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上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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上海交通大学附属中学 2023—2024 学年度第一学期
高二英语摸底考试
(本试卷满分 150分，120分钟完成。)
第Ⅰ卷(115’)
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (25’)
Section A (10’)
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the
end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and
the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it,
read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the
question you have heard.
1．A．He doesn’t like cooking. B．He makes very good desserts.
C．He isn’t careful when preparing food. D．He cooks for the Spanish club quite often.
2．A．She already told the man about her plans. B．She recently visited a different university.
C．She doesn’t plan to continue studying next year. D．She isn’t planning to transfer to another university.
3．A．Start cleaning sooner. B．Hire a cleaning service.
C．Have his party at a different place. D．Wait a while before giving another party.
4．A．She prefers to remain indoors. B．She has the same health problem the man has.
C．She doesn’t think the man is sincere. D．She doesn’t understand what the man said.
5．A．He used leftovers in the soup. B．He intentionally cooked a lot of soup.
C．He doesn’t like leftovers either. D．He has invited many people to the party.
6．A．The man doesn’t need a new bicycle. B．She doesn’t know how to fix a bicycle.
C．She can’t help the man make his decision. D．A bicycle isn’t a safe method of transportation.
7．A．Ed is happy with his job. B．The boss plans to give Ed a raise in salary.
C．The boss hasn’t treated Ed fairly D．Ed isn’t as good a worker as the boss thinks.
.
8．A．She left work after the man. B．It only rained in a small area.
C．She doesn’t mind driving in the downpour. D．She was unable to follow the man’s directions.
9．A．It isn’t necessary to attend the lecture. B．Eating in the lecture hall is prohibited.
C．There isn’t enough time to eat dessert. D．The lecture probably won’t start on time.
10．A．She wants to buy a car from Matthew.
B．She doesn’t think that Oakville is very far.
C．She thinks the man misunderstood what she said.
D．She didn’t know that Matthew planned to move to Oakville.
Section B (15’)
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you
will be asked some questions on the passages and the conversation. The passages and the
conversation will be read twice, but he questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a
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question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer
to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following talk.
11．A．Some monkeys have been well protected. B．Some monkeys are changing their colours.
C．Some monkeys are threatened with extinction. D．Some monkeys have become humans’ enemies.
12．A．It can make monkeys look darker. B．It can be found in most monkey species.
C．It contains a strong-smelling chemical. D．It is less harmful than melanin.
13．A．The sulphur they take in. B．The eco-friendly farming.
C．The decline in their enemies. D．The delivery of their babies.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14．A．It was first published in 1768. B．Modern science was one of its themes.
C．It was made up of 10 volume when completed. D．The Scottish created it to publicize Scottish culture.
15．A．6. B．7. C．8. D．9.
16．A．To explain how the Encyclopedia Britannica has been digitized.
B．To arouse listeners’ curiosity about the Encyclopedia Britannica.
C．To illustrate the role that the Encyclopedia Britannica has played.
D．To call for more help with the recovery of the Encyclopedia Britannica.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17．A．Writing a story. B．A jewelry store robbery.
C．Buying a birthday present. D．Doing research for a class assignment.
18．A．Her professor did not like her story. B．She had trouble finishing her assignment.
C．She did not like the topic she had chosen for her paper. D．She was taking too many courses.
19．A．Take some extra time. B．Do a writing exercise.
C．Do some work for another course. D．Write the story ending first.
20．A．To go shopping. B．To meet with her professor.
C．To do research for her story. D．To take a break from her work.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A (1’×10=10’)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and
D．Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. The globe features thousands of languages. But when did humans first lay out a structured system to
communicate, one that was distinct to a(n) ______ area?
A. especial B. particular C. peculiar D. special
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：地球上有成千上万种语言。但是，人类是什么时候第一次建立起一
个结构化的交流系统的，一个与特定领域不同的系统？A. especial特别的；B. particular特定的；C. peculiar
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怪异的；D. special不寻常的。根据上文“The globe features thousands of languages(地球上有成千上万种语
言)”以及“But when did humans first lay out a structured system to communicate, one that was distinct to (但
是，人类是什么时候第一次建立起一个结构化的交流系统的，一个与……不同的系统)”可知，本句说的是
地球上有成千上万种语言，人类建立起了一个结构化的交流系统，这个系统与任何一个特定区域的语言不
同，所以空白处应填表示“特定的”含义的形容词，故选B项。
2. Adults are often embarrassed about asking for aid. The moment you ask for directions, ______ you reveal that
you are vulnerable.
A. above all B. worst of all C. after all D. at all
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：成年人对于寻求帮助感到尴尬。你问路的时候，毕竟你暴露出你是脆弱
的。A. above all尤其；B. worst of all最糟糕的是；C. after all毕竟；D. at all根本。根据后文“you reveal
that you are vulnerable.”可知，问路的时候毕竟暴露了自己的脆弱的。故选C。
3. Until relatively recently, psychologists assumed that children did not start to care about their reputation and
peers’ ______ until around age nine.
A. perceptions B. prescriptions C. receptions D. descriptions
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：直到最近，心理学家还认为，孩子们直到9岁左右才开始关心自己的
名声和同龄人的看法。A. perceptions看法，认识；B. prescriptions处方，药方；C. receptions接待处，服务
台；D. descriptions描述。由“their reputation and peers”可知，句子表示“孩子们直到9岁左右才开始关
心自己的名声和同龄人的看法”，空格处意为“看法”，故选A。
4. When ecologist Kasun handled feathers from the Regent Whistler and the Rufous-naped Bellbird, two toxic
birds, his eyes itched like he was chopping onions. Whatever the ______, storing the toxin in feathers may help
protect the birds against parasites.
A. reason B. source C. origin D. resource
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当生态学家卡森处理Regent Whistler和Rufus naped Bellbird这两只毒
鸟类的羽毛时，他的眼睛发痒，就像在切洋葱一样。无论来源是什么，将毒素储存在羽毛中可能有助于保
护鸟类免受寄生虫的侵害。A. reason原因；B. source来源，根源；C. origin起源；D. resource资源。根据
第 3 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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上文“his eyes itched like he was chopping onions(他的眼睛发痒，就像在切洋葱一样)”可知此处说的是卡森
的眼睛发痒，但又不确定造成这种现象的根源是什么，空白处应填表示“来源；根源”含义的名词。故选
B项。
5. It’s midafternoon. You’re full from lunch. The day is warm. You’re starting to feel sleepy. Should you ______ to
the comfort of a nap?
A. give up B. give away C. give off D. give in
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：下午三点左右。你午饭吃饱了。天气很暖和。你开始觉得困了。你应
该屈服于小睡的舒适吗？A. give up放弃；B. give away赠送；C. give off散发；D. give in屈服。根据
You’re full from lunch. The day is warm. You’re starting to feel sleepy.及常识可知，这时候人会感到困，想要
睡午觉。此处意思是“你会不会屈服于小睡的舒适”，去睡午觉。故选D。
6. Study after study has shown that spending a night without sleep produces mood benefits for about half of the
people with depression. The effects of this ______, dubbed “wake therapy”, offer the bonus of being immediate,
unlike most antidepressants, which require a few weeks to work.
A. approach B. shift C. term D. application
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项又一项的研究表明，整夜不睡觉对大约一半的抑郁症患者的情绪
有好处。这种方法的效果被称为“清醒疗法”，它的好处是立竿见影，不像大多数抗抑郁药需要几周才能
起作用。A. approach方法；B. shift转移；C. term术语；D. application应用。根据“Study after study has
shown that spending a night without sleep produces mood benefits for about half of the people with depression.及
dubbed “wake therapy”可知，此处讲述的是一种治疗抑郁症的方法。故选A。
7. The structure of benzene (苯), Google and Frankenstein: What do these icons of science, technology and
literature all share? They are among the numerous discoveries and inventions that are said to have been ______
through the act of dreaming.
A. stimulated B. motivated C. inspired D. activated
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：苯的结构、谷歌和弗兰肯斯坦:这些科学、技术和文学的标志有什么
共同之处？它们是众多的发现和发明之一，据说这些发现和发明的灵感来自于做梦的行为。A. stimulated
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促进，激发；B.motivated成为……的动机；C. inspired赋予灵感，激发（想法）；D. activated激活。inpsire
侧重于某些事物或者画面给以启示，产生了某种灵感或者使人做某事更有动力。根据语境可知，苯结构的
发现者凯库勒在睡梦中得到启发完善了苯的结构，谷歌的弗兰肯斯坦这一文学作品的出现也受到来自梦境
的启发。故选C。
8. A study has shown that the current version of ChatGPT is comparable, or even superior, to students in nearly 30
percent of courses. The findings are far from the first to suggest that generative AI models can excel at assessments
that are typically ______ for humans.
A. resolved B. reserved C. preserved D. conserved
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一项研究表明，在近30%的课程中，ChatGPT的当前版本与学生不相
上下，甚至更胜一筹。这些发现远非第一个表明，生成式人工智能模型可以在通常为人类保留的评估方面
表现出色。A. resolved解决；B. reserved预定，保留；C. preserved维持，保护；D. conserved保存。根据
前文描述，这个研究显示ChatGPT在近30%的课程中可以与人类相媲美，甚至超过人类，所以这项发现并
不是第一个表明生成性AI模型可以在人类通常占优势的评估中表现出色的研究，即通常人类在这些评估
中保留优先权，所以应该是“reserved”，即保留给某人的，故选B。
9. The sun is white — kind of. It depends on your ______ of color, the way colors work, the way our eyes see and,
just as importantly, the air we see through.
A. illumination B. interpretation C. reflection D. illustration
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：太阳是白色的——某种程度上是这样。这取决于你对颜色的理解，颜
色的作用方式，我们眼睛看到的方式，同样重要的是，我们通过它看到的空气。A. illumination照明；B.
interpretation理解；C. reflection反映；沉思；D. illustration说明；插图。根据“the way colors work, the
way our eyes see and,”可知，太阳是白色的，取决于你对颜色的理解。故选B。
10. Dark energy permeates the empty part of the universe — the vacuum. Whatever “it” is, it ______ a repulsive
force that pushes everything apart and pulls against gravity.
A. stretches B. exerts C. substitutes D. facilitates
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：暗能量渗透到宇宙的真空部分。无论“它”是什么，它都会施加一种
第 5 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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排斥力，将所有东西推开，并与重力相抗衡。A. stretches伸出，伸长；B. exerts施加；C. substitutes
用……代替；D. facilitates使更容易，使便利。由“a repulsive force that pushes everything apart and pulls
against gravity”可知，句子表示“暗能量会施加一种排斥力，将所有东西推开，并与重力相抗衡”，空格
处意为“施加”，故选B。
Section B (1’×20=20’)
(A)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note
that there is one word more than you need.
A. referring B. refresh C. pin D. occurred E. acknowledging
F. identify G. drain H. discouraged I. specific J. negative
K. specifically
Make a Wish List
Most of us know of New Year’s Resolutions, where one sets intentions for the year ahead. But too often,
people make their resolutions ____11____ — “I will no longer eat biscuits left at my desk”— and then feel
unhappy. In the cold month of January, the last thing you need is to ____12____ your energy further by setting up a
series of battles with yourself. And if you break a resolution, you feel ____13____, which is a rubbish way to start
the year. What you need instead are things to look forward to.
So instead, try a wish list. This involves writing down 100 things you would like to do in the year ahead. The
items can be enormous or tiny, ranging from “Climb Everest” to “buy a new pencil sharper”. The main thing is that
at some point it has ____14____ to you as something that you would like to do.
The key here is — write it down.
Do you feel any resistance to the ideas? If so, ask yourself why. What is wrong with ____15____ what you
would like to do? Try not to say to yourself: “I can’t I don’t have the money/time/energy/skills.” Just write it down.
It helps to be ____16____, so rather than “Get outdoors”, ____17____ a place you would like to visit. And
take your time when creating it — a wish list is not built in a day. Think about it, polish it and ____18____ it.
Finally, you have your list. And what a work of beauty it is. Here are all the things that you would like to do.
Remember to ____19____ them up where you can see them; let yourself consider how they can be accomplished.
You’ll be amazed that so many of your dreams can be realized though the simple trick of writing them down and
_____20_____ to them.
【答案】11. J 12. G
13. H 14. D
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15. E 16. I
17. F 18. B
19. C 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何列一个愿望清单。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但很多时候，人们的决心都是消极的——“我不再吃办公桌上的饼干”——然后就会
感到不开心。根据下文““I will no longer eat biscuits left at my desk”— and then feel unhappy.”可知，此处指
很多时候，人们的决心都是消极的，让人不开心的，应用形容词negative“消极的”，作宾语补足语。故选
J。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：在寒冷的一月，你最不需要做的就是与自己进行一系列的斗争，从而进一步消耗你的能
量。根据空后“your energy further by setting up a series of battles with yourself”可知，此处指消耗你的能
量，应用动词drain“使（精力、金钱等）耗尽”，空前to是不定式符号，应用动词原形。故选G。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如果你打破了一个决心，你会感到气馁，这是一个糟糕的开始。根据空前“And if you
break a resolution”和空后“which is a rubbish way to start the year.”及常识可知，这种情况会让你感到气
馁，应用形容词discouraged“气馁的”，作表语。故选H。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：最重要的是，在某个时刻，你想到了你想做的事情。根据空后“something that you
would like to do”可知，此处指你想到的事情，固定搭配sth. coccur to sb.“某人想到某事”，应用过去分
词，与has构成现在完成时。故选D。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：承认你想做什么有什么错呢？根据下文“Try not to say to yourself: “I can’t I don’t have the
money/time/energy/skills.” Just write it down.”及空前“What is wrong with”可知，此处指承认你想做什么
没什么错，应用动词acknowledge“承认”，位于介词之后，应用动名词。故选E。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：具体一点会有帮助，所以与其“到户外去”，不如确定一个你想去的地方。根据下文
“so rather than “Get outdoors”, ____7____ a place you would like to visit”可知，此处指愿望清单上的事情应
该是具体的，应用形容词specific“具体的”，作表语。故选I。
【17题详解】
第 7 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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考查动词。句意：具体一点会有帮助，所以与其“到户外去”，不如确定一个你想去的地方。根据上文“It
helps to be ____6____, so rather than “Get outdoors”,”可知，愿望清单应该具体的，而不是笼统的，比如确
定一个你想去的地方，此处应用动词identify“确认”。故选F。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：仔细思考，润色并更新它。根据上文“And take your time when creating it — a wish list is
not built in a day.”可知，愿望清单不是一天就能完成的，应该仔细思考，润色并更新它。此处应用动词
refresh“更新”，祈使句，应用动词原形。故选B。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：记得把它们钉在看得见的地方；让你自己考虑一下如何完成它们。根据下文“where you
can see them”可知，此处指把愿望清单钉在看得见的地方，应用动词pin“钉”，空前to是不定式符号，
应用动词原形。故选C。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：你会惊讶地发现，你的许多梦想都可以实现，尽管只是简单地把它们写下来，看看它
们。根据上文“Remember to ____9____ them up where you can see them”可知，把愿望清单钉在看得见的
地方，应该是经常看看它们，应用动词refer“查阅”，与writing是并列关系，应用动名词，作宾语。故选
A。
(B)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note
that there is one word more than you need.
A．efficiency B．employ C．effective D．chemicals E．accelerating
F．existing G．projected H．trapped I．power J．simultaneously
K．artificially
This past July was the hottest recorded month in human history. Heat waves smashed temperature records
worldwide and even brought summer temperatures to Chile and Argentina during the Southern Hemisphere’s
winter. It’s more than just a matter of sweaty discomfort. In the U.S. alone, it kills more people each year than
floods, tornadoes and hurricanes combined. As climate change worsens, access to ____21____ cooled spaces is
rapidly becoming a health necessity.
Yet standard air-conditioning systems have ____22____ us in a vicious cycle: the hotter it is, the more people
use the AC—and the more energy is used as a result. Nicole Miranda, an engineer researching sustainable cooling
at the University of Oxford says: “it’s not only a vicious cycle, but it’s a(n) ____23____ one.” According to 2018
data from the International Energy Agency (IEA), the worldwide annual energy demand from cooling is
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____24____ to more than triple by 2050.
It’s becoming increasingly clear that humans cannot outrun climate change with the same air-conditioning
technology we’ve been using. One well-known problem with current AC systems is their reliance on refrigerant
____25____, many of which are potential greenhouse gases. About 80 percent of a standard AC unit’s climate-
warming emissions currently come from the energy used to ____26____ it, says Nihar Shah, director of the Global
Cooling Efficiency Program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Standard air-conditioning systems ____27____ cool and dehumidify through a relatively inefficient
mechanism: in order to condense water out of the air, they overcool that air past the point of comfort. Many new
designs therefore separate the dehumidification and cooling processes, which avoids the need to overcool.
Even with some of the best technologies available, the gains in ____28____ alone might not be enough to
offset the widely expected increase in air-conditioning use. It will not work to simply replace every ____29____ air
conditioner with a better model and call it a day. Instead, a truly cooler future will have to ____30____ other
strategies that rely on urban planning and building design to minimize the need for cooling in the first place.
【答案】21. K
22. H
23. E
24. G
25. D
26. I
27. J
28. A
29. F
30. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。刚刚过去的七月达到了人类历史记录的温度新高，全球气候变化也愈演愈烈，
人们对空调的依赖甚至逐渐成为生存需求。文章对目前空调使用的恶性循环做出分析，想要更加凉爽的未
第 9 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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来仍需良策。
【21题详解】
考查副词。句意：随着气候变化加剧，达成人工的凉爽空间的途径正迅速成为一种健康需求。空处修饰形
容词cooled，考虑副词，在首段交代的气候变化愈演愈烈的背景下，下文主要围绕空调的使用展开，此处
应搭配artificially一词，表达“人为制冷空间”，即对应空调环境。应填artificially，故选K。
【22题详解】
考查时态。句意：然而空调系统已经把我们困在一个恶性循环中：天气越热，越多的人就会使用空调，结
果就要用掉更多的能源。空处与助动词have构成现在完成时，需要动词的过去分词。由空后出现的
vicious cycle及关于其的具体解释可知，此处指空调的使用让人们陷入了恶性循环难以破局。应填
trapped，故选H。
【23题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这不仅是个恶性循环，而且是个正在加速的循环。根据下一句中“the worldwide
annual energy demand from cooling is 4 to more than triple by 2050”可知，全世界每年用于制冷的能源需
求预计会在2050年前达到现在的三倍，此处要表达的就是空调使用的恶性循环同时也在加剧的过程中。
应填accelerating，故选E。
【24题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：根据国际能源署（IEA）2018年的数据，全世界每年用于制冷的能源需求预计会
在2050年前达到现在的三倍。这里是对未来情况的预估，应用短语be projected to表示“预计，计划
于”。应填projected，故选G。
【25题详解】
考查名词。句意：现在的空调系统一个众所周知的问题是对制冷剂的依赖，制冷剂有许多都是潜在的温室
气体。该句中使用了非限制性定语从句，由关系代词部分many of which推知先行词为refrigerant+空处，
再结合定语从句的内容即对先行词的解释“potential greenhouse gases”可知，这里要表达“制冷所用的化
学制品”。应填chemicals，故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词。句意：空调单位的温室气体排放有大约80%来自于用以驱动空调的能量。由句意推知，空后的
it代指前面的a standard AC unit，该句叙述空调系统排放的温室气体的来源，整个used to 6 it作energy
的后置定语，显然指为空调供给动力的能量。应填power，故选I。
【27题详解】
考查副词。句意：空调系统通过一种相对低效的机制同时实现冷却和除湿。空后是并列的两个谓语动词
cool和dehumidify，该句在解释空调的工作机制，此处应指同时实现了冷却和除湿。应填simultaneously，
第 10 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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故选J。
【28题详解】
考查名词。句意：即使现在有了一些先进的科技加持，仅在效率单方面的进展也许也不足以跟上空调使用
的预期增长。空前句子“Even with some of the best technologies available”给出了前置条件，即使用上了最
先进的技术，该句则表达转折的句意，即技术革新使空调在效率上获得收益，但单凭这一点这不足以弥补
空调使用的预期增长。应填efficiency，故选A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词。句意：仅仅给每一台现有的空调换上更好的模型就到此为止是不会奏效的。结合前句中的描
述，空调技术在发展，效率在提高，但空调的使用增加得更快，这里提出的做法“will not work”，即指给
“现有的”所有空调更新换代。应填existing，故选F。
【30题详解】
考查动词。句意：相反，一个真正凉爽的未来将不得不采用其他策略，那些依靠城市规划和建筑设计将制
冷需求最小化放在第一位的策略。分析句子可知，空处在情态动词have to后，需要一个动词原形，其宾
语为other strategies，应用employ表达“应用，运用（策略）”。应填employ，故选B。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (60’)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,
B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
(A)
Experiencing occasional anxiety is a normal part of life. However, anxiety disorders, defined by extreme fear,
restlessness, and muscle tension, can increase the risk for ___31___ and self-murder.
They are some of the most common mental health conditions around the world, ___32___ around four out of
every 100 people and costing the health care system and job employers over US $42 billion each year.
People with anxiety are more likely to miss days from work and are less ___33___. Young people with
anxiety are also less likely to enter school and complete it, leading to fewer life ___34___. Even though this
evidence points to anxiety disorders as being important mental health issues, insufficient ___35___ is being given
to them by researchers, clinicians, and policy makers.
My team and I at the University of Cambridge wanted to find out who is most affected by anxiety disorders.
To do this, we conducted a systematic ___36___ of studies that reported on the proportion of people with anxiety in
a variety of contexts around the world, and used accurate methods to keep the highest quality studies.
Our results showed women are almost twice as likely to ___37___ anxiety as men, and people living in
Europe and North America are disproportionately affected.
第 11 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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So why are women more ___38___? It could be because of differences in brain chemistry and hormone (荷尔
蒙) variations. Reproductive events across a woman’s life are ___39___ with hormonal changes, which have been
linked to anxiety. The rise in oestrogen (雌激素) that occurs during pregnancy can ___40___ the risk for
uncontrollable disorder.
This is ___41___ by disturbing and repetitive thoughts, impulses and addictions that are upsetting and less
effective. But in addition to biological mechanisms, women and men seem to experience and react to events in their
life ___42___. Women tend to be more likely to stress, which can increase their anxiety. Also, when faced with
stressful situations, women and men tend to use different coping ___43___. Women faced with life stressors are
more likely to think about them seriously, which can increase their anxiety, ___44___ men engage more in active
problem-focused coping.
Other studies suggest that women are more likely to ___45___ physical and mental mistreatment than men,
and this behavior has been linked to the development of anxiety disorders.
31. A. symptom B. depression C. misery D. frightening
32. A. infecting B. stimulating C. capturing D. affecting
33. A. productive B. progressive C. positive D. passive
34. A. adventures B. insurances C. chances D. programs
35. A. conclusion B. attention C. solution D. contribution
36. A. ignorance B. outlook C. discovery D. review
37. A. suffer from B. deal with C. fight against D. result from
38. A. superior B. inferior C. vulnerable D. enormous
39. A. interacted B. associated C. disconnected D. inherited
40. A. challenge B. decline C. eliminate D. increase
41. A. characterized B. confused C. performed D. offended
42. A. equally B. similarly C. differently D. terribly
43. A. shortcuts B. strategies C. standards D. samples
44. A. because B. unless C. if D. while
45. A. experience B. accept C. ignore D. persist
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B 36. D 37. A 38. C 39. B 40. D
41. A 42. C 43. B 44. D 45. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章讲述了焦虑症对个人和社会的影响，以及研究者们对焦虑症的关注
第 12 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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度不足。研究表明，女性比男性更容易患上焦虑症，而生育事件中的荷尔蒙变化可能是其中一个原因。文
章还提到了人们的应对方式、性别暴力等因素可能与焦虑症发生有关。
【31题详解】
考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，以极度恐惧、不安和肌肉紧张为特征的焦虑症会增加抑郁和自
杀的风险。A. symptom症状；B. depression抑郁；C. misery痛苦；D. frightening 令人恐惧的。根据前文
“anxiety disorders, defined by extreme fear, restlessness, and muscle tension”以及“self-murder”可知，设空
处与“自杀”构成并列，故极度恐惧、不安和肌肉紧张为特征的焦虑症会增加抑郁和自杀的风险。故选
B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们是世界上一些最常见的精神健康状况，每100人中就有4人受到影响，每
年给卫生保健系统和雇主造成的损失超过420亿美元。A. infecting感染；B. stimulating刺激； C. capturing
捕捉；D. affecting影响。根据前文“the most common mental health conditions”可知，作为最为常见的精神
疾病即焦虑症影响着全球大量的人口，并造成经济损失。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：焦虑的人更有可能错过工作，效率也更低。A. productive富有成效的；B.
progressive渐进的；C. positive积极的；D. passive被动的。根据“miss days from work”可知，有焦虑症的
人错过工作，导致工作效率低下。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：患有焦虑症的年轻人也不太可能进入学校并完成学业，从而导致更少的生活机
会。A. adventures冒险；B. insurances保险；C. chances机会；D. programs 程序。根据前文“Young people
with anxiety are also less likely to enter school and complete it”可知，患有焦虑症的年轻人也不太可能进入学
校并完成学业，从而导致更少的生活机会。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管这些证据表明焦虑症是重要的心理健康问题，但研究人员、临床医生和政
策制定者对焦虑症的关注还不够。A. conclusion结论；B. attention关注；C. solution解决方案；D.
contribution贡献。根据后文“by researchers, clinicians, and policy makers.”可知，尽管焦虑症是重要的心理
问题，可是研究人员、临床医生和政策制定者对焦虑症的关注还不够。故选B。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了做到这一点，我们对报告世界各地不同背景下焦虑人群比例的研究进行了
系统回顾，并使用准确的方法来保持最高质量的研究。A. ignorance无知；B. outlook观点；C. discovery发
现；D. review回顾。根据后文“that reported on the proportion of people with anxiety in a variety of contexts
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around the world,”可知，该研究团队对世界各地不同背景下焦虑人群比例的研究进行了系统回顾。故选
D。
【37题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们的研究结果显示，女性患焦虑症的可能性几乎是男性的两倍，而生活在欧
洲和北美的人受到的影响尤为严重。A. suffer from遭受；B. deal with处理；C. fight against与.……作斗
争；D. result from由……引起的。根据后文的“anxiety”可知，此处指女性患有焦虑症的可能性是男性的
两倍。故选A。
【38题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那么为什么女性更容易受到伤害呢？A. superior优越的；B. inferior劣质的；
C. vulnerable易受攻击的，易受伤害的；D. enormous巨大的。根据前文“Our results showed women are
almost twice as likely to ___7___ anxiety as men,”可知，女性患焦虑症的可能性几乎是男性的两倍，故研
究者提出问题即相比于男性为什么女性更容易受到伤害。故选C。
【39题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：女性一生中的生育事件与荷尔蒙变化有关，而荷尔蒙变化与焦虑有关。A.
interacted互动；B. associated关联；C. disconnected断开的；D. inherited继承的。根据后文的“which have
been linked to anxiety.”以及后文中“The rise in oestrogen (雌激素) that occurs during pregnancy can
___10___ the risk for uncontrollable disorder.”可知，怀孕期间雌激素的升高会增加患无法控制的疾病的风
险即疾病的风险是由于生育事件导致女性雌激素的变化，从而导致不可控疾病风险增加，故女性生育事件
与荷尔蒙的变化有关系。故选B。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：怀孕期间雌激素的升高会增加患无法控制的疾病的风险。A. challenge挑战；B.
decline下降；C. eliminate消除；D. increase增加。根据后文“This is ___11___ by disturbing and repetitive
thoughts, impulses and addictions that are upsetting and less effective.”可知，怀孕期间雌激素的升高会增加无
法控制的疾病的风险，因为这些疾病被描述为令人不安和重复的想法、冲动和成瘾，这些都是令人沮丧和
低效的，所以是增加了风险。故选D。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它的特点是令人不安和重复的想法、冲动和成瘾，这些都是令人沮丧和低效
的。A. characterized描述，特点为；B. confused困惑；C. performed执行；D. offended 冒犯。根据后文
“by disturbing and repetitive thoughts, impulses and addictions that are upsetting and less effective”可知，由于
怀孕期间雌激素的升高会增加患无法控制的疾病的风险，这个疾病被描述为令人不安和重复的想法、冲动
和成瘾。故选A。
第 14 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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【42题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但除了生理机制外，女性和男性对生活中事件的体验和反应似乎也不同。A.
equally同样地；B. similarly类似地；C. differently不同地；D. terribly可怕地。根据后文“Women tend to
be more likely to stress, which can increase their anxiety.”可知，女性和男性对生活中事件的体验和反应似乎
也不同即女性往往更容易感到压力，这会增加她们的焦虑。故选C。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，当面对压力时，女性和男性倾向于使用不同的应对策略。A. shortcuts捷
径；B. strategies策略；C. standards标准；D. samples样本。根据前文“when faced with stressful situations”
可知，当面对压力时，女性和男性倾向于使用不同的应对策略。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：面对生活压力的女性更有可能认真思考，这可能会增加她们的焦虑，而男性则
更积极地以问题为中心应对。A. because因为；B. unless除非；C. if如果；D. while然而。前后两句构成转
折关系，即男性和女性在面临压力时体现出明显的差异，故用while。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他研究表明，相比男性，女性更容易经历身体和心理虐待，这种行为与焦虑
症的发展有关。A. experience经历；B. accept接受；C. ignore忽视；D. persist坚持。根据后文“physical
and mental mistreatment than men”可知，相比男性，女性更容易经历身体和心理虐待。故选A。
(B)
In 1968 a grave dating from about 1100 was uncovered near Hattula, in Finland, Little remained of the
occupant’s skeleton, but the inhumation included two swords and a knife. Such grave goods would normally
suggest said occupant was a man. The skeleton was, ___46___ also decorated with brooches (胸针) and woollen
clothing of types more usually worn at the time by women. This ___47___ guess that the burial was actually of a
powerful woman, possibly a local ruler in her own right rather than just the wife of a male king.
This would be noteworthy enough. But a re-examination of the remains, just published in the European
Journal of Archaeology by Ulla Moilanen of the University of Turku and Elina Salmela of the University of
Helsinki, suggests the truth may be yet more ___48___. Ms. Moilanen and Dr Salmela suspect that the individual
___49___ may have had outward characteristics of both a man and a woman.
In 1968 working out the ___50___ of a skeleton in an ancient grave was tricky. After years of deterioration,
the bones of men and women look pretty much ___51___. But that was before the use of DNA became possible. So
Ms. Moilanen and Dr Salmela thought it worth trying again.
Most people have two sex chromosomes (染色体): XX in women and XY in men. Find DNA from a Y-
第 15 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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chromosome in a skeleton and the chances are the body was ___52___. And, looking at a fragment of femur
brought to her by Ms. Moilanen, who is the archaeologist in the ___53___, Dr. Salmela, who is the geneticist, did
indeed find such DNA. But not much of it. That led her to wonder about contamination (污染), but also to consider
whether the individual in the grave had had a(n) ___54___ X-chromosome that was swamping the signal from the
Y.
Having an abnormal number of sex chromosomes is rare, but not vanishingly so. The particular ___55___
XXY leads to what is known as Klinefelter’s syndrome. To determine the occupant’s karyotype (染色体组型)
from the tiny amount of DNA available, Dr. Salmela drew ___56___ with living people. The grave delivered 8,329
pieces, so she used a computer to draw samples of similar size from the genomes of living people with various
karyotypes, including XXY, and also from mixtures of both sexes, to ___57___ contamination. She then compared
these with the DNA from the grave and ___58___ it was 99.75% probable the individual concerned had indeed had
Klinefelter’s syndrome.
While Dr Salmela was working all this out, Ms. Moilanen and her team had another look at the grave. They
confirmed that it was a ___59___ burial. For instance, they found evidence of fine furs, probably from foxes.
Clearly, this was a well-respected human being, but what led to that ___60___ in a world then dominated by male
values is a matter of puzzle. Perhaps the person came from a family powerful enough for such things not to matter.
46. A. therefore B. what’s more C. nevertheless D. for instance
47. A. intensified B. confirmed C. dismissed D. encouraged
48. A. complicated B. engaging C. unpleasant D. frightening
49. A. in question B. at large C. by comparison D. with doubt
50. A. composition B. age C. sex D. origin
51. A. distinct B. unidentified C. alike D. broken
52. A. female B. old C. young D. male
53. A. cooperation B. authority C. institute D. adventure
54. A. restored B. extra C. missing D. dominant
55. A. requirement B. interest C. combination D. emphasis
56. A. inspirations B. lessons C. inferences D. comparisons
57. A. eliminate B. monitor C. imitate D. generate
58. A. rejected B. concluded C. recalled D. confessed
59. A. high-status B. secret C. religious D. peaceful
60. A. conclusion B. evidence C. respect D. solution
第 16 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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【答案】46. C 47. A 48. B 49. A 50. C 51. C 52. D 53. A 54. B 55. C 56.
D 57. C 58. B 59. A 60. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。1968年，在芬兰的哈图拉附近发现了一座大约1100年的坟墓，居住者的骨骼
几乎没有留下，但在尸体中发现了两把剑和一把刀。这样的墓葬通常表明死者是男性。然而，他的骨架上
也装饰着胸针和当时女性更常穿的羊毛衣服。这导致了考古学家对墓葬遗骸的性别的猜测。
【46题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，骨架上还装饰着胸针和当时女性更常穿的羊毛衣服。A. therefore因
此；B. what’s more而且；C. nevertheless但是；D. for instance例如。根据上句“but the inhumation included two
swords and a knife. Such grave goods would normally suggest said occupant was a man. (但尸体上有两把剑和一
把刀。这样的墓葬通常表明死者是男性)”可知，上下句之间是转折关系，故选C。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让人们更加猜测，埋葬的实际上是一位有权势的女性，可能是当地的一位统
治者，而不仅仅是一位男性国王的妻子。A. intensified增强；B. confirmed证实；C. dismissed开除，解散；
D. encouraged 鼓励。根据上句“The skeleton was, ___1___ also decorated with brooches (胸针) and woollen
clothing of types more usually worn at the time by women. (尽管如此，骨架上还装饰着胸针和当时女性更常穿
的羊毛衣服。)” 可知，骨架上装饰着的胸针和当时女性更常穿的羊毛衣服更加的让人们猜测，埋葬的实际
上是一位有权势的女性。故选A。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，图尔库大学的Ulla Moilanen和赫尔辛基大学的Elina Salmela刚刚在《欧
洲考古学杂志》上发表的对这些遗骸的重新检查表明，真相可能更吸引人。A. complicated复杂的；B. engaging
迷人的，吸引人的；C. unpleasant不愉快的；D. frightening吓人的。根据后句“Ms. Moilanen and Dr Salmela
suspect that the individual ___4___ may have had outward characteristics of both a man and a woman.( Moilanen
女士和Salmela博士怀疑这个人可能同时具有男性和女性的外在特征)”可知，遗骸可能同时具有男性和女
性的外在特征的真相是非常的吸引人的。故选B。
【49题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：Moilanen女士和Salmela博士怀疑这个人可能同时具有男性和女性的外在特
征。A. in question存在疑问或不确定性的事物；B. at large未被限制的；自由的；C. by comparison相比之下，
比较起来；D. with doubt怀疑地。根据本句中的“suspect(怀疑)” 可知，人们对遗骸存在疑问。故选A。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：1968年，在一座古墓中确定一具骨骼的性别是件棘手的事情。A. composition成
第 17 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
分构成，成分；B. age年龄；C. sex性别；D. origin起源。根据后句“After years of deterioration, the bones of
men and women look pretty much ___6___. (经过多年的退化，男性和女性的骨骼看起来非常相似。)”可知，
确定一具骨骼的性别是件棘手的事情。故选C。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的退化，男性和女性的骨骼看起来非常相似。A. distinct不同的，有
区别的；B. unidentified未经确认的；C. alike相似的；D. broke损坏的，破碎的；根据上句“In 1968 working
out the ___5___ of a skeleton in an ancient grave was tricky. (1968年，在一座古墓中确定一具骨骼的性别是件
棘手的事情)”可知，因为男性和女性的骨骼看起来非常相似，所以在一座古墓中确定一具骨骼的性别是件
棘手的事情。故选C。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在骨骼中发现y染色体的DNA，很有可能是男性。A. female女性的，妇女的；
B. old年老的；C. young年轻的；D. male男性的。根据上句“Most people have two sex chromosomes (染色体):
XX in women and XY in men. (大多数人有两条性染色体：女性为XX，男性为XY。)” 可知，在骨骼中发
现Y染色体的DNA很可能是男性。故选D。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她看着莫伊拉宁带给她的一块股骨碎片，莫伊拉宁是这次合作的考古学家。A.
cooperation合作；B. authority专家；C. institute研究所，学院，协会；D. adventure冒险（经历），奇遇。根
据后文“She then compared these with the DNA from the grave and ___13___ it was 99.75% probable the
individual concerned had indeed had Klinefelter’s syndrome. (然后，她将这些DNA与坟墓里的DNA进行了比
较，得出结论：这个人确实患有克兰费尔特综合症的可能性为99.75%。)”可知，考古学家是相互的合作的。
故选A。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让她怀疑污染，但也让她考虑坟墓里的人是否有一条额外的X染色体，它
淹没了来自Y的信号。A. restored精力恢复的；B. extra额外的；C. missing丢失的；D. dominant占支配地
位的，占优势的。根据后文“The particular ___10___ XXY leads to what is known as Klinefelter’s syndrome. (这
种特殊的组合导致了所谓的克氏综合症。)” 可知，Salmela考虑坟墓里的人是否有一条额外的X染色体。
故选B。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种特殊的组合导致了所谓的克氏综合症。A. requirement要求，必要条件；B.
interest 兴趣，关注；C. combination 结合；D. emphasis 强调。根据上文“That led her to wonder about
contamination (污染), but also to consider whether the individual in the grave had had a(n) ___9___ X-chromosome
第 18 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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that was swamping the signal from the Y. (这让她怀疑污染，但也让她考虑坟墓里的人是否有一条额外的x染
色体，它淹没了来自Y的信号。)”可知，XXY是一种特殊的组合。故选C。
【56题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了从可用的微量DNA中确定居住者的组型，Salmela博士与活着的人进行了
比较。A. inspirations启示；B. lessons课程；C. inferences推理；D. comparisons比较。根据本句“with living
people (活着的人)”可知，Salmela博士将DNA与活着的人进行了比较。故选D。
【57题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：坟墓里有8329块碎片，所以她用电脑从不同组型的活人基因组中提取了类似大
小的样本，包括XXY，也有来自两性混合物的样本，以模拟污染。A. eliminate剔除，根除；B. monitor监
控；C. imitate模仿； D. generate产生，引起。根据“so she used a computer to draw samples of similar size from
the genomes of living people with various karyotypes, including XXY, and also from mixtures of both sexes (因此，
她用电脑从不同组型(包括XXY)的活人基因组中提取了类似大小的样本，也从两性的混合体中提取了样本)”
可知，Salmela博士这样做的目的是模拟污染。故选C。
【58题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，她将这些DNA与坟墓里的DNA进行了比较，得出结论：这个人确实患
有克兰费尔特综合症的可能性为 99.75%。A. rejected 拒绝，驳回；B. concluded 得出的结论；C. recalled 拒
绝，驳回；D. confessed坦白，认罪。根据“She then compared these with the DNA from the grave (然后，她将
这些DNA与坟墓中的DNA进行了比较)”可知，她将这些DNA与坟墓中的DNA进行了比较进而得出结
论。故选B。
【59题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在Salmela博士研究这一切的同时，Moilanen女士和她的团队对坟墓进行了另
一次观察。他们确认这是一场地位很高的葬礼。A. high-status高级职位的；B. secret秘密的；C. religious宗
教的；D. peaceful和平的。根据“For instance, they found evidence of fine furs, probably from foxes. (例如，他
们发现了可能来自狐狸的精美皮毛的证据。)” 可知，根据陪葬品来看，这是一场地位很高的葬礼。故选
A。
【60题详解】
考查词名词词义辨析。句意：但是，在一个当时由男性价值观主导的世界里，是什么导致了这种尊重，这
是一个谜。 A. conclusion 结论；B. evidence 证据；C. respect 尊重；D. solution 解决办法。根据上句
“Clearly, this was a well-respected human being(很明显，这是一位受人尊敬的人)”可知，这场葬礼是非常的
受人尊重的。故选C。
Section B
第 19 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose
the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Earlier this year I took a trip to England and France to go see some friends. It was a wonderful trip; I really
loved it. But one thing that struck me was how different these cultures are from our own. I guess this would strike
any traveler because that is the first thing you notice and it is what makes travel so exciting. Of course, these
cultures are also similar to ours in many respects, but it’s the differences that really stand out.
One of the things that struck me in particular was the different attitudes towards smoking. As you know,
there’s a growing anti-smoking sentiment in Europe. However, when I went to England and France, I got a new
perspective on this issue. People seem to smoke anywhere and everywhere, even though anti-smoking signs are all
over public places. On the radio, I heard about a member of the World Cup soccer team who smoked. And people
were actually saying, “Well, he should not be on the team because he’s a bad example for our children.” I think, if
they want to look at bad examples for their children, they should just go out on the street, or go into the subways, or
look in the mirror, even, because so many of them are smoking in very inappropriate places. I visited a restaurant
buffet in London and saw an English woman scooping up the food with a lit cigarette in her hand. Smoke rising
into the air. Actually, when I talked to English people later, they were pretty shocked too, and they said that
smoking in a restaurant is rude even by British standards.
This did not give me a bad impression of English people. It gave me, on the contrary, a positive feeling toward
American smokers. There are a lot of American smokers who will proclaim their right to smoke whenever they
want, but they will follow the rules, generally, because they have consideration for nonsmokers. So this experience
in Europe gave me more of a respect for this kind of smoker.
61. What surprised the writer during his trip to England and France?
A. The wonderful trip to England and France.
B. Cultural differences that he noticed during his trip.
C. Similarity between cultures stands out more than differences.
D. Growing anti-smoking views in Europe.
62. What did the speaker find in England and France about the smoking issue?
A. People discuss the smoking issue on the radio.
B. Smokers are allowed to smoke anywhere and anytime.
C. People are encouraged to smoke in inappropriate places.
D. Many smokers pay no attention to the “No Smoking” signs.
第 20 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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63. The word “sentiment” in the second paragraph means ______.
A. feeling B. movement C. offense D. regulation
64. What kind of smokers does the speaker respect?
A. Those who are from America and Europe. B. Those who respect others’ feelings.
C. Those who defend the right to smoke. D. Those who set rules of smoking in public places.
【答案】61. B 62. D 63. A 64. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者到欧洲旅游时见到的欧洲烟民，特别是英国和法国烟民对吸
烟的态度，他们无视禁烟标识，不顾他人感受，这让作者对美国烟民有了积极的评价。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“But one thing that struck me was how different these cultures are from our own.(但
有一件事让我震惊，那就是这些文化与我们自己的文化是多么不同。)”可知，作者在英国和法国旅行时，
他在旅途中注意到的文化差异使他感到惊讶。故选B项。
【62题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“People seem to smoke anywhere and everywhere, even though anti-smoking signs are
all over public places.(人们似乎在任何地方和任何地方吸烟，尽管公共场所到处都是禁烟标志。)”可知，关
于吸烟问题，说话者发现在英国和法国许多吸烟者不在意“禁止吸烟”的标志。故选D项。
【63题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词前“anti-smoking(反吸烟)”和下文“However, when I went to England and France, I got
a new perspective on this issue. People seem to smoke anywhere and everywhere, even though anti-smoking signs
are all over public places.(然而，当我去了英国和法国后，我对这个问题有了新的看法。人们似乎在任何地方
和任何地方吸烟，尽管公共场所到处都是禁烟标志。)”可知推知，“anti-smoking”是欧洲民众对吸烟的一
种态度或情感，与下文的现实状况“People seem to smoke anywhere and everywhere”形成对比，构成转折。
所以sentiment与feeling同义，意为“看法，情绪”。故选A项。
【64题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“There are a lot of American smokers who will proclaim their right to smoke
whenever they want, but they will follow the rules, generally, because they have consideration for nonsmokers. So
this experience in Europe gave me more of a respect for this kind of smoker.(有很多美国吸烟者会宣称他们有随
时吸烟的权利，但他们通常会遵守规则，因为他们考虑到不吸烟者。所以在欧洲的经历让我对这种吸烟者
产生了更多的尊重。)”可知，作者尊重那些尊重他人感受的的吸烟者。故选B项。
(B)
第 21 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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One of the most well-known figures of American history, Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the
United States and the author of the Declaration of Independence. His life was an inspiring one and at the same time
a little bit contradictory to his statements and way of living life, and thus he has formed the subject of a lot of
authors’ books.
This is a Biography of the life of Jefferson published in 6 volumes over a
Jefferson and his time
very long period of 34 years staring from 1948 till 1982.
Read it For:
It is an entire collection introducing all aspects of Jefferson’s life in great
details from his childhood till his last days. For history enthusiasts, this is a
w onderful book that will give you insight into the life of one of the most
memorable American leaders.
Don’t Read it For:
This series is a biography and strictly a work of non-fiction. It is reading
about the life of a person and might get boring for some.
An interesting yet strange book, this piece of writing is not an attempt to
shed light on the life of Jefferson but rather an attempt to understand his mind.
Jefferson was one who spoke something but did the complete opposite of it.
Read it For:
This book tries to analyze Jefferson’s life but does not do it in a way that
American Sphinx
criticizes him or idolizes him. This National Award winning book perfectly
balances the act of examining someone’s acts and general behavior and trying to
figure out the reason behind his contradictory statements and acts.
D on’t Read it For:
If you are searching for a book about Jefferson’s life, this is not for you. It
covers a few events of his life, not his entire life.
This Political Biography by Meacham takes you on a journey into the world
that Jefferson lived in and saw it through his eyes. It shows how Jefferson formed
the world around him and handled situations and people to shape the American
political system as it is today.
第 22 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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The Art of Power
Read it For:
The depth with which this book is written is commendable. It is noted that
the work done by Meacham in this book puts you inside Jefferson’s head and
makes you understand what it would be like to be Jefferson.
Don’t Read it For:
While this book shows the genius of Jefferson, it can come off as bias,
showing Jefferson in a very positive light and his opponents in a very negative
light.
65. If one wants to know Thomas Jefferson’s experience in his whole life, ______ is most highly recommended.
A. “Jefferson and His Time” B. “American Sphinx” C. “The Art of Power” D. none of the above
66. Having read “American Sphinx”, you may ______.
A. learn how Thomas got through his childhood in details
B. understand why Thomas’ words and deeds were not always matched
C. know how ordinary people criticize or idolize him
D. learn how Jefferson formed the world around him and addressed situations
67. One problem about “The Art of Power” is that readers ______.
A. may feel bored while they are reading it
B. cannot get a complete description of Thomas’ life
C. learn Thomas’ political life mainly from historians’ perspective
D. cannot get an objective point of view about Thomas’ gift
【答案】65. A 66. D 67. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。托马斯·杰斐逊是美国历史上最著名的人物之一，他是美国第三任总统，也
是《独立宣言》的作者。他的一生鼓舞人心，但同时又与他的言论和生活方式有些矛盾，因此他成为了许
多作家著书的主题。文章介绍了三本与托马斯·杰斐逊有关的著作。
【65题详解】
细节理解题。根据Jefferson and his time部分中的“It is an entire collection introducing all aspects of
Jefferson’s life in great details from his childhood till his last days. For history enthusiasts, this is a wonderful book
that will give you insight into the life of one of the most memorable American leaders.(这是一个完整的集子，详
第 23 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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细介绍了杰斐逊从童年到最后的日子的生活的各个方面。对于历史爱好者来说，这是一本精彩的书，它将
让你深入了解这位最令人难忘的美国领导人之一的生活)”可知，如果一个人想知道托马斯·杰斐逊的一生
经历，Jefferson and His Time是最强烈推荐的。故选A。
【66题详解】
细节理解题。根据American Sphinx部分中的“It shows how Jefferson formed the world around him and
handled situations and people to shape the American political system as it is today.(这本书展示了杰斐逊如何塑
造他周围的世界，如何处理各种情况和人物，从而塑造了今天的美国政治制度)”可知，读过American
Sphinx，你可能会了解杰斐逊是如何塑造他周围的世界和处理各种情况的。故选D。
【67题详解】
推理判断题。根据The Art of Power部分中的“While this book shows the genius of Jefferson, it can come off
as bias, showing Jefferson in a very positive light and his opponents in a very negative light.(虽然这本书展示了杰
斐逊的天赋，但它可能会给人一种偏见，以一种非常积极的方式展示杰斐逊，而以一种非常消极的方式展
示他的对手)”可推知，The Art of Power的一个问题是，读者无法对托马斯的天赋有一个客观的看法。故
选D。
(C)
What will the development of quantum computers (量子计算机) mean for our civilizations? Oh sure, better
cryptography (密码方式), “more powerful” processing, but bottom line, we just don’t know...yet.
This phenomenon isn’t unique to quantum computing, of course. It’s something we see time and again with all
new world-changing technology. In some ways, it’s how we can define a technology as world-changing: everyone
agrees it’s going to be hugely important, but nobody can predict exactly what impact it will have.
The internet remains the classic example. Although invented in the 1960s, even by the late 1990s, the internet
was still being dismissed as something that is fashionable but unlikely to last. Most commentators thought it
nothing more than a curiosity.
There’s a famous 1999 interview between David Bowie and BBC journalist Jeremy Paxman. In it, Bowie
predicts that the internet will change the nature of music, and remove the “barriers between creator and audience”.
The longer he spoke, the more Paxman said in anger that Bowie could possibly believe this about the internet.
To be fair to Paxman, in 1999, internet at home meant accessing it over a modem. Concepts like WeChat and
Netflix and more simply could not work over such limited bandwidth. But there were still some people who
assumed that bandwidth would increase and that streaming music and video would be possible soon enough. They
were laughed at.
Oddly enough, as the dot-com boom intensified, many turned from doubters to hopeless optimists, and lost
第 24 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
serious money building websites to deliver content that simply couldn’t “fit” down the inter-tubes of the day.
Then in the second decade of the 21st century: critical mass. Bandwidth increased massively. Forget showing
a nice little video in your browser, today Netflix can serve you a TV show in 4K, as long as you have 25Mbps
connection.
Quantum computing isn’t a consumer technology, of course. It’s a much bigger deal than that. Quantum
computing is more like the invention of the transistor (电子晶体). Sure, most people have heard of it, but few
understand it. Actually, we don’t even really understand it. But we’re reasonably comfortable that when a lab has
that many scanning electron microscopes, it must be doing something important, right?
Quantum computing is still at the stage of “hit it with a hammer until it works”. Sure the hammer is
microscopic, and also a laser or magnetic field of some kind, but the point is we’re going through the process of
turning the idea into reality.
Sooner than you think, though, qubit-based computers are going to get applied to stuff. What stuff? Like
always, it will be super secret stuff first. Then it will reach the rest of us.
This is how the world begins. Not with a bang, but with a lot of extremely hard work behind the scenes.
68. What attitude did most people take towards the internet in the 1990s?
A. Optimistic. B. Unconcerned. C. Doubtful. D. Defensive.
69. The example of the internet is intended to illustrate that ______.
A. it is hard to define what is world-changing technology
B. the internet was universally acknowledged as important
C. the influence of new technology is usually unpredictable
D. the internet inspired many debates in the following years
70. By “hit it with a hammer until it works”, the writer means that quantum computing ______.
A. has been questioned B. has been fully understood
C. hasn’t been heard of before D. hasn’t been applied to practice
71. What can be concluded about new technology from the passage?
A. Its development is a gradual process. B. Most is the brainchild of a scientist.
C. Not all is accessible to the public. D. Its future is often a top secret.
【答案】68. C 69. C 70. D 71. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了量子计算机的发展对文明的影响还是未知的，作者以互联网的
发展为例，说明了新科技发展的一些特性。
第 25 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
【68题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Although invented in the 1960s, even by the late 1990s, the internet was still being
dismissed as something that is fashionable but unlikely to last. Most commentators thought it nothing more than a
curiosity. (尽管互联网发明于20世纪60年代，甚至到了90年代末，它仍被视为一种时尚，但不太可能持
久的东西。大多数评论人士认为这不过是一件稀奇古怪的事)”可推知，20世纪90年代，大多数人对互联
网是怀疑态度。故选C。
【69题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“In some ways, it’s how we can define a technology as world-changing: everyone
agrees it’s going to be hugely important, but nobody can predict exactly what impact it will have. (在某种程度
上，这就是我们如何定义一项改变世界的技术：每个人都认为它将非常重要，但没有人能准确预测它将产
生什么样的影响)”以及第三段“The internet remains the classic example. Although invented in the 1960s, even
by the late 1990s, the internet was still being dismissed as something that is fashionable but unlikely to last. Most
commentators thought it nothing more than a curiosity. (互联网仍然是一个经典的例子。尽管互联网发明于20
世纪60年代，甚至到了90年代末，它仍被视为一种时尚，但不太可能持久的东西。大多数评论人士认为
这不过是一件稀奇古怪的事)”可推知，互联网的例子是为了说明新技术的影响通常是不可预测的。故选
C。
【70题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Quantum computing is still at the stage of “hit it with a hammer until it works”.
Sure the hammer is microscopic, and also a laser or magnetic field of some kind, but the point is we’re going
through the process of turning the idea into reality. (量子计算仍然处于“用锤子砸它直到它起作用”的阶段。
当然，锤子是微观的，还有激光或某种磁场，但关键是我们正在经历将想法变为现实的过程)”可推知，作
者所说的“用锤子敲它直到它起作用”是指量子计算没有应用到实践中。故选D。
【71题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The internet remains the classic example. Although invented in the 1960s, even by
the late 1990s, the internet was still being dismissed as something that is fashionable but unlikely to last. Most
commentators thought it nothing more than a curiosity. (互联网仍然是一个经典的例子。尽管互联网发明于20
世纪60年代，甚至到了90年代末，它仍被视为一种时尚，但不太可能持久的东西。大多数评论人士认为
这不过是一件稀奇古怪的事)”以及第七段“Then in the second decade of the 21st century: critical mass.
Bandwidth increased massively. Forget showing a nice little video in your browser, today Netflix can serve you a
TV show in 4K, as long as you have 25Mbps connection. (然后在21世纪的第二个十年：临界质量。带宽大幅
增加。忘记在浏览器中显示一个漂亮的小视频吧，今天Netflix可以为你提供4K电视节目，只要你有
第 26 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
25Mbps的连接)”可推知，文章以互联网的发展为例，说明了新技术发展是一个渐进的过程。故选A。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the
box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you
need.
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given behind. Each sentence can
be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Living off grid
When you need electricity, you just plug in the machine and switch it on. If you need water, you turn on the
tap. ____72____ For many people, these facilities are the basics of civilized society and the idea of living without
them seems risky. Yet for a growing number of people, the idea of living off grid — without electricity, water or
sewage — is an increasingly attractive lifestyle.
Off-gridders do not have to give up electricity or a modern lifestyle — some choose to, but most use small
hydroelectric power systems, solar panels or windmills to generate enough power for their needs. Heating and
cooking needs are met by solar energy or wood burning systems, and toilet facilities range from non-water toilets to
outside compost toilets. ____73____ It ranges from traditional yurts (a type of tent) to luxury house with high-
speed internet and central heating. Whether they live in simple homes or luxury houses, what they all have in
common is that their lifestyles do not create any pollution or carbon emissions — the ultimate goal for off-gridders.
Around 100,000 people are thought to be living off grid in the UK now. ____74____ They grow their own
food, home-school their children and provide their own medical care. They are people who have been priced out of
the housing market or who have grown disillusioned with what modern society can offer and who decides that an
alternative lifestyle isn’t a pipe dream, but a viable option.
A part from living an alternative lifestyle, cost is a big factor in choosing to live off-grid. Off-grid houses are
far cheaper to build than ordinary homes since they don’t need to be connected to the electricity or water supplies
and even road access is not necessary. Materials tend to be cheaper, too. Popular options include straw or old tyres
and cement.
Surprisingly, the biggest problem off-gridders face is not building their homes or becoming self-sufficient but
getting permission to build. Rural areas away from town are the perfect choice but these are often protected by law
from construction of any kind or have building restrictions. There are now several websites dedicated to land-
sharing so that the costs of buying land and getting permission can be shared, and there are increasing numbers of
off-grid communities. ____75____ Off-gridding could soon be common all over Europe and America.
A. Many are self-sufficient, not just providing their own electricity, water and sewage systems, but in all aspects.
第 27 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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B. After you use the toilet, you flush it and the waste disappears.
C. This shift from individual to group off-gridding reflects the fact that the trend is growing noticeably.
D. They live in a huge variety of types of accommodation.
E. Living off-grid still has a long way to go before it becomes a mainstream way of living.
F. Rather than building permanent homes, vans or mobile homes or even old shipping containers are other options.
【答案】72. B 73. D 74. A 75. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新生活——脱离电网的生活。
【72题详解】
根据上文When you need electricity, you just plug in the machine and switch it on. If you need water, you turn on
the tap.(你需要电的时候，只要把机器插上电源就可以了。如果你需要水，就打开水龙头)可知，此处是在讲
述我们的日常生活。由此可知，B. After you use the toilet, you flush it and the waste disappears.(上完厕所后，
冲一冲，排泄物就不见了)符合语境。故选B。
【73题详解】
根据下文 It ranges from traditional yurts (a type of tent) to luxury house with high-speed internet and central
heating.(它的范围从传统的蒙古包（一种帐篷）到带有高速互联网和中央供暖的豪华住宅)可知，D. They live
in a huge variety of types of accommodation.(他们住在各种各样的住所里)符合语境。故选D。
【74题详解】
根据下文They grow their own food, home-school their children and provide their own medical care.(他们种植自
己的食物，在家教育他们的孩子，并提供自己的医疗保健)可知，A. Many are self-sufficient, not just providing
their own electricity, water and sewage systems, but in all aspects. (许多人是自给自足的，不仅提供自己电力、
水和排污系统，而且在各个方面都是自给自足的)符合语境。故选A。
【75题详解】
根据上文 There are now several websites dedicated to land-sharing so that the costs of buying land and getting
permission can be shared, and there are increasing numbers of off-grid communities.(现在有几个网站致力于土地
共享，这样购买土地和获得许可的成本可以共享，而且越来越多的离网社区)及下文Off-gridding could soon be
common all over Europe and America.(脱离电网的现象很快就会在欧洲和美国普遍存在)由此可知，C. This
shift from individual to group off-gridding reflects the fact that the trend is growing noticeably.(这种从个体到群体
的偏离反映了一个事实，即这一趋势正在显著增长)符合语境。故选C。
第Ⅱ卷
Section A (1’×20=20’)
第 28 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
(A)
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given verbs.
Robot Chef Learns to Twirl (旋转) Pizza Like a Pro
Pizza has a proud history of fueling late-night lab work, and scientists in Naples—an Italian city famous for its
pizza—have easy access to some of the world’s tastiest take-out. But what inspires engineer Bruno Siciliano is not
that first bite ___76___ much as how the dish is made.
“Preparing a pizza involves an extraordinary level of agility and dexterity (敏捷和灵巧),” says Siciliano, who
directs a robotics research group at the University of Naples Federico Ⅱ. Stretching a deformable object like a lump
of dough (面团) requires an accurate and gentle touch. It is one of the few things humans can handle, but robots
cannot—yet.
Siciliano’s team ___77___ (develop) a robot able to make a pizza pie. RoDyMan (short for Robotic Dynamic
Manipulation) is a five-year project ___78___ (support) by a €2.5-million grant from the European Research
Council. Like a human chef, RoDyMan must throw the dough into the air to stretch it, ___79___ (follow) it as it
spins and anticipating how it will change shape.
RoDyMan has been working this spring toward a milestone: stretching the dough ___80___ tearing it. To
guide the robot, Siciliano’s team asked master pizza chef Enzo Coccia to wear a suit of movement-tracking sensors.
“We learn [Coccia’s] motions, and we copy them with RoDyMan,” Sciliano says.
RoDyMan uses visual sensors in its head to track the dough in real time. Using software, it can train ___81___
to handle the pizza like a chef would. The robot ___82___ (map) the dough’s position and tracks how it moves.
Through practice, the robot ___83___ get better—much like humans develop “muscle memory.” Researchers hope
RoDyMan’s technology can lead to a new generation of robots that will perform tasks in ways ___84___ are
accurate and responsive, if not more lifelike.
Yet Siciliano admits that _____85_____ compares with a traditional chef. “I would never eat a pizza made by
a robot,” he says. “It would not have the taste a real pizzaiolo, with his soul, would put in it.”
【答案】76. so 77. has been developing
78. supported
79. following
80. without
81. itself 82. maps
83. can 84. that##which
85. nothing
第 29 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。在意大利那不勒斯，科学家们试图做出一款能做披萨的机器人。
【76题详解】
考查副词。句意：但是，工程师布鲁诺·西西里亚诺的灵感并非仅源于最初的一口，更多的是来自菜肴的
制作方法。分析句子结构，not so much as为固定短语，含义为“与其说是……不如说是……”，符合语
境，故填so。
【77题详解】
考查时态。句意：Siciliano的团队一直在开发一种能够制作披萨派的机器人。分析句子结构，空白处在句
子中作谓语，根据下文“RoDyMan (short for Robotic Dynamic Manipulation) is a five-year project(RoDyMan
（机器人动态操纵的缩写）是一个为期五年的项目)”可知此处表达的是一个从过去一直持续到现在的动
作，而且还有可能继续下去，谓语动词使用现在完成进行时，因主语Siciliano’s team为单数，故填has
been developing。
【78题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：RoDyMan（机器人动态操纵的缩写）是一个由欧洲研究委员会250万欧元拨款支
持的五年项目。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作后置定语，且与其逻辑主语project之间为逻辑上的动宾
关系，使用过去分词，故填supported。
【79题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：就像人类厨师一样，RoDyMan必须将面团抛向空中拉伸，在面团旋转时跟随
它，并预测它将如何改变形状。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主
语RoDyMan之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填following。
【80题详解】
考查介词。句意：今年春天RoDyMan一直致力于实现一个里程碑：拉伸面团而不撕裂它。根据上文
“stretching the dough(拉伸面团)”以及下文“tearing it(撕裂它)”可推理出本句说的是RoDyMan要学会拉
伸面团但不会撕裂它，空白处应填表示“没有”含义的介词，故填without。
【81题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：使用软件，它可以像厨师一样训练自己处理披萨。根据下文“to handle the pizza like a
chef would(像厨师一样处理披萨)”可推理出此处说的是RoDyMan使用软件训练自己能够像厨师一样处理披
萨，空白处应填反身代词，故填itself。
【82题详解】
考查时态。句意：机器人绘制面团的位置并跟踪其移动方式。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因
句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时，因主语The robot为单数第三人称，谓语动词使
第 30 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
用单数第三人称形式，故填maps。
【83题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：通过练习，机器人可以变得更好——就像人类发展“肌肉记忆”一样。根据上文
“Through practice(通过练习)”以及下文“get better(变得更好)”可知本句说的是一种理论上的可能性，使
用情态动词can，故填can。
【84题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：研究人员希望RoDyMan的技术能够开发出新一代机器人，以准确和快速的方式执
行任务。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为ways，因空白处在句子中做主语，使
用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，故填that/which。
【85题详解】
考查代词。句意：然而，Siciliano承认，没有什么能与传统厨师相比。根据下文“I would never eat a pizza
made by a robot(我永远不会吃机器人做的披萨)”可知此处上下文说的是机器人做的披萨比不上传统厨师做
的，可推理出空白处应填表示“没有什么”含义的代词，故填nothing。
(B)
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given verbs.
Talking to your therapist over Zoom is as helpful for anxiety and depression as going to in-person therapy.
The virtual session, moreover, can be delivered at lower costs, according to a new study conducted in the U.K.
Online therapy has become more and more prevalent since the COVID pandemic, ____86____ lockdowns
forced lots of therapists online. The new study suggests that one of the biggest benefits of virtual therapy
____87____ be that it can allow people to get treatment faster, which increases their quality of life and reduces the
amount of additional medical care they require.
“The actual cost of mental health care doesn’t come from treating these conditions ____88____ from not
treating them,” says co-author Ana Catarino.
Questions emerge about ____89____ to deliver mental health interventions online best. Catarino and her team
compared ieso’s Internet-delivered CBT, which featured a therapist working one-on-one with patients through a
text chat, ____90____ the other services for anxiety and depression offered by the NHS, which covered a variety of
therapies.
The findings showed that online therapy was ____91____ (effective) than the other forms of care. What was
most interesting was why. The researchers found that patients who were offered the therapist-guided CBT program
got treatment faster. As a result, their quality of life improved more quickly, and they used fewer other medical
services.
第 31 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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The paper is likely to “make a big splash” because the authors showed that the success of the virtual CBT
program was linked to the fact that it provided patients with a therapist’s guidance every step of the way.
It’s not surprising that virtual therapy works well, says Haim Weinberg, a licensed psychologist. Studies
outside the U.K. have found the same, he says. But there is still some bias ____92____ virtual therapy as somehow
second-best, and there are not yet many ____93____ (establish) training programs to get mental health
professionals comfortable with providing care online.
Virtual care won’t be right for every person, but the new study’s results suggest the need to expand access
_____94_____ patients aren’t left waiting for help. These findings stress the importance of developing clinical
interventions that _____95_____ (prove) to be effective and that can be used at scale to match the demand we
know.
【答案】86. when
87. may 88. but
89. how 90. with
91. more effective
92. against
93. established
94. so that
95. are proven##are proved
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍并分析了由疫情催生的在线治疗这一新的就医形式。
【86题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：自新冠疫情大流行以来，在线治疗变得越来越普遍，在当时那种情况下，封锁迫使
许多治疗师在线。该空需要一个关系词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the COVID pandemic，并指代
先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，指在疫情期间施行的封锁政策。故填when。
【87题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：这项新的研究表明，虚拟治疗的最大好处之一可能是它可以让人们更快地得到治
疗，从而提高他们的生活质量，减少他们需要的额外医疗护理的数量。在that引导的宾语从句中，该空与
后面的be为谓语部分，根据句意，作者对于在线诊病这一做法的好处也是推测，由此可知，情态动词
may符合语境。故填may。
【88题详解】
考查连词。句意：精神卫生保健的实际成本不是来自治疗这些疾病，而是来自不治疗它们。not...but...意为
第 32 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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“不是...而是...”符合语境。故填but。
【89题详解】
考查动词不定式复合结构。句意：关于如何最好地在线提供心理健康干预的问题出现了。此处介词about
加宾语作后置定语修饰名词Questions，可知about的宾语应该是一个疑问，下文对提供心理健康治疗的方
式进行了调研，由此可知，该空可填疑问词how加上后面的动词不定式作宾语。故填how。
【90题详解】
考查介词。句意：卡塔林诺和她的团队将ieso提供的网络CBT与NHS提供的其他治疗焦虑和抑郁的服务
进行了比较，前者的特点是治疗师通过文本聊天与患者进行一对一的治疗。介词固定搭配compare ...with...
表示“把...和....进行比较”，符合语境。故填with。
【91题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：研究结果表明，在线治疗比其他形式的治疗更有效。根据空后的than...可知，
该空所给形容词应使用比较级形式。故填more effective。
【92题详解】
考查介词。句意：但是，人们对虚拟治疗仍有一些偏见，认为它在某种程度上是次优选择，而且目前还没
有很多成熟的培训项目，让心理健康专业人员能够轻松地在网上提供护理。空前的名词bias意为“偏
见”，介词短语against...意为“对...的偏见，反对...”作后置定语，修饰名词bias，符合语境。故填
against。
【93题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但是，人们对虚拟治疗仍有一些偏见，认为它在某种程度上是次优选择，而且目前还
没有很多成熟的培训项目，让心理健康专业人员能够轻松地在网上提供护理。该空为定语部分，修饰名词
training programs，所给词establish为动词，其形容词established意为“确立已久的，早已使用过的”，符
合语境。故填established。
【94题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：虚拟医疗并不适合每个人，但新研究的结果表明，有必要扩大使用范围，这样病人
就不会等待。本句中空前the need to expand access作suggest的宾语，空后又是一个完整的陈述句，由此可
知，该空需要一个连词，根据句意，病人可以不用长时间排队等待，是expand access(扩大在线诊病的机
会)的结果。故填so that。
【95题详解】
考查谓语动词时态语态。句意：这些发现强调了开发被证明是有效的并且可以大规模使用，以满足我们所
知道的需求的临床干预措施重要性。该空所给词prove在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，关系代词指代先
行词clinical interventions做主语，这些干预措施需要被临床证明，由此可知，prove应使用被动语态的一
第 33 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
般现在时，主语为复数名词。 故填are proven/are proved。
Section C (3’+3’+4’+5’=15)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the
brackets.
96. 这家餐馆规定，每季度更换一次菜单，以吸引更多顾客。(appeal)(汉译英)
【答案】This restaurant has a policy of changing its menu every quarter to appeal to more customers
.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、动词。表示“这家餐馆”含义的表达为：this restaurant；表示“规定”含义的表达
为：have a policy of，后跟动名词；表示“更换菜单”含义的表达为：change its menu；表示“每季度”含
义的表达为：every quarter；“以吸引更多顾客”在句子中做目的状语，使用动词不定式，根据括号内提
示，表示“吸引”含义的词为：appeal to；表示“更多顾客”含义的表达为：more customers，因句子表达
的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时，因主语this restaurant为单数且为第三人称，谓语动词使用
单数第三人称形式，故本句翻译为：This restaurant has a policy of changing its menu every quarter to appeal to
more customers.
97. 青少年在和同龄人互动时往往能接触到新想法。(expose)(汉译英)
【答案】Teenagers are exposed to new ideas when interacting with peers
.
【解析】
【详解】考查省略句。“青少年”翻译为teenagers；“与同龄人互动”翻译为interact with peers；“接
触”根据所给词expose可知，应表达为be exposed to；“新想法”翻译为new ideas。根据句意可知，“在
和同龄人互动中”可用when引导时间状语从句when they are interacting with peers，主从句主语一致且从
句谓语中含有be动词，从句可省略“主语+be”，且此句陈述事实，应用一般现在时，故翻译为：
Teenagers are exposed to new ideas when interacting with peers.
98. 学习策略因人而异，取决于很多因素，最重要的是奏效。(matter v.)(汉译英)
【答案】Learning strategies vary from person to person and depend on many factors, and the most important thing
is whether they work.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、动词、时态、表语从句。分析句子可知，全句可以处理为“学习策略因人而异，取决
于很多因素”和“最重要的是奏效”两个并列分句，用并列连词and连接。第一分句中主语“学习策略”
用learning strategies，学习策略很多，所以用复数名词；谓语用动词用vary，意为“呈现差异”，vary from
person to person，意为“因人而异”，“取决于”是并列谓语动词，用动词短语depend on，宾语“很多因
素”用many factors；陈述客观事实，谓语动词都用一般现在时态。第二分句中主语“最重要的(事情)”
第 34 页 共 35 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
用the most important thing；主语是单数名词，一般现在时态，系动词用is；表语“奏效”应理解为“是否
奏效”，处理为表语从句whether they work，连词whether引导表语从句，意为“是否”，谓语动词work意
为“是否”。综上， 全句译为：Learning strategies vary from person to person and depend on many factors, and
the most important thing is whether they work.
99. 毫无疑问，不管人类文明有多么发达，如果生态平衡被打破，过不了多久我们就会自食其果。(it)(汉译
英)
【答案】There is no doubt that no matter how developed human civilization is, if the ecological balance is broken,
it will not be long before we suffer the consequences.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型、从句和时态。句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时；“毫无疑问”使用固定句型There
is no doubt that，“不管人类文明有多么发达”使用 no matter how 引导的让步状语从句，“发达”使用
developed，“人类文明”使用human civilization，译为no matter how developed human civilization is，“如果
生态平衡被打破”使用if引导的条件状语从句，译为if the ecological balance is broken，“过不了多久”表
将来，应用一般将来时，使用固定句型it will not be long before，“我们就会自食其果”位于before引导的
时间状语从句中，应用一般现在时表将来，译为we suffer the consequences。故翻译为There is no doubt that no
matter how developed human civilization is, if the ecological balance is broken, it will not be long before we suffer
the consequences.
第 35 页 共 35 页
