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第 2 讲 非谓语动词
非谓语动词概述
1．什么是非谓语动词？
非谓语动词是动词的特殊形式，在句子中可以充当谓语以外的成分。
2．非谓语动词在句子中的作用
一个句子中已存在一个谓语动词，又没有连词的情况下，再出现一个动词则用非谓语动词。
eg.She got off the bus，but she left her handbag on the seat.(有并列连词，所以用谓语动词)
She got off the bus，leaving her handbag on the seat.(没有连词，所以用非谓语动词)
3．非谓语动词的种类：动词的-ing形式、动词的过去分词和动词的不定式。
考点一 动词的-ing 形式
Reading① is one of Xiao Meng’s hobbies.Since she was a child，she has been dreaming of
becoming② a writer.Last month，she read a book describing③ love between a prince and a
sleeping④ beauty—a girl whose gift was solving⑤ difficult problems in her dreams.The girl often
found herself solving⑥ problems while sleeping⑦ soundly，making⑧ her partners shocked.The
book is very interesting⑤.Xiao Meng really enjoys reading② the novel and imagines solving②
difficult problems in her own dreams.
注释：
动词的-ing形式在句子中作什么成分
①作主语
②作宾语
③作后置定语
④作前置定语
⑤作表语
⑥作宾补
⑦⑧作状语一、动词-ing的形式
语态形式
主动 被动
时态形式
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
二、核心考点
1．动词-ing形式作主语(doing/being done作主语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动)
(1)动名词短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首。谓语动词常常用单数，但表示多于一个的概
念时，谓语动词则用复数。
Playing cellphone games is his favourite.
玩手机游戏是他的最爱。
Dancing and skating are my hobbies，and I also like to read short stories.
跳舞和溜冰是我的爱好，同时我也喜欢读短篇小说。
Being laughed at in public made me embarrassed.
当众被人嘲笑让我感到尴尬。
(2)有时用it作形式主语，常用于It is/was a waste (of...)/no use/no good/no pleasure doing sth.结
构中。
It is no use trying to persuade such a stubborn person.
想要说服这样一个固执的人是没有什么用处的。
It is no pleasure being blamed in the face of other students.
当着其他同学的面被责备是没有乐趣可言的。
2．动词-ing形式作宾语(doing/being done作宾语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动)
(1)动词-ing 形式可以作介词的宾语。
I help Mum out by doing the housework that I can do.我通过做力所能及的家务活帮助妈妈。
The boy cried loudly for not being allowed to enter the amusement park.
这个男孩因不被允许进入游乐场而大声哭泣。
注意：以下短语中to 都是介词
be used to doing习惯于 object to 反对
devote oneself to 致力于 stick to坚持
pay attention to注意 look forward to期盼
adapt to适应 adjust to 使适应于
owe...to归因于 be addicted to对……上瘾
reduce sb./sth.to使沦为(2)动词-ing形式可以作某些及物动词的宾语。只跟动名词(doing)作宾语的动词有：
mind(介意)，miss(错过)，mention(提到)，enjoy(喜欢)，escape(逃避)，practise(练习)，
postpone(推迟)，suggest(建议)，stand/bear/tolerate(忍受)，consider(考虑)，keep(保持)，
avoid(避免)，admit(承认)，advise(建议)，allow/permit(允许)，appreciate(感激)，risk(冒险)，
resist(抵制)，recommend(建议)，finish(完成)，forbid(禁止)，imagine(想象)，dislike(不喜欢)，
delay(延迟)，quit(放弃)，deny(否认)
The thief kept running to avoid/escape being caught by the police.
小偷不停地跑以避免/逃避被警察抓住。
Little Tom is considering quitting practising playing the violin，because his neighbor can’t
tolerate listening to the noise every day.The other day，she promised to give Tom ten dollars a
week if he gave up doing it.Tom imagined having lots of money and can’t resist taking her
advice.小汤姆正考虑放弃练习拉小提琴，因为他的邻居难以忍受每天听到这噪音。前几天，
她答应如果他放弃练琴的话，她每周给汤姆10美元。汤姆想象着有很多钱，忍不住接受了
她的建议。
3．动词-ing形式作表语
(1)doing作表语表示笼统的、抽象的概念。(此时doing 名词意义较强，doing/being done作
表语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动)
My hobby is reading books.
我的兴趣爱好是读书。
What made me happy was being admitted to Peking University.
让我高兴的是(我)被北京大学录取了。
(2)如果是和情绪相关的动词-ing形式则形容词意义较强，表示“令人……的”，往往物作主
语。如：amazing，boring，confusing，disappointing，exciting，frightening等等。
The news is surprising.这则消息令人吃惊。
点对点练习1
单句语法填空
1．He enjoys listening(listen) to violin music，playing(play) mah-jong，swimming(swim) and
reading(read)．
2．Mary’s being late(late) for class made her teacher angry.
3．It is no use arguing(argue) with him about such a matter.
4．动词-ing形式作定语(当被修饰的名词与现在分词之间为主动关系且动作正在进行时，用
doing；当被修饰的名词与现在分词之间为被动关系且表示动作正在进行时，用being done)
(1)单个的动词-ing 形式作定语，放在被修饰词之前。
falling leaves正在落下的树叶 a sleeping child睡着的孩子
注意：动名词也可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。
a swimming pool游泳池 a reading room阅览室
(2)动词-ing形式短语作定语，要放在被修饰词之后。the girl wearing a red dress穿红裙子的女孩
the bridge being built now现在在建的大桥
5．动词-ing形式作状语
(1)doing与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。
Walking in the street，I came across an old friend.走在大街上，我碰到一个老朋友。
(2)having done与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且先于谓语动作发生。
Having waited in line for two hours，the old man became impatient.
已经排了两小时的队，这位老人变得不耐烦了。
(3)having been done与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生。
Having been told many times，the boy still made the same mistake again and again.
已经被告知很多次，这个男孩还是一次又一次犯相同的错。
6．动词-ing形式作宾补
现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，结构为 vt.＋sb./
sth.＋doing...。可以用于此结构的动词(短语)有：“一感一抓一发现，二听四让和五
看 ” (feel ， catch ， find ， listen to/hear ， have/keep/get/leave ， see/watch/look
at/observe/notice)。
When I left school，I saw them playing basketball on the playground.
当我离开学校时，我看到他们在操场上打篮球。
I am sorry for keeping you waiting for me for such a long time.
很抱歉让你等我这么长时间。
The headmaster was angry to catch some students smoking again.
又一次抓住一些学生吸烟，校长很生气。
点对点练习2
单句语法填空
1．I looked up and noticed a snake winding(wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
2．The matter being discussed(discuss) now is so important that it will attract everyone’s
attention.
3 ． Facial recognition technology is working well at tourist attractions around China ，
reducing(reduce) the time people spend standing in lines at entries or security checks.
考点二 动词的过去分词
Praised① by my teacher，I felt pleased②.The reason why I was praised was that I picked up
a lost③ cellphone and returned it to the owner.The incident made my parents amazed④.
注释：动词的过去分词形式在句子中作什么成分
①作状语；②作表语；③作定语；④作宾补
1．过去分词作定语
单个的过去分词作定语，往往放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词之
后。及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示
被动，只表示完成。
the polluted water被污染的水
a broken glass 一只打碎的玻璃杯
the bridge completed last month上个月竣工的大桥
the flowers planted last year 去年种的花
2．过去分词作状语
其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，过去分词与主语之间存
在逻辑上的动宾关系。
Praised by the teacher，he looked very excited.
受到了老师的表扬，他看起来很激动。
Seen from the top of the mountain，our city looks beautiful.从山顶上望去，我们的城市很美。
3．过去分词作宾补
过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，构成 vt.＋sb./
sth.＋done结构。可以用于此结构的动词有：
(1)感官动词 see，watch，hear，feel，find，notice等。
(2)使役动词 have，make，keep，leave，get等。
(3)表示“想、希望、好恶”的单词，如want，wish，like等。
I hear the song sung every time I pass by the coffee shop.
每当我经过这家咖啡屋，我都能听到有人唱这首歌。
She had to raise her voice to make herself heard.她不得不提高嗓门使自己被听到。
The old man wanted his old watch repaired.
这位老人想要找人修他的旧手表。
4．过去分词作表语
如果是和情绪相关的动词的过去分词形式，则形容词意义较强，表示“感到……的”，主语
往往是指人的名词。如：amazed，bored，confused，disappointed，excited，frightened 等。
I felt really surprised when she told me the exciting news.当她告诉我这个令人兴奋的消息时
我感到非常惊讶。
点对点练习
单句语法填空
1．In the arranged(arrange) marriages of the old days of China，there were indeed quite a lot ofbrides who cried over their unsatisfactory marriage and even their miserable fate.
2．He was sleeping when he heard his name shouted(shout) from the outside.
3．Offered(offer) an important role in a new movie，Andy has got a chance to become famous.
考点三 动词的不定式
Xiao Ming wants to become① a basketball star and his dream is to play② basketball in the
NBA.But he has so much homework to do③.In order to have④ more time to play③ basketball，
Xiao Ming decides to study① hard to get④ a high score.He really hopes that his father will allow
him to play⑤ basketball every day.To make his dream come true⑥ is not easy.
注释：动词的不定式形式在句子中作什么成分
①作宾语
②作表语
③作定语
④作状语
⑤作宾补
⑥作主语
一、不定式的形式
语态形式
主动 被动
时态形式
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
二、核心考点
1．不定式作主语
(1)不定式作主语时，可以直接放在句首，谓语动词常常用单数。
To enter a good university for further study is my goal now.
进入一所好大学深造是我现在的目标。
(2)不定式作主语时，更多放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语，常用于“It is/was＋adj.(＋for/of
sb.)＋to do sth.”结构中。
It’s rude to turn your back on your teacher and refuse to answer.
对老师不予理睬，拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。
It’s necessary for us to help those in need.我们有必要帮助那些有困难的人。
2．不定式作宾语
(1)不定式可作 intend(打算)，plan(计划)，expect(期望)，pretend(假装)，would
like/love/prefer(喜欢)，wish(希望)，decide(决定)，agree(同意)，help(帮助)，manage(设法)，
persuade(说服)，refuse(拒绝)，promise(答应)，attempt(企图)，choose(选择)，ask(询问)，
learn(学习)，tell(告诉)，fail(失败)，afford(付得起)等动词的宾语。
The teacher decided to pretend to have known what the boys had done.He chose not to ask the
boys but expected to be told everything.
老师决定假装已经知道这些男孩子们做了什么。他选择不去问孩子们，但是期望被告知一切。
(2)在某些动词如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe等后，常用it作形式宾语，而
把真正的宾语(不定式)后置。
He feels/thinks it important to learn English well，but finds it difficult to remember the
words.
他认为学好英语很重要，但是发现记单词很难。
3．不定式作表语
不定式作表语，主语往往是dream，goal，aim，purpose，plan 等表示“意向、打算、计
划”的词。
My dream is to become a doctor after my graduation from university.
我的梦想是大学毕业后当一名医生。
The aim of the talent show is to enrich students’ extra-curricular activities.
这次才艺秀的目的是丰富学生们的课外活动。
4．不定式作定语
(1)当被修饰词是序数词或被序数词，the only，the next等修饰时，常常用不定式作定语。
John is always the first one to come up with a good idea.
约翰总是第一个想出好办法的人。
(2)用在固定句型sb.have sth.to do和 there be sth.to do中。
Students complain that they have endless homework to do every day.
学生们抱怨他们每天有做不完的作业。
(3)修饰某些名词，如chance，opportunity，way，ability，plan 等。
I feel greatly honored to have the chance to deliver a speech here.
有机会在这里发表演讲，我感到万分荣幸。
5．不定式作状语
(1)不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用 in order to do，so as to do，to do
等，但so as to do不能置于句首。
I got up early so as to/in order to/to catch the early bus in the morning.
我早晨早起是为了赶早班车。
(2)不定式作结果状语时，常用于too...to...，enough to，so/such...as to结构中。only/just to do常表示出乎意料的结果。
I asked Mum to put up the tent excitedly，only to be told the tent had been left behind.
我兴冲冲地让妈妈搭帐篷，却被告知帐篷忘带了。
Every time I prepare for an important examination，I will be too anxious to fall asleep.
每次我准备重要考试时，我都会因太焦虑而睡不着。
(3)在be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised to do sth.结构中作原因状语。
I am extremely glad to know that you are coming to China for a visit during the summer holiday.
我很高兴得知暑假你要来中国旅游。
6．不定式作宾补
(1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如ask，want，invite，get，force，expect，
allow，persuade，order，warn，remind，prefer，cause，permit，forbid，advise，teach等。
I am writing to invite you to come to my birthday party.我写信邀请您来参加我的生日聚会。
(2)下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：“一感”(feel)，“二听”(hear，
listen to)，“三使”(let，have，make)，“五看”(see，notice，observe，watch，look
at)，“半帮助”(help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。
I often hear the girl sing the song which is popular recently.＝The girl is often heard to sing
the song which is popular recently.
我经常听到这个女孩唱这首最近很流行的歌。
点对点练习
单句语法填空
1．The airport to be completed(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
2．To stay(stay) warm at night，I would fill the wood stove，and then set my alarm clock for
midnight so I could refill it.
3．Some people try to knock me down，only to make(make) me more determined to do better.
4．The workers seem to have compromised(compromise) with the boss，because they are
prepared to return to work.
难点释疑
1．非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。
(误)Found him angry，I began to tell jokes.
(正)Finding him angry，I began to tell jokes.
发现他生气了，我开始讲笑话。
(误)Looking around，there was no one nearby.
(正)Looking around，I found there was no one nearby.
环顾四周，我发现附近没有人。
2．若非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，则要在非谓语动词前加上其自身的逻辑
主语，即“逻辑主语(名词/代词)＋非谓语动词”，构成独立主格结构。
具体形式如下：(1)名词/代词＋现在分词。现在分词可有语态和时态的变化。
Winter coming，it gets colder and colder.
冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
(2)名词/代词＋过去分词。构成过去分词的动词与名词/代词为动宾关系，且过去分词表示动
作已完成。
The test finished，we began our holiday.
考试结束了，我们的假期开始了。
(3)名词/代词＋不定式。不定式表示将来的动作，有语态的变化。
The two boys said goodbye to each other，one to go home，the other to go to his friend’s.
两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回家，另一个去朋友家。
(4)有些分词/不定式短语作状语时，尽管它们的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，但也不作为
语法错误来处理。
①常见的这类分词短语有generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking，talking of，speaking of，
judging from，compared with/to...，given that...等。
Generally speaking，girls are more interested in literature than boys.
一般来说，女孩子比男孩子更喜欢文学。
②常见的这类不定式短语有 to be frank，to be sure，to tell (you) the truth，to be honest，to
make matters worse等。
To tell (you) the truth，it’s all Greek to me.
说实话，我对此一窍不通。
3．with复合结构
(1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行。
He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.他躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。
(2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成。
With his hair cut，he looked much younger.
理了发，他看起来年轻多了。
(3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式，不定式表示动作尚未发生。
With a lot of homework to do，I can’t go skating with you.
因为有很多作业要做，所以我不能和你一起去滑冰。
4．下列动词或词组既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：
5．非谓语动词作宾语补足语的辨析(1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语
主要有三种形式，以see为例：
see＋宾语＋
I saw him leave a few minutes ago.
我看见他几分钟前离开了。
As I got closer，I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.
当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，并且呼吸沉重。
I’d like to see the plan carried out.
我想看到这个计划被执行。
(2)使役动词make，let，have，get后接复合宾语的情况：
①
The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school.
老师让一些学生放学后留在教室里。
He tried to make himself understood.
他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚了。
②
Don’t let your child play with matches.
别让你的孩子玩火柴。
Let the work be done immediately.
工作要马上去做。
③
He had the fire burning all the night.
他让火燃烧了一夜。
He had his wallet stolen on his way home.
在回家的路上，他的钱包被偷了。
④
She got her bike running very fast.
她把自行车骑得飞快。
I’ll get my bike repaired tomorrow.
我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。
(3)动词leave，keep，find，catch后加非谓语动词作宾补的情况：
①leave
②keep
③find
④catch sb.doing sth.撞见某人正在做某事单句语法填空
1 ． It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become
educated(educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural
characteristics.(2021·全国乙)
2．Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on-board Chang’e-4 to find(find) and study
areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.(2020·全国Ⅰ)
3．When we got a call saying(say) she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke.(2019·全国Ⅱ)
1．分析句子结构，判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词
首先判定所给提示词是否充当句子的谓语，如果句子不缺少谓语，那就是非谓语动词。
2．找逻辑主语，再判断与动词之间的关系
(1)非谓语动词作定语时，其逻辑主语是被修饰词；作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主
语；作补语时，其逻辑主语是动词或介词的宾语。
(2)如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，则用现在分词；如果非谓语动词与其逻辑
主语之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词。
但是当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果
非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用现在分词形式的被动式。
3．判断所给动词与谓语动词发生的先后顺序
(1)to have done，having done表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
(2)to be doing，doing表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作(几乎)同时发生。
层级一 基础达标练
单句语法填空
1．Sometimes we find her driving(drive) the tractor on the farm.
2．Li Lei is asking his deskmate to help(help) him think of a foreign name.
3．—Hi，Li Hong！I didn’t see you at the party.
—Oh，I was busy getting(get) ready for the coming exams.
4．The old men enjoy listening(listen) to the singing of the birds in the park.
5．The girl standing(stand) under the tree is my cousin Kate.
6．Books written(write) in easy English are very popular among Chinese middle school students.
7．I found the door closed(close) when I got home.
8．When they met again，they were too excited to say(say) a word.
9．I’m hungry.Get me something to eat(eat)．10．—How long did it take you to do(do) your homework yesterday?
—About half an hour.
11．The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find(find) the wellknown painter.
12．And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding(surround)
the mountain tops，he was reduced to tears.
13 ． The local government doesn’t have to sacrifice environmental protection to
promote(promote) economic growth.
14．The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake，making(make) us awake all night.
15．The giant panda，also known(know) as the panda bear or simply the panda，is a bear native
to South Central China.
层级二 高考真题练
单句语法填空
1．Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) and accommodations aim to
have(have) a low impact on the natural environment.(2021·全国乙)
2．It is possible to walk(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.(2021·全国甲)
3．After spending(spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall，we
decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history！(2021·全国
甲)
4．In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries studied(study)
had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.(2021·浙江1月)
5．This may be due to some disadvantages for people living(live) in the countryside，including
lower levels of income and education，higher costs of healthy foods，and fewer sports facilities.
(2021·浙江1月)
6．Mary’s sister，Frances Todd Wallace，often came over to plant(plant) flowers in the front
yard.(2021·浙江6月)
7．China’s National Highway 318，extending(extend) over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to
Zhangmu，Tibet，is known as the “heavenly road” for its amazing views.(2021·天津3月)
8．Minimize the impact of visiting(visit) the place.(2021·全国乙)
9．They represent the earth coming(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
(2020·全国Ⅱ)
10．They are easy to care(care) for and make great presents.(2020·全国Ⅱ)
11．As well as looking at exhibits，visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and
imagine themselves living at a different time in history or walking(walk) through a rainforest.
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
12．Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology to change(change)lives.(2020·浙江7月)
13．Completed(complete) in 1931，the Empire State Building，the highest skyscraper until
1954，inspired the imagination of the world.(2020·天津7月)
14．Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-
1980s，and are expensive to perform(perform) consistently over a large area.(2019·全国Ⅰ)
15．Learning(learn) to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the
future.(2019·天津6月)
层级三 语篇提能练
语法填空
(改编自2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)
1． (go) to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The
Long and Winding Road”．What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world
scenes.The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we
humans 2. (be)．
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.It will
undoubtedly help you get 3. (refresh)! The 4. (amaze) thing about the spring is
that the colder the temperature 5. (get)，the hotter the spring! Strange，isn’t it? But
that’s how nature is—always leaving us 6. (astonish)．
What comes next is the endless series of steps.You can’t help 7. (wonder) how hard
it was for the people then 8. (put) all those rocks into place.Though it is the only unnatural
thing on your way up the mountain，still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where
you can sit down to rest your 9. (ache) legs.
As the song goes，this long and winding road “will never disappear”，and it will always
stick in the visitor’s memory.It sure does in mine.While you’re in China，Mount Huangshan is
a must 10. (visit)!
1．答案 Going
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，本空为主语，故应用动词的-ing形
式作主语。
2．答案 are
解析 考查主谓一致。根据句意“人类是多么渺小”且主语we humans是复数可知，谓语用
are。
3．答案 refreshed
解析 考查非谓语动词作表语。get refreshed构成系表结构。
4．答案 amazing
解析 考查非谓语动词作定语。修饰thing，意为“奇妙的事情”，故用-ing形式作定语。5．答案 gets
解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句意以及上下文时态可知，此处用一般现在时，且
主语the temperature为第三人称单数，故填gets。
6．答案 astonished
解析 考查非谓语动词作宾补。本空在“leave＋复合宾语”结构中作宾补，且根据语境可
知，这里指的是使我们“感到惊讶”，故填astonished。
7．答案 wondering
解析 考查非谓语动词作宾语。can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事。
8．答案 to put
解析 考查不定式作主语。此处为 it is/was＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.的变式，it为形式主语，
to do 为真正的主语。
9．答案 aching
解析 考查非谓语动词。本空在句中作定语，ache与中心词legs之间是逻辑上的主动关系，
故用现在分词aching。
10．答案 to visit
解析 考查非谓语动词作定语。此处must用作名词，指“必须要做的一件事”，需用动词
不定式作定语。
1．作主语或介宾用doing——简单错误不犯
典例 (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)制作爆米花不像他们预想的那么简单。
Making popcorn was not as easy as they had expected.
运用 (2021·天津3月)在蒙古草原和那里的人一起体验生活，会是一个很好的选择，可以开
阔我的视野。
Experiencing life on the Mongolia grassland with people there will be a good choice to broaden my
horizons.
2．作状语用分词生动简练
(1)doing作状语，表示句子主语和该动词为主谓(主动)关系。
典例 (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)由于缺乏自信，伯纳德犹豫了好一会儿才敲第一家的门。
Lacking confidence，Bernard hesitated for quite a while before knocking at the first door.
运用 (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)父亲轻轻地拍着他们的肩膀，用温柔的声音说：“亲爱的，爱才
是最重要的。让我们一起做吧。”
Patting them gently on the shoulders ， the father said in a warm voice ， “ Darling ， it is love that
counts.Let ’ s do this together . ”
(2)done作状语，表示句子主语和该动词为动宾(被动)关系。典例 (2020·浙江7月)被这只熊不停地用力推，篱笆很快散架了。
Pushed hard constantly by the bear，the fence soon fell apart.
运用 (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)一半惊讶，一半担心，父亲关心孩子们的责任感油然而生，所以
他决定帮助他们做早餐。
Half surprised ， and half concerned ， the father felt a sense of responsibility of caring about the
kids ， so he decided to help them make breakfast.
3．表目的，不定式适当提前
典例 (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)为了吸引更多的顾客，伯纳德卖力地吆喝起他的爆米花。
To attract more customers，Bernard began to peddle his popcorn at the top of his voice.
运用 (2021·上海)为了更高效地学习英语，你最好选择听说课程。
To learn English more efficiently ， you had better choose the Listening and Speaking course .
4．having done比after从句光鲜靓丽
典例 (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)失败了许多次之后，他们几乎要灰心了。但约翰叔叔来帮助他们
了。
Having failed many times，they almost lost heart.But Uncle John came to their assistance.
运用 (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)爆米花销售一空之后，他们决定收工回家。
Having sold out all the popcorn ， they decided to call it a day and go home .
