六级2019-12-2_四六级真题+资料包_六级真题_2019真题+解析

机密 启用前 ★ 大 学 英 语 六 级 考 试 ＣＯＬＬＥＧＥ ＥＮＧＬＩＳＨ ＴＥＳＴ —Ｂａｎｄ Ｓｉｘ— （２０１９ 年 １２ 月第 ２ 套） 试 题 册 ☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆ 敬 告 考 生 一、 在答题前， 请认真完成以下内容： 1. 请检查试题册背面条形码粘贴条 答题卡的印刷质量 如有问题及时向监考员反映 、 ， ， 确认无误后完成以下两点要求 。 2. 请将试题册背面条形码粘贴条揭下后粘贴在答题卡 1 的条形码粘贴框内 并将姓名和 ， 准考证号填写在试题册背面相应位置 。 3. 请在答题卡 1 和答题卡 2 指定位置用黑色签字笔填写准考证号 姓名和学校名称 并 、 ， 用 HB 2B 铅笔将对应准考证号的信息点涂黑 ⁃ 。 二、 在考试过程中， 请注意以下内容： 1. 所有题目必须在答题卡上规定位置作答 在试题册上或答题卡上非规定位置的作答一 ， 律无效 。 2. 请在规定时间内在答题卡指定位置依次完成作文 听力 阅读 翻译各部分考试 作 、 、 、 ， 答作文期间不得翻阅该试题册 听力录音播放完毕后 请立即停止作答 监考员将立 。 ， ， 即收回答题卡 1 得到监考员指令后方可继续作答 ， 。 3. 作文题内容印在试题册背面 作文题及其他主观题必须用黑色签字笔在答题卡指定区 ， 域内作答 。 4. 选择题均为单选题 错选 不选或多选将不得分 作答时必须使用 HB 2B 铅笔在答题 ， 、 ， ⁃ 卡上相应位置填涂 修改时须用橡皮擦净 ， 。 三、 以下情况按违规处理： 1. 未正确填写 涂 个人信息 错贴 不贴 毁损条形码粘贴条 （ ） ， 、 、 。 2. 未按规定翻阅试题册 提前阅读试题 提前或在收答题卡期间作答 、 、 。 3. 未用所规定的笔作答 折叠或毁损答题卡导致无法评卷 、 。 4. 考试期间在非听力考试时间佩戴耳机 。 全国大学英语四、 六级考试委员会Ｐａｒｔ ＩＩ Ｌｉｓｔｅｎｉｎｇ Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎ (３０ ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ) Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ａ Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ Ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｙｏｕ ｗｉｌｌ ｈｅａｒ ｔｗｏ ｌｏｎｇ ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎｓ． Ａｔ ｔｈｅ ｅｎｄ ｏｆ ｅａｃｈ ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ ｙｏｕ ： ， ， ｗｉｌｌ ｈｅａｒ ｆｏｕｒ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ． Ｂｏｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ｗｉｌｌ ｂｅ ｓｐｏｋｅｎ ｏｎｌｙ ｏｎｃｅ． Ａｆｔｅｒ ｙｏｕ ｈｅａｒ ａ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ ｙｏｕ ｍｕｓｔ ｃｈｏｏｓｅ ｔｈｅ ｂｅｓｔ ａｎｓｗｅｒ ｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｅ ｆｏｕｒ ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ ｍａｒｋｅｄ ， Ａ Ｂ Ｃ ａｎｄ Ｄ ． Ｔｈｅｎ ｍａｒｋ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ ｌｅｔｔｅｒ ｏｎ Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Ｓｈｅｅｔ １ ｗｉｔｈ ａ ）， ）， ） ） ｓｉｎｇｌｅ ｌｉｎｅ ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ｔｈｅ ｃｅｎｔｒｅ． Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ １ ｔｏ ４ ａｒｅ ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ ｙｏｕ ｈａｖｅ ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ． 1. A) It focuses exclusively on jazz. C) It has several branches in London. B) It sponsors major jazz concerts. D) It displays albums by new music talents. 2. A) It originated with cowboys. B) Its market has now shrunk. C) Its listeners are mostly young people. D) It remains as widespread as hip hop music. 3. A) Its definition is varied and complicated. B) It is still going through experimentation. C) It is frequently accompanied by singing. D) Its style has remained largely unchanged. 4. A) Learn to play them. C) Listen to them yourself. B) Take music lessons. D) Consult jazz musicians. Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ５ ｔｏ ８ ａｒｅ ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ ｙｏｕ ｈａｖｅ ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ． 5. A) She paid her mortgage. C) She made a business plan. B) She called on the man. D) She went to the bank. 6. A) Her previous debt hadnt been cleared yet. C) She had apparently asked for too much. 􀆳 B) Her credit history was considered poor. D) She didnt pay her mortgage in time. 􀆳 7. A) Pay a debt long overdue. C) Start her own business. B) Buy a piece of property. D) Check her credit history. ６ １ ·8. A) Seek advice from an expert about fundraising. B) Ask for smaller loans from different lenders. C) Build up her own finances step by step. D) Revise her business proposal carefully. Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ｂ Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ Ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｙｏｕ ｗｉｌｌ ｈｅａｒ ｔｗｏ ｐａｓｓａｇｅｓ． Ａｔ ｔｈｅ ｅｎｄ ｏｆ ｅａｃｈ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｙｏｕ ｗｉｌｌ ｈｅａｒ ｔｈｒｅｅ ： ， ， ｏｒ ｆｏｕｒ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ． Ｂｏｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ｗｉｌｌ ｂｅ ｓｐｏｋｅｎ ｏｎｌｙ ｏｎｃｅ． Ａｆｔｅｒ ｙｏｕ ｈｅａｒ ａ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ ｙｏｕ ｍｕｓｔ ｃｈｏｏｓｅ ｔｈｅ ｂｅｓｔ ａｎｓｗｅｒ ｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｅ ｆｏｕｒ ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ ｍａｒｋｅｄ Ａ Ｂ Ｃ ， ）， ）， ） ａｎｄ Ｄ ． Ｔｈｅｎ ｍａｒｋ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ ｌｅｔｔｅｒ ｏｎ Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Ｓｈｅｅｔ １ ｗｉｔｈ ａ ｓｉｎｇｌｅ ｌｉｎｅ ） ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ｔｈｅ ｃｅｎｔｒｅ． Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ９ ｔｏ １１ ａｒｅ ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｙｏｕ ｈａｖｅ ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ． 9. A) It is profitable and environmentally friendly. B) It is well located and completely automated. C) It is small and unconventional. D) It is fertile and productive. 10. A) Their urge to make farming more enjoyable. B) Their desire to improve farming equipment. C) Their hope to revitalize traditional farming. D) Their wish to set a new farming standard 11. A) It saves a lot of electricity. C) It causes hardly any pollution. B) It needs little maintenance. D) It loosens soil while weeding. Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ １２ ｔｏ １５ ａｒｅ ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｙｏｕ ｈａｖｅ ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ． 12. A) It has turned certain insects into a new food source. B) It has started to expand business outside the UK. C) It has imported some exotic foods from overseas. D) It has joined hands with Sainsburys to sell pet insects. 􀆳 13. A) It was really unforgettable. C) It hurt his throat slightly. B) It was a pleasant surprise. D) It made him feel strange. ６ ２ ·14. A) They are more tasty than beef, chicken or pork. B) They are more nutritious than soups and salads. C) They contain more protein than conventional meats. D) They will soon gain popularity throughout the world. 15. A) It is environmentally friendly. C) It requires new technology. B) It is a promising industry. D) It saves huge amounts of labour. Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ｃ Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ Ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｙｏｕ ｗｉｌｌ ｈｅａｒ ｔｈｒｅｅ ｒｅｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｓ ｏｆ ｌｅｃｔｕｒｅｓ ｏｒ ｔａｌｋｓ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄ ｂｙ ｔｈｒｅｅ ｏｒ ｆｏｕｒ ： ， ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ． Ｔｈｅ ｒｅｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｓ ｗｉｌｌ ｂｅ ｐｌａｙｅｄ ｏｎｌｙ ｏｎｃｅ． Ａｆｔｅｒ ｙｏｕ ｈｅａｒ ａ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ ｙｏｕ ｍｕｓｔ ， ｃｈｏｏｓｅ ｔｈｅ ｂｅｓｔ ａｎｓｗｅｒ ｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｅ ｆｏｕｒ ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ ｍａｒｋｅｄ Ａ Ｂ Ｃ ａｎｄ Ｄ ． Ｔｈｅｎ ｍａｒｋ ｔｈｅ ）， ）， ） ） ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ ｌｅｔｔｅｒ ｏｎ Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Ｓｈｅｅｔ １ ｗｉｔｈ ａ ｓｉｎｇｌｅ ｌｉｎｅ ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ｔｈｅ ｃｅｎｔｒｅ． Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ １６ ｔｏ １８ ａｒｅ ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｒｅｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ ｙｏｕ ｈａｖｅ ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ． 16. A) To categorize different types of learners. B) To find out what students prefer to learn. C) To understand the mechanism of the human brain. D) To see if they are inherent traits affecting learning. 17. A) It was defective. C) It was original in design. B) It was misguided. D) It was thought provoking. ⁃ 18. A) Auditory aids are as important as visual aids. B) Visual aids are helpful to all types of learners. C) Reading plain texts is more effective than viewing pictures. D) Scientific concepts are hard to understand without visual aids. Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ １９ ｔｏ ２２ ａｒｅ ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｒｅｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ ｙｏｕ ｈａｖｅ ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ． 19. A) Not playing a role in a workplace revolution. B) Not benefiting from free market capitalism. ⁃ C) Not earning enough money to provide for the family. D) Not spending enough time on family life and leisure. ６ ３ ·20. A) People would be working only fifteen hours a week now. B) The balance of power in the workplace would change. C) Technological advances would create many new jobs. D) Most workers could afford to have house of their own. 21. A) Loss of workers personal dignity. 􀆳 B) Deprivation of workers creativity. 􀆳 C) Deterioration of workers mental health. 􀆳 D) Unequal distribution of working hours. Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ２２ ｔｏ ２５ ａｒｅ ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｙｏｕ ｈａｖｅ ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ． 22. A) It is the worst managed airport in German history. B) It is now the biggest and busiest airport in Europe. C) It has become something of a joke among Germans. D) It has become a typical symbol of German efficiency. 23. A) The citys airports are outdated. C) The city wanted to boost its economy. 􀆳 B) The city had just been reunified. D) The city wanted to attract more tourists. 24. A) The municipal government kept changing hands. B) The construction firm breached the contract. C) Shortage of funding delayed its construction. D) Problems of different kinds kept popping up. 25. A) Tourism industry in Berlin suffers. C) Huge maintenance costs accumulate. B) All kinds of equipment gets rusted. D) Complaints by local residents increase. Ｐａｒｔ ＩＩＩ Ｒｅａｄｉｎｇ Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎ (４０ ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ) Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ａ Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ Ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｔｈｅｒｅ ｉｓ ａ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｅｎ ｂｌａｎｋｓ． Ｙｏｕ ａｒｅ ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｄ ｔｏ ｓｅｌｅｃｔ ｏｎｅ ｗｏｒｄ ｆｏｒ ： ， ｅａｃｈ ｂｌａｎｋ ｆｒｏｍ ａ ｌｉｓｔ ｏｆ ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ ｇｉｖｅｎ ｉｎ ａ ｗｏｒｄ ｂａｎｋ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ． Ｒｅａｄ ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙ ｂｅｆｏｒｅ ｍａｋｉｎｇ ｙｏｕｒ ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ． Ｅａｃｈ ｃｈｏｉｃｅ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｂａｎｋ ｉｓ ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｅｄ ｂｙ ａ ｌｅｔｔｅｒ． Ｐｌｅａｓｅ ｍａｒｋ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ ｌｅｔｔｅｒ ｆｏｒ ｅａｃｈ ｉｔｅｍ ｏｎ Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Ｓｈｅｅｔ ２ ｗｉｔｈ ａ ｓｉｎｇｌｅ ｌｉｎｅ ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ｔｈｅ ｃｅｎｔｒｅ． Ｙｏｕ ｍａｙ ｎｏｔ ｕｓｅ ａｎｙ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｗｏｒｄｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｂａｎｋ ｍｏｒｅ ｔｈａｎ ｏｎｃｅ． ６ ４ ·The persistent haze over many of our cities is a reminder of the polluted air that we breathe. Over 80% of the worlds urban population is breathing air that fails to meet World Health 􀆳 Organisation guidelines, and an estimated 4.5 million people died 26 from outdoor air pollution in 2015. Globally, urban populations are expected to double in the next 40 years, and an extra 2 billion people will need new places to live, as well as services and ways to move around their cities. What is more important, the decisions that we make now about the design of our cities will 27 the everyday lives and health of the coming generations. So what would a smog free, or at least low ⁃ ⁃ pollution, city be like? Traffic has become 28 with air pollution, and many countries intend to ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars in the next two decades. But simply 29 to electric cars will not mean pollution free cities. The level of emissions they cause will depend on how the electricity to run them ⁃ is 30 , while brakes, tyres and roads all create tiny airborne 31 as they wear out. Across the developed world, car use is in decline as more people move to city centers, while young people especially are 32 for other means of travel. Researchers are already asking if motor vehicle use has reached its 33 and will decline, but transport planners have yet to catch up with this 34 , instead of laying new roads to tackle traffic jams. As users of Londons orbital M25 􀆳 motorway will know, new roads rapidly fill with more traffic. In the US, studies have shown that doubling the size of a road can 35 double the traffic, taking us back to the starting point. A) alternate I) particles B) crown J) peak C) determine K) prematurely D) generated L) simply E) locating M) switching F) merged N) synonymous G) miniatures O) trend H) opting Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ｂ Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ Ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｙｏｕ ａｒｅ ｇｏｉｎｇ ｔｏ ｒｅａｄ ａ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｅｎ ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓ ａｔｔａｃｈｅｄ ｔｏ ｉｔ． Ｅａｃｈ ： ， ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔ ｃｏｎｔａｉｎｓ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｇｉｖｅｎ ｉｎ ｏｎｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈｓ． Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙ ｔｈｅ ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ ｆｒｏｍ ｗｈｉｃｈ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｉｓ ｄｅｒｉｖｅｄ． Ｙｏｕ ｍａｙ ｃｈｏｏｓｅ ａ ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ ｍｏｒｅ ｔｈａｎ ｏｎｃｅ． Ｅａｃｈ ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ ｉｓ ｍａｒｋｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ａ ｌｅｔｔｅｒ． Ａｎｓｗｅｒ ｔｈｅ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ｂｙ ｍａｒｋｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ ｌｅｔｔｅｒ ｏｎ Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Ｓｈｅｅｔ ２. ６ ５ ·Ｈｏｗ Ｍｕｃｈ Ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ Ｄｏ Ｙｏｕ Ｒｅａｌｌｙ Ｎｅｅｄ？ [A] The marketing is tempting: Get stronger muscles and healthier bodies with minimal effort by adding protein powder to your morning shake or juice drink. Or grab a protein bar at lunch or for a quick snack. Today, you can find protein supplements everywhere online or at the pharmacy, — grocery store or health food store. They come in powders, pills and bars. With more than $ 12 billion in sales this year, the industry is booming and, according to the market research company, Grand View Research, is on track to sell billions more by 2025. But do we really need all this supplemental protein? It depends. There are pros, cons and some other things to consider. [B] For starters, protein is critical for every cell in our body. It helps build nails, hair, bones and muscles. It can also help you feel fuller longer than eating foods without protein. And, unlike nutrients that are found only in a few foods, protein is present in all foods. The typical “ American diet is a lot higher in protein than a lot of us think, says registered dietitian Angela ” Pipitone. Its in foods many of us expect, such as beef, chicken and other types of meat and “ 􀆳 dairy. But its also in foods that may not come immediately to mind like vegetables, fruit, beans 􀆳 and grains. ” [C] The U.S. governments recommended daily allowance (RDA) for the average adult is 50 to 60 􀆳 grams of protein a day. This may sound like a lot, but Pipitone says: We get bits of protein here “ and there and that really adds up throughout the day. Take, for example, breakfast. If you eat ” two eggs topped with a little bit of cheese and an orange on the side, you already have 22 grams of protein. Each egg gives you 7 grams, the cheese gives you about 6 grams and the orange — about 2 grams. Add a lunch of chicken, rice and ｂｒｏｃｃｏｌｉ （西兰花）, and you are already over the recommended 50 grams. You can get enough protein and meet the RDA before you even get to “ dinner, says Pipitone. ” [D] So if its so easy to get your protein in food, why add more in the form of powders, snack bars or 􀆳 a boost at your local juice bar? No need to, says Pipitone, because, in fact, most of us already get enough protein in our diet. Whole foods are always the best option rather than adding “ supplements, she says, noting the FDA does not regulate supplements as rigorously as foods or ” drugs. So there could be less protein, more sugar and some additives you wouldnt expect, such 􀆳 as ｃａｆｆｅｉｎｅ (咖啡因). [E] If you are considering a supplement, read the list of ingredients, she says, although this is not always reliable. Ive seen very expensive protein supplements that claim to be high quality but “ 􀆳 ６ ６ ·they might not really be beneficial for the average healthy adult, she says. It could just be a ” “ waste of money. ” [F] But there are certain situations that do warrant extra protein. Anytime youre repairing or “ 􀆳 building muscle, Pipitone says, such as if youre an extreme endurance athlete, training for a ” 􀆳 marathon, or youre a body builder. If youre moderately exercising for 150 minutes a week, as 􀆳 􀆳 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends, or less than that, youre probably 􀆳 not an extreme athlete. Extreme athletes expend lots of energy breaking down and repairing and building muscles. Protein can give them the edge they need to speed that process. [G] Vegans can benefit from protein supplements since they do not eat animal based protein sources ⁃ like meat, dairy or eggs. And, for someone always on the go who may not have time for a meal, ⁃ ⁃ a protein snack bar can be a good option for occasional meal replacement. Also, individuals recovering from surgery or an injury can also benefit from extra protein. So, too, can older people. At around age 60, muscles really start to break down, says Kathryn Starr, an aging “ ” researcher, and because of that, the protein needs of an older adult actually increase. “ ” [H] In fact, along with her colleague Connie Bales, Starr recently conducted a small study that found that adding extra protein foods to the diet of obese older individuals who were trying to lose weight strengthened their muscles. Participants in the study were separated into two groups — one group was asked to eat 30 grams of protein per meal in the form of whole foods. That meant they were eating 90 grams of protein a day. The other group the control group was put on — — a typical low calorie diet with about 50 to 60 grams of protein a day. After six months, ⁃ researchers found the high protein group had significantly improved their muscle function — almost twice as much as the control group. They were able to walk faster, had improved “ balance, and were also able to get up out of a chair faster than the control group, Starr says. All ” 67 participants were over 60 years of age, and both groups lost about the same amount of weight. [I] Starr is now looking into whether high protein diets also improve the quality of the muscle itself in ⁃ seniors. Shes using CT scans to measure muscle size and fat, and comparing seniors on a high 􀆳 ⁃ protein diet to those on regular diets. She says her findings should be available in a couple of months. ６ ７ ·[J] In the meantime, 70 year old Corliss Keith, who was in the high protein group in Starrs latest ⁃ ⁃ 􀆳 study, says she feels a big difference. I feel excellent, she says. I feel like I have a different “ ” “ body, I have more energy, Im stronger. She says she is able to take Zumba exercise classes three 􀆳 ” times a week, work out on the ｔｒｅａｄｍｉｌｌ (跑步机), and take long, brisk walks. Keith also lost more than 15 pounds. Im a fashionable person, so now Im back in my 3 inch heels, she says. “ 􀆳 􀆳 ⁃ ” [K] As people age, Starr says muscle strength is key to helping them stay strong and continue living on their own in their own home. I feel very much alive now, says Keith. I feel like I could “ ” “ stay by myself until Im 100. 􀆳 ” [L] But can people overdo protein? Pipitone says you do have to be careful. Other researchers say too much protein can cause ｃｒａｍｐｓ （痉挛）, headaches, and fatigue. Ｄｅｈｙｄｒａｔｉｏｎ（脱水） is also a risk when you eat too much protein. Pipitone says if you increase protein, you also have to increase your fluid intake. I always tell people to make sure theyre drinking enough fluids, “ 􀆳 ” which for the average person is 60 to 70 ounces a day, which translates into eight 8 ounce glasses ⁃ of water or liquid per day. [M] There have been some indications that extra protein makes the kidneys work harder, which could be problematic for individuals with a history of kidney disease and for them, the supplements may increase the risk of kidney stones, she says. [N] Bottom line, if you think you need more protein in your diet, consider these questions: Are you an extreme athlete; are you recovering from injury or surgery; or are you 60 years or older? If so, adding high protein foods like eggs and meat products to your diet can be beneficial. And, if youre not sure, it is always a good idea to check with your primary care provider. 􀆳 36. It is quite easy for one to take in the recommended amount of protein. 37. Pipitone claims that healthy adults need not spend money on protein supplements. 38. The protein supplement business is found to be thriving. 39. Protein can speed the repairing of damaged muscles. 40. Protein supplements may overburden some internal organ, thus leading to its malfunctioning. 41. Older adults need to take in more protein to keep their muscles strong. ６ ８ ·42. Protein is found in more foods than people might realize. 43. Additional protein was found to help strengthen the muscles of overweight seniors seeking weight loss. 44. Pipitone believes that whole foods provide the best source of protein. 45. People are advised to drink more liquid when they take in more protein. Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ｃ Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ Ｔｈｅｒｅ ａｒｅ ２ ｐａｓｓａｇｅｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ． Ｅａｃｈ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｉｓ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄ ｂｙ ｓｏｍｅ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ｏｒ ： ｕｎｆｉｎｉｓｈｅｄ ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓ． Ｆｏｒ ｅａｃｈ ｏｆ ｔｈｅｍ ｔｈｅｒｅ ａｒｅ ｆｏｕｒ ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ ｍａｒｋｅｄ Ａ Ｂ Ｃ ａｎｄ ）， ）， ） Ｄ ． Ｙｏｕ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｄｅｃｉｄｅ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｂｅｓｔ ｃｈｏｉｃｅ ａｎｄ ｍａｒｋ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ ｌｅｔｔｅｒ ｏｎ Ａｎｓｗｅｒ ） Ｓｈｅｅｔ ２ ｗｉｔｈ ａ ｓｉｎｇｌｅ ｌｉｎｅ ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ｔｈｅ ｃｅｎｔｒｅ． Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ Ｏｎｅ Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ４６ ｔｏ ５０ ａｒｅ ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ． Last year, a child was born at a hospital in the UK with her heart outside her body. Few babies survive this rare condition, and those who do must endure numerous operations and are likely to have complex needs. When her mother was interviewed, three weeks after her daughters birth, she was 􀆳 asked if she was prepared for what might be a ｄａｕｎｔｉｎｇ （令人生畏的） task caring for her. She answered without hesitation that, as far as she was concerned, this would be a privilege . “ ” Rarely has there been a better example of the power of attitude, one of our most powerful psychological tools. Our attitudes allow us to turn mistakes into opportunities, and loss into the chance for new beginnings. An attitude is a settled way of thinking, feeling and/or behaving towards particular objects, people, events or ideologies. We use our attitudes to filter, interpret and react to the world around us. You werent born with attitudes; rather they are all learned, and this happens in a 􀆳 number of ways. The most powerful influences occur during early childhood and include both what happened to you directly, and what those around you did and said in your presence. As you acquire a distinctive identity, your attitudes are further refined by the behavior of those with whom you identify your — family, those of your gender and culture, and the people you admire, even though you may not know them personally. Friendships and other important relationships become increasingly important, particularly during adolescence. About that same time and throughout adulthood, the information you receive, especially when ideas are repeated in association with goals and achievements you find attractive, also refines your attitudes. Many people assume that our attitudes are internally consistent, that is, the way you think and ６ ９ ·feel about someone or something predicts your behavior towards them. However, many studies have found that feelings and thoughts dont necessarily predict behavior. In general, your attitudes will be 􀆳 internally consistent only when the behavior is easy, and when those around you hold similar beliefs. Thats why, for example, many say they believe in the benefits of recycling or exercise, but dont 􀆳 􀆳 behave in line with their views, because it takes awareness, effort and courage to go beyond merely stating that you believe something is a good idea. One of the most effective ways to change an attitude is to start behaving as if you already feel and think the way youd prefer to. Take some time to reflect on your attitudes, to think about what 􀆳 you believe and why. Is there anything you consider a burden rather than a privilege? If so, start behaving right now as if the latter is the case. — — 46. What do we learn from the passage about attitude? A) It shapes our beliefs and ideologies. B) It improves our psychological wellbeing. C) It determines how we respond to our immediate environment. D) It changes the way we think, feel and interact with one another. 47. What can contribute to the refinement of ones attitude, according to the passage? 􀆳 A) Their idols behaviors. C) Their contact with the opposite gender. 􀆳 B) Their educational level. D) Their interaction with different cultures. 48. What do many studies find about peoples feelings and thoughts? 􀆳 A) They may not suggest how a person is going to behave. B) They are in a way consistent with a persons mentality. 􀆳 C) They may not find expression in interpersonal relations. D) They are in line with a persons behavior no matter what. 􀆳 49. How come many people dont do what they believe is good? 􀆳 A) They cant afford the time. C) They are hypocritical. 􀆳 B) They have no idea how to. D) They lack willpower. 50. What is proposed as a strategy to change attitude? A) Changing things that require ones immediate attention. 􀆳 B) Starting to act in a way that embodies ones aspirations. 􀆳 C) Adjusting ones behavior gradually over a period of time. 􀆳 D) Considering ways of reducing ones psychological burdens. 􀆳 ６ １０ ·Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ Ｔｗｏ Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ５１ ｔｏ ５５ ａｒｅ ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ． Industrial fishing for ｋｒｉｌｌ (鳞虾) in the unspoilt waters around Antarctica is threatening the future of one of the worlds last great wildernesses, according to a new report. 􀆳 The study by Greenpeace analysed the movements of krill fishing vessels in the region and found they were increasingly operating in the immediate vicinity of penguin colonies and whale “ feeding grounds . It also highlights incidents of fishing boats being involved in groundings, oil spills ” and accidents, which posed a serious threat to the Antarctic ecosystem. The report, published on Tuesday, comes amid growing concern about the impact of fishing and climate change on the Antarctic. A global campaign has been launched to create a network of ocean sanctuaries to protect the seas in the region and Greenpeace is calling for an immediate halt to fishing in areas being considered for sanctuary status. Frida Bengtsson from Greenpeaces Protect the Antarctic campaign said: If the krill industry 􀆳 “ wants to show its a responsible player, then it should be voluntarily getting out of any area which is 􀆳 being proposed as an ocean sanctuary, and should instead be backing the protection of these huge tracts of the Antarctic. ” A global campaign has been launched to turn a huge tract of Antarctic seas into ocean sanctuaries, protecting wildlife and banning not just krill fishing, but all fishing. One was created in the Ross Sea in 2016, another reserve is being proposed in a vast area of the Weddell Sea, and a third sanctuary is under consideration in the area west of the Antarctic Peninsula a key krill fishing area. — The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) manages the seas around Antarctica. It will decide on the Weddell Sea sanctuary proposal at a conference in Australia in October, although a decision on the peninsula sanctuary is not expected until later. Keith Reid, a science manager at CCAMLR, said that the organisation sought a balance “ between protection, conservation and sustainable fishing in the Southern Ocean. He said although ” more fishing was taking place nearer penguin colonies it was often happening later in the season when these colonies were empty. The creation of a system of marine protected areas is a key part of ongoing scientific and “ policy discussions in CCAMLR, he added. Our long term operation in the region depends on a ” “ ⁃ healthy and thriving Antarctic marine ecosystem, which is why we have always had an open dialogue with the environmental non governmental organisations. We strongly intend to continue this dialogue, ⁃ including talks with Greenpeace, to discuss improvements based on the latest scientific data. We are not the ones to decide on the establishment of marine protected areas, but we hope to contribute positively with our knowledge and experience. ” ６ １１ ·51. What does Greenpeaces study find about krill fishing? 􀆳 A) It caused a great many penguins and whales to migrate. B) It was depriving penguins and whales of their habitats. C) It was carried out too close to the habitats of penguins and whales. D) It posed an unprecedented threat to the wildlife around Antarctica. 52. For what purpose has a global campaign been launched? A) To reduce the impact of climate change on Antarctica. B) To establish conservation areas in the Antarctic region. C) To regulate krill fishing operations in the Antarctic seas. D) To publicise the concern about the impact of krill fishing. 53. What is Greenpeaces recommendation to the krill industry? 􀆳 A) Opting to operate away from the suggested conservation areas. B) Volunteering to protect the endangered species in the Antarctic. C) Refraining from krill fishing throughout the breeding season. D) Showing its sense of responsibility by leading the global campaign. 54. What did CCAMLR aim to do according to its science manager? A) Raise public awareness of the vulnerability of Antarctic species. B) Ban all commercial fishing operations in the Southern Ocean. C) Keep the penguin colonies from all fishing interference. D) Sustain fishing without damaging the Antarctic ecosystem. 55. How does CCAMLR define its role in the conservation of the Antarctic environment? A) A coordinator in policy discussions. C) A provider of the needed expertise. B) An authority on big data analysis. D) An initiator of marine sanctuaries. Ｐａｒｔ ＩＶ Ｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ (３０ ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ) Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ Ｆｏｒ ｔｈｉｓ ｐａｒｔ ｙｏｕ ａｒｅ ａｌｌｏｗｅｄ ３０ ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ ｔｏ ｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｅ ａ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｆｒｏｍ Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ ｉｎｔｏ Ｅｎｇｌｉｓｈ． ： ， Ｙｏｕ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｗｒｉｔｅ ｙｏｕｒ ａｎｓｗｅｒ ｏｎ Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Ｓｈｅｅｔ ２． 梅花 plum blossom 位居中国十大名花之首 源于中国南方 已有三千多年的栽培和种植 （ ） ， ， 历史 隆冬时节 五颜六色的梅花不畏严寒 迎着风雪傲然绽放 在中国传统文化中 梅花象征 。 ， ， 。 ， 着坚强 纯洁 高雅 激励人们不畏艰难 砥砺前行 自古以来 许多诗人和画家从梅花中获取灵 、 、 ， 、 。 ， 感 创作了无数不朽的作品 普通大众也都喜爱梅花 春节期间常用于家庭装饰 南京市已将 ， 。 ， 。 梅花定为市花 每年举办梅花节 成千上万的人冒着严寒到梅花山踏雪赏梅 ， ， 。 ６ １２ ·2019 年 12 月大学英语六级考试真题详解(第二套) PartI Writing 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·审题引导· (与第 套同理,故略) 1 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·写作提纲· 第一段:由常见负面现象“家庭不和”引出家庭责任感的必要性。 第二段:以亲子角色作为切入点阐述家庭责任感的重要性: 家长有责任感,子女便能健康成长、塑造良 ① 好的人格; 成年子女(大学生)有责任感,能减轻父母经济和心理负担,助其安享中年、退休和晚年生活。 ② 第三段:总结观点并发出呼吁:大学生平时常与父母联系。 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·下笔成文· 满分范文 参考译文 家应该是让人们感到安全舒适 Home should be where people feel secure and 的地方。维持家庭和谐对个人、夫妻 comfortable.Maintainingharmonyathomeisessentialforthe , , 及其后代乃至社会的幸福安康都至 well-beingofanindividual acoupleandtheiroffspring and 关重要。但许多人却在为家庭不和 eventhesociety.But manyarebeingplaguedbyfamily , 所困扰,其症结在于家庭责任感的 discord aproblemthatboilsdowntothelackofasenseof 缺失。 familyresponsibility. 每个人在家庭中都要承担一定 Everyonehascertainrolestotakeoninhisorherfamily. 的角色。比如,父母应该要确保其子 Parentsare expectedto ensuretheirchildren are well- , 女营养良好并接受良好教育,以助其 nourishedand well-educated helpingthem buildastrong 塑造强健的体魄和优良的品格。我 bodyandgreatcharacter.Wecollegestudentsalsoneedto 们大学生也需要承担作为成年子女 takeourresponsibilityasadultchildren.Beingindependentof 的责任。我们尽早自立,就能减轻父 ourparentsasearlyaspossiblelightensthefinancialburden 母的经济负担。我们学会成熟理智, onthem.Learningtobematureandsensiblecanpreventus 就不会让父母终日为我们发愁。我 frombecomingaconstantsourceofworrytothem.Fulfilling 们尽己所能履行孝道,便能让父母享 ourfilialdutytothebestofourabilitiesallowsthemtoenjoy , 受中年、退休以及晚年生活。 lifeinmidlifeyears retirementandthetwilightyears. , 简言之,家庭成员拥有责任感是 Inbrief asenseofresponsibilityamongfamilymembers 家庭温馨有爱的前提。我们通常离家 isaprerequisiteforawarmandlovingfamily.Oftenfaraway , , 万里,要履行作为家庭一份子的职责, fromhome wemaystartbykeepingincontactwithourparents 或许可以从常与父母保持联系做起。 asameanstomeetourobligationsaspartofourfamily. PartII ListeningComprehension SectionA ConversationOne 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·试题精解· ) )它专营爵士乐。 1.A Itfocusesexclusivelyonjazz. A ) )它赞助大型爵士音乐会。 B Itsponsorsmajorjazzconcerts. B ) )它在伦敦有几家分店。 C IthasseveralbranchesinLondon. C ) )它展出新锐音乐人的专辑。 D Itdisplaysalbumsbynewmusictalents. D 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 [预测]各项均描述 相关信息,由 项 (赞助)、 项 (分部)推测 指某机构/公司, 、、 It B sponsors C branches It A BD 项核心义均表明该机构/公司与音乐有关,推测题目询问某音乐类机构/公司的相关信息。 17[问题] ? (关于女士的商店,我们了解到什么?) Whatdowelearnaboutthewoman􀆳sstore [解析] )同义改写第 段女士对其商店的介绍:爵士乐唱片专营店( )。 A 4 dedicatedexclusivelytojazz ) )它起源于牛仔。 2.A Itoriginatedwithcowboys. A ) )它的市场现已萎缩。 B Itsmarkethasnowshrunk. B ) )它的听众大多是年轻人。 C Itslistenersaremostlyyoungpeople. C ) )它仍像嘻哈音乐一样广泛传播。 D Itremainsaswidespreadashiphopmusic. D 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 [预测]各项均描述 / 相关信息,由 项“像嘻哈一样流行”推测题目询问某种(非嘻哈)音乐类型的相关信息。 ItIts D [问题] ? (关于爵士乐,男士怎么说?) Whatdoesthemansayaboutjazzmusic [解析] )正确概括第 段男士对爵士乐市场的看法:爵士乐坛现已不大景气了,不像过去那样。 B 5 ) )它的定义复杂多样。 3.A Itsdefinitionisvariedandcomplicated. A ) )它仍在实验阶段。 B Itisstillgoingthroughexperimentation. B ) )它常常伴有人声。 C Itisfrequentlyaccompaniedbysinging. C ) )它的风格基本没变。 D Itsstylehasremainedlargelyunchanged. D 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 [预测]各项均描述 / 相关信息,由 项 (伴有人声)、 项 (风格)及 、 题信 ItIts C accompaniedbysinging D style 12 息推测 / 指某种音乐类型,推测题目询问某种音乐类型的相关信息。 ItIts [问题] ? (关于爵士乐,女士怎么说?) Whatdoesthewomansayaboutjazz [解析]第 段女士指出,爵士乐没有统一定义、且风格多样。可见,爵士乐的定义复杂多样, )正确。 8 A ) ) )学习演奏它们。 )亲自聆听它们。 4.A Learntoplaythem. C Listentothemyourself. A C ) ) )上音乐课。 )咨询爵士音乐家。 B Takemusiclessons. D Consultjazzmusicians. B D 􀪋􀪋􀪋 [预测]各项均为原形动宾短语,由 、 项 、 推测 与音乐有关(由 项可知很可能为爵士 A C playListento them D 乐类),各项核心义均为学习提升类建议,推测题目询问与音乐(很可能为爵士乐)学习/欣赏有关的建议。 [问题] ? (根据女士所言,要 Whatshouldyoudotoappreciatedifferentstylesofjazzaccordingtothewoman 欣赏不同风格的爵士乐应该怎么做?) [解析]末段女士指出,了解爵士乐的唯一方式就是亲自去听,可见 )正确。 C 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·听力原文· : , ? M Excuseme whereisyourrockmusicsection : ? , W Rockmusic I􀆳msorry we􀆳reajazzstore.Wedon􀆳thaveanyrockandroll. : , ? ? M Oh youonlyhavejazzmusic Nothingelse : , 1 W That􀆳sright.We􀆳retheonlyrecordstoreinLondondedicatedexclusivelytojazz.Actually we􀆳remore , thanjustarecordstore.Wehaveacafé&libraryupstairsandaticketofficedownthehall whereyou , , canbuyticketstoallthemajorjazzconcertsinthecity.Also wehaveourownstudionextdoor where weproducealbumsforup-and-comingartists.Wearecommittedtofosteringnewmusictalent. : ! , 2 M Wow That􀆳ssocool. Iguessthere􀆳snotmuchofajazzsceneanymore notliketheyusedtobe.But hereyou􀆳retryingtopromotethisgreatmusicgenre. : , , W Yesindeed.Nowadays mostpeopleliketolistentopopandrockmusic.HiphopmusicfromAmericaisalso , , gettingmoreandmorepopular.Soasaresulttherearefewerlistenersofjazz whichisagreatshamebecause it􀆳sanincrediblyrichgenre.Butthat􀆳snottosaythereisn􀆳tanygoodnewjazzmusicbeingmadeoutthere — anymore farfromit.It􀆳sjustamuchsmallermarkettoday. : ? M Sohowwouldyoudefinejazz : , , , 3 W Wellinterestinglyenough there􀆳snoagreed-upondefinitionofjazz.Indeed therearemanydifferentstyles , ofjazz.Somehavesinging but mostdon􀆳t.Someareelectricandsomearen􀆳t.Somecontainlive , , 3 experimentation butnotalways. Whilethere􀆳snosimpledefinitionforitandwhiletherearemanydifferent , , , 4 stylesofjazz yousimplyknowitwhenyouhearit. Honestlytheonlywaytoknowwhatjazzisislistento , , , ityourself.Asthegreattrumpetplayer LouisArmstrongsaidifyougottaask you􀆳llneverknow. ConversationTwo 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·试题精解· ) )她还了按揭贷款。 5.A Shepaidhermortgage. A 􀪋􀪋 18) )她拜访了男士。 B Shecalledontheman. B ) )她制定了一项商业计划。 C Shemadeabusinessplan. C ) )她去了银行。 D Shewenttothebank. D 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 [预测]选项均为过去时陈述句,描述 过去的某项行为,推测题目询问女士过去某一时间所做之事。 She [问题] ? (今天早晨女士做了什么?) Whatdidthewomandothismorning [解析]对话开篇男士询问女士“今天早晨在银行的事儿办得如何?”,可见女士今早去了银行,)正确。 D ) )她之前的债务尚未还清。 6.A Herpreviousdebthadn􀆳tbeenclearedyet. A ) )她的信用记录较差。 B Hercredithistorywasconsideredpoor. B ) )她的申请金额显然太大。 C Shehadapparentlyaskedfortoomuch. C ) )她没有及时偿还按揭贷款。 D Shedidn􀆳tpayhermortgageintime. D 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 [预测]由 、、 项核心义所组建负面语义场“不良财务信息”以及 项核心义所暗藏的“某项(与财务相关 A BD C 的)要求过多而未被他人接受”可综合推测试题询问女士信贷活动失败的原因。 [问题] ? (女士的申请为何被拒绝了?) Whywasthewoman􀆳sproposalrejected [解析]第 段女士提及银行贷款申请失败的原因之一:银行认为女士信用记录不太好,)正确。 4 B ) )偿还拖欠已久的债务。 7.A Payadebtlongoverdue. A ) )购置一处房产。 B Buyapieceofproperty. B ) )自己创业。 C Startherownbusiness. C ) )核查信用记录。 D Checkhercredithistory. D 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 [预测]选项均为原形动宾短语,表示计划或建议,推测题目询问女士某计划或他人(可能是男士)对女士建议。 [问题] ? (女士打算做什么?) Whatisthewomanplanningtodo [解析]第 段话轮指出女士银行贷款失败与其商业计划书好坏无关,第 段话轮指出女士要想继续追 7-8 9-10 寻自己创业的梦想就只能强健自己的财务状况,由此可见,女士打算自己创业,)正确。 C ) )向专家寻求筹资方面的建议。 8.A Seekadvicefromanexpertaboutfundraising. A ) )向不同贷款机构申请小额贷款。 B Askforsmallerloansfromdifferentlenders. B ) )逐步改善自己财务状况。 C Buildupherownfinancesstepbystep. C ) )仔细修改商业计划书。 D Reviseherbusinessproposalcarefully. D 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 [预测]选项均为原形动宾短语,比上题更具建议性,推测题目询问他人对女士( )的建议。 her [问题] ? (男士建议女士做什么? ) Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando [解析]第 段男士以提问方式建议女士少贷一点、或许可以从更多的贷款机构那里获得小额贷款,)正确。 9 B 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·听力原文· : ? 5 M Howdiditgoatthebankthismorning : , W Notwell myproposalwasrejected. : ? ? M Really Butwhy : , 6 W Bunchofreasons. Forstarters theysaidmycredithistorywasnotgoodenough. : ? M Didtheysayhowyoucouldimprovethat : , , W Yes theysaidthatafterfivemoreyearsofpayingmymortgage thenIwouldbecomeamoreviable , candidateforabusinessloan.Butrightnow it􀆳stooriskyforthemtolendmemoney.TheyfearIwill defaultonanybusinessloanI􀆳mgiven. : , ? 7 M Wellthatdoesn􀆳tsoundfair. Yourbusinessideaisamazing.Didyoushowthemyourbusinessplan ? Whatdidtheysay : 7 W Theydidn􀆳treallyarticulateanypositionregardingtheactualbusinessplan.Theysimplylookedatmy credithistoryanddetermineditwasnotgoodenough.Theysaidthebankhasstrictguidelinesand requirementsastowhotheycanlendmoneyto.AndIsimplydon􀆳tmeettheirfinancialthreshold. : ? 8 M Whatifyouaskforasmalleramount Maybeyoucouldgathercapitalfromothersources.Smallerloans ? frommorelenders : , W Youdon􀆳tgetit.Itdoesn􀆳tmatterthesizeoftheloanIaskfor orthetypeofbusinessIpropose.That􀆳s allinconsequential.ThefirstthingeverybankwilldoisstudyhowmuchmoneyIhaveandhowmuchdebt 7 Ihavebeforetheydecidewhetherornottolendmeanymoremoney. IfIwanttocontinueaheadwith 19, thisdreamofowningmyownbusiness Ihavenootherchoicebuttobuildupmyownfinances.Ineed around20% moreinpersonalsavingsand50%lessdebt.That􀆳sallthereistoit. : , , M Iseenow.Wellit􀆳sahugepitythattheyrejectedyourrequest butdon􀆳tlosehope.Istillthinkthat yourideaisgreatandthatyouwouldturnitintoaphenomenalsuccess. SectionB PassageOne 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·试题精解· ) )它利润可观且对环境友好。 9.A Itisprofitableandenvironmentallyfriendly. A ) )它区位优越且全自动化。 B Itiswelllocatedandcompletelyautomated. B ) )它规模小且有新意。 C Itissmallandunconventional. C ) )它肥沃且高产。 D Itisfertileandproductive. D 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 [预测]各项均以形容词词组描述某一事物( )的特点,其中 、 项的 、 提示该事物能进 It A D profitableproductive 行生产、创造利润,、 项的 、 提示其建在某地点、可生长植物,故推测 指代某一农业生产 BD welllocatedfertile It 场所(如农场),试题询问其相关信息。 [问题] ? (关于里欧·桑切斯的农场,我们了解到什么?) WhatdowelearnaboutLeoSanchez􀆳sfarm [解析] 、 段先指出桑切斯的农场不同寻常,继而指出其三大特点“面积比一般农场小;主人比一般农场主 Ⅰ Ⅱ 年轻;经营方式敢于实验、突破传统”, 项提取第一、三项特点加以概括。 C ) )他们想让务农更加令人愉快。 10.A Theirurgetomakefarmingmoreenjoyable. A ) )他们想改进农业设备。 B Theirdesiretoimprovefarmingequipment. B ) )他们希望复兴传统农业。 C Theirhopetorevitalizetraditionalfarming. C ) )他们希望设立农业新标准。 D Theirwishtosetanewfarmingstandard. D 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 [预测]各项均以表“意愿、愿望”的名词( 、 、 、 )为中心词,描述某类人在农业方面的抱负,推 urgedesirehopewish 测题目问及某类人从事农业生产的动机。 [问题] ? (什么促使里 WhathasmotivatedLeoSanchezandhisfellowyoungfarmerstoengageinfarming 欧·桑切斯及其他年轻农场主从事农业生产?) [解析] 段首先让步指出“务农令身心疲惫”,然后转而揭示桑切斯和年轻同行们为何(如此辛苦也)要务农 Ⅲ “动机是设立农业新标准”( ), 正确。 motivatedbythedesiretosetanewstandardforagriculture D ) )它很省电。 11.A Itsavesalotofelectricity. A ) )它不怎么需要保养。 B Itneedslittlemaintenance. B ) )它基本不制造污染。 C Itcauseshardlyanypollution. C ) )它除草的同时可以松土。 D Itloosenssoilwhileweeding. D 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 [预测]各项分别描述某事物在“能耗、检修、环保、效用”等方面的优势,其中 项 以及 B need...maintenance D 项 暗示其为农业工具,推测试题询问某农业工具的优点/某农业工具为什么被选用。 loosenssoil...weeding [问题] ? (里欧·桑切斯为什么买了一件手动除草工具?) WhydidLeoSanchezbuyahand-operatedweedingtool [解析] 段介绍桑切斯所购手动除草工具的特点“既可拔草又可松土”,由此推断他买这件工具可能是因为 Ⅳ 其双重功能, 正确。 D 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·听力原文· , 9 There􀆳salotaboutLeoSanchezandhisfarminSalinas Californiathatseemsunusual. Thenational , averagefarmsizeisaround440acres buthisisonlyoneacre.Theaverageageoffarmershoversaround58 , yearsold butheisjust26. AndSanchezconstantlyattemptstoimproveeverythingfromseedingtechniquesoutinthefieldtothe 9 promotionandsaleofhisproduceonline.Thisisevidenceofanexperimentalapproach. It􀆳sanapproachnot , dictatedbytheconfinesofconventionallarge-scaleagricultureledbyinternationalcorporations. , 10 Whilefarmingisoftendifficultforboththebodyandmind Sanchezsaysheandmanyofhisfellow youngfarmersaremotivatedbydesiretosetanewstandardforagriculture. , , 11 Manyofthemareemployingamultitudeoftechnologies somenewandsomenotsonew. Recently Sanchezboughtahand-operatedtoolwhichpullsoutweedsandloosenssoil.Itactuallydatesbacktoatleast 20, 1701.ItstandsinsharpcontrasttoSanchez􀆳sothergadget agas-poweredflameweedkillerinventedin1997. , Hesimplydoesn􀆳tdiscriminatewhenitcomestothenewnessoftools.Ifitworksitworks. , Farmershavealonghistoryofinvention andit􀆳snodifferenttoday.Youngfarmersareguidedbytheir loveforagricultureandaidedbytheirknowledgeoftechnology.Tofindinexpensiveandappropriatelysized , tools theycollaborateandinnovate.Sometimestheoldstuffjustworksbetterormoreefficiently. PassageTwo 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·试题精解· ) )它使某些昆虫成为了新的食物来源。 12.A Ithasturnedcertaininsectsintoanewfoodsource. A ) )它开始在英国之外拓展业务。 B IthasstartedtoexpandbusinessoutsidetheUK. B ) )它从海外进口了一些异国风味的食品。 C Ithasimportedsomeexoticfoodsfromoverseas. C ) )它开始与 合作出售昆虫宠物。 D IthasjoinedhandswithSainsbury􀆳stosellpetinsects. D Sainsbury􀆳s 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 [预测] 项“拓展业务”提示 应为某公司,各项谓语指向其“新近(较大)举措”,再结合 、、 项中的“昆虫 B It A C D 食品”“进口食品”“昆虫宠物”,推测本题询问某食品/宠物公司(业务涉及昆虫)某项新举措的相关事实。 [问题] ? (关于食品公司 ,我们 WhatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutthefoodcompanyEatGrub EatGrub 从本文中了解到什么?) [解析] )契合开篇所述“ 引入了可食用的昆虫作为新的食物来源”。 A EatGrub ) )那真的令人难忘。 13.A Itwasreallyunforgettable. A ) )那是一个惊喜。 B Itwasapleasantsurprise. B ) )那有点伤到他的喉咙。 C Ithurthisthroatslightly. C ) )那让他感到不舒服。 D Itmadehimfeelstrange. D 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 [预测]各项均可表示 (对某男士)的影响,且核心义( 、 、 、 )均指向“特 It unforgettablesurprisehurtfeelstrange 别、不寻常”;其中 项“伤到喉咙”提示 指某种与身体发生接触的东西/经历,结合 、 题多涉及“食物”相 C It 1214 关信息,推测本题可能询问某事物(很可能为一种特别的食品)对某男士(可能是讲话人)的影响。 [问题] ? (讲话者如何评价他吃的第一口烤蟋蟀?) Whatdoesthespeakersayabouthisfirstbiteofroastedcrickets [解析] )同词复现 段讲话人自述“第一口咬下去让我感到惊喜”。 B Ⅱ ) , )它们比牛肉、鸡肉及猪肉更美味。 14.A Theyaremoretastythanbeef chickenorpork. A ) )它们比汤羹和沙拉更有营养。 B Theyaremorenutritiousthansoupsandsalads. B ) )它们含有的蛋白质比传统肉类更多。 C Theycontainmoreproteinthanconventionalmeats. C ) )它们很快就会风靡全球。 D Theywillsoongainpopularitythroughouttheworld. D 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 [预测] 、、 涉及 与食物的味道、营养对比,可知 同样指食物,推测题干询问某食物相关信息。 A BC They They [问题] ? ( 如何评价其蟋蟀干?) WhatdoesEatGrubsayaboutitsdriedcrickets EatGrub [解析] ) 题干契合 段所述“ 说蟋蟀干的蛋白质含量高过牛肉、鸡肉和猪肉(即传统肉类)”。 C + Ⅳ EatGrub ) )它是环保的。 15.A Itisenvironmentallyfriendly. A ) )它是大有前景的产业。 B Itisapromisingindustry. B ) )它需要新的技术。 C Itrequiresnewtechnology. C ) )它节约大量劳动力。 D Itsaveshugeamountsoflabour. D 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 [预测] 中 明确 指某产业,各项核心内容均指向“正面事实信息”,可知题干询问某产业的情况。 B industry It [问题] ? (关于昆虫养殖,这篇文章说了什么?) Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutinsectfarming [解析] )正确概括 段“昆虫养殖所需的土地、水和饲料较少,且产生的温室气体也少得多”。 A Ⅴ 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·听力原文· 12 EatGrubisBritain􀆳sfirstnewfoodcompanythatbreakswesternfoodboundariesbyintroducingedible insectsasanewsourceoffood.AndSainsbury􀆳sisthefirstUKsupermarkettostockthecompany􀆳scrunchy , roastedcrickets.Sainsbury􀆳sinsiststhatsuchfoodisnojokeandcouldbeanew sustainablesourceofprotein. , Outofcuriosity IpaidavisittoSainsbury􀆳s.AsIputmyhandintoapacketofcricketswiththeirtiny , 13 eyesandlegstheideaofonegoinginmymouthmademefeelalittlesick. Butthefirstbitewasapleasant , surprise.Alittledryandlackingoftaste butatleastawingdidn􀆳tgetstuckinmythroat. , Theroastedseasoninglargelyoverpoweredanyotherflavour althoughthere wasslightlybitter , aftertaste.Thetexturewascrunchy butsmeltalittleofcatfood. 21, 14 EatGrubalsorecommendsthecricketsasatoppingfornoodlessoupsandsalads. Thecompanyboaststhat , , itsdriedcricketscontainmoreproteinthanbeefchickenandpork aswellasmineralslikeironandcalcium. , , 15 Unliketheproductionofmeat bugsdonotuseuplargeamountsofland waterorfeed.Andinsect , farmingalsoproducesfarfewergreenhousegases.However despite2billionpeopleworldwidealready ,“ ” supplementingtheirdietwithinsects consumerdisgustremainsalargebarrierinmanyWesterncountries. , I􀆳mnotsurebugswillbecomeapopularsnackanytimesoon butthey􀆳redefinitelyfoodforthought. SectionC RecordingOne 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·试题精解· ) )对不同类型的学习者进行区分。 16.A Tocategorizedifferenttypesoflearners. A ) )弄清学生对学习内容的偏好。 B Tofindoutwhatstudentsprefertolearn. B ) )搞清楚人脑的机制。 C Tounderstandthemechanismofthehumanbrain. C ) )弄清它们是否为影响学习的固有特征。 D Toseeiftheyareinherenttraitsaffectinglearning. D 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 [预测]各项均为不定式短语,提示考查某一行动的目的;再结合各项核心义暗示该行动可能与研究/实验/调 查有关;综合推测题目询问研究/测验/调查某类影响学习的事物的目的。 [问题] ? (心理学家和教育学家为何研究学习风格?) Whydopsychologistsandeducatorsstudylearningstyles [解析] )契合第二段 句“当心理学家和教育学家检验学习风格时,他们试图弄清这些风格是否是影响学生 D ① 学习效果好坏的固有特征,而非只是一种个人偏好”。 ) ) )它含有缺陷。 )它设计新颖。 17.A Itwasdefective. C Itwasoriginalindesign. A C ) ) )它被误导了。 )它发人深省。 B Itwasmisguided. D Itwasthought-provoking. B D 􀪋􀪋􀪋 [预测]各项均以主系表结构对某事物( )进行评价,推测题目询问某人对某事物的看法。 It [问题] ? (关于 年报告中提到 Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutonestudymentionedinthe2008review 2008 的一项研究,讲话人说了什么?) [解析]第三段 句首先引出“ 年报告中提到的一项研究”, 句对该研究作评“有些严重的缺陷”,)正确。 ① 2008 ② A ) )听觉教具与视觉教具同样重要。 18.A Auditoryaidsareasimportantasvisualaids. A ) )视觉教具对所有类型学习者都有帮助。 B Visualaidsarehelpfultoalltypesoflearners. B ) )阅读纯文本比观看图片更有效。 C Readingplaintextsismoreeffectivethanviewingpictures. C ) )没有视觉教具,科学概念难以被理解。 D Scientificconceptsarehardtounderstandwithoutvisualaids. D 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 [预测] 、 项比较“不同学习辅助手段的作用”,、 项阐述“视觉辅助手段对学习的作用”,综合各项推测题 A C BD 目所问与学习辅助手段的作用有关。 [问题] ? (在这篇讲话末 Whatmessagedoesthespeakerwanttoconveyaboutlearningattheendofthetalk 尾,讲话人想传达有关学习的什么信息?) [解析]末段首先指出视觉教具的重要性“大部分人接受多种形式的教学(尤其含有可视化形式时)会学得更 好”,之后借相关研究予以证明“不管哪类型学习者,每个人都是在观看印刷版本或图片时学得更好”;故 )正确。 B 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·听力原文· — , , Haveyoueverhadsomeonetrytoexplainsomethingtoyouadozentimeswithnoluck butthen when , ? , youseeapicture theideafinallyclicks Ifthatsoundsfamiliar maybeyoumightconsideryourselfavisual , learner.Orifreadingorlisteningdoesthetrick maybeyoufeellikeyou􀆳reaverballearner.Wecallthese , ? , labelslearningstyles butistherereallyawaytocategorizedifferenttypesofstudents Well itactually , , seemsthatmultiplepresentationformats especiallyifoneofthemisvisual helpmostpeoplelearn. , 16 Whenpsychologistsandeducatorstestforlearningstyles they􀆳retryingtofigureoutwhetherthese , areinherenttraitsthataffecthowwellstudentslearn insteadofjustapreference.Usuallytheystartby , , givingasurveytofigureoutwhatstyleastudentfavorslikevisualorverballeaning.Then theytrytoteach , , thestudentssomethingwithaspecificpresentationstylelikeusingvisualaids anddoafollow-uptesttosee , howmuchtheylearned.Thatway theresearcherscanseeiftheself-identifiedverballearnersreallylearned , betterwhentheinformationwasjustspokenaloud forexample. , , 17 But accordingtoa2008review onlyonestudythatfollowedthisdesignfoundthatstudentsactually 22learnedbestwiththeirpreferredstyle.Butthestudyhadsomebigflaws.Theresearchersexcludedtwo-thirds oftheoriginalparticipantsbecausetheydidn􀆳tseemtohaveanyclearlearningstylefromthesurveyatthe , beginning.And theydidn􀆳tevenreporttheactualtestscoresinthefinalpaper.Soitdoesn􀆳treallyseemlike , learningstylesareaninherenttraitthatweallhave.But thatdoesn􀆳tmeanthatallstudentswilldo amazinglyiftheyjustspendalltheirtimereadingfromatextbook. , — Instead mostpeopleseemtolearnbetterifthey􀆳retaughtinseveralways especiallyifoneisvisual.In , , onestudy researcherstestedwhetherstudentsrememberedlistsofwordsbetteriftheyheardthem saw , , 18 them orboth. Andeveryoneseemedtodobetteriftheygottoseethewordsinprint eventheself- identifiedauditorylearners.Theirpreferencedidn􀆳tseemtomatter.Similarstudiestestedwhetherstudents , 18 learnedbasicphysicsandchemistryconceptsbetterbyreadingplaintextorviewingpictures too. And everyonedidbetterwiththehelpofpictures. RecordingTwo 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·试题精解· ) )未能在职场革命中发挥作用。 19.A Notplayingaroleinaworkplacerevolution. A ) )未能从自由市场资本主义中获益。 B Notbenefitingfromfree-marketcapitalism. B ) )未能挣够钱来养家糊口。 C Notearningenoughmoneytoprovideforthefamily. C ) )未能花足够时间在家庭生活和休闲上。 D Notspendingenoughtimeonfamilylifeandleisure. D 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 [预测]各项均为“ ”结构表“未能/没有做某事”,其中 、 项指向职场/资本主义市场大环境,、 Not+ V-ing A B C 项指向个人生活,推测题目询问资本主义市场大环境下劳动者未能做到的事。 D [问题] ? (根据讲话人所言,人们通常会对什么 Whatdopeopleoftenfeelguiltyaboutaccordingtothespeaker 感到内疚?) [解析]首段末句提到:人们内疚于未能花时间陪伴孩子、家人、旅行及进行其他休闲活动,故 )正确。 D ) )今天的人们一周只工作 小时。 20.A Peoplewouldbeworkingonlyfifteenhoursaweeknow. A 15 ) )职场上的权力天平将会改变。 B Thebalanceofpowerintheworkplacewouldchange. B ) )技术进步将创造许多新的工作岗位。 C Technologicaladvanceswouldcreatemanynewjobs. C ) )大多数劳动者都买得起自己的房子。 D Mostworkerscouldaffordtohavehouseoftheirown. D 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 [预测]各项均以情态动词( 、 )表强烈的推测语气,各项关键词( 、 、 、 wouldcould working workplacenewjobs )构建“职场”语义场,推测题目询问某项与职场相关的预测。 workers [问题] ? ( 年前,杰出的经济学家们有什么预测?) Whatdidleadingeconomistspredict90yearsago 90 [解析]题干 )同义复现第三段末句“ 年前,杰出的经济学家们预测,技术进步和生产率提升会使今天的 +A 90 我们每周工作 小时”。 15 ) )劳动者丧失个人尊严。 21.A Lossofworkers􀆳personaldignity. A ) )劳动者丧失创造力。 B Deprivationofworkers􀆳creativity. B ) )劳动者心理健康状态恶化。 C Deteriorationofworkers􀆳mentalhealth. C ) )工作时间分配不公。 D Unequaldistributionofworkinghours. D 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 [预测]各项描述对劳动力不同方面的不利影响(人格尊严、创造力、心理健康、工作时长),结合前两题预测信 息,推测本题询问资本主义市场大环境对劳动力造成的不利影响。 [问题] ? (剥夺劳动者的自主选择权会 Whatistheresultofdenyingworkers􀆳righttomaketheirownchoices 带来什么后果?) [解析]第四段末句指出,那( 回指 、 、 构建的语义场 That surrender...autonomydirected...othersdenied...choices “劳动者丧失自主选择权”)对我们不利:大量劳动者患与工作相关心理健康疾病、承担过多的工作压力,)正确。 C 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·听力原文· ; Freemarketcapitalismhasn􀆳tfreedus ithastrappedus.It􀆳simperativeforustoembraceaworkplace revolution.Weareunlikelytospendourlastmomentsregrettingthatwedidn􀆳tspendenoughofourlivesslaving 19 awayatwork. Wemayinsteadfindourselvesfeelingguiltyaboutthetimewedidn􀆳tspendwatchingourchildren , , , grow orwithourlovedones ortravelling orontheculturalorleisurepursuitsthatbringushappiness. , , Unfortunately theaveragefull-timeemployeeintheworldworks42hoursaweek welloverathirdof thetimewe􀆳reawake.Someofouralltooprecioustimeisbeingstolen.Officeworkersdoaroundtwobillion 23hoursofunpaidovertimeeachyear.Soit􀆳sextremelywelcomethatsomegovernmentcoalitionshavestarted lookingintopotentiallycuttingtheworkingweektofourdays. Thechampionsoffreemarketcapitalismpromisedtheirwayoflifewouldbringusfreedom.Butitwasn􀆳t : , , freedomatallfromthelackofsecure affordablehousingtogrowingjobinsecurityandrisingpersonaldebtthe , 20 individualistrapped. Ninedecadesago leadingeconomistspredictedthattechnologicaladvancesandrising : productivitywouldmeanthatwe􀆳dbeworkinga15-hourweekbynow thattargethasbeensomewhatmissed. , Hereisthemostmalignantthreattoourpersonalfreedom particularlyasthebalanceofpowerintheworkplace hasbeenshiftedsodramaticallyfromworkertoboss.Ahugeportionofourlivesinvolvesthesurrenderofour , freedomandpersonalautonomy.It􀆳stimeinwhichwearedirectedbytheneedsanddesiresofothersanddeniedthe : 21 righttomakeourownchoices. That􀆳sbadforusit􀆳shardlysurprisingthatoverhalfamillionworkerssufferfrom , work-relatedmentalhealthconditionseachyear orthat15.4millionworkingdayswerelosttowork-relatedstress , lastyear ajumpofnearlyaquarter. , , , Yes therearethosewho farfrombeingoverworked actuallyseekmorehours.Butashorterworking weekwouldenableustoredistributehoursfromtheoverworkedtotheunderworked.Weneedtolookatways : , ofcuttingtheworkingweekwithoutslashinglivingstandards afterall theworld􀆳sworkershavealready sufferedtheworstdeductioninwagessincetheearly1800s.Andcuttingtheworkingweekwouldbeconducive , totheindividual givingmillionsofworkersmoretimetospendastheyseefit. RecordingThree 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·试题精解· ) )它是德国史上管理最为不善的机场。 22.A ItistheworstmanagedairportinGermanhistory. A ) )它如今是欧洲最大、最繁忙的机场。 B ItisnowthebiggestandbusiestairportinEurope. B ) )它已成为德国人口中的笑柄。 C IthasbecomesomethingofajokeamongGermans. C ) )它已成为德国效率的象征。 D IthasbecomeatypicalsymbolofGermanefficiency. D 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 [预测]由选项复现词 ()及 可知 为“德国某机场”,各项关键词“管理不善、最繁忙、成为笑 Germans airport It 话、效率的象征”均为对该机场的评价,推测本题询问有关德国某机场的信息/评价。 [问题] ? (关于柏林的梦想机场,讲话人说了什么?) WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutthedreamairportinBerlin [解析] )原词复现 段末句:不断延迟启用的机场已成为德国人口中的笑料。 C Ⅱ ) )该市的机场都过时了。 23.A Thecity􀆳sairportsareoutdated. A ) )该市刚实现重新统一。 B Thecityhadjustbeenreunified. B ) )该市想要提振其经济。 C Thecitywantedtoboostitseconomy. C ) )该市想要吸引更多游客。 D Thecitywantedtoattractmoretourists. D 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 [预测]由 项“该城市的机场老旧过时”以及上题信息,推测 应为“德国某城市”, 、 项为对该市的 A Thecity A B 客观描述,、 项( )指向该市某主观目的/意图,推测题干询问德国某城市客观情形/某行为的促因。 CD wantedto [问题] ? (为什么柏林需要一座新机场?) WhywasthereaneedforanewairportinBerlin [解析] 段 句指出: 年柏林刚刚重新统一,当然需要一座远比现有机场容量大的现代化机场,)正确。 Ⅲ ② 1989 B ) )市政府不断更换领导班子。 24.A Themunicipalgovernmentkeptchanginghands. A ) )建筑公司违反了合同。 B Theconstructionfirmbreachedthecontract. B ) )资金短缺延迟了它的修建。 C Shortageoffundingdelayeditsconstruction. C ) )各种各样的问题层出不穷。 D Problemsofdifferentkindskeptpoppingup. D 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 [预测]选项关键语义“频繁更换领导、违约、资金短缺、各类问题”均指向不利情形,结合 、 项“建筑公司”、 BC “延迟修建”及 题信息,推测本题可能询问德国某(新建)机场延迟完工的原因。 22 [问题] ? (为什么柏林反复延迟其梦 WhydidBerlinpostponetheopeningofitsdreamairportagainandagain 想机场的开放时间?) [解析] 、 段交代柏林机场屡次延迟启用的原因: 年机场修建出现问题, 年消防安全系统出现重 Ⅳ Ⅴ 2010 2012 大问题,随后又有电缆安装不正确等一系列问题,可见 )正确。 D ) )柏林的旅游业受挫。 25.A TourismindustryinBerlinsuffers. A ) )各类设备生锈。 B Allkindsofequipmentgetsrusted. B ) )不断产生巨额维护成本。 C Hugemaintenancecostsaccumulate. C ) )当地居民怨声增加。 D Complaintsbylocalresidentsincrease. D 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 24[预测]各项均指向负面后果,结合上题信息推测本题询问德国柏林新建机场久未完工/投入使用的后果。 [问题] ? (机场闲置时发生了什么?) Whathappenswhiletheairportremainsunused [解析] 段 句指出:闲置的机场正产生巨大费用,每月均需花费 万欧元,可见 )正确。 Ⅷ ①② 900~1000 C 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·听力原文· TodayI􀆳mgoingtotalkaboutGermany􀆳sdreamairportinBerlin.Theairportlooksexactlylikeevery , : othermajormodernairportinEurope exceptforonebigproblem morethansevenyearsafteritwas , originallysupposedtoopen itstillstandsempty. , , Germanyisknownforitsefficiencyandrefinedengineering butwhenitcomestoitsnewghostairport , thisreputationcouldnotbefurtherfromthetruth.Plaguedbylongdelays perpetualmismanagementand , — 22 ever-soaringcosts theairporthasbecomesomethingofajokeamongGermans andasourceoffrustration , forlocalpoliticians businessleadersandresidentsalike. , 23 Planningforthenewairportbeganin1989. Atthetimeitbecameclearthatthenewly-reunifiedBerlin wouldneedamodernairportwithfargreatercapacitythanitsexistingairports.Thecitybrokegroundonthe newairportin2006. , 24 Thefirstmajorsignofproblemscameinsummer2010 whentheconstructioncorporationpushedthe , 24 openingfromOctober2011toJune2012.In2012 thecityplannedanopeningceremony. Butlessthana , monthbeforehand inspectorsfoundsignificantproblemswiththefiresafetysystemandpushedtheopening backagainto2013. : 24 Itwasn􀆳tjustthesmokesystem manyothermajorproblemssubsequentlyemerged.Morethan90 ; , ; metresofcablewereincorrectlyinstalled 4000doorswerewronglynumbered escalatorsweretooshort. Andtherewasashortageofcheck-indesks. , , Sowhy withsomanyproblemsdiscovered didn􀆳ttheairportcorporationdecidetogiveupontheproject ? : andstartover Thereasonissimple peopleareoftenhesitanttoterminateaprojectwhenthey􀆳vealready , investedtimeorresourcesintoit evenifitmightmakelogicalsensetodoso. , Thelongerthedelayscontinued themoreproblemsinspectorsfound.Leadershipoftheplanning , corporationhaschangedhandsnearlyasmanytimesastheopeningdatehasbeenpushedback.Initially , ratherthanappointingageneralcontractortoruntheprojectthecorporationdecidedtomanageitthemselves despitelackofexperiencewithanundertakingofthatscale. , 25 Tocompoundthedelays theunusedairportisresultinginmassivecosts.Everymonthitremains unopenedcostsbetweenC9mandC10m. , Assumingallgoeswell theairportshouldopeninOctober2020.Butthestill-emptyairportstandsasthe — biggestembarrassmenttoGermany􀆳sreputationforefficiency andacontinuingdrainoncityandstateresources. PartIII ReadingComprehension SectionA 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·选项归类· 1 名词: ) 王冠,王位,山顶,顶部,桂冠; ) 缩影,微型画;) 微粒,粒子,质点;) . B crown G miniatures I particles J 高峰,顶点,山顶,山峰,尖端; ) 趋势,倾向。 peak O trend 2 动词: ) (使)轮流,(使)交替;) 为……加冕,使圆满成功,完善; ) 查明,测 . A alternate B crown C determine 定,决定;左右,直接影响; ) 产生,创造; ) 找出……的准确位置,位于某处,把 D generated E locating ……设置在;把……建造在;) 合并,融合,相融; ) 选择,挑选;) 达到顶峰,达 F merged H opting J peak 到最高水平; ) 转换,转变,调换。 M switching 3 形容词: ) 间隔的,轮流的,交替的,可供替代的;) 最高度的,高峰时期的,巅峰状态的; ) . A alternate J peak N 相同的,近似的。 synonymous 4 副词: ) 过早地,(婴儿)早产地,仓促地,草率地;) 实在,只是,简单易懂地,朴素地。 . K prematurely L simply 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·试题精解· 26.K)prematurely。[确定词性]空格词位于固定短语 中,应为副词修饰 。[锁定答案] 句两 diefrom died ② 25分句间以 相连,表明两者语义同向。前一分句指出全球绝大多数城市空气质量不符合 标准, and WHO 后一分句指出 年约有 万人死于空气污染。借由前一分句“实际空气质量不符合 空气质量 2015 450 WTO 标准”可知“空气质量影响人的健康状况”,因此可推断空格词应在第二分句列举相关死亡人数的基础上 体现出这种死亡的非健康、非常规、非正常,即“提前/过早/非正常(死亡)”等意,故 )正确。 K 27.C)determine。[确定词性]空格前为情态动词 ,后为并列名词短语 , will theeverydaylives...generations 空格词应为及物动词原形。[锁定答案]空格前句指出“未来新增 亿城市人口需要新的住所及城市交 20 通服务”,“目前所做城市规划决策 未来子孙后代的日常生活及健康”,而借由空格句句首插入语 可知两句间为语义递进关联,共同指向“当前所做城市规划决策的重要性”,且空 Whatismoreimportant 格句是在 句“解决住房及交通”基础上指向更高层次作用,空格词应传递“决定/影响”等意,故 )正确。 ① C 28.N)synonymous。[确定词性]空格前为系动词 ,后为介宾短语 ,空格词可能为形 become withairpollution 容词、ing 分词、ed分词、名词,且能与 搭配。[锁定答案]空格所在分句指出“来往车辆已经变得/成 with 为 空气污染”,后一分句指出许多国家的计划“禁止销售新的汽油和柴油汽车”。借由两分句间 and 所传递的并列语义关联可知,汽油和柴油汽车指向来往车辆,禁止销售此类车辆指向减少空气污染,因此 空格词应传递出来往车辆与空气污染之间的这种密切关联/因果关联/等同一致等, )正确。 N 29.M)switching。[确定词性] 作句子主语,空格前为副词 ,空格后为介 simply toelectriccars simply 宾短语 ,空格词应为不及物动词的ing 分词形式,且可与 搭配。[锁定答案]空格句前文 toelectriccars to 指出“多国计划禁售汽油、柴油汽车以减少空气污染”,空格句转而指出“仅仅 电动汽车并不一定能 实现无污染城市”,可见,“ 电动汽车”应体现空格前句“禁止销售汽油、燃油汽车(非清洁能源汽 车)”隐含之意“转而销售电动汽车(清洁能源汽车)”,故空格词应传递“转向/转变/改变”等意, )正确。 M 30.D)generated 31.I)particles。[确定词性]( 的)宾语从句 中缺少谓语,空格 dependon how...is 30 词可能为ing 分词、ed分词。空 前为形容词 、 ,后为状语从句 ,空格词应为 31 tinyairborne astheywearout 名词。[锁定答案]空格句指出,电动汽车( 回指 )产生的污染排放水平取决于驱动它们 they electriccars 的电力如何 ,刹车、轮胎、道路磨损时也会产生微小的大气 。可见,空格句意在解释上句“转 30 31 向电动汽车 无污染城市”的原因:电动汽车污染水平受电的影响,刹车、轮胎、道路磨损也会产生大气污 ≠ 染。再结合常识“发电方式不同,大气污染程度不同;刹车、轮胎等磨损时会产生污浊空气、粉尘等”可知, 空 应表“生产、制造”等语义,空 应传递“污染/尘埃/雾霾”等语义,故两空分别选 )、)。 30 31 D I 32.H)opting。[确定词性]空格所在状语从句主干结构为: (主语) (介 people +are+ +forothermeans 宾短语),空格词可能为形容词(主系表结构)、ing 分词(进行时态)、ed分词(被动语态),且能与 搭配。 for [锁定答案]空格句先描述现象“发达国家的汽车使用量正在减少”,随后以两个状语从句 as...while... 递进呈现原因:更多的人搬到市中心 尤其是年轻人 其他出行方式。前一项原因指向 especially → “开车通勤的客观需求减少”,后一项原因应指向“选择开车的主观意愿下降”,空格词应表示“选择/倾向/ 偏爱(除开车以外的其他出行方式)”, )正确。 H 33.J)peak 34.O)trend。[确定词性]空 前为形容词性物主代词 ,后为 (与 33 its and+willdecline has 为并列谓语),空格词应为名词(作 的宾语)。空 前为“固定短语 ”, reached reached 34 catchupwith+this 后为逗号,空格词可能为名词( 作 的宾语)、副词( 作 的宾语)。[锁定答案]空格 this 34 with this with 句以 、 传递句内双重转折“研究人员早已开始猜测机动车使用量是否已达到 并即将下 butinsteadof 33 降,但是交通规划者尚未跟上这一 ,反而还铺设新道路以期解决拥堵”。由“铺设新路与汽车用量 34 减少之间的矛盾对立”可推知交通规划者未认清现实状况/趋势/现象等, )符合空 语境;反推可知,研 O 34 究人员早已意识到汽车用量达到极限/瓶颈/峰值等,) 通常指“(某物的)顶部,顶端”,而 ) B crown Jpeak 则通常指向一个点/数值的“峰值”,故 )符合空 语境。 J 33 35.L)simply。[确定词性]空格所在宾语从句 中主谓宾成分已完整,空格 thatdoubling...doublethetraffic 词应为副词修饰其后 。[锁定答案]末段 句分别说明英、美两国道路使用情况:伦敦新建 double ③④ M25 环形高速公路很快挤满更多车辆;美国每拓宽一倍道路会 交通量增加一倍。可见,两句意在以发 达国家现实经验说明 句隐藏文意“铺设新道路解决交通堵塞这种思路是错误的:不仅无力解决,还增加 ② 交通流量”,空格词应表“只会/反而”以强调“新建道路于解决拥堵毫无用处/适得其反”之意,故 )正确。 L 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·全文翻译· 持续笼罩在许多城市上空的雾霾提醒我们正呼吸着被污染的空气。全球 以上城市人口呼吸的空气 80% 不符合世界卫生组织标准, 年约有 万人因室外空气污染而过早死亡。 2015 450 全球范围内,城市人口预计将在未来 年内翻一番,新增的 亿人口将需要新的住所以及城市出行所 40 20 26需的服务系统及道路设施。更重要的是,我们现在所制定的城市规划决策将决定子孙后代的日常生活及健 康。那么,一个无雾霾或者最起码低污染的城市会是怎样的呢? “来往车辆”已经成为“空气污染”的代名词,许多国家计划在未来 年内禁止销售新的汽油和柴油汽车。 20 但仅仅转向电动汽车并不意味着无污染城市就此产生。电动汽车造成的排放水平取决于运行它们的电力是 如何产生的,与此同时,刹车、轮胎、道路在磨损时也都会产生微小的大气悬浮颗粒。 在发达国家,随着更多的人搬到市中心,尤其是年轻人正在选择其他出行方式,汽车的使用量正在下降。 研究人员早已开始调查机动车使用量是否已经达到顶峰并将会下降,但交通规划者仍有待跟上这一趋势,而 不是铺设新道路来解决交通拥堵。伦敦 环形高速公路使用者将意识到,新的道路很快就会挤满更多车 M25 辆。在美国,研究显示,将道路拓宽一倍只会让交通量增加一倍,将我们带回到起点。 SectionB 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·试题精解· therecommendedamount 人们很容易就能达到推荐的蛋白质摄入量。 36.Itisquiteeasyforonetotakein ofprotein . 􀪋􀪋􀪋 [答案][C][精解]由定位词定位至[]段( )。该段先说 C recommendeddailyallowance...gramsofproteinaday 明推荐日摄入量“ 至 克”,随后援引专家观点指出“这听上去很多,但每餐摄入的蛋白质积少成多,可能晚餐 50 60 前就已达到标准”,试题是对整段内容的概括改写, 为 的合理推断。 quiteeasy beforeyouevengettodinner healthyadultsneednotspendmoneyon 皮皮托内宣称,健康成人不必在蛋白质补给 37.Pipitoneclaimsthat proteinsupplements 品上花钱。 . 􀪋􀪋􀪋 [答案][E][精解]由定位词定位至[ ]段 句( ; E ②③ theaveragehealthyadultItcouldjustbeawasteof )。两句引述皮皮托内观点“纵然是那些价格不菲的、号称高品质的蛋白质补给品对一般健康人也无实 money 质作用,只是在浪费钱”,试题是两句内容的同义转述。 Theproteinsupplementbusiness thriving 蛋白质补给品行业被发现正在蓬勃发展。 38. isfoundtobe . 􀪋 [答案][A][精解]由定位词定位至[ ]段 句( ; )。该句援引现年销售额数据( A ⑤ theindustrybooming $12 )及 年预期销售额增长值( )展现“蛋白质补给品行业蓬勃发展现状”,试题是该句的改写。 billion 2025 billionsmore speedtherepairingofdamagedmuscles 蛋白质可加快受损肌肉的修复。 39.Proteincan . 􀪋 [答案][F][精解]由定位词定位至[ ]段 句( 句 ,其中 回指 句 F ④⑤ ⑤ speedthatprocess thatprocess ④ )。两句指出“极限运动员要消耗大量能量来分解、修复、重 breakingdownandrepairingandbuildingmuscles 建肌肉,蛋白质帮助他们加快这一进程”,试题体现两句所述“蛋白质功用之一:加快肌肉损伤修复”。 overburdensomeinternalorgan, 蛋白质补给品可能使某个内脏器官负担过 40.Proteinsupplementsmay malfunctioning 重,从而导致其机能失常。 thusleadingtoits . 􀪋􀪋􀪋 [答案][M][精解]由定位词定位至[ ]段( 契合 M overburden...internalorgan makesthekidneyswork 隐含义, 对应 )。该段聚焦“有肾病史的人”,指出“额外补 harder...problematic malfunctioning kidneystones 充的蛋白质会加重肾脏负担、让有肾病史者难以应付,更有可能引发肾结石”,试题是该段内容的概括改写。 Olderadultsneed moreprotein 老年人需要摄入更多蛋白质以保持肌肉 41. totakein tokeeptheir 强健。 musclesstrong. 􀪋􀪋􀪋 [答案][G][精解]由定位词定位至[ ]段 句( / ; )。 G ④⑤ olderpeopleanolderadulttheproteinneeds...increase 句指出“老年人也会受益于额外补充的蛋白质”, 句阐释原因“ 岁左右肌肉开始分解 蛋白质需求增 ④ ⑤ 60 → 加”,结合[]段末句“蛋白质可促进肌肉的分解、修复及重建( )”,可推知“老 F proteincan...speedthatprocess 年人需摄入更多蛋白质以修复、重建(流失的)肌肉,保持肌肉强健”,试题是两句内容的合理推断。 inmorefoodsthanpeoplemightrealize 含有蛋白质的食物比人们知道的更多。 42.Proteinisfound . 􀪋 [答案][B][精解]由定位词定位至[]段 至 句( B ④ ⑦ inallfoods...infoodsmanyofusexpect...alsoinfoods )。 句介绍蛋白质特点“所有食物里都有”, 至 句援引专家观点力 thatmaynotcomeimmediatelytomind ④ ⑤ ⑦ 证“典型美式饮食的蛋白质含量比我们以为的要高得多,蛋白质既存在于我们所料想的食物中,也存在于我们 可能不会马上想到的食物中(即,含蛋白质的食物比人们知道的更多)”,试题是四句内容的概括改写。 strengthenthemuscles 研究发现,额外补充的蛋白质可帮助正力 43.Additionalproteinwasfoundtohelp of overweightseniorsseekingweightloss 求减重的超重老年人强健肌肉。 . 􀪋􀪋􀪋 [答案][H][精解]由定位词定位至[ ]段( ; H strengthentheirmusclesobeseolderindividuals...tryingtolose )。该段 句指出研究发现“正尝试减重的肥胖老年人增加蛋白质摄入后,肌肉变得强健”,试题是该 weight ①⑤⑥ 内容的同义改写。 27wholefoods thebestsourceof 皮皮托内认为,全天然食物提供了最佳的蛋 44.Pipitonebelievesthat provide protein 白质来源。 . 􀪋􀪋􀪋 [答案][D][精解]由定位词定位至[ ]段 句( ; )。该句引述皮皮托内之言“最好 D ③ Wholefoodsthebestoption 的选择始终是全天然食物,不是添加补给品”,试题是该句的同义改写。 drinkmoreliquidwhen takein 人们被建议在摄入蛋白质增多时,饮用更多 45.Peopleareadvisedto they moreprotein 的液体。 . 􀪋􀪋􀪋 [答案][L][精解]由定位词定位至[]段 句( )。该句介 L ⑤ ifyouincreaseprotein...increaseyourfluidintake 绍皮皮托内建议“若增加蛋白质摄入量,也要增加液体摄入量”,试题是该句的同义改写。 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·全文翻译· 你究竟需要多少蛋白质? [ ]这种营销着实诱人:在你的早餐奶昔或果汁饮料里加入蛋白粉,就能轻而易举拥有更壮硕的肌肉和更健 A 康的身体。或者也可以抓起一条蛋白棒充作午餐或简易小吃。如今,网络上亦或药店、杂货店、健康食品 店内,到处都能找到蛋白质补给品。它们以粉末、片剂、条棒的形式供应。 该行业(今年销售额已超 38 120 亿美元)正迅猛发展,而且据市场调查公司“大视野研究”称,到 年该行业销售额还将增加数十亿美 2025 元。但是我们真的需要这些补给的蛋白质吗? 这得看情况。要考虑利弊以及其他一些事。 []首先,蛋白质于我们身体的每一个细胞都至关重要。它有助构建指甲、头发、骨骼和肌肉。它还能让你有 B 更长时间的饱腹感———比起吃那些不含蛋白质的食物来说。 而且,不同于仅在少数食物中才能找到的 42 营养物,蛋白质存在于所有食物之中。“典型美式饮食的蛋白质含量比我们很多人以为的要高得多,”注 册营养师安吉拉·皮皮托内说道。“它存在于我们很多人所料想的食物中,比如牛肉、鸡肉和其它肉类, 以及乳制品。但它也存在于我们可能不会马上想到的食物中,比如蔬菜、水果、豆类和谷物”。 [] 美国政府向普通成年人推荐的日摄入量是每天 克蛋白质。这可能听上去不少,但皮皮托内说: 36 C 50-60 “我们这儿摄取一点儿蛋白质,那儿摄取一点儿蛋白质,一整天下来,就积少成多了。”以早餐为例。要是 你吃两个鸡蛋,铺上一点点芝士,再搭配一个橘子,你就已经摄入了 克蛋白质。每个鸡蛋提供给你 22 7 克,芝士提供给你大约 克,而橘子———大概 克。加上一顿由鸡肉、米饭和西兰花组成的午餐,你(摄取 6 2 的蛋白质)已经超过了推荐的 克。 “甚至还不到晚餐,你就可以获得足够的蛋白质,达到推荐的日摄 36 50 入量,”皮皮托内说。 []若是从食物中摄取蛋白质如此简单,那为何还要通过粉末、条形点心、或是本地果汁吧的一瓶 饮料 D Boost (注:一种高蛋白饮料)来补充更多蛋白质呢? 大可不必,皮皮托内说,因为实际上我们多数人已经从饮食 中摄取了充足的蛋白质。她指出 对补给品的管控不如对食品和药品严格,并说道, “最好的选择 44 FDA 始终是全天然食物(注:未经加工且不含人造添加剂的食物),而不是添加补给品。”所以补给品中可能含 有较少的蛋白质、较多的糖分,以及一些你意想不到的添加剂,比如咖啡因。 []她说,如果你正在考虑某种补给品,读读配料表,尽管这也不总是可靠的。 “我见到过价格不菲的、号称高 37 E 品质的蛋白质补给品,但它们可能对普通的健康成年人没有实质帮助,”她说。“这或许只是在浪费钱。” []不过,某些情况下,额外补充的蛋白质确有必要。“任何你正在修复或构建肌肉的时候,”皮皮托内说,比如, F 你若是一名极限耐力运动员,正为备战马拉松接受训练,或者你是一名健美运动员。如果你按照美国疾病 控制与预防中心的建议,每周适度锻炼 分钟或不足 分钟,那你大概不是极限运动员。 极限运动员 39 150 150 要消耗大量能量来分解、修复以及重建肌肉。蛋白质赋予他们所需优势,让他们加快推进这一进程。 [ ]纯素食者能从蛋白质补给品中受益,因为他们不吃肉类、乳制品、鸡蛋等动物性蛋白源。还有,对于总是 G 忙个不停、可能没时间吃饭的人而言,偶尔选择蛋白棒当代餐可能还不错。另外,正从手术或伤病中恢复 的人也会受益于额外补充的蛋白质。 老年人也一样。 岁左右的时候,“肌肉开始分解,正因如此,老 41 60 年人的蛋白质需求其实也会增加,”衰老研究者凯瑟琳·斯塔尔说道。 [ ] 事实上,斯塔尔和她的同事康妮·贝尔斯近期开展的一项小规模研究发现,往那些正尝试减重的肥胖 43 H 老年人的饮食中添加额外的蛋白食品,会使他们的肌肉变得强健。研究参与者被分为两组———一组被要 求每餐以全天然食物的形式吃 克蛋白质。也就是说他们每天吃 克蛋白质。另一组(对照检验组) 30 90 每日提供约含 克蛋白质的典型低卡饮食。 六个月后,研究人员发现,高蛋白质(饮食)组的肌肉 43 50-60 功能大幅提升———几乎为对照组的两倍。“与对照组相比,他们可以走得更快,拥有更好的平衡能力,也 能更快从椅子上站起来,”斯塔尔说道。 名参与者年龄均在 岁以上,两组减掉的体重大致相同。 67 60 28[]斯塔尔现在正在研究“高蛋白饮食是否也能提高老年人的肌肉质量”。她用 扫描测量肌肉大小和脂肪 I CT 量,而后将吃高蛋白食物的老年人与吃常规食物的老年人相比较。她说,一两个月内应该就能得到结果。 []与此同时, 岁的科利斯·凯思说她感到变化很大(她在斯塔尔的最新研究中处于高蛋白质饮食组)。 J 70 “我感觉棒极了,感觉好像换了副身体,我更有精力了,更健壮了,”她说。她说她现在可以每周上三次尊 巴课,在跑步机上锻炼,也可以快步走很远。凯思还减掉了 磅多。“我是个时髦的人,所以我又穿上了 15 我那 英寸的高跟鞋,”她说。 3 [ ]斯塔尔称,随着人们年纪渐长,肌肉力量就是帮助他们保持强健并继续在家中独立生活的关键。“我感觉 K 充满活力,”凯思说。“我觉得我可以独立生活到 岁。” 100 []不过,人们可以摄入过量蛋白质吗? 皮皮托内说,你的确需谨慎。其他研究人员表示,蛋白质过量可能引 L 发痉挛、头痛和劳累。摄入过量蛋白质还有脱水的风险。 皮皮托内称,若你增加蛋白质(摄取量),那也 45 要增加液体摄入量。“我常告诉人们要确保饮用足量液体,”对普通人而言,这个量是每天 盎司,相 60-70 当于每天 杯水或其它液体,每杯 盎司。 8 8 [ ] 已有一些迹象表明,额外补充的蛋白质会加重肾脏负担,这对有肾病史的人是成问题的,而且对他们来 40 M 说,补给的蛋白质可能增加他们患肾结石的风险,她说。 [ ]如果你认为你的饮食中需要添加更多的蛋白质,起码要想想这几个问题:你是一名极限运动员吗;你正从 N 手术或伤病中渐渐恢复吗;或者,你有 岁或以上吗? 如果是的话,那么在你的饮食中添加鸡蛋、肉制品 60 等高蛋白食物是有益的。如果你不确定,那么咨询一下你的家庭医生总还是个不错的主意。 SectionC PassageOne 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·试题精解· 46.关于态度,我们从本文了解到什么? )它塑造我们的看法和意识形态。 )它决定我们如何应对当前环境。 A C )它改善我们的心理健康 )它改变我们思考、感受及彼此互动的方式。 B D [锁定答案]第二段 句指出,我们用态度过滤、解释和回应周围的世界。由此推知,态度直接影响我们对周 ④ 围世界的理解和回应,故 项正确。 C [排除干扰] 曲解文中概念:首先,第二段 句 实为态度所针对的客观对象,态度可以影响我们对 A ③ ideologies 客观对象的感受和回应,但不一定直接影响客观对象本身;其次,第四段的 实际属于 范畴,故 beliefs attitudes “ 塑造 ”不合逻辑。 由第二段 句信息“态度是强大的心理工具”( 句解释:能让我们把过失 attitudes beliefs B ① ② 变为机遇,失败后重新出发)而来,但 重点在于“健康、快乐、幸福”,不包含“励志、成功”层面,窄化了 wellbeing 态度的作用范畴。 曲解第二段 句:系表句式 , / D ③ Anattitudeisasettledwayofthinking feelingandorbehaving 表明态度本身就是一种习惯性的思考、感受、行为方式,选项显然曲解了态度的内涵。 47.本文指出,什么有利于完善人们的态度? )他们的崇拜对象的行为。 )他们与异性的接触。 A C )他们的教育水平。 )他们与不同文化的互动。 B D [锁定答案]第三段介绍人们一生中态度形成和完善的过程, 句指出促使态度完善的一大因素:认同对象 ②③ 的行为———认同对象包括家人,同性别、同文化的人,钦佩的对象,以及朋友等等。 与此相符。 A [排除干扰] 将 句 含义“青少年、成年时期人们反复接收与其心仪目标、渴求的 B ④ theinformationyoureceive 成就相关的信息”曲解为“其所受教育/教育水平”。 、 分别利用 句 、 设置干扰,却错将“同 C D ② genderculture 性( )”窜改为“异性”,“同一文化( )”篡改为“不同文化”。 thoseofyourgender thoseofyour...culture 48.关于人们的感受和想法,许多研究有何发现? )它们可能无法预示一个人的行为。 )它们可能不会在人际关系之中表露出来。 A C )它们在某种意义上与人们的心态相一致。 )它们总是与人们的行为相一致。 B D [锁定答案]第四段 句介绍研究发现:感受和想法不一定能预测行为,故 正确, 对应 。 ② A maynot don􀆳tnecessarily [排除干扰] 、 由第四段 句前一分句 ( 可指“内部地,内心 BC ① ourattitudesareinternallyconsistentinternally 地”)臆断出态度(包括感受、想法)“与内在心态相一致”“深藏内心不通过人际言行外露出来”,但由下文可知此 句的“一致”指“(感受、想法)和行为的一致”。 源自该段 句后一分句(由 引出)的内容“想法和感受可 D ① thatis 以预测行为”,三项均由该段 句的大众看法臆断而来,而由该段下句可知研究发现实际与大众看法相反。 ① 49.为什么许多人不去做自己认为对的事? )他们抽不出时间。 )他们不知怎样去做。 )他们为人虚伪。 )他们缺乏意志力。 A B C D 29[锁定答案]第四段 句指出:态度只有在特定前提下(行动不难且身边的人态度相似时)才具有内在一致 ②③ 性(即行动与想法感受相一致)。 句以环保和健身为例指出态度的这一特性可以解释许多人为何不去践行 ④ 自己口头认同的益事:行动与想法感受常常不一致,把所想付诸实际行动需要悟性、努力及勇气。 正确。 D [排除干扰] 由第五段 句 得来;首先,此处就如何转变态度给出建议“抽时间反省自己的 A ② Takesometime 态度”,与“是否有时间付出行动”并无直接关联;其次 、 的“缺少时间、不懂方法”均为客观/理性因素,与第四 AB 段“意识、努力、勇气”等主观/感性因素背道而驰。 由 句“许多人说自己认可某事,却不去做”这一事实臆断 C ④ 出这些人“口是心非( )”,但文章论述的是行动和想法感受的一致性,而非表面和内心的一致性。 hypocritical 50.本文提出的一种改变态度的策略是什么? )变换需迫切关注的事项。 )在一段时间内逐渐调整自己的行为。 A C )开始按照与自己期望相一致的方式行事。 )思索减少自身心理负担的方法。 B D [锁定答案]第五段 句指出改变态度的最有效方法“带着自己偏好的/期望拥有的感受想法去行事”。 至 ① ② 句说明具体步骤“先反思自己的消极想法,再做出与此相反的行动”。 项同义改写 句 ④ B ① startbehaving... ,其中 与 均强调人对于自身感受想法的主观期待。 thewayyou􀆳dpreferto preferto aspiration [排除干扰] 由 句 联想到“改变优先事项”,但作者提倡改变的是行事方式( ),而不 A ① you􀆳dpreferto theway 是事情本身。 将 句付出行动之前的步骤“花些时间反思自己的想法”曲解为“行动时要循序渐进”。 根据 C ② D 句大意“如果将一件事视为负担,那就假装它是一件荣幸去做”得来,但此处作者意在举例说明如何转变态 ③④ 度“先反思自己是否具有某种消极想法,再假装带着更好的想法去行事”,而非告诉读者“要减少心理负担”。 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·全文翻译· 去年,英国一家医院出生了一个心脏长在体外的孩子。这种罕见病存活几率极小,能存活下来的婴儿须 经受多次手术,而且可能有复杂的护理需求。女婴出生三周后,其母接受采访时被问及是否已经为照顾女儿 这一艰巨任务做好了准备。她毫不犹豫地回答说,在自己看来,这将是一种“荣幸”。 很少有其他例子(比上述事例)能更好地说明态度———我们最强大的心理工具之一———的影响力。态度 能让我们把过失转化为机遇,把失败转化为重新开始的机会。态度是对特定物体、人、事件或意识形态的一种 稳固的思考、感受和/或行为方式。 我们用态度过滤、解释和回应周围的世界。态度不是与生俱来的;相反, 46 它们都是后天习得的,而且习得的方式有多种。 影响力最大的因素出现在幼儿时期,包括你的亲身经历和身边人在你面前的所为所说。 随着你逐渐形 47 成区别于他人的个性,你的态度会被你认同的那些人———家人、相同性别和文化背景的人,以及你崇拜的对象 (即使你可能并不认识他们)———的行为进一步完善。友谊以及其他重要关系变得日益重要,到了青春期尤其 如此。大约在同一时期乃至整个成年期,你接收的信息也会完善你的态度,特别是重复收到与你心仪的目标 和成就相关的观念时尤为如此。 许多人认为态度具有内在一致性,也就是说,从你思考和感受某人或某事的方式可以预知你对他们的行 为。 然而,许多研究发现,感受和想法不一定预示行为。一般来说,只有当行为简单易行,而且周围的人与 48 你看法相似时,你的态度才具有内在一致性。这就可以解释为何,譬如,许多人嘴上说他们相信回收利用或锻 炼有好处,但在行动上却未遵循自己的观点态度, 因为将“你认为某事不错”的口头声明变为实际行动还需 49 要感悟能力、努力和勇气。 改变态度最有效的方法之一就是开始行动起来,就当你已经在以自己偏好的那种方式感受和思考。花 50 点儿时间思考下自己的态度,想想你相信什么以及为何相信。有没有哪些事你觉得是负担,而非荣幸? 如果 有的话,那就开始行动起来吧———立即马上———就当你真的觉得这是一种荣幸。 PassageTwo 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·试题精解· 51.关于“磷虾捕捞”,绿色和平组织的研究有什么发现? )它造成大量的企鹅和鲸鱼迁徙。 )它开展的地方距企鹅和鲸鱼的栖息地过近。 A C )它剥夺了企鹅和鲸鱼的栖息地。 )它对整个南极的野生生命造成了前所未有的威胁。 B D [锁定答案]第二段 句指出绿色和平组织的发现:磷虾捕捞日益在紧邻企鹅聚居地和鲸鱼觅食地的区域进 ① 行。可见 正确。 C [排除干扰] 对第二段 句过度推断:该句仅指出研究发现“磷虾捕捞靠近企鹅和鲸鱼的栖息地”,并未说明 A ① 这造成了“大量企鹅和鲸鱼迁徙”。 将 句“磷虾捕捞船在紧邻企鹅和鲸鱼栖息地的区域作业”夸大为“占 B ① 据/掠夺其栖息地”。 将第一段“磷虾捕捞威胁着南极这片大荒野”曲解为“威胁着南极的野生生命”,且 D 无从说起。 unprecedented 3052.一场全球运动的发起有何目的? )为了降低气候变化对南极的影响。 )为了规范南极海域的磷虾捕捞。 A C )为了在南极地区建立保护区。 )为了宣传对“磷虾捕捞的影响”的关注。 B D [锁定答案]第三段 句指出“一场全球运动已经发起,旨在建立一个海洋保护区网络来保护这个地区的海 ② 域。”再联系上句可知,“这个地区”指南极地区, 正确。 B [排除干扰] 干扰来自第三段 句 , 干扰源自该句 A ① climatechangeontheAntarcticD growingconcernaboutthe ,但这属于运动发起的大背景,而非其目的。 将第三段 句后半句绿色和平组织呼吁“禁止在 impactoffishing C ② 被认定为保护区的海域内捕捞”窜改为“规范南极洲海域的捕捞活动(“规范的”言外之意:允许某些捕捞活动)”。 53.绿色和平组织向磷虾业提出了什么建议? )选择在远离被提议设保护区的地方开作业 )停止在繁殖季捕捞磷虾。 A C )自愿保护南极地区的濒危物种。 )领导全球运动以示其责任感。 B D [锁定答案]第四段借来自绿色和平组织“保护南极”运动的 之口说明运动目的:“如果磷虾业 FridaBengtsson 想证明自己是负责任的参与者,它就应该主动撤出被提议为海洋保护区的海域”,可推知 正确。 A [排除干扰] 将“磷虾业应支持对这些大片南极区域的保护”偷换为对“南极濒危物种的保护”。 违背“磷虾 B C 业应主动撤出所有被提议为海洋保护区的海域(也即应停止在这些区域的一切捕捞活动,无论是否在繁殖季 节)。 对 和 强加关联,文中并未提及磷虾业应领导全球运动。 D aglobalcampaign toshowit􀆳saresponsibleplayer 54.根据其科学主管所言,CCALMR的目的是什么? )提高公众对“南极物种脆弱性”的认识。 )使企鹅栖息地免于捕捞行为的打扰。 A C )禁止南大洋的一切商业捕捞作业。 )在不损害南极生态系统的前提下维持渔业。 B D [锁定答案]该句指出, 致力于“寻求南大洋保护、养护与可持续渔业间的平衡”。可知 “在不损害 CCAMLR D 南极生态的前提下维持渔业”与之最接近。 [排除干扰] 对第七段 句过度推导,认为“捕捞活动在企鹅离开后才开始”是“ 努力提高公众对 A ② CCAMLR 南极物种脆弱性认识”的结果。但该句中 实在阐述事实,并非说明 努力成果。 、 均明 KeithReid CCAMLR BC 显违背 句含义:“捕捞大都是在企鹅离开之后”言外之意为“捕捞对企鹅的影响较小,不必完全禁止”。 ② 55.CCAMLR如何界定自己在保护南极环境中的角色? )政策讨论的协调者。 )必要专业知识的提供者。 A C )大数据分析的权威。 )海洋保护区的发起者。 B D [锁定答案]第八末句指出 认为“我们不是建立海洋保护区的决策者,但希望用自身的知识和经验 CCAMLR 做出积极贡献”。可见 正确。 C [排除干扰] 源自第八段 句 ,但该句实在指出“ 内部展开政 A ① ...keypartof...policydiscussions CCAMLR 策讨论”而非“ 是多个群体间政策讨论的协调者”。 源自 句 ,但该句仅指 CCAMLR B ③ thelatestscientificdata 出 希望与非政府组织的讨论“以最新的科学数据为基础”,并非自诩“数据分析的权威”。 源自 CCAMLR D ① 句 ,但该句仅指出“ 就建立保护区进行讨论”, Thecreationofasystemofmarineprotectedareas... CCAMLR 这与“海洋保护区的发起者”大不相同。 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·全文翻译· 一份新的报告表明,在南极周围原始海域进行的工业化磷虾捕捞正威胁着世界上最后几片大荒野之一 (注:指南极)的未来。 绿色和平组织所做研究分析了磷虾捕捞船在该地区的活动,发现它们越来越多地在“紧邻企鹅聚居地 51 和鲸鱼觅食地的区域”作业。研究还强调指出多起渔船卷入搁浅、溢油及意外事故,这些事故对南极生态系统 造成了严重威胁。 这份报告发布于周二,它的出现正值人们就“捕捞和气候变化对南极的影响”担忧日益高涨之际。 一场 52 全球运动已经发起,旨在建立一个海洋保护区网络来保护这个地区的海域;绿色和平组织呼吁立即禁止在被 认定为保护区的海域内捕捞。 来自绿色和平组织“保护南极”运动的 说道: “如果磷虾业想证明自己是负责任的参与 53 FridaBengtsson 者,那它就应该主动撤离所有被提议为海洋保护区的海域,并反过来支持对这些大片南极区域的保护。” 一场全球运动已经发起,致力于将南极的大片海域设为海洋保护区,保护野生生物,并禁止一切捕捞——— 而不仅仅是磷虾捕捞。 年在罗斯海已经设立一个海洋保护区,另一个保护区正提议设在威德尔海的大 2016 片海域,第三个保护区正考虑设在南极半岛西部———主要的磷虾捕捞区。 南极海洋生物资源保护委员会( )是南极周围海域的管理者。它将于十月份在澳大利亚举行的 CCAMLR 31会议上就“威德尔海域设立保护区的提案”做出决定,但就半岛保护区的设立,预计晚些才能做出决定。 的科学主管基斯·雷德称,该组织致力于促进“南大洋保护、养护和可持续捕捞三者之间的 54 CCAMLR 平衡”。他说虽然越来越多的捕捞作业日益靠近离企鹅栖息地,但往往发生在繁殖季节后期、企鹅离开这些栖 息地之后。 “建立海洋保护区体制是 当前科学及政策讨论的主要内容,”他补充道。“我们在该海域的长期 CCALMR 运作有赖于一个健康、繁荣的南极海洋生态系统。正因如此,我们一直在和环保非政府组织进行公开对话。 我们强烈希望将这种对话深入下去(包括与绿色和平组织的对话),基于最新科学数据探讨改进方法。 我们 55 不是建立海洋保护区的决策者,但我们希望用我们的知识和经验做出积极贡献。” PartIV Translation 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·参考译文· , , TheplumblossomthekingofChina􀆳stoptenfamousflowers originatedinsouthernChinaandhasbeen , cultivatedforover3000years.Inthedepthsofwinter colorfulplumblossomsbloomvibrantlyamidstthe , , , windandsnow unhinderedbyseverefrost.Theplumblossom asymbolofstrength purityandelegancein , , traditionalChineseculture motivatespeopletobravehardshipandforgeahead.Sinceancienttimes many poetsandpaintershavebeendrawinginspirationsfromplumblossomsandcreatedcountlessimmortalworks. Plumblossomsarealsoverypopularwiththegeneralpublicandoftenusedashomedecorationduringthe SpringFestival.NanjinghasdesignatedtheplumblossomasthecityflowerandholdsthePlumBlossom , Festivaleachyear whichattractsthousandsofpeopletoPlumBlossom Hilltoenjoythefullbloominthe snowirrespectiveoftheseverecold. 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋 􀪋 ·句子解析· 1 第一句中三组动词短语分别聚焦梅花的地位、起源、历史(地位为评价信息,起源和历史为事实细节), . 翻译时可作主次区分,除按参考译文,将起源和历史译为主干,地位译为“梅花”的补充说明成分之外,可将地 位译为主干,起源和历史译为补充说明成分(非限制性定语从句)。“位居……之首”可用 、 rankfirstamong...be ( 表示同类中的首屈一指者)等短语;“栽培”和“种植”同义, 、 择一即可。 thekingof...king plantingcultivation 2 第二句中“隆冬时节”为时间状语,可译为介词短语 / 。动词短语“不畏 . Inthedepthsofwintermidwinter 严寒”和“傲然绽放”语义递进,重心在后,可译为 连接的并列谓语,也可把前者译为伴随状语,后者译为主 and 干谓语。“傲然”修饰“绽放”,强调梅花在严寒之中的“生机勃勃/坚强不屈”,可译为副词 、 vibrantly 。“迎着……”描述梅花绽放的背景/环境,可借助介词 、 译为状语。“不畏……”可 unyieldingly amidstagainst 直译为 ,也可用更地道的短语 、 、 。 benotafraidof... bravesthdefysthbeunhinderedbysth 3 第三句中两组动词短语“象征着……”和“激励……”可视为并列关系,译作 连接的并列结构;也可 . and 视为隐性 因 果 关 系,用 结 果 状 语 补 充 说 明 主 干 带 来 的 结 果,即 , theplum blossomisasymbol... 。“砥砺前行”的深层含义为“经历磨难、克服困难、继续前行”,与“不畏艰难”意义有重叠,故二 motivating... 者可合译为 。 forgeaheadwithnofearofhardship 4 第四句根据时间状语“自古以来”可确定译句应采用完成时态,而“获取灵感”这一情形会一直持续下 . 去,故可采用现在完成进行时( / v )。“从……获取灵感”既可以主动形式译为 / / hashavebeen+ -ing drawgain ,又可译为被动形式 。 takeinspirationfrom... beinspiredby... 5 第五句中“春节期间常用于家庭装饰”可视为对“梅花”的补充说明,故可将“普通大众也都喜爱梅花”译 . 为主干,“常用于……”译为 的非限制性定语从句。也可将逗号前后内容视为两个并列分句,关 plumblossoms 键在于明确主语,有两种译法:一、将“普通大众”作为主语,整体译为主动语态,如 Thegeneralpublicalsolove ( 回指 );二、将“梅花”作为主语,前一分句借助 plumblossomsandoftenusethemas...them plumblossoms be 结构进行调整,后一分句译为被动语态。 popularwith 6 第六句中包含三个小句,其中前两小句为明显的并列关系,第三小句可视为对“梅花节”的补充说明。 . 故可将前两小句译为“主语 连接的两个并列谓语”结构,第三小句“(梅花节吸引了)成千上万的人……” +and 译为“梅花节”的非限制性定语从句,其中“(吸引)……到梅花山”可使用短语 ,“赏梅”是“到梅 attractsbtosth 花山”的目的,可译为不定式 作目的状语,“踏雪”指向赏梅的时空背景,可译为 或 toenjoy... inthesnow on ;“冒着严寒”指向赏梅的不利因素,可译为让步状语 / 。 snowydays regardlessinspiteoftheseverecold 32