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第 34 讲 阅读七选五-段尾设空题（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 三年真题七选五-段尾设空题考点细目表
试卷 年份 体裁 主题语境 文 章 选项特征 设空位置
结构 段首 段中 段位
乙卷 2023 说明文 人与自然-室内 总 — 残缺句＋ 0 3 2
植物、及其好处 分 完整句
甲卷 2023 说明文 人与自我--变得 总 — 残缺句＋ 1 3 1
有耐心的方法 分 完整句
新高考 2023 说明文 人与自我--学会 总 — 完整句 0 4 1
Ⅰ卷 自我原谅 分 —
总
新高考 2023 说明文 人与自我--怎样 总 — 完整句 1 3 1
Ⅱ卷 开启艺术之旅 分 —
总
人与社会——人际 残缺句＋
2022 应用文 总—分 3 1 1
关系 完整句
全 国
人与社会——人际 总—分 残缺句＋
卷 2021 说明文 2 2 1
交往 —总 完整句
Ⅰ/全
人与自我——自我
国 2020 说明文 总—分 完整句 1 3 1
接纳
乙卷
人与自然——新鲜
2019 说明文 总—分 完整句 2 3 0
空气有助于健康
人与社会——社会 总—分 残缺句＋
2022 说明文 1 3 1
与文化 —总 完整句
全 国
人与自然——环境 残缺句＋
卷 2021 说明文 总—分 1 4 0
保护 完整句
Ⅱ/全
人与社会——表情 残缺句＋
国 2020 说明文 并列式 1 4 0
符号与职场交流 完整句
甲卷
人与自我——有动
2019 议论文 总—分 完整句 1 4 0
力的方法
人与社会——乔迁
2020 说明文 总—分 完整句 2 2 1
全国 聚会
卷Ⅲ
人与自我——建立
2019 说明文 总—分 完整句 1 3 1
健康有益的互动交流
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
从近三年命题的命题来看，段尾设空的题多为总结本段内容，偶有起承上启下的作用。即要么是结论句，
要么就是承上启下句。
【备考策略】
1）总结概括句
1. 做题时一要注意设空的前一句或前两三句；
2. 要注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结的词语如thus, therefore, hence, so, as a result, in a word, in
short, to conclude, to sum up等；
2）承上启下(过渡)句
1.在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时要考虑与下一段开头是否有衔接，认真阅读下一段的开头几
句，看是否能紧密联系起来。
2.如果第一段的段尾是空白，往往是和下一段能连贯起来。
3.通常是结论、概括性语句。要注意表示总结的信号词，如therefore, as a result, hence, thus, to sum up, to
conclude, in short, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
4.与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所 讲内
容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比、转折、排比、并列、递进等关系。根据段落一致性原则，在
原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，
【命题预测】
从近三年命题的发展趋势来看，预测2024年高考阅读理解七选五试题仍然以结构鲜明的指导类说明文
为主，段尾句也是考查重点。
题型总览
若问题在段尾，通常是结论、概括性语句。也可以是承上启下（过渡）句子。
要注意表示结尾总结的词。
表概况归纳关系有：in short , in brief , in summary ,generally speaking ,in general , to conclude ,in
conclusion, in a word ,on the whole , to sum up 等。考点一 总结概括句
1. （2022年全国乙卷）
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain（保持）long-
distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact（联系）and share with one
another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 36
·More isn't always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and
what method works best for you both. 37 Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
1.【2023届黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高三下学期三模】
Living in the moment is not always easy. Sometimes our thoughts are overwhelmed by regrets about past
events or anxiety about the future, which can make it hard to enjoy the present. If you are having a hard time living
in the moment, there are some simple strategies that may help.
●Change a routine.___16___One way that you can become more aware is to change up your routine. You cando something as simple as changing the way that you drive to work or changing the way you introduce yourself.
●Learn how to meditate (冥想). Meditation is a great way to train your brain to live in the moment. Learning
to meditate takes time, practice, and guidance. ___17___. If no classes are available, you can also buy CDs that
will help you learn how to meditate.
●Be grateful for breaks. Instead of becoming impatient when you have to wait for something, practise being
grateful for the extra time to notice your surroundings.___18___For example, if you have to wait in a long line to
purchase your morning coffee, take that time to observe your surroundings. As you do so, think about what you are
grateful for in that moment.
●___19___Performing random acts of kindness can help you to live in the moment by refocusing your
attention on what’s happening in front of you. Look for small things that you can do to show kindness to others.
The kind acts that you perform will help you to slow down and notice your surroundings.
●Smile and laugh more often. Living in the moment can be a challenge if you are in a bad mood or just feeling
a little down, but smiling and laughing can make you feel better even you force yourself to smile and
laugh.___20___
A．Do kind things for others.
B．You’d better find a meditation class in your area.
C．Treat the extra time as a break and appreciate the time.
D．To get started with meditation, find a quiet spot and get comfortable.
E．Being grateful is an important principle of life and a great wisdom.
F．You may not be living in the moment because you are too set in your life.
G．Even if you put on an affected smile, you should start to feel better right away.
考点二 承上启下(过渡)句
（2021·浙江卷片段）You've got mail…and it's a postcard
Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly
colored picture of Rome's Colosseum. Or Africa's Victoria Falls. Or China's Great Wall. ___1___
"I often send postcards to family and friends." he says to China Daily, "but you can imagine that after a while, you
never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it 2 And that's totally fine” Seeking
other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online. Many would say theInternet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulo's hunch（直觉）paid
off.
A. And that's totally fine
B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it
C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby
D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
【2023届吉林省长春吉大附中实验学校高三第四次模拟】
Nightmares(噩梦) are more common in childhood, but anywhere from 50% to 85% of adults report having
occasional nightmares. Almost everyone can experience nightmares and it influences our sleep quality.
____16____
Establish good sleeping habits.
____17____ Develop one by exercising, setting regular sleep and waking times. Remember to engage in
relaxing activities. Ensure your room is dark and cool.
Cut back on alcohol.
A lot of people use alcohol as a way to wind down and feel sleepy at the end of the day, but it’s really not the
right solution. ____18____
Journal your worries.
Journaling can help you release your anxieties. Write down your worries to get them all out ahead of time, lestthey rear their disquieting heads(蠢蠢欲动)at night. Journnaling can be helpful for alleviating nightmares and stress
in general.
Don’t watch or read scary content before bed.
Images-from any exciting or disturbing content you watch before bed can appear in your dreams. ____19____
Reading the news media and then hopping into bed is more likely to give rise to upsetting dreams than looking
through pictures from your last vacation with your family.
____20____
Silence is key to a good sleep. But for people who either don’t like it to be completely quiet or who are
awakened by noises that they can’t control during the night, background noise is a good way. Try a fan or a white
noise machine or an app.
A．Use a white noise machine.
B．Practice stress-relieving activities.
C．A healthy sleep routine begets sound sleep.
D．Instead, try herbal teas and other drinks aiding sleep.
E．How can we reduce nightmares and improve our sleep?
F．During the pandemic, even our everyday lives are looking pretty scary, too.
G．Dreams and rapid eye movement sleep is essential for memory improvement.
过关检测
（2021·四川凉山·统考二模）Truly happy and successful people get that way by becoming the best, most genuine
version of themselves they can be. Not on the outside — on the inside. It’s not about a brand, a reputation, a
persona (外表形象) . 1 Who you really are!
Sounds simple, I know. It is a simple concept. 2 If you want to do great work, it can take a lifetime
to figure it out. And it’s going to take a lot of hard work to do it. You are going to have to break out of your comfort
zone and take some chances that will scare you.
3 But you know, I can’t think of a better way to spend your life. I mean, what’s life for if not finding
yourself and trying to become the best, most genuine version of you that you can be?
That’s what Steve Jobs meant when he said this at a Stanford University graduation speech: Your time is
limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life. 4 You have to trust in something your gut (直觉) ,
destiny, life, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.Not only that, but what Jobs talking about, what I’m talking about, requires focus and discipline, two things
that are very hard to come by these days. Why? 5 It’s so much easier to give in to distraction and instant
pleasure. It’s easy and addictive.
A．It’s about reality.
B．If you haven’t found it, keep looking.
C．Because focus and discipline are hard.
D．Nothing worth doing in life is ever easy.
E．But the problem is, it’s very hard to make it.
F．The only way to do great work is to love what you do.
G．Don’t let the noise of others’ opinions drown out your own inner voice.
（2023·河南开封·统考三模）When you think of how much you do with your hands all day, from making
yourself fried eggs in the morning to folding laundry in the evening, it becomes clear how vital skillfulness is to
daily life. 6 You need it to play sports, for example, or use a remote or a video game controller.
For some specific tips on improving skillfulness, we turned to a personal trainer Abdias Rojas. He said, “there
are so many movements you can do to actually improve not just the strength of your hands but also flexibility in
your hands.” 7
Put rubber bands on your fingers, then expand and contract them. This will contribute to myofascial (肌筋膜
的) release and getting your hands to feel more comfortable.
To get a better sense of how much pressure you should apply when touching things, do hand exercise in sand.
8 But when you do hand exercise inside of a sandbox, put your hands in a box of sand, you can literally learn
to squeeze the sand and understand which joint or which finger is giving more giving more pressure or less
pressure.
9 Practice leaning into them with your palm down on the floor. Then, practice leaning into them
with the backs of your hands on the floor, rolling on them, like putting weight on and taking weight off the wrist.
Finally, try seated eccentric (偏心的) wrist extension. Sit upright with an arm on a table, holding a dumbbell
with your hand hanging off the edge and your palm facing down. Use your other hand to curl your wrist up, lower
it, and repeat. 10
Don’t overlook the value of overall body health when it comes to improving skillfulness, either. Rojas pointed
out that without the optimal gross (最佳的粗肌) and fine motor skills, which make up the skillfulness of our hands,
we would be unable to perform daily tasks.A．It sounds strange.
B．Moreover, it helps you have fun, too.
C．Here are the ones that he recommended.
D．To strengthen your wrists, do wrist mobility drills.
E．Do this in sets of two with 20 repetitions each, every day.
F．To strengthen your sensation of touch, avoid working out with gloves.
G．To start with the basics, flexibility is the skill of performing tasks, particularly with your hands.
（2019·湖北武汉·校联考一模）If something that you’re doing doesn’t challenge you, then it doesn’t change
you. We all need some normal stress in our lives, after all. 11 So challenge the following limits:
1.Figure out what you’re scared of and do it continuously.
If you’re a salesman, and you’re scared of talking to people personally or over the phone now, instead of being
scared and thinking you’ll fail, spend at least five minutes a day to pick up the phone and make a call. 12
But don’t stop on the first try! Eventually, you can look at fear in the eye and say, “Go on. I’m not scared!”
2. 13
Make sure this hobby is not linked to your career; you have to relax and relieve your stress while performing
this. Some examples might be cooking, sewing, painting and so on. Apart from helping you challenge yourself,
taking a class for your hobby may also give you extra income.
3. Set aside at least nine minutes a day for physical exercise.
14 A simple 9-minute run around your neighborhood can do wonders for yourself. Exercise can not
only help you maintain your regular weight, but also make you feel better about yourself.
4.Travel and allow yourself to be interested in new people.
Don’t just limit yourself to your fellow travelers, try to connect with the service staff. You never know what
kind of people they’re going to be. Get out of your house or go online to book your ticket right now. 15
A．Someone may hang up on you.
B．You should do it continuously.
C．You don’t need to go to the gym.
D．Running in the gym may be a better choice.
E．Start to travel now and learn to challenge yourself.
F．Take a class for a hobby you’ve been wanting to develop.
G．You can never see any improvement if you stick to your comfort zone.（2023·江西·江西师大附中校考三模）During job or school interviews, you’re likely to be asked what your
strengths and weaknesses are, because the interviewers are interested in how your areas of strengths and
weaknesses might affect your performance in this position. 16 For instance, you may be skilled in
cooking, but if you’re applying for an office job, this strength may be irrelevant.
However, knowing your personal areas of strengths and weaknesses is not a piece of cake. It takes self-
awareness and self-reflection. 17 Or, ask some of your friends what they see as your best qualities or
shortcomings.
18 For example, let’s say my strength is creativity and yours is planning; we both want to have the
same career. We might go about getting there in very different ways. If I did something creative to get my dream
job and you planned carefully, we’d both likely be successful. But if I tried planning and you tried something
creative, both of us might fail. 19
Having a weakness doesn’t have to be a bad thing. It could be something you struggle with, but it could also
be something you haven’t spent time developing yet. 20 For example, maybe your area of weakness is
relevant to gratitude. You just haven’t spent a lot of time thinking about gratitude before. But now you engage in a
bunch of activities that help you turn gratitude into an area of strength. Hey, now you’ve got one more skill!
A．Is it proper to begin with a truthful answer?
B．So ask yourself what you are good or weak at.
C．Our areas of strengths can help us achieve our goals.
D．Thus, it’s helpful to know your strengths related to the role.
E．Many job applicants are unsure how to approach this question.
F．By turning a weakness into a strength, you build other important skills.
G．That’s why it is important to know and use our strengths to reach goals.
（2023·江苏南京·金陵中学校考模拟预测）Do Weighted Blankets Work?
Sleep is supposed to be a natural thing, but if you wrestle with insomnia (失眠症), you may be tempted to try
pieces of equipment that promise better sleep. 21
“They’ve become the sleep tool to have,” says Alanna McGinn, founder and lead sleep expert at Good Night
Sleep Site. “I’m a huge supporter of them because they can work so well.”
About 32 percent of Americans don’t get enough sleep, according to the Centers for Disease Control andPrevention. 22 Insomnia impacts as many as 35 percent of adults from time to time, while 10 percent
have chronic trouble falling and staying asleep.
Choose one that’s around 10 percent of your body weight. 23 Inside is a layer of plastic, glass or
metal balls surrounded by filling. McGinn says the blanket’s heaviness acts as a touch therapy called deep pressure
stimulation. Just as wrapping babies tightly can send them to sleep, these blankets help your heart and breathing
rates slow and your body release feel-good hormones, including serotonin (血清素).
Are they effective? A 2020 review study in the U.S. looked at eight previous studies and concluded that
weighted blankets helped reduce anxiety — but not necessarily insomnia. 24 A randomized controlled
study in Sweden looked at 120 people with insomnia and also depression or anxiety. 25 People with
conditions such as diabetes or breathing issues, however, should check with their doctor before using one. “And if
you’re someone who is a little afraid of an enclosed space, it’s probably not the best thing for you,” adds McGinn.
A．It recommends at least seven hours a night for adults.
B．Those who used a weighted blanket slept better and were less tired or anxious.
C．The study found a significant rise in the related symptoms.
D．But other 2020 research tells a slightly different story.
E．One that might sound a little weird but that has been known to work is a weighted blanket.
F．Dealing with such problems can be more or less tricky.
G．Weighted blankets range between two and 14 kilograms.
（2023·山东·山东省实验中学校考二模）I’ve been living in Spain for decades and I securely guarantee that
I have a talent in figuring out the cool hidden local spots. As a foreigner, I couldn’t care less about doing the
touristy things or enjoying fancy cuisine. 26 So I always attempt to find something that’s appealing and
fun yet represents the local culture, and that offers an interaction with the locals.
My reputation for doing this has grown. 27 Since I am somewhat fluent in Spanish, I could charge
people for this and become somewhat of an official tour guide. I choose not to though, because to me, the most
important thing is making sure the tourist, who already spent a lot of time and money getting to where I am, has the
fun and cultural experience they could possibly have. 28 In that case, tourists can explore the local
culture further at the lowest cost. They could otherwise spend a significant sum of money on a guided tour that
keeps them comfortable but separated from the culture. I choose to give them an experience that’s deeper and opens
their mind, all for free.29 When someone is visiting your area, don’t just take them to the touristy spots. Show them the
places that mean something to you. Show them your heart through the places that you show them and the
experience you give them. There’s something good in almost every town out there. If you don’t have any spots in
your area that you like, learn to find the good in the place you live. If you find the good in where you live, you will
also find the good in yourself. It’s a time that both you and the tourist will probably never obtain again. 30
A．Everyone can do the same.
B．I could hardly have imagined it would happen.
C．It could also help me create a lifelong connection with them.
D．What’s most crucial is experiencing the genuine country and culture.
E．I know better than tourists themselves what they are eager to experience.
F．Don’t rush the experience, thoroughly enjoy every moment with that person.
G．I’m being asked frequently to offer people tours, both to friends and strangers.
（2023·广东·华南师大附中校考三模）There are countless articles online that will give you advice on how
to deal with homesickness, but here are some of my favorite advice and tips on what has helped me. 31 .
Make food from your home country
And if you don’t cook, try learning to cook with friends or find new places to eat. This may just be me loving
food, but eating with friends really makes things so much better. 32 .
Food can be connected to memories. You can talk about what this reminds you of, while also creating new
memories to mix with the ones that make you miss home.
Call home—but not every minute of every day
I was a little annoyed when I saw so many online sources phrase it this way: “Talk to your parents—but not
too much. Call home—but not too often.” 33 . It’s good to keep in touch with your family and friends.
However, it’s a problem when you’re talking to them so much that it’s stopping you from having real experience in
this new place.
34 . Call the people you love often, keep them updated with your life and ask them how life is going
for them. You’re going to need that. Think of it this way—the more you’re living outside of your room, the more
you can tell them later about everything you’re learning.
35
There is nothing wrong with finding someone to talk about how you’re feeling. It can be friends and family,mentors or professors that you feel can understand you. Or it may mean talking to a counselor or getting
psychological help if that’s what you think you need. Talking about mental health is becoming a lot more open. So,
if you’re feeling homesick, it can also be helpful to do some research on who your university recommends you
reach out to.
A．Talk to someone
B．Do some research
C．There is nothing wrong with being homesick
D．So, of course, keep in touch with your family
E．Hopefully, they will be helpful to you as well
F．But, the thing is, they really have a point when they say that
G．It’s a way to bond, an excuse to get closer, and you even get rewarded from it
（2022·四川泸州·校联考模拟预测）Sending a note of congratulations is a wonderful way to let someone
know you care about them. 36 , but these messages are an excellent way to stay in touch, develop a
relationship, and build goodwill.
In informal circumstances, it’s all right to send a message of congratulations in an e-mail. 37 . In a
professional context, you might write a letter; in a more personal context, your messages should be hand-written on
high-quality note paper.
The purpose of a note of congratulations is straightforward: to recognize and congratulate the recipient on
some wonderful achievement, event, or milestone in her life. 38 .
Rather than writing a generic note, really take some time to brainstorm your content to make your message
special. What do you know about how hard the reader worked to achieve this milestone? Share personal insights
and memories, and your note will mean that much more. 39 . People like to be praised for their general
wonderfulness, but they especially like to know that you understand what they’ve been doing and effort they’ve
made.
40 . As you look over the draft, put yourself in the reader’s shoes and try to imagine how you would
feel if you received such a note. Can you make it more personal, more meaningful? Revise your draft until you
know you are sending a message you yourself would like to receive.
A．Appreciate what went into the achievement
B．A note like this can make your reader feel appreciatedC．Choose general words to praise what they’ve achieved
D．It’s a good idea to write out a rough draft before you actually write on nice paper
E．However, your message will mean much more to the recipient if you put it on paper
F．As technology develops, people can send messages of congratulations in various ways
G．As the pace of life has accelerated, people are sending fewer messages of congratulations
（2023·四川巴中·统考一模）Friendship is a practice of unconditional love, an opportunity to grow together
towards fulfillment (成就), and a journey to unfold the most precious capacities of a human being. 41 Here
4 key points to develop and sustain a true friendship.
42 Many times we blame the other person for what we feel, without realizing that we are presenting the
bad power to him/her. This is not, however, something we must be afraid of or we should avoid. When we create a
bond of affection with another human being, we are automatically vulnerable to the actions that are produced by
this person. Being aware of that, we would be better off if we take responsibility and accept the emotions that come
up in our inner world instead of blaming the other for what we are feeling.
Provide support and encouragement. Friendships aren’t all fun and games — they do require you put in some
work. Say they’ve just quarreled with their parents or failed an exam. It’s your job to be there for them and provide
them with whatever they need, starting with support and comfort. 43
Whatever the case, make it apparent that you’re rooting for them.
Seek the good of the other person. When we love another person, we seek the good of the other because we
gladden their own happiness. Therefore, our seeking for the other person’s good is totally disinterested. We serve
the other without expecting anything in return. 44
Accept the differences. 45 . Friendship welcomes differences and integrates them into a level of union
that accepts and goes beyond them. Friendship involves recognizing that the value of the relationship is beyond our
personal traits and belief system.
A．Be honest with each other.
B．Acts of love are made for its own sake.
C．Take responsibility of your own emotions.
D．Additionally, it’s your duty to give them encouragement as needed.
E．Human beings are relational beings, as everything we find in the nature.
F．Therefore, developing friendship with other people is essential in our lives.G．Friendship doesn’t mean having the same interests, opinions and mindset as the other person.
（2023·河北石家庄·正定一中校考模拟预测）Insecurities are negative thoughts that can cause you to doubt
yourself. According to the American Psychological Association, being insecure can make it difficult for you to trust
others, have healthy relationships, be confident of your abilities and reach for your goals. 46 .
Challenge negative self-talk. 47 . Then it’s important to start challenging it. For instance, if the voice
is saying “Don’t try to dance because you’re a horrible dancer and everyone will laugh at you”, tell yourself “I’m
going to dance because I love dancing and the only thing I care about is having fun”.
48 . People who struggle with confidence tend to have a bias (偏见) about everything they believe
they cannot do. Instead, focus your attention toward the things you do well and the areas in which you would like to
continue to improve.
Channel confidence. Try to channel times in your life when you were feeling confident and embody that
feeling. 49 —it could be when you made a great presentation, gave an important speech, or managed a
difficult conversation. Get back into that head space and see how your thought patterns and body language also
radiate confidence.
Get comfortable with being uncomfortable. Stop avoiding things that make you uncomfortable. 50 .
Commit to doing something every day that pushes you to grow and become a stronger person.
A．Focus on your strengths
B．Follow your inner voices confidently
C．Instead, take action to prevent those consequences
D．Fortunately, you can help yourself feel less insecure
E．For example, think about the time when you were proud of yourself
F．Instead, start dealing with the things that scare you and facing the unknown
G．Sometimes, you may get aware of the inner voice that’s putting doubts in your mind
（2023·河北衡水·衡水市第二中学校考三模）Bike Helmet(头盔) Safety
Bicycle riding is about as safe as walking. But when you’re riding in traffic or down a mountain trail, it can be
dangerous. Wearing a safe bicycle helmet correctly is the best way to protect your head in a crash.
Helmets have changed over the years and there are helmets made for lots of different activities. 51
Start by picking one that’s specially designed for biking.To choose a helmet, first find the size of your head where a hatband or sweatband might sit. Use a fabric tape
measure or a piece of string and measure it with a ruler.
52 Hey, it happens! Turn the dial to adjust the tension until you feel comfortable—nod and shake
your head. The helmet should stay in place.
Adjust the helmet so that the front edge is level across your forehead, and 1 or 2 fingerbreadths above your
eyebrows. 53 Next up, slide the side adjusters up so the side straps(侧带)form a“V” with the point
RIGHT under your ear, and ensure that both sides of the V are nice. 54 So check them when you put
your helmet on and re-tighten as needed.
Finally, look in a mirror to check your work—and make sure you look great! Things can shake a bit as you
ride, so you may need to adjust a bit along the way. And remember that for most helmets, once you’ve crashed, the
helmet is trash, and it’s time to get a new one.
Alright, make a quick summary: 55 To wear it correctly, make sure the helmet is level and just
above your eyebrows. Then, adjust the straps so they hold the helmet properly in place.
A．Straps often loosen.
B．So it protects your head and face.
C．Then check if the helmet suits you.
D．Next, make sure the helmet’s not on backwards.
E．Select a helmet that is safe for biking and fits your head.
F．Some are multi-purpose, but they may not be made for riding.
G．If you feel a bit of tension when you speak, you’ve done it right.
（2023·安徽合肥·合肥市第八中学校考模拟预测）Meeting strangers is probably one of most people’s
biggest fears, only second to speaking in front of a crowd. Thankfully, it doesn’t have to be an experience as scary
as you might think. 56 .
Go out alone. Don’t always go to events with a friend or family member. 57 . If you go with
someone you’re familiar with, you’re more likely to stay and talk to the person you already know rather than try to
talk with strangers.
58 . Most people’s favorite topics are about themselves. Even if you don’t have an interesting
icebreaker, you can always ask people to talk about themselves—they’ll be more than happy to oblige you. For
example: ask what they do for a living, where they’re from, or what they studied in school. 59 . They’llbe excited to share their hobbies, and you might find that you have something in common!
Don’t be embarrassed if you’re visibly nervous. If your voice cracks or your handshake is sweaty, laugh it off.
If you’re an amateur comedian and can make it into a joke, point it out and get people laughing with you. If it’s
something that makes you feel less confident, just ignore it. Everyone gets nervous sometimes, so push past and
continue on with the conversation. 60 .
A．Start by introducing yourself.
B．Encourage people to talk about themselves.
C．People can come to you when you’re alone.
D．By going alone, you’re forced to meet other people.
E．Don’t let it embarrass you enough that you have to walk away.
F．These few easy tips will help you talk with strangers more comfortably.
G．If you get someone talking about their interests, eventually you’ll see their true personalities come out.
（2023·江西·濂溪一中校联考模拟预测）How to prepare for a thrilling hike? Hiking needs mental and
physical preparation weeks before the material day. If you’re a fan of hiking mountains. Here is a guide to help you.
Train hard and train in time
You need to train your body at least three months before the challenge. 61 You can start with baby
steps and gradually take more demanding exercises and distance. You can often carry your hiking stick to promote
stability. Keep track of your progress to help you achieve your goal.
Choose your clothes carefully
62 . Wear light absorbent pants to reduce friction and promote absorption of sweat. Long pants keep
you safe from stinging weeds, insects and tough weather.
63
You must consider various factors before purchasing the most appropriate hiking shoes. First, mind the terrain
(地形) of the hiking ground. A mild terrain will do fine with light shoes. On the other hand. A tough, hard and
mountainous terrain require hardy hots to help navigate the rocky grounds.
Adequately pack your bag
Your bag is your lifeline when hiking. Water is the most essential itch when hiking. The body performs best
when you hydrate frequently throughout the challenge. Carry adequate clean water and sip often. 64 These
are primary tools to help you find your way, water points, emergency towers, and other places. Hope for the lest butalways prepare for ever-agencies. Thus, ensure you have a flash light, a lighter and a whistle.
Hiking is a refreshing way of keeping fit, having fun and building resilience. 65
A．Choose appropriate footwear
B．Search for the route you will he hiking
C．Carry a compass, a map and a gas with you
D．Adequate water can help you be in good con lit ion
E．create a regular schedule and be disciplined to follow it
F．Wear appropriate clothes that allow your free movement
G．Adequate planning will help have a fantastic experience of it
（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考三模）For decades, I was a hard drinker who could drink
anyone under the table. This lasted from the age of 27 until after 50, a golden time during which I felt very sorry for
ex-drinkers and people who couldn’t or wouldn’t drink. How did they make it through social situations, especially
parties? What did they do at the end of a workday to celebrate and relax? 66
When I first tried to quit drinking myself in my early 50s, I wasn’t sure at first how it would work for me. But
I did it anyway. 67 I was getting older. I had to concede that I wasn’t as tough as I used to be. Nights of
drinking too much showed in my face, and I could feel it in my bones. I wanted to take care of myself. So for the
next few years, I bounced between not drinking at all for months at a time, then slowly starting again until I had to
quit again.
During these years, I didn’t love not drinking. But I had to admit that when I was off booze, I looked and felt
better physically: I slept more deeply, had more energy, exercised more. My mind was clearer. My moods were
brighter. Parties were hard, and so was cooking at the end of a day of writing without a glass of wine at my elbow.
68
I finally quit drinking for real almost four years ago, on 12 July 2019, when a writer friend stayed with my
husband and me after his wife kicked him out. After my husband had gone upstairs to bed, my friend sat on our sofa
drinking an entire bottle of gin, complaining about his fate, until he passed out next to our dog, whose bed that sofa
was. 69 I didn’t have a drink the next night, or ever again since.
I’m not going to lie: being sober is not a hot-air balloon ride. 70 Having to feel my damn feelings
without filters compels me to face and change the things in my life that keep me stuck. Hard work all around, but as
my reward, I connect more deeply with the people I care about. I think of not drinking as a kindness I’ve givenmyself. And to my surprise, it’s rewarded me with true, hard-won happiness.
A．My body demanded it.
B．My health started improving rapidly.
C．It’s more like a hike in the mountains.
D．How did they quit drinking?
E．It was a wake-up call.
F．But the pluses seemed to outweigh the minuses.
G．How did they get through life?
（2023·浙江丽水·校联考三模）Garden lights are extremely important. 71 We have prepared the
ultimate guide that aims to provide you with all the information that you could possibly need. So, what are you
waiting for? Let’s get started.
The first thing that you need to do is to use LED lights that are known for their low heat emission. It would
also help reduce the attraction to flies or insects. 72 Hence, you need to go for a lower heat emissions
option. The lights are good for the environment and help you save energy costs.
Next, you have to install light shields (保护罩) for creating a physical barrier between the outdoor elements
and lights. By getting light shields, you get to increase the protection of your expensive outdoor lights. 73
Don’t forget to take the accurate measurement of the lights when shopping for light shields.
When it comes to using garden lights, location is everything. 74 You need to place the garden lights in
a location where the outdoor lighting components would be protected from the elements. They should provide
sufficient lighting and last a long time at the same time.
Finally, you also have to maintain the garden lights system for ensuring that it continues to be properly
controlled. Regardless of which type of garden lights you get, you have to ensure that they are well maintained and
serviced from time to time. 75 You have no excuse not to get them serviced.
A．It is not something that should be taken lightly.
B．Unexpected elements will cause damage to the lights.
C．It can be frustrating to see them taking over the lighting.
D．Place them in the correct position to work and last a long time.
E．They can make your garden area safer and more beautiful in no time.
F．You should seek help from a lighting professional for the best outcome.
G．They also help ensure the lights do not shine too bright in just one spot.真题演练
2023年
Passage 1
【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is
human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring?
Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your
personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve
done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing
without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange
thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t
wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The
thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to
develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
Passage 2
【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious
followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what
it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspirationand may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ___16___ You’ll want to look back on your
journey to see how far you’ve come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether
you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___17___
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___18___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful.
Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a
painting every day for a month and post the works online.
·___19___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social
media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my
level of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. ___20___ Push through, give it time and put in the effort.
You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
.
A Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
Passage 3
【2023年全国乙卷】Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they
are the unsung heroes of the home. ____16____, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing
by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to
look after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants?
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these
species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. ____17____.
Why are indoor plants good for you?
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “____18____. I find during the winter months,
plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plantscan improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around
them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or
cooking. ____19____.
Which plants can you grow?
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy
plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and
you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “____20____,” Spoelstra says.
“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
Passage 4
【2023年全国甲卷】Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There
is one answer. ___16___.
In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However,
research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.
___17___. “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
● Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research
suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit
of waiting is to practice. ___18___. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra
minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply
it to other, more annoying situations.
● ___19___.So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we
experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to
say to yourself, “___20___.” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
Passage 5
【2023年北京卷】It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families
as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a
decision. ____35____
When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not
counted in rankings. ____36____
Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching
than courses in higher-ranked universities. ____37____ The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is
surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most
important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.
Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education.
Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.
____38____ Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the
result？ Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.
____39____ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with
more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank
schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.
What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-
quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.
A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.
2022年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2022年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your
Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ”
while another read: “___16___” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle
(微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___17___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to
move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a
useful response. ___18___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training
she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It
also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___19___
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___20___ Over time, both of you will benefit —
your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your
relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
Passage2【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process
can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
___16___ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write
nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ___17___ Don’t
worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a
good store of ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. ___18___ Yet, by
learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄
皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete
highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision.
___19___ As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing
revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can
enter your changes into your word processor. ___20___ The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C. The second draft of the essay should be better.
D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
Passage3
【2022年全国乙卷】Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to
sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one
another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___16___.
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted
and what method works best for you both. ___17___. There are alternatives to constant written communication,such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy (共情)
___18___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the
friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel
abandoned.
· ___19___
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might
make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that
keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone
___20___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.
Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever
possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
Passage4
【2022年全国甲卷】Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___16___. Knowing
some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the
world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down
between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.
___17___ .
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect youto eat with a utensil in each hand. ___18___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch
any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
___19___ . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their
seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various
countries. ___20___ , the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
Passage5
【2022 年北京卷】Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various
pressures, we tend to ignore our health. ____35____ It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these
diseases.
____36____ We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be
attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not
have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. ____37____ This does not
definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic
conditions we live in.
It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. ____38____ For instance, we must
exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age
groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.
Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It
helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. ____39____ This, in turn, gives us
new goals of health and fitness.
A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life.B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.
C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.
D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.
E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.
F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.
G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.
Passage6
【2022年浙江卷6月】I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their
Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give
Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. ____11____
Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to
achieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. ____12____ And when writing doesn’t
seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.
Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children
write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. ____13____ You write
“Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect.
____14____ Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly
producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal
language most of the time.
There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done.
____15____ This type of writing won’t be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential
client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience.
A. It isn’t that these young people can’t write.
B. But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be.
C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted.
E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.
F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have.
G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
Passage7
【2022年浙江卷1月】I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice thatallow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. 11
Pick the most important.
12 Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. 1 chose the life of an adviser because I like
to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle 1
want.
Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. 13
Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find
people in your company who share common interests and develop your career （职业）around the people and
activities you love.
14
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things
that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to
gain back an hour here or there.
Lighten up.
The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress
and keep refining （改进）toward a happy productive existence. 15 Every completion is a small victory that adds
up in a big way.
A. Speed up.
B. Be an active learner.
C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
Passage8
【2022年浙江卷6月】I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their
Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give
Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. ____11____
Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to
achieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. ____12____ And when writing doesn’tseem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.
Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children
write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. ____13____ You write
“Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect.
____14____ Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly
producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal
language most of the time.
There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done.
____15____ This type of writing won’t be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential
client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience.
A. It isn’t that these young people can’t write.
B. But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be.
C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted.
E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.
F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have.
G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
2021年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which
you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate
the benefits of being able to read more quickly. ____16____
·Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your back and
the book should be at the right distance from your eyes. ____17____
____18____ Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc.This will help you to decide
whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it. Ten minutes spent in this way could save
you quite a lot of time in the long run.
If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time. ____19____ A
history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific
subjects. In the former case you may be able to read a chapter. In the latter you may only be able to read one page.Always keep a pencil and paper beside you. ____20____Note also the facts important for your purpose as
well as anything which leads you to further research. You don't have to write these things in detail. It is enough to
put the page number and one or two words as a reminder .
A. Stop to have a rest now and then.
B. Spend a few minutes looking through the book.
C. This depends on the type of book you are reading.
D. Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.
E. Make a note of any page which is of special importance.
F. You may find yourself having to leam something by heart.
G. Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.
Passage2
【2021年全国甲卷】Swap, Don’t shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge
amount of natural resources（资源）to make, and buying loads of new clothing（or throwing out old clothing）is
not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them
clothes piled on your bedroom floor? ____16____. It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes
from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how
much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. ____17____ , and there may not be enough things to
choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
●____18____. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their "new" clothes home.
●Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.____19____. Place a few mirrors around
your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be
that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
●Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. ____20____. And don't
forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughoutE. Donate whatever clothes are left over
.
F Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
Passage3
【2021年全国乙卷】According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make
yourself interesting at a dinner party.
___36___, if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time.
So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.
People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do
you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking
to. ___37___, it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who
were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.
___38___? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox （讲台）.
If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the
situation.___39___.
And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a
dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment（赞扬）.
___40___. Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”
So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
Passage4
【2021年北京卷】Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people．
____35____ The mental health benefits from music can't be argued．Music could also be helping you with many
other health problems behind the scenes．
____36____However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting（分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels．This，of course，
can lead to less pain．
Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed．____37____While the validity of the
idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly, according to
researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels，
through the lowering of stress and anxiety．
When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the
tempo that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European study，participants listened to music as the
researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure．____38____ On the other hand，when the music
slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow
suit．
____39____But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，
which is what makes music so valuable．
A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems．
B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud．
C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing．
D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep．
E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive．
F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety．
G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were．
Passage5
【2021年浙江卷1月】You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need,
head to the front, and choose the line that looks fastest.
You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to
the parking lot. 11 ．
It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster.
Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum
delay. 12 ． Any small interruption - a price check, a chatty customer-can have downstream effects, holding up an
entire line.
If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about theprobability: 13 ． So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.
Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long, snaking line-
called a serpentine line - and serve each person at the front with the next available register. 14 ． This is what they
do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish
the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.
15 ． It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or
manpower. So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck.
A．Why does this always seem to happen to you?
B．So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines?
C．Some of the may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.
D．The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
E.How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?
F.With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G.But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.
Passage 6
【2021年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.____36____So the first thing
we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to
leave our suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing ( 水 管 )
worked. ____37____Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in
perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a
couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. ____38____ French strawberries do not taste like
cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
____39____ On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some
groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed
they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency.
You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded.____40____When do these people work? The
French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with agroup of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
Passage7
【2021年浙江卷6月】You've got mail…and it's a postcard
Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly
colored picture of Rome's Colosseum. Or Africa's Victoria Falls. Or China's Great Wall. ___11___
"I often send postcards to family and friends." he says to China Daily, "but you can imagine that after a while,
you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it ___12___ ” Seeking other like-
minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online. Many would say the Internet is
a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulo's hunch（直觉）paid off.
Today his hobby has developed into the website postcrossing.com, a social network that has grown to 575,217
registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago. ___13___ Running the website has
almost turned into a full-time job.
Language is certainly a harrier for many people. For postcrossing to work worldwide, a common
communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other. As cool as it may be to receive a
postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn't work if one doesn't understand it. ___14___ So a common
language is required and in postcrossing that's English since it's widely spoken.
"Many people in China have limited exposure to English. ___15___ That said, we know of many
postcrossing members, including Chinese, who have actually improved their English skills through their use of
postcrossing," Paulo says.
A. And that's totally fine
B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it
C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby
D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
2020年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2020年新课标Ⅰ】A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance
We all want it… to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 36.
Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
●37. Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you
hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your
own;you are the only you in this world.
●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes
and our failures. 38. You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you
could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? ＂That didn’t go as planned.
But, I tried my best.＂
●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength
before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you
got out of bed today. 39.
●Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words
why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. 40. Turn to a
page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?
A. Feeling upset again?
B. Where do you start?
C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D. Remember, you are only human.
E.Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F.Stop comparing yourself with others.
G.When does the comparison game start?
Passage2
【2020年新课标Ⅱ】Emoji(表情符号) and Workplace Communication
In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work andplay. 36. . It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping
intention clear. 37. , encouraging better and more frequent communication.
In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in
communication style can be a challenge. 38. . While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for
those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). The good news is
that it’s simple to learn and can be worth the effort.
There is also the matter of tone(语气). Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day?
39. . Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging
smile.
40. , and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding
smiling emojis to their business communication, you’ll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.
A. Message with emojis feel more conversational
B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E.Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F.Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G.An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
Passage3
【2020年新课标Ⅲ】 A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into
a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is
a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 36. And it is good time to fill the
new space with love and hopeful presents.
37. Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local stores. Some
common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if
there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a
plant.
38. This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. There are usually no
planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably giveall the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person
moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 39.
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood
to a new home as a gift. 40. Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.
A. This isn’t usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E.It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F.The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G.This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
Passage4
【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】 Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.16. Do
you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.
People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to
give a speech, you focus on the “public”at the expense of the”speaking. “ 17. Focus on the speaking. Talk
directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is
the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact,most people only absorb about 20 percent of
a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.18.
Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.19. And like everything else in life, that takes practice.
Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
20. It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer. “On the other hand, you probably
can’t count the times that you’ve thought, “I’m glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever! “So surprise your
audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It’s better to leave your listeners
wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
A. Do the opposite.
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.
C. You don’ t need to apologize for a minor slip.
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E.The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audienceF.Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners
G.However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
Passage5
【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷（海南卷）】Talking with your doctor
Talking freely with your doctor can make you feel better and gives your doctor the information she or he needs
to give you the best care. Don't be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering you.____16____
●Stay positive.
Go to your doctor's visits with a good attitude.____17____Think teamwork! Think positive!
●Keep track of how you are feeling.
____18____This will make it easier for you to answer questions about your symptoms（症状）and how
medicines make you feel. It also makes it easier for you to bring up anything that you are worried about. Make sure
to be honest about how you feel and how long you've felt that way.
●____19____
Your medical history is a list of your illnesses, treatments, what the doctors told you to do, and anything else
you think your doctor should know. Also, if you are allergic（过敏）to any medicines, be sure to mention that to
your doctor.
●Ask questions.
Do not be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you have. To remember all the questions you have when you
are not in the doctor's office, write them down and bring the list with you to your
appointment.____20____Remember—there's no such thing as a stupid question. If you don't understand the answer
to a question, ask the doctor to explain it again until you do understand.
A. This will make getting answers easier.
B. Here are some tips for talking with your doctor.
C. You can talk to another doctor if the treatments don't work.
D. Before your doctor's visit, keep notes on how you are feeling.
E. Remember, your doctor and other caregivers are on your side.
F. Bring your medical history, including a list of your current medicines.
G. Writing down what the doctor says will help you remember important information.
Passage6
【2020年北京卷】Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one's head in the sand
and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talksto himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some
events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.____46____Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop
negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking
tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to
believe in themselves and in what they do.
____47____People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and
anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also
contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships.____48____For example, researchers have found
that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide
a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety. Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as
a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the
contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.____49____
In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the
quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a
problem.____50____
Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one's physical and mental health.
A. It doesn't cause any severe emotional discomfort, either.
B. Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect.
C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations.
D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind.
E. As thinking changes, an individual's behaviour and habits change as well.
F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.
G. They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small.
Passage7
【2020年浙江卷1月】Let's take a minute to think about the water we use. The human body is 60% water
and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy. When we are thirsty we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with
clean water.
___31___For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we
turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.
The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want，but this is not the case for manypeople around the world.___32___That's around one in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water，we can
catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500，000 children die from diarrhea(腹泻)from
dirty water. That's around 1，400 children every day！Also，in some countries children walk many kilometres
every day to get water.___33___Therefore，they don't have time to learn how to read or write and don't get an
education.
___34___On this day every year，countries around the world hold events to educate people about the
problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world. At one
school in the UK，children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres of water.___35___People give
them money to do this and all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the world.
A. We use water indirectly too.
B. Every system in our body depends on water to function.
C. It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems
D. If children walk many hours a day to get water，they can't go to school.
E. Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink？
F. In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water.
G. In this way，they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles.
2019年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2019年全国卷 Ⅰ】Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?
We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” ____36____ According to
recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good.
___37___ If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-
then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to
breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.
Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing( 治愈).
_____38_____ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking
at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情
绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a
faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. ______39______ It gives us a great feeling of peace.
___40___While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sureyou get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes
sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of
Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
Passage 2
【2019 年全国卷Ⅱ】Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the
question:“Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two
sides of same coin. ___36___Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.
___37___ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate
yourself , your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your
you’re your goals
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly
related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. ___38___ So, slow down and
think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your
beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible.____39____ They also need to be measurable. You
must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become
one because your eyesight is not good enough.____40____You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to
set a fresh goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome
them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it
Passage 3
【2019年全国卷 III】In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is
very important. ___36___ While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can
arise. Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑)of each to their particular circumstance.
Do's
• ___37___ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the
course design, read the syllabus(教学大纲)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't
hiding in plain sight.
• Participate in discussion forums(论坛), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. ___38___ Be sure
to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don'ts
• Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your
best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. ___39___
• Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. ___40___ When a student attacks a professor on the
social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor's
professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A. That's what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common do's and don' ts for online learners.
F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
Passage 4
【2019年浙江卷6月】Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit
among all music groups, they make very different music. ___31___ At that time the Beatles entered the world of
music from Liverpool.After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with
nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England. ___32___ They held large
concerts and performed at clubs. They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. They began as
a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends(传说). John Lennon and Paul
McCartney were named composers of the year.
___33___ They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. Beatlemania hit New
York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them. ___34___ The concert was
broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time. The Beatles
were described as a British invasion(入侵)by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in
America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot
of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. ___35___
A. They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.
B. Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.
C. Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.
D. However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come.
E. Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.
F. They appeared in the films A Hard Day's Night(1964)and Help！(1965).
G. They performed their first concert in America at CBS television's 53rd street studio.
Passage 5
【2018年浙江卷11月】Some people are so rude. Who sends an e-mail or a text message that just says
“Thank you?” Who leaves a voice mail message rather than texts you? Who asks for a fact easily found on the
Internet? ______31______
Maybe I’m the rude one for not appreciating life’s little courtesies(礼节). But many social norms(规范) just
don’t make sense to people drowning in digital communication.
Take the thank-you note. Daniel Post Senning, a coauthor of Emily Post’s Etiquette，asked, “At what point
does showing appreciation outweigh the cost?”
_____32_____ Think of how long it takes to listen to one of those messages. In texts, you don’t have to
declare who you are or even say hello. E-mail, too, is slower than a text. The worst are those who leave a voice mail
and then send an e-mail message to tell you they left a voice mail.
This isn’t the first time technology has changed our manners, ____33____ Alexander Graham Bell, the
inventor, suggested that people say, " Ahoy! "Finally, hello won out, and the victory sped up the greeting's use inface-to-face communications.
In the age of the smart phone, there is no reason to ask once-acceptable questions about:the weather forecast, a
business’s phone number, or directions to a house, a restaurant, or an office, which can be easily found on a digital
map. _____34_____ And when you answer, they respond with a thank-you e-mail.
How to handle these differing standards? Easy: Consider your audience. Some people,especially older ones,
appreciate a thank-you message. ____35____ In traditional societies, the young learn from the old. But in modern
societies, the old can also learn from the young. Here's hoping that politeness never goes out of fashion but that
time-wasting forms of communication do.
A．Then there is voice mail.
B．Others, like me, want no reply.
C． But people still ask these things.
D．Don’t these people realize that they’re wasting your time?
E. Won't new technology bring about changes in our daily life?
F. Face-to-face communication makes comprehension much easier.
G. When the telephone was invented, people didn't know how to greet a caller.
Passage1
【2019年北京卷】Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成)in teams. Most people believe
the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals._____46_____Companies
spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent？
___47___They focused on football，basketball and baseball. The results are mixed For football and
basketball，adding talented players to a team proves a good method，but only up to the point where 70% of the
players are top talent；above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly，this trend isn’t
evident in baseball. where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
To explain this phenomenon，the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team
requires its members to coordinate(协调)their actions.______48______In baseball，the performance of individual
players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high，team performance
will suffer when there is too much talent，while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance
when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is. for example，trying to gain a high personal point total，
he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate，affecting the team's
performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told，“There is no I in TEAM.”___49___Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team，some players may make less effort. Just as
in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛)，whenever a person is added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
___50___.An A-team may require a balance-not just A players，but a few generous B players as well.
A. It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent
C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention.
D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
