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练习 39 语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.语法填空
2022·河北邢台联考 说明文 234词 ★★★☆☆
China has uncovered a new highspeed bullet train 1.________ (design) for extremely cold
climates. The CR400AFG train can operate at speeds of up to 350 kilometers per hour (217 mph)
in temperatures as low as －40 ℃. It is part of the Fuxing series of highspeed electric trains
developed 2.________ operated by the stateowned China State Railway Group Company, Ltd. The
train, rolled out in Beijing on January 6, will run on a new highspeed line 3.________ (connect)
the capital with northeastern destinations including Shenyang and Harbin—the latter of which is
famous for 4.________ (it) annual snow and ice festival. The train also 5.________ (feature) a
streamlined lowresistance design to help decrease energy consumption, and a lightweight body.
In a report 6.________ the stateowned newspaper China Daily, Zhou Song, director of the
China Railway Beijing Group's bullet train center in Chaoyang district, offered an analogy (类比)
to explain the new train's braking system, “If the train stops in Harbin, one of China's 7.________
(cold) cities, for an hour, because of the extremely cold weather, the braking system can
8.________ (easy) freeze if it stops moving for a while. The new system will enable the brakes to
move from time to time even if the train stops, like a person who stamps his feet 9.________
(keep) warm in cold weather.”
Today, China is home to the world's largest highspeed rail network, 10.________ spreads
over 37，000 kilometers.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2021·全国乙卷 说明文 325词 ★★★★☆
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about
often. Annoyed by the level of distraction (干扰) in his open office, he said, “That's why I have
a membership at the coworking space across the street—so I can focus.” His comment struck me
as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I
recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of
creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise
levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels (分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels.
The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however ， the
participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background
chatter in a coffee shop—significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were
small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total
silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right
level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one's
creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of
thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus.This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we
can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations while we're trying to focus.
Indeed, the researchers found that facetoface interactions and conversations affect the creative
process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also
providing freedom from interruptions.
1．Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A．It helps him concentrate.
B．It blocks out background noise.
C．It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D．It encourages facetoface interactions.
2．Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
A．Total silence. B．50 decibels.
C．70 decibels. D．85 decibels.
3．What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A．Personal privacy unprotected.
B．Limited working space.
C．Restrictions on group discussion.
D．Constant interruptions.
4．What can we infer about the author from the text?
A．He's a news reporter.
B．He's an office manager.
C．He's a professional designer.
D．He's a published writer.
B
2022·湖北七校联考 议论文 325词 ★★★☆☆
Standing in my office 25 years ago was an unknown, newly rising astronomer with a half-
smile on her face. She had come with a demand that my team change our tested software to make
one of our most important and indemand scientific instruments do something it had never been
designed for, and risk breaking it down. All to carry out an experiment that was basically a waste
of time and couldn't be done—to prove that a massive black hole hid at the center of our Milky
Way.
My initial “no way” gradually gave way in the face of her cheerful but firm determination. It
was my first encounter with a force of nature, Andrea Ghez, one of three winners of the Nobel
Prize for Physics in 2020. That determination and the willingness to take calculated risks has
always characterized Andrea. For 25 years she has focused almost only on Sagittarius A—the
name of our own local super massive black hole. And Andrea is one of the great pioneers in this
search without question.
Andrea did her work at the W．M. Keck Observatory's twin telescopes on Maunakea,
Hawaii. She started using the very first instrument licensed on Keck Observatory's Near Infrared
Camera (NIRC). NIRC was never designed to do what Andrea needed but she was not to be
denied. And it worked! It was extremely hard and timeconsuming to make sense of the data, but
Andrea persisted.
As Andrea would be the very first to acknowledge, this victory represents the combinedefforts of so many. But actually one person had the idea for the research. One person had the
chutzpah (无所顾忌) to propose it and one person had the determination and focus to make it
happen, not discouraged by all who said it was a waste of time. That person is Andrea Ghez,
winner of the 2020 Nobel Prize for Physics.
5．What did the author think of Andrea Ghez's request at first?
A．It's demanding. B．It's interesting.
C．It's acceptable. D．It's meaningless.
6．What do we learn about Andrea Ghez's research from Paragraph 2?
A．It takes decades of efforts.
B．It deals with power of nature.
C．It's a purely individual project.
D．It's about measurement of a hole.
7．Which of the following best describes Andrea Ghez's work in Hawaii?
A．Dangerous. B．Pleasant.
C．Challenging. D．Fruitless.
8．What do we learn from Andrea Ghez's success?
A．It is rewarding to cooperate.
B．The old methods still work today.
C．It pays to put theory into practice.
D．Persistence leads to success.
答题策略
语法填空——名词
名词题的解题步骤
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and
例题 fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its
top________ (attract)．
根据空白处所填词在句中的成分或作定语的限定词判断是否该填
① 名词(多考查名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语，名词还可以作同
步骤 位语、宾语补足语和状语)
② 结合句意确定选择何种名词形式
③ 确定名词的数
attraction 所填词在句中作表语，并且有物主代词 its修饰，
答案
故应用其名词形式。结合句意，应填attraction
