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九年级初中英语知识归纳总结（第七部分）：句子的类型、宾语从句、被动语态
学生姓名： 年 级： 老 师：
上课日期： 时 间： 课 次：
第二十九课时 句子的分类（一）
教学重点
简单句及简单句的五种基本句型
1、SVC结构（主语+系动词+表语）
在这种句型中，动词必须是系动词，在动词之后跟有表语。表语可以是名词（词组），形容词（词
组），副词（词组）等。如：
The teacher is kind. She looks fine.
My son became a doctor at last.
系动词除be外，常见的还有keep, look, feel, smell, sound, taste, grow, get, go, turn
2、SV结构（主语+不及物动词）
(1) 在这个结构中，动词是不及物动词，动词后边没有宾语，如：
My head aches. He is singing.
(2) 有些动词后边必须带有状语，否则意思就不明确。如：
The professor lives in Beijing.
We stayed in China for a few days.
常见的不及物动词有：sleep, walk, swim, happen, take place, go, come, work, laugh, stay.
3、SVO结构（主语+及物动词+宾语）
在这个结构中，谓语动词必须是及物动词，在动词后边跟有宾语。
He can drive a car. They speak English.
有些不及物动词后面加上介词或副词可以把它看成一个及物动词，这时后边可接宾语。
Please listen to me carefully.
4、SVOO结构（主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）(1) 双宾语结构 在这个结构中，动词是带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的及物动词。直接宾
语多指物，间接宾语多指人。常用的带有双宾语的动词有：give, send, tell, bring, lend, buy, teach, get, call,
do, ask, wish, offer等。
He gave the inspector his passport.
My father taught us English.
(2) 宾语的位置
间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前，但是，如果为了强调间接宾语或者由于间接宾语较长，常把间接
宾语放在直接宾语之后，这时要在间接宾语的前面加上适当的介词。如：
The old man bought his daughter a nice scarf.
The old man bought a nice scarf for his daughter.
Give the teacher this book.=Give this book to the teacher.
5、SVOC结构（主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语）
在这种结构中，宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的。
(1) 在某些及物动词后，需要一个宾语再加上一个宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思，这样的宾语和
宾补称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、不定式、分词、副词都可以作宾补。
(2) 常跟复合宾语的动词有：call, name, make, think, find, leave, keep等。如：
His mother finds him a clever boy.
Please keep the room clean.
(3) 在see, watch, look at, listen to, hear, feel, let, make（使）, have（使）等这些词后的宾补，如果是
不定式担当的，则省去“to”，但变为被动语态时“to”要还原。如：
I heard a man knock at the door three times.
A man was heard to knock at the door three times.
第三十课时 句子的分类（二）
教学重点
并列句 there be结构 复合句
1、并列句：由连词连接两个分句组成的句子叫并列句。这些分句平等并列，而且同等重要，能够
独立成句。连接分句的有并列连词和主丛连词。
并列连词有：and, but, or, nor, for, while, either…or…, neither…now, not only… but also…
主从连词有：so, however, still, yet, then并列句中的前后两句可以根据意思划分为四种关系。
(1) 同等关系：and / not only…but also / neither…nor…
He could neither read nor write.
He not only studies hard, but also likes sports.
(2) 转折关系：but / yet / still / while / when
Tom was not there but his brother was ( there )
(3) 选择关系：or / either… or…
Either you didn’t understand this, or you were not careful enough.
(4) 因果关系：for / so
He hurried, for it was getting dark.
He liked the book very much, so I gave it to him.
2、there be结构
英语中“there + be + sb. /sth.+ 地点”结构表示“某处有某人或某物”。There是引导词，本身没有
意思，be是谓语动词，be后面是主语，be必须和主语的数保持一致。如：
There is a garden behind the house.
There are two books on the desk.
如果主语部分是两个以上的并列主语时，be一般和邻近的主语的数保持一致。如：
There is a cup and two books on the desk.
There are five students and a teacher in the classroom.
3、复合句
复合句中包括两个或更多的分句，其中一个分句是主句，其余的分句是从句。从句就是一个分钟在
主句中充当一个成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。从句在句子中作什么成分就叫什么从句。
1、主语从句
用作主语的从句叫作主语从句，主语从句一般都是作谓语动词的主语，偶尔也可以作分词的主语。
(1) 由what, that引导的主语从句
What she likes is watching the children play.
It is right that you told him the truth.
(2) 由连接副词whether, when, how, where, why引导主语从句。
Why the fire broke out at night remains a mystery.Whether we can help you is a difficult question.
When the meeting will be held has not been decided.
2、表语从句
通常由that, what, where, why, how等连接词引导。
(1) if, whether, that引导表语从句。
The question is that we must be good at learning from others.
(2) what, which, who等连接代词
That is what I want to tell you.
The question is which of the classes we choose to be the excellent one.
(3) how, when, where, why等连接副词。
The question is how we can help him.
That is why he has been late.
第三十一课时 宾语从句
知识概述
宾语从句就是一个句子中另一个主句中作宾语，即宾语从句是用句子作宾语。宾语从句的位置与陈
述句结构中的宾语相同，它可作及物动词或介词的宾语。常用的连词有that, if, whether, what, which, who,
whom, when, where, how, why等。
教学重点
1、宾语从句的结构
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句
that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接主句和从句的作用。that不用翻译出来，在口语中常
常省略，这种宾语从句常是陈述句。
The trouble is that we are short of money.
(2) 由连词“if”或“whether”引导。
Whether或if在句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，但不能省略。翻译为“是否”。
Do you know if Mr Smith is at home?
(3) 由连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what或连接副词when, where, how, why等引导。连接代词或连接副词位于从句的前面，起连接主句和从句的作用，从句用陈述句语序。
Do you know who broke the window?
I don’t know when I shall finish.
I wonder if the news is true.
(4) 在某些形容词之后的从句有时也被看作宾语从句。如 afraid, sure, sorry, glad, worried, aware,
confident, angry等。
They were angry that they had lost the chance.
Can you tell me where the library is?
I’m sorry that I’m late.
2、宾语从句的时态一致
(1) 主句是过去时，宾语从句要用过去时态；主句是现在时或将来时，宾语从句则该用什么时态就
用什么时态。
He told me that it would rain tomorrow.
No one knows if he will come at all.
第三十二课时 被动语态（一）
教学重点
被动语态
在英语中，须通过动词的某种形式来表明句子的主语是动作的执行者还是动作的承受者，前一种句
子是主动句，后一种是被动句。
英语的动词有两种语态形式，即主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作是执行者，谓语动词用主动
语态。如果主语是动作的对象，谓语动词用被动语态。如：
They build this school.
They school is built by them.
1、被动语态的构成
“助动词 +（及物动词的）过去分词”构成动词被动语态的形式。助动词 be有人称、数和时态的
变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。如：
This kind of TV set is made in Guangzhou.（一般现在时）
The thief was arrested.（一般过去时）A new road is being built outside my house.（现在进行时）
The man was being questioned by the police.（过去进行时）
Your wallet has been found.（现在完成时）
By the time we got there. The work had been finished.（过去完成时）
My sister would be taken care of by grandma.（过去将来时）
Your watch will be repaired.（一般将来时）
教学难点：
在英语里，有一些动词是不及物动词，后面不能跟宾语，所以没有被动语态。以下动词只有主动语
态，没有被动语态。
appear, die, happen, fall, arrive.
2、五种时态的被动语态举例
① 一般现在时
A lot of books are kept in our school library.
Radio is used in everyday life.
② 一般过去时
A thief was caught last night.
They were asked to speak at the meeting.
③ 现在进行时
A new library is being put up in their school now.
The watch is being repaired.
④ 一般将来时
The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoon.
The thieves will be arrested.
⑤ 现在完成时
My bag has been stolen.
Many stamps have been collected by me since last year.
3、主动语态变被动语态
① 主动结构的宾语变为被动结构的主语。
② 主动结构的谓语动词由主动语态变为被动语态。③ 主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在动作的
执行者无须说明或不必强调时，by短语可以省略。
④ 主动语态、被动语态两种时态要保持一致。如：
We repaired the motor.
The motor was repaired by us.
第三十三课时 被动语态（二）
教学重点
被动语态（二）
几种不同形式的被动语态
（1）含有直接宾语和间接宾语的主动结构，变为被动结构时，可以将其中一个宾语变为主语，另
一个不动，一般是主动结构的间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，这样句子显得自然一些。如：
He showed me his pictures.
I was shown his pictures by him.
I was sent a birthday present (by him).
A birthday present was sent to me (by him).
（2）含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句的方法。
① 将宾语变为主语，宾语补足语保留不动。如：
They call her little Li. She is called little Li.
He left the door open. The door was left open by him.
② make, let, hear, watch, see, feel, have, notice, help等动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式一般不带 to，
可是当变为被动语态时，后面的不定式必须带to。如：
My brother often made me do this and that when I was young.
I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I was young.
③ 含有情态动词的被动语态，是由“情态动词 + be +（及物动词的）过去分词”构成。如：
They can not find him.
He can not be found.
④ 短语动词的被动语态一般说来，只有及物动词才有被动语态，因为只有及物动词才可能有动作的承受者。但有许多由不
及物动词加介词及其他词类构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，因而也可以有被动语态。
但应注意，短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词
如：
They had put out the fire before the fire brigade arrived.
The fire had been put out before the fire brigade arrived.
They will set up a new public school here.
A new public school will be set up here.
You must take good care of these trees.
These trees must be taken good care of.
被动语态的基本用法
① 不知道谁是动作的执行者或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。如：
Paper is made from wood.
The house is quite old, it was built in 1950.
He was wounded in the fight.
② 需要强调动作的承受者时。如：
Calculator can’t be used in the maths exam.
Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn’t be taken away.
He was awarded first prize in that contest.
③ 为使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修辞的需要使用被动语态使句子
得以更好安排。如：
The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month.
Electricity is used to run machines.
