文档内容
选择性必修第四册 Unit 4 Sharing
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Alex Elman runs a big business—something hard to imagine after she lost her sight in her
twenties.But Elman says that losing her sight helped her focus on finding success.
Elman’s father planted a hillside vineyard in Western Massachusetts in 1981.It’s where
Elman fled during the darkest period of her life.When she was 27 years old，she went blind due to
complications from juvenile diabetes(青少年糖尿病) 17 years ago.She recalled，“I hid in my
home.I hid in the place，to me，that was the safest place in the world.”
Elman is now the founder of Alex Elman Wines，a growing collection of organic wines from
all around the world：Chianti from Italy，Torrontes from Argentina.Elman doesn’t work
alone.Her assistant，a guide dog named Hanley，is something of a wine taster，and quite a
beggar.Hanley travels to all of the wineries that Elman does，from South America to Europe.
At first，Elman resisted the idea of a seeingeye dog.Now it’s hard to imagine her life，or
her business，without him.She said，“When someone tells me something is organic and I don’t
really believe it because I taste something funny on it，I’ll put it in front of his face and if he
likes the wine，he’ll actually go in and sniff it.If it’s not right，he’ll turn his head away...He
gets in the dirt with me.He scratches around.He makes sure that we see earthworms and
butterflies.That’s how we know that the soil is actually organic and there are no chemicals.”
Elman told CBS News she believes the loss of her vision was a gift.She said，“It allowed
me to pay attention to what I thought was important and also to be able to teach people that the
broken hang nail is not a big deal，you know what I mean? Don’t sweat the small stuff.Don’t
sweat the big stuff either.”
1．What can we know about Elman from paragraph 2?
A．She suffered from juvenile diabetes from 27 years old.
B．She liked playing hideandseek during her childhood.
C．She lost her sight while helping with farm work in 1981.
D．She got through her hard days in the vineyard.
2．What would Elman do when she couldn’t judge the wine exactly?
A．She would make Hanley go in and sniff it.
B．She would order Hanley to drink it.
C．She would turn to Hanley for advice.
D．She would have another taste herself.
3．What do the underlined words “the broken hang nail” in the last paragraph refer to?A．A nail which is of no use.
B．A task that it’s hard to accomplish.
C．A disadvantage you have in your life.
D．A person who is hard to deal with.
4．According to the passage，which of the following will Elman most probably agree with?
A．When life gives you lemons，make lemonade.
B．The eye is blind if the mind is absent.
C．A single tree does not make a forest.
D．There is no royal road to success.
B
(2023·河南南阳阶段考试二)
I go out of my way to say “thank you” to my partner frequently，and he’s the same
way.We were both raised by parents who valued politeness，and more than that，I want to do all
those little things that psychologists say help couples stay together.Expressing gratitude is one of
those things，so a quick “thanks” seems like an easy one.
But according to a recent study，we’re not at all typical.The study looked at over 1,000
recordings of casual conversations among families and close friends.In only about one out of 20
times were expressions of thanks observed.Phrases that meant “thanks” but weren’t a direct
translation of the word were counted，including physical gestures of thanks.
The researchers looked at a wide variety of people from different places，representing eight
languages: Polish ， Russian ， Italy ， English ， Murrinhpatha (an Aboriginal language) ，
Cha’palaa，Lao and Siwu.
The Brits thanked people close to them the most，about 14.5 percent of the time，and close
behind them were the Italians at 13.5 percent.The Murrinhpatha came next at 4.5 percent and
following them were the Russians，the Polish，the Laotians and the Siwu speakers.The lowest?
Well，the Cha’palaa speakers of Ecuador don’t have a word for “thank you” at all.
As the linguists explained，“Expressing thanks，in some cultures，is more of a linguistic
tradition than a true expression of feelings.In cultures where thanks are less often said，it’s
because social cooperation is taken for granted，and ‘thank you’ isn’t really needed or
necessary.”
The idea that you don’t need to thank others because it’s assumed that you’re
appreciative is beautiful.But it is a bit hard for me to accept.So I’ll keep saying “thanks” as
frequently as I do.But as a frequent traveler，I’ll keep in mind to watch the local custom and
follow suit.
5．What might be psychologists’ opinion about expressing thanks?
A．It can show a person’s values.
B．It is passed down from parents.C．It is a little and unnecessary thing.
D．It can contribute to close relationship.
6．What is typical among family members according to the study?
A．They say thanks at any time.
B．They seldom express thanks.
C．They often show thanks using gestures.
D．They often use indirect translation of thanks.
7．Who never say “thank you”？
A．The Cha’palaa speakers.
B．The Polish.
C．The Italians.
D．The Russians.
8．What is mainly talked about in the text?
A．People thank close friends and family less.
B．Family members don’t need to thank each other.
C．Close friends have different ways to express thanks.
D．Different cultures have different ways to express thanks.
C
What if our city streets could act like forests and reduce pollution? Thanks to scientific
innovation，roads treated with a new pavement technology can now eat smog and help keep cities
cool.Since there is little room for forests in urban areas，where air pollution actually occurs，
Pavement Technology Inc.(PTI)，together with researchers from Louisiana State University，
came up with an asphalt spray(沥青喷雾) called A．R.A.1 Ti.
The spray’s exact composition hasn’t been revealed，but it is known to be based on
titanium oxide(二氧化钛)，a component contained in many sunscreens on the market.When
ultraviolet rays(紫外线) from the sun activate this chemical substance，light and heat are absorbed
and moved apart.Through a chemical process ， titanium oxide also breaks down poisonous
substances in the air.“In good conditions，we can achieve a 60% reduction，” said Michael
Durante，PTI’s vice president of finance and strategic planning.But the spray is not only meant
to address overheating and to remove harmful gases produced by cars.It can also make aging
asphalt stronger，preventing breaks generated by severe heat.
These impressive characteristics have encouraged several cities in the US to try out the
product.The success stories keep adding up.At Orlando International Airport，taxiway pavements
that had been sprayed with the titanium dioxidebased composition have already managed to reduce
nitrogen oxide(一氧化氮) rates by half.And in Charleston，the pavement treatment is being used
in lowincome neighborhoods that have many asphaltcoated roads.
The company suggests that while heat shortens pavement life，their product’s componentscan extend it from five to ten years，which translates the pavements into sustainable roads.And
although green spaces are still necessary and cannot be fully replaced due to their multiple
environmental and health benefits，innovations like A．R.A.1 Ti are extremely promising.We may
expect to see the major benefits it can bring to public health，positively affecting the lives of
billions living in urban areas worldwide.
9．What is the function of the asphalt spray according to paragraph 1?
A．To effectively protect forests.
B．To relieve traffic jams in city streets.
C．To reduce urban heat and air pollution.
D．To detect the weather and road conditions.
10．What are examples in paragraph 3 mentioned for?
A．To impress the importance of the invention.
B．To prove the successful application of the spray.
C．To emphasize the necessity of the road treatment.
D．To show the increasing popularity of the product.
11．What is the author’s attitude towards the prospect of asphalt spray?
A．Positive. B．Ambiguous.
C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.
12．Which could be the best title for the text?
A．A Major Reform in Urban Construction
B．Green Spaces：The Access to Public Health
C．The Bright Prospect of the Pavement Technology
D．A New Asphalt Spray：The Welfare to Urban Areas
Ⅱ.七选五
More mainstream sources of news such as newspapers，radio and TV aren’t gone yet，but
the Internet is growing and entrenching itself as the preferred source.Here are some of the reasons
why the Internet is now the best source of news people have.
Online news is faster and more convenient while on the go.Soon after a major story occurs，it
takes a few hours for news channels to report it live on cable. 1
Social media makes news more relevant.Social media platforms are not just limited to sharing
pictures and posting updates about our daily routines. 2 For example，when there is breaking
news on the Internet，people can make comments and post their thoughts regarding the event.As a
result，they get into a dialogue where different opinions are presented and debated. 3 On the
other hand，if you get news from cable TV，you have very limited options to discuss.
You can get news directly from its source.Many newsmakers are already active on the
Internet.Since all these newsmakers have an online presence，people can get news directly from
the concerned source，public figures，and newsmakers. 4 Their social media presence isverified(证实的) and it is easier to trust information coming from them.
5 For generation，cable TV is limited to sports and movie channels.They don’t sit in
front of the TV to watch a news bulletin.There primary source of information is the Internet.This is
how they have grown up.It’s unlikely they’ll move away from digital any time soon.And since
this younger generation is the future，digital or Internet news is too.
A．The future is digital.
B．Traditional journalism still holds great value.
C．That is，news doesn’t have to be reported to you.
D．This makes everyday news quite relevant for a while.
E．The Internet is quick to judge and demand an apology.
F．However，people can get news faster through social media.
G．More importantly，it is a great way to understand the public’s perspective on certain issues.
