六级2017-06-1_四六级真题+资料包_六级真题_2017真题+解析

机密 启用前 ★ 大 学 英 语 六 级 考 试 COLLEGEENGLISHTEST BandSix — — 2017-6-1 ( ) 试 题 册 ☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆ 敬 告 考 生 一、 在答题前,请认真完成以下内容: 请检查试题册背面条形码粘贴条 答题卡的印刷质量 如有问题及时向监考员反应 确认无 1. 、 , , 误后完成以下两点要求 。 请将试题册背面条形码粘贴条揭下后粘贴在答题卡 的条形码粘贴框内 并将姓名和准考 2. 1 , 证号填写在试题册背面相应位置 。 请在答题卡 和答题卡 指定位置用黑色签字笔填写准考证号 姓名和学校名称 并用 3. 1 2 、 , HB-2B 铅笔将对应准考证号的信息点涂黑 。 二、 在考试过程中,请注意以下内容: 所有题目必须在答题卡上规定位置作答 在试题册上或答题卡上非规定位置的作答一律无效 1. , 。 请在规定时间内在答题卡指定位置依次完成作文 听力 阅读 翻译各部分考试 作答作文期 2. 、 、 、 , 间不得翻阅该试题册 听力录音播放完毕后 请立即停止作答 监考员将立即收回答题卡 得 。 , , 1, 到监考员指令后方可继续作答 。 作文题内容印在试题册背面 作文题及其他主观题必须用黑色签字笔在答题卡指定区域内 3. , 作答 。 选择题均为单选题 错选 不选或多选将不得分 作答时必须使用 铅笔在答题卡上相 4. , 、 , HB-2B 应位置填涂 修改时须用橡皮擦净 , 。 三、 以下情况按违规处理: 不正确填写 涂 个人信息 错贴 不贴 毁损条形码粘贴条 1. ( ) , 、 、 。 未按规定翻阅试题册 提前阅读试题 提前或在收答题卡期间作答 2. 、 、 。 未用所规定的笔作答 折叠或毁损答题卡导致无法评卷 3. 、 。 考试期间在非听力考试时间佩戴耳机 4. 。 全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会2017年6月大学英语六级考试(第1套) PartI Writing 30minutes ( ) Directions Supposeyouareaskedtogiveadviceonwhethertoattendcollegeathomeor : abroad writeanessaytostateyouropinion.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150 , wordsbutnomorethan200words. PartII ListeningComprehension 30minutes ( ) SectionA DirectionsInthissection youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendof : , eachconversation youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversation , andthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion , youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA B ), ), C andD .ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1with ) ) asinglelinethroughthecentre. Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 1.A)Doingenjoyablework. C)Earningacompetitivesalary. B)Havingfriendlycolleagues. D)Workingforsupportivebosses. 2.A)31%. B)20%. C)25%. D)73%. 3.A)Thoseofasmallsize. C)Thosethatarewellmanaged. B)Thoserunbywomen. D)Thosefullofskilledworkers. 4.A)Theycanhopfromjobtojobeasily. C)Theycanbetterbalanceworkandlife. B)Theycanwinrecognitionoftheirwork. D)Theycantakeonmorethanonejob. Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 5.A)ItisabookofEuropeanhistory. C)ItisaboutthecityofBruges. B)Itisanintroductiontomusic. D)Itisacollectionofphotos. 6.A)WhenpaintingtheconcerthallofBruges. B)WhenvacationinginanItaliancoastalcity. C)Whentakingpicturesforaconcertcatalogue. D)WhenwritingaboutBelgium􀆳scoastalregions. 7.A)TheentireEuropeancoastlinewillbesubmerged. B)TherichheritageofEuropewillbelostcompletely. C)TheseawaterofEuropewillbeseriouslypolluted. D)ThemajorEuropeanscenicspotswilldisappear. 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-6 1 1 228.A)Itswaterwaysarebeingincreasinglypolluted. B)Peoplecannotgetaroundwithoutusingboats. C)Itattractslargenumbersoftouristsfromhomeandabroad. D)Touristsusewoodenpathstoreachtheirhotelsinthemorning. SectionB DirectionsInthissection youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage youwill : , , hearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonly once.Afteryouhearaquestion youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour , choicesmarkedA B C andD .ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer ), ), ) ) Sheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre. Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 9.A)Theymakecarefulpreparationsbeforehand. B)Theytaketoomanyirrelevantfactorsintoaccount. C)Theyspendtoomuchtimeanticipatingtheirdefeat. D)Theytryhardtoavoidgettingoffonthewrongfoot. 10.A)Aperson􀆳snervoussystemismorecomplicatedthanimagined. B)Golfersusuallyhavepositivementalimagesofthemselves. C)Mentalimagesofteninterferewithathletes􀆳performance. D)Thinkinghasthesameeffectonthenervoussystemasdoing. 11.A)Anticipatepossibleproblems. C)Picturethemselvessucceeding. B)Makealistofdo􀆳sanddon􀆳ts. D)Trytoappearmoreprofessional. 12.A)Sheworeadesignerdress. C)Shedidnotspeakloudenough. B)Shewonherfirstjurytrial. D)Shepresentedmovingpictures. Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 13.A)Itslong-termeffectsareyettobeproved. B)Itshealthbenefitshavebeenoverestimated. C)Ithelpspeopletoavoiddevelopingbreastcancer. D)Itenablespatientswithdiabetestorecoversooner. 14.A)Itfocusedontheirwaysoflifeduringyoungadulthood. B)Ittrackedtheirchangeinfoodpreferencesfor20years. C)Itfocusedontheirdifferencefrom meninfiberintake. D)Ittrackedtheireatinghabitssincetheiradolescence. 15.A)Fibermayhelptoreducehormonesinthebody. B)Fibermaybringmorebenefitstowomenthanmen. C)Fibermayimprovethefunctionofheartmuscles. D)Fibermaymakebloodcirculationmoresmooth. 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-6 1 2 22SectionC DirectionsInthissection youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythree : , orfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouheara question youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA B C , ), ), ) andD .ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasingleline ) throughthecentre. Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard. 16.A)Observingthechangesinmarketing. B)Conductingresearchonconsumerbehaviour. C)Studyingthehazardsofyoungpeopledrinking. D)Investigatingtheimpactofmediaongovernment. 17.A)Itisthecauseofmanystreetriots. C)Itisachiefconcernofparents. B)Itisgettingworseyearbyyear. D)Itisanactofsocialising. 18.A)Theyspentaweekstudyingtheirownpurchasingbehaviour. B)Theyresearchedtheimpactofmobilephonesonyoungpeople. C)Theyanalysedtheirfamilybudgetsovertheyears. D)Theyconductedathoroughresearchonadvertising. Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard. 19.A)Itishelpingitsbankstoimproveefficiency. B)Itistryinghardtodoawaywithdirtymoney. C)Itisthefirstcountrytousecreditcardsintheworld. D)Itislikelytogiveuppapermoneyinthenearfuture. 20.A)Whetheritispossibletotravelwithoutcarryinganyphysicalcurrency. B)Whetheritispossibletopredicthowmuchmoneyoneisgoingtospend. C)Whethertheabsenceofphysicalcurrencycausesapersontospendmore. D)Whethertheabsenceofphysicalcurrencyisgoingtoaffecteverydaylife. 21.A)Therewasnofoodserviceonthetrain. C)Therestaurantcaracceptedcashonly. B)Theserviceonthetrainwasnotgood. D)Thecashinherhandbagwasmissing. 22.A)Byputtingmoneyintoenvelopes. C)Bylimitingtheirday-to-dayspending. B)Bydrawingmoneyweekbyweek. D)Byrefusingtobuyanythingoncredit. Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard. 23.A)Populationexplosion. C)Extinctionofrarespecies. B)Chronichunger. D)Environmentaldeterioration. 24.A)Theycontributetooverpopulation. C)Theyhavebeenbroughtundercontrol. B)Abouthalfofthemareunintended. D)Themajorityofthemtendtoendhalfway. 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-6 1 3 2225.A)Itisessentialtothewellbeingofallspeciesonearth. B)Itisbecomingasubjectofinterdisciplinaryresearch. C)Itisneglectedinmanyofthedevelopingcountries. D)Itisbeginningtoattractpostgraduates􀆳attention. PartIII ReadingComprehension 40minutes ( ) SectionA DirectionsInthissection thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectone : , wordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthe passage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Each choiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterfor eachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuse anyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce. Let􀆳sallstopjudgingpeoplewhotalktothemselves.Newresearchsaysthatthosewhocan􀆳tseem monologues 独白 tokeeptheirinner ( )inareactuallymorelikelytostayontask,remain 26 better andshowimprovedperceptioncapabilities.Notbad,really,forsomeextramuttering. QuarterlyJournalofExperimental Accordingtoaseriesofexperimentspublishedinthe Psychology byprofessorsGaryLupyanandDanielSwignley,theactofusingverbalcluesto 27 mentalpictureshelpspeoplefunctionquicker. Inoneexperiment,theyshowedpicturesofvariousobjectstotwenty 28 andaskedthemto findjustoneofthose,abanana.Halfwere 29 torepeatoutloudwhattheywerelookingforand theotherhalfkepttheirlips 30 .Thosewhotalkedtothemselvesfoundthebananaslightlyfaster thanthosewhodidn􀆳t,theresearcherssay.Inotherexperiments,LupyanandSwignleyfoundthat 31 thenameofacommonproductwhenonthehuntforithelpedquickensomeone􀆳space, buttalkingaboutuncommonitemsshowednoadvantageandslowedyoudown. Commonresearchhaslongheldthattalkingthemselvesthroughataskhelpschildren learn,althoughdoingsowhenyou􀆳ve 32 maturedisnotagreatsignof 33 .Thetwo professorshopetorefutethatidea, 34 thatjustaswhenkidswalkthemselvesthrougha process,adultscanbenefitfrom usinglanguagenotjusttocommunicate,butalsotohelp “augmentthinking”. Ofcourse,youarestillencouragedtokeepthetalkingatlibrarytonesand,whateveryou do,keeptheinformationyousharesimple,likeagrocerylist.Atany 35 ,there􀆳sstillsuch athingastoomuchinformation. A)apparently B)arrogance C)brilliance D)claiming E)dedicated F)focused G)incur H)instructed I)obscurely J)sealed K)spectators L)trigger M)uttering N)volume O)volunteers 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-6 1 4 22SectionB DirectionsInthissection youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit. : , Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifythe paragraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraph morethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsby markingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2. ThePriceofOilandthePriceofCarbon A)Fossilfuelpricesarelikelytostay “lowforlong.”Notwithstandingimportantrecent progressindevelopingrenewablefuelsources,lowfossilfuelpricescoulddiscourage furtherinnovationin,andadoptionof,cleanerenergytechnologies.Theresultwouldbe higheremissionsofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases. B)Policymakersshouldnotallowlowenergypricestoderailthecleanenergytransition.Action torestoreappropriatepriceincentives,notablythroughcorrectivecarbon pricing,is urgentlyneededtolowertheriskofirreversibleandpotentiallydevastatingeffectsof climatechange.Thatapproachalsooffersfiscalbenefits. C)Oilpriceshavedroppedbyover60% sinceJune2014.Acommonlyheldviewintheoil industryisthat“thebestcureforlowoilpricesislowoilprices.”Thereasoningbehindthis sayingisthatlowoilpricesdiscourageinvestmentinnewproductioncapacity,eventually shiftingtheoilsupplycurvebackwardandbringingpricesbackupasexistingoilfields— whichcanbetappedatrelativelylowmarginalcost—aredepleted.Infact,inlinewithpast experience,capitalexpenditureintheoilsectorhasdroppedsharplyin manyproducing countries,includingtheUnitedStates.Thedynamicadjustmenttolowoilpricesmay, however,bedifferentthistimearound. D)Oilpricesareexpectedtoremainlowerforlonger.Theadventofnewtechnologieshas addedabout4.2millionbarrelsperdaytothecrudeoilmarket,contributingtoaglobal over-supply.Inaddition,otherfactorsareputtingdownwardpressureonoilprices:change inthestrategicbehaviorofthe Organization ofPetroleum Exporting Countries,the projectedincreaseinIranianexports,thescaling-downofglobaldemand(especiallyfrom emergingmarkets),thelong-termdropinpetroleumconsumptionintheUnitedStates, andsomedisplacementofoilbysubstitutes.Theselikelypersistentforces,likethegrowth shale(页岩) of oil,pointtoa“lowforlong”scenario.Futuresmarkets,whichshowonlya modestrecoveryofpricestoaround$60abarrelby2019,supportthisview. E)Naturalgasandcoal—alsofossilfuels—havesimilarlyseenpricedeclinesthatlooktobe long-lived.Coalandnaturalgasaremainlyusedforelectricitygeneration,whereasoilis usedmostlytopowertransportation,yetthepricesofalltheseenergysourcesarelinked. TheNorthAmericanshalegasboomhasresultedinrecordlowpricesthere.Therecent discoveryofthegiantZohrgasfieldofftheEgyptiancoastwilleventuallyhaveimpacton 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-6 1 5 22pricinginthe Mediterraneanregionand Europe,andthereissignificantdevelopment potentialinmanyotherplaces,notablyArgentina.Coalpricesalsoarelow,owingtoover- supplyandthescaling-downofdemand,especiallyfrom China,whichburnshalfofthe world􀆳scoal. F)Technologicalinnovationshaveunleashedthepowerofrenewablessuchaswind,hydro, geothermal(地热) solar,and .EvenAfricaandtheMiddleEast,hometoeconomiesthatare heavilydependentonfossilfuelexports,haveenormouspotentialtodeveloprenewables. Forexample,theUnitedArabEmirateshasendorsedanambitioustargettodraw24% of itsprimaryenergyconsumptionfromrenewablesourcesby2021. G)Progressinthedevelopmentofrenewablescouldbefragile,however,iffossilfuelprices remainlowforlong.Renewablesaccountforonlyasmallshareofglobalprimaryenergy consumption,whichisstilldominatedbyfossilfuels—30%eachforcoalandoil,25%for naturalgas.Butrenewableenergywillhavetodisplacefossilfuelstoamuchgreaterextent inthefuturetoavoidunacceptableclimaterisks. H)Unfortunately,thecurrentlowpricesforoil,gas,andcoalmayprovidelittleincentivefor researchtofindevencheapersubstitutesforthosefuels.Thereisstrongevidencethatboth innovationandadoptionofcleanertechnologyarestronglyencouragedbyhigherfossilfuel prices.Thesameistruefornewtechnologiesforalleviatingfossilfuelemissions. I)Thecurrentlowfossilfuelpriceenvironmentwillthuscertainlydelaytheenergytransition fromfossilfueltocleanenergysources.Unlessrenewablesbecomecheapenoughthat substantialcarbondepositsareleftundergroundforaverylongtime,ifnotforever,the planetwilllikelybeexposedtopotentiallycatastrophicclimaterisks. J)Someclimateimpacts mayalready bediscernible.Forexample,the United Nations Children􀆳sFundestimatesthatsome11millionchildreninAfricafacehunger,disease,and ElNiño(厄尔尼诺) watershortagesasaresultofthestrongest weatherphenomenonin decades.ManyscientistsbelievethatElNiñoevents,causedbywarminginthePacific,are becomingmoreintenseasaresultofclimatechange. K)NationsfromaroundtheworldhavegatheredinParisfortheUnited NationsClimate ChangeConference,COP21,withthegoalofauniversalandpotentiallylegally-binding agreementonreducinggreenhousegasemissions.Weneedverybroadparticipationtofully addresstheglobaltragedythatresultswhencountriesfailtotakeintoaccountthenegative impactoftheircarbonemissionsontherestoftheworld.Moreover,non-participationby nations,ifsufficiently widespread,can underminethe political willofparticipating countriestoact. L)ThenationsparticipatingatCOP21arefocusingonquantitativeemissions-reduction commitments.Economicreasoningshowsthattheleastexpensivewayforeachcountryis toputapriceoncarbonemissions.Thereasonisthatwhencarbonispriced,those 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-6 1 6 22emissionsreductionsthatareleastcostlytoimplementwillhappenfirst.TheInternational MonetaryFundcalculatesthatcountriescan generatesubstantialfiscalrevenues by eliminatingfossilfuelsubsidiesandlevyingcarbonchargesthatcapturethedomestic damagecausedbyemissions.Ataxonupstreamcarbonsourcesisoneeasywaytoputa priceoncarbonemissions,althoughsomecountriesmaywishtouseothermethods,such asemissionstradingschemes.Inordertomaximizeglobalwelfare,everycountry􀆳scarbon pricingshouldreflectnotonlythepurelydomesticdamagefromemissions,butalsothe damagetoforeigncountries. M)Settingtherightcarbonpricewillthereforeefficientlyalignthecostspaidbycarbonusers withthetruesocialopportunitycostofusingcarbon.Byraisingrelativedemandforclean energysources,acarbonpricewouldalsohelpalignthemarketreturntoclean-energy innovationwithitssocialreturn,spurringtherefinementofexistingtechnologiesandthe developmentofnewones.Anditwouldraisethedemandfortechnologiessuchascarbon captureandstorage,spurringtheirfurtherdevelopment.Ifnotcorrectedbytheappropriate carbonprice,lowfossilfuelpricesarenotaccuratelysignalingtomarketsthetruesocial profitabilityofcleanenergy.Whilealternativeestimatesofthedamagefrom carbon emissionsdiffer,andit􀆳sespeciallyhardtoreckonthelikelycostsofpossiblecatastrophic climateevents,mostestimatessuggestsubstantialnegativeeffects. N)Directsubsidiestoresearchanddevelopmenthavebeenadoptedbysomegovernmentsbut areapoorsubstituteforacarbonprice:theydoonlypartofthejob,leavinginplace marketincentivestoover-usefossilfuelsandtherebyaddtothestockofatmospheric collateral(附带的) greenhousegaseswithoutregardtothe costs. O)ThehopeisthatthesuccessofCOP21opensthedoortofutureinternationalagreementon carbonprices.Agreementonaninternationalcarbon-pricefloorwouldbeagoodstarting pointinthatprocess.Failuretoaddresscomprehensivelytheproblemofgreenhousegas emissions,however,exposesallgenerations,presentandfuture,toincalculablerisks. 36.Anumberoffactorsaredrivingdowntheglobaloilpricesnotjustfornowbutinthe foreseeablefuture. 37.Pricingcarbonprovesthemosteconomicalwaytoreducegreenhousegasemissions. 38.Itisestimatedthatextremeweatherconditionshaveendangeredthelivesofmillionsof Africanchildren. 39.Thepricesofcoalarelowasaresultofover-supplyanddecreasingdemand. 40.Higherfossilfuelpricesprovetobeconducivetoinnovationandapplicationofcleaner technology. 41.Iffossilfuelpricesremainlowforalongtime,it mayleadtohigheremissionsof greenhousegases. 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-6 1 7 2242.Fossilfuelsremainthemajorsourceofprimaryenergyconsumptionintoday􀆳sworld. 43.Even majorfossilfuelexportingcountrieshavegreatpotentialtodeveloprenewable energies. 44.Greenhousegasemissions,ifnotproperlydealtwith,willposeendlessrisksformankind. 45.Itisurgentforgovernmentstoincreasethecostofusingfossilfuelstoanappropriatelevel tolessenthecatastrophiceffectsofclimatechange. SectionC Directions Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor : unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA B C ), ), ) andD .Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron ) AnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre. PassageOne Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Opendatasharersarestillintheminorityinmanyfields.Although manyresearchers broadlyagreethatpublicaccesstorawdatawouldacceleratescience,mostarereluctanttopost theresultsoftheirownlaborsonline. Somecommunitieshaveagreedtoshareonline — geneticists,forexample,postDNA repository(库) sequencesattheGenBank ,andastronomersareaccustomedtoaccessingimages ofgalaxiesandstarsfrom,say,theSloanDigitalSkySurvey,atelescopethathasobserved some500 millionobjects — buttheseremaintheexception,nottherule.Historically, scientistshaveobjectedtosharingformanyreasons:itisalotofwork;untilrecently,good databasesdidnotexist;grantfunderswerenotpushingforsharing;ithasbeendifficultto agreeonstandardsforformattingdata;andthereisnoagreedwaytoassigncreditfordata. Butthebarriersaredisappearing,inpartbecausejournalsandfundingagenciesworldwide areencouragingscientiststomaketheirdatapublic.Lastyear,theRoyalSocietyinLondon saidinitsreportthatscientistsneedto“shiftawayfromaresearchculturewheredataisviewed asaprivatepreserve”.Fundingagenciesnotethatdatapaidforwithpublicmoneyshouldbe publicinformation,andthescientificcommunityisrecognizingthatdatacannowbeshared digitallyinwaysthatwerenotpossiblebefore.Tomatchthegrowingdemand,servicesare springinguptomakeiteasiertopublishresearchproductsonlineandenableotherresearchers todiscoverandcitethem. Althoughcallstosharedataoftenconcentrateonthemoraladvantagesofsharing,the altruistic(利他的) practiceisnotpurely .Researcherswhosharegetplentyofpersonalbenefits, includingmoreconnectionswithcolleagues,improvedvisibilityandincreasedcitations.The mostsuccessfulsharers—thosewhosedataaredownloadedandcitedthemostoften — get noticed,andtheir workgetsused.Forexample,oneofthe mostpopulardatasetson multidisciplinaryrepository Dryadisabout wooddensityaroundthe world;ithasbeen 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-6 1 8 22downloaded5,700times.Co-authorAmyZannethinksthatusersprobablyrangefromclimate- changeresearcherswantingtoestimatehow muchcarbonisstoredinbiomass,toforesters lookingforinformationondifferentgradesoftimber.“I􀆳dmuchprefertohavemydatausedby themaximumnumberofpeopletoasktheirownquestions,”shesays.“It􀆳simportanttoallow readersandreviewerstoseeexactlyhowyouarriveatyourresults.Publishingdataandcode allowsyoursciencetobereproducible.” Evenpeoplewhosedataarelesspopularcanbenefit.Bymakingtheefforttoorganizeand labelfilessootherscan understandthem,scientistsbecome moreorganizedand better disciplinedthemselves,thusavoidingconfusionlateron. 46.Whatdomanyresearchersgenerallyaccept? A)Itisimperativetoprotectscientists􀆳patents. B)Repositoriesareessentialtoscientificresearch. C)Opendatasharingismostimportanttomedicalscience. D)Opendatasharingisconducivetoscientificadvancement. 47.Whatistheattitudeofmostresearcherstowardsmakingtheirowndatapublic? A)Opposed. B)Ambiguous. C)Liberal. D)Neutral. 48.Accordingtothepassage,whatmighthinderopendatasharing? A)Thefearofmassivecopying. B)Thelackofaresearchculture. C)Thebeliefthatresearchdataisprivateintellectualproperty. D)Theconcernthatcertainagenciesmaymakeaprofitoutofit. 49.Whathelpsliftsomeofthebarrierstoopendatasharing? A)Theever-growingdemandforbigdata. B)Theadvancementofdigitaltechnology. C)Thechangingattitudeofjournalsandfunders. D)Thetrendofsocialandeconomicdevelopment. 50.Dryadservesasanexampletoshowhowopendatasharing . A)isbecomingincreasinglypopular B)benefitssharersandusersalike C)makesresearcherssuccessful D)savesbothmoneyandlabor PassageTwo Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Macy􀆳sreporteditssalesplunged5.2%inNovemberandDecemberatstoresopenmore thanayear,adisappointingholidayseasonperformancethatcappedadifficultyearfora departmentstorechainfacingwide-rangingchallenges.ItsflagshipstoresinmajorU.S.cities dependheavilyoninternationaltouristspending,whichshrankatmanyretailersduetoa 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-6 1 9 22strongdollar.Meanwhile,Macy􀆳shassimplystruggledtolureconsumers whoare more interestedinspendingontravelordiningoutthanonnewclothesoraccessories. Thecompanyblamed muchofthepoorperformancein Novemberand Decemberon unseasonably warm weather.“About80% ofourcompany􀆳s year-over-year declinesin shortfalls(短 缺) comparablesalescanbeattributedto incold-weathergoods,”saidchief executiveTerryLundgreninapressrelease.Thispromptedthecompanytocutitsforecastsfor thefullfourthquarter. However,it􀆳sclearthat Macy􀆳sbelievesitstroublesrun deeperthanatemporary aberration(偏离) offthethermometer.Theretailgiantsaidthepoorfinancialperformancethis yearhaspushedittobeginimplementing$400millionincost-cuttingmeasures.Thecompany pledgedtocut600back-officepositions,thoughsome150workersinthoseroleswouldbe reassignedtootherjobs.Italsoplanstooffer“voluntaryseparation”packagesto165senior executives.Itwillslashstaffingatitsfleetof770stores,a moveaffectingsome3,000 employees. Theretaileralsoannouncedthelocationsof36storesitwillcloseinearly2016.Thecompanyhad previouslyannouncedtheplannedclosures,buthadnotsaidwhichlocationswouldbeaffected. Noneofthechain􀆳sstoresintheWashingtonmetropolitanareaaretobeclosed. Macy􀆳shasbeenmovingaggressivelytotrytoremakeitselfforaneweraofshopping.It hasplanstoopen morelocationsofMacy􀆳sBackstage,anewly-developedoff-priceconcept whichmighthelpitbettercompetewithambitiousT.J.Maxx.It􀆳salsopushingaheadin2016 withanexpansionofBluemercury,thebeautychainitboughtlastyear.Atatimewhenyoung beautyshoppersareoftenturningtoSephoraor Ultainsteadofdepartmentstorebeauty counters,Macy􀆳shopesBluemercurywillhelpstrengthenitspositioninthecategory. OnerelativebrightspotforMacy􀆳sduringtheholidayseasonwastheonlinechannel, whereitrangup“double-digit”increasesinsalesanda25%increaseinthenumberofordersit filled.Thatrelativestrength wouldbeconsistentwith whatwasseeninthewiderretail industryduringtheearlypartoftheholidayseason.WhileThanksgiving,BlackFridayand CyberMondayallsawrecordspendingonline,in-storesalesplungedovertheholidayweekend. 51.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheshrinkingspendingofinternationaltouristsintheU.S.? A)ItisattributabletotherisingvalueoftheU.S.dollar. B)Itisadirectresultoftheglobaleconomicrecession. C)Itreflectsashiftoftheirinterestinconsumergoods. D)ItposesapotentialthreattotheretailbusinessintheU.S. 52.WhatdoesMacy􀆳sbelieveaboutitsproblems? A)Theycanbesolvedwithbettermanagement. B)Theycannotbeattributedtoweatheronly. C)Theyarenotasseriousinitsonlinestores. D)Theycallforincreasedinvestments. 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-6 1 1 0 2253.Inordertocutcosts,Macy􀆳sdecidedto . A)cutthesalaryofseniorexecutives C)adjustitspromotionstrategies B)relocatesomeofitschainstores D)reducethesizeofitsstaff 54.WhydoesMacy􀆳splantoexpandBluemercuryin2016? A)Toexperimentonitsnewbusinessconcept. B)Tofocusmoreonbeautyproductsthanclothing. C)Topromotesalesofitsproductsbyloweringprices. D)Tobemorecompetitiveinsalesofbeautyproducts. 55.WhatcanwelearnaboutMacy􀆳sduringtheholidayseason? A)Salesdroppedsharplyinitsphysicalstores. B)ItsretailsalesexceededthoseofT.J.Maxx. C)IthelpedBluemercuryestablishitspositionworldwide. D)Itfilleditsstoreswithabundantsupplyofmerchandise. PartIV Translation 30minutes ( ) Directions Forthispart youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseinto : , English.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2. 宋朝始于 年 一直延续到 年 这一时期 中国经济大幅增长 成为世界上最先进的 960 , 1279 。 , , 经济体 科学 技术 哲学和数学蓬勃发展 宋代中国是世界历史上首先发行纸币的国家 宋朝 , 、 、 。 。 还最早使用火药并发明了活字 印刷 人口增长迅速 越来越多的人住进城市 那 (movable-type) 。 , , 里有热闹的娱乐场所 社会生活多种多样 人们聚集在一起观看和交易珍贵艺术品 宋朝的政 。 。 。 府体制在当时也是先进的 政府官员均通过竞争性考试选拔任用 。 。 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-6 1 1 1 222017年6月大学英语六级考试答案与解析(第1套) PartI Writing 【范文】 WhyStudyingAbroadIsSoWelcome? Despiteofhightuitionfee,anincreasing numberofstudentscrowdinto overseas universitiesforfurtherstudy.Inmyopinion,studyingabroadhastwoobviousadvantages. Tobeginwith,theprestigiousoverseasuniversitiesguaranteetheirqualifiedgraduatesa bettershotinthejob market.Asweallknow,bothinternationalandnationalenterprises acknowledgeandwelcomethegraduatesfromtopuniversitieswhooutweightheircounterparts inexcellentteaching.Theyplaceahighvalueonactivelearning,problemsolvingandcritical thinking.Besides,thefiercecompetitionamongahandfulofeliteuniversitiesinChinapushes studentsintoaforbiddinglybloodywar,whichimposesunbearablestressontheyoungminds. Incaseoflosingit,manyareforcedintolow-rankcollegeswhoseteachingmayturnouttobea wasteoftime. Allinall,insteadofbeingsandwichedbetweenstudyinghomeorabroad,weshouldbear thisquestioninmind— whyChineseeducation,onalargescale,failstooutputthetalents urgentlyneeded.Itishightimeweshouldthinktwiceaboutoureducationalsystemsothatit wouldn􀆳tbeaheadacheatallforstudentstooptforwheretostudy. PartII ListeningComprehension 1~5:BBACD 6~10:CADCD 11~15:CBCDA 16~20:BDADC 21~25:CABBA SectionA ConversationOne W:Welcometo WorkPlace.Andintoday􀆳sprogram,wearelookingattheresultsoftwo recentlypublishedsurveys,whichbothdealwiththesametopic— HappinessatWork. John,tellusaboutthefirstsurvey. M:Well,thiswasdonebyahumanresourcesconsultancywhointerviewedmorethan1,000 workersandestablishedatop10ofthefactorswhichmakepeoplehappyatwork.(1)The mostimportantfactor,forthemajorityofthepeopleinterviewed,washavingfriendly, supportivecolleagues.Infact,73% ofpeopleinterviewedputtheirrelationship with colleaguesasthekeyfactorcontributingtohappinessatwork,whichisaveryhigh percentage.Thesecondmostimportantfactorwashavingworkthatisenjoyable.Thetwo leastimportantfactorswerehavingone􀆳sachievementsrecognizedandrathersurprisingly, earningacompetitivesalary. W:Sowearenotmainlymotivatedbymoney? 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-6 1 1 2 22M:Apparentlynot. W:Anyotherinterestinginformationinthesurvey? M:Yes.Forexample,25% oftheworkingpeopleintervieweddescribedthemselvesasvery happyatwork.(2)However,20%ofemployeesdescribedthemselvesasbeingunhappy. W:That􀆳squitealotofunhappypeopleatworkeveryday. M:Itis,isn􀆳tit? Andtherewereseveralmoreinterestingconclusionsrevealedbythesurvey. (3)Firstofall,smallisbeautiful.Peopledefinitelypreferworkingforsmallerorganizations orcompanieswithlessthan100staff.Wealsofindoutthat,generallyspeaking,women werehappierintheirworkthanmen. W:Yes,weare,aren􀆳twe? M:(4)Andworkersonpart-timecontractswhoonlywork4or5hoursadayarehappierthan thosewhoworkfull-time.Theresearchersconcludedthatthisisprobablyduetoabetter work-lifebalance. W:Arebosseshappierthantheiremployees? M:Yes.Perhapsnotsurprisingly,thehigherpeoplegoinacompany,thehappiertheyare.So seniormanagersenjoytheirjobsmorethanpeopleworkingunderthem. 1.Whatisthenumberonefactorthatmadeemployeeshappyaccordingtothesurvey? 2.Whatisthepercentageofthepeoplesurveyedwhofeltunhappyatwork? 3.Whatkindofcompaniesarepopularwithemployees? 4.Whatisthepossiblereasonforpeopleonpart-timecontractstobehappier? ConversationTwo MomentsBeforetheFlood W:Mr.DeKeyzer,Iamagreatloverofyourbook, .Canyoutellus howyoufirstbecameinterestedinthesubjectmatter? M:(6)In2006,whentheconcerthallofthecityofBrugesaskedmetotakesomepicturesfor acatalogueforanewconcertseasonaroundthethemeofwater,Ifoundmyselfworking alongtheBelgiancoastline.Astherehadbeennumerousalarmingarticlesinthepress aboutaclimatecatastrophewaitingtohappen,Istartedlookingattheseaandthebeach verydifferently,aplacewhereIspentsomanyperfectdaysasachild.(5)Thisfearofa loomingdangerbecamethesubjectofalarge-scalephotoproject. W:Youwroteinthebook“Idon􀆳twanttophotographthedisaster;Iwanttophotographthe disasterwaitingtohappen.”Canyoutalkabitaboutthat? M:(7)Itisclearnowthatit􀆳samatteroftimebeforetheentireEuropeancoastlinedisappears underwater.Thesamegoesfornumerousbigcitiesaroundtheworld.Myideawasto photographthisbeautifulandveryuniquecoastline,reachinghistory,beforeit􀆳stoolate— asalastwitness. W:Canyoutalkabitabouthowhistoryplaysaroleinthisproject? M:Sure.TheprojectisalsoaboutthehistoryofEuropelookingattheseaandwonderingwhen thenextenemy wouldappear.Intheimages,youseeallkindsofpossibledefense constructionstoholdbacktheRomans,Germans,Vikings,andnownatureasenemyNo. 1.Forexample,thereistheimageofthebridgeintotheseatakenattheNormandyD-Day landingsite.(8)Also,Venice,thecityeternallythreatenedbythesea,whereevery 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-6 1 1 3 22morningwoodenpathwayshavetobesetuptoallowtouriststoreachtheirhotels. W:Thankyou,Mr.DeKeyzer.Itwasapleasuretohaveyouwithustoday. MomentsBeforetheFlood 5.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthebook ? 6.Whendidthemangethisideaforthework? 7.Whatwillhappenwhentheclimatecatastropheoccurs? 8.WhatdoesthemansayaboutVenice? SectionB PassageOne (9)Whenfacinganewsituation,somepeopletendtorehearsetheirdefeatbyspendingtoo muchtimeanticipatingtheworst.Iremembertalkingwithayounglawyerwhowasaboutto beginherfirstjurytrial.Shewasverynervous.Iaskedwhatimpressionshewantedtomakeon thejury.Shereplied,“Idon􀆳twanttolooktooinexperienced;Idon􀆳twantthemtosuspectthis ismyfirsttrial.”Thislawyerhadfallenvictimtothe“don􀆳ts”syndrome,aformofnegative goalsetting.The“don􀆳ts”canbeself-fulfillingbecauseyourmindrespondstopictures.(10) ResearchconductedatStanfordUniversityshowsamentalimagefiresthenervoussystemthe samewayasactuallydoingsomething.Thatmeanswhenagolfertellshimself“Don􀆳thitthe ballintothewater,”hismindseestheimageoftheballflyingintothewater.Soguesswhere theballwillgo.(11)Consequently,beforegoingintoanystressfulsituation,focusonlyon whatyouwanttohavehappen.Iaskedthelawyeragainhowshewantedtoappearatherfirst trial,andthistimeshesaid,“Iwanttolookprofessionalandself-assured.”Itoldhertocreate apictureofwhat“self-assured”wouldlooklike.Toheritmeantmovingconfidentlyaroundthe courtroom,usingconvincingbodylanguageandprojectinghervoicesoitcouldbeheardfrom thejudge􀆳sbenchtothebackdoor.Shealsoimaginedaskillfulclosingargumentandawinning trial.(12)Afewweeksafterthispositivedressrehearsal,theyounglawyerdidwin. 9.Whatdosomepeopledowhentheyfaceanewsituation? 10.WhatdoestheresearchconductedatStanfordUniversityshow? 11.Whatadvicedoesthespeakergivetopeopleinastressfulsituation? 12.Whatdowelearnaboutthelawyerinthecourt? PassageTwo MostAmericansdon􀆳teatenoughfruits,vegetablesorwholegrains.(13)Researchnow saysaddingfibertotheteendietmayhelplowertheriskofbreastcancer.Conversationsabout thebenefitsoffiberareprobablymorecommoninnursinghomesthanhighschools.Butalong comesanewstudythatcouldchangethat.KristiKing,adietspecialistatTexasChildren􀆳s Hospital,findsithardtogetteenagepatients􀆳attentionabouthealthyeatingbytellingthem thateatinglotsofhigh-fiberfoodscouldreducetheriskofbreastcancerbeforemiddleage. That􀆳sapowerfulmessage.(14)Thenewfindingisbasedonastudyof44,000women.They weresurveyedabouttheirdietsduringhighschoolandtheireatinghabitsweretrackedfortwo decades.Itturnsoutthatthosewhoconsumedthehighestlevelsoffiberduringadolescencehad alowerriskofdevelopingbreastcancer,comparedtothewomenwhoatetheleastfiber.This importantstudydemonstratesthatthemorefiberyoueatduringyourhighschoolyears,the 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-6 1 1 4 22loweryourriskisindevelopingbreastcancerinlaterlife.(15)Thefindingpointstolong- standingevidencethatfibermayreducecirculatingfemalehormonelevels,whichcouldexplain thereducedrisk.Thebottomlinehereisthemorefiberyoueat,perhaps,alowerlevelof hormoneinyourbody,andtherefore,alowerlifetimeriskofdevelopingbreastcancer.High- fiberdietsarealsolinkedtoareducedriskofheartdiseaseanddiabetes.That􀆳swhywomenare toldtoeat25gramsoffiberaday— menevenmore. 13.Whatdoesthenewstudytellaboutaddingfibertotheteendiet? 14.Whatdowelearnaboutthesurveyofthe44,000women? 15.Whatexplanationdoesthespeakerofferfortheresearchfinding? SectionC RecordingOne (16)Well,mycurrentresearchisreallyaboutconsumerbehavior.Sorecently,I􀆳velooked atyoungpeople􀆳sdrinkingandit􀆳sobviouslyamajorconcerntogovernmentatthemoment. I􀆳vealsolookedathowolderpeoplearerepresentedinthemedia.Again,it􀆳sofmajorcurrent interestwitholderpeoplebecominga muchlargerproportionofUK,andindeed,world society.I􀆳malsointerestedinhowconsumersoperateonlineandhowthatonlinebehavior mightbedifferentfromhowtheyoperateofflinewhentheygototheshops.Well,Ithinkthat theimportantthinghereistoactuallyunderstand what􀆳shappeningfromtheconsumers􀆳 perspective.Oneofthethingsthatbusinessesandindeedgovernmentorganizationsoftenfailto doistoreallyseewhatishappeningfromtheconsumers􀆳perspective.(17)Forexample,inthe caseofyoungpeople􀆳sdrinking,oneofthethingsthatI􀆳veidentifiedisthatdrinkingfor people,say,betweentheagesof18and24isallaboutthesocialactivity.Alotofthe governmentadvertisinghasbeenaboutindividualresponsibility,butactuallyunderstanding thatdrinkingisverymuchaboutthesocialactivityandfindingwaystohelpyoungpeopleget homesafelyandnotendupinhospitalisoneofthethingsthatwe􀆳vetriedtopresentthere. Thekeythingaboutconsumerbehavioristhatit􀆳sverymuchabouthowconsumerschange. Marketsalwayschangefasterthanmarketing,sowehavetolookatwhatconsumersaredoing. CurrentlyIteachconsumerbehaviortoundergraduatesintheirsecondyear,andwelookedat allkindsofthingsinconsumerbehaviorandparticularlyhowconsumersarepresentedin advertising.Sotheygetinvolvedbylookingatadvertisingandreallycriticallyassessingthe consumerbehavioraspectsofit,andgettinginvolved,sometimesdoingprimaryresearch.(18) Forexample,lastyearmystudentsspentaweeklookingattheirownpurchasingandanalysed itindetailfromshoppingtotherelationshipthattheyhavewiththeirretailbanksandtheir mobilephoneproviders.Ithinktheyfounditveryusefulanditalsohelpedthemidentifyjust whatkindofbudgetstheyhadtoo.Thefactofthematteristhatthereisawholerangeof interestingresearchoutthere.AndIthinkastheyearsgoon,thereisgoingtobemuchmore forustoconsiderandcertainlymuchmoreforstudentstobecomeinvolvedin. 16.Whatisthespeakercurrentlydoing? 17.Whathasthespeakerfoundaboutyoungpeople􀆳sdrinking? 18.Whatdoesthespeakersaythathisstudentsdidlastyear? 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-6 1 1 5 22RecordingTwo (19)SwedenwasthefirstEuropeancountrytoprintandusepapermoney,butitmaysoon doawaywithphysicalcurrencies.Bankscansavealotofmoneyandavoidregulatoryheadaches bymovingtoacashfreesystem,andtheycanalsoavoidbankrobberies,theftanddirty money. ClaerBarrett,theeditorofFinancialTimesMoney,saysthe Westernworldisheaded towardaworldwithoutphysicalcurrency.AndyHolder,thechiefeconomistattheBankof England,suggestedthattheUKmovetowardsagovernment-backeddigitalcurrency.Butdoes acashlesssocietyreallymakegoodeconomicsense? Thefactthatcashisbeingdrawnoutof society,islessafeatureofoureverydaylives,andtheeaseofelectronicpayments.Isthis actuallymakingusspendmoremoneywithoutrealizingit? (20)Barrettwantedtofindoutiftheabsenceofphysicalcurrencydoesindeedcausea persontospendmore,soshedecidedtoconductanexperimentafewmonthsago.Shedecided thatshewasgoingtotrytojustusecashfortwoweekstomakeallofheressentialpurchases andseewhatthatwoulddotoherspending.Shefoundshedidspendalotlessmoney,because itisincrediblyhardtopredicthow muchcashoneisgoingtoneed.Shewasforeverdrawing moneyoutofcashpoints.Monthslater,shewasstillfindingcashstuffedinhertrouserpockets andthepocketsofherhandbags.(21)Duringthisexperiment,Barretttookatrainride.Onthe way,therewasanannouncementthattherestaurantcarwasnotcurrentlyacceptingcredit cards.Thetraincarswerefilledwithgroansbecausemanyofthepassengersweretraveling withoutcash.(22)“Itunderlinesjusthow muchthingshavechangedinthelastgeneration,” Barrettsays.“Myparents,whentheywereyounger,usedtobudgetbyputtingmoneyinto envelopes.They􀆳dgetpaidandthey􀆳dimmediatelyseparatethecashintopiles,andputthemin envelops,sotheyknewwhattheyhadtospendweekbyweek.Itwasaveryeffectivewayfor themtokeeptrackoftheirspending.” Nowadays,wearealloncreditcards;wearedoingonlinepurchasesandmoneyiskindof becomingalessphysicalandmoreimaginarytypeofthingthatwecan􀆳tgetourhandsaround. 19.WhatdowelearnaboutSweden? 20.WhatdidClaerBarrettwanttofindoutwithherexperiment? 21.WhatdidClaerBarrettfindonhertrainride? 22.Howdidpeopleofthelastgenerationbudgettheirspending? RecordingThree Whyshouldyouconsidertakingacourseindemographyincollege? Youwillbegrowing upinthegenerationwherethebabyboomersaregoingintoretirementanddying.Youwillface problemsintheagingofthepopulationthathaveneverbeenfacedbefore.Youwillhearmore andmoreaboutmigrationbetweencountries,andbetweenruralareasandcities.Youneedto understandasacitizen,andasataxpayer,andasavoter,what􀆳sreallybehindthearguments. (23)Iwanttotellyouaboutthepast,presentandfutureofthehumanpopulation,solet􀆳s startwithafewproblems.Rightnow,abillionpeoplearechronicallyhungry.Thatmeansthey wakeuphungry,theyarehungryalldayandtheygotosleephungry.Abillionpeopleare livinginslums,notthesamebillionpeople,butthereissomeoverlap.Livinginslumsmeans 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-6 1 1 6 22theydon􀆳thaveinfrastructuretotakethegarbageaway.Theydon􀆳thavesecurewatersupplies todrink.Nearlyabillionpeopleareilliterate.Trytoimagineyourlifebeingilliterate.Youcan􀆳t readthelabelsonthebottlesinthesupermarket,ifyoucangettoasupermarket.Two-thirds ofthosepeoplewhoareilliteratearewomen.Andabout200to250millionwomendon􀆳thave accesstobirthcontroltheywant,sothattheycan􀆳tcontroltheirownfertility.Thisisnotonly aproblemindevelopingcountries.(24)Abouthalfofallpregnanciesgloballyareunintended. Sothoseareexamplesofpopulationproblems. Demographygivesyouthetoolstounderstandandtoaddresstheseproblems.It􀆳snotonly thestudyofhumanpopulation,butthepopulationsofnon-humanspecies,includingviruses, likeinfluenza,thebacteriainyourgut,plantsthatyoueat,animalsthatyouenjoy,allthat provideyouwith meat.Demographyalsoincludesthestudyofnon-livingobjectslikelight bulbsandtaxicabsand buildings becausethesearealso populations.Itstudiesthese populationsinthepast,presentandfuture,usingquantitativedataandmathematicalmodelsas toolsofanalysis.Iseedemographyasacentralsubjectrelatedtoeconomics.(25)Itisthe meanstointervenemorewiselyandmoreeffectivelyintherealworldtoimprovethewellbeing notonlyofyourself,importantasthatmaybe,butofpeoplearoundyouandofotherspecies withwhomwesharetheplanet. 23.Whatisoneoftheproblemsthespeakermentionsinhistalk? 24.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutpregnancies? 25.Howdoesthespeakerviewthestudyofpopulations? PartIII ReadingComprehension 26~30:FLOHJ 31~35:MACDN 36~40:DLJEH 41~45:AGFOB 46~50:DACCB 51~55:ABDDA SectionA 我们不要再批评那些喜欢自言自语的人了。新研究发现,那些可能无法将自己内心独白深埋于心的人实际上 更有可能完成任务,注意力更为( )集中,并具有较高的认知能力。看来多喃喃自语几句,真不是什么坏事。 26 加里·卢皮昂教授和丹尼尔·斯威根雷教授在《实验心理学季刊》上发表了一系列关于这个实验的文章,实 验显示使用口头提示来( )激发记忆图像能够使人脑运作的更快。 27 在一项实验中,他们先向 位( )志愿者展示不同物体的图片,然后要求志愿者找出香蕉的图像。半数志 20 28 愿者在寻找的过程中被( )告知大声重复说出自己要寻找的物品,另一半的人则被要求( )闭口不言。研究人 29 30 员称与闭口不言的人相比,那些自言自语的人找到香蕉图片的速度略快一些。在其他实验中,卢皮昂教授和斯 威根雷教授发现,当人们在寻找常见物品时,开口 ( )说出这个物品的名字能加快人们的寻找速度,但是如果这 31 个东西本身并不常见,那么人们并不会从在寻找的过程中说出它的名字中受益,甚至还会减慢人们的寻找速度。 长久以来,一般研究都认为在完成一项任务期间孩子们自言自语将有助于他们学习,但是当你( )明显已 32 经成年时还这样做则不是( )有才华的表现。而这两位教授希望反驳这种观点,他们( )声称就像孩子在完成 33 34 任务过程中自言自语从而受益一样,成年人也能从自言自语中受益,而且有助于“增强思维”。 当然了,你仍然被鼓励自言自语时把声音保持在像在图书馆里说话时一样低,并且不管说什么,所说的信息 要像购物清单一样简要。因为不管说话( )音量的大小如何,其中总有可能包含一些冗余信息。 35 空格位于系动词 之后 可填入形容词 构成系表结构 备选项有 及 本句 26.F) remain , , , dedicated,focused sealed。 的主语为人 因此 密封的 不符合题意 喜欢独白的人与更多的献身精神似乎不相关 因此排除 , sealed“ ” , , 故答案为 专注的 注意力集中的 dedicated, focused“ , ”。 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-6 1 1 7 22空格位于动词不定式 结构中 由此判断应填入动词原形 备选项有 招致 蒙受 和 引 27.L) todo , 。 incur“ , ” trigger“ 发 激发 招致记忆图像 不符合汉语表达形式 因此答案为 引发 激发 , ”,“ ” , trigger“ , ”。 空格位于数词 之后 由此推断可填入名词的复数形式 备选项有 和 又因为 28.O) twenty , 。 spectators volunteers, 本句描述的是实验的具体过程 而实验本身与 旁观者 观众 关系不大 故排除 答案为 , “ , ” , spectators, volunteers 志愿者 “ ”。 空格位于 之后 处于 的结构中 可填入动词的过去分词 构成被动语态 备选项有 29.H) were , be…todosth. , , 。 和 意为 被告知做某事 故答案为 指导 告 instructed,dedicated sealed。beinstructedtodosth. “ ”。 instructed“ , 知 表示 志愿者被告知怎样做 ”, “ ……”。 空格位于名词 之后 且处于 的结构中 因此可填入动词的过去分词 备选项有 30.J) lips , keepsth.done , , dedicated 和 献身的 使嘴巴保持献身状态不符合汉语表达方式 故排除 因此答案为 sealed。dedicated“ ”, , ; sealed。keep 意为 闭口不言 缄口沉默 one􀆳slipssealed “ , ”。 空格为主语部分 且处于该主语的中心词位置 据此判断可填入动名词作主语 备选项为 和 31.M) , , 。 claiming 宣称 声称 宣称某物品的名字不符合中文表达的方式 而 强调 发声的动作 uttering。claiming“ , ”, , uttering “ ”, 此处用 说出 讲出 更为准确 故答案为 uttering“ , ” , M)。 空格位于吋间状语从句中 此从句主谓结构齐全 由此判断可填入副词 备选项有 和 32.A) , , , apparently 不清楚地 晦涩地 不能用来修饰 成熟 故排除 意为 明显地 显 obscurely。obscurely“ , ” matured“ ”, 。apparently “ , 然地 表示 显然成年时 故答案为 ”, “ ”, apparently。 空格位于介词 之后 可填入名词 表示所属关系 备选项中 自大 傲慢 旁观者 33.C) of , , , arrogance“ , ”、spectators“ , 观众 音量 皆不符合文意 故排除 因此答案为 才华 光辉 意为 这样做则不是有才华 ”、volume“ ” , , brilliance“ , ”, “ 的标志 ”。 空格位于主句之后 从句引导词 之前 可填入现在分词 构成现在分词作伴随状语的结构 备选项仅 34.D) , that , , 。 有 宣称 声称 一词 声称某种新观点 符合语境 故答案为 claiming“ , ” , , , D)。 空格位于代词 之后 据此判断可填入名词 备选项有 及 由于本段讨论 35.N) any , , arrogance,spectators volume。 的是自言自语的声音大小 应选择 音量 故答案为 , volume“ ”, N)。 SectionB 石油价格和碳价格 )( )化石燃料的价格很可能会“持续走低”。尽管最近在开发可再生能源方面取得重大进步,但是化石燃 A 41-1 料价格走低可能会阻碍清洁能源技术的进一步创新和使用,( )进而导致二氧化碳和其他温室气体的排 41-2 放量增加。 )政策制定者不能让化石能源价格走低破坏清洁能源转型。( )迫切需要通过纠正碳定价等措施来恢复合理 B 45 的价格,以降低气候变化引起的不可逆转或潜在的破坏性影响的风险。而且这一做法也能提高财政收益。 )自 年 月以来,石油价格的下跌已超过 。在石油行业,大家普遍认为“治疗低油价的最好方法就是低 C 2014 6 60% 油价”。这句话潜在的意思就是,低油价会导致人们减少对新产能的投资量,之后随着现有油田———以较低边 际成本开采的油田石油产量枯竭———最终将石油供给曲线推回,油价回升。事实上,依照过去的经验,许多 生产国(包括美国)石油生产部门的资本支出已大幅下降。然而,这次低油价的动态调整可能会有所不同。 )( )油价估计将长期保持较低的水平。新技术的出现使原油市场每天增加约 万桶原油,造成全球石油 D 36-1 420 供应过剩。( )此外,其他因素也对油价产生下行压力:比如,石油输出国组织战略行为的改变,伊朗出口 36-2 有可能增加,全球需求(尤其是新兴市场)的减少,美国在石油消费上长期呈下降趋势,以及使用石油的替代 品等。这些可能持续存在的因素,如页岩油的增长,都表明油价“持续走低”的可能性。( )期货市场表明, 36-3 到 年,油价仅会略有回升至每桶 美元,无形中也支持了上述观点。 2019 60 )天然气和煤炭———也是化石燃料———也呈类似价格下降的趋势,而且可能长时间的保持此状态。煤和天然 E 气主要用于发电,而石油主要用于运输,但所有这些能源的价格都是相互联系的。北美大量的页岩气导致那 里的油价创下了历史上的最低记录。最近在埃及外海发现的 大气田终将影响地中海和欧洲地区石油 Zohr 的价格,并且在其他许多地方也有巨大的发展潜力,特别是在阿根廷。( )由于供过于求和需求的大量减 39 少,尤其是消耗全球一半煤炭的中国对煤炭的需求量减少,这些都导致煤炭价格走低。 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-6 1 1 8 22)科学技术的创新大大提高了风力、水力、太阳能和地热等可再生能源的使用。( )即使是严重依赖化石燃料 F 43 出口的经济体,如非洲和中东地区,也有巨大的潜力开发可再生能源。例如,阿拉伯联合酋长国已经批准了 一项雄心勃勃的目标,即至 年,可再生能源的使用占一次能源消耗的 。 2021 24% )然而,如果化石燃料的价格长期走低,可再生能源的发展进程有可能变得非常脆弱。( )可再生能源在全球 G 42 一次能源消耗中只占小部分份额,化石能源仍在全球一次能源消耗中占主体地位———煤炭和石油的使用占 ,天然气占 。但是在未来,可再生能源必将在更大程度上取代化石燃料,这样才可能避免那些我们 30% 25% 无法承受的气候风险。 )不幸的是,目前石油、天然气和煤炭价格持续走低,这可能无法为寻找便宜的化石燃料的替代品提供动力。 H ( )大量有力证据表明,化石燃料的高价会强烈刺激清洁技术的创新和使用。而减少化石燃料排放的新技 40 术同样如此。 )目前化石燃料价格走低的情况必然会推迟化石燃料向清洁能源的转换。除非可再生能源变得足够便宜,以促 I 使大量的碳矿床长期滞留地下,如果不能永久的使碳矿床滞留地下,地球就可能会面临潜在的灾难性气候。 )一些气候影响可能已经凸显出来了。( )例如,联合国儿童基金会估计,几十年来,由于厄尔尼诺现象强盛, J 38 仅在非洲一地,就有大约 万儿童面临饥饿、疾病和缺水问题。许多科学家认为,因太平洋变暖导致的厄 1100 尔尼诺现象会因气候变化愈演愈烈。 )各国政府齐聚巴黎,参加联合国气候变化大会,签订通用的且具有法律效力的协议来减少温室气体的排放。 K 因为各国没有考虑到其碳排放对其他国家的负面影响,所以只有广泛参与才能全面解决全球性的悲剧。而 且,如果过多的国家不参与,还可能会损害参与国采取行动的政治意愿。 )参加联合国气候大会的各个国家注重量化减排承诺。( )经济论证表明,对每个国家来说,成本最低的方法 L 37 是对碳排放收费。原因是当碳被定价时,最低成本的减排措施会首先实施。国际货币基金组织认为,通过取 消化石燃料补贴和对因碳排放损害国内环境的企业或个体收费,将给各国带来可观的财政收入。对上游碳 源征税是对碳排放定价的一种简单可行方法,尽管一些国家可能希望使用其他方法,比如排放权交易机制。 为了使全球福利最大化,各国的碳定价不仅要反映出碳排放对本国的损害,还要反映出对他国的损害。 )因此,制定正确的碳价格将有效地使碳使用者支付的成本和使用碳的真实社会机会成本相一致。通过提高 M 对清洁能源的相对需求,碳价格也将有助于市场因其社会回报而重新开始革新清洁能源,推动现有技术的完 善和新技术的发展。碳价格将对碳捕捉及储存等技术提出需求,促进它们进一步发展。如果化石燃料的价 格没有依据合理的碳价格修订,化石燃料的低价则不能向巿场发出准确信号,表明清洁能源的真正社会效 益。虽然对碳排放造成损害的预测各有差异,而且的确也难以预测可能发生的灾难性气候事件造成的可能 代价,但是大多数预测都显示出众多负面影响。 )有些政府直接补贴研发工作,但用其来取代碳价格收效甚微:他们只是做了这项工作的一部分,市场上仍然 N 在过度使用化石燃料,从而增加了大气温室气体的库存,而且还没有考虑间接费用。 )希望联合国气候变化大会的成功,将开启未来有关碳价格的国际协议之门。国际碳价格下限的协议将是此 O 进程的良好起点。( )然而,如果不能全面解决温室气体排放问题,将把我们的世世代代置于无法估量的风 44 险之中。 由题干关键词 和 定位到 段 该段提到当前多种使油价走低的因素 并在该段最后一 36.D) factors oilprices D 。 ; 句提到期货市场的预测 即到 年 油价仅会略有回升至每桶 美元 故答案为 , 2019 , 60 , D)。 由题干关键词 和 定位到 段 该段第二句提到经济论证表明 对 37.L) pricingcarbon themosteconomicalway L 。 , 每个国家来说 成本最低的方法是对碳排放收费 原因是当碳被定价时 最低成本的减排措施会首先实施 , 。 , 。 题干中的 对应原文中的 与原文中的 pricingcarbon putapriceoncarbonemissions;themosteconomicalway 以及 属于同义替换 故答案为 theleastexpensiveway leastcostly , L)。 由题干关键同 定位到 段 该段提到联合国儿童基金会估计 几十年来 由于厄尔尼诺现 38.J) Africanchildren J 。 , , 象强盛 仅在非洲一地 就有大约 万儿童面临饥饿 疾病和缺水问题 题干中的 和原文 , , 1100 、 。 Africanchildren 中的 相对应 故答案为 childreninAfrica , J)。 由题干关键词 和 定位到 段 该段提到由于供过于求和需求的大量减少 39.E) thepricesofcoal over-supply E 。 , 尤其是消耗全球一半煤炭的中国对煤炭的需求量减少 这些都导致煤炭价格走低 题干中的 , 。 asaresultof 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-6 1 1 9 22对应原文中的 对应原文中的 故答案为 owingto;decreasing scaling-down, E)。 由题干关键词 和 定位至 段 该段第二句指出 大量 40.H) higherfossilfuelprices innovationandapplication H 。 , 有力证据表明 化石燃料的高价会强烈刺激清洁技术的创新和使用 题干中的 对应 , 。 provetobeconduciveto 原文中的 故答案为 arestronglyencouragedby, H)。 由题干关键词 和 定位到 段 该段第一句指出 化 41.A) fossilfuelprices,higheremissions greenhousegases A 。 , 石能源很长一段时间内会保持在较低水平 最后一句又指出 这会引起新能源创新不足 进而导致温室气体 。 , , 排放量增加 题干中的 和原文中的 相对应 故答案为 。 remainlowforalongtime stay“lowforlong” , A)。 由题干关键词 和 定位到 段 该段指出 虽然可再生能源有好 42.G) fossilfuels primaryenergyconsumption G 。 , 处 但目前化石燃料仍然是当今全球的一次能源消耗 题干中的 对应原文中的 , 。 remainthemajorsourceof is 故答案为 stilldominatedby, G)。 由题干关键词 和 定位到 段 该段第二句指出 即 43.F) exportingcountries have…potentialtodeveloprenewable F 。 , 使是严重依赖化石燃料出口的经济体 如非洲和中东地区 也有巨大的潜力开发可再生能源 故答案为 , , , F)。 由题干关键词 定位到 段 该段最后一句指出 如果不能全面解决温室气体 44.O) greenhousegasemissions O 。 , 排放问题 将把我们的世世代代置于无法估量的风险之中 题干中的 与原文 , 。 poseendlessrisksformankind 中的 相对应 故答案为 exposesallgenerations…toincalculablerisks , O)。 由题干关键词 定位到 段 该段第二句指出 政策制定者不能让能源价格走低 45.B) effectsofclimatechange B 。 , 来破坏清洁能源转型 迫切需要通过纠正碳定价等措施来恢复合理的价格 以降低气候变化引起的不可逆 。 , 转或潜在的破坏性影响的风险 题干是对定位句的同义转述 故答案为 。 , B)。 SectionC PassageOne 在许多领域中,开放数据分享者仍然只有少数。( )尽管很多研究人员公开表示让普通公众接触到原始数 46 据将推动科学发展,但大多数人还是不太愿意在网上公开他们自己的研究结果。 ( )有些研究群体已经同意进行线上分享———例如,遗传学专家们将 序列上传到了美国基因库数据 47 DNA 库中,而天文学家们则习惯于从“斯隆数字天空观测”中调取星系和恒星的照片,这台天文望远镜观测了 亿个 5 天体———但是,这些仍然只是特例,而不是惯例。一直以来,科学家们以诸多理由拒绝分享:这是辛勤劳动得来 的;到目前为止,好的数据库仍然没有出现;基金设立者们并不敦促科学家们进行分享;数据格式的标准很难统 一;以及目前还没有公认的方法认定数据的准确性。 ( / )但这些障碍在逐渐消失,部分原因是全球的期刊和基金机构都在鼓励科学家公开自己的研究数 48-149 据。( )去年,英国伦敦皇家学会在其报告中称,科学家们应该“改变将数据视为私人专利的研究风气”。基金 48-2 机构则提出由公众出资进行研究而得来的数据应该是公开的信息,而科学界也逐渐意识到现在数据可以以前所 未有的数字化方式进行分享。为满足日益增长的需求,各种服务层出不穷,使得在线发表研究结果更加容易,也 让其他研究人员能够发现和加以引用。 ( )尽管分享数据的号召常常着眼于分享的道德优势,但是这种做法也并不纯粹是利他的。进行分享的研 50 究者个人也会大获裨益,包括与同事更多的接触、提高知名度和数据引用频率。最成功的分享者们———他们的 数据被频繁的下载和引用———从而获得关注,而且其著作也常被引用。例如,多学科数据库德律阿得斯是最受 欢迎的数据集之一,它与全球木材密度有关;而且已经被下载过 多次了。联合作者艾米·扎内认为,使用 5700 者很可能囊括了从想要估算生物炭储量的气候变化研究者到寻找不同等级木材信息的林业工作者。“我十分乐 意自己的数据被最广泛的人群为了询问他们自己问题而使用,”她说道,“让读者和评论者们看到你是如何得出 结论的,这很重要。发表数据和编码能让你的科学得以再生。” 即使其数据不那么受欢迎,人们也能够受益。通过对文件进行整合和标注,让他人能够理解,这样的努力使 科学家们更加有条理和自律,避免日后出现混淆。 由题干中的 和 定位到文章第一段第二句 该句的前半句指出 很多研究人员公 46.D) manyresearchers accept 。 “ 开表示让大众接触到原始数据将推动科学发展 可见进行开放数据分享对于科学发展是有益的 且已被大 ”, , 多数研究者们所接受 故答案为 , D)。 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-6 1 2 0 22由题干中的 和 定位到文章第二段 该段指出 尽管有一些科研群体进行了在线 47.A) attitude mostresearchers 。 , 分享 但这仅仅是特例 一直以来 科学家们以诸多理由拒绝分享 这是辛勤劳动得来的 到目前为止 好的 , 。 , : ; , 数据库仍然没有出现 基金设立者们并不敦促科学家们进行分享 数据格式的标准很难统一 以及目前还没 ; ; ; 有公认的方法认定数据的准确性 由此可知 该段明确提到科学家们对于分享数据的拒绝态度 故 。 , 。 B) 模棱两可的 慷慨的 中立的 都可排除 故选 Ambiguous“ ”,C)Liberal“ ”,D)Neutral“ ”, , A)。 根据题干中的 定位到文章第三段前两句 第三段第一句指出 阻碍数据分享的 48.C) hinderopendatasharing 。 , 障碍正在逐渐消失 第二句指出 皇家学会呼吁科学家们应改变将数据作为自己的私人专利的研究风气 可 ; , 。 见 皇家学会呼吁摒弃的观念就是阻碍数据分享的重要因素 故答案为 , , C)。 由题干中的 和 定位到文章第三段第一句 该段指出 阻碍数据分享的障碍正在逐渐消失 部 49.C) lift barriers 。 , , 分原因在于期刊和基金机构鼓励科学家们公开自己的数据 科学界自身意识到了在线数据分享的便利 而 。 , 技术的发展也为数据分享数据提供了更好的服务 综合可知 期刊和基金设立者态度的转变为数据分享逐 。 , 渐扫清了障碍 故答案为 , C)。 由题干中的人名 定位到文章第四段前四句 此处提到 多学科数据库德律阿得斯是最受欢迎的数 50.B) Dryad 。 , 据集之一 而作者在定位段开头就指出分享数据并不纯粹是利他的 进行分享的研究者个人也会大获裨益 , , , 最成功的分享者们会引起关注 其著作也得到引用 可见这一例证是为了说明数据分享不仅能让研究者获 , 。 得成功 还对数据引用者大有益处 故答案为 , , B)。 PassageTwo ( )梅西百货报告指出,在 月和 月其营业一年以上的门店销售额下降了 ,这一令人失望的假 55-1 11 12 5.2% 期销售业绩为面临广泛挑战的百货连锁店艰难的一年画上了句号。( )它在美国主要城市的旗舰店的销售额 51 很大程度上依赖国际旅游者的消费,而且由于美元强劲,许多零售店旅游消费均出现缩水现象。同时,梅西百货 仅仅吸引住了旅游和外出就餐的顾客,而没有吸引住对新的服装和饰品感兴趣的顾客。 ( )该公司将 月和 月的不良表现主要归咎于不合时宜的暖冬。“大约 的年度同比销售额下滑 52-1 11 12 80% 可以归因于冬季货品的短缺,”首席执行官泰瑞·伦德格伦在媒体发布会上说。这导致该公司削减了整个四季 度的预算。 ( )然而,梅西显然清楚自己的麻烦远比暂时不合时宜的暖冬要麻烦得多。( )这个零售巨贾今年令人 52-2 53 不满的财务表现将迫使它开始采取措施削减 亿美元开支。公司提出要减少 个后勤岗位,尽管其中大约有 4 600 名员工将被重新安排从事其他工作。它还计划要给 名高级管理人员提供“自动离职”一揽子计划。它将 150 165 大幅削减名下 个门店的工作人员,此举将影响大约 名员工。 770 3000 该零售商还公布了 年初将要关闭的 家门店的具体位置。此前,公司虽然宣称计划关闭门店,但是 2016 36 并没有明确具体位置。华盛顿城区的连锁门店将不会被关闭。 梅西百货也在积极采取行动力争在新的商业时代重振雄风。它已计划开设更多的“幕后梅西”,这个新的折 扣店可能有助于梅西百货更好地对抗野心勃勃的 折扣店。( )它还将在 年大力推进扩展去年 T.J.Maxx 54 2016 收购的美妆用品连锁 。在这个年轻的美妆购买者往往光顾丝芙兰和犹他,而不是百货商场美妆专 Bluemercury 柜的时代,梅西希望 能够有助于巩固其在这一类商品的地位。 Bluemercury 这个休假季中,梅西相对的亮点在于其线上销售渠道,该领域的销售额增长达到了两位数,而实际订单也增 长了 。这个相对的强劲趋势在这个休假季的早期与更广泛的零售行业中所见的情况始终一致。( )尽 25% 55-2 管在感恩节、黑色星期五和网络星期一,线上销售额达到历史最高峰,门店销售额却直线下滑。 由题干中的 定位到文章首段第二句 第二句明确指出 梅西 51.A) shrinkingspendingofinternationaltourists 。 , 百货在美国主要城市的旗舰店主要依赖国际旅游者消费 但是今年的休假季许多零售店旅游消费均出现缩 , 水 原因就是美元过于强劲 故答案为 , , A)。 由题干中的 和 定位到文章第二段第一句和第三段第一句 第二段第一句指 52.B) Macy􀆳sbelieve itsproblems 。 出 该公司将 月和 月的不良表现主要归咎于不合时宜的暖冬 但是在第三段第一句中也提到 梅西并 , 11 12 , : 不是把销售额减少仅仅归因于天气 并在下文介绍了它缩减开支 调整发展计划的相关信息 可见梅西百货 , 、 , 并非将销售表现不佳仅仅归因于天气 故答案为 , B)。 根据题干中的 定位到文章第三段第二句至最后一句 定位句指出 梅西百货为了减少开支 减 53.D) cutcosts 。 , , 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-6 1 2 1 22少了 个后勤岗位 还计划鼓励高级管理人员主动离职 并减少多家门店的员工人数 可见其缩减开支的 600 , , , 主要手段是裁员 故答案为 , D)。 由题干中的专有名词 和 定位到文章第五段第三 四句 定位句指出 梅西百货将在 54.D) Bluemercury in2016 、 。 , 年大力推进扩展它去年收购的美妆用品连锁 目的是希望 能够帮助梅西百货 2016 Bluemercury, Bluemercury 巩固在这一品类的地位 与其他的美妆专营店竞争 故答案为 , , D)。 由题干中的 定位到文章第一段第一句和最后一段最后一句 第一个定位句指出 梅西百 55.A) holidayseason 。 , 货在休假季的整体销售业绩是不理想的 第二个定位句提到 线上销售达到了历史最好水平 但是门店的销 ; , , 售还是直线下滑 可见实体店的销售还是下降的 故答案为 。 , A)。 PartIV Translation 【参考译文】 DuringtheSongDynasty,whichlastedfrom960till1279,theeconomicboommadeChina becomethemostdevelopedcountryintheworld.Withthethrivingeconomycameflourishing scenesofscience,technology,philosophyand mathematics.Chinabackthenwasthefirst countrytoissuepapermoney,usegunpowderandinventmovable-typeprintingintheworld. Aspopulationballooned,moreand morepeoplemovedtocitieswherethereweredynamic entertainmentvenues.ChinaduringtheSong Dynastyfeatureddiversesociallife.People gatheredtoappreciateandtradevaluableartworks.TheSongDynastyfeaturedadvanced administration,withallofficialsselectedthroughcompetitiveexamination. 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-6 1 2 2 22