四级2015-12-2_四六级真题+资料包_六级真题_2015真题+解析

机密 启用前 ★ 大 学 英 语 四 级 考 试 COLLEGEENGLISHTEST BandFour — — 2015-12-2 ( ) 试 题 册 ☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆ 敬 告 考 生 一、 在答题前,请认真完成以下内容: 请检查试题册背面条形码粘贴条 答题卡的印刷质量 如有问题及时向监考员反应 确认无 1. 、 , , 误后完成以下两点要求 。 请将试题册背面条形码粘贴条揭下后粘贴在答题卡 的条形码粘贴框内 并将姓名和准考 2. 1 , 证号填写在试题册背面相应位置 。 请在答题卡 和答题卡 指定位置用黑色签字笔填写准考证号 姓名和学校名称 并用 3. 1 2 、 , HB-2B 铅笔将对应准考证号的信息点涂黑 。 二、 在考试过程中,请注意以下内容: 所有题目必须在答题卡上规定位置作答 在试题册上或答题卡上非规定位置的作答一律无效 1. , 。 请在规定时间内在答题卡指定位置依次完成作文 听力 阅读 翻译各部分考试 作答作文期 2. 、 、 、 , 间不得翻阅该试题册 听力录音播放完毕后 请立即停止作答 监考员将立即收回答题卡 得 。 , , 1, 到监考员指令后方可继续作答 。 作文题内容印在试题册背面 作文题及其他主观题必须用黑色签字笔在答题卡指定区域内 3. , 作答 。 选择题均为单选题 错选 不选或多选将不得分 作答时必须使用 铅笔在答题卡上相 4. , 、 , HB-2B 应位置填涂 修改时须用橡皮擦净 , 。 三、 以下情况按违规处理: 不正确填写 涂 个人信息 错贴 不贴 毁损条形码粘贴条 1. ( ) , 、 、 。 未按规定翻阅试题册 提前阅读试题 提前或在收答题卡期间作答 2. 、 、 。 未用所规定的笔作答 折叠或毁损答题卡导致无法评卷 3. 、 。 考试期间在非听力考试时间佩戴耳机 4. 。 全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会2015年12月大学英语四级考试(第2套) PartI Writing 30minutes ( ) Directions Forthispart youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthe : , saying Learningisadailyexperienceandalifetimemission.Youcancite “ ” examplestoillustratetheimportanceoflifelonglearning .Youshouldwriteat least120wordsbutnomorethan180words. 注意 此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答 : 。 PartII ListeningComprehension 25minutes ( ) SectionA Directions Inthissection youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsre- : , port youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandtheques- , tionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion youmustchoosethe , bestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA B C andD .Thenmarkthe ), ), ) ) correspondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre. Questions1and2willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem. 1.A)Theinfants. C)Themiddle-aged. B)Theteenagers. D)Theold. 2.A)Heartdiseases. C)Acutediseases. B)Trafficaccidents. D)Chronicnon-infectiousdiseases. Questions3and4willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem. 3.A)A17-year-oldgirl. C)A23-year-oldwoman. B)A15-year-oldboy. D)An18-year-oldman. 4.A)Onemonthlater. C)Immediately. B)Twomonthslater. D)Twoweekslater. Questions5to7willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem. 5.A)Theyaredelightedbecausetheycanenjoythescenerywhiledriving. B)Theyarefrightenedbecausetrafficaccidentsarefrequent. C)Theyareannoyedbecausethebridgeisjammedwithcars. D)Theyarepleasedbecauseitsavesthem muchtime. 四级试题(第 套) 2015-12 2 ·1·6.A)Theydon􀆳thavetheirowncarstodrivetowork. B)Manyofthemareromanticbytemperament. C)Mostofthemenjoythedrinksontheboat. D)Theytendtobemorefriendlytoeachother. 7.A)Manywelcometheideaofhavingmorebarsonboard. B)Manyprefertheferrytomaintainitspresentspeed. C)Somesuggestimprovingthedesignofthedeck. D)Someobjecttousinglargerluxuryboats. SectionB DirectionsInthissection youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeach : , conversation youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestions , willbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion youmustchoosethebest , answerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA B C andD .Thenmarkthe ), ), ) ) correspondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre. Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 8.A)Theirplansforthenextsemester. C)Theirfavoriteband. B)Whythewomancan􀆳tgototheconcert. D)Apsychologyclass. 9.A)Workatthebookstore. C)Coverafriend􀆳sshift. B)Gotothemovies. D)Gotoaconcert. 10.A)Becausehertextbookhasaneweditionnow. B)Becauseherprofessorforcedhertobuyanewone. C)Becauseshehaslosthertextbook. D)Becausesheisnotwillingtouseausedone. 11.A)Thewomanneverworksonweekends. B)Themanandthewomantakethesamecourses. C)Mattwouldliketogototheconcerttoo. D)Thenewpsychologybookmightsellout. Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 12.A)Whetherornotsnowflakescanbeanalyzed. B)Howsnowflakesareformed. C)Whatcausesasnowstorm. D)Wherethelargestsnowflakescanbefound. 13.A)Shehasneverseensnowbefore. C)Shewantstomakeartificialsnow. B)Sheisconductingaresearchonsnow. D)Shehasjustreadaboutsnowflakes. 14.A)Theshapeofthedustparticlesintheair. C)Thetemperatureoftheair. B)Therelativehumidity. D)Thegeographyofthearea. 四级试题(第 套) ·2· 2015-12 215.A)Inspectsnowflakesmorecarefully. C)Writedownmoreinformation. B)Makeacopyofthearticle. D)Drawdiagramsofthedifferentshapes. SectionC DirectionsInthissection youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage youwill : , , hearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce. Afteryouhearaquestion youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoices , markedA B C andD .ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1 ), ), ) ) withasinglelinethroughthecentre. Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 16.A)Noddingone􀆳shead. C)Holdinguptheforefinger. B)Wavingone􀆳shand. D)Turningtherightthumbdown. 17.A)Lookingawayfromthem. C)Bowingone􀆳sheadtothem. B)Formingacirclewithfingers. D)Wavingorpointingtothem. 18.A)Lookingone􀆳ssuperiorintheeye. B)Keepingone􀆳sarmsfoldedwhiletalking. C)Showingthesoleofone􀆳sfoottoaguest. D)Usingalotofgesturesduringaconversation. Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 19.A)Theyhadtobegforfoodaftertheharvest. B)Theygrewwheatandcornonasmallfarm. C)Theysharedasmallflatwiththeirrelatives. D)Thechildrenwalkedtoschoolondirtroads. 20.A)TourEcuador􀆳sAndesMountains. C)Purchaseaplottobuildahomeon. B)Earnanannualincomeof$2,800. D)Sendtheirchildrentoschool. 21.A)TheachievementsoftheTrickleUpProgram. B)Anewworldwideeconomicrevolution. C)Differentformsofassistancetotheneedy. D)Thelifeofpoorpeopleindevelopingcountries. Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 22.A)Theyarehighlysensitivetocold. C)Theyarealivingpartofourbody. B)Theyarevitallyimportanttoourlife. D)Theyareachiefsourceofourpain. 23.A)Ithastoberemovedintimebyadentist. B)Itisarareoraldiseaseamongoldpeople. C)Itcontainsmanynervesandbloodvessels. D)Itisastickyandcolorlessfilmontheteeth. 四级试题(第 套) 2015-12 2 ·3·24.A)Itcanchangeintoacidscausingdamagetotheiroutercovering. B)Itgreatlyreducestheirresistancetotheattacksofbacteria. C)Itmakestheirnervesandbloodvesselsmoresensitivetoacidfood. D)Itcombineswithfoodparticlestoformafilmontheirsurface. 25.A)Foodparticles. C)Unhealthylivinghabits. B)Gumdisease. D)Chemicalerosion. (说明:以上听力部分为新题型。为了保持真题的原汁原味,以下部分题号未做改动,敬请谅解。) PartIII ReadingComprehension 40minutes ( ) SectionA DirectionsInthissection thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectone : , wordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthe passage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Each choiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterfor eachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuse anyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce. Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage. FormanyAmericans,2013endedwithanunusuallybittercoldspell.LateNovemberand December 36 earlysnowandbone-chillingtemperaturesinmuchofthecountry,partofayear when,forthefirsttimeintwo 37 ,record-colddayswilllikelyturnouttohaveoutnumbered record-warmones.ButtheU.S.wastheexception:Novemberwasthewarmestever 38 ,and currentdataindicatesthat2013islikelytohavebeenthefourthhottestyearonrecord. Enjoythesnownow,because 39 aregoodthat2014willbeevenhotter,perhapsthehottestyear sincerecordshavebeenkept.That􀆳sbecause,scientistsarepredicting,2014willbeanEINi􀭹noyear. EINi􀭹no,Spanishfor“thechild”, 40 whensurfaceoceanwatersinthesouthernPacific becomeabnormallywarm.SolargeisthePacific,covering30% oftheplanet􀆳ssurface,that the 41 energygeneratedbyitswarmingisenoughtotouchoffaseriesofweatherchanges aroundtheworld.EINi􀭹nosare 42 withabnormallydryconditionsinSoutheastAsiaand Australia.TheycanleadtoextremeraininpartsofNorthandSouthAmerica,evenassouthern Africa 43 dryweather.Marinelifemaybeaffectedtoo:EINi􀭹noscan 44 therisingofthe nutrient-rich 营养丰富的 cold, ( )waterthatsupportslargefish 45 ,andtheunusuallywarm coral 珊瑚 oceantemperaturescandestroy ( ). 注意 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答 : 。 A)additional B)associated C)bore D)chances E)communicated F)decades G)experiences H)globally I)logically J)occurs K)populations L)realize M)reduce N)saw O)specific 四级试题(第 套) ·4· 2015-12 2SectionB DirectionsInthissection youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit. : , Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifythe paragraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraph morethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsby markingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2. ThePerfectEssay A)Lookingbackontoomanyyearsofeducation,Icanidentifyonetrulyimpossibleteacher. Shecaredaboutme,andmyintellectuallife,evenwhenIdidn􀆳t.Herexpectationswere high—impossiblyso.ShewasanEnglishteacher.Shewasalsomymother. B)Whengoodstudentsturninanessay,theydreamoftheirinstructorreturningittothemin exactlythesamecondition,saveforasinglewordaddedinthemarginofthefinalpage: “Flawless.”Thisdreamcametrueformeoneafternoonintheninthgrade.Ofcourse,Ihad heardthatgeniuscouldshowitselfatanearlyage,soIwasonlyslightlytakenabackthatI hadachievedperfectionatthetenderageof14.Obviously,Ididwhatanyprofessional writerwoulddo;Ihurriedofftospreadthegoodnews.Ididn􀆳tgetveryfar.Thefirst personItoldwasmymother. C)Mymother,whoisjustshyoffivefeettall,isnormallyincrediblysoft-spoken,butonthe rareoccasionwhenshegotangry,shewasterrifying.Iamnotsureifshewasmoreupset hubris 得意忘形 bymy ( )orbythefactthatmyEnglishteacherhadletmyegogetsooutof hand.Inanyevent,mymotherandherredpenshowedmehowdeeplyflawedaflawless essaycouldbe.Atthetime,Iamsureshethoughtshewasteachingmeaboutmechanics, transitions 过渡 ( ),structure,styleandvoice.ButwhatIlearned,andwhatstuckwithme throughmytimeteachingwritingatHarvard,wasadeeperlessonaboutthenatureof creativecriticism. D)Firstoff,ithurts.Genuinecriticism,thetypethatleavesalastingmarkonyouasawriter,also imprint印记 leavesanexistential ( )onyouasaperson.Ihaveheardpeoplesaythatawritershould nevertakecriticismpersonally.Isaythatweshouldneverlistentothesepeople. E)Criticism,atitsbest,isdeeplypersonal,andgetstotheheartofwhywewritethewaywe do.Theintimatenatureofgenuinecriticismimpliessomethingaboutwhoisabletogiveit, namely,someonewhoknowsyouwellenoughtoshowyouhowyourmentallifeisgetting inthewayofgoodwriting.Conveniently,theyarealsothepeoplewhocareenoughtosee youthroughthispainfulrealization.Formeittooktheformofmyfirst,andIhopeonly, encounterwithwriter􀆳sblock—Iwasnotabletoproduceanythingforthreeyears. solitude 独处 abyss 深 F)FranzKafkaoncesaid:“Writingisutter ( ),thedescentintothecold ( 渊 )ofoneself.”Mymother􀆳scriticismhadshownmethatKafkaisrightaboutthecold introspective 内省的 abyss,andwhenyoumakethe ( )descentthatwritingrequiresyouare 四级试题(第 套) 2015-12 2 ·5·notalwayspleasedbywhatyoufind.But,intheyearsthatfollowed,hersustainedtutoring suggestedthatKafkamightbewrongaboutthesolitude.Iwasluckyenoughtofindacritic andteacherwhowaswillingtomakethejourneyofwritingwithme.“Itisathingofno greatdifficulty,”accordingtoPlutarch,“toraiseobjectionsagainstanotherman􀆳sspeech, itisaveryeasy matter;buttoproduceabetterinitsplaceisa workextremely troublesome.”Iam sureIwroteessaysinthelateryearsofhighschoolwithout my mother􀆳sguidance,butIcan􀆳trecallthem.WhatIremember,however,ishowshetookup the“extremelytroublesome”workofongoingcriticism. G)TherearetwowaystointerpretPlutarchwhenhesuggeststhatacriticshouldbeableto produce“abetterinitsplace.”Inastraightforwardsense,hecouldmeanthatacriticmust critiques 评论 bemoretalentedthantheartistshe ( ).Mymotherwaswellcoveredonthis count.ButperhapsPlutarchissuggestingsomethingslightlydifferent,somethingabit closertoMarcusCicero􀆳sclaimthatoneshould“criticizebycreation,notbyfindingfault.” Genuinecriticismcreatesapreciousopeningforanauthortobecomebetteronhisown terms—aprocessthatisoftenextremelypainful,butalsoalmostalwaysmeaningful. H)Mymothersaidshewouldhelpmewithmywriting,butfirstIhadtohelpmyself.For eachassignment,IwastowritethebestessayIcould.Realcriticismisnotmeanttofind obviousmistakes,soifshefoundany—thetypeIcouldhavefoundonmyown—Ihadto startfrom scratch.From scratch.Oncetheessay was “flawless,”she wouldtakean eveningto walk methrough myerrors.Thatwaswhentruecriticism,thetypethat changedmeasaperson,began. jargon 行话 I)ShecriticizedmewhenIincludedlittle-knownreferencesandprofessional ( ).She bluff 虚张声势 hadnopatienceforbrilliantbutirrelevantfiguresofspeech.“Writerscan􀆳t ( ) theirwaythroughignorance.”Thatwasnewstome—Iwouldneedtofindanotherwayto structuremydailyexistence. J)Shetrimmedback myflowerylanguage,drewlinesthrough myexclamation marksand arguedforthevalueofrestraintinexpression.“John,”shealmostwhispered.Ileanedinto hearher:“Ican􀆳thearyouwhenyoushoutatme.”SoIstoppedshoutingandbluffing,and slowlymywritingimproved. K)SomewherealongthewayIsetasidemyhopesofwritingthatflawlessessay.ButperhapsI missedsomethingimportantinmymother􀆳slessonsaboutcreativityandperfection.Perhaps thepointofwritingtheflawlessessaywasnottogiveup,buttoneverwillinglyfinish. SongofMyself Whitmanrepeatedlyreworked“ ”between1855and1891.Repeatedly.We doourabsolutebestwithapieceofwriting,andcomeascloseaswecantotheideal.And, forthetimebeing,wesettle.Incritique,however,weareforcedtodepart,togiveupthe perfectionwethoughtwehadachievedforthechanceofbeingevenalittlebitbetter.Thisis thelessonItookfrom mymother:Ifperfectionwerepossible,itwouldnotbemotivating. 四级试题(第 套) ·6· 2015-12 2注意 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答 : 。 46.Theauthorwasadvisedagainsttheimproperuseoffiguresofspeech. 47.Theauthor􀆳smothertaughthimavaluablelessonbypointingoutlotsofflawsinhisseemingly perfectessay. 48.Awritershouldpolishhiswritingrepeatedlysoastogetclosertoperfection. 49.Writersmayexperienceperiodsoftimeintheirlifewhentheyjustcan􀆳tproduceanything. 50.Theauthorwasnotmuchsurprisedwhenhisschoolteachermarkedhisessayas“flawless”. 51.Criticizingsomeone􀆳sspeechissaidtobeeasierthancomingupwithabetterone. 52.Theauthorlooksuponhismotherashismostdemandingandcaringinstructor. 53.Thecriticismtheauthorreceivedfromhismotherchangedhimasaperson. 54.Theauthorgraduallyimprovedhiswritingbyavoidingfancylanguage. 55.Constructivecriticismgivesanauthoragoodstarttoimprovehiswriting. SectionC Directions Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor : unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA B ), ), C andD .Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletter ) ) onAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre. PassageOne Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Thewalletisheadingforextinction.Asaday-to-dayessential,itwilldieoffwiththe generationwhoreadprintnewspapers.Thekindofshopping-whereyouhandovernotesand countoutchangeinreturn—nowhappensonlyinthemostminorofourretailencounters,like buyingabarofchocolateorapintofmilkfromacornershop.Attheshopswhereyouspend anyrealmoney,thatmoneyisincreasinglyabstracted.Andthisismoreandmoretrue,the higherupthescaleyougo.Atthemostcutting-edgeretailstores—VictoriaBeckhamonDover Street,forinstance—youdon􀆳tgoandstandatanykindofcashregisterwhenyoudecideto pay.ThestaffareequippedwithiPadstotakeyourpaymentwhileyourelaxonasofa. Whichisnothingmoreorlessthanexcellentservice,ifyouhavethemoney.Butacross society,theabstractionoftheideaofcashmakesmeuneasy.MaybeI􀆳mjustold-fashioned.But earningmoneyisn􀆳tquickoreasyformostofus.Isn􀆳titabitweirdthatspendingitshould blink 眨眼 happeninhalfa ( )ofaneye? Doesn􀆳tawallet—thattime-honouredFriday-night feelingofpleasing,promisingfatness—representsomethingthatmatters? ButI􀆳llleavetheeconomicstotheexperts.Whatbothersmeaboutthedeathofthewallet isthechangeitrepresentsinourphysicalenvironment.Everythingaboutthelookandfeelofa wallet—thewaythefasteningsandmaterialswearandtearandloosenwithage,theplasticand 四级试题(第 套) 2015-12 2 ·7·paperandgoldandsilver,andhandwrittenphonenumbersandprintedcinematickets—isthe veryoppositeofwhatourworldisbecoming.Theoppositeofawalletisasmartphoneoran pebble 鹅卵石 iPad.Theroundededges,coolglass,smoothandunknowableasa ( ).Insteadof diggingthroughpiecesofpaperandpeeringintocorners,wemoveourfingersleftandright.Nomore countingoutcoins.Showyourwallet,ifyoustillhaveone.Itmaynotbeheremuchlonger. 注意 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答 : 。 56.Whatishappeningtothewallet? A)Itisdisappearing. C)itisbecomingcostly. B)Itisbeingfattened. D)Itischanginginstyle. 57.Howarebusinesstransactionsdoneinbigmodernstores? A)Individually. C)Intheabstract. B)Electronically. D)Viaacashregister. 58.Whatmakestheauthorfeeluncomfortablenowadays? A)Savingmoneyisbecomingathingofthepast. B)ThepleasingFriday-nightfeelingisfading. C)Earningmoneyisgettingmoredifficult. D)Spendingmoneyissofastandeasy. 59.Whydoestheauthorchoosetowriteaboutwhat􀆳shappeningtothewallet? A)Itrepresentsachangeinthemodernworld. B)Ithassomethingtodowitheverybody􀆳slife. C)Itmarkstheendofatime-honouredtradition. D)Itistheconcernofcontemporaryeconomists. 60.Whatcanweinferfromthepassageabouttheauthor? A)Heisresistanttosocialchanges. B)Heisagainsttechnologicalprogress. C)Hefeelsreluctanttopartwiththetraditionalwallet. D)Hefeelsinsecureintheever-changingmodernworld. PassageTwo Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Everybodysleeps,butwhatpeoplestayuplatetocatch—orwakeupearlyinordernotto miss—variesbyculture. Fromdatacollected,itseemsthethingsthatcauseustolosethemostsleep,onaverage, aresportingevents,timechanges,andholidays. Aroundtheworld,peoplechangedsleeppatternsthankstothestartorendofdaylightsavings time.Russians,forexample,begantowakeupaboutahalf-hourlatereachdayafterPresident VladimirPutinshiftedthecountrypermanentlyto“wintertime”startingonOctober26. 四级试题(第 套) ·8· 2015-12 2Russia􀆳sotherlatenightsandearlymorningsgenerallycorrespondtopublicholidays.OnNew Year􀆳sEve,Russianshavetheworld􀆳slatestbedtime,hittingthehayataround3∶30a.m. RussiansalsogetupanhourlateronInternationalWomen􀆳sDay,thedayfortreatingand celebratingfemalerelatives. Similarly,Americans􀆳latenights,latemornings,andlongestsleepsfallonthree-dayweekends. hockey 冰球 CanadagottheleastsleepoftheyearthenightitbeatSwedenintheOlympic ( )final. deprivation 剥夺 TheWorldCupisalsochieflyresponsibleforsleep ( ).Theworstnightforsleep intheU.K.wasthenightoftheEngland-ItalymatchonJune14.Britsstayedupahalf-hourlaterto watchit,andthentheywokeupearlierthanusualthenextmorningthankstosummernights,the phenomenoninwhichthesunbarelysetsinnortherncountriesinthesummertime.Thatwasnothing, though,comparedtoGermans,Italians,andtheFrench,whostayeduparoundanhourandahalf lateronvariousdaysthroughoutthesummertowatchtheCup. Itshouldbemadeclearthatnoteveryonehasadevicetorecordtheirsleeppatterns;in someofthesenations,it􀆳slikelythatonlytherichestpeopledo.Andpeoplewhoelecttotrack theirsleepmaytrytogetmoresleepthantheaverageperson.Evenifthat􀆳sthecase,though, theabovefindingsarestillstriking.Ifthemosthealth-consciousamongushavesuchdeep swingsinourshut-eyelevelsthroughouttheyear,howmuchsleeparetherestofuslosing? 注意 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答 : 。 61.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpeople􀆳ssleepinghabits? A)Theyareculture-related. C)Theychangewiththeseasons. B)Theyaffectpeople􀆳shealth. D)Theyvaryfrompersontoperson. 62.WhatdowelearnabouttheRussiansregardingsleep? A)Theydon􀆳tfallasleepuntilverylate. B)Theydon􀆳tsleepmuchonweekends. C)Theygetlesssleeponpublicholidays. D)Theysleeplongerthanpeopleelsewhere. 63.WhatisthemajorcauseforEuropeans􀆳lossofsleep? A)Thedaylightsavingstime. B)Thecolorfulnightlife. C)TheWorldCup. D)Thesummertime. 64.Whatisthemostprobablereasonforsomerichpeopletouseadevicetorecordtheirsleep patterns? A)Theyhavetroublefallingasleep. B)Theywanttogetsufficientsleep. C)Theyareinvolvedinasleepresearch. D)Theywanttogotobedonregularhours. 四级试题(第 套) 2015-12 2 ·9·65.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph? A)Sleeplessnessdoesharmtopeople􀆳shealth. B)Fewpeoplereallyknowtheimportanceofsleep. C)Itisimportanttostudyoursleeppatterns. D)Averagepeopleprobablysleeplessthantherich. PartⅣ Translation 30minutes ( ) Directions Forthispart youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseinto : , English.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2. 云南省的丽江古镇是中国著名的旅游目的地之一 那里的生活节奏比大多数中国城市都要 。 缓慢 丽江到处都是美丽的自然风光 众多的少数民族同胞提供了各式各样 丰富多彩的文化让 。 , 、 游客体验 历史上 丽江还以 爱之城 而闻名 当地人中流传着许多关于因爱而生 为爱而死的 。 , “ ” 。 、 故事 如今 在中外游客眼中 这个古镇被视为爱情和浪漫的天堂 。 , , (paradise)。 注意 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答 : 。 四级试题(第 套) ·10· 2015-12 22015年12月大学英语四级考试答案与解析(第2套) PartI Writing 【范文】 Learningisadailyexperienceandalifetimemission.Thisisaproverbfulloflogic.In otherwords,learningissignificantinourwholelife.Indeed,wecanlearnmanythingsfromit. Ifyouunderstanditandapplyittoyourstudyorwork,you􀆳llnecessarilybenefitalotfromit. Therearemanyreasonswhichcanexplainthisphenomenonandthefollowingarethe typicalones.Thefirstreasonisthatlearningcanlightourroadinthecomingfuture.Thereis nodenyingthefactthatthesocietyisdevelopingincreasinglyfastandweareofteneasily surpassedbythepeoplearound.Theonlywaytoavoidthisistolearntoimproveourselves.As anillustration,I􀆳dliketotakemyselfasanexample.Aftergraduationfromcollege,mylifehas beenfullofworkingpressure,whichcontributestomydecisionofpursuingfurthereducation. That􀆳swhyIcanmakemyownwayinsuchacompetitivesociety. Theeffectoflearningcanbeboileddowntotwomajorones.First,withthespiritof learning,wearemorecapableofovercomingthedifficultiesinthefuture.Moreimportantly, wecanenrichoursparetimelifebylearning.Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustrememberthat learningisthebasicskillinourlife. PartII ListeningComprehension 1~5 :CDCBC 6~10 :DBBCA 11~15:CBDCA 16~20:ADCAD 21~25:ACDAB SectionA NewsItemOne TheexpectedlifespanofBeijingresidentshasgoneupto75.5yearsoldcomparedwith74.4years oldadecadeearlier,[1]whilethedeathrateofmiddle-agedresidentsincreaseddramatically, accordingtoarecentofficialreport.ThereportmadepublicbytheBeijingDiseaseControland PreventionCentersaidthepastmortalityofpeopleagedbetween35to54yearsoldhadgoneup 58.5%duringthepasttenyears,from158peopleper100,000in1991to251peopleper100,000last year.Infantandmaternalmortalityrateswentdown132%and147%respectively.[2]Health expertssaidchronicnon-infectiousdiseaseswerethemaincausesofdeath,covering60%ofthe totalnumberofdeaths.Themalemortalityrateishigherthanthatoffemales,andthedeath rateamongruralresidentsishigherthanthatoftheurbanones. Questions1and2willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem. 1.Whichgroupofpeoplehavethefastest-growingmortalityrateduringthepast10years? 2.Whataccountsformostdeathsaccordingtohealthexperts? 四级试题(第 套) 2015-12 2 ·11·NewsItemTwo [3]FourAmericanteenagers,allchildrenofU.S.militarypersonnel,havebeenarrested onchargesofattemptedmurderafterawomanwasknockedoffhermotorbikewithropestrung acrosstwopoles,Japanesepolicesaid.The4suspects—two15-year-oldboys,a17-year-old girl,andan18-year-oldman—weretakenintocustodyonSaturday,theTokyoMetropolitan PoliceDepartmentsaid.[3]Theyareaccusedofcausingasevereheadinjurytoa23-year-old restaurantemployeebystringingaropebetweenpolesacrossaroad. [4]U.S.ForcesinJapanwasinformedoftheAugustincidentinlateOctober,apublic informationofficersaid.Therewasnoclearexplanationforthedelayinthehandoverofthe suspectstopolice,otherthanitinvolvedrulesbetweenWashingtonandTokyocoveringU.S. forcesandtheirdescendantsinJapan. Questions3and4willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem. 3.Accordingtothenews,whowasthevictim? 4.Whenwerethesuspectsarrested? NewsItemThree TheGoldenGateBridgejoinsthebeautifulcityofSanFranciscowiththesuburbstothe north.Eachdayaboutonehundredthousandautomobilescrossthebridgetakingpeopletoand fromthecity.Morethanhalfofthemcrossthebridgeduringthemorningandeveningrush hours.[5]Withthetrafficsoheavy,thetripisnotpleasant.Now,however,therelivesone groupofhappycommuters.Theygotoworkbyboatandenjoyitsomuchthatmostofthem saytheywillnevergobycaragain.Theferrytheytakeisspacious,quietandcomfortable.The triptakesonly30minutesandit􀆳snotverycostly.[6]Butbestofall,beingontheboatseems tomakepeoplemorefriendlytowardeachother.Becausetheferryhasbeensosuccessful,there areplanstouseotherstilllargerboats.Thereisalsoaproposalforahighspeedboatthat makesthetriponlyfor15minutes.Butnoteveryoneishappyaboutthat.[7]Alotofpeople feelthathalfanhourisjustenoughtimetorelax. Questions5to7willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem. 5.HowdocommutersfeelaboutcrossingtheGoldenGateBridgebycar? 6.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutferrycommuters? 7.Howdocommutersrespondtoplansforthefutureoftheferry? SectionB ConversationOne M:I􀆳mexcitedaboutgoingtotheconcertatthecampuspubonSaturday.It􀆳ssupposedtobe thebestshowoftheyear.You􀆳recoming,aren􀆳tyou? W:IwishIcould,[9]butIalreadypromisedLisathatIwouldcoverbothofhernightshiftsat themoviestorethisweekend. 四级试题(第 套) ·12· 2015-12 2M:[8]Whydidyoudothat? Didyouforgetabouttheconcert? W:Actually,Ireallyneedthehours.Nextsemesterisgoingtobereallyexpensive.Ihaveto buyanewpsychologytextbookthatisgoingtocostmemorethanonehundreddollars. M:Haveyoulookedintheusedbookstoreforit?Ineverbuymymathtextbooksnew. W:[10]That􀆳swhatIwouldnormallydo,butit􀆳saneweditionthisyear.Someofthechapters aredifferent,soIreallyneedtobuythenewone. M:That􀆳stoobad.Iwishyoucouldcometotheconcert.Ifitmakesyoufeelanybetter,[11] Mattwon􀆳tbeabletocomeeither. W:Whyisthat? [11]It􀆳shisfavoriteband! M:[11]Hehastogohomefortheweekend.Hissisterisgettingmarried. Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 8.Whatarethespeakersdiscussing? 9.WhatwillthewomandoonSaturday? 10.Whydoesthewomanhavetobuyanewpsychologytextbook? 11.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation? ConversationTwo W:Haveyoueverlookedreallycloselyatthesnowflakes? M:Sure,buttheyusuallymelttoofastformetogetacloselook.Whydoyouask? W:[12]&[13]I􀆳mjustcurious.Iwasreadinganarticleabouttheformationofsnowflakes,and Irealizedthat􀆳Ihadneverpaidmuchattentiontothembefore. M:Well,thereisabigvariety,isn􀆳tthere? W:Yeah,buttheyallhaveoneofthethreebasicforms:hexagonalcolumns,thinhexagonal platesandthebranchingstar-shapedform. M:Iwonderwhytheformsaredifferent,maybebecauseicestartstoformondustparticles withdifferentshapes. W:Well,Ithoughtitmighthavesomethingtodowiththewatersaturationoftheair.But we􀆳rebothwrong.[14]Theauthorofthisarticledidextensiveresearchandconcludedthat theshapeofsnowcrystalsislargelycontrolledbythetemperatureoftheair.Forexample, thefeatherystar-shapedsnowflakethateveryonethinksistypicaloccursonlyataspecific temperature. M:Doesn􀆳ttherelativehumidityhaveanythingtodowiththeshapes? W:Apparentlynot.Theeffectofsupersaturationissimplytoalterthegrowthrate.Thegreaterthe saturation,thefasterthesnowflakesform. M:Wow,[15]nexttimeitsnows,I􀆳llmakeapointoftakingacloselook. Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 12.Whatarethetwopersonstalkingabout? 四级试题(第 套) 2015-12 2 ·13·13.Whyhasthewomanbroughtupthesubjectofsnowflakes? 14.Whatdeterminestheshapeofthesnowflakes? 15.Whatdoesthemansayhe􀆳sgoingtodo? SectionC PassageOne Bodylanguage,especiallygestures,variesamongcultures.Forexample,anodofthehead means“yes”tomostofus.[16]ButinBulgariaandGreeceanodmeans“no”andashakeofthe headmeans“yes”.Likewise,asignforOK,formingacirclewithourforefingerandthumb, meanszeroinFranceandmoneyinJapan.[17]WavingorpointingtoanArabbusinessperson wouldbeconsideredrudebecausethatishow Arabscalltheirdogsover.Foldedarmssignal prideinFinland,butdisrespectinFiji.ThenumberofbowsthattheJapaneseexchangeon greetingeachother,aswellasthelengthandthedepthofthebows,signalsthesocialstatus eachpartyfeelstowardstheother.Italiansmightthinkyou􀆳reboredunlessyouusealotof gesturesduringdiscussions.[18]ManyAmericanmensitwiththeirlegscrossedwithoneankle restingovertheoppositeknee.However,thiswouldbeconsideredaninsultinMuslimcountries, whereonewouldnevershowthesoleofthefoottoaguest.Likewise,Americansconsidereye contactveryimportant,oftennottrustingsomeonewhoisafraidtolookyouintheeye.Butin JapanandmanyLatinAmericancountries,keepingtheeyesloweredisasignofrespect.To lookuponfirmlyintheeyeisconsideredasignofillbreedingandisfelttobeannoying. Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 16.WhatgesturedoBulgariansandGreeksusetoexpressnegativeresponses? 17.WhatislikelytooffendArabbusinesspeople? 18.WhatisconsideredtobeimpoliteinMuslimcountries? PassageTwo Threeyearsago,Puncha Maya,herhusbandandfivechildrenlivedinashakyflatin southernNepal.Everymorning,theparentswalkedthedirtroadsseekingworkintherice fields.[19]Aftertheharvest,thefamilywentbeggingforfood.Today,theMayasownasmall paper-bagmakingcompany.Withthemoneythey􀆳veearned,theMayashavepurchasedasmall plot,onwhichtheygrewvegetablesandraisegoatsforadditionalincome.Infact,thefamily hassaved$68,thisisremarkableinacountrywithanaverageannualincomeof$160. GraceMbakwa,herhusbandandeightchildrenoncelivedhand-to-mouthinCameroon. Today,theMbakwasrunaclothingmanufacturingbusinessandownahome.[20]Theyare abletosendtheirchildrentoschool,atacostofannualsumof$2,800. TheideaofstartingherownbusinessseemedimpossibletoPilarMoya,apoorwoman fromAtahualpa,highinEcuador􀆳sAndesMountains.Today,however,sheisoneoftheproud ownersofabakeryspecializinginsweetcakes. 四级试题(第 套) ·14· 2015-12 2[21]Thesebusinessesarepartofeconomicrevolutionsweepingtodevelopingworld.The sponsoristheTrickleUpProgram,anon-profitorganizationfoundedbyNew YorkersGlen andMildredLeet.ThisorganizationofferspeopleliketheMayas,theMbakwasandtheMoyas modest$100grands.Since1979,theprogramhashelpedover130,000oftheworld􀆳sneediest peoplein90countrieswinsmalllife-savingvictoriesoverpoverty.Andithasturnedconventional thinkingaboutforeignaidonitshand. Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 19.WhatdowelearnaboutPunchaMaya􀆳sfamilyofthreeyearsago? 20.WhatistheMbakwasabletodonow? 21.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout? PassageThree Takecareofyourteethandyourteethwilltakecareofyou.[22]Yourteetharealiving partofyourbody.Theyhavenervesandbloodvessels.Diseasedteethcancausepain,dieand fallout.Plaqueisthemainenemyofhealthyteeth.Everyonehasplaque.[23]Itisasticky colorlessfilmthatcoatstheteeth.Plaqueisalwaysformingontheteeth,especiallyatthegum line.Ifplaqueisnotremoved,itbuildsupandgetsunderthegumline.Plaquethatislefton theteethforsometimehardens.Theresultistoothdecayandgumdisease.[24]Thebacteria inplaqueliveonsugar.Theychangesugarintoacids,whichbreakdownthetooth􀆳sharderout- ercovering.Ifleftuntreated,decaygoesdeeperanddeeperintothetooth.Afterawhile,the decayreachesthenervesandbloodvesselsoftheinnertooth.Bythetimethishappens,the toothhasprobablystartedtoache.[25]Inadditiontotoothdecay,therearealsogumdiseases towatchoutfor.Thebacteriainplaquemakepoisonsthatattackthegums.Smallpocketsform aroundtheteeth.Thepocketstrapmorebacteriaandfoodparticles.Finally,thebonesupport- ingtheteethisattackedandstartstoshrink.Teethbecomelooseandmayfallout.Adultslose mostteeththisway.Keepyourmouthhealthy.Whenyoubrushyourteeth,doagoodjob. Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 22.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutourteeth? 23.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutplaque? 24.Whyissugarharmfultoteeth? 25.Whatcausesadultstolosemostoftheirteethaccordingtothespeaker? PartIII ReadingComprehension 36~40:NFHDJ 41~45:ABGMK 46~50:ICKEB 51~55:FAHJG 56~60:ABDAD 61~65:ACCBB SectionA 对许多美国人来说, 年以一种异常的寒冷结束了。许多地区在十一月末到十二月初时 2013 四级试题(第 套) 2015-12 2 ·15·就[ ]看到了雪,感受到了刺骨的温度,这是二[ ]十年来头一次,冷冬的天数可能远远超过了 36 37 记录过得暖冬的天数。但美国的情况是个例外:十一月份向来是[ ]全球范围内最温暖的一个 38 月。当前的数据表明, 年很可能是记载中第四个最热的年份。 2013 享受现在的雪吧,因为现在正是好[ ]时机, 年将更热,也许是有记录以来最热的一 39 2014 年。这是因为,科学家们预测, 年是厄尔尼诺年。 2014 厄尔尼诺,在西班牙语中是“孩子”的意思,当南太平洋海水表面温度异常升高时就会[ ]出 40 现。如此之大的太平洋,覆盖了地球表面的 ,由于它的增温所产生的[ ]额外的能量足以 30% 41 引发一系列全球气候变化。厄尔尼诺现象[ ]与东南亚和澳大利亚极端干旱的天气有关。尽管 42 南非[ ]经历着干燥的天气,厄尔尼诺仍可以导致北美和南美的部分地区极端降雨。海洋生物 43 也可能受到影响:厄尔尼诺现象可以[ ]降低寒冷但营养丰富的海水上升,这些海水供养了大量 44 鱼[ ]群,另外,异常温暖的海水温度会破坏珊瑚。 45 空格处缺少谓语 优先考虑动词 结合语义并根据 可以推 36.N) , , LateNovemberandDecember 出应选择动词过去式 故答案为 看到 , saw( )。 根据空格前的 首选复数名词 结合语义 译 37.F) two, , ,“forthefirsttimeinthetwodecades”, 为 二十年来头一次 故答案为 十年 : 。 decades( )。 该句子为主系表结构 不缺主要成分 所以首选副词 根据意思 十一月向来是全球范围 38.H) , , , : 内最温暖的一个月 故答案为 全球范围内 。 globally( )。 该句缺少主语 并且谓语是 所以首选复数形式的名词 结合前文 39.D) , are, , Enjoythesnow 享受现在的雪吧 因为 时机是好的 故答案为 时机 now,“ ”, “ ”。 changes( )。 空格前方有主语 且是单数形式 而后面由 引导的时间状语从句的时态是一般现在 40.J) , , when 时 所以主句谓语锁定第三人称单数形式的动词 故答案为 出现 , , occurs( )。 空格前为定冠词 后面为名词 中间只能选形容词 故答案为 额外的 41.A) the, , , additional( )。 空格前为 动词 右边为介词 中间只能是形容词或动词的过去分词形式 故选 42.B) be , with, , 构成固定搭配 表示 与 有关 associated, beassociatedwith “ …… ”。 空格前为主语 空格内应该为动词的第三人称单词形式 根据意思 南非 43.G) southernAfrica, , : 经历着干燥的天气 故答案为 经历 , experiences( )。 空格前为情态动词 空格内必须为动词原形 根据意思 厄尔尼诺现象可以降低寒冷但营 44.M) , , : 养丰富的海水上升 故答案为 降低 , reduce( )。 空格与前面的 共同构成动词 的宾语 只能选一个名词来作为名词词 45.K) largefish support , 组 故选 表示 大量的鱼群 , populations “ ”。 SectionB 完美的文章 )回首这么多年的教育,我可以确定我有一个极其严格的老师。[ ]她关心我,也关心我的学 A 52 习生活,即使在我自己都不在意的时候。她对我的期望很高———是个不可能达到的目标。她 是一位英语老师。她也是我的母亲。 四级试题(第 套) ·16· 2015-12 2)当好学生交一篇文章时,他们梦想着老师原封不动的还给他们,除了在最后一页添加一个词: B “完美”。这个梦想在我上九年级的一个下午实现了。当然,我早就听说小神童在幼年时就可 以展现出天才的本领,[ ]所以我只是有一点点惊讶,我在 岁时就做到了完美。显然,我 50 14 只是做了任何职业作家都会做的事,我急忙去传播这一喜讯。但我并没宣传的很远。我第一 个告诉的人是我的母亲。 )我的母亲,还不到五英尺高,平常是非常温和的,但偶尔在生气的时候也会变得可怕。我不确 C 定她生气的原因是我得意忘形还是我的英语老师让我的自负心变得无法控制。在任何情况 下,[ ]我母亲和她的红笔都能让我知道再完美的文章也有许多缺点。当时,我相信她以为 47 她正在教我技巧、过渡、结构、风格和语气表达。但我学到的,以及我在哈佛大学教写作的日 子里伴随我的,是关于创造性批评本质的更深层次的领会。 )刚开始的时候,这很让我伤心。真正的批评,对一个作家而言,给你留下了一个永恒的印记, D 作为一个人来说,也为你留下了一个存在的印记。我听到人们说,一个作家不应该把批评当 成是针对自己。在我看来,我们不应该听这些人的话。 )批评,最好的状态绝对是针对个人的,并拷问我们为什么要这样写。真正的亲密性质的批评意 E 味着:谁能给出批评,也就是说,由了解你的人告诉你,并向你充分展示出你的精神世界是如何 妨碍你写作的。同时,他们也是看着你经历这种痛苦历练的人。对我来说,这是我的第一次,我 只希望是唯一的一次,让我遇到作家的阻碍———[ ]我三年内都没有创造出任何作品。 49 )弗朗茨·卡夫卡曾说过:“写作是完全的独处,只身一人降落到冰冷的深渊。”我母亲以批评的 F 方式告诉我,卡夫卡对深渊的描述是正确的,当你做到写作所需要的内心的反省和沉淀时,你 对于自己的发现并没有感到快乐。但是,在接下来的几年里,她持续的教导证明了卡夫卡对 于独处的描述可能是错的。我足够幸运的是找到了一个评论家老师,愿意同我一起开始写作 旅程。“这没什么难的。”据普鲁塔克所说,“[ ]对另一个人的言论提出反对意见,这是一个 51 非常简单的事;但想要在原有的基础上变得更好却是非常麻烦的事。”我确定在高中的最后几 年,我在没有母亲的指导下写出了文章,但我不记得它们。然而,我却记得她如何承担起这个 “非常麻烦的”不断批评的工作。 )有两种方法可以解释普鲁塔克所说的一个评论家应该能够创作出“更好的结果”。在简单意 G 义上来说,他可能意味着一个评论家必须比她评论的艺术家更有才华。我母亲在这一点上做 到了。但也许普鲁塔克是在暗示某些不同之处,一些接近马库斯·西赛罗说法的东西,他说 一个人应该“创造批评,而不是找茬去批评。”[ ]真正的批评为作者创造了宝贵的机会,使他 55 们自己去做得更好———这个过程往往是极其痛苦的,但通常也是意义非凡的。 )母亲说她会帮助我写作,但首先我必须能自助。对于每次任务,我都应尽我所能写最好的文 H 章。真正的批评不是为了找到明显的错误,所以如果她发现任何我自己就可以发现的错 误———我就不得不重写。从头开始。一旦文章“完美”了,她会花一个晚上从头至尾的给我 解释我所有的问题。[ ]那时才是真正的批评,也是我彻底改变的开始。 53 )当我运用鲜为人知的资料或专业术语时她会批评我。[ ]她对看上去精妙绝伦但无关紧要 I 46 的修辞是没有耐心的。“作家不能凭借无知来虚张声势。”这对我来说是新鲜事,我需要找到 四级试题(第 套) 2015-12 2 ·17·另一种方式来寻找我每天的存在感。 )她删掉了我华丽的语句,划掉我的感叹号,指出克制表达式的价值。她低声说:“约翰,你对我 J 大喊大叫的时候我是听不到的。”我俯身倾听。[ ]所以我停止了虚张声势的语言,慢慢地我 54 的写作有了提高。 )在一段时间中我会抛开想要写出完美文章的希望。也许在我母亲对创造力和完美的经验教 K 训中我错过了一些重要的东西。[ ]也许写出完美的文章关键点并不是放弃,而是永远不会 48 完成。惠特曼在 — 年间反复修改了《自我之歌》。我们反复修改最好的作品,并尽 1855 1891 可能的去接近我们理想的状态。这是我们眼下该解决的。然而在批判中,我们不得不放弃我 们认为已经做到的完美,哪怕是一点点可以变得更好的机会。这是我从母亲那里得到的教 训:如果完美是可能的,它就不会激励我们。 根据题干线索词 定位至 段 原文中该词组前面的形容词是 和 46.I) figuresofspeech I) , “irrelevant”, 句中的 为同义替换关系 “improper” 。 根据题干线索词 定位至 段 同义替换关系句 47.C) flaws C) , “mymotherandherredpenshowed mehowdeeplyflawedaflawlessessaycouldbe.” 根据题干意思 为了达到完美 作家应该反复地修改他的文章 可对应 段中的 48.K) : , , K) “Perhaps thepointofwritingtheflawlessessaywasnottogiveup,buttoneverwillinglyfinish.” 根据题干意思 作家一生中可能会经历一段无法创作的时期 可对应 段中的 49.E) : , E) “Iwasnot abletoproduceanythingforthreeyears.” 根据题干意思 当老师认为作者的文章达到完美时 他并没有特别惊讶 可对应 段的 50.B) : , , B) 其 “soIwasonlyslightlytakenabackthatIhadachievedperfectionatthetenderageof14.” 中 译为 惊讶 takenaback “ ”。 根据题干意思 批评一个人的言论比提出一个更好的容易一些 可对应 段的 51.F) : , F) “Itisathing ofnogreatdifficulty,”accordingtoPlutarch,“toraiseobjectionsagainstanotherman􀆳sspeech,it isaveryeasymatter;buttoproduceabetterinitsplaceisaworkextremelytroublesome.” 根据题干意思 作者视其母为最严格和最细心的老师 可对应 段的 52.A) : , A) “Shecaredabout me,andmyintellectuallife,evenwhenIdidn􀆳t.Herexpectationswerehigh—impossibly so.ShewasanEnglishteacher.Shewasalsomymother.” 根据题干意思 作者从其母亲那得到的批评改变了作者的人格 可对应 段的 53.H) : , H) “That waswhentruecriticism,thetypethatchangedmeasaperson,began.” 根据题干意思 作者通过避免使用华而不实的语言慢慢地提升自己的写作水平 可对应 54.J) : , J) 段的 “SoIstoppedshoutingandbluffing,andslowlymywritingimproved.” 根据题干意思 有建设性的评判能让作家在提高写作方面有一个新的开始 可对应 段 55.G) : , G) “Genuinecriticismcreatesapreciousopeningforanauthortobecomebetteronhisown terms—aprocessthatisoftenextremelypainful,butalsoalmostalwaysmeaningful. 四级试题(第 套) ·18· 2015-12 2SectionC PassageOne [ ]钱包正走向灭亡。作为日常的必需品,它将与只读纸质报纸的一代人一同消失。有一 56 种购物形式———在那里你需要交出纸币并数找给你的零钱———目前只有在最小的小卖部中才能 遇到,就像在街角的商店买一块巧克力或一瓶脱脂牛奶。在任何要花现金的商店,这些钱变得越 来越抽象。而且商店规模越大,这一点就越正确。[ ]在最前沿的零售商店里———如坐落在多 57 佛街的维多利亚·贝克汉姆店———当你准备付款时,你不用站在任何收银机前。员工都配备了 ,你只需要放松的坐在沙发上就可以完成付款。 ipad 如果你有钱,这只是一种优质的服务。[ ]但在整个社会中,现金抽象化的思想使我不安。 60 也许是我太守旧了。[ ]但赚钱对大多数人来说并不是轻松、容易的事。花钱却发生在一转眼 58 的时间,这不是很奇怪吗? 星期五晚上鼓鼓的钱包所带来的愉快、前途光明的感觉由来已久——— 难道这代表不了什么吗? 但我会把经济学留给专家。[ ]困扰我的问题是钱包的消失所代表的客观环境的改变。钱 59 包的外观和它带来的感觉———连接扣带和材质随时间而磨损,变得破旧,钱包中的塑料制品(银 行卡)、纸币、金色和银色的硬币,手写的电话号码和打印的电影票———这些都与世界变化的方向 截然相反。与钱包对立的是 或智能手机。有着圆润的边缘,酷酷的玻璃触屏,就像光滑而 iPad 不知名的鹅卵石。我们在屏幕上左右滑动手指,而不再从纸堆中找东西或仔细查看每个角落。 不再需要数硬币。如果你仍然有一个钱包,展示它吧。它可能不会长存于世了。 根据题干中的 定位至第一段 该段首句就指出 钱包正走向灭 56.A) happeningtothewallet 。 , 亡 故选 项 正在消失 。 A) : 。 根据题干中的 定位至第一段后半段 后半段指出 在商品交易中 现代 57.B) bigmodernstores 。 , , 化的大商店都是用 收款 故选 项 电子设备 iPad 。 B) : 。 根据题干中的 定位至第二段 该段指出 赚钱不容易 花钱却是一转眼的 58.D) uncomfortable 。 , , 时间 故选 项 花钱是如此快速且容易 。 D) : 。 根据题干中的 定位至第三段第二句 该句指出 困扰我的问题是 59.A) happeningtothewallet 。 , 钱包的消失所代表的客观环境的改变 故选 项 它代表了现代世界的变化 。 A) : 。 题干意思为 从文章中我们能推断出什么 因此通读全文 其中第二段第二句提到 现金 60.D) : ? , : 抽象化的想法令作者不安 整篇文章也是通过举钱包逐渐消失的例子来表达变化的现代世 。 界令作者不安 故选 项 他在不断变化的现代世界中感到不安 强干扰项为 项 定位 。 D) : 。 C) , 至最后一段末句 如果你仍然有一个钱包 展示它吧 它可能不会长存于世了 只表达作者 : , 。 。 对传统钱包的不舍 不是写作的主要目的 过于片面 故排除 , , , 。 PassageTwo 每个人都需要睡觉,[ ]但是人们为了赶上什么而熬夜或为了不错过什么而早起,并因不同 61 的文化存在不同的差异。 从收集到的数据来看,通常,体育赛事,时间变化或假期,似乎是导致我们失去最多睡眠的原因。 四级试题(第 套) 2015-12 2 ·19·在世界各地,由于夏令时的开始或结束,人们改变了睡眠模式。例如,俄罗斯总统普京将该 国家永久地改为“冬令时”,从 月 日开始俄罗斯人每天醒来的时间大约晚半小时。 10 26 [ ]俄罗斯其他熬夜或早起的日子通常与公众假期相对应。在新年前夕,俄罗斯人是世界 62 上睡的最晚的,上床睡觉时间大约在凌晨 。 3∶30 俄罗斯人在国际妇女节这天也会晚起一个小时,为了款待女性亲属,并为女性同胞庆祝。 同样,美国人熬夜、晚起和睡眠时间最长的时候是为期三天的周末。 加拿大今年睡眠时间最少的一天是在冬季奥运会冰球决赛上击败瑞典的那一晚。 世界杯也是剥夺睡眠的主要原因。英国人睡眠最糟的夜晚出现在 月 日英国对意大利 6 14 的比赛中,为了这场比赛,他们晚睡半小时;又由于仲夏之夜的原因,第二天要比平常早醒来,这 个现象出现在夏季的北方国家,太阳几乎不会落下。[ ]不过,相比德国人、意大利人和法国人, 63 这不算什么,他们为了看世界杯,整个夏天不同的日子里都会晚睡一个半小时左右。 [ ]应该明确的是,并不是每个人都有一个设备来记录他们的睡眠模式;在以上一些国家 64 中,可能只有最富有的人可以这样做。那些选择追踪记录自己睡眠的人也许是想要得到比普通 人更多的睡眠。然而,即使是这样,上述发现仍令人震惊。[ ]在一年中,如果我们中最有健康 65 意识的人的睡眠时间都有这样大的波动,那我们其余的人又失去多少睡眠时间呢? 根据题干中的 定位至第一段后半句 该句指出 但是人们为了赶上什么 61.A) sleepinghabits 。 , 而熬夜或为了不错过什么而早起 并因不同的文化产生不同的差异 根据 , 。 variesbyculture, 因此此题答案为 项 睡眠习惯与文化相关 A) : 。 根据题干中的 定位至第四段首句 该句指出 俄罗斯其他熬夜或早起的日子通 62.C) Russians 。 , 常与公众假期相对应 故选 项 他们并没有在公众假期睡的多 。 C) : 。 题干问的是欧洲人缺乏睡眠的主要原因是什么 根据题干中的 定位至倒 63.C) , Europeans􀆳loss 数第二段末句 原文的 是题干中 的同义改 。 Germans,Italians,andtheFrench “Europeans” 写 而他们 就是为了 所以说他们缺乏睡眠的原因便是 项 世 , stayedup towatchtheCup, C) : 界杯 故选 项 , C) 。 题干问的是富有的人使用设备来记录他们的睡眠模式的原因 由 以及 64.B) 。 richpeople device 定位到最后一段前两句 该句指出 那些选择追踪记录自己睡眠的人也许是想要得到比普通 , , 人更多的睡眠 故选 项 他们想要得到充足的睡眠 。 B) : 。 题干意思为 最后一段作者暗示了什么 因此定位至最后一段末句 如果我们中最有健康 65.B) : ? : 意识的人的睡眠时间都有这样大的波动 那我们其余的人又失去多少睡眠时间呢 作者提到 , ? 了 说明人们对健康的意识是缺乏的 对健康是视而不见的 因此选 项 health-conscious, , , B) : 很少人真正知道睡眠的重要性 。 PartIV Translation 【参考译文】 Lijiang,anancienttowninYunnanProvince,isoneofthemostfamoustouristdestinations.Its paceoflifeisslowerthanthatofmostcitiesofChina.Therearemanynaturalbeautieseverywherein 四级试题(第 套) ·20· 2015-12 2Lijiangandmanyethnicalminoritiesprovidetouristswithagreatvarietyofculturalexperience.Lijiang wasalsowell-knownasthe“cityoflove”inhistory.Manystoriesaboutlifeanddyingforlovehave spreadedwidelyamongthelocals.Nowadays,fortouristsbothathomeandabroad,theancienttown isregardedasaparadiseofloveandromance. 四级试题(第 套) 2015-12 2 ·21·