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考点 29 阅读七选五-段首设空题（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 高考真题考点分布年份 卷别 体裁 词 主题 话题 设题位置 选项特征
数 语境 段 段 段
首 中 尾
新高考全 夹叙夹 人与 使用英语词典的经验、
313 1 4 0 完整句
国I卷 议文 自我 心得与乐趣
新高考全
国** 错 人与 如 何 避 免 “ 过 度 旅
说明文 297 1 3 1 完整句
误的表达 自然 游”
2024 式 **I卷
年 人与
全国甲卷 说明文 313 适度饮食 1 3 1 完整句
自我
人与 “刺猬”型思维方式和
北京卷 说明文 363 1 4 0 完整句
社会 “狐狸”型思维方式
浙江1月 人与
说明文 330 在线学习利弊 1 4 0 完整句
卷 社会
新高考全 人与
说明文 321 自我原谅 0 4 1 完整句
国I卷 自我
新高考全
国** 错 人与
说明文 310 开始艺术之旅的建议 1 3 1 完整句
误的表达 社会
式 **I卷
2023 人与 残缺句＋
全国乙卷 说明文 335 室内植物的好处 0 3 2
年 自然 完整句
人与 成为更有耐心的人的技 残缺句＋
全国甲卷 说明文 287 1 3 1
自我 巧 完整句
人与
北京卷 说明文 255 如何选择高校的建议 1 3 1 完整句
社会
浙江1月 人与 能使火车旅行更舒适的
说明文 361 1 4 0 完整句
卷 社会 建议
人与 一些外出就餐时要知道 残缺句＋
全国甲卷 说明文 315 1 3 1
2022 社会 的一些重要事情 完整句
年 人与 五种维系异地友谊的方 残缺句＋
全国乙卷 说明文 316 3 1 1
社会 法 完整句新高考全 人与 如何找到一个一起锻炼
说明文 332 0 4 1 完整句
国I卷 社会 的伙伴
新高考全
国** 错 人与
说明文 312 介绍写文章的技巧 1 4 0 完整句
误的表达 社会
式 **I卷
既可以充分利用时间又
浙江卷1 人与
说明文 309 可以快乐放松的有效建 2 2 1 完整句
月 社会
议
浙江卷6 人与 写作都是带有某种目的
说明文 338 1 3 1 完整句
月 社会 的
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
从近三年高考试题对段首句共考查17次，其作用多为主旨句或承上启下句。
【备考策略】
1．广泛阅读，尤其是内容贴近生活、贴近时代的“关爱自我、关注社会、关心环境”型材料。
2．培养和提升语篇理解能力、逻辑思辨能力，树立“语篇框架(脉络)”意识，具体方式如下：
3.【命题预测】
从近三年命题的发展趋势来看，预测2025年高考阅读理解七选五试题仍然以结构鲜明的指导类说明文为主，段首句也是考查重点。
【必备基础知识】
七选五阅读文章体裁以说明文、记叙文为主。语篇模式也较为固定：依次是提出问题、分析问题、最
后是提供解决方案；题目的位置也很固定：有首句、句中、末句与独立成段四种情形；题型的正确选
项大致可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意
义）三类。
若问题在段首，通常是段落主题句。若是针对段落小标题设空。其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同。选项应
短小精评，多为名词词组、动名词短语或祈使向。若段落首句设空，段首句要么与段落标题相关联，要么
是段落主题句。选项要有概括性。
01 段首设空考查小标题或段落主题句
1. 小标题或段落主题句：如章首或段首设空，一般考查文章或段落主题。
2. 注释小标题：如在小标题之后接着设空，一般是对小标题加以注释。
3. 段落间的过渡句：如首段之后的段首设空，一般是考查承上启下的过渡语句。
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help?
Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and
communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___16___
Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making
wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online
posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape,
culture or food deeply draws you. ___17___
●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though
overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of
extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___18___ Why not try a
regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?
● ___19___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll
compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy
when tourism is traditionally slower.
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling?
C. Travel for you and no one else.D. Can overtourism be avoided then?
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
（2024·陕西榆林·一模）How to Start a Garden in 2024?
...
19 .
Some plants will grow tall and some will grow closer to the ground. Tall plants will shade shorter plants and
prevent them getting needed sunshine. Also, give little seedlings plenty of room to stretch and grow. If they grow
too close together, don’t be afraid to thin seedlings.
Save money with seeds and cuttings.
Buying all of your plants from the garden center is expensive. 20 . Reach out to friends and family
who garden and ask them to share spare seeds with you. Also check to see if they have any plants you can take
cuttings from. It takes longer than buying young plants, but it is definitely more satisfying and you will learn so
much.
A．If you need some help
B．Size up your growing space
C．If you’re a newcomer
D．Here are some essential tips for beginners in gardening
E．Choose a container size appropriate for what you are growing
F．Investing in rich soil initially create s a suitable environment
G．However, you can grow a huge range of plants from seeds or cuttings
02 段首设空考查注释小标题
【2023年浙江1月卷】
...
Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can
be a disaster. 39 Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times.
Have fun. 40 Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside
the window. To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of
seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts). If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel
one mile, you’re going 67.92 mph.A．Train trips aren’t for impatient types.
B．You’ll have views from both sides of the train.
C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
D．That’s particularly true during busy summer months.
E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner.
（2024·江西南昌·三模）
...
It is necessary to take responsibility for your actions. Just like your words, you need to take full
responsibility for your actions. Many people make silly excuses and don’t take responsibility for their actions. That
is where they hurt others and themselves. 18 It won’t bring your self-respect down, and it will actually
raise you as a person.
19 So it is wise to avoid negative people. If you are surrounded by negative people that only bring
others down, then you will always feel uncomfortable. If you are surrounded by happy people, you will always be
delighted. Keep away from people who emotionally control others. 20 In order to be emotionally
intelligent, you must have a supporting partner by your side.
A．You need to mind whatever you do.
B．You are known by the company you keep.
C．Just as you try to be a mind reader, others expect so.
D．The best course of action would be to change yourself.
E．Whenever you feel something like that, cut ties with them.
F．Your partner would want you to know exactly what they want.
G．If you make a mistake and affect others negatively, apologize immediately.
03 段首设空考查段落间的过渡句
首段之后的段首设空，一般是考查承上启下的过渡语句。
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a
perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does
not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my
laptop's spellchecker. ____37____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, butI'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise
Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
____38____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words
whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
A. I don't often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don't want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
【2019 年全国卷Ⅱ】Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the
question:“Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two
sides of same coin. ___36___Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.
___37___ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate
yourself , your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your
you’re your goals
...
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it
（最新模拟试题演练）
Passage 1
（2022·浙江温州·三模）If you’re a teenager, you are in a very powerful position. Starting good money
habits now will put you ahead for the rest of your life. Here are money tips for you.
Understand the power of time.
You probably aren’t making a ton of money right now, but that doesn’t matter. What matters is time. 1Let’s look at an example: At the end of your summer job, you have $1000. You invest it at a rate of return of 5%. At
the end of those 50 years, you will have $11,467.49.
Start a money saving habit.
If you start the habit of saving money now, that habit will always be with you. Every dollar you get, whether
it’s a gift, an allowance, or pay from a job, get into the habit of saving a portion of it. Half of it would be ideal. 2
The older you get, the harder it can seem to save even 10% of your money.
3
There is so much information available on the internet You can find articles that will teach you how to make
$100 fast. There are also so many personal finance books to choose from to know where to start. You can talk to
your parents about money, too.
Avoid FOMO.
FOMO is fear of missing out. 4 It’s important, though, to not give up what you want most for what
you want now. What you want now is to take the money you made at your summer job and go on Spring Break.
What you want most is to graduate debt free. Or to be able to quit a job you hate because you have a big emergency
fund to see you through to your next job. It might not seem like it when you’re eighteen. 5
A．Ask for advice.
B．Get Educated.
C．And your money has a lot of it.
D．But all of that will be true in time.
E．Cash tends to burn a hole in our pockets.
F．It’s time to start now because you don’t have many expenses.
G．You’ll think everyone is having more fun than you as a teenager.
Passage 2
（2024·湖北襄阳·一模）Hop on the Silent Walking Trend
Silent walking involves walking outdoors without distractions like music or conversations, focusing on the
mind-body-nature connection. 6 That’s a slower, lower-impact way to relax and is great for fitness. Here’s
everything you need to know about the trend.
Select a natural setting and fully engage your senses. For reaping the mental health benefits, it is
recommended to find a quiet and peaceful natural location. 7 Meanwhile, consciously observing the sights,
sounds, smells, and physical sensations during the walk can significantly impact cognitive and emotional well-
being.
To stimulate the mind, consider exploring different routes than usual. Without your favourite podcast or
playlist, you might slip into boredom on your walk. 8 And it might even be good for your brain. Scientists
applaud the virtue s of boredom for brain health, believing that it boosts creativity and improves social connections.
And if you do get bored, rest assured that it shows you’ve disconnected from external distractions. Go with it, and
make sure you take a different route each time — it’ll keep you motivated.
Start off with five-minute silent walks and eventually build up to thirty minutes. If you’re usually aheadphone wearer, it will feel super weird to walk without your go-to tunes, but give yourself a second to adjust.
Chances are, once you’re a few minutes into your silent walk, you’ll feel the magic kick in. 9
Regular reflection and ongoing documentation are essential. After completing a silent walk, take time to
reflect upon any emerging thoughts, feelings, or insights. 10 Journaling about the experience can also
solidify connections between thoughts and ideas, providing a valuable tool for self-reflection and growth.
A．But being bored won’t hurt you.
B．Taking different paths can lead to exciting discoveries.
C．However, you’ll start noticing the urban landscape around you.
D．Adjusting the routine gradually can help ease into the experience.
E．They can deepen understanding and serve as a record of personal growth.
F．Unlike exercise-oriented walking, it isn’t about reaching certain speed or steps.
G．In such an environment, you can immerse yourself in the natural soundscape (音景).
Passage 3
（23-24高三下·云南昆明·阶段练习）It is likely that you've heard that the pitter-pattering (噼啪声) of
raindrops can help people fall asleep. There's also research that supports the idea that rain sounds are a useful sleep
aid. Here's what to know.
11
Rain sounds mask other sharper noises in your environment. Think of a dripping faucet (水龙头) in the other
room —in silence, it could be very annoying. With a masking background of wind in the leaves, a soft rain, or some
gentle waves playing on a speaker, the drip would never be detected. 12 .
Rain sounds might literally hit the right frequencies
By masking background sounds, rain tracks might seem like they're just ordinary white noise ——but they
aren't. Named after colors, white noise is an umbrella term for a variety of sounds. Rain sounds are considered pink
noise, which is characterized by louder sounds at a low frequency and softer sounds at high frequencies. 13 .
But this may not be the case for everyone.
Rain sounds have a calming effect
Apart from helping people fall asleep, rain sounds can be straight-up relaxing. It may be explained by the
fact that they're a natural sound and natural sounds are psychologically beneficial. 14 . For example, people
exposed to nature sounds in a 2017 study had an increased nerve response, which means that the calming part of
their nervous system was activated by these tracks.
Rain sounds could be meat or poison
15 . Different sounds will bring out different responses depending on the individual. One person's
gentle rain is others' flood worry or need to go to the bathroom. Similarly, gentle rain with distant thunder is
calming for some and alarming for others. Will they work for you? There's only one way to find out!
A．Rain sounds hide other noises
B．Rain sounds are a universal tool
C．White noise makes people fall asleep quickly
D．So rain sounds can create a calming background “music”E．Rain sounds might help someone, but they're not for everyone
F．Pink noise in particular can improve sleep in healthy individuals
G．The benefits include increased learning capacity and reduced anxiety
Passage 4
（2024·江西·一模）Everyone knows that early to bed and early to rise is good for your health. Having
maintained adequate sleep, people can keep themselves refreshed and dynamic. 16 Here are some steps
to take to become a morning person on a freezing day.
Seek out as much natural light as possible. 17 When you wake up, go outside for a relaxed walk
around the block, or sit out back while you have a cup of coffee. To avoid being in a sleep state all along, you’d
better rethink the black-out curtains you might use to make a very dark sleeping environment.
18 If you fly straight into getting up at your desired time every day, you’ll feel tired during the
transition within a few weeks. For some people, those first few days of exhaustion from switching to a new
schedule aren’t safe and hard to bear. In that case, gradually ease into the early-bird life. They are supposed to shift
half an hour, wait a few days, shift another half an hour, wait a few days, and then shift another half an hour. 19
De-stress and relax in the evenings. A consistent bedtime isn’t as crucial as sticking to the same wake up
time every day, but it’s still important to make sure you’re getting enough sleep. 20 So you’ll probably
need to inch your bedtime forward as you transition to a new schedule. Start at least an hour before you hit the bed
and cut back on stuff related to daily life.
With all these tips, you’re not dreading it if you think of getting up early on a chilly winter.
A．Cultivate the habit gradually.
B．That’s a little easier for people to tolerate.
C．The sun is the driver of our internal clock.
D．Get rid of the previous sleep patterns instantly.
E．Therefore, developing a healthy sleeping habit is of great significance.
F．Without sufficient hours of sleep, the mind and body can’t properly recharge.
G．However, it usually takes a lot of willpower to get out of bed early on a winter’s day.
Passage 5
（2024·河北保定·二模）Writing a successful English speech can be a challenging task, but with the
following tips, you can create a powerful and engaging speech. 21
The first step in crafting a convincing speech is to know who will be listening. Consider the interests and
knowledge level of them. Tailor your language, examples and tone to resonate with them and make a
connection.Organize your speeches
22 . Start with a strong opening that grabs the audience’s attention, introduce your main points in the body
of the speech, and end with a memorable conclusion that strengthens your message. Use transitions to smoothly
guide your audience from one point to the next.Make your speeches persuasive
To make your speeches persuasive, use powerful and convincing language. Choose words that evoke (唤起)emotion, imagery or action. Use rhetorical devices (修辞手法) like repetition, parallelism and metaphors to
enhance your message and make it memorable. 23 .Practice and get feedback
The key to delivering a successful speech is practice. Rehearse your speeches multiple times to improve your
delivery, timing and confidence. 24 . Seek feedback from peers or teachers to get different perspectives
and identify areas for improvement.
With these tips, you can deliver a wonderful speech. 25 . Remember, the more you improve your
skills, the better you will become at delivering attractive speeches.
A．Understand your audience
B．Collect relevant information
C．Persuade your audience to listen carefully
D．It will leave a lasting impression on your audience
E．A well-structured speech has a clear beginning, middle and end
F．Consider recording yourself in front of a mirror to observe your gestures
G．Support your arguments with examples to add credibility to your speeches
Passage 6
（2024·湖南郴州·模拟预测）Find the learning style that suits you best
To succeed academically, you need to be productive. To be productive, you need to find a suitable learning
style. Whether it’s for everyday learning or revising for exams, the learning style that helps you achieve maximum
productivity will be crucial. 26
Note-taking
Note-taking can include copying out passages of books or summarizing concepts on notecards. 27
The problem with note-taking is that it’s all too easy simply to copy out what someone else says without really
taking it in.
28
Sometimes you might find that you learn things more easily if you have to explain a concept to someone
else. This is because in order to explain something clearly to someone else, you have to have a thorough grasp of it
yourself. For example, giving a presentation to fellow students will require you first to have an excellent
understanding of the topic and then to put together materials from which the others can learn.
Learning by doing
This method means that rather than reading things in books, try to experience things in real life. 29
Experiencing things practically gives your brain something concrete to remember, so you will absorb the
information more easily.
Tests and mock exams (模拟考试)
30 If you’re the sort of person who benefits from these sorts of challenges, you could try asking
your teacher, parents or study buddies to set a mock exam to test what you’ve learned on a particular topic.
A．Explaining to others
B．Diagrams and mind mapsC．If so, visual methods of learning might suit you best.
D．Here are some common learning styles and choose one that suits you best!
E．Some people like them because they provide strong motivation to succeed.
F．It’s a classic learning method, but may not be the best way for everyone to learn.
G．For example, you could conduct a scientific experiment or observe how a chemical reaction works.
Passage 7
（2024·湖北·模拟预测）Strategies to Overcome Self-Doubt Once and For All
Being self-confident is not easy and not everyone can do it, but it doesn’t need to be that difficult. 31
Going through life can be very challenging at times. When we were young, no one told us how hard it will
be in the future but here we are. 32 And it is unpleasing and can kill your confidence levels if not
controlled from the beginning.
We will all experience some self-doubt, which is natural. 33 It happens to us during normal days
or whenever we are going to start a new job, a new task, or a new relationship, anything new in life will make you
self-doubt. This sort of feeling puts you into dark days when nothing seems to go right and you might feel like
giving up, and that is the time to be strong.
34 Self-doubt is when you are unsure about one or more aspects of yourself. For example, when
starting a new job, you might feel inexperienced or might think that you are not fit enough for the job, and this is a
prime example of self-doubt.
35 Low-level of self-criticism is actually good for you. It motivates you and pushes you to be
better in life, to become greater than yesterday. This type of feeling will push you to work harder and faster than
before and will also increase your productivity, but it should be a low level of self-criticism. You don’t want to
punish yourself over things that are beyond your control.
A．We needn’t take it seriously.
B．It’s impossible for us to deal with it.
C．One of the big problems of adult life is having self-doubt.
D．Self-doubt isn’t all that bad, let us tell you why.
E．Let’s explore to find ways to remove self-doubt forever.
F．It will take long for us to solve this problem.
G．There are some people mistaking self-doubt for something else.
Passage 8
（2024·四川成都·模拟预测）Tips for Positive Thinking When Depressed
If you’re wondering how to become more positive when depressed, you may need some actionable tips to get
started. 36
Keep a positive journal. Positive thoughts can be few and far between when you have depression. 37
Even if it’s something as small as seeing a beautiful flower or receiving a supportive text from a friend, keep arecord of your better moments.
38 Next time you feel hopeless in the face of difficulties, imagine the most positive outcome. For
example, you might dislike having depression, but imagine that one day you could use your story to help others —
to start a support group or write a book.
Ask yourself if your negative beliefs are really true. Next time you observe a negative thought entering your
mind, ask yourself: “Is there basis for this thought?” For example, has anyone ever told you that you were a terrible
friend apart from yourself? 39 What about all the times you’ve been supportive or helpful to the people in
your life? Hold your negative thoughts up for inspection and you’ll soon see which are worth your attention.
40 During depression, however, it often feels easier to hide under your covers and let the negative
thoughts takeover than try to change your patterns. Try to challenge yourself during your stronger moments to try to
find something to feel positive about.
A．How might that feel?
B．Here are some ideas.
C．Adjust mood to get a positive result.
D．Building healthy habits can be hard at the best of times.
E．If so, is that person’s opinion the only one you truly value?
F．Take a challenging situation and imagine the most positive outcome.
G．So each time a happy or hopeful thought comes into your head, write it down.
Passage 9
（2024·福建宁德·三模）Up until the1980s, people in many countries regularly followed in their parents’
footsteps by working in the family business or joining the same profession as them. In your grandparents’ time,
there was the prospect of doing the same job from graduation until retirement. 1 Most people now have
no intention of following in their parents’ footsteps or even staying at one job for very long.
In fact, planning to work in the same field for your entire working life just isn’t practical anymore. One
reason for this is technology. The skills you have now are unlikely to remain relevant. 2 And then what
will you do? Work hard? Win the lottery? Hope for the best? You might be lucky. But most of us today have to look
beyond the little box called “career”.
If you think you can work eight hours a day and build a career, think again. It is hardly a recipe for great
career success. 3 Keep doing this, you can become a specialist in something one day. You have a chance
to choose to build a career, rather than being told to stay or to go.
4 You may have to go back to the classroom and be retrained to qualify to work in another field. It
is entirely your choice to learn, or to be forced to learn.
In short, lifetime security from one employer is no longer certain. 5 It is up to you to decide what
you can do and how well you can do it.
A．Are you ready for this?
B．How times have changed!
C．They will probably be out of date very soon.D．The truth is that you are the boss of your career.
E．These skills should have brought you a nice, comfortable life.
F．What if your job disappears after working for 10 years in the field?
G．Instead. you’d better keep looking for smarter ways to do your work.
Passage 10
（23-24高三下·江西赣州·期中）Do We Really Need Cash Anymore?
When the Covid-19 pandemic spread around the globe, many banks took action. People were encouraged to
avoid using cash and make electronic payments where possible. 6 In the UK, the number of contactless
payments increased by 36% between 2020 and 2021.
7 After all, it comes with many advantages. For a start, it’s safer, as cash is easily stolen. Credit and
debit cards are too, but it’s possible to trace payments and cancel the cards. Mobile payments are even more secure.
As well as that, all your transactions(交易) are logged, making record-keeping far simpler.
However, it seems as if we are just not ready to say goodbye to cash for good. Recent data shows that cash
has made a comeback since the cost of living started to rise steeply. That’s not unusual since people tend to prefer
having paper money at hand when times are hard. 8 But with electronic payments, it’s harder to keep track
of where your money is going.
Even if cash payments do not vanish entirely, our economies are changing to become far less reliant on cash
than they once were. And while switching to electronic payments is simple and convenient for many people, this
isn’t true for everyone. An increasing number of stores have stopped accepting cash payments altogether, meaning
that such people may become more marginalized (边缘化). Moreover, alongside the decline in cash usage, the
number of ATMs and local banks has dropped significantly. 9
Despite the popularity of electronic transactions, one thing is clear: 1 0 And as companies rush
towards finding ever more convenient transaction methods, it’s important not to abandon those who prefer to pay in
the traditional way.
A．The public responded positively.
B．Using notes and coins helps people budget.
C．It was the case during the Great Depression.
D．Cashless transactions make it easier for them to collect data.
E．They won’t become the only method, at least in the near future.
F．Today, the cashless economy is becoming more and more popular.
G．This makes access to cash increasingly hard for those who depend on it.
Passage 1
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a
perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who doesnot take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my
laptop's spellchecker. ____37____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but
I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise
Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
____38____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words
whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a
bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000
words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____39____ However, if I need to check the origin of a
word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better.
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the
English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one
definition of "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding
experience.
A. I don't often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don't want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
Passage 2
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help?
Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and
communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___16___
Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making
wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online
posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape,
culture or food deeply draws you. ___17___
●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though
overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of
extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___18___ Why not try a
regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?
● ___19___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll
compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economywhen tourism is traditionally slower.
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination
special in the first place. ___20___ You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling?
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then?
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
Passage 3
【2024全国甲卷】What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body
needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. ____16____ But it doesn't mean saying
goodbye to the foods you love.
Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just
something to eat in between meetings. ____17____ It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body
that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.
Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to
mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if
you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. ____18____
Control emotional (情绪的) eating. ____19____ Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant
emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can
regain control over the food you eat and your feelings.
____20____ A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals
keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until
breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive
system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.
.
A Eat properly throughout the day.
B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work.
D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.
F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.
G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
Passage 4
【2024北京卷】If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) ora fox? According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things.
Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. ___35___ And
they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that
lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at.
___36___ The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies.
___37___ Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make
predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but
that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions.
The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of
sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. ___38___ They try to include it in their
viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and
don’t know.
So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. ___39___ The choice between
being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare
mixture known as foxy hedgehog.
A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each.
B. They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes.
C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence.
D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing.
E. However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs.
F. When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional.
G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position.
Passage 4
【2024浙江1月卷】In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and
college experience. ___16___ But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is
right for you? ___17___
We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage
of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. ___18___ “I think a point that many people lose
sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to
study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep
you going.
The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you
would do with in person courses. ___19___ He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It
is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch
your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
___20___ A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this
problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivateeach other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or
schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts.
A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B. Your motivation should be your main concern.
C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education?
D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade?
G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
2023年
Passage 1
【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is
human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring?
Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your
personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve
done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing
without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange
thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t
wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The
thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to
develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
Passage 2
【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious
followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what
it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration
and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ___16___ You’ll want to look back on your
journey to see how far you’ve come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether
you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___17___
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___18___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful.
Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a
painting every day for a month and post the works online.
·___19___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social
media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my
level of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. ___20___ Push through, give it time and put in the effort.
You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
.
A Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
Passage 3
【2023年全国乙卷】Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they
are the unsung heroes of the home. ____16____, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing
by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to
look after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants?
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these
species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. ____17____.
Why are indoor plants good for you?
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “____18____. I find during the winter months,
plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants
can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around
them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or
cooking. ____19____.
Which plants can you grow?
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy
plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, andyou get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “____20____,” Spoelstra says.
“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
Passage 4
【2023年全国甲卷】Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There
is one answer. ___16___.
In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However,
research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.
___17___. “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
● Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research
suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit
of waiting is to practice. ___18___. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra
minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply
it to other, more annoying situations.
● ___19___.
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we
experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to
say to yourself, “___20___.” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
Passage 5
【2023年北京卷】It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families
as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a
decision. ____35____When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not
counted in rankings. ____36____
Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching
than courses in higher-ranked universities. ____37____ The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is
surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most
important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.
Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education.
Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.
____38____ Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the
result？ Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.
____39____ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with
more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank
schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.
What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-
quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.
A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.
C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.
Passage6
【2023年浙江1月卷】With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not
book your next domestic vacation on a train? Compared to other alternatives, it’s comfortable and relaxing. Here is
some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible.
Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.
36 But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all
the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you
discounted tickets. 37 Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a
day for your meals.
Bring a blanket. When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your
trip is an overnight one. 38 In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold.
Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can
be a disaster. 39 Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times.
Have fun. 40 Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outsidethe window. To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of
seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts). If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel
one mile, you’re going 67.92 mph.
A．Train trips aren’t for impatient types.
B．You’ll have views from both sides of the train.
C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
D．That’s particularly true during busy summer months.
E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner.
2022年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2022年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your
Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ”
while another read: “___16___” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle
(微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___17___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to
move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a
useful response. ___18___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training
she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It
also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___19___
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___20___ Over time, both of you will benefit —
your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your
relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
Passage2
【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the processcan be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
___16___ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write
nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ___17___ Don’t
worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a
good store of ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. ___18___ Yet, by
learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄
皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete
highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision.
___19___ As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing
revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can
enter your changes into your word processor. ___20___ The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C. The second draft of the essay should be better.
D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
Passage3
【2022年全国乙卷】Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to
sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one
another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___16___.
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted
and what method works best for you both. ___17___. There are alternatives to constant written communication,
such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy (共情)
___18___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the
friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel
abandoned.
· ___19___
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might
make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that
keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.·Don’t rely on technology alone
___20___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.
Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever
possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
Passage4
【2022年全国甲卷】Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___16___. Knowing
some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the
world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down
between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.
___17___ .
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you
to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___18___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch
any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
___19___ . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their
seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various
countries. ___20___ , the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
Passage5
【2022 年北京卷】Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to variouspressures, we tend to ignore our health. ____35____ It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these
diseases.
____36____ We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be
attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not
have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. ____37____ This does not
definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic
conditions we live in.
It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. ____38____ For instance, we must
exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age
groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.
Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It
helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. ____39____ This, in turn, gives us
new goals of health and fitness.
A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life.
B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.
C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.
D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.
E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.
F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.
G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.
Passage6
【2022年浙江卷6月】I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their
Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give
Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. ____11____
Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to
achieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. ____12____ And when writing doesn’t
seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.
Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children
write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. ____13____ You write
“Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect.
____14____ Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly
producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal
language most of the time.
There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done.
____15____ This type of writing won’t be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential
client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience.
A. It isn’t that these young people can’t write.
B. But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be.C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted.
E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.
F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have.
G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
Passage7
【2022年浙江卷1月】I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that
allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. 11
Pick the most important.
12 Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. 1 chose the life of an adviser because I like
to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle 1
want.
Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. 13
Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find
people in your company who share common interests and develop your career （职业）around the people and
activities you love.
14
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things
that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to
gain back an hour here or there.
Lighten up.
The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress
and keep refining （改进）toward a happy productive existence. 15 Every completion is a small victory that
adds up in a big way.
A. Speed up.
B. Be an active learner.
C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
Passage8
【2022年浙江卷6月】I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their
Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give
Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. ____11____
Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to
achieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. ____12____ And when writing doesn’tseem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.
Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children
write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. ____13____ You write
“Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect.
____14____ Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly
producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal
language most of the time.
There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done.
____15____ This type of writing won’t be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential
client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience.
A. It isn’t that these young people can’t write.
B. But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be.
C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted.
E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.
F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have.
G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
2021年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which
you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate
the benefits of being able to read more quickly. ____16____
·Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your back and
the book should be at the right distance from your eyes. ____17____
____18____ Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc.This will help you to decide
whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it. Ten minutes spent in this way could save
you quite a lot of time in the long run.
If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time. ____19____ A
history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific
subjects. In the former case you may be able to read a chapter. In the latter you may only be able to read one page.
Always keep a pencil and paper beside you. ____20____Note also the facts important for your purpose as
well as anything which leads you to further research. You don't have to write these things in detail. It is enough to
put the page number and one or two words as a reminder .
A. Stop to have a rest now and then.
B. Spend a few minutes looking through the book.
C. This depends on the type of book you are reading.
D. Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.E. Make a note of any page which is of special importance.
F. You may find yourself having to leam something by heart.
G. Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.
Passage2
【2021年全国甲卷】Swap, Don’t shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge
amount of natural resources（资源）to make, and buying loads of new clothing（or throwing out old clothing）is
not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them
clothes piled on your bedroom floor? ____16____. It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes
from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how
much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. ____17____ , and there may not be enough things to
choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
●____18____. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their "new" clothes home.
●Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.____19____. Place a few mirrors around
your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be
that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
●Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. ____20____. And don't
forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
.
F Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
Passage3
【2021年全国乙卷】According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make
yourself interesting at a dinner party.
___36___, if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time.
So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.
People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do
you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking
to. ___37___, it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who
were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.
___38___? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox （讲台）.
If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from thesituation.___39___.
And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a
dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment（赞扬）.
___40___. Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”
So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
Passage4
【2021年北京卷】Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people．
____35____ The mental health benefits from music can't be argued．Music could also be helping you with many
other health problems behind the scenes．
____36____However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting
（分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels．This，of course，
can lead to less pain．
Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed．____37____While the validity of the
idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly, according to
researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels，
through the lowering of stress and anxiety．
When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the
tempo that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European study，participants listened to music as the
researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure．____38____ On the other hand，when the music
slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow
suit．
____39____But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，
which is what makes music so valuable．
A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems．
B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud．
C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing．
D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep．
E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive．
F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety．
G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were．Passage5
【2021年浙江卷1月】You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need,
head to the front, and choose the line that looks fastest.
You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to
the parking lot. 11 ．
It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster.
Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum
delay. 12 ． Any small interruption - a price check, a chatty customer-can have downstream effects, holding up an
entire line.
If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the
probability: 13 ． So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.
Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long, snaking line-
called a serpentine line - and serve each person at the front with the next available register. 14 ． This is what they
do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish
the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.
15 ． It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or
manpower. So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck.
A．Why does this always seem to happen to you?
B．So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines?
C．Some of the may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.
D．The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
E.How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?
F.With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G.But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.
