四级2015-12-3_四六级真题+资料包_六级真题_2015真题+解析

机密 启用前 ★ 大 学 英 语 四 级 考 试 COLLEGEENGLISHTEST BandFour — — 2015-12-3 ( ) 试 题 册 ☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆ 敬 告 考 生 一、 在答题前,请认真完成以下内容: 请检查试题册背面条形码粘贴条 答题卡的印刷质量 如有问题及时向监考员反应 确认无 1. 、 , , 误后完成以下两点要求 。 请将试题册背面条形码粘贴条揭下后粘贴在答题卡 的条形码粘贴框内 并将姓名和准考 2. 1 , 证号填写在试题册背面相应位置 。 请在答题卡 和答题卡 指定位置用黑色签字笔填写准考证号 姓名和学校名称 并用 3. 1 2 、 , HB-2B 铅笔将对应准考证号的信息点涂黑 。 二、 在考试过程中,请注意以下内容: 所有题目必须在答题卡上规定位置作答 在试题册上或答题卡上非规定位置的作答一律无效 1. , 。 请在规定时间内在答题卡指定位置依次完成作文 听力 阅读 翻译各部分考试 作答作文期 2. 、 、 、 , 间不得翻阅该试题册 听力录音播放完毕后 请立即停止作答 监考员将立即收回答题卡 得 。 , , 1, 到监考员指令后方可继续作答 。 作文题内容印在试题册背面 作文题及其他主观题必须用黑色签字笔在答题卡指定区域内 3. , 作答 。 选择题均为单选题 错选 不选或多选将不得分 作答时必须使用 铅笔在答题卡上相 4. , 、 , HB-2B 应位置填涂 修改时须用橡皮擦净 , 。 三、 以下情况按违规处理: 不正确填写 涂 个人信息 错贴 不贴 毁损条形码粘贴条 1. ( ) , 、 、 。 未按规定翻阅试题册 提前阅读试题 提前或在收答题卡期间作答 2. 、 、 。 未用所规定的笔作答 折叠或毁损答题卡导致无法评卷 3. 、 。 考试期间在非听力考试时间佩戴耳机 4. 。 全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会2015年12月大学英语四级考试(第3套) PartI Writing 30minutes ( ) Directions Forthispart youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthe : , saying Nevergoouttheretoseewhathappens goouttheretomakethings “ , happen.Youcanciteexamplestoillustratetheimportanceofbeingparticipants ” ratherthanmereonlookersinlife.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomore than180words. 注意 此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答 : 。 PartII ListeningComprehension 25minutes ( ) SectionA DirectionsInthissection youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport : , , youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbe spokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion youmustchoosethebestanswerfrom , thefourchoicesmarkedA B C andD .Thenmarkthecorrespondingletter ), ), ) ) onAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre. Questions1and2willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem. 1.A)TerroristsfoughtwithGovernmenttroops. C)Therewereshootings. B)Thaitroopskilledterrorists. D)Therewereexplosions. 2.A)TheMuslimswantedindependence. B)Thaitroopshavebeensentthere. C)About2,000peoplehavebeenkilled. D)Therehavebeenmorebombingssince2004. Questions3and4willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem. 3.A)StudentsinSouthEast-Asiahavegreatpressureinstudy. B)Geneticfactorsinvisualimpairmentandblindness. C)StudentsinSouthEast-Asiashouldspendmoretimeoutdoors. D)ThereasonwhystudentsinSouthEast-Asiaareshort-sighted. 4.A)Electricityshortage. C)Theheavyburdenofstudies. B)Beingshortoffood. D)Overtimeexposuretosunlight. 四级试题(第 套) 2015-12 3 ·1·Questions5to7willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem. 5.A)Google􀆳sdriverlesscarproject. C)Self-drivingtechnology. B)Majorcarmanufactures. D)Apurpose-builtmachine. 6.A)Tomakemoney. C)Todevelopnewtechnology. B)Togetridofthecontrols. D)Toproduceapurpose-builtmachine. 7.A)2. B)3. C)4. D)5. SectionB DirectionsInthissection youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeach : , conversation youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestions , willbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion youmustchoosethebest , answerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA B C andD .Thenmarkthe ), ), ) ) correspondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre. Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 8.A)Conductingatrainingsessionforsecurityguards. B)Interviewingapersonforajob. C)Promotinganewalarmsystem. D)Askingacoworkersomequestions. 9.A)Wherethejobislocated. C)Howsoonhecanstartworking. B)Whattraininghewillneed. D)Howmuchthejobpays. 10.A)Hepreferstosleepuntilnoon. B)Hewritesforthelocalpaperinthemorning. C)Hehasclassesearlierintheday. D)Hewantsahigher-payingeveningjob. 11.A)Tointroducemoreabouthisworkexperience. B)Totalkabouthisfutureplanforthejob. C)Tofillinanapplicationformandhanditback. D)Totakealookattheworkplacewherehewillstay. Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 12.A)Sincehefoundagirlfriend. B)Sincehetooktoheavysmoking. C)Sincehebegantoexerciseregularly. D)Sincehestartedtoliveonhisown. 13.A)Heisgettingtoofat. C)Hedoesn􀆳teatvegetables. B)Hesmokestoomuch. D)Hedoesn􀆳tlookwellatall. 四级试题(第 套) ·2· 2015-12 314.A)Theyareoverweightfortheirage. B)Theyarerespectfultotheirparents. C)Theyarestillintheirearlytwenties. D)Theydislikedoingphysicalexercise. 15.A)Toquitsmoking. C)Tofindagirlfriend. B)Toreducehisweight. D)Tofollowheradvice. SectionC DirectionsInthissection youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage youwill : , , hearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce. Afteryouhearaquestion youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoices , markedA B C andD .ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1 ), ), ) ) withasinglelinethroughthecentre. Questions16to19arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 16.A)Theyhavedestroyedseveralsmalltowns. B)TheywillsoonspreadtoSanFrancisco. C)Theyhaveinjuredmanyresidents. D)Theyareburningoutofcontrol. 17.A)Theyhavebeenhospitalized. B)Theyhavegotskinproblems. C)Theywerechokedbythethicksmoke. D)Theywerepoisonedbytheburningchemical. 18.A)Itfailedbecauseofasuddenrocketexplosion. B)Ithasbeenre-scheduledforamiddaytakeoff. C)Ithasbeencanceledduetotechnicalproblems. D)Itwasdelayedforelevenhoursandthirtyminutes. 19.A)Theymadefrequentlong-distancecallstoeachother. B)TheyillegallyusedgovernmentcomputersinNewJersey. C)Theywerefoundtobesmarterthancomputerspecialists. D)Theywerearrestedforstealinggovernmentinformation. Questions20to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 20.A)Peaceful. B)Considerate. C)Generous. D)Cooperative. 21.A)Someonedumpedtheclothesleftinthewasheranddryer. B)Someonebrokethewasheranddryerbyoverloadingthem. C)MindyLance􀆳slaundryblockedthewaytothelaundryroom. D)MindyLancethreatenedtotakerevengeonherneighbors. 四级试题(第 套) 2015-12 3 ·3·22.A)Askingtheneighborhoodcommitteeforhelp. B)Limitingtheamountoflaundryforeachwash. C)Informingthebuildingmanagerofthematter. D)Installingafewmorewashersanddryers. Questions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 23.A)Sheisbothapopularandahighlyrespectedauthor. B)SheisthemostlovedAfricannovelistofalltimes. C)Sheisthemostinfluentialauthorsincethe1930􀆳s. D)Sheisthefirstwritertofocusonthefateofslaves. 24.A)TheBookCriticsCircleAward. B)TheNobelPrizeforliterature. C)ThePulitzerPrizeforfiction. D)TheNationalBookAward. 25.A)SheisarelativeofMorrison􀆳s. C)Sheisaskilledstoryteller. B)SheisaslavefromAfrica. D)Sheisablackwoman. (说明:以上听力部分为新题型。为了保持真题的原汁原味,以下部分题号未做改动,敬请谅解。) PartIII ReadingComprehension 40minutes ( ) SectionA DirectionsInthissection thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectone : , wordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthe passage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Each choiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterfor eachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuse anyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce. Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Childrendonotthinkthewayadultsdo.Formostofthefirstyearoflife,ifsomethingis outofsight,it􀆳soutofmind.Ifyoucoverababy􀆳s 36 toywithapieceofcloth,thebaby thinksthetoyhasdisappearedandstopslookingforit.A4-year-oldmay 37 thatasister hasmorefruitjuicewhenitisonlytheshapesoftheglassesthatdiffer,notthe 38 ofjuice. Yetchildrenaresmartintheirownway.Likegoodlittlescientists,childrenarealways testingtheirchild-sized 39 abouthowthingswork.Whenyourchildthrowsherspoonon thefloorforthesixthtimeasyoutrytofeedher,andyousay,“That􀆳senough!Iwillnotpick upyourspoonagain!”thechildwill 40 testyourclaim.Areyouserious? Areyouangry? Whatwillhappenifshethrowsthespoonagain? Sheisnotdoingthistodriveyou 41 ; rather,sheislearningthatherdesiresandyourscandiffer,andthatsometimesthose 42 四级试题(第 套) ·4· 2015-12 3areimportantandsometimestheyarenot. Howandwhydoeschildren􀆳sthinkingchange? Inthe1920s,SwisspsychologistJean cognitive 认知的 Piagetproposedthatchildren􀆳s ( )abilitiesunfold 43 ,likethebloomingof aflower,almostindependentofwhatelseis 44 intheirlives.Althoughmanyofhisspecific conclusionshavebeen 45 ormodifiedovertheyears,hisideasinspiredthousandsofstudies byinvestigatorsallovertheworld. 注意 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答 : 。 A)advocate B)amount C)confirmed D)crazy E)definite F)differences G)favorite H)happening I)immediately J)naturally K)obtaining L)primarily M)protest N)rejected O)theories SectionB DirectionsInthissection youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit. : , Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifythe paragraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraph morethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsby markingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2. HowtoEatWell A)WhydosomanyAmericanseattonsofprocessedfood,thestuffthatiscorrectlycalled junk 垃圾 ( )andshouldreallycarrywarninglabels? B)It􀆳snotbecausefreshingredientsarehardtocomeby.Supermarketsoffermorevarietythan ever,andthereareoverfourtimesasmanyfarmers􀆳marketsintheU.S.astherewere20 recipes 食谱 yearsago.Norisitforlackofavailableinformation.Thereareplentyof ( ), how-tovideosandcookingclassesavailabletoanyonewhohasacomputer,smartphoneor television.Ifanything,theinformationisoverwhelming. C)Andyetwearen􀆳tcooking.IfyoueatthreemealsadayandbehavelikemostAmericans,you calories 卡路里 probablygetatleastathirdofyourdaily ( )outsidethehome.Nearlytwo- thirdsofusgrabfastfoodonceaweek,andwegetalmost25% ofourdailycaloriesfrom snacks.Sowe􀆳reeatingoutortakingin,andwedon􀆳tsitdown—orwedo,butwehurry. D)Shouldn􀆳tpreparing—andconsuming—foodbeasourceofcomfort,pride,health,well- being,relaxation,sociability?Somethingthatconnectsustootherhumans? Whywouldwe outsource 外包 wantto ( )thisbasictask,especiallywhenoutsourcingitissoharmful? E)WhenItalkaboutcooking,I􀆳mnottalkingaboutcreatingelaboratedinnerpartiesorthree- dayscienceprojects.I􀆳mtalkingaboutsimple,easy,everyday meals.My missionisto 四级试题(第 套) 2015-12 3 ·5·encouragegreenhandsandthoselackingtimeormoneytofeedthemselves.Thatmeanswe needmodestrealisticexpectations,andweneedtoteachpeopletocookfoodthat􀆳sgood enoughtosharewithfamilyandfriends. F)Perhapsareturntorealcookingneedn􀆳tbefaroff.ArecentHarrispollrevealedthat79%of Americanssaytheyenjoycookingand30% “loveit”;14% admittonotenjoyingkitchen workandjust7% won􀆳tgonearthestoveatall.Butthisdoesn􀆳tnecessarilytranslatetoreal cooking,andtheresultofthissurveyshouldn􀆳tsurpriseanyone:52%ofthose65orolder cookathomefiveormoretimesperweek;onlyathirdofyoungpeopledo. G)Backinthe1950smostofusgrewupinhouseholdswhereMomcookedvirtuallyevery night.Theintentiontoputahome-cookedmealonthetablewasprettymuchuniversal. Mostpeoplecouldn􀆳taffordtodootherwise. H)Althoughfrozendinnerswereinventedinthe􀆳40s,theirpopularitydidn􀆳tboom until televisionsbecamepopularadecadeorsolater.Sincethen,packaged,pre-preparedmeals catalysts havebeenwhat􀆳sfordinner.Themicrowaveandfast-foodchainswerethebiggest 催 化 剂 ( ),butthebigfoodcompanies—which wanttosellanythingexcepttheraw ingredientsthatgointocooking—madethehomecookanendangeredspecies. I)Still,Ifinditstrangethatonlyathirdofyoungpeoplereportpreparingmealsathome regularly.Isn􀆳tthisthesamecrowdthatrailsagainstprocessedjunkandchampionscraft cooking? Andisn􀆳tthisthegenerationwhosaythey􀆳reconcernedabouttheirhealthandthe well-beingoftheplanet? Ifthesearetrulythevaluesofmanyyoungpeople,thentheir behaviordoesn􀆳tmatchtheirbeliefs. J)Therehavebeenhalf-heartedbutwell-publicizedeffortsbysomefoodcompaniestoreduce caloriesintheirprocessedfoods,buttheStandardAmericanDietisstillthepolaroppositeof thehealthy,mostlyplant-baseddietthatjustabouteveryexpertsaysweshouldbeeating. Consideringthatthegovernment􀆳sstandardsarenotnearlyambitiousenough,thepictureis clear:bynotcookingathome,we􀆳renoteatingtherightthings,andtheconsequencesare hardtooverstate. quantify 量化 K)Tohelp ( )thecostsofapoordiet.Irecentlytriedtoestimatethisimpactintermsof burger 汉堡包 amostfamousfood,the ( ).Iconcludedthattheprofitfromburgersismorethan offset抵消 ( )bythedamagetheycauseinhealthproblemsandenvironmentalharm. L)Cookingrealfoodisthebestdefense—nottomentionthatanymealyou􀆳relikelytoeatat homecontainsabout200fewercaloriesthanoneyouwouldeatinarestaurant. M)TothoseAmericansforwhommoneyisaconcern,myadviceissimple:Buywhatyoucanafford, andcookityourself.Thecommonprescriptionistoprimarilyshopthegrocerystore,sincethat􀆳s wherefreshproduce,meatandseafood,anddairyare.Andtosavemoneyandstilleatwellyou don􀆳tneedlocal,organicingredients;allyouneedisrealfood.I􀆳mnotsayinglocalfoodisn􀆳t 四级试题(第 套) ·6· 2015-12 3better;itis.Butthereisplentyofdecentfoodinthegrocerystores. N)Theothersectionsyoushouldgettoknowarethefrozenfoodsandthecannedgoods.Frozen produceisstillproduce;cannedtomatoesarestilltomatoes.Justmakesureyou􀆳regettingrealfood withouttonsofaddedsaltorsugar.Askyourself,wouldGrandmaconsiderthisfood? Doesitlook likesomethingthatmightoccurinnature?It􀆳sprettymuchcommonsense:youwanttobuyfood, notunidentifiablefoodlikeobjects. O)Youdon􀆳thavetohitthegrocerystoredaily,nordoyouneedanabundanceofskill.Since fewerthanhalfofAmericanssaytheycookatanintermediatelevelandonly20%describe theircookingskillsasadvanced,thecrisisisoneofconfidence.Andtheonlyremedyfor thatispractice.There􀆳snothingmysteriousaboutcookingtheeveningmeal.Youjusthave todoalittlethinkingaheadandredefinewhatqualifiesasdinner.Likeanyskill,cooking getseasierasyoudoitmore;everytimeyoucook,youadvanceyourlevelofskills. Somedayyou won􀆳tevenneedrecipes.Myadviceisthatyounotpayattentiontothe numberofstepsandingredients,becausetheycanbedeceiving. P)Time,Irealize,isthebiggestobstacletocookingformostpeople.Youmustadjustyour prioritiestofindtimetocook.Forinstance,youcanmoveaTVtothekitchenandwatch yourfavoriteshowswhileyou􀆳restandingatthesink.Nooneisaskingyoutogiveup activitiesyoulike,butifyou􀆳rewatchingfoodshowsonTV,trycookinginstead. 注意 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答 : 。 46.Cookingbenefitspeopleinmanywaysandenablesthemtoconnectwithoneanother. 47.AbundantinformationaboutcookingisavailableeitheronlineoronTV. 48.Youngpeopledolesscookingathomethantheelderlythesedays. 49.Cookingskillscanbeimprovedwithpractice. 50.Inthemid-20thcentury,mostfamiliesatedinnerathomeinsteadofeatingout. 51.Eventhoseshortoftimeormoneyshouldbeencouragedtocookforthemselvesandtheirfamily. 52.Eatingfoodnotcookedbyourselvescancauseseriousconsequences. 53.Toeatwellandstillsavemoney,peopleshouldbuyfreshfoodandcookitthemselves. 54.Wegetafairlylargeportionofcaloriesfromfastfoodandsnacks. 55.ThepopularityofTVledtothepopularityoffrozenfood. SectionC Directions Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor : unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA B ), ), C andD .Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletter ) ) onAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre. 四级试题(第 套) 2015-12 3 ·7·PassageOne Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage. CouldyoureproduceSiliconValleyelsewhere,oristheresomethinguniqueaboutit? Itwouldn􀆳tbesurprisingifitwerehardtoreproduceinothercountries,becauseyou couldn􀆳treproduceitinmostoftheUSeither.WhatdoesittaketomakeaSiliconValley? It􀆳stherightpeople.IfyoucouldgettherighttenthousandpeopletomovefromSilicon ValleytoBuffalo,BuffalowouldbecomeSiliconValley. hub 中心 Youonlyneedtwokindsofpeopletocreateatechnology ( ):richpeopleand nerds 痴迷科研的人 ( ). Observationbearsthisout.WithintheUS,townshavebecomestartuphubsifandonlyif theyhavebothrichpeopleandnerds.Fewstartupshappenin Miami,forexample,because althoughit􀆳sfullofrichpeople,ithasfewnerds.It􀆳snotthekindofplacenerdslike. WhereasPittsburghhastheoppositeproblem:plentyofnerds,butnorichpeople.Thetop USComputerSciencedepartmentsaresaidtobe MIT,Stanford,Berkeley,andCarnegie- Mellon.MITyieldedRoute128.StanfordandBerkeleyyieldedSiliconValley.Butwhatdid Carnegie-Mellon yieldin Pittsburgh? And what happenedin Ithaca,home of Cornell University,whichisalsohighonthelist? IgrewupinPittsburghandwenttocollegeatCornell,soIcananswerforboth.The weatheristerrible,particularlyinwinter,andthere􀆳snointerestingoldcitytomakeupforit, asthereisinBoston.Richpeopledon􀆳twanttoliveinPittsburghorIthaca.Sowhilethere􀆳re hackers 电脑迷 plentyof ( )whocouldstartstartups,there􀆳snoonetoinvestinthem. Doyoureallyneedtherichpeople? Wouldn􀆳titworktohavethegovernmentinvestinthe nerds? No,itwouldnot.Startupinvestorsareadistincttypeofrichpeople.Theytendtohave alotofexperiencethemselvesinthetechnologybusiness.Thishelpsthem picktheright startups,andmeanstheycansupplyadviceandconnectionsaswellasmoney.Andthefactthat theyhaveapersonalstakeintheoutcomemakesthemreallypayattention. 注意 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答 : 。 56.WhatdowelearnaboutSiliconValleyfromthepassage? A)Itssuccessishardtocopyanywhereelse. B)ItisthebiggesttechnologyhubintheUS. C)Itsfameinhightechnologyisincomparable. D)Itleadstheworldininformationtechnology. 57.WhatmakesMiamiunfittoproduceaSiliconValley? A)Lackofincentiveforinvestment. B)Lackoftherightkindoftalents. C)Lackofgovernmentsupport. D)Lackoffamousuniversities. 四级试题(第 套) ·8· 2015-12 358.InwhatwayisCarnegie-MellondifferentfromStanford,BerkeleyandMIT? A)Itslocationisnotasattractivetorichpeople. B)Itssciencedepartmentsarenotnearlyasgood. C)Itdoesnotproducecomputerhackersandnerds. D)Itdoesnotpaymuchattentiontobusinessstartups. 59.WhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutBoston? A)Ithaspleasantweatherallyearround. B)Itproduceswealthaswellashigh-tech. C)Itisnotlikelytoattractlotsofinvestorsandnerds. D)Itisanoldcitywithmanysitesofhistoricalinterest. 60.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutstartupinvestors? A)Theyareespeciallywiseinmakinginvestments. B)Theyhavegoodconnectionsinthegovernment. C)Theycandomorethanprovidingmoney. D)Theyarerichenoughtoinvestinnerds. PassageTwo Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage. It􀆳snicetohavepeopleoflikemindaround.Agreeablepeopleboostyourconfidenceand allowyoutorelaxandfeelcomfortable.Unfortunately,thatcomfortcanhinderthevery learningthatcanexpandyourcompanyandyourcareer. It􀆳snicetohavepeopleagree,butyouneedconflictingperspectivestodigoutthetruth.If bias 偏颇 everyonearoundyouhassimilarviews,yourworkwillsufferfromconfirmation ( ). Takealookatyourownnetwork.Doyourcontactsshareyourpointofviewonmost subjects?Ifyes,it􀆳stimetoshakethingsup.Asaleader,itcanbechallengingtocreatean environmentinwhichpeoplewillfreelydisagreeandargue,butasthesayinggoes:From confrontationcomesbrilliance. It􀆳snoteasyformostpeopletoactivelyseekconflict.Manyspendtheirlivestryingto avoidarguments.There􀆳snoneedtogooutandfindpeopleyouhate,butyouneedtodosome self-assessmenttodeterminewhereyouhavebecomestaleinyourthinking.Youmayneedto startbyencouragingyourcurrentnetworktohelpyouidentifyyourblindspots. Passionate,energeticdebatedoesnotrequireangerandhardfeelingstobeeffective.Butit doesrequire moralstrength.Onceyouhaveworthyopponents,setsomegroundrulesso everyoneunderstandsresponsibilitiesandboundaries.Theobjectiveofthisdebatinggameisnot towinbuttogettothetruththatwillallowyoutomovefaster,farther,andbetter. Fiercedebatingcanhurtfeelings,particularly whenstrongpersonalitiesareinvolved. Makesureyoucheckinwithyouropponentssothattheyarenotcarryingtheemotionofthe battlesbeyondthebattlefield.Breakthetensionwithsmilesandhumortoreinforcetheidea thatthisisfriendlydiscourseandthatallareworkingtowardacommongoal. 四级试题(第 套) 2015-12 3 ·9·Rewardallthoseinvolvedinthedebatesufficientlywhenthegoalsarereached.Letyour sparringpartners 拳击陪练 ( )knowhowmuchyouappreciatetheircontribution.Themorethey feelappreciated,themorethey􀆳llbewillingtogetintotheringnexttime. 注意 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答 : 。 61.Whathappenswhenyouhavelike-mindedpeoplearoundyouallthewhile? A)Itwillhelpyourcompanyexpandmorerapidly. B)Itwillcreateaharmoniousworkingatmosphere. C)Itmaypreventyourbusinessandcareerfromadvancing. D)Itmaymakeyoufeeluncertainaboutyourowndecisions. 62.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestleadersdo? A)Avoidargumentswithbusinesspartners. B)Encouragepeopletodisagreeandargue. C)Buildawideandstrongbusinessnetwork. D)Seekadvicefromtheirworthycompetitors. 63.Whatisthepurposeofholdingadebate? A)Tofindoutthetruthaboutanissue. B)Tobuilduppeople􀆳smoralstrength. C)Toremovemisunderstandings. D)Tolookforworthyopponents. 64.Whatadvicedoestheauthorgivetopeopleengagedinafiercedebate? A)Theylistencarefullytotheiropponents􀆳views. B)Theyshowduerespectforeachother􀆳sbeliefs. C)Theypresenttheirviewsclearlyandexplicitly. D)Theytakecarenottohurteachother􀆳sfeelings. 65.Howshouldwetreatourrivalsafterasuccessfuldebate? A)Trytomakepeacewiththem. C)Invitethemtotheringnexttime. B)Trytomakeupthedifferences. D)Acknowledgetheircontribution. PartⅣ Translation 30minutes ( ) Directions Forthispart youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseinto : , English.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2. 今年在长沙举行了一年一度的外国人汉语演讲比赛 这项比赛证明是促进中国和世界其他 。 地区文化交流的好方法 它为世界各地的年轻人提供了更好地了解中国的机会 。 。 来自 个国家共计 位选手聚集在湖南省省会参加了从 月 日到 月 日进行的半 87 126 7 6 8 5 决赛和决赛 。 比赛并不是唯一的活动 选手们还有机会参观了中国其他地区的著名景点和历史名胜 , 。 注意 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答 : 。 四级试题(第 套) ·10· 2015-12 32015年12月大学英语四级考试答案与解析(第3套) PartI Writing 【范文】 Thereisanoldsaying“Nevergoouttheretoseewhathappens,goouttheretomakethings happen”.It􀆳stheexperienceofourforefathers,however,itiscorrectinmanycaseseventoday. Onlywhenyouparticipatemorecanyoumakethingsperfect.Participationhasbeenmore andmoreimportantinthesociety.Studentsareaskedtoentersocietyandgetsomeideasofit. Surelyparticipationhasmanyadvantages.Firstly,itcanofferstudentsachancetocontact societyandmeetdifferentkindsofpeople.Inthiswaypeoplecangainsomevaluablesocial experience,whichwillbeusefultotheirfuturelife.Secondly,ascollegestudents,wecan applywhattheyhavelearnedinclasstopracticalwork,thusknowingthemselvesmoreclearly. TakethestudyoforalEnglishforexample,participationinanychancesofcommunications withothersinEnglish,whichenablesustobecomefluentinspeaking. Insummary,participationisthekeyfactorinourdailylifenomatterwhoyouare,no matterwhatyouaredoing.Weshouldputtheirstudiesinthefirstplaceandseeparticipation justasausefulsupplement,sotheyoughttotrytostrikeabalancebetweenthem. PartII ListeningComprehension 1~5 :DACCA 6~10 :BDBDC 11~15:CDADC 16~20:DBCDB 21~25:ACABD SectionA NewsItemOne [1]TheNew YearcelebrationinThailandwasshatteredbyviolencewhenninebombs explodedacrossBangkokaroundmidnight.ThreeThaicitizenswerekilledandmorethanthirty injured.NoterroristgroupclaimedresponsibilityforthebombingsbyTuesday.Somebelieve theexplosionsweretheworkofMuslimseparatists.Bombingsandshootingsoccuralmostdaily inThailand􀆳sthreeSouthern-mostprovinces.Yala,NarathiwatandPattanihaveadominant Muslimpopulationandhavelongcomplainedofneglectanddiscriminationinthelargely Buddhistnation.[2]TheyhaveaskedforindependenceandaseparateIslamicState.Since2004, theinsurgentshavecarriedoutnumerousattacksinthesouthandmorethan1,900peoplehave beenkilled.TheThaigovernmenthasbeenunabletocurbtheviolencethoughthousandsof troopshavebeensenttothesouth. Questions1and2willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem. 1.WhathappenedduringtheNewYearcelebrationinThailand? 2.WhathasledtotheviolentsituationinthesouthofThailand? 四级试题(第 套) 2015-12 3 ·11·NewsItemTwo ThestrongemphasisoneducationalachievementinSouthEast-Asiamaybecomingata heavyprice.[4]Researcherssaythathardworkatschoolplusthelackofexposuretooutdoor lightisdamagingtheeyesofalmostnineoutoftenstudents—withoneinfiveatseriousriskof visualimpairmentandblindness. Thescientistssaythatyoungpeopleneeduptothreehoursadayofoutdoorlight,but manyinfantsarealsomissingoutastheynapduringlunchtime. Thescientistssaythatgeneticfactors,longthoughtto play a bigrolein short- sightedness,arenotasimportantastheenvironment.TheypointtoSingaporeasaplacewith severaldistinctethnicgroups,allofwhomarenowsufferinghighlevelsofshortsightedness. [3]Theauthorssuggestthatrequisitetimeoutdoorsshouldbeconsideredbyeducational authoritiesacrossSouth-EastAsiaasawayofdealingwiththeproblem. Questions3and4willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem. 3.Whatisthemainideaofthenewsitem? 4.WhataccountsforthepooreyesightformanySouthEast-Asianstudents? NewsItemThree [5]Google􀆳sdriverlesscarprojectwasofficiallylaunchedin2010.Sincethenitsaysitstest vehicleshavecompletedmorethanamillionkilometersonpublicroads,fromrelativelysimple drivingontheCalifornianfreewaytomorecomplicatedmaneuveringinurbanareas. Googlehasusedafleetofordinarycarswhichhavebeenconvertedtocarryself-driving technology.Butnowitwantstotaketheprocessastagefurtherbyproducingapurpose-built machine.It􀆳splanningtocreateafleetofaboutahundredfullyautonomouselectricvehicles capableofcarryingtwopeopleatupto40kphwithoutanyinputfromahumandriver.[6]The ultimateaimistogetridofthecontrolsaltogether,althoughearlyversionswillstillneedto haveasteeringwheelandpedals. Googlebelievesitwillbeabletolaunchapilotschemeusingthenewcarswithinthenext twoyears.ButtheInternetgiantisfarfrombeingtheonlycompanyworkingonself-driving technology.[7]Anumberofmajormanufacturershavetheirowntestprograms,amongthem Ford,Toyota,VolkswagenandBMW. Questions5to7willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem. 5.Whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout? 6.Whatistheultimateaimofthedriverlesscarproject? 7.Howmanymanufacturersthatdevelopdriverlesscarshavebeenmentioned? SectionB ConversationOne W:MayIhelpyou? M:Yes.[8]Iwouldliketoapplyforoneofthesecurityguardpositionsyouadvertisedinthe localpaper. 四级试题(第 套) ·12· 2015-12 3W:Good.MayIaskyouafewquestionsfirst? M:Certainly. W:Haveyoueverworkedasasecurityguardbefore? M:Yes,atshoppers􀆳plazainSanFranciscoandattheRegencyHotelhereintown. W:Howmanyyearsofexperiencehaveyouhadasasecurityguard? M:Alittleoverfouryears. W:Haveyouhadexperiencemonitoringalarmsystems? M:Yes.I􀆳vemonitoredseveraltypesofalarmsystemsinmypreviousjobs. W:Verygood.Youseemtomeetourminimumqualifications.Doyouhaveanyquestions? M:Yes.[9]Whatarethewagesandthehours? W:Thewagesstartateightdollarsandseventy-fivecentsperhour.Wehavethreeshiftsavailable: morning,evening,andlatenight. M:Good.[10]Iwashopingtogetaneveningjob,sinceIgotoschoolinthemornings. W:Well,youcanwriteonyourapplicationthatyouprefertheeveningshift. M:WhatdoIneedtodonow? W:[11]Completethisapplicationformandbringitbacktome.ThenI􀆳llscheduleyouforanother interview. M:Thankyou.I􀆳llfillthisoutnow. Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 8.Whatisthewomandoing? 9.Whatdoesthemanwanttoknow? 10.Whydoesthemanwanttoworkatnight? 11.Whatisthemanaskedtodoattheendoftheconversation? ConversationTwo W:I􀆳msoworriedaboutMarkthesedays.[12]Eversincehemovedintohisownapartment, he􀆳sbeenlosingweight.Hereallydoesn􀆳tlookwellatall. M:Heshouldtrytogainsomeweight.Heisprobablynoteatingenough. W:Well,anyway,howisTimthesedays? M:[13]Tim? Oh,Timhasmeworried,too.He􀆳sreallygettingmuchtoofat.Heneedstolose about75poundsnow. W:That􀆳salotofweighttolose.WhatdoesTimeat? M:Ireallydon􀆳tknow.ButIamsureheiseatingtoomuchcakeandcandy. W:Well,didItellyouMarkdoesn􀆳teatanymeatnow? Heonlyeatsvegetablesandfruit. M:That􀆳sprobablywhyheissothin.Doeshesmoke? W:Doeshesmoke? Abouttwopacksofcigarettesaday.That􀆳smyson,asmokingvegetarian. M:En,ifhestopssmoking,hewouldgainweight.Iknowhewould.Timputonalotof weightwhenhestoppedsmoking. W:DoesTimplayanysports? 四级试题(第 套) 2015-12 3 ·13·M:Playsports? Oh,my! [14]Ikeeptellinghim,“Tim,dear,youreallyneedtogetsome exercise.”Andyouknowwhathedoes? Hejustgetsangry. W:[14]Iknow Markdoesn􀆳texercise,either. M:Didyoutellhim? W:Ofcourse,butyouknowwhatitislikebeingamotherofa30-year-oldboy.Theyjustdon􀆳t thinktheyneedyouradviceanymore.[15]IwishMarkwouldfindanicegirlfriendtorelax andhavefunwith.IheardTimhasagirlfriendatlast.That􀆳swonderful. Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 12.WhendidMarkstartlosingweightaccordingtothewoman? 13.WhyisthemanworriedaboutTim? 14.WhatdidMarkandTimhaveincommon? 15.Whatisthewoman􀆳swishforMark? SectionC PassageOne Goodafternoon.ThisisDianeMartinetwiththemiddaynewsonKALF. [16]FiresinCaliforniacontinuetoburnoutofcontrol,andseveralsmalltownsinthe forestsnearSanFranciscoarestillindanger.Oneofthegreatestdangerstothe500firefighters, however,comesnotfromthefires,butfrompoisonplantsintheforest.[17]Manyfirefighters havegotskinproblemsaftertouchingtheplants,andatleastthreehavehadtogotothe hospitalfortreatmentfortheirskinproblems. NASA,theNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAgency,todayannouncedinFloridathatthe nextspaceshuttlemissionhasbeencanceled.Themissionwasscheduledforan11:30a.m. takeoffonTuesday.[18]However,theflighthasbeencanceledbecauseofproblemswiththe spaceship􀆳scentralcomputersystem.NASAtechniciansnoticedthecomputerproblemsduring last-minutechecks. [19]SeventeenagercomputerspecialistshavebeenarrestedbypoliceinNewJersey.After takinganadvancedcomputercourseatschool,thesevenboys,allfrom Princeton,New Jersey,[19]illegallyobtaintop-secretinformationfromgovernmentcomputersinWashington. Theyalsostartedtousetheirhomecomputerstoaccesstelephonenetworks. InNewYork,thevalueofthedollarsstayedthesametoday.ButinTokyo,thedollarfell dramatically.Attheendoftheday,itwasworth83yen,comparedto88yenyesterday. Andnow,hereisJoeSantoswiththesportsnews. Questions16to19arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 16.WhatdoesthemiddaynewsonKALFsayaboutfiresinCalifornia? 17.Whatdowelearnaboutmanyofthefirefighters? 18.Whatdowelearnfromthenewsaboutthespaceshuttlemission? 19.WhatdowelearnaboutthesevenboysinNewJersey? 四级试题(第 套) ·14· 2015-12 3PassageTwo [20]Whenyouliveinanapartmentbuildingwhereonlyawallseparatesyoufromyour neighbors,everyoneneedstobeconsiderateofeachother.That􀆳snotwhathappenedinmy apartmentbuilding. Someonewasalwaysleavingherclothesinthewasheranddryerinthelaundryroom.Igot tiredofrunningupanddowntheupstairstoseeiftheclotheshadbeenremoved,soIcould startmyown wash.Obviously,someoneelsegottiredofit,too,[21]becauseoneday, someonetooktheclothesfromthewasheranddryer,anddumpedtheminacorner.Thisact startedabattleofletterspostedonthewallofthelaundryroom.Thefirstletterwasfrom MindyLancewhowasreallyangrythatherclotheshadbeenremovedfromthewasherand dryer,anddumped.Shethenthreatenedtodumpeverybodyelse􀆳sclothessheherselffoundin thewasheranddryer.MindyLance􀆳sletterenragedotherresidentsandtheypostedlettersto her.Eventually,Mindybeganbehavingproperly,buthardfeelingsremained. Theproblemcouldhavebeenresolvedbetter.[22]Ifresidentshadinformedthebuilding manager,shethencouldhaveinformedallresidentsthatclothesshouldberemovedfromthe washersordryerswithin15minutesaftertheirwashisdone.Thosewhorefusetoobeymight nothavetheirleasesrenewed.Thatwouldbeafaircommon-sensesolution.Neighborproblems maysometimesseeminevitable,butit􀆳simportanttoresolvethemfairly. Questions20to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 20.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkresidentsinanapartmentbuildingneedtobe? 21.Whatstartedabattleoflettersinthelaundryroom? 22.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkmightbeabetterwaytoresolvetheproblem? PassageThree Beloved Intoday􀆳sclass,we􀆳lldiscussToniMorrison􀆳snovel .[23]AsI􀆳msureyouall know,Morrisonisbothapopularandahighlyrespectedauthorandit􀆳snoteasytobeboth. Bornin1931,Morrisonhaswrittensomeofthemosttouchingandintelligentworksonthe African-Americanexperienceeverwrittenbyanyone.AndyettocallheranAfrican-American writerdoesn􀆳tseemtodoherjustice.Inmanyways,she􀆳ssimplyanAmericanwriterand certainlyoneofourbest. Beloved isatrulyremarkablework.Itwasrecommendedfornearlyeverymajorliterary prize,includingtheNationalBookAwardandtheNationalBookCriticsCircleAward,anditin factwonthePulitzerPrizeforfictionin1988.[24]Morrisonherselfisdistinguishedforhaving wontheNobelPrizeforliteraturein1993. Beloved Whatmakes uniqueistheskillfulsurewayinwhich Morrisonblendsintensely personalstorytellingandAmericanhistory,racialthemesandgenderthemes,theexperienceof blackswiththeexperienceofallpeopleeverywhere,thedown-to-earthrealityofslaverywith thesenseofmysteriousspirituality.We􀆳llbepayingspecialattentiontothesethemesaswe discussthiswork.I􀆳mparticularlyinterestedinyourviewsontherelativeimportanceofrace 四级试题(第 套) 2015-12 3 ·15·andgenderinthisbook.[25]IsitmoreimportantthatSethe,themaincharacter,isblack,orthat sheisawoman? Whichcontributesmoretoherbeing? WhatdoesMorrisontellusaboutboth? Questions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 23.WhatdowelearnaboutToniMorrison? 24.WhathonordidToniMorrisonreceivein1993? Beloved 25.WhatdoesthespeakertellusaboutSethe,themaincharacterinMorrison􀆳snovel ? PartIII ReadingComprehension 36~40:GMBOI 41~45:DFJHN 46~50:DBFOG 51~55:EJMCH 56~60:ABADC 61~65:CBADD SectionA 孩子们不会按照成人的方式思考问题。在不到一岁的时候,大多数婴儿能做到眼不见,心不 烦。如果你用一块布把婴儿[ ]最喜欢的玩具盖住,他会认为玩具已经消失了并不去找它。一 36 个 岁的孩子提出[ ]抗议说妹妹有更多的果汁,但只有盛果汁的玻璃瓶形状不同,果汁的[ ] 4 37 38 量并没有改变。 然而孩子们以自己的方式表现聪明。他们就像优秀的小科学家,总是以孩子的角度测试关 于事物如何运转的[ ]理论。当你的孩子趁你喂她吃东西时,把勺子第六次扔到地上,你对她 39 说,“够了! 我不会再帮你捡勺子了!”孩子就会[ ]立刻验证你所说的话。你是认真的吗? 你生 40 气了吗? 如果她再次扔勺子会发生什么呢? 她这样做不是为了让你[ ]抓狂,相反,这是她正在 41 感受她渴望的东西与你想要的是不同的,有时这些[ ]不同很重要,有时没用。 42 孩子的思考是怎样的又为什么会改变呢? 在 世纪 年代,瑞士心理学家让·皮亚杰提 20 20 出,儿童的认知能力能够[ ]自然地体现出来,就像花朵的盛开,几乎不依赖于他们生活中[ ] 43 44 发生的任何其他的事情。虽然多年以来他的许多具体结论[ ]被否定或修改,但他的想法激发 45 了世界上成千上万的研究人员的灵感。 空格前后均为名词 由此得知空格应填入形容词 修饰 备选单词中是形容词的有 36.G) , , toy, :D) 依次代入 根据意思 如果你用一块布把小朋友 的玩具盖 crazy,E)definite,G)favorite, , : …… 住 可知答案为 最喜欢的 , favorite( )。 空格前是情态动词 因此空格处需填入动词原形 备选项有 37.M) may, , A)advocate,M)protest, 依次代入可知 如填 支持 明显违背句意 因此选 抗议 , A) , , protest( )。 空格前是定冠词 后面是介词短语 因此空格处应填入名词 该句探讨主题 得到 38.B) , “ofjuice”, , “ 的果汁多还是少 故选 表示果汁的 量 ”, amount( “ ”)。 空格前是形容词 因此该空应填入名词 备选项有 根据空格后 39.O) , , F)differences,O)theories, 的 可得知 应填入 构成 “abouthowthingswork” , theories, “theoriesabouthowthingswork” 的结构 意为 关于事物如何运转的理论 故选 理论 , “ ”, theories( )。 由于空格所在句子结构完整 且出现在动词 前 因此应填入副词 备选项有 40.I) , “test” , , I) 根据意思 小孩立刻就会开始验证你说过的话 故选 immediately,J)naturally,L)primarily, : , 立刻 immediately( )。 四级试题(第 套) ·16· 2015-12 3根据前文的含义 结合空格所在句的搭配 可知此空应填入形容词 构成 41.D) , , “crazy”, drivesb. 的固定用法 crazy 。 根据前文的关键词 可知 此空应填入其名词 不同 42.F) “differ” , differences( )。 由于空格所在句子结构完整 空格出现在动词 之后 因此应填入副词 备选项有 43.J) , unfold , , J) 根据意思 儿童的认知能力能够自然地体现出来 故选 自 naturally,L)primarily, : , naturally( 然地 )。 根据句子结构判断 空格前为 可知空格处应填入动词 而空格前的 44.H) , “whatelseis”, , 译为 不依赖于 根据意思 小孩的认知意识不依赖于他们生活中发生 independentof “ ……”, : 的任何其他的事情 故选 发生的 , happening( )。 根据句子结构 可知 该空格处应填入动词并与 类似 备选项有 45.N) “…ormodified” , “modified” , 和 根据 被改变的 以及句首的 可知 C)confirmed N)rejected, modified“ ” “Although” ,rejected 更符合句意 译为 被否定的 , “ ”。 SectionB 如何吃好 )为什么会有如此多的美国人吃大量的加工食品? 准确的说这种东西应称之为垃圾并且应该 A 给它们贴上警告标示。 )这不是因为新鲜的食材很难买到。同以往相比,超市能提供更多的品种。目前美国农贸市场 B 的数量就超过了 年前的四倍多。也不是由于缺乏可用的信息。[ ]任何一台电脑,手机 20 47 或电视都有许多食谱、烹饪的视频和课程供我们利用。如果说有什么区别的话,这类信息比 比皆是。 )然而就算我们不做饭。如果你像大多数美国人一样一天吃三顿饭,那么你日常所获得的卡路 C 里至少三分之一来自于在外就餐。[ ]将近三分之二的美国人一周吃一次快餐,每天从零 54 食中获得的卡路里相当于一天总量的 。所以我们不是出去吃,就是叫外卖,我们从不坐 25% 下来好好吃饭———就算坐下来,也吃的很匆忙。 )[ ]难道准备食物并享用它,食物不应该作为一种舒服、自豪、健康、幸福、消遣、社交的来源 D 46 吗? 不是将我们同其他人联系起来的事情吗? 为什么我们要外包这种基本工作,特别是当外 包对我们如此有害的时候呢? )当我谈到烹饪时,我并不是在谈论制作精致的晚宴或为期三天的科学项目。我说的是简单、 E 容易制做的一日三餐。[ ]我的任务是鼓励菜鸟和那些缺乏时间或金钱的人来养活自己。 51 这意味着我们的期望应该适度并符合实际,我们需要教人们做饭并可以与家人和朋友分享就 足够好了。 )也许回归到真正的烹饪并不是望尘莫及。最近的哈里斯民意调查显示, 的美国人说他们 F 79% 喜欢烹饪, 的人“爱它”; 的人承认不喜欢厨房工作,只有 的人不会去靠近炉灶。 30% 14% 7% 但这并不一定可以称之为真正的烹饪。这个调查的结果不足为奇:[ ]在 岁以上或年龄 48 65 更大的人中,有 的人每周在家做饭至少 次,只有三分之一的年轻人这样做。 52% 5 )[ ]回顾 世纪 年代,我们大多数人成长的家庭中,母亲几乎每天晚上都会煮饭。把家 G 50 20 50 常饭菜摆在桌子上是十分普遍的。要不然大多数人是负担不起外出就餐的花销的。 )[ ]虽然冷冻食品发明于 年代。但他们在十几年之后,电视流行的时代才开始备受欢迎,自 H 55 40 四级试题(第 套) 2015-12 3 ·17·那以后,包装食品和预先加工才开始出现在餐桌上。微波炉和快餐连锁店是最大的催化剂,但 是大型的食品公司———他们想卖除了原材料之外的任何东西———使家庭烹饪变得几近灭绝。 )不过,我觉得很奇怪的地方是,报告显示只有三分之一的年轻人经常在家做饭。不正是他们 I 抱怨加工食品是垃圾并极力维护烹饪手艺吗? 不正是他们说关心自己的健康和地球的幸福 吗? 如果这些是很多年轻人真正的价值观,他们的行为与他们的理念并不匹配。 )有一些虚情假意的食品公司试图降低加工食品中的卡路里,并大力宣传这一做法,但标准式的美国 J 饮食仍然与大多数专家所说的我们应该吃健康的、植物源饮食截然相反。考虑到政府的标准不够 严格,[ ]现状是明确的:我们不在家做饭,就吃不到没问题的食物,想夸大后果很难。 52 )为帮助量化不合理的饮食造成的损失。最近,我试图用最受欢迎的食物———汉堡,来估计 K 这种影响。我得出的结论是,从汉堡获得的利润足以抵消由他们在健康问题和环境上造 成的破坏。 )烹饪真正的食物是最好的防御方式———更不必说你在家吃的任何一餐都可能比你在餐厅用 L 餐少于大约 卡路里的热量。 200 )[ ]对那些美国人来说,钱是一个问题,我的建议很简单:买你能买得起的,并且自己做饭。 M 53 首选的一种常用办法是去杂货店购物,因为那里有新鲜的农产品、肉类、海鲜和奶制品。为 了省钱,还能吃的好,你并不需要当地的有机食材,你需要的只是真正的食物。我并不是说 当地的食物不好,它们确实更好。但在食品杂货店里也有很多不错的食材。 )你还需要了解冷冻食品和罐头。冷冻食品仍然是农产品;罐装番茄仍然是番茄。只是要确保 N 你得到的是没有加大量盐或糖的真正食物。问问你自己,你的外婆会考虑这种食物吗? 它看 起来像在自然界存在的样子吗? 基本常识是:你想买的是食物,而不是无法辨认出是否像食 物的物体。 )你不需要每天都去杂货店,也无需大量的技巧。只有不到一半的美国人说他们的烹饪技术处 O 在一个中级水平,只有 的人称他们的烹饪技术是高级的,这是一种信心危机。唯一的补 20% 救方法是实践。制作晚餐没什么难的。你只需要预先做一些思考,重新定义哪些材料更合适 做晚餐。[ ]同任何一种技能一样,你练习的次数越多烹饪就会变得越容易;每次做饭,都 49 在提高你的烹饪水平。总有一天你甚至不再需要食谱。我的建议是你不需要注意步骤和配 料,因为他们都具有迷惑性。 )我意识到,做饭时间对于大多数人来说是最大的障碍。你必须调整你的先后顺序来找时间做 P 饭。例如,你可以把电视搬到厨房,你可以一边站在水槽前忙碌,一边看你喜欢的节目,没有 人要求你放弃你喜欢的活动,但如果你在看烹饪节目,就尝试着一起做吧。 根据题干线索词 定位至 段第一 二句 根据题目意思 烹饪的好处 46.D) Cooking,connect D) 、 。 : 有很多 将他们彼此联系 是对 段的概括 , 。 D) 。 根据题干线索词 定位至 段倒数第二句 47.B) informationaboutcooking,onlineoronTV B) 。 根据题目意思 丰富的烹饪信息可以在线或从电视上获得 与该句同义 : 。 。 根据题干线索词 定位至 段末句 根据题目意思 如今 年轻人 48.F) Youngpeople,elderly F) 。 : , 比老年人在家做饭的时间少 可知答案为 。 F)。 根据题干线索词 定位至 段倒数第三句 根据题目意思 烹饪 49.O) Cookingskills,practice O) 。 : 技巧可以通过练习来提高 可知与该句意思相同 。 。 四级试题(第 套) ·18· 2015-12 3根据题干线索词 定位至 段首句 根据题目意思 在 世纪中 50.G) Inthemid-20thcentury G) 。 : 20 期 大多数家庭在家里吃晚餐而不外出就餐 可知与该句意思相同 , 。 。 根据题干线索词 定位至 段第三句 根据题目意思 即使是那 51.E) shortoftimeormoney E) 。 : 些缺乏时间和金钱的人也应该被鼓励为他们自己和家人做饭 可知与该句意思相同 。 。 根据题干线索词 定位至 段末句 根据题目意思 每天吃不是自己煮的食 52.J) consequences J) 。 : 物可能导致严重的后果 可知与该句意思相同 。 。 根据题干线索词 定位至 段首句 根据题目意思 想要吃好还省 53.M) eatwell,savemoney M) 。 : 钱 人们应该购买新鲜食物并且自己烹饪 可知题干是对 段的总结 , 。 M) 。 根据题干线索词 定位至 段倒数第二句 根据题目意思 54.C) calories,fastfoodandsnacks C) 。 : 有相当大的一部分卡路里来自快餐和零食 可知与该段意思相同 。 。 根据题干线索词 定位至 段前两句 根据题目意思 电 55.H) popularityofTV,frozenfood H) 。 : 视的普及促使冷冻食品的流行 可知与该段意思相同 。 。 SectionC PassageOne 你能在其他地方再造硅谷吗? 或者关于它有什么独特之处吗? [ ]如果它在其他国家很难被复制,这并不令人惊讶,因为在美国的大多数地方你都不能复 56 制它。要创造硅谷需要些什么呢? 答案是:合适的人。如果你能找到一万人将他们从硅谷搬到布法罗,布法罗将成为硅谷。 创建一个技术中心你只需要两种人:富人和痴迷科研的人。 观察报告证明了这一点。在美国,若城镇中有且只有富人和痴迷科研的人时,城镇已成为启 动枢纽。[ ]例如,在迈阿密很少有创业园区,因为尽管那里满是富人,但痴迷科研的人却很少。 57 因为他们不喜欢这样的地方。 然而匹兹堡有相反的问题:有大量痴迷科研的人,但没有富人。美国顶级的计算机科学系据 说是在麻省理工学院、斯坦福大学、加州大学伯克利分校和卡内基 梅隆大学。麻省理工学院创 - 造了 号公路。斯坦福大学和伯克利分校创造了硅谷。[ ]但卡内基 梅隆大学在匹兹堡创 128 58 - 造了什么呢? 同样名列前茅的康奈尔大学的所在地伊萨卡岛又发生了什么呢? 我在匹兹堡长大,在康奈尔大学上大学,所以我可以回答这个问题。[ ]那里天气恶劣,尤 59 其是在冬天,也没有像波士顿一样有有趣的老城区可以弥补天气的不足。[ ]富人不想住在匹 58 兹堡或伊萨卡。因此,尽管此处有很多能创业的电脑迷,但没有人愿意投资。 你真的需要富人吗? 让政府投资给痴迷科研的人不行吗? 不,政府不能。[ ]创业园区的 60 投资者是一种不同类型的富人。他们往往在技术业务方面有很多经验。这可以帮助他们选择正 确的创业公司,这意味着他们不仅能够提供资金帮助,还能提供很多建议和人脉。事实上,他们 承担着投资结果的个人风险,这令他们的投资格外小心。 根据题干关键词 定位于第二段首句 该句指出 如果它在其他国家很难 56.A) SiliconValley 。 , 被复制 这并不令人惊讶 因为在美国的大多数地方你都不能复制它 可知该句与 项 , , 。 A) 为同义替换关系 故选 项 其他三项均为无中 “Itssuccessishardtocopyanywhereelse.” , A) , 生有 。 四级试题(第 套) 2015-12 3 ·19·根据题干关键词 定位于第五段第三句 该句指出 例如 在迈阿密很少有创业园 57.B) Miami 。 , , 区 因为尽管那里满是富人 但痴迷科研的人却很少 故选 项 缺少合适的人才 , , 。 B) : 。 根据题干关键词 和 定位于第六段 第六段倒 58.A) Carnegie-Mellon Stanford,Berkeley,MIT 。 数第二句说 但卡内基 梅隆大学在匹兹堡创造了什么呢 第七段解释原因 根据第七段中详 : - ? , 细描述了卡内基 梅隆大学所在的匹兹堡的不同之处 表明 没人投资 故选 项 它的地理 - , : 。 A) : 位置对富人没有吸引力 。 根据题干关键词 定位于第七段第二句 该句意思是匹兹堡不仅天气恶劣 而且也 59.D) Boston 。 , 没有有趣的老城区可以弥补天气的不足 但是波士顿却与之相反 故选 项 波士顿有着很 , , D) : 多历史古迹 而 项 那里不可能吸引很多投资者和痴迷于科技的人 在文章中没有提到 。 C) : , , 因此排除 。 根据题干关键词 定位于最后一段第四句至第六句 这段话表明 60.C) startupinvestors 。 : 不仅能够提供资金帮助 还能提供很多建议 故选 项 他们不仅能提供资 startupinvestors , , C) : 金 还能做更多 , 。 PassageTwo [ ]与志同道合的人交流是一件乐事。有亲和力的人能增强你的自信,让你放松,感觉很舒 61 适。不幸的是,这种舒适会阻碍你学习扩大公司和发展事业。 有人认同你是好事,但你需要用矛盾的视角去挖掘真相。如果你周围的人有相似的看法。 那么你的工作将遭到确认性偏离的影响。 审视你自己的人际关系网。在大多数事情上,你熟悉的人与你的观点一致吗? 如果是,那么 是时候该改变这些事了。[ ]作为领导者,想要建立一个自由言论的环境是充满挑战的,但是俗 62 话说灵感从争论中迸发。 对大多数人来说,积极寻求争执不是一件容易的事。许多人一生都试图避免争论。你没必 要出去找你讨厌的人,但你需要做一些自我评估来确定你的思想中哪些东西已经陈旧。你可能 需要通过鼓励你当前的人际关系网帮助你识别自己的盲点,开始做出改变。 充满激情及活力的辩论不需要愤怒和怨恨来制造效果。但它需要精神力量。一旦你遇到有 价值的对手,制定一些基本规则,使大家明白责任和底线。[ ]这个辩论游戏的目标不是赢,而 63 是得到真相,它将使你更快,更远,更好的进步。 激烈的争论会伤害感情,尤其是涉及强烈的个性特征时。确保已经和你的对手说清楚了,避 免他们在争论话题之外还保持着争论时的情绪。[ ]用微笑和幽默打破紧张表明这是一个友好 64 的交流,大家都是向同一个目标前进的。 [ ]当目标达成的时候奖励那些积极参与辩论的人。让你的拳击陪练伙伴知道你很感激他 65 们的付出。他们感受到的感恩之情越多,就越愿意参加下次的拳击练习。 根据题干关键词 定位至首段 首段第一句提到 与志同道合的人交流 61.C) like-mindedpeople 。 : 是一件乐事 结尾处说 不幸的是 这种舒适会阻碍你学习扩大公司和发展事业 故选 。 : , 。 C) 项 它可能会阻止你的生意和事业推进 : 。 根据题干关键词 定位至第三段末句 作者给领导者的建议是 虽然想要建立一个 62.B) leaders 。 : 自由言论的环境不容易 但是俗话说灵感从争论中迸发 故选 项 鼓励人们有分歧并争论 , , B) : 。 四级试题(第 套) ·20· 2015-12 3根据题干关键词 定位至倒数第三段末句 该句意思为 这个辩论游戏的 63.A) holdingadebate 。 : 目标不是赢 而是得到真相 其中 与原文的 对应 故选 项 发现一个问 , 。 purpose objective , A) : 题的真相 。 根据题干关键词 定位至倒数第二段末句 用微笑和幽默打破紧张表明这是 64.D) fiercedebate 。 一个友好的交流 大家都是向同一个目标前进的 故选 项 注意不要伤害彼此的感情 该 , 。 D) : 。 题强干扰项为 项 实际上 项错在 上 原文并没有提到尊重他人的信念 B) , B) “other􀆳sbeliefs” , 和观点 属于无中生有 因此排除 , , 。 根据题干关键词 定位至最后一段前两句 让你的拳击陪练伙伴知道你很感激他们 65.D) rival 。 的付出 故选 项 肯定他们的付出 , D) : 。 PartIV Translation 【参考译文】 TheannualChinesespeechcontestforforeignerswasheldinChangshathisyear.This contesthasbeenprovedtobeagoodwaytopromoteculturalcommunicationbetweenChina andtherestoftheworld.ItprovidedabetterchancetounderstandChinaforyoungpeople aroundtheworld. Atotalof126contestantsfrom87countriesgatheredinthecapitalofHunanProvinceand participatedinthesemi-finalandfinalfromJuly6thtoAugust5th. Thecompetitionwasnottheonlyactivity.Contestantsalsohadtheopportunitytovisit well-knownscenicspotsandhistoricalsitesinotherpartsofChina. 四级试题(第 套) 2015-12 3 ·21·