
本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项 F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write
it down.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来。)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做
的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。
【19题详解】
根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of
your personality that shine through.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以
及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。
选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，
C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.(你可以让朋友或
家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact,
don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.(事实上，
不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。
故选C。
【20题详解】
根据空前内容“It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their
mistakes. The thing is, it’s true.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥
调。但事实是，这是真的。)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项 G“Whatever the mistake,
remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一
面。)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and
learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种
积极的发展和成长的方式。)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。
故选G。
Passage 2
【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious
followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what
it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration
and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ___16___ You’ll want to look back on your
journey to see how far you’ve come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether
you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___17___
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___18___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful.
Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create apainting every day for a month and post the works online.
·___19___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social
media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my
level of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. ___20___ Push through, give it time and put in the effort.
You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
.
A Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. A 19. D 20. E
【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide
inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. (从小开始。我建议使用一个素描本
进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板)”以及后
文“You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. (你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅，
看看自己已经取得多少进步)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习
和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Don’t throw away your beginner art. (不要扔掉你的初学时的艺
术作品)”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。故选C项。
【17题详解】
分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段的总结，根据前文“Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to
improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as
much as possible. (经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是
绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，
所以G项“You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. (你会逐渐形成只有通
过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)”是对前文的总结。故选G项。
【18题详解】
分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文
“Continually challenge yourself to try something new. (不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artistic
growth can be a bit painful. (艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Get out of your comfort zone. (走出你
的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选A项。
【19题详解】
分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) iscrucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me
feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. (寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常
重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让
我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Share your work if you
feel comfortable doing so. (如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D项。
【20题详解】
分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The
journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push through,
give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. (坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。
你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到
障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。
Passage 3
【2023年全国乙卷】Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they
are the unsung heroes of the home. ____16____, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing
by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to
look after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants?
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these
species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. ____17____.
Why are indoor plants good for you?
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “____18____. I find during the winter months,
plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants
can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around
them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or
cooking. ____19____.
Which plants can you grow?
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy
plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and
you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “____20____,” Spoelstra says.
“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
【答案】16. B 17. D 18. C 19. E 20. G【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。
【16题详解】
根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情),
reducing stress and helping their memory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆
力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由
此可知，B. Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the
winter.(这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的
环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer(相
反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据下文“I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.(我发现在冬天的几
个月里，房子周围的植物真的能提升你的情绪)”可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C. There are
many benefits to growing plants indoors(在室内种植植物有很多好处)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据上文“There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful
gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.(也有研究表明，
盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。它们还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化
学物质)”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are
among the best(像和平百合和魔芋之类的植物是最好的)能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做的最好的植物，
符合语境。故选E。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature-
which is part of the joy of owning plants.(年轻的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它们成熟时照顾
它们——这是拥有植物的乐趣之一)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G. Learning about the
requirements of each plant can be very rewarding(了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的)能够承接上文，同时引
起下文，下文“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home
and nature.”(它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。)”具体介
绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。故选G。
Passage 4
【2023年全国甲卷】Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There
is one answer. ___16___.
In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However,
research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.
___17___. “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
● Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research
suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit
of waiting is to practice. ___18___. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra
minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply
it to other, more annoying situations.
● ___19___.
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we
experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to
say to yourself, “___20___.” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
【答案】16. G 17. E 18. B 19. C 20. F
【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐心的一些方法。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common?
There’s one answer. (这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一
个)”可知，本句说明上文谜语的答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。
故G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more
optimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观)”以及后文
““Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. (加州大学
的研究员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”)”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句
继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选项
“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。
【18题详解】
根据上文“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. (我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法
就是练习)”以及后文“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes beforegoing for that cake. (把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列举的
事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境，故选B。
【19题详解】
根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when
we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. (我们中的许多人
都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知，
本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适
相关，C选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。
【20题详解】
根据上文“You should learn to say to yourself (你应该学会对自己说……)”以及后文“You’ll then gradually
become more patient. (然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心)”结合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，本句为
对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关，故F选项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境，故选F。
Passage 5
【2023年北京卷】It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families
as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a
decision. ____35____
When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not
counted in rankings. ____36____
Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching
than courses in higher-ranked universities. ____37____ The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is
surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most
important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.
Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education.
Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.
____38____ Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the
result？ Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.
____39____ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with
more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank
schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.
What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-
quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.
A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.
C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.【答案】35. D 36. F 37. G 38. B 39. C
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。
【35题详解】
根据空前内容“It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they
make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.(对
于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻， 因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家
庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于
排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on
average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大
学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出
现的问题。选项D“However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一
个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名
中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。
【36题详解】
根据空前内容“When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching
excellence is not counted in rankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶
地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人
们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们
惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“more
surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。
【37题详解】
空前内容“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on
teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平
均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings
is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most
important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中
没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑
到教学。选项G“In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.(事实上，大学
经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。
【38题详解】
根据空前内容“Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher
education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.
(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学
率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项
B“Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内
容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘
和晋升中不受重视。故选B。【39题详解】
根据下文内容“Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with
more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank
schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教
学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名
组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，作者认为想要强调教学质量
还需要更多努力。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项 C“Quality
teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.(高质量的教学一直是建立声誉的重要因素。)”强调
了高质量教学的重要性，而下文则话题一转，指出了高质量教学的难处。故选C。
Passage6
【2023年浙江1月卷】With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not
book your next domestic vacation on a train? Compared to other alternatives, it’s comfortable and relaxing. Here is
some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible.
Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.
36 But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all
the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you
discounted tickets. 37 Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a
day for your meals.
Bring a blanket. When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your
trip is an overnight one. 38 In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold.
Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can
be a disaster. 39 Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times.
Have fun. 40 Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside
the window. To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of
seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts). If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel
one mile, you’re going 67.92 mph.
A．Train trips aren’t for impatient types.
B．You’ll have views from both sides of the train.
C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
D．That’s particularly true during busy summer months.
E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner.
【答案】36．D 37．G 38．C 39．E 40．A
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述一些关于如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议。
36．根据上文“Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out veryquickly.(提前计划。大多数长途火车，尤其是卧铺，很快就卖光了。)”以及下文“But no matter when you
travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. (但无论你什么时候去旅行，最好至
少提前90天预订。)”可知，大多数长途火车的卧铺很容易被定完，所以要提前安排预定，D项“在繁忙的
夏季尤其如此。”符合语境，D项中“busy summer months”与前后文呼应，说明忙碌的夏季尤其需要提前
计划。故选D项。
37．根据上文“A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. (一个好的旅行社有时可以帮你找到打
折的票。)”以及下文“Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for
your meals. (这样你就不必为了吃饭而每天三次在行驶的火车上穿过几节车厢了。)”可知，好的旅行社帮你
预定，不仅可以找到打折的票，还可以节省从卧铺到餐车的距离，G项中“book you in a sleeping car that’s
right next to the diner”与前后文对应，因此推断G项“他可能还会给你预订餐厅旁边的卧铺车厢。”符合语
境。故选G项。
38．根据上文“When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an
overnight one.(当你乘坐火车时，你不会免费获得一条毯子，即使你的旅行是过夜的。)”以及下文“In the
summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold. (特别是在夏天，空调会让他们很冷。)”可
知，这里提到了车厢内温度的问题，提醒乘客最好自备毛毯，C项中“The temperature on rail cars”与前后
文对应，因此推断C项“列车上的温度通常很难控制。”符合语境。故选C项。
39．根据上文“Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be
a disaster.(大多数火车每天只开一趟，有些火车一周只开三趟，所以错过你的火车可能是一场灾难。)”以及
下文“Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times. (注意:时刻表上列出的时间
是出发时间，不是到达时间。)”可知，本段提醒要提前安排时间，错过时间是很麻烦的事情，E项中“You
might have to wait longer”与前后文对应，说明错过火车导致的结果，因此推断E项“你可能要等上超过24
小时才能赶上下一班。”符合语境。故选E项。
40．根据上文“Have fun.(玩得开心)”以及下文“To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of
seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two
mileposts).”(要计算你的速度，用3600(一小时的秒数)除以你走一英里(两个里程碑之间的距离)所花费的秒
数。)”可知，本段讲述如何度过乘车时间，A项中讲到火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人与后文要计算时间，
用不同的方式打发时间对应，符合语境。故选A项。
2022年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2022年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your
Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ”
while another read: “___16___” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle
(微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___17___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to
move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a
useful response. ___18___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training
she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It
also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___19___
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___20___ Over time, both of you will benefit —
your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your
relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. B 19. G 20. F
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partne.” One
reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,”(《健身杂志》最近刊
登了一篇题为《感谢健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就
会去锻炼。”)”可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。所以选择项C“You'll work harder if you
train with someone else.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
【17题详解】
根据前文“First of all, decide what you want from that person. (首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么。)”和
后文“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility?(或者你只是想要身体
健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性?)”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以选择项
D“Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? (你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员
吗?)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but probably won't result in a
useful response. (你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应。)”和后文
“If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那
个人一定是同一个健身房的。)”可知，寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。所以选择项B“A workout
partner usually needs to live close by. (锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
【19题详解】
根据前文“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind oftraining she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and
her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. (我的搭档把她的要求贴在
了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，
以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码。)”可知，本段作者以自己的
锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选择项G“Any notice for a training partner
should include such information. (任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
【20题详解】
根据前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills. (你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能。)”和后
文“Over time, both of you will benefit -- your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more
physically fit.(久而久之，你们双方都会受益——你的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。)”可知，
要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。所以选择项F“Just accept your differences and learn to work with
each other. (接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
Passage2
【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process
can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
___16___ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write
nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ___17___ Don’t
worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a
good store of ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. ___18___ Yet, by
learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄
皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete
highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision.
___19___ As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing
revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can
enter your changes into your word processor. ___20___ The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C. The second draft of the essay should be better.
D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
.
【答案】16 D 17. B 18. E 19. F 20. G
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是写文章的技巧。
【16题详解】
空格处是本段的主题句，由空后的“When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen toyour paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. (当你第一次想写
一篇文章的时候，把笔放在纸上，不间断地写10到15分钟，不要让笔离开纸。)”可知，本段主要讲的是
要学会不间断地写，D选项“First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. (首先，学习不间断写作的技
巧。)”概括了本段的主要内容，可作为主题句，故选D。
【17题详解】
空前说“Stay loose and free. (保持宽松和自由。)”，空后说“Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. (不要担
心语法和拼写。)”，因此空格处应说按心里想的写，自由发挥，B选项“Let your pen follow the waves of
thought. (让你的笔跟随思想的波浪。)”说明了按自己的思路和想法来写，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选
B。
【18题详解】
空前说“The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. (下一个技巧是快
速写草稿，不要担心是否完美。)”，空后说“Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself
headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. (然而，通过学习与不完美共存，你将避免自
己的头痛和一个装满皱巴巴的废纸篓。)”，E选项“Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
(太多的作家试图在第一次就把草稿写好。)”中的“get their drafts”和上文的“write your draft”相呼应，说明
了有很多人想一次就写好，这是不合理的，要学会允许不完美的存在，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，
故选E。
【19题详解】
空前说“The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision.
(第三种方法是打印出三倍行距的副本，以便有修改的空间。)”，F选项“Many beginning writers don’t leave
enough space to revise. (许多初来乍到的作者没有留出足够的修改空间。)”中的“revise”和前面的“revision”
一致，指出了新手作者的常见做法，且其中的“Many beginning writers”和后文的“these writers”相互呼应，
因此F选项承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
【20题详解】
空前说“After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes
into your word processor. (当你修改你的草稿，直到它太乱以至于无法继续工作，你可以把你的修改输入到
你的文字处理器中。)”，空后说“The resulting blank space invites you to revise. (由此产生的空白允许您修
改。)”，因此空格处应说输入到文字处理器后应该做什么，G选项“Then you can print out a fresh draft,
again setting your text on triple-space. (然后你可以打印一份新的草稿，同样将文本设置为三倍行距。)”说的
是输入到你的文字处理器后的做法，其中的“triple-space”和后文的“The resulting blank space”相呼应，因
此G选项承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
Passage3
【2022年全国乙卷】Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to
sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one
another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___16___.·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted
and what method works best for you both. ___17___. There are alternatives to constant written communication,
such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy (共情)
___18___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the
friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel
abandoned.
· ___19___
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might
make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that
keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone
___20___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.
Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever
possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
.
【答案】16 D 17. B 18. G 19. A 20. F
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。
【16题详解】
上文“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”（平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电
话。）讲的是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并
坚持下去” 给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合题意。故选D项。
【17题详解】
上文“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be
contacted and what method works best for you both.”（确保你已经与你的朋友沟通过，了解你们彼此希望联
系的次数，以及哪种沟通方式最适合你们两人。）提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式，B项“可以通过写
信补偿”提出了其中一种沟通方式：写信，下文“There are alternatives to constant written communication,
such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.”（除了不断的文字交流，还有其他方式，比如发语音
或者组建群聊。）补充了发语音等其他沟通方式，其中“constant written communication”呼应了B项的
“writing letters”。故选B项。【18题详解】
下文“The friend who is remaining”（留下来的朋友）和“The one in the new environment”（在新环境中的
那个）提到朋友的两个不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出
了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left”和“the one who was left behind”
分别对应下文“The one in the new environment”和“The friend who is remaining”，所以G项符合题意。
故选G项。
【19题详解】
分析文章结构可知，设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文
“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.”（周年纪念日和生日对于
异地友谊而言是非常重要的。）讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要
的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“记得重要的日子”，所以A项符合题意。故选A
项。
【20题详解】
设空处所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious
effort to sustain.”（但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系。）讲的是
我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“朋友之间很容易通
过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句
“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题
“Don’t rely on technology alone”（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technology”。故选F项。
Passage4
【2022年全国甲卷】Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___16___. Knowing
some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the
world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down
between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.
___17___ .
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you
to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___18___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch
any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
___19___ . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their
seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various
countries. ___20___ , the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
【答案】16. D 17. F 18. C 19. G 20. B
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事情。
【16题详解】
根据文章标题“Important Things to Know When Dining Out (外出就餐时要知道的重要事情)”可知，本文
主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情。由此可知，D项“Don’t get caught making an
embarrassing mistake at a restaurant (不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误)”符合语境，其中“at a restaurant”对应标
题中的“When Dining Out”，同时引起下文“Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an
enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world. (知道一些技巧将有助于确保你
和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方)”。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When you put
them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of
you. (当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行
了)”可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F项“Never stick them upright in your food or
cross them as you use them (不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)”讲述的也
是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”指的是上文的“chopsticks”。故选F。
【18题详解】
根据本段小标题“Hands or Utensils (餐具)”可知，本段主要讲述的是手和餐具的问题。根据上文“In
India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat
with a utensil in each hand. (在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一
个餐具吃饭)”及下文“instead preferring to use their hands (相反更愿意使用他们的双手)”可知，此处在讲
述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只手的问题。由此可知，C项“Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with
utensils (墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)”符合语境，与下文形成转折关系。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“In
Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills.
Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. (在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这
向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪)”可推知，
在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。由此可知，G项“It may seem like simple request to ask for salt
and pepper at a meal (吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合此处语境，其中“request”是关键词，说明，在用餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的。故选G。
【20题详解】
根据下文“the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. (你就会对它的外国文化
习俗感到越舒服)”可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the+比较级，
the+比较级”结构，B项“The more time you spend in any given country (你在某个国家待的时间越长)”符合
文意，引出下文。故选B。
Passage5
【2022 年北京卷】Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various
pressures, we tend to ignore our health. ____35____ It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these
diseases.
____36____ We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be
attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not
have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. ____37____ This does not
definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic
conditions we live in.
It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. ____38____ For instance, we must
exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age
groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.
Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It
helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. ____39____ This, in turn, gives us
new goals of health and fitness.
A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life.
B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.
C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.
D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.
E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.
F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.
G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.
【答案】35. G 36. B 37. D 38. F 39. C
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健
身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。
35.【解析】
根据空前“Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to
ignore our health.(健康和健身帮助一个人过上良好和健康的生活。由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自
己的健康。)”可知因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视，根据空后“It is the fitness level of our body that
helps us fight these diseases.(正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。)”可知身体的健康可以让我
们应对各种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项“This
makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.(这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的other diseases与空后的these diseases相互照应，符合上下文语
境。故选G项。
36.【解析】
根据空后“We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted
towards maintaining the fitness of our body.(为了拥有一个健康的身体我们需要健康。同样，如果我们是健康
的，我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。)”可知健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是
本段的主旨句，B项“Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.(健康和健身是相互关联的。)”概括全
段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B项。
37.【解析】
根据空前“Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body,
which is ready to be targeted by viruses.(健康是在特定时间内我们身体的状态。我们可能没有任何疾病，但身
体仍然虚弱，随时会被病毒攻击。)”可知我们的身体虽然没有生病，但也很虚弱，随时会生病，根据空后
“This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy.(这并不一定意味着我们不健康。)”可知生病并不一定
表明我们是不健康的。空处承上启下，所以空处应该举例说明我们的身体在虚弱的情况下会生病这样一种
状况，D项“For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.(例如，我们可能很容易感冒。)”举
例说明我们的身体会在虚弱的情况下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D项的we may
have a tendency to catch a cold easily这种情况，符合上下文语境。故选D项。
38.【解析】
根据空前“It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.(对每个人来说，花些时间在健
康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我们应该花时间去健身，根据空后“For instance, we must exercise daily
regardless of our age and working style.(例如，我们必须每天锻炼，不管我们的年龄和工作方式。)”可知我
们应该每天坚持锻炼，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，F项
“There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.(在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人都应该
做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F项。
39.【解析】
根据空前“We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫)
system and protects us against diseases.(我们每天至少应该有6到8个小时的睡眠。它有助于改善我们的免疫
系统，保护我们抵抗疾病。)”可知我们应该保障充足的睡眠，根据空后“This, in turn, gives us new goals of
health and fitness.(这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标。)”可知充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目
标很有好处，空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C项“It also helps in keeping us
calm and relaxes our mind.(它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。)”进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们
的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选C项。
Passage6
【2022年浙江卷6月】I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their
Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give
Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. ____11____
Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is toachieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. ____12____ And when writing doesn’t
seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.
Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children
write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. ____13____ You write
“Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect.
____14____ Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly
producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal
language most of the time.
There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done.
____15____ This type of writing won’t be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential
client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience.
A. It isn’t that these young people can’t write.
B. But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be.
C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted.
E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.
F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have.
G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过讲述孩子们通过给圣诞老人写信暗示得到自己心仪的礼物，
从而论证观点：人们写作都是带有某种目的的。
11.D根据空前“As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents.
(随着孩子们逐渐长大，他们会给圣诞老人一些提示，告诉他去哪里买礼物。)”可知，孩子们给圣诞老人
提示去哪买礼物。结合选项可知，D项“As a result, each year they received something they wanted. (结果，
他们每年都会收到他们想要的东西。)”为孩子们提示的结果：收到心仪的礼物。前后为明显的因果关系。
故选D项。
12.B 根据空前“Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something;other times t may be to entertain, inform, or
persuade. (有时我们的目的是为了获得东西，有时可能是为了娱乐、告知或说服。)”可知，我们写作都
是带着目的的。结合选项B“But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be. (但它总是有目的的——或者
至少应该是这样。)”可知，前后语意一致，说明写作是带有目的的。故选B项。
13.E根据空前“When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words
accordingly. (当孩子们为真正的读者和真正的目的写作时，他们就能学会相应地选择用词。)”以及空后
“You write “Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect. (你写“亲爱
的圣诞老人”是因为你不认识他，你想表达对他的尊重。)”可知，空后句和空前句之间是“理论——实
践”的关系，由此可推知，空处也应为具体的实践。结合选项E“You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you
are close to them. (你写“嗨，奶奶和爸爸”，因为你和他们很亲近。)”可知，符合这一逻辑。而且和空后
结构一致。故选E项。
14.F根据空后“Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly
producing written messages. (在玩电子游戏时发短信、在线消息、实时聊天都意味着他们在不断地产生书面信息。 )”可知，科技的发展让人们的写作变得更普遍。结合选项F“As technology develops, young people
are writing more than they ever have. (随着科技的发展，年轻人写的东西比以前更多了。)”可知，前后语意
一致，符合语境。故选F项。
15.G根据空前“There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets
the job done. (这种写作方式并没有错。它迎合了观众和目的，完成了任务。)”可知，作者在评价这种科技
影响下的写作方式。结合选项G“But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
(但如果这是年轻人唯一的写作方式，那就会造成问题。)”可知，前后语意一致，从正反两方面评价科技
带来的写作。故选G项。
Passage7
【2022年浙江卷1月】I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that
allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. 11
Pick the most important.
12 Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. 1 chose the life of an adviser because I like
to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle 1
want.
Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. 13
Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find
people in your company who share common interests and develop your career （职业）around the people and
activities you love.
14
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things
that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to
gain back an hour here or there.
Lighten up.
The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress
and keep refining （改进）toward a happy productive existence. 15 Every completion is a small victory that
adds up in a big way.
A. Speed up.
B. Be an active learner.
C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
【答案】11. F 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. G
【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。作者给出了既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐放松的有效建议。
【11题详解】上文 “ I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that allow me to make the
most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed.（我和你一样，每天都有24小时，但我做了具体的选择，
让我充 分利用每一天，仍然感到快乐和放松）”说明作者做出选择，充分利用每一天，但仍旧感到快乐
和轻松，根 据下文段落小标题可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议，因此空格处应是承上启下，
F项中的“help you make the most of your time与上文 “to make the most of every day ” 一致，“tips” 引出
下文的建议，因此 F项“也许这些建议会帮助你充分利用你的时间”符合语境，承上启下。故选F。
【12题详解】
根据段落标题“Pick the most important.”可知，本段建议挑选最重要的，下文“Focus on spending time that
for you is fun and productive.（把时间花在那些对你来说有趣和富有成效的事情上）”说明要挑选一些有趣
的 和富有成效的事情去做，D项中的“ what is meaningful in your life”与标题中的"the most important一
致， 下文是对“Make choices”具体解释。因此推断D项“选择你生活中有意义的东西”符合语境。故选
D。 【13题详解】
上文 “Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc.（ 许多
人疯 狂地试图弄清楚如何在朋友，家庭，工作，娱乐等方面度过时间）”说明许多人想要弄清楚在生活
中如何分 配好时间，下文“Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.（找到一种结合的方式来享受它
们）”说明可 以把事情组合在一起享受，因此推断空格处与上文是转折关系，说明不要试图均衡时间，C
项“不要试图在 它们之间平衡时间”符合语境。故选C。
【14题详解】
空格处为段落小标题。根据下文“You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are
always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important.
Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. Always be looking for a new way to gain back
an hour here or there.（你可能会认为学习需要花费了你更多的时间，但实际上总有一些新的方法可以为你
节省出做日常 事务的时间，为你腾出时间去做最重要的事情。寻找在这里或者那里赢回一个小时的新方
法）”可推断，本 段讲述学习虽然花费很多时间，但总是能有一些方法为你节省时间做其他事情，因此
要做有效的学习者。 因此推断B项“做有效的学习者”为段落标题，故选B。
【15题详解】
下文 “Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.（每一次的完成都是一个小的胜利，累积
起 来就是一个大的胜利）”说明事情要一件一件去做，G项中的“making lists”与之呼应，因此推断G项
“这 就是为什么列清单在任何生产手册中都很重要的原因”符合语境，this指代上文“The world won't
come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining （改
进）toward a happy productive existence.（在大多数情况下，世界不会因为你没做完几件事而走向末日。庆
祝进步，不断 改进走向一个快乐而富有成效的存在）”解释了列出清单一件一件完成任务的原因。故选
G。
Passage8
【2022年浙江卷6月】I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their
Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give
Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. ____11____Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to
achieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. ____12____ And when writing doesn’t
seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.
Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children
write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. ____13____ You write
“Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect.
____14____ Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly
producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal
language most of the time.
There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done.
____15____ This type of writing won’t be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential
client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience.
A. It isn’t that these young people can’t write.
B. But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be.
C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted.
E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.
F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have.
G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过讲述孩子们通过给圣诞老人写信暗示得到自己心仪的礼物，
从而论证观点：人们写作都是带有某种目的的。
11.D根据空前“As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents.
(随着孩子们逐渐长大，他们会给圣诞老人一些提示，告诉他去哪里买礼物。)”可知，孩子们给圣诞老人提
示去哪买礼物。结合选项可知，D项“As a result, each year they received something they wanted. (结果，他
们每年都会收到他们想要的东西。)”为孩子们提示的结果：收到心仪的礼物。前后为明显的因果关系。故
选D项。
12.B 根据空前“Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something;other times t may be to entertain, inform, or
persuade. (有时我们的目的是为了获得东西，有时可能是为了娱乐、告知或说服。)”可知，我们写作都是
带着目的的。结合选项B“But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be. (但它总是有目的的——或者至少
应该是这样。)”可知，前后语意一致，说明写作是带有目的的。故选B项。
13.E根据空前“When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words
accordingly. (当孩子们为真正的读者和真正的目的写作时，他们就能学会相应地选择用词。)”以及空后
“You write “Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect. (你写“亲爱
的圣诞老人”是因为你不认识他，你想表达对他的尊重。)”可知，空后句和空前句之间是“理论——实
践”的关系，由此可推知，空处也应为具体的实践。结合选项 E“You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you
are close to them. (你写“嗨，奶奶和爸爸”，因为你和他们很亲近。)”可知，符合这一逻辑。而且和空后结
构一致。故选E项。
14.F根据空后“Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantlyproducing written messages. (在玩电子游戏时发短信、在线消息、实时聊天都意味着他们在不断地产生书面
信息。 )”可知，科技的发展让人们的写作变得更普遍。结合选项F“As technology develops, young people
are writing more than they ever have. (随着科技的发展，年轻人写的东西比以前更多了。)”可知，前后语意一
致，符合语境。故选F项。
15.G根据空前“There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets
the job done. (这种写作方式并没有错。它迎合了观众和目的，完成了任务。)”可知，作者在评价这种科技
影响下的写作方式。结合选项G“But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
(但如果这是年轻人唯一的写作方式，那就会造成问题。)”可知，前后语意一致，从正反两方面评价科技带
来的写作。故选G项。
2021年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which
you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate
the benefits of being able to read more quickly. ____16____
·Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your back and
the book should be at the right distance from your eyes. ____17____
____18____ Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc.This will help you to decide
whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it. Ten minutes spent in this way could save
you quite a lot of time in the long run.
If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time. ____19____ A
history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific
subjects. In the former case you may be able to read a chapter. In the latter you may only be able to read one page.
Always keep a pencil and paper beside you. ____20____Note also the facts important for your purpose as
well as anything which leads you to further research. You don't have to write these things in detail. It is enough to
put the page number and one or two words as a reminder .
A. Stop to have a rest now and then.
B. Spend a few minutes looking through the book.
C. This depends on the type of book you are reading.
D. Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.
E. Make a note of any page which is of special importance.
F. You may find yourself having to leam something by heart.
G. Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.
【答案】16. D 17. G 18. B 19. C 20. E
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。
【16题详解】
根据上文“If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does
not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being ableto read more quickly.（如果你唯一的阅读是小说或杂志，那么你阅读的速度可能并不重要。但是，如果你
必须大量阅读来学习，你就会感激能够更快地阅读的好处。）”可知，接下来要介绍提高阅读速度的方法。
D项：Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.（这里有一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。）符合
语境。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据本段主题句“Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable.（在你打开书之前，确保你感
到舒服。）”可知，本段主要说明要给自己创造舒适的阅读环境。G项：Keep the room cool rather than
warm to avoid feeling sleepy.（保持房间凉爽而不是温暖以避免困倦。）符合语境。故选G。
【18题详解】
空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc（查看目录、
前言、章节标题等。）”可知，本段主要讲述在阅读一本书之前要先浏览一下大致内容。B项：Spend a
few minutes looking through the book.（花几分钟浏览一下这本书。）符合语境。故选B。
【19题详解】
根据上文“If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time.（如果你
决定要读完整本书，决定一下你一次能读多少。）”和下文“A history book which may contain the facts in
story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects.（以故事形式包含事实的历史书比科学
题材的书更容易阅读。）”可知，看书时间的长短取决于书的类型。C项：This depends on the type of book
you are reading.（这取决于你读的书的类型。）符合语境。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据段落主题句“Always keep a pencil and paper beside you.（总是在身边放一支铅笔和一张纸。）”可知，本
段强调要随时注意记笔记。E项：Make a note of any page which is of special importance.（把任何有特别重要
的一页都记下来。）符合语境。故选E。
Passage2
【2021年全国甲卷】Swap, Don’t shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge
amount of natural resources（资源）to make, and buying loads of new clothing（or throwing out old clothing）is
not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them
clothes piled on your bedroom floor? ____16____. It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes
from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how
much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. ____17____ , and there may not be enough things to
choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
●____18____. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their "new" clothes home.
●Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.____19____. Place a few mirrors around
your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be
that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.●Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. ____20____. And don't
forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
.
F Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. G 19. F 20. D
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法——衣物交换派对，以
及一些具体的流程。
【16题详解】
根据上文“So what to do with all those perfectly- good-but-you 're- maybe-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on
your bedroom floor?（那么，该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的（看起来）完好但你可能有点厌倦的衣服
呢？）”提出关于如何解决旧衣物的问题。下文“It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes
from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.（这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里买衣服、同时开派对的
最好方法。）”提到了具体处理旧衣物的方法。所以空白处应起承上启下的作用，承接上文讲到的问题，
启下提出的方法。因而空白处是提出了一种处理旧衣物的好方法。B项“Hold a clothing swap.（进行衣物
交换。）”给出了一种处理旧衣物的方法，承上启下，符合语境。故选B项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection.”（邀请5到10个人，这样你就有一个很好的选
择。）说明了应该邀请的人数。下文“and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and
it becomes uncontrollable.”（可能没有足够的东西可供选择；多于这个数量，它就变得无法控制。）说明多
于或少于一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。所以空白处应是针对下文中的“more than that”提出的相反的
假设，即少于一定数量的人。A项“Less people than that”（少于这些人）提出一种假设，和下文中“more
than that”相对，说明人数不宜太多，也不能太少，符合语境。故选A项。
【18题详解】
根据下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.”（他们还应该准
备大量的可重复使用的袋子，把他们的“新”衣服带回家。）说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服”
准备袋子。G项“Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition.”（告诉每个人带来品相完好的衣
服。）说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服，其中的bring和下文中carry相对，都是为交换衣物
所做的准备。下文中的also也是提示词，并且其中They指代G项的everyone。所以G项符合语境。故选
G项。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.”（把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不
同地方。）指出衣服应该归类放置。下文“Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how thingslook when they try them on.”（在房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样子。）提到了放
置镜子的意义。由此可见，本段讲述的是房间里的一些具体的做法，所以空白处一样要提出人们在房间里
要做什么。F项“Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots.（让每个人的衣服都放在相应的位置
上。）”说明每个人应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置，符合语境。故选F项。
【20题详解】
上文“Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever.”（设置开始时间。也许你
说“开始”，或者打开一首歌，或者无论什么。）打开音乐或者无论什么，意味聚会开始。下文“And
don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!”（别忘了拿出一些饼干和水果。记住，
这是个派对！）讲到了聚会上应该提供一些派对该有的服务。因而，空白处应是承接上文，讲述聚会期间
要保持应有的内容。D项“Just keep music playing throughout.”（要始终播放音乐。）承上启下，说明在派
对上要有音乐，与前文形成意义上的一致，符合题意，故选D项。
Passage3
【2021年全国乙卷】According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make
yourself interesting at a dinner party.
___36___, if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time.
So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.
People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do
you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking
to. ___37___, it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who
were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.
___38___? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox （讲台）.
If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the
situation.___39___.
And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a
dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment（赞扬）.
___40___. Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”
So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
【答案】36. B 37. C 38. F 39. E 40. G
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在晚宴上让自己表现得有趣的一些方法。
【36题详解】
根据上文“it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party (在晚宴上让自己变得有趣并不难)”可知，下文应主要讲述如何在晚宴上让自己变得有趣。下文“So the main thing is just to show up and be
adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers. (所以最主要的事情就是去尝试，去冒险，尝试不同
的食物，和陌生人交谈)”可推知，本段主要说明想在晚宴上让自己变得有趣，就要勇于冒险，勇于探索。
由此可知，B项“The first step is to go exploring(第一步是去探索)”承上启下，符合题意。故选B项。
【37题详解】
根据下文“it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who
were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation. (它可以带入“我有这辆破旧的车”或
“我和那些在后面嘲笑愚蠢笑话的疯子一起乘坐公共汽车。”它只是打开了对话)”可知，设空处应该是提
了一个不太好的问题，只是开始交流，但并不会给人留下有趣的印象。由此可知，C项“If you ask the
question “How did you get here?”(如果你问“你是怎么到这里来的？”这个问题)”能够承接下文，符合题意。
故选C项。
【38题详解】
根据下文“If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox. If you’re the
host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. (如果你
不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什
么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，此处指出了一个问题的解决办法。由此推知，设空处提到了一
个棘手的问题。F项“What about the person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking(喝太多酒或一
直说个不停的人怎么办)”正是提出的问题，引出下文的解决办法，符合题意。故选F项。
【39题详解】
根据上文“If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you’re
the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. (如
果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做
点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，本段主要是为解决“喝太多酒或一直说个不停”这个问题
提供方法。由此可知，E项“Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say(或者把谈话变成
他们没什么可说的话题)”是提出的另一个解决办法，承接上文，符合题意。故选E项。
【40题详解】
根据上文“If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone
talking again is to give the host a compliment.(如果你在晚宴上遭遇了尴尬的沉默，唯一能让大家再次交谈的
方法就是赞美主人)”可知，此处指出赞美主人可以缓解尴尬的沉默，设空处承上启下，下文“This cake is
extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.(这蛋糕特别好吃，你得告诉我它的一切)”对主人进行了
赞美。由此可知，宴会上出现尴尬的沉默时，最尴尬的就是主人，所以需要赞美主人来缓解尴尬。G项
“He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most(他或她是最能感受到那种尴尬
的人)”承上启下，符合题意。故选G项
Passage4
【2021年北京卷】Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people．
____35____ The mental health benefits from music can't be argued．Music could also be helping you with many
other health problems behind the scenes．____36____However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting
（分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels．This，of course，
can lead to less pain．
Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed．____37____While the validity of the
idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly, according to
researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels，
through the lowering of stress and anxiety．
When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the
tempo that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European study，participants listened to music as the
researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure．____38____ On the other hand，when the music
slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow
suit．
____39____But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，
which is what makes music so valuable．
A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems．
B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud．
C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing．
D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep．
E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive．
F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety．
G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were．
【答案】35. F 36. B 37. D 38. G 39. E
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。
【35题详解】
空格后说“The mental health benefits from music can't be argued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的），
F选项It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety 中的stress and anxiety照应
了mental health benefits，因此F选项切合题意，故选F。
【36题详解】
空格后说“However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain”（然而，出于同样的
原因，当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的），However表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价，
B选项Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B选项切
合题意，故选B。
【37题详解】
空格前说“Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前
听些轻松的音乐），D选项They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep 中的sleep和
going to bed相呼应，因此D选项切合题意，故选D。
【38题详解】空格前说“In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates
and blood pressure”（在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压），G选项
Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were中的heart rates和前面的heart
rates相照应，因此G选项切合题意，故选G。
【39题详解】
空格后说“But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，
which is what makes music so valuable”（但是，开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音
乐如此有价值的原因），因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，E选项The implications of music on overall
well-being are really impressive讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E选项切合题意，
故选E。
Passage5
【2021年浙江卷1月】You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need,
head to the front, and choose the line that looks fastest.
You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to
the parking lot. 11 ．
It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster.
Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum
delay. 12 ． Any small interruption - a price check, a chatty customer-can have downstream effects, holding up an
entire line.
If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the
probability: 13 ． So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.
Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long, snaking line-
called a serpentine line - and serve each person at the front with the next available register. 14 ． This is what they
do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish
the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.
15 ． It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or
manpower. So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck.
A．Why does this always seem to happen to you?
B．So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines?
C．Some of the may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.
D．The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
E.How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?
F.With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G.But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.
【分析】本文是说明文。文章说明了杂货店排队方式以及研究人员提出的蛇形队伍的新方式，并分析了各
自的利弊。
11．A下文“It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster. （原来，这只是你的数学问题；很可能，另一个队伍真的更快。）”解释了上文“You chose wrong.(你选错了)”的原
因，下文与空格处是因果关系，所以本空应该是对前文选错提出疑惑，故选A项。
12．G上文“Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with
minimum delay.（杂货店尽量让足够的员工在结账时让所有的顾客以最小的延误完成结账。）”解释了杂
货店之前的工作模式，下文“Any small interruption a price check, a chatty customer -can have downstream
effects, holding up an entire line.（任何一个小小的中断，一个价格检查，一个喋喋不休的顾客，都会产生下
游效应，拖住整个生产线。）”描述了杂货店的特殊情况，故本空应该填出现特殊情况的原因，故选G项。
13．D根据上文“If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. （如果
杂货店中有三列队伍，延迟将在不同的队伍中随机发生。）”联系下文“So it's not just in your mind:
Another line probably is moving faster.（所以这不仅仅是在你的脑海里：另一条队伍可能移动得更快。）”
可知本空说的是任何一个队伍都有可能出现问题。你的队伍跑得最快的几率只有三分之一。故选D项。
14．F根据“上文Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem.(我们得知研究人员有一个很好的方
法来处理这个问题)”以及下文“This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine
line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down
everyone little bit but speed up checkout overall.（这个大多数银行和快餐店都是这样做的。有了一条蜿蜒的
队伍，在一个登记处长时间拖延不会不公平地惩罚后面排队的人。相反，它会减慢每个人一点点，但加快
了整体结帐速度。）”说明这个新方案迅速有效，联系上下文可知，空格中应该是与旧的结账方案作比较。
故选F项。
15．B结合下文“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space
or manpower.（要保持一条生产线的快速运转，需要很多的收银机，而且有些商店负担不起空间和人
力。）”说明了一个原因，由此可知，空格处提出了一个问题；通过“It takes many registers to keep one
line moving quickly.(保持一条生产线的快速运转)”可知这里描述的是不鼓励蛇形队伍的原因。故选B项。
