文档内容
上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
复旦大学附属中学 2022 学年第二学期高二年级
英语期中考试
I. Listening Comprehension(25’)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the
end of each conversation. a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and
the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it,
read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the
question you have heard.
1. A. At a laundry. B. At a furniture shop. C. At a restaurant. D. At a bus station.
2. A. A hairdresser. B. A waitress. C. A police officer. D. An insurance agent.
3. A. The concert has already been canceled. B. She needs to check first.
C. No ticket is available for next Sunday. D. She is fully occupied next Sunday.
4. A. At20: 25 B. At22: 25. C. At16: 25. D. At18: 25.
5. A. David should invest more in stocks. B. It’s unwise to make such an investment.
C. It’s better for him to take out his savings. D. David has the final say in decision-making.
6. A. To a bank. B. To Macao. C. To a travel agency. D. To a gymnasium.
7. A. The advisor has approved the man’s schedule. B. The man should make an appointment.
C. The advisor must sign the document. D. The man should change his schedule.
8. A. She didn’t show up today. B. She didn’t teach any class today.
C. She usually assigns homework. D. She usually talks quietly.
9. A. His house can accommodate the entire committee. B. The woman should not have made the decision.
C. The meeting should be held at the library. D. A smaller committee should be formed.
10. A. She needs to decide on a method soon. B. She doesn’t have time to collect the data.
C. She prefers to wait until after the election. D. She’ll send out the questionnaire in a month.
Section B
Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and
you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages
and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you
hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best
answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Running round the world. B. Becoming an extraordinary actor.
C. Being selected as a professional runner. D. Setting off on a run from Russian to Africa.
12. A. He doesn’t have the physical strength to carry equipment.
B. He doesn’t have enough running drill to finish the run.
C. He doesn’t have the confidence to conquer his fear of loneliness.
第 1 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
D. He doesn’t have an assistant to back him up.
13. A. Baker could run 60 kilometers a day. B. Baker was willing to sacrifice his life for running.
C. Baker was put off by wild animals. D. Baker could make friends along his way.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. They are of international significance. B. They need keep up with air travel growth.
C. They need meet customer demand. D. They are faced with fierce competition.
15. A. Luxurious residential areas. B. Comfortable accommodation.
C. Convenient access. D. Nearby shopping malls
16. A. Aircraft are noisier than before. B. Aircraft are getting larger in size.
C. Aircraft need much space to land and take off. D. Aircraft need regular examination with engines.
Question 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. The woman’s career development. B. The woman’s contributions as an editor.
C. What the woman thinks of being an editor. D. What has inspired the woman to work for magazines.
18. A. The international actors and directors. B. The wishes of her family.
C. The books she read then. D. Her schoolmates and teachers.
19. A. Its owners eventually bent to her philosophy
B. It prompted her to pursue her own dream.
C. It started to make a profit before she resigned.
D. Its sales volume increased while she was working there.
20. A. She makes serious readers her target audience.
B She makes sure its cover is in line with the content.
.
C. She draws readers’ attention with what’s beyond their reach.
D. She gives its articles an eye-catching opening sentence.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20’)
Section A
1. I’m humbled and grateful for the recognition of the award, but the _________ truly belongs to the amazing vision
of the film’s director.
A. highlight B. credit C. fortune D. merit
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对这个奖项的认可感到谦卑和感激，但荣誉真正属于电影导演的惊
人视野。A. highlight突出；B. credit赞扬；C. fortune运气；D. merit优点。根据前文“the recognition of the
award”以及后文“truly belongs to the amazing vision of the film’s director”可知，此处指荣誉真正属于电影
导演的惊人视野。故选B。
2. Both moral virtue and intellectual virtue are worthwhile human pursuits, but some scholars _________ the former
第 2 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
as a universal need for a healthy civilization.
A. advance B. empathize C. elevate D. approve
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：道德美德和智力美德都是值得人类追求的，但一些学者将前者提升为
健康文明的普遍需求。A. advance（使）前进；B. empathize强调；C. elevate提升；D. approve同意。根据
“Both…and…”可知，前面是将两种美德放在同样的高度上，but形成语义的转折，表明这两种美德之间
存在高度上的差异，道德美德上升到更为重要的层面上，elevate“提升”更符合句意。故选C项。
3. Sociology seems to be saying that those who have wealth and do well do so _________ the poor unfortunate.
A. on top of B. with regard to C. at the expense of D. on account of
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：社会学似乎认为，那些拥有财富并且混得很好的人是以贫穷人的
不幸为代价的。A. on top of在……之上；B. with regard to关于；C. at the expense of以……为代价；D. on
account of因为，由于。结合“the poor unfortunate”可知，此处表示“以……为代价”应为at the expense
of。故选C项。
4. Launching a sugar plantation took a great deal of capital and the planters were always short of money, though most
of them felt they _________ to themselves to live in a gentlemanly way.
A. owed much B. owed C. were owing D. owed it
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查。句意：开办甘蔗种植园需要大量的资金，种植者也总是缺少资金，尽管他们认为自己有必
要以一种绅士的方式生活。根据句意可知，此处意为“认为自己有必要做某事”，表达为owe it to oneself
to do sth.，故选D。
5. In this life, we can _________ and let each day slip past us, or we can take control of our life and make a difference.
A. stand the test of time B. keep up with the times C. go with the flow D. go against the current
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在这一生中，我们可以随波逐流，让每一天从我们身边溜走，或
者我们可以掌控自己的生活，让生活有所不同。A. stand the test of time经历时间的考验；B. keep up with
the times跟上时代；C. go with the flow随波逐流；D. go against the current不随波逐流。根据“and let each
第 3 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
day slip past us,”可知，我们可以随波逐流，让每一天从我们身边溜走。故选C。
6. As a company _________ in networking devices, immense significance should be attached to storage and the
ability to manage it, which is a philosophy that is _________ with our customers very well.
A. specializing; resonating B. specialized; corresponding
C. specializing: identifying D. specialized; integrating
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词词义辨析。句意：作为一家专门从事网络设备的公司，存储和管理存储的
能力应该是非常重要的，这是一种与我们的客户产生共鸣的理念。A. specializing专门从事；resonating共鸣；
B. specialized专门从事；corresponding相一致；C. specializing专门从事；identifying 辨别；D. specialized专
门从事；integrating整合。分析句子结构可知，第一空为非谓语动词作定语，specialize与名词a company之
间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式；第二空与 is 构成定语从句的谓语，结合句意可知，此处表示
“与……产生共鸣”应为resonate，与主语that指代的先行词philosophy之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分
词形式。故选A项。
7. Much recent work in gender equality has _________ the claim that women encounter increasing obstacles
_________ to men as they move up the organizational ladder in business.
A. tested; related B. objected; relative C. examined; relative D. questioned; related
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析和形容词词义辨析。句意：最近的很多研究都调查了这样一种说法：在企业
中，女性在晋升过程中遇到的障碍相对于男性会越来越多。A. tested测试；related相关的；B. objected发
对；relative相比较而言的；C. examined调查；relative相比较而言的；D. questioned质问；related相关
的。由“the claim”可知，此处表示“最近的很多研究都调查了这样一种说法”，第一空意为“调查”，是
examined；由“to men”可知，此处表示“和男性相比较而言”，因此第二空意为“相比较而言”，是
relative。故选C。
8. Leaders often have multiple agendas that _________. For example, they need to consider _________ a particular
speech is intended to persuade uncommitted voters or attract favorable media coverage.
A. beg the question; whether B. are worth the effort; how
C pull in different directions; whether D. go to great lengths; how
.
【答案】C
第 4 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
【解析】
【详解】考查短语词义辨析和宾语从句的连接词。句意：领导总是有很多目标迥异的议程。比如说，他们
需要考虑一个特定的演讲是为了说服尚未表态的选民还是为了吸引有利的媒体报道。A. beg the question回
避问题实质；B. are worth the effort值得努力的；C. pull in different directions目标迥异；D. go to great
lengths不遗余力。根据句意可知，空1：此处意为“朝着不同方向的”，故应用短语pull in different
directions。空2：根据句意和后文的or可知，此处为whether...or...结构，故应用whether“是否”引导宾语
从句。故选C。
9. Not every leisured aristocrat becomes demoralized. The emperor Hirohito, instead of _______ a decadent life, was
devoted to marine biology, a field _________ he became distinguished.
A. slipping into; in which B. getting hold of; that
C. getting in the way of; where D. slipping in; of which
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析和定语从句。句意：并非所有的闲贵族都会变得意志消沉。例如Hirohito
天皇就没有沉湎于颓废的生活，而是投身于海洋生物学，并取得了成就。根据句意可知，空1：此处意为
“沉湎于，陷入”，故应用短语slip into；空2：此处引导定语从句，先行词为field，在定语从句中作地点
状语，故应用where/in which引导。故选A。
10. Getting back into exercise can be a challenge in the best of times, but with gyms and _______ exercise classes
off-limits to many people due to the pandemic, it can be _______ to know where to start.
A. personalized; arduous B. interpersonal; slippery
C. personal; disturbing D. in-person; tricky
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如何在最好的时间重新开始训练可能是一个挑战，但是这段时间因
为新冠的关系健身房和当面的训练课限制人数，到底从哪里开始训练就比较棘手了。第一空A.
personalized针对个人的；B. interpersonal人际的；C. personal个人的；D. in-person当面的。此处表示“面
对面的锻炼课程”应用in-person；第二空A. arduous困难的；B. slippery打滑的；C. disturbing烦人的；D.
tricky棘手的。根据后文“to know where to start.”可知很棘手，故选D。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note
that there is one word more than you need.
第 5 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
How to get used to gender-neutral language
A. relate B. addressed C. constant D. filter E. trickier F. switch
G. evolving H. inclusive I. apply J. sustaining K. preferred
Gender is a huge part of life. It affects everything. The world is in a(n) ___11___ state of change, and so is our
understanding of gender. Therefore, it’s important to make sure the way we speak and refer to people helps to
legitimise and support that change. In accordance with the change, a team at the language learning app Babbel has
developed a guide on gender-neutral language, to help us incorporate it into our everyday speech. Unlike gendered
language, gender-neutral language will ___12___ to anyone and everyone.
But moving towards gender-neutral language requires conscious thought and effort. Though some English words
are already gender-neutral, which makes it fairly easy to use them, things get ___13___ when we come to pronouns.
Gender is a huge factor when we talk about people. To save ourselves repeating people’s names, we ___14___
to pronouns like “he” or “she”. This can make it very difficult to describe people in a neutral manner, particularly if
they are non-binary or prefer to be referred to in the neutral. Today, people increasingly opt for the “they” pronoun.
This is logical since we tend to use this language anyway if we don’t know the gender of someone we’re talking
about. Some people may overlook these concerns as trivial, but we simply must be aware of the discussion. More
often than not, we consider language as the primary ___15___ through which we perceive the world. Therefore, it
obviously affects how we ___16___ to and make judgement about others. Part of any attempt to create a society in
which all people have equal opportunities and freedoms is to use language that no longer excludes certain groups or
creates unconscious bias. On top of this, people do have a right to dictate how they are ___17___ -—especially if it
is tied to their identity. Understanding gender-neutral pronouns and words is extremely important; in order to
recognize, respect and support non-binary people and to be ___18___ .
Mostly, it’s important to be mindful of new or ___19___ gender-neutral terms as and when they begin to arise.
For example, in more recent years, the word actor has been used in place of actress. Similarly, flight attendant has
been ___20___ to stewardess for quite some time. We now increasingly sec titles that once ended in-man, -ress and-
ette falling out of use in favour of gender-ncutral variants. People of all genders do the same jobs, and they do them
equally well. It’s wonderful to see that our language is reflecting that. Over time we might see the gender-neutral
terms become the norm with the majority of the language we utilise.
【答案】11. C 12. I 13. E 14. F 15. D 16. A 17. B 18. H 19. G 20. K
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何习惯中性语言以及语言对关系的影响。
第 6 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：世界处于不断变化的状态，我们对性别的理解也是如此。作定语修饰state，结合句意
表示“不断”应用形容词constant。故填constant。故选C。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：与性别语言不同，中性语言适用于任何人和所有人。作谓语，表示“应用于”应用
apply to。故填apply。故选I。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：虽然一些英语单词已经是中性的，这使得使用它们相当容易，但当我们谈到代词时，
事情就变得更棘手了。作表语，表示“更棘手”应用形容词比较级trickier。故填trickier。故选E。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：为了避免重复别人的名字，我们会改用“他”或“她”这样的代词。作谓语，表示“改
变”应用动词switch，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为we，谓语用原形。故填switch。故选F。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：通常情况下，我们认为语言是我们感知世界的主要过滤器。作宾语，结合句意表示“过
滤器”应用名词filter，此处为特指应用单数。故填filter。故选D。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意：因此，它显然会影响我们与他人的关系和对他人的判断。作谓语，结合句意表示“与他
人的关系”可知短语为relate to。故填relate。故选A。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：最重要的是，人们确实有权决定如何称呼他们——特别是如果这与他们的身份有关。作
谓语，结合句意表示“称呼”应用动词address，与主语构成被动关系，结合are可知为一般现在时的被动
语态，故填addressed。故选B。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：理解中性代词和单词是非常重要的；为了承认，尊重和支持非二元性的人，并具有包
容性。作表语，结合句意表示“包容性”应用形容词inclusive。故填inclusive。故选H。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：大多数情况下，重要的是要注意新的或正在发展的中性术语，当它们开始出现
时。结合句意表示“正在发展”应用evolving，作定语，故填evolving。故选G。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：同样，在相当长的一段时间里，flight attendant一直比stewardess更受欢迎。作谓语，表
示“受欢迎”应用动词prefer，结合上文has been可知为现在完成时的被动语态。故填preferred。故选
第 7 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
K。
III. Reading Comprehension(45’)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,
B. C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Many of the world’s most brilliant scientific minds were also fantastically weird. From Pythagoras’outright ban
on beans to Benjamin Franklin’s naked ‘air baths’, the path to greatness is paved with some truly ___21___ habits.
Scientists are increasingly realizing that intelligence is less about genetic luck than we tend to think. According to
the latest review of the evidence, around 40% of what distinguishes the brainiacs from the blockheads in adulthood
is ___22___ . Like it or not, our daily habits have a powerful influence on our brains, shaping their structure and
changing the way we think.
Of all history’s great minds, arguably the master of combining genius with unusual habits was Albert Einstein.
So what better person to study for clues to ___23___ behaviors to try ourselves? Could there be any benefits in
following Einstein’s sleep, diet, and even ___24___ choices?
GOOD SLEEP
It’s common knowledge that sleep is good for your brain, and Einstein took this advice more seriously than
most. He reportedly slept for at least 10 hours per day. But can you really sleep your way to a ___25___ mind?
Many of the most radical breakthroughs in human history, including the periodic table and Einstein’s theory of
special relativity, have supposedly occurred while their discoverer was ___26___ . The latter came to Einstein while
he was dreaming about cows being electrocuted.
DAILY WALK
Besides, Einstein’s daily walk was sacred to him. While he was working at Princeton University, New Jersey,
he’d walk the mile and a half journey there and back. He followed in the footsteps of other ___27___ walkers,
including Darwin, who went for three 45minute walks every day. These short walks weren’t just for ___28___ .
There’s plenty of evidence that walking can boost memory, creativity and problem-solving.
EATING SPAGHETTI
So what do geniuses eat? Alas, it’s not clear what ___29___ Einstein’s extraordinary mind, though the Internet
somewhat dubiously claims it was spaghetti.
It’s well known that the brain is a food-guzzling greedy guts, consuming 20%of the body’s energy though it
only _____30_____ 2% of its weight. Just like the rest of the body, the brain prefers to snack on simple sugars, which
can give the brain a valuable boost, but unfortunately this doesn’t mean eating spaghetti _____31_____ is a good
idea.
第 8 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
NO SOCKS
No list of Einstein’s eccentricities would be complete without a mention of his _____32_____ of socks. “When
I was young,” he wrote in a letter to his cousin-and later, wife-Elsa, “I found out that the big toe always ends up
making a hole in a sock. So I stopped wearing socks.”
_____33_____ , there haven’t been any studies looking directly at the impact of going sockless, but changing
into casual clothing, _____34_____ a more formal outfit, has been linked to poor performance on tests of abstract
thinking.
And what better way to end that with some advice from the man himself. “The important thing is not to stop
_____35_____ . Curiosity has its own reason for existing,” he told LIFE magazine in 1955.
21. A. beneficial B. crucial C. peculiar D. particular
22. A. environmental B. cultural C. cognitive D. genetic
23. A. self-regulating B. life-shaping C. health-promoting D. mind-enhancing
24. A. fashion B. career C. life D. education
25. A. stronger B. sharper C. more conscious D. more conscientious
26. A. unconscious B. distracted C. confused D. disturbed
27. A. unnoticed B. resourceful C. deliberate D. devoted
28. A. fitness B. passion C. breakthroughs D. clarity
29. A. constituted B. fueled C. enriched D. advanced
30. A. accounts for B. makes up for C. consists of D. adds up to
31. A. every once in a while B. to your heart’s content C. to some extent D. more often than not
32. A. discrimination B. disobedience C. dislike D. discretion
33. A. Regrettably B. Alternatively C. Fortunately D. Consequently
34. A. accompanied by B. coupled with C. in line with D. as opposed to
35. A. chasing B. believing C. persevering D. questioning
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. A
31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要以爱因斯坦为例，说明日常习惯对大脑有着强大的影响，塑造了它们的
结构，改变了我们的思维方式。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从完全禁止信徒食用豆子的毕达哥拉斯（Pythagoras），到进行裸体“空气浴”
第 9 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
本杰明·富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin），这些科学家在通往伟大的道路上都不乏有一些非常奇怪的嗜好。A.
beneficial 有益的；B. crucial 至关重要的；C. peculiar 怪异的；D. particular 特殊的。根据上文中的“From
Pythagoras’outright ban on beans to Benjamin Franklin’s naked ‘air baths’”可知，此处指的是这些伟人的“怪
异”行为。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最新研究证明，决定你成年后是天才还是傻瓜的因素中，40％是环境因素。
A. environmental环境的；B. cultural文化的C. cognitive认识的；D. genetic遗传的。根据下文中的“Like it or
not, our daily habits have a powerful influence on our brains”可知，我们的日常习惯对大脑有强大的影响，结
合选项，此处为environmental表示“环境的”符合语境。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，如果要找一个研究对象，寻找可以让大脑更聪明的行为，就没有比爱
因斯坦更适合的人选了。A. self-regulating自动调节的；B. life-shaping塑造生活的；C. health-promoting提
升健康的；D. mind-enhancing提升心智的。根据上文中的“arguably the master of combining genius with
unusual habits”可知，习惯与智慧结合在一起的是爱因斯坦，由此可知，此处指的是用习惯“提升大脑”。
故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么我们能从爱因斯坦的睡眠、饮食，甚至时尚选择中学到点什么吗？A. fashion
时尚；B. career职业生涯；C. life生活；D. education教育。根据上文中的“Einstein’s sleep, diet, and even”
并结合下文讲述的各方面的怪异形为中的“NO SOCKS”可知，此处与“时尚”有关。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们真的能靠睡觉变聪明吗？A. stronger更强大的；B. sharper更敏锐
的；C. more conscious更有意识的；D. more conscientious更勤勉的。根据上文中的“It’s common knowledge
that sleep is good for your brain”并结合该部分讲述的睡眠促进大脑可知，此处指的是“更敏锐的”思维。故
选B项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：据说，人类历史上的许多最具颠覆性的突破，比如发现元素周期表以及爱因
斯坦的狭义相对论，都得益于发现者无意识间获得的灵感.。A. unconscious无意识的；B. distracted注意力
分散的；C. confused迷惑的；D. disturbed不安的。根据下文中的“The latter came to Einstein while he was
dreaming about cows being electrocuted.”可知，爱因斯坦的狭义相对论是在睡梦中出现的，由此可知，此处
为“无意识的”符合语境。故选A项。
【27题详解】
第 10 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：爱因斯坦跟随其他忠诚的散步者的脚步，其中就包括了达尔文（Darwin），达
尔文每天要散步三次，每次持续45分钟。A. unnoticed未注意的；B. resourceful机敏的；C. deliberate故意
的；D. devoted 挚爱的，忠诚的。根据下文中的“who went for three 45minute walks every day”可知，此处
用devoted walkers表示“忠诚的散步者”。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些短距离的散步不仅仅是为了健身。A. fitness 健康；B. passion 激情；C.
breakthroughs突破；D. clarity清晰。根据上文中的“These short walks”以及常识可知，散步是为了“健康”，
下文中“There’s plenty of evidence that walking can boost memory, creativity and problem-solving.”表明，散步
不仅有助于“健康”还能增强记忆力，创造力和解决问题的能力。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：很可惜，我们还不清楚爱因斯坦是吃什么来为大脑提供养分的，不过互联网上
盛传一种可疑的说法，即爱因斯坦提升智慧的方法是吃意大利面。A. constituted构成；B. fueled给……提
供燃料；增强；C. enriched丰富；D. advanced推进。根据本段主题“EATING SPAGHETTI”可知，本段
讲述的是饮食方面的怪异行为对大脑的影响。结合下文中的“Einstein’s extraordinary mind, though the
Internet somewhat dubiously claims it was spaghetti.”可知，此处指的是爱因斯坦吃什么为大脑提供养分。故
选B项。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：众所周知，大脑是个贪恋美食的馋鬼，虽然只占身体重量的2%，却消耗着
身体中20%的能量。A. accounts for占比……；B. makes up for弥补；C. consists of由……组成。D. adds up to
合计达……。根据“It’s well known that the brain is a food-guzzling greedy guts, consuming 20%of the body’s
energy”可知，此处讲述的是大脑只占身体重量的20%。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：就像身体的其他部分一样，大脑也喜欢吃单糖，这可以给大脑带来宝贵的
促进作用，但不幸的是，这并不意味着尽情地吃意大利面是个好主意。A. every once in a while偶尔，时常；
B. to your heart’s content尽兴地；C. to some extent某种程度上；D. more often than not通常情况下。根据上
文中的“the brain prefers to snack on simple sugars, which can give the brain a valuable boost”可知，大脑喜欢
甜食，这对大脑有促进作用，结合“but unfortunately”可知，此处讲述的应是这并不意味着可以“尽情地”
吃意大利面。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在列举爱因斯坦的怪癖时，如果不写上他对袜子的极度厌恶，那这个怪癖单显
然是不完整的。A. discrimination歧视；B. disobedience不服从；C. dislike厌恶；D. discretion谨慎；慎重。
第 11 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
根据下文中的““I found out that the big toe always ends up making a hole in a sock. So I stopped wearing socks.””
可知，此处指的是他对袜子的“厌恶”。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人遗憾的是，尚未出现任何直接针对不穿袜子的影响进行的研究，但已经有
研究表明，换上休闲服装，而不是更正式的服装之后，人们在抽象思维测试中的表现会变得糟糕。A.
Regrettably令人遗憾的是；B. Alternatively要不，或者；C. Fortunately幸运地；D. Consequently因此。根据
下文中的“there haven’t been any studies looking directly at the impact of going sockless”可知，没有任何证据
证明不穿袜子的影响，这应该是“遗憾地”。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查短语词义辨析。句意：令人遗憾的是，尚未出现任何直接针对不穿袜子的影响进行的研究，但已经有
研究表明，换上休闲服装，而不是更正式的服装之后，人们在抽象思维测试中的表现会变得糟糕。A.
accompanied by连同；B. coupled with加上，外加；C. in line with与……一致；D. as opposed to与……截然
相反；对照。根据空前的“changing into casual clothing”与空后的“a more formal outfit”的可知，空前后内
容意义相反，所以应为“与……截然相反”符合语境。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“最重要的是，不要停止发问；好奇心的存在是有原因的，”1955年爱因斯坦
接受《生活》杂志采访时说道。A. chasing追逐；B. believing相信；C. persevering坚持；D. questioning质疑。
根据下文中的“Curiosity has its own reason for existing” he told LIFE magazine in 1955.”可知，好奇心就是
要不断提出“质疑”。故选D项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose
the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So,
as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.
Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong
with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing.
and I think I know what it is: accountability.
My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose
it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external control on people’s behavior is far less effective than
internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment. Fortunately there are still communities-smaller towns,
第 12 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
usually — where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: “In this family
certain things are not tolerated. They simply are not done! ” Yet more and more, especially in our large cities and
suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property.
He takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him.
The main cause of this breakdown is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago if a crime was committed,
,
society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized: by
his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didn’t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him
with moral guidance, by the parents who didn’t provide a stable home.
I don’t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal
activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where
no one accepts responsibility for anything.
Americans desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one
responsible for it.
36. Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have ________
A more tolerance of difference. B. more respect for privacy.
.
C. less effective governance. D. less self-discipline.
37. According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime in contemporary society, ________
A. multiple contributing factors are to be held accountable. B. the person’s upbringing is in part to blame.
C. moral guidance and stable homes should be provided. D. the criminal himself should bear the blame.
38. The writer is sorry to have noticed that ________
A. nowadays people lean towards excusing criminals.
B. more people are committing crimes because they have nothing.
C. people no longer empathize with people in difficulty.
D. disadvantaged people are engaged in criminal activities.
39. The key point of the passage is that ________
A. stricter discipline should be maintained in urban communities.
B. more good examples should be set for people to follow.
C. more people should accept the value of accountability.
D. more restrictions should be imposed to curb crime.
【答案】36. D 37. D 38. A 39. C
第 13 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章从一名警察的角度分析了美国犯罪活动猖獗的原因，文章认为问责制很重
要，应当加以重视。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Yet more and more, especially in our large cities and suburbs, these inner restraints
are loosening.(然而，越来越多的人，尤其是在大城市和郊区，这些内在的限制正在松动)”可知，与小城镇
的人相比，大城市的人自律能力较差。故选D。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have
never learned, to impose it on themselves.(作为一名警察，我的工作就是把责任强加给那些拒绝或从未学会自
己承担责任的人)”可知，作者认为，在当代社会，如果一个人被判有罪，罪犯自己应该承担责任。故选
D。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim.
Now, in a shocking reversal, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by
the school that didn’t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents
who didn’t provide a stable home.(30年前，如果发生犯罪，社会被认为是受害者。现在，在一个令人震惊的
逆转中，罪犯被认为是受害者：他贫穷的成长环境，没有教他阅读的学校，没有给他道德指导的教堂，没
有给他提供稳定家庭的父母)”以及倒数第二段“If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we
become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.(如果我们免除罪犯的责
任，即使是部分免除，我们的社会就会变成一个充满无穷借口的社会，没有人愿意为任何事情承担责任)”
可知，作者遗憾地注意到，现在人们倾向于为罪犯开脱。故选A。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something
has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key
ingredient is disappearing. and I think I know what it is: accountability.(日复一日，我和我的手下奋力遏制犯罪
浪潮。我们曾经引以为豪的美国生活方式出现了严重的问题。它发生在价值观领域。一个关键因素正在消
失。我想我知道那是什么：问责制)”以及最后一段“Americans desperately need more people who believe
that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.(美国人迫切需要更多的人相信犯罪的人应该
对犯罪负责)”结合文章从一名警察的角度分析了美国犯罪活动猖獗的原因，文章认为问责制很重要，应当
加以重视。可知，这篇文章的重点是更多的人应该接受问责制的价值。故选C。
第 14 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
(B)
Researchers used to think brain-to-body-size ratio revealed intelligence because it showed how a species devoted
energy to its brain. They were utterly wrong. Other ratios better predict smarts, but there’s still no perfect metric.
This ranking, by brain-to-body ratio, shows just how little we know about, well, knowing stuff.
1. Ants: 1: 7
There’s a reason why ants think as a group. With just 250, 000 brain cells per soldier, it takes a colony to rival
the total neurons found in one human. Like all tiny creatures, their brains are enormous only when compared with
their tiny bodies. Brains can be only so small and still function.
2. Tree Shrews: 1: 10
Lest you think this metric falls apart only in the insect world, the noble tree shrew has the highest brain-to-body
ratio of any mammal despite its small size. Ten percent of its body weight is brain matter. But if these animals are
smarter than people, they sure keep quiet about it.
3. Humans: 1: 40
As part of the ongoing effort to put human intellect on top, some scientists argue we should abandon brain-to-
body in favor of “encephalization quotient,” or EQ, which quantifies brain mass relative to the average for animals
of that type and size. Ours are 7. 4 times larger than expected.
4. Dolphins: 1: 78
Bottlenose dolphins’ ratio isn’t much to boast. They do better with EQ, clocking in around four or five times
larger than average for their kind. Their smarts might be due in part to spindle cells—large neurons thought to enable
complex behaviors in great apes and a select few other species.
5. Dogs: 1: 125
If man’s best friend seems less smart than his wild cousins, it might be because a wolf-size dog has a significantly
smaller brain. We’ve bred them to a state of everlasting puppydom, so while one can hunt for itself, the other gets
treats by being a very good boy. Who can say which species came out ahead?
6. Great whites: 1: 2, 500
Often dismissed as having a walnut-size brain, the great white actually has a larger, decentralized organ, Y-
第 15 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
shaped and 2 feet long. Humans have around 62. 5 times more brain mass per pound of flesh, but a shark’s gray
matter seems focused on specific skills—like smelling out seal blood.
40. The brain-to-body-size ratios are ranked in order to ________
A. hold readers’ interest by being scientific
B. capture the proportional relationship between the brain and intelligence
C. explain that intelligence is not necessarily linked to brain size
D. reveal that the larger the brain, the more energy a species devote
41. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence?
A. Tree shrews can make high-pitched sounds.
B. Tree shrews are no smarter than humans.
C. Smart as tree shrews are, they tend to keep quiet about it.
D. Humans should keep low-profile as tree shrews do.
42. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Our human intellect comes out on top if measured by brain-to-body ratio
B. Thanks to spindle cells, dolphins can perform the same behaviors as great apes are capable of.
C. Despite their smaller brains, dogs are smarter than wolves because they are bred by humans.
D. The great whites’ decentralized organ contributes to its certain skills.
【答案】40. C 41. B 42. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了研究者过去认为，大脑与身体的比例解释了智力，文章通过一些排名，
推翻了这一观点。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“They were utterly wrong. Other ratios better predict smarts, but there’s still no
perfect metric. This ranking, by brain-to-body ratio, shows just how little we know about, well, knowing stuff.(他
们完全错了。其他比率可能更好地预测智力，但仍然没有完美的指标。这个排名，根据大脑与身体的比
例，显示了我们对知识的了解是多么得少。)”可知，文中将大脑与身体的比例排名是为了解释智力与大脑
的大小关系并不紧密，故选C。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段划线句前的内容“Lest you think this metric falls apart only in the insect world,
the noble tree shrew has the highest brain-to-body ratio of any mammal despite its small size. Ten percent of its
body weight is brain matter. (为了避免你认为这一指标只在昆虫世界中适用，尽管体型较小，但高贵的树鼩
第 16 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
的脑体是在所有哺乳动物中最高的。它体重的10%是大脑物质。)”可知，前文拿树鼩举例，说明树鼩的大
脑是动物中最高的来推翻文章第一段提出的大脑的比例揭示了智力这一观点，故可推知此处划线句“But if
these animals are smarter than people, they sure keep quiet about it.”的意为“树鼩并不比人类聪明”，故选
C。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Often dismissed as having a walnut-size brain, the great white actually has a
larger, decentralized organ, Y-shaped and 2 feet long. Humans have around 62. 5 times more brain mass per pound
of flesh, but a shark’s gray matter seems focused on specific skills—like smelling out seal blood.(大白鲨通常被认
为有核桃大小的大脑，实际上它有着一个更大的、分散的器官，Y型的，2英尺长。人类每磅肉的大脑质
量大约是鲨鱼的62.5倍，但鲨鱼的灰质似乎专注于特定的技能，——比如说嗅出海豹的血)”可知，大白
鲨的技能与其大脑的大小无关，而是分散的器官造就了它特定的技能，故选D项。
(C)
While human achievements in mathematics continue to reach new levels of complexity, many of us who aren’t
mathematicians at heart or engineers by trade, may struggle to remember the last time we used calculus (微积分).
It’s a fact not lost on American educators, who faced with rising math failure rates are debating how math can
better meet the real-life needs of students. Should we change the way math is taught in schools, or climinate some
courses entirely?
Andrew Hacker, Queens College political science professor, thinks that advanced algebra and other higher-
level math should be cut from curricula in favor of courses with more routine usefulness, like statistics.
“We hear on all sides that we’re not teaching enough mathematics, and the Chinese are running rings around
us,” Hacker says. “I’m suggesting we’re teaching too much mathematics to too many people. . . not everybody has
to know calculus. If you’re going to become an aeronautical engineer, fine. But most of us aren’t.”
Instead, Hacker is pushing for more courses like the one he teaches at Queens College: Numeracy 101. There,
his students of “citizen statistics” learn to analyze public information like the government budget and corporate
reports. Such courses, Hacker argues, are a remedy for the numerical illiteracy of adults who have completed high-
level math like algebra but are unable to calculate the price of, say, a carpet by area.
Hacker’s argument has met with opposition from other math educators who say what’s needed is to help
students develop a better relationship with math earlier, rather than teaching them less math altogether.
Maria Droujkova is a founder of Natural Math, and has taught basic calculus concepts to 5-year-olds. For
Droujkova, high-level math is important, and what it could use in American classrooms is an injection of childlike
wonder. “Make mathematics more available,” Droujkova says. “Redesign it so it’s more accessible to more kinds
第 17 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
of people: young children, adults who worry about it, adults who may have had bad experiences.”
Pamela Harris, a lecturer at the University of Texas at Austin, has a similar perspective. Harris says that
American education is suffering from a widespread phenomenon called“fake math”-an emphasis on the rote
memorization of formulas and steps, rather than an understanding of how math can influence the ways we see the
world.
Andrew Hacker, for the record, still has his doubts. “I’m going to leave it to those who are in mathematics to
work out the ways to make their subject interesting and exciting so students want to take it,” Hacker says. “All that
I ask is that alternatives be offered instead of putting all of us on the road to calculus.”
43. What does the author say about Americans educators?
A. They are to blame for Americans’ rising math failure rates.
B. They are making math too complex to be taught to ordinary Americans.
C. They find high-level math fail to meet students’ practical needs.
D. They are struggling to remember how to use calculus.
44. Which of the following approach to math does Andrew Hacker agree with?
A. Expose students to high-level math earlier in their school years.
B. Enable students to make use of basic math in real-life situations.
C. Lay a solid foundation for statistics to compensate for numerical illiteracy.
D. Help students to develop their analytical skills by calculating the price of a carpet by area.
45. Maria Droujkova and Pamela Harris will both agree that ________
A. options to learn high-level math should be left open
B. learning math is interesting and accessible to everyone
C. those with trouble learning math should try a new approach
D. the earlier you start to learn math, the better.
46. The best title for the passage should be ________
A. Numeracy 101: A Cure for Mathematical Illiteracy
B. No More Fake Math: How to Teach Math to Kids
C. Be Practical: Stop Requiring Advanced Math in Schools
D. To Remove or To Keep: A Debate Over High-level Math Education
【答案】43. B 44. B 45. A 46. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要针对高等数学是否应该取消展开，论述了不同专家对此的不同看法。
第 18 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“While human achievements in mathematics continue to reach new levels of
complexity, many of us who aren’t mathematicians at heart or engineers by trade, may struggle to remember the
last time we used calculus (微积分).(虽然人类在数学方面的成就不断达到新的复杂程度，但我们中的许多
人，本质上不是数学家，也不是工程师，可能很难记起我们上次使用微积分是什么时候)”可知，作者认为
美国教育家把数学弄得太复杂了，以至于普通美国人都教不了。故选B。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Andrew Hacker, Queens College political science professor, thinks that advanced
algebra and other higher-level math should be cut from curricula in favor of courses with more routine usefulness,
like statistics.(皇后学院政治学教授Andrew Hacker认为，高等代数和其他更高水平的数学应该从课程中剔
除，转而选择更实用的课程，比如统计学)”以及第四段“Such courses, Hacker argues, are a remedy for the
numerical illiteracy of adults who have completed high-level math like algebra but are unable to calculate the price
of, say, a carpet by area.(Hacker认为，这类课程是对一些成年人的数字文盲的一种补救措施，这些成年人已
经完成了代数等高级数学，但不会计算地毯的面积价格)”可知，Andrew Hacker认同的教学方法是使学生
能够在实际生活中运用基本的数学知识。故选B。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“For Droujkova, high-level math is important, and what it could use in American
classrooms is an injection of childlike wonder. “Make mathematics more available,” Droujkova says. “Redesign it
so it’s more accessible to more kinds of people: young children, adults who worry about it, adults who may have
had bad experiences.”(对Droujkova来说，高水平数学很重要，它可以在美国的课堂上注入孩子般的好奇
心。“让数学更容易获得，” Droujkova说。“重新设计它，让更多类型的人更容易接触到它：小孩子、
担心它的成年人、可能有过不好经历的成年人。”)”以及倒数第二段“Pamela Harris, a lecturer at the
University of Texas at Austin, has a similar perspective.(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的讲师Pamela Harris也有类
似的观点)”可知，两者都认为学习高级数学的选择应该是开放的。故选A。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“While human achievements in mathematics continue to reach new levels of
complexity, many of us who aren’t mathematicians at heart or engineers by trade, may struggle to remember the
last time we used calculus (微积分). It’s a fact not lost on American educators, who faced with rising math failure
rates are debating how math can better meet the real-life needs of students. Should we change the way math is
taught in schools, or climinate some courses entirely?(虽然人类在数学方面的成就不断达到新的复杂程度，但
我们中的许多人，本质上不是数学家，也不是工程师，可能很难记起我们上次使用微积分是什么时候。面
第 19 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
对数学不良率不断上升的问题，美国的教育工作者们正在讨论数学如何才能更好地满足学生的现实需求。
我们是否应该改变学校教授数学的方式，或者完全取消一些课程？)”结合文章主要针对高等数学是否应该
取消展开，论述了不同专家对此的不同看法。可知，D选项“取消还是保留：关于高等数学教育的争论”
最符合文章标题。故选D。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the
box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you
need.
In the fog of uncertainty about how new technology will change the way we work, policymakers around the
world have flocked to the same idea. No matter what the future brings, they say confidently, we will need to upskill
the workforce in order to cope.
The view sounds reassuringly sensible. If computers are growing smarter, humans will need to learn to use them
to humans’ advantage. Otherwise, they may run the risk of being replaced by computers. ___47___ .
Research published by the Social Mobility Commission shows that workers with degrees are over three times
more likely to participate in training as adults than workers with no qualifications. That creates a virtuous circle for
those who did well at school, and vicious circle for those who did not. If the robots are coming for both the accountants
and the taxi drivers, you can bet the bean counters will be more able to retrain themselves out of danger.
___48___ In the UK, the government introduced an “apprenticeship levy” a few years ago in an attempt to force
employers to spend more on training. A surprising number have responded by sending their senior managers on
“apprenticeships” at business schools.
It is no good criticizing employers for directing investments at their highly skilled workers. They are simply
aiming for the highest return they can get. And, for some types of lower-paid work, it is not always true that
technological progress requires more skills. The UK’s latest Employment and Skills Survey, which is performed
every five years, suggests the use of literacy and numeracy skills at work has fallen since 2012, even as the use of
computers has increased. The trouble is, when the computer makes your job easier one day, it might make it
unnecessary the next. Many of those affected by automation will need to switch occupations, or even industries.
___49___
It is time to revisit older ideas. The UK once had an energetic culture of night schools, for adults to attend after
their day jobs. These institutions have been disappearing due to funding cuts. But a revival of night schools could be
exactly what the 21st century needs. ___50___ They can also explore interests they never had a chance to nurture
before.
It is still not clear whether the impact of new technology on the labour market will come in a trickle or aflood.
第 20 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
But in an already unequal world, continuing to reserve all the lifeboats for the better-off would be a dangerous mistake.
A. Employers also invest more in better educated workers by launching employer-sponsored cmployee education
programs.
B. According to an Oxford University study, nowadays employers are more likely to hire the first-year apprentices.
C. Rather than just “upskilling” in a narrow way, people could choose to learn an entirely new skill or trade.
D. But the truth is, the people who are being “upskilled” in today’s economy are the ones who need it the least.
E. People can effectively train or upskill themselves to meet their specific professional needs.
F. But a retailer or warehouse company is not going to retrain its staff to help them move to a different sector.
【答案】47. D 48. A 49. F 50. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章针对通常看法“需提升劳动人口技能以应对自动化浪潮”指出，现实中
技能提升的机会往往向高学历者倾斜，应为真正面临危机的低学历者提供再培训机会。
【47题详解】
根据空前“The view sounds reassuringly sensible. If computers are growing smarter, humans will need to learn to
use them to humans’ advantage. Otherwise, they may run the risk of being replaced by computers.(这一观点听上
去合乎情理，令人放心：如果电脑变得越来越智能，人类就必须学会利用它们。否则，人们就冒着被电脑
取代的风险。)”可知，空前提出这一观点听上去似乎合乎情理，故此空应反驳并提出观点，故D项“但
是事实却是，在现在这个经济时代，得到技能提升的往往是在这方面需求最小的群体。”符合，首先退步
承认通常做法有合理性，随后指出这一做法的受益群体是最不需要这一帮助的人，故选D项。
【48题详解】
根据空后“In the UK, the government introduced an “apprenticeship levy” a few years ago in an attempt to force
employers to spend more on training. A surprising number have responded by sending their senior managers on
“apprenticeships” at business schools. (在英国，政府在几年前开始实施‘学徒税’，试图强制雇主加大培训投
入。对此，竟有相当数量的雇主将高管送到商学院当‘学徒’。)”可知，空后举例说明雇主将高管送去培
训的事例，故A项“通过实施雇主赞助的员工教育项目，雇主也对受教育程度更高的雇员的投入更多。”
符合，此处指出雇主更愿意在高学历雇员身上投入更多，空后借“学徒税”的实施情况举例证明，故选A
项。
【49题详解】
根据空前“The trouble is, when the computer makes your job easier one day, it might make it unnecessary the
next. Many of those affected by automation will need to switch occupations, or even industries.(问题在于，如果
电脑今天让你的工作变得容易，那它明天可能就会让你的工作变得多余。受到自动化影响的许多人将需要
第 21 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
更换职业，甚至更换行业。)”可知，本段提出雇主偏袒高学历雇员是情有可原的，但是单纯培训也不能解
决低技能的危机，因此受到自动化影响的人需要更换行业，故此处F项“但是零售公司或批发店可不会为
员工提供帮助他们转行的再培训。”符合，前文表明培训也不能解决低技能的危机，但是大部分雇主也确
实不想培训低技能工人，故选F项。
【50题详解】
根据空前“These institutions have been disappearing due to funding cuts. But a revival of night schools could be
exactly what the 21st century needs.(这些机构由于资金削减已经奄奄一息。但是，夜校的复兴可能正是21世
纪所需要的。)”可知，空前提出夜校是自动化浪潮面前的良好解决方法，应当扶持，故此处C项“人们
并不是在进行狭义上的‘技能提升’，而是选择一门全新的技能或者手艺。”符合，空前提出夜校是一个
良好的解决方法，此处进一步说明夜校的好处，学习新的技能或手艺，故选C项。
IV. Productive Grammar(10’)
Directions: After reading the passage below. fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically
correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other
blanks, use ONE word that best fits each blank.
Conquering the Scientific World, Dr. Roberto Crea
Although the scientists that brought a revolution into human life are no more, there remain a few who are
following in their footsteps to find permanent solutions to persistent human life problems and add value, ease, and
comfort to people’s lives. ____51____ fits the context perfectly is worth worshiping. And Dr. Roberto Crea is the
one of them.
Born on July 1, 1948, in Italy, Roberto Crea was a genius kid. ____52____(graduate) from the University of
Pavia in Italy, he moved to the Netherlands for his specialization later on and finally enrolled at the University of
Leiden, where he studied the synthesis of nucleorides (核苷酸), the basic units that are required to build a DNA.
____53____ he was immensely interested in and exceedingly curious about it, he was determined to specialize in the
DNA/RNA synthesis by the phosphotriester method. Roberto’s strong chemistry background paved the way for a
historical invention. And his marvelous research at the University spoke volumes.
With Genetech funding Dr. Crea’s on-going research on gene synthesis, Crea invented a new procedure that
streamlined the chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides and synthetic genes. His profound knowledge, along with the
collaboration of the excellent Genetech team, utilized this discovery to produce the human insulin genes. It was his
invention that allowed Genentech ____54____(label) as the first producer of human protein. This was made from
therapeutic interest in bacteria for the benefit of hundreds of millions of people ____55____(suffer) from diabetes all
over the world.
第 22 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
His efforts did not cease ____56____ discovering the synthetic insulin(胰岛素); in fact, he was more than driven
and strived to make more contributions to the field of biotechnology. In 1982, Roberto switched roles slightly to
become a scientist entrepreneur and launched his company, Creative BioMolecules. This venture ____57____(initial)
functioned as a service company but later began producing therapeutic protein substances.
Another notable contribution to the medicine industry was the life-changing discovery of ziconotide, which
____58____(take) place when Roberto served as the scientific director at Neurex. His team of experts in neuroscience
discovered this drug under his teachings and guidance. According to leading scientists and researchers, this drug is
more powerful and effective than morphine, a powerful drug used to reduce pain, and ____59____(good) part of this
is that it has zero side-effects.
Established as one of the greatest researchers and scientists America has ever known, Dr. Roberto Crea can be
looked up to as an idol in Biotechnology and an inspiration for many individuals _____60_____ dream of adding
value to humanity with the help of science is deeply rooted.
【答案】51. Who##Whoever
52. Having graduated
53. Because
54. to be labelled
55. suffering
56. after 57. initially
58. took 59. the best
60. whose
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了生物医学领域著名的Roberto Crea博士，他成功合成胰岛素，并发
现了齐考诺肽，让广大人群受益。
【51题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：完全符合上述内容的人值得崇拜。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作主句的主
语，从句中缺少主语，且指的是人，需用连接代词who或者whoever(任何人)，空处位于句首，单词位于句
首，首字母需大写。故填Who/Whoever。
【52题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：从意大利帕维亚大学毕业后，他搬到荷兰攻读专业，最后进入莱顿大学，在那里
他研究核苷酸的合成，这是构建DNA所需的基本单位。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处是非谓语
动词，作句子的时间状语，表示“从意大利帕维亚大学毕业后”，且强调毕业的完成，需用graduate现在分
第 23 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
词的完成式having graduated，空处位于句首，having首字母需大写。故填Having graduated。
【53题详解】
考查连词。句意：由于他对此非常感兴趣和好奇，他决心专攻用磷酸三酯法合成DNA/RNA。分析句子可知，
he was determined…为主句，空处需引导从句，结合句意可知，从句是主句的直接原因，应用because来引
导原因状语从句，意为“因为”，且空处位于句首，because首字母需大写。故填Because。
【54题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：正是他的发明使基因泰克公司被称为第一家人类蛋白质生产商。根据“allowed
Genentech”可知，此处用固定短语allow sb./sth. to do sth.，意为“允许……做……”，空处需用不定式的形
式，且 label 和 Genentech 之间是被动关系，需用 label 的不定式的被动形式 to be labelled。故填 to be
labelled。
【55题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：对细菌治疗的兴趣使这成真，令全世界数亿糖尿病患者受益。分析句子可知，句
子主干成分完整，空处是非谓语动词，作people的后置定语，应用suffer的现在分词形式suffering。故填
suffering。
【56题详解】
考查介词。句意：在发现合成胰岛素后，他的努力并没有停止。结合语句意可知，此处表达时间的先后概
念，没有停止努力在发现合成胰岛素之后，空处应用介词after，意为“在……之后”。故填after。
【57题详解】
考查副词。句意：这家企业最初是一家服务公司，但后来开始生产治疗性蛋白质物质。分析句子可知，空
处作时间状语，表达“一开始”，和later呼应，应用initial的副词形式initially。故填initially。
【58题详解】
考查时态。句意：对医药行业的另一个显著贡献是改变生活的齐考诺肽的发现，当时Roberto担任Neurex
的科学主任。分析句子可知，空处作非限制性定语从句的谓语，时态和主句一致，为一般过去时，应用take
的过去式took。故填took。
【59题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：据前沿的科学家和研究人员称，这种药物比吗啡更强大、更有效，吗啡是一种
用于减轻疼痛的强效药物，最棒的是它没有副作用。根据“more powerful and effective than morphine”可推
知，此处想表达这种药物最好的一点是无副作用，空处应用good的最高级形式the best。故填the best。
【60题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：作为美国有史以来最伟大的研究人员和科学家之一，Roberto Crea博士可以被视为生
物技术领域的偶像，激励着许多内心深植通过科学的帮助为人类贡献价值的梦想的人。分析句子可知，空
第 24 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
处需引导定语从句修饰先行词individuals，先行词在从句中是dream的定语，空处表达“那些人的”，应用
关系代词whose。故填whose。
V. Summary Writing(10)
61. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no
more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
How Technology Can Help Schools in Poor Countries
“Books will soon disappear in schools ” Thomas Edison predicted in 1913. Each new wave of information
,
technology — radio, television, computers—has caused similar predictions.
Like teachers, digital-educational technology comes in many forms. But, used properly, it now deserves more
prominence (重要性) in schools — especially in poor countries where human teachers are often ignorant, absent or
both.
According to a recent World Bank study of seven sub-Saharan African countries, half of nine-year-olds cannot
read a simple word and three-quarters cannot read a simple sentence. The reason is terrible teaching. The same study
found that only 7% of teachers had the minimum knowledge needed to teach reading and writing effectively. When
classrooms were inspected to see whether a teacher was present, half the time the answer was no. Poor governments
often lack the means to check on teachers in distant villages.
Several recent studies suggest digital-educational tech can help. Some of the scarce resources could be better
spent on digital-educational tech. That does not mean dumping computers on schools in the hope that children will
understand how to use them. Instead, it means providing schools with software children can use with minimal help
from an adult, that sends teachers instructions about what they are supposed to be teaching and that allows the
authorities to check on whether the teacher is in the classroom.
Some may wonder whether the poorest places have the necessary infrastructure. However, where the grid is not
available, solar chargers can work. Schools do not need internet access. Devices can be taken to where there is a
connection to upload or download the necessary information. Cost does not have to be a huge problem either. To
some, one of the most successful schemes, costs around $4 per child per year in Kenya, where it is being rolled out
across public primary schools.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
第 25 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
_______________
【答案】One possible version:
Digital educational technology can help improve education in poor countries in lack of qualified teachers and
effective supervision. Scarce resources could be better exploited by offering schools software friendly to children,
teachers, and the authorities. Even if there is no necessary infrastructure, the technology can come into effect by
available solar chargers, workable information transmission and low costs.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章认为在贫困国家得当地使用数字教育技术可以改善当地的教育，这些国
家的教师往往无法胜任教学工作，相关当局也无法管理教师日常的教学，而利用数字教学技术，学校可以
得到软件方面的支持，便于儿童使用、教师教学和当局监管。基础设施的问题可以通过太阳能充电器、可
移动的信息传输设备解决，该计划的成本也比较低。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①The reason is terrible teaching.
②Poor governments often lack the means to check on teachers in distant villages.
③Several recent studies suggest digital-educational tech can help.
④Some of the scarce resources could be better spent on digital-educational tech.
⑤Instead, it means providing schools with software children can use with minimal help from an adult, that sends
teachers instructions about what they are supposed to be teaching and that allows the authorities to check on whether
the teacher is in the classroom.
⑥Some may wonder whether the poorest places have the necessary infrastructure.
⑦However, where the grid is not available, solar chargers can work.
⑧Devices can be taken to where there is a connection to upload or download the necessary information.
⑨Cost does not have to be a huge problem either.
2. 缜密构思
将第1、2、3三个要点进行整合，将第4、5两个要点进行整合，将第6、7、8、9四个要点进行重组。
3. 遣词造句
Digital educational technology can help improve education in poor countries in lack of qualified teachers and
effective supervision.
Scarce resources could be better exploited by offering schools software friendly to children, teachers, and the
authorities.
Even if there is no necessary infrastructure, the technology can come into effect by available solar chargers, workable
第 26 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
information transmission and low costs.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Scarce resources could be better exploited by offering schools software friendly to children,
teachers, and the authorities.（运用了动名词短语作by的宾语，动名词短语概括了第5个要点，简洁明了）
[高分句型 2] Even if there is no necessary infrastructure, the technology can come into effect by available solar
chargers, workable information transmission and low costs.（运用了even if引导的让步状语从句，与主句的语
义衔接更为自然）
VI. Translation (3+3+4+5=15’)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the
brackets.
62. 近十年，旅游业迅猛发展，这对青藏高原的生物多样性已经产生了不良影响。(impact)(汉译英)
【答案】In the past decade, the rapid development of tourism has had a negative impact on the biodiversity of the
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词和谓语动词。根据句意，表示“近十年”应为in the past decade作时间状语，位于句首
时，介词in首字母需大写，表示“旅游业的迅猛发展”应为名词短语作主语，译为the rapid development
of tourism；表示“对……有不良影响”为固定短语have a negative impact on…，根据时间状状语“in the
past decade”可知，该句应为现在完成时态，且主语为第三人称单数，表示主动意义，所以应译为has had
a negative impact on；表示“青藏高原的生物多样性”应译为the biodiversity of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau介
词on 的宾语。故翻译为In the past decade, the rapid development of tourism has had a negative impact on the
biodiversity of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.。
63. 时近傍晚，附近村民纷纷施以援手，加快正在进行的救援。(reach)(汉译英)
【答案】As the evening approached, nearby villagers began to reach out to speed up the ongoing rescue.
【解析】
【详解】考查as引导时间状语从句。“时近傍晚”可用as引导时间状语从句，表达为as the evening
approached；“附近的村民”表达为nearby villagers；“施以援手”根据所给词可知，表达为reach out；
“加速”表达为speed up；“正在进行的救援”表达为the ongoing rescue。根据句意可知，“附近村民纷
纷施以援手，加快正在进行的救援”可用动词不定式to do作目的状语，表达为 nearby villagers began to
reach out to speed up the ongoing rescue，此处陈述过去发生的事情，故引用一般过去时，故翻译为：As the
evening approached, nearby villagers began to reach out to speed up the ongoing rescue.
64. 他退休已经八年了，可热心公益的他总是闲不住，三天两头去参加街头善款募集。(It)(汉译英)
【答案】It’s been eight years since he retired, but he is a civic-minded man who can’t sit still, going to street
第 27 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
fundraisers every two or three days.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和定语从句。表示“……已经多久了”应用句型it has been+一段时间+since；表示
“退休”应用retire；表示“热心公益”应用形容词civic-minded，作定语修饰man，后跟who引导的定语
从句；表示“闲不住”应用can’t sit still；表示“三天两头去参加街头善款募集”应用现在分词短语going
to street fundraisers every two or three days，作状语。故翻译为It’s been eight years since he retired, but he is a
civic-minded man who can’t sit still, going to street fundraisers every two or three days.
65. 面对沪语的日渐式微，当代青少年倾向于选择新媒体而非传统传播渠道，来履行保护地方语言和传承海
派文化的责任。(lean)(汉译英)
【答案】With the gradual decline of Shanghai dialect, contemporaty teenagers lean to new media rather than
traditional communication channels to fulfill their responsibilities of protecting local language and inheriting
Shanghai culture.
【解析】
【详解】考查with的复合结构和动词不定式。“沪语”表达为Shanghai dialect；“日渐式微”表达为the
gradual decline of...；“当代青少年”表达为contemporary teenagers；“倾向于”根据所给词，表达为lean
to；“新媒体”表达为new media；“而非”表达为rather than；“传统传播渠道”表达为traditional
communication channels；“履行……的责任”表达为fulfill the responsibility of doing...；“保护地方语言”
表达为protect local language；“传承海派文化”表达为inherit Shanghai culture。根据句意可知，“面对沪
语的日渐式微”可用“with+名词短语”作状语，表达为With the gradual decline of Shanghai dialect；“当
代青少年倾向于选择新媒体而非传统传播渠道”为主句，表达为contemporaty teenagers lean to new media
rather than traditional communication channels；“来履行保护地方语言和传承海派文化的责任”可用动词不
定式作目的状语，表达为 to fulfill their responsibilities of protecting local language and inheriting Shanghai
culture，且此句陈述客观事实，故应用一般现在时，故翻译为：With the gradual decline of Shanghai dialect,
contemporaty teenagers lean to new media rather than traditional communication channels to fulfill their
responsibilities of protecting local language and inheriting Shanghai culture。
VII. Guided Writing (25’)
66. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below.
你的网友李华，上海风华中学高二的一名学生，了解到在一些偏远地区的学校，外语类书籍和资料十分匮
乏，于是想帮助那里的学生，又不知如何帮得上忙。你了解到他的苦恼后，决定写一封邮件，为他提供一
些切实可行的建议。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
第 28 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________
【答案】Dear Li Hua,
Learing about the fact that you are upset about the phenomenon that the schools in the remote village are lacking
in books and materials related to English learning, I hasten to write to offer some practical advice.
First, contacting some public service organizations or media to call on people to donate books for them is a good
choice. Because they are widely influential and they will result in more donations. In addition, nothing is better than
cooperating with some urban schools to carry out the cooperation of library, which means remote schools have a
chance to reuse the books that urban schools no longer need. Finally, if it conveneient for you, you can buy some
books on English learning for them with you lucky money or savings. A little help can also make a big difference.
I sincerely hope that my suggestions are of help to you.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达为一篇应用文。要求学生就如何解决在一些偏远地区的学校，外语类书籍和资料十
分匮乏这一问题提出可行的建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累：
与……相关：related to→relevant to/in connection with
带来：result in→bring about/lead to
而且：in addition→additionally/what’s more/furthermore
照顾：care for→tend to/look after
2.句式拓展：
同义句转化
原句：Because they are widely influential and they will result in more donations.
拓展句：Widely influential, they will result in more donations.
【点睛】【高分句型1】
In addition, nothing is better than cooperating with some urban schools to carry out the cooperation of library,
which means remote schools have a chance to reuse the books that urban schools no longer need.(运用了which引
导非限制性定语从句。)
【高分句型2】
第 29 页 共 30 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
Learing about the fact that you are upset about the phenomenon that the schools in the remote village are lack of
books and materials related to English learning, I hasten to write to offer some practical advice.(运用了过去分词
作状语。)
第 30 页 共 30 页
