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上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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上海交通大学附属中学 2023—2024 学年度第一学期
高二英语摸底考试
(本试卷满分 150分，120分钟完成。)
第Ⅰ卷(115’)
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (25’)
Section A (10’)
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the
end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and
the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it,
read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the
question you have heard.
1．A．He doesn’t like cooking. B．He makes very good desserts.
C．He isn’t careful when preparing food. D．He cooks for the Spanish club quite often.
2．A．She already told the man about her plans. B．She recently visited a different university.
C．She doesn’t plan to continue studying next year. D．She isn’t planning to transfer to another university.
3．A．Start cleaning sooner. B．Hire a cleaning service.
C．Have his party at a different place. D．Wait a while before giving another party.
4．A．She prefers to remain indoors. B．She has the same health problem the man has.
C．She doesn’t think the man is sincere. D．She doesn’t understand what the man said.
5．A．He used leftovers in the soup. B．He intentionally cooked a lot of soup.
C．He doesn’t like leftovers either. D．He has invited many people to the party.
6．A．The man doesn’t need a new bicycle. B．She doesn’t know how to fix a bicycle.
C．She can’t help the man make his decision. D．A bicycle isn’t a safe method of transportation.
7．A．Ed is happy with his job. B．The boss plans to give Ed a raise in salary.
C．The boss hasn’t treated Ed fairly. D．Ed isn’t as good a worker as the boss thinks.
8．A．She left work after the man. B．It only rained in a small area.
C．She doesn’t mind driving in the downpour. D．She was unable to follow the man’s directions.
9．A．It isn’t necessary to attend the lecture. B．Eating in the lecture hall is prohibited.
C．There isn’t enough time to eat dessert. D．The lecture probably won’t start on time.
10．A．She wants to buy a car from Matthew.
B．She doesn’t think that Oakville is very far.
C．She thinks the man misunderstood what she said.
D．She didn’t know that Matthew planned to move to Oakville.
Section B (15’)
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you
will be asked some questions on the passages and the conversation. The passages and the
conversation will be read twice, but he questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a
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question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer
to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following talk.
11．A．Some monkeys have been well protected. B．Some monkeys are changing their colours.
C．Some monkeys are threatened with extinction. D．Some monkeys have become humans’ enemies.
12．A．It can make monkeys look darker. B．It can be found in most monkey species.
C．It contains a strong-smelling chemical D．It is less harmful than melanin.
.
13．A．The sulphur they take in. B．The eco-friendly farming.
C．The decline in their enemies. D．The delivery of their babies.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14．A．It was first published in 1768. B．Modern science was one of its themes.
C．It was made up of 10 volume when completed. D．The Scottish created it to publicize Scottish culture.
15．A．6. B．7. C．8. D．9.
16．A．To explain how the Encyclopedia Britannica has been digitized.
B．To arouse listeners’ curiosity about the Encyclopedia Britannica.
C．To illustrate the role that the Encyclopedia Britannica has played.
D．To call for more help with the recovery of the Encyclopedia Britannica.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17．A．Writing a story. B．A jewelry store robbery.
C．Buying a birthday present. D．Doing research for a class assignment.
18．A．Her professor did not like her story. B．She had trouble finishing her assignment.
C．She did not like the topic she had chosen for her paper. D．She was taking too many courses.
19．A．Take some extra time. B．Do a writing exercise.
C．Do some work for another course. D．Write the story ending first.
20．A．To go shopping. B．To meet with her professor.
C．To do research for her story. D．To take a break from her work.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A (1’×10=10’)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and
D．Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. The globe features thousands of languages. But when did humans first lay out a structured system to
communicate, one that was distinct to a(n) ______ area?
A. especial B. particular C. peculiar D. special
2. Adults are often embarrassed about asking for aid. The moment you ask for directions, ______ you reveal that
you are vulnerable.
A. above all B. worst of all C. after all D. at all
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3. Until relatively recently, psychologists assumed that children did not start to care about their reputation and
peers’ ______ until around age nine.
A. perceptions B. prescriptions C. receptions D. descriptions
4. When ecologist Kasun handled feathers from the Regent Whistler and the Rufous-naped Bellbird, two toxic
birds, his eyes itched like he was chopping onions. Whatever the ______, storing the toxin in feathers may help
protect the birds against parasites.
A. reason B. source C. origin D. resource
5. It’s midafternoon. You’re full from lunch. The day is warm. You’re starting to feel sleepy. Should you ______ to
the comfort of a nap?
A. give up B. give away C. give off D. give in
6. Study after study has shown that spending a night without sleep produces mood benefits for about half of the
people with depression. The effects of this ______, dubbed “wake therapy”, offer the bonus of being immediate,
unlike most antidepressants, which require a few weeks to work.
A. approach B. shift C. term D. application
7. The structure of benzene (苯), Google and Frankenstein: What do these icons of science, technology and
literature all share? They are among the numerous discoveries and inventions that are said to have been ______
through the act of dreaming.
A. stimulated B. motivated C. inspired D. activated
8. A study has shown that the current version of ChatGPT is comparable, or even superior, to students in nearly 30
percent of courses. The findings are far from the first to suggest that generative AI models can excel at assessments
that are typically ______ for humans.
A. resolved B. reserved C. preserved D. conserved
9. The sun is white — kind of. It depends on your ______ of color, the way colors work, the way our eyes see and,
just as importantly, the air we see through.
A illumination B. interpretation C. reflection D. illustration
.
10. Dark energy permeates the empty part of the universe — the vacuum. Whatever “it” is, it ______ a repulsive
force that pushes everything apart and pulls against gravity.
A. stretches B. exerts C. substitutes D. facilitates
Section B (1’×20=20’)
(A)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note
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that there is one word more than you need.
A. referring B. refresh C. pin D. occurred E. acknowledging
F. identify G. drain H. discouraged I. specific J. negative
K. specifically
Make a Wish List
Most of us know of New Year’s Resolutions, where one sets intentions for the year ahead. But too often,
people make their resolutions ____11____ — “I will no longer eat biscuits left at my desk”— and then feel
unhappy. In the cold month of January, the last thing you need is to ____12____ your energy further by setting up a
series of battles with yourself. And if you break a resolution, you feel ____13____, which is a rubbish way to start
the year. What you need instead are things to look forward to.
So instead, try a wish list. This involves writing down 100 things you would like to do in the year ahead. The
items can be enormous or tiny, ranging from “Climb Everest” to “buy a new pencil sharper”. The main thing is that
at some point it has ____14____ to you as something that you would like to do.
The key here is — write it down.
Do you feel any resistance to the ideas? If so, ask yourself why. What is wrong with ____15____ what you
would like to do? Try not to say to yourself: “I can’t I don’t have the money/time/energy/skills.” Just write it down.
It helps to be ____16____, so rather than “Get outdoors”, ____17____ a place you would like to visit. And
take your time when creating it — a wish list is not built in a day. Think about it, polish it and ____18____ it.
Finally, you have your list. And what a work of beauty it is. Here are all the things that you would like to do.
Remember to ____19____ them up where you can see them; let yourself consider how they can be accomplished.
You’ll be amazed that so many of your dreams can be realized though the simple trick of writing them down and
_____20_____ to them.
(B)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note
that there is one word more than you need.
A．efficiency B．employ C．effective D．chemicals E．accelerating
F．existing G．projected H．trapped I．power J．simultaneously
K．artificially
This past July was the hottest recorded month in human history. Heat waves smashed temperature records
worldwide and even brought summer temperatures to Chile and Argentina during the Southern Hemisphere’s
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winter. It’s more than just a matter of sweaty discomfort. In the U.S. alone, it kills more people each year than
floods, tornadoes and hurricanes combined. As climate change worsens, access to ____21____ cooled spaces is
rapidly becoming a health necessity.
Yet standard air-conditioning systems have ____22____ us in a vicious cycle: the hotter it is, the more people
use the AC—and the more energy is used as a result. Nicole Miranda, an engineer researching sustainable cooling
at the University of Oxford says: “it’s not only a vicious cycle, but it’s a(n) ____23____ one.” According to 2018
data from the International Energy Agency (IEA), the worldwide annual energy demand from cooling is
____24____ to more than triple by 2050.
It’s becoming increasingly clear that humans cannot outrun climate change with the same air-conditioning
technology we’ve been using. One well-known problem with current AC systems is their reliance on refrigerant
____25____, many of which are potential greenhouse gases. About 80 percent of a standard AC unit’s climate-
warming emissions currently come from the energy used to ____26____ it, says Nihar Shah, director of the Global
Cooling Efficiency Program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Standard air-conditioning systems ____27____ cool and dehumidify through a relatively inefficient
mechanism: in order to condense water out of the air, they overcool that air past the point of comfort. Many new
designs therefore separate the dehumidification and cooling processes, which avoids the need to overcool.
Even with some of the best technologies available, the gains in ____28____ alone might not be enough to
offset the widely expected increase in air-conditioning use. It will not work to simply replace every ____29____ air
conditioner with a better model and call it a day. Instead, a truly cooler future will have to ____30____ other
strategies that rely on urban planning and building design to minimize the need for cooling in the first place.
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (60’)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,
B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
(A)
Experiencing occasional anxiety is a normal part of life. However, anxiety disorders, defined by extreme fear,
restlessness, and muscle tension, can increase the risk for ___31___ and self-murder.
They are some of the most common mental health conditions around the world, ___32___ around four out of
every 100 people and costing the health care system and job employers over US $42 billion each year.
People with anxiety are more likely to miss days from work and are less ___33___. Young people with
anxiety are also less likely to enter school and complete it, leading to fewer life ___34___. Even though this
evidence points to anxiety disorders as being important mental health issues, insufficient ___35___ is being given
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to them by researchers, clinicians, and policy makers.
My team and I at the University of Cambridge wanted to find out who is most affected by anxiety disorders.
To do this, we conducted a systematic ___36___ of studies that reported on the proportion of people with anxiety in
a variety of contexts around the world, and used accurate methods to keep the highest quality studies.
Our results showed women are almost twice as likely to ___37___ anxiety as men, and people living in
Europe and North America are disproportionately affected.
So why are women more ___38___? It could be because of differences in brain chemistry and hormone (荷尔
蒙) variations. Reproductive events across a woman’s life are ___39___ with hormonal changes, which have been
linked to anxiety. The rise in oestrogen (雌激素) that occurs during pregnancy can ___40___ the risk for
uncontrollable disorder.
This is ___41___ by disturbing and repetitive thoughts, impulses and addictions that are upsetting and less
effective. But in addition to biological mechanisms, women and men seem to experience and react to events in their
life ___42___. Women tend to be more likely to stress, which can increase their anxiety. Also, when faced with
stressful situations, women and men tend to use different coping ___43___. Women faced with life stressors are
more likely to think about them seriously, which can increase their anxiety, ___44___ men engage more in active
problem-focused coping.
Other studies suggest that women are more likely to ___45___ physical and mental mistreatment than men,
and this behavior has been linked to the development of anxiety disorders.
31. A. symptom B. depression C. misery D. frightening
32. A. infecting B. stimulating C. capturing D. affecting
33. A. productive B. progressive C. positive D. passive
34. A. adventures B. insurances C. chances D. programs
35. A. conclusion B. attention C. solution D. contribution
36. A. ignorance B. outlook C. discovery D. review
37. A. suffer from B. deal with C. fight against D. result from
38. A. superior B. inferior C. vulnerable D. enormous
39. A. interacted B. associated C. disconnected D. inherited
40. A. challenge B. decline C. eliminate D. increase
41. A. characterized B. confused C. performed D. offended
42. A. equally B. similarly C. differently D. terribly
43. A. shortcuts B. strategies C. standards D. samples
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44. A. because B. unless C. if D. while
45 A. experience B. accept C. ignore D. persist
.
(B)
In 1968 a grave dating from about 1100 was uncovered near Hattula, in Finland, Little remained of the
occupant’s skeleton, but the inhumation included two swords and a knife. Such grave goods would normally
suggest said occupant was a man. The skeleton was, ___46___ also decorated with brooches (胸针) and woollen
clothing of types more usually worn at the time by women. This ___47___ guess that the burial was actually of a
powerful woman, possibly a local ruler in her own right rather than just the wife of a male king.
This would be noteworthy enough. But a re-examination of the remains, just published in the European
Journal of Archaeology by Ulla Moilanen of the University of Turku and Elina Salmela of the University of
Helsinki, suggests the truth may be yet more ___48___. Ms. Moilanen and Dr Salmela suspect that the individual
___49___ may have had outward characteristics of both a man and a woman.
In 1968 working out the ___50___ of a skeleton in an ancient grave was tricky. After years of deterioration,
the bones of men and women look pretty much ___51___. But that was before the use of DNA became possible. So
Ms. Moilanen and Dr Salmela thought it worth trying again.
Most people have two sex chromosomes (染色体): XX in women and XY in men. Find DNA from a Y-
chromosome in a skeleton and the chances are the body was ___52___. And, looking at a fragment of femur
brought to her by Ms. Moilanen, who is the archaeologist in the ___53___, Dr. Salmela, who is the geneticist, did
indeed find such DNA. But not much of it. That led her to wonder about contamination (污染), but also to consider
whether the individual in the grave had had a(n) ___54___ X-chromosome that was swamping the signal from the
Y.
Having an abnormal number of sex chromosomes is rare, but not vanishingly so. The particular ___55___
XXY leads to what is known as Klinefelter’s syndrome. To determine the occupant’s karyotype (染色体组型)
from the tiny amount of DNA available, Dr. Salmela drew ___56___ with living people. The grave delivered 8,329
pieces, so she used a computer to draw samples of similar size from the genomes of living people with various
karyotypes, including XXY, and also from mixtures of both sexes, to ___57___ contamination. She then compared
these with the DNA from the grave and ___58___ it was 99.75% probable the individual concerned had indeed had
Klinefelter’s syndrome.
While Dr Salmela was working all this out, Ms. Moilanen and her team had another look at the grave. They
confirmed that it was a ___59___ burial. For instance, they found evidence of fine furs, probably from foxes.
Clearly, this was a well-respected human being, but what led to that ___60___ in a world then dominated by male
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values is a matter of puzzle. Perhaps the person came from a family powerful enough for such things not to matter.
46. A. therefore B. what’s more C. nevertheless D. for instance
47. A. intensified B. confirmed C. dismissed D. encouraged
48. A. complicated B. engaging C. unpleasant D. frightening
49. A. in question B. at large C. by comparison D. with doubt
50. A. composition B. age C. sex D. origin
51. A. distinct B. unidentified C. alike D. broken
52. A. female B. old C. young D. male
53. A. cooperation B. authority C. institute D. adventure
54. A. restored B. extra C. missing D. dominant
55. A. requirement B. interest C. combination D. emphasis
56. A. inspirations B. lessons C. inferences D. comparisons
57. A. eliminate B. monitor C. imitate D. generate
58. A. rejected B. concluded C. recalled D. confessed
59. A. high-status B. secret C. religious D. peaceful
60. A. conclusion B. evidence C. respect D. solution
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose
the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Earlier this year I took a trip to England and France to go see some friends. It was a wonderful trip; I really
loved it. But one thing that struck me was how different these cultures are from our own. I guess this would strike
any traveler because that is the first thing you notice and it is what makes travel so exciting. Of course, these
cultures are also similar to ours in many respects, but it’s the differences that really stand out.
One of the things that struck me in particular was the different attitudes towards smoking. As you know,
there’s a growing anti-smoking sentiment in Europe. However, when I went to England and France, I got a new
perspective on this issue. People seem to smoke anywhere and everywhere, even though anti-smoking signs are all
over public places. On the radio, I heard about a member of the World Cup soccer team who smoked. And people
were actually saying, “Well, he should not be on the team because he’s a bad example for our children.” I think, if
they want to look at bad examples for their children, they should just go out on the street, or go into the subways, or
look in the mirror, even, because so many of them are smoking in very inappropriate places. I visited a restaurant
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buffet in London and saw an English woman scooping up the food with a lit cigarette in her hand. Smoke rising
into the air. Actually, when I talked to English people later, they were pretty shocked too, and they said that
smoking in a restaurant is rude even by British standards.
This did not give me a bad impression of English people. It gave me, on the contrary, a positive feeling toward
American smokers. There are a lot of American smokers who will proclaim their right to smoke whenever they
want, but they will follow the rules, generally, because they have consideration for nonsmokers. So this experience
in Europe gave me more of a respect for this kind of smoker.
61. What surprised the writer during his trip to England and France?
A. The wonderful trip to England and France.
B. Cultural differences that he noticed during his trip.
C. Similarity between cultures stands out more than differences.
D. Growing anti-smoking views in Europe.
62. What did the speaker find in England and France about the smoking issue?
A. People discuss the smoking issue on the radio.
B. Smokers are allowed to smoke anywhere and anytime.
C. People are encouraged to smoke in inappropriate places.
D. Many smokers pay no attention to the “No Smoking” signs.
63. The word “sentiment” in the second paragraph means ______.
A. feeling B. movement C. offense D. regulation
64. What kind of smokers does the speaker respect?
A. Those who are from America and Europe. B. Those who respect others’ feelings.
C. Those who defend the right to smoke. D. Those who set rules of smoking in public places.
(B)
One of the most well-known figures of American history, Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the
United States and the author of the Declaration of Independence. His life was an inspiring one and at the same time
a little bit contradictory to his statements and way of living life, and thus he has formed the subject of a lot of
authors’ books.
This is a Biography of the life of Jefferson published in 6 volumes over a
Jefferson and his time very long period of 34 years staring from 1948 till 1982.
Read it For:
第 9 页 共 16 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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It is an entire collection introducing all aspects of Jefferson’s life in great
details from his childhood till his last days. For history enthusiasts, this is a
wonderful book that will give you insight into the life of one of the most
memorable American leaders.
Don’t Read it For:
This series is a biography and strictly a work of non-fiction. It is reading
about the life of a person and might get boring for some.
An interesting yet strange book, this piece of writing is not an attempt to
shed light on the life of Jefferson but rather an attempt to understand his mind.
Jefferson was one who spoke something but did the complete opposite of it.
Read it For:
This book tries to analyze Jefferson’s life but does not do it in a way that
American Sphinx criticizes him or idolizes him. This National Award winning book perfectly
balances the act of examining someone’s acts and general behavior and trying to
figure out the reason behind his contradictory statements and acts.
Don’t Read it For:
If you are searching for a book about Jefferson’s life this is not for you. It
,
covers a few events of his life, not his entire life.
This Political Biography by Meacham takes you on a journey into the world
that Jefferson lived in and saw it through his eyes. It shows how Jefferson formed
the world around him and handled situations and people to shape the American
political system as it is today.
Read it For:
The depth with which this book is written is commendable. It is noted that
the work done by Meacham in this book puts you inside Jefferson’s head and
The Art of Power
makes you understand what it would be like to be Jefferson.
Don’t Read it For:
While this book shows the genius of Jefferson, it can come off as bias,
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showing Jefferson in a very positive light and his opponents in a very negative
light.
65. If one wants to know Thomas Jefferson’s experience in his whole life, ______ is most highly recommended.
A. “Jefferson and His Time” B. “American Sphinx” C. “The Art of Power” D. none of the above
66. Having read “American Sphinx”, you may ______.
A. learn how Thomas got through his childhood in details
B. understand why Thomas’ words and deeds were not always matched
C. know how ordinary people criticize or idolize him
D. learn how Jefferson formed the world around him and addressed situations
67. One problem about “The Art of Power” is that readers ______.
A. may feel bored while they are reading it
B. cannot get a complete description of Thomas’ life
C. learn Thomas’ political life mainly from historians’ perspective
D. cannot get an objective point of view about Thomas’ gift
(C)
What will the development of quantum computers (量子计算机) mean for our civilizations? Oh sure, better
cryptography (密码方式), “more powerful” processing, but bottom line, we just don’t know...yet.
This phenomenon isn’t unique to quantum computing, of course. It’s something we see time and again with all
new world-changing technology. In some ways, it’s how we can define a technology as world-changing: everyone
agrees it’s going to be hugely important, but nobody can predict exactly what impact it will have.
The internet remains the classic example. Although invented in the 1960s, even by the late 1990s, the internet
was still being dismissed as something that is fashionable but unlikely to last. Most commentators thought it
nothing more than a curiosity.
There’s a famous 1999 interview between David Bowie and BBC journalist Jeremy Paxman. In it, Bowie
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predicts that the internet will change the nature of music, and remove the “barriers between creator and audience”.
The longer he spoke, the more Paxman said in anger that Bowie could possibly believe this about the internet.
To be fair to Paxman, in 1999, internet at home meant accessing it over a modem. Concepts like WeChat and
Netflix and more simply could not work over such limited bandwidth. But there were still some people who
assumed that bandwidth would increase and that streaming music and video would be possible soon enough. They
were laughed at.
Oddly enough, as the dot-com boom intensified, many turned from doubters to hopeless optimists, and lost
serious money building websites to deliver content that simply couldn’t “fit” down the inter-tubes of the day.
Then in the second decade of the 21st century: critical mass. Bandwidth increased massively. Forget showing
a nice little video in your browser, today Netflix can serve you a TV show in 4K, as long as you have 25Mbps
connection.
Quantum computing isn’t a consumer technology, of course. It’s a much bigger deal than that. Quantum
computing is more like the invention of the transistor (电子晶体). Sure, most people have heard of it, but few
understand it. Actually, we don’t even really understand it. But we’re reasonably comfortable that when a lab has
that many scanning electron microscopes, it must be doing something important, right?
Quantum computing is still at the stage of “hit it with a hammer until it works”. Sure the hammer is
microscopic, and also a laser or magnetic field of some kind, but the point is we’re going through the process of
turning the idea into reality.
Sooner than you think, though, qubit-based computers are going to get applied to stuff. What stuff? Like
always, it will be super secret stuff first. Then it will reach the rest of us.
This is how the world begins. Not with a bang, but with a lot of extremely hard work behind the scenes.
68. What attitude did most people take towards the internet in the 1990s?
A. Optimistic. B. Unconcerned. C. Doubtful. D. Defensive.
69. The example of the internet is intended to illustrate that ______.
A. it is hard to define what is world-changing technology
B. the internet was universally acknowledged as important
C. the influence of new technology is usually unpredictable
D. the internet inspired many debates in the following years
70. By “hit it with a hammer until it works”, the writer means that quantum computing ______.
A. has been questioned B. has been fully understood
C. hasn’t been heard of before D. hasn’t been applied to practice
第 12 页 共 16 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
71. What can be concluded about new technology from the passage?
A. Its development is a gradual process. B. Most is the brainchild of a scientist.
C. Not all is accessible to the public. D. Its future is often a top secret.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the
box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you
need.
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given behind. Each sentence can
be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Living off grid
When you need electricity, you just plug in the machine and switch it on. If you need water, you turn on the
tap. ____72____ For many people, these facilities are the basics of civilized society and the idea of living without
them seems risky. Yet for a growing number of people, the idea of living off grid — without electricity, water or
sewage — is an increasingly attractive lifestyle.
Off-gridders do not have to give up electricity or a modern lifestyle — some choose to, but most use small
hydroelectric power systems, solar panels or windmills to generate enough power for their needs. Heating and
cooking needs are met by solar energy or wood burning systems, and toilet facilities range from non-water toilets to
outside compost toilets. ____73____ It ranges from traditional yurts (a type of tent) to luxury house with high-
speed internet and central heating. Whether they live in simple homes or luxury houses, what they all have in
common is that their lifestyles do not create any pollution or carbon emissions — the ultimate goal for off-gridders.
Around 100,000 people are thought to be living off grid in the UK now. ____74____ They grow their own
food, home-school their children and provide their own medical care. They are people who have been priced out of
the housing market or who have grown disillusioned with what modern society can offer and who decides that an
alternative lifestyle isn’t a pipe dream, but a viable option.
A part from living an alternative lifestyle, cost is a big factor in choosing to live off-grid. Off-grid houses are
far cheaper to build than ordinary homes since they don’t need to be connected to the electricity or water supplies
and even road access is not necessary. Materials tend to be cheaper, too. Popular options include straw or old tyres
and cement.
Surprisingly, the biggest problem off-gridders face is not building their homes or becoming self-sufficient but
getting permission to build. Rural areas away from town are the perfect choice but these are often protected by law
from construction of any kind or have building restrictions. There are now several websites dedicated to land-
sharing so that the costs of buying land and getting permission can be shared, and there are increasing numbers of
第 13 页 共 16 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
off-grid communities. ____75____ Off-gridding could soon be common all over Europe and America.
A. Many are self-sufficient, not just providing their own electricity, water and sewage systems, but in all aspects.
B. After you use the toilet, you flush it and the waste disappears.
C. This shift from individual to group off-gridding reflects the fact that the trend is growing noticeably.
D. They live in a huge variety of types of accommodation.
E. Living off-grid still has a long way to go before it becomes a mainstream way of living.
F. Rather than building permanent homes, vans or mobile homes or even old shipping containers are other options.
第Ⅱ卷
Section A (1’×20=20’)
(A)
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given verbs.
Robot Chef Learns to Twirl (旋转) Pizza Like a Pro
Pizza has a proud history of fueling late-night lab work, and scientists in Naples—an Italian city famous for its
pizza—have easy access to some of the world’s tastiest take-out. But what inspires engineer Bruno Siciliano is not
that first bite ___76___ much as how the dish is made.
“Preparing a pizza involves an extraordinary level of agility and dexterity (敏捷和灵巧),” says Siciliano, who
directs a robotics research group at the University of Naples Federico Ⅱ. Stretching a deformable object like a lump
of dough (面团) requires an accurate and gentle touch. It is one of the few things humans can handle, but robots
cannot—yet.
Siciliano’s team ___77___ (develop) a robot able to make a pizza pie. RoDyMan (short for Robotic Dynamic
Manipulation) is a five-year project ___78___ (support) by a €2.5-million grant from the European Research
Council. Like a human chef, RoDyMan must throw the dough into the air to stretch it, ___79___ (follow) it as it
spins and anticipating how it will change shape.
RoDyMan has been working this spring toward a milestone: stretching the dough ___80___ tearing it. To
guide the robot Siciliano’s team asked master pizza chef Enzo Coccia to wear a suit of movement-tracking
,
sensors. “We learn [Coccia’s] motions, and we copy them with RoDyMan,” Sciliano says.
RoDyMan uses visual sensors in its head to track the dough in real time. Using software, it can train ___81___
to handle the pizza like a chef would. The robot ___82___ (map) the dough’s position and tracks how it moves.
Through practice, the robot ___83___ get better—much like humans develop “muscle memory.” Researchers hope
RoDyMan’s technology can lead to a new generation of robots that will perform tasks in ways ___84___ are
accurate and responsive, if not more lifelike.
第 14 页 共 16 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
Yet Siciliano admits that _____85_____ compares with a traditional chef. “I would never eat a pizza made by
a robot,” he says. “It would not have the taste a real pizzaiolo, with his soul, would put in it.”
(B)
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given verbs.
Talking to your therapist over Zoom is as helpful for anxiety and depression as going to in-person therapy.
The virtual session, moreover, can be delivered at lower costs, according to a new study conducted in the U.K.
Online therapy has become more and more prevalent since the COVID pandemic, ____86____ lockdowns
forced lots of therapists online. The new study suggests that one of the biggest benefits of virtual therapy
____87____ be that it can allow people to get treatment faster, which increases their quality of life and reduces the
amount of additional medical care they require.
“The actual cost of mental health care doesn’t come from treating these conditions ____88____ from not
treating them,” says co-author Ana Catarino.
Questions emerge about ____89____ to deliver mental health interventions online best. Catarino and her team
compared ieso’s Internet-delivered CBT, which featured a therapist working one-on-one with patients through a
text chat, ____90____ the other services for anxiety and depression offered by the NHS, which covered a variety of
therapies.
The findings showed that online therapy was ____91____ (effective) than the other forms of care. What was
most interesting was why. The researchers found that patients who were offered the therapist-guided CBT program
got treatment faster. As a result, their quality of life improved more quickly, and they used fewer other medical
services.
The paper is likely to “make a big splash” because the authors showed that the success of the virtual CBT
program was linked to the fact that it provided patients with a therapist’s guidance every step of the way.
It’s not surprising that virtual therapy works well, says Haim Weinberg, a licensed psychologist. Studies
outside the U.K. have found the same, he says. But there is still some bias ____92____ virtual therapy as somehow
second-best, and there are not yet many ____93____ (establish) training programs to get mental health
professionals comfortable with providing care online.
Virtual care won’t be right for every person, but the new study’s results suggest the need to expand access
_____94_____ patients aren’t left waiting for help. These findings stress the importance of developing clinical
interventions that _____95_____ (prove) to be effective and that can be used at scale to match the demand we
know.
Section C (3’+3’+4’+5’=15)
第 15 页 共 16 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the
brackets.
96. 这家餐馆规定，每季度更换一次菜单，以吸引更多顾客。(appeal)(汉译英)
97. 青少年在和同龄人互动时往往能接触到新想法。(expose)(汉译英)
98. 学习策略因人而异，取决于很多因素，最重要的是奏效。(matter v.)(汉译英)
99. 毫无疑问，不管人类文明有多么发达，如果生态平衡被打破，过不了多久我们就会自食其果。(it)(汉译
英)
第 16 页 共 16 页
