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《专八阅读》是一本帮助考生在短时间内快速提髙答题速度和正确率的新题型专八阅读训练
书，其特色如下：
标准阅读
要提高英语阅读能力，大ft的阅读训练必不可少。本书提供丨80篇标准阅读训练，包括20篇题
源阅读，帮助考生熟悉专八阅读文章，熟记核心词汇;62篇阅读分类特训，让考生熟悉题材，分类强
化同汇；76篇阅读模拟集训+22篇阅读高分冲剌，以标准套题形式设置，帮助考生增强实战感及提
升阅读能力。
本书的选材均来自英美报刊杂志及人物传记和文学作品，这些阅读材料无论在长度、难度、题
材、体裁，还是测试形式方面，均与英语专业八级考试大纲一致，是提升阅读能力行之有效的材料，
真正能让考生做到熟能生巧。
纖 记核心词汇
怎样才能把单词记得牢固？几乎所有的英语老师都会告诉我们，只有在语境中记单词才能记得
牢、记得久。本书根据近年来专业八级阅读真题的来源，从/VflHVww/ Gfograp/i/f《国家地理》、77M£
(时代周刊》,77i<> £cwjwm\s<《经济学人》、77je 《卫报》以及Afevvjwefc《新闻周刊》5 大题源报
刊上椅心挑选出20篇阅读文章。这些文章涵盖了约700个专八阅读中常考的核心词汇，冇效帮助
考生在短时间内迅速掌握阅读中的常见词汇，提高阅读速度1
1. Too Young to Wed
Because the wedding was illegal and a se
cret, and because marriage rites in Rajasthan rite /rait/ H•仪式，典礼
□ NATIONAL 抓 conducted late at night, it was well sacred /*seikrid/a抻圣的;宗教(性)的
GEOGRAPHIC into the afternoon before the three girl brides in
voh /vau/r•誓窗，誓约
一 this dry farm settlement in the north of India
began to prepare themselves for iheir sacred vows. They squatted side squa丨 /skwDt/ k. W.蹲坐
by side on the dirt, a crowd fo village women holding sari cloth makishirt /meikjift/fl.临时的.代
around them as a makeshift curtain, and poured soapy water from a 用的
metal pan over their heads. Two of the brides, were 15 and 13, old soa丨>> /"saupi/iL有肥皂的；似肥皂的
enough to understand what was happening. The third, their niece Rajani,
en route (法〉在途中
was 5.
The grooms were en route from their own village, many miles lavish丨> 挥霣地.情张地
away. No one could afford an elephant or the lavishly saddled horses saddle /*s»dl/ v.给……装鞍
that would have been ceremonially correct for the grooms' entrance to ceremonially /.senmeunjeli/ ad.
the wedding, so they were coming by car and were expected to arrive 仪式上.礼仪上
high-spirited.大题材 分类训练
本书特设62篇阅读分类特训，按照考査频率的高低，将题材分为社会生活、文化教育、政治经
济、科普环境及人物故事5 大类，考生可根据个人的实际情况，针对自己相对薄弱的文章题材进行
有针对性的强化训练，从而消除阅读中的“软肋”，同时能扩大知识面并积累相关语境词汇。
醫 J
应试技巧
本书特别总结出8 大应试技:巧巧，，如如：：通通过过定定位位法解题、同义替换是解、结合上下文语境推测、紧
扣文章主题进行选择等，以帮助考生快速解题。同时，为了应对专八阅读新题型一■简答题，本书总
结了 3 个应试技巧，并结合专八官方样卷进行详细阐释，非常有利于临考应急。
标准套题训练
本书最后两个部分提供26套套题训练，共98篇。其中,20套标准的模拟集训的难度与专八真
题相当，可以让考生强化题感。考生可以根据每篇文章的“建议用时”安排阅读时间，调整阅读速度，
以达到在考场上合理分配考试时间的要求。最后6 套高分冲刺，供考生在掌握基本的阅读技巧后,
进一步提升阅读能力，冲击高分。
编者Part I 2 0 篇题源阅读记单词
National Geographic
《国家地理》
Passage 1 儿童新娘............... 2
Passage 2 牙买加西南部的美好风光•• 4
Passage 3 孟加拉国的危机及应对... 6
Passage 4 早期人类离开非洲的新证据 8
Passage S 奢侈的印度婚礼.............................................................................................................................10
Passage 6 有关星系诞生的新证据................................................................................................................12
Passage 7 冰岛女生数学成缋比男生好.......................................................................................................14
Passage 8 美国零售业巨头抢占英国市场...................................................................................................16
The Economist
《经济学人》
Passage 9 南非的母语受到威胁...... 19
Passage 10美国与墨西哥边境非法移民 21
Passage 11现代城市的发展之路..... 22
Passage 12阿拉伯的劳伦斯......... 24
The Guardian
theguardian
《卫报》
Passage 13 土耳其大跃进对其文化和环境的破坏..................................................................................27
Passage 14永不遗忘的废墟..........................................................................................................................29
Passage 15毒品犯罪中的妇女受害者保卫战............................................................................................32
Passage 16乐购调整高管的收入以平息股东的愤怒...............................................................................34
Passage 17楼市崩溃下的一线曝光..........................................................................................................35Passage 18为什么有人愿意选择焦虑........................................................................................................38
Passage 19改变心态能否使自己变得更年轻...........................................................................................40
Passage 20布拉纳执导漫威新片................................................................................................................42
Part II 6 2 篇 阅 读 分 类 特 训 J
第一章专八阅读考纲要求和评分原则......................................妬
W 娜 .....................................................................................................................................................46
第二章专八阅读答题步骤..................................................................................................................47
顧 i* ................................................................................................................................................... 47
第三 章 选 择 题 8 大应试技巧.............................................................................................................48
技巧1:通过定位法解题.......................................................................................................................4«
.....................................................................................................................................................48
技巧2:排除法........................................................................................................................................48
技巧3:同义替换是解...........................................................................................................................49
技巧4:结合上下文语境推测..............................................................................................................49
技巧5:确定例证要支持的论点..........................................................................................................50
技巧6:抓大放小，首尾是关键............................................................................................................50
技巧7:紧扣文章主题进行选择..........................................................................................................51
技巧8:掌握常用的修辞手法..............................................................................................................52
顏 i果 .....................................................................................................................................................52
第四章简答题3 大应试技巧.............................................. 53
视 频 课........................................... 53
技巧1:结合语境和例证理解同汇… 53
技巧2:尽fit利用原文，巧妙进行转换 53
技巧3:检査核对,避 免 语 法 错 误 • 54
第 五 章 62篇阅读分类特训...... 55
Passage 1 "55 Passage 8 64
Passage 2 ••56 Passage 9 65
Passage 3 ••57 Passage 10 66
Passage 4 "59 Passage 11 68
Passage 5 ••60 Passage 12 69
Passage 6 "61 Passage 13 70
Passage 7 "63 Passage 14 72
Passage 15 ••78 Passage 21 86
Passage 16 ••80 Passage 22 88
Passage 17 ••81 Passage 23 89
Passage 18 ••82 Passage 24 90
Passage 19 ••84 Passage 25 91
Passage 20 ••85®
C o n te n ts
Passage 26 • 97 Passage 33 105
Passage 27 • 98 Passage 34 107
Passage 28 •99 Passage 35 108
Passage 29 100 Passage 36 109
Passage 30 101 Passage 37 110
Passage 31 103 Passage 38 111
Passage 32 104
Passage 39 116 Passage 44 123
Passage 40 118 Passage 45 124
Passage 41 119 Passage 46 125
Passage 42 120 Passage 47 126
Passage 43 121 Passage 48 127
Passage 49 132 Passage 56 140
Passage 50 133 Passage 57 141
Passage 51 134 Passage 58 142
Passage 52 135 Passage 59 143
Passage 53 136 Passage 60 144
Passage 54 138 Passage 61 146
Passage 55 139 Passage 62 147
Part Ijjl 7 6 篇阅读模拟集训
Test 1 ...................-• … .........................：• 154 Test 11 238
Test 2 .......................... ............................163 Test 12 246
Test 3 .......................................................171 Test 13 254
Test 4 ...........................................................180 Test 14 262
Test 5 .......................... ............................188 Test 15 270
Test 6 .......................................................196 Test 16 279
Test 7 .......................... ............................204 Test 17 288
Test 8 .......................... ............................212 Test 18 296
Test 9 .......................... ............................220 Test 19 304
Test 10 ........................ .............................228 Test 20 313
Part IV 2 2 篇阅读高分冲刺
Test 21 322 Test 24 347
Test 22 331 Test 25 355
Test 23 339 Test 26 363专八阅读
1. Too Young to Wed "'Nj
来源 Because the wedding was illegal and a se
核心词汇
National Geographic
cret, and because marriage rites in Rajasthan
are often conducted late at night, it was well rite /rait/ /i• 仪式，典礼
□ NATIONAL
GEOGRAPHIC into the afternoon before the three girl brides in sacred /*seikrid/ a• 神圣的；宗教
this dry farm settlement in the north of India
(性〉的
began to prepare themselves for their sacred vows. They squatted side
vow /vau/ /I.誓言，誓约
by side on the dirt， a crowd of village women holding sari cloth
squat /skwot/ v• 蹲，蹲坐
around them as a makeshift curtain, and poured soapy water from a
metal pan over their heads. Two of the brides, were 15 and 13, old makeshift • 临时的，代
enough to understand what was happening. The third, their niece Rajani, 用的
was 5. soapy /*saupi/fl. 有肥皂的；似肥皂
The grooms were en route from their own village， many miles 的
away. No one could afford an elephant or the lavishly saddled horses
en route (法）在途中
that would have been ceremonially correct for the grooms' entrance to
lavish丨y /^▽ 小1/扳挥祺地,铺张地
the wedding, so they were coining by car and were expected to arrive
sadd丨e /*saedl/ v•给.....装鞍
high-spirited. The only local person to have met the grooms was the
father of the two oldest girls, a slender gray-haired fanner with a ceremomall) /.serimaunjali/ ad.
straight back and a drooping mustache. This fanner, Mr. M, was both 仪式上，礼仪上
proud and wary as he surveyed guests coming up the rocky path to droop /dru:p/ v.低垂；凋蒌；蒌靡
ward the bright silks draped over poles for shade; he knew that if a
wary /*wean/a• 谨慎的，小心的；警
nonbribable police officer found out what was under way, the wedding
防的
might be interrupted mid-ceremony, bringing criminal arrests and lin
drape /dreip/ v.琚挂，披
gering shame to his family.
Hnj;ering • 经久不消的；
Child marriage spans continents, language，religion, caste. In India
拖延的
the girls will typically be attached to boys four or five years older; in
Yemen, Afghanistan, and other countries with high early marriage rates, caste /ka:st/ /I.印度的世袭阶级；任
the husbands may be young men or middle-aged widowers or abduc 何排他的社会阶层
tors who rape first and claim their victims as wives afterward, as is widower /*widaua/ /I.鳏夫
the practice in certain regions of Ethiopia. Some of these marriages are
abductor /aeb’dAkta/ ；!• i秀拐齐
business transactions, barely adorned with additional rationale: a debt
adorn /a’do:n/ v.装饰
cleared in exchange for an 8-year-old bride; a family feud resolved by
rationale /,raeJVna:l/ /i• 基本原理，
the delivery of a virginal 12-year-old cousin. Those, when they happen
理论基础
to surface publicly, make for clear and outrage-inducing news fodder
from great distances away. The 2008 drama of Nujood Ali, the 10- feud /fju:d/ n.宿怨；世仇;长期不和
year-old Yemeni girl who found her way alone to an urban courthouse outrage /*autreid3/ 义愤
to request a divorce from the man in his 30s her father had forced her
induce /in’dju:s/ v• 弓I 诱;导致
to marry, generated worldwide headlines and a book, translated into 30
fodder /foda/ n. 素材
languages: / am Nujood, Age 10 and Divorced.
amid /a'mid/ prep. ......中间
But inside a few of the communities in which parent-arranged
early marriage is common practice—amid the women of Rajani*s set mournful /Vno:nf3l/fl.悲哀的，哀痛
tlement, for example, listening to the mournful sound of their songs to 的
the bathing brides一it feels infinitely more difficult to isolate the nature
• 2 •〇 20篇题源阅读记单词
of the wrongs being perpetrated against these girls. Their educations perpetrate /*P3:pitreit/ V.犯（罪），
will be shortened not only by marriage but also by rural school sys
作(恶）
tems, which may offer a nearby school only through fifth grade; be
predatory /predatari/ 食肉的；
yond that, there's the daily bus ride to town, amid crowded-in, preda
掠夺的
tory men. The middle school at the end of the bus ride may have no
adolescent /iseda’lesant/a #存期的
private indoor bathroom in which an adolescent girl can attend to her
sanitary needs. And schooling costs money, which a practical family is sanitary /saenitari/ a .(有关〉卫生
surely guarding most carefully for sons, with their more readily mea 的
surable worth. In India, where by long-standing practice most new transient /traenzianV a.短暂的，转
wives leave home to move in with their husbands' families, the Hindi
瞬即逝的
term paraya dha refers to daughters still living with their own parents.
frustration /fus’treij^n/ « .挫败，
Its literal meaning is “someone else’s wealth•”
挫折
Remember this too: The very idea that young women have a right
to select their own partners is still regarded in some parts of the world as misguided foolishness. Throughout
much of India, for example, a majority of marriages are still arranged by parents. Strong marriage is regarded
as the union of two families, not two individuals. This calls for careful negotiation by multiple elders, it is be
lieved, not by young people following transient impulses of the heart.
So in communities of pressing poverty, where nonvirgins are considered ruined for marriage and genera
tions of ancestors have proceeded in exactly this fashion. “One of our workers had a father turn to him, in
frustration，” says Sreela Das Gupta, a health specialist, “This father said, ‘If I am willing to get my daughter
married late, will you take responsibility for her protection?1M
©〇 ©〇
儿童新娘
因为婚礼是违法的、是秘密的，因为在拉贾斯坦邦结婚仪式常常在夜间进行，所以进入下午时分这三个生
活在印度北部干旱村落的新娘才开始为她们神圣的誓言做准备。她们并排蹲在泥巴土地上，一 群村妇举着纱
丽布围着她们作为临时围布，并从一个金属锅里把肥皂水倒在她们头上。其中的两个新娘一个15岁，一个13
岁，她们已经到了能弄明白发生了什么事情的年纪，第三个新娘是她们5 岁的侄女拉佳妮„
新郎正从距离她们很多里远的村庄赶来，没有人能买得起大象或者装上了豪华马鞍的马让新郎符合仪式
地步入婚礼，因此他们坐车过来，并被期待着能兴高采烈地到来。唯一见过新郎的当地人就是那两个大一点的
女孩的父亲，一个脊背挺直、身材消瘦、满头银发且有着下垂胡子的农民当这位农民M 先生看着客人们沿着
岩石路走向将亮丽丝绸彼在几根竹杆上而搭建的遮荫处时，他既骄傲又警惕。他知道如果一个未受贿的警官
发现了事情的来龙去脉，婚礼可能就会中断，罪犯将会被逮捕，这会让他的家庭长久蒙羞。
童婚跨州、跨语言、跨宗教、跨阶层。在印度，女孩通常会嫁给比自己大四、五岁的并性。而在也门、阿富汗
以及其他一些早婚率较高的国家中，年轻的男性或中年鳏夫又或诱拐者可能会先强迫女孩与之发生性关系，
随后声称受害者已经成为自己的妻子了，这在埃塞俄比亚一些地方是司空见惯的事情。有些早婚甚至是“商业
交易”—— 几乎再没有其他的缘由：用一个8 岁的新娘抵债；为了解决家庭宿怨将一个12岁处女嫁给她的表
兄弟或堂兄弟。当这些事情浮出水面、公诸于众时，便成为从千里之外传来的令人愤慨的新闻爆料。2008年一
个年仅10岁的也门女孩努珠德•阿里想方设法逃了出来，并且向法院声明自己曾被父亲逼婚，嫁给了一个30
多岁的男人，为此提起申诉，要求与丈夫离婚。这一案例成为全世界的头条新闻，一 本名为《我是努珠德，十岁，
离婚了》的书也被翻译成30多种语言。
然而在少数社群中，父母安排早婚已是很常见的做法了，比如在拉佳妮居住的村落，妇女们听着悲歌给新
娘们沐浴;，要想不去探究童婚给这些女孩带来伤害的事情的性质是极其困难的她们所接受的教育不仅因为
婚姻还因为农村的教育体制而被缩短。根据这种教育体制，女孩们在邻近的学校只能读到5 年级3如果想再继
• 3 •续读下去，每天就得和一群如狼似虎的男人挤进拥挤的巴士去镇里上学3 在车尽头的中学里没有单独的室内
浴室，不能满足女孩们的卫生需求。而且上学需要花钱，现实的家庭都会因为儿子具有更容易衡量的价值而格
外照顾他们在印度，长久以来都有这样的习俗，即大部分的新媳妇离开家搬到夫家居住...北印度语“paraya
dha”指的是那些婚后仍然与自己父母居住在一起的女孩，直译的意思就是“别人的财富”。
也请记住：认为年轻女性有权选择自己配偶的想法在世界一些地方仍然被认为是误导人的愚蠢思想。比
方说，在印度的许多地方，大部分的婚姻都是由父母安排的。两家人而不是两个人的结合才会被认为是牢固的
婚 姻 人 们 相 信 ，这需要很多年长者们的仔细协商而不仅仅是两个年轻人转瞬即逝的心跳,』
在一些特别贫困的地区，非处女就会被认为会毀了婚姻，一代又一代的祖辈们就是以这样的方式过来的。
健康专家Sreela Das Guptas说 道 “一个女孩的父亲很沮丧地对我的一个同事说，‘如果我愿意让我的女儿晚
点结婚，你能保护我的女儿吗？ ’”
2. Jamaica
The southwest coast embraced eco-friendly
来源
National Geographic tourism in the 1970s and touts its abundance
of attractions—old-growth forests， bird-flocked embrace /im’breis/ v•包括
NATIONAL
GEOGRAPHIC estuaries, centuries-old sugarcane plantations， tout /taut/ v.招徕，兜俜
and miles of beaches. “Both Jamaicans and ahundam'e /9’bAndans/ 丰富
foreigners here are trying to learn from the mistakes of other parts of estuary /estjuari/ 忧二:角湾，河口
Jamaica by developing while maintaining the sense of place/* says plantation/plaen'teij^n / /i.种植园
sustainable-tourism consultant Chris Seek. Jamaican-born Jason Henzell, sustainable /se'steinabl/ a. 可持续
owner of the local Jake's resort, says: **Here you can be part of a com 的，环保的
munity of people full of pride in where they live/* pastime/*pa:staim//i• 消逍，娱乐
Treasure Beach, a series of four coves blessed with golden sand snorkel /sn3:kal/ v.用通气管潜水
(hence the name), offers the classic Caribbean pastimes of sunbathing, angle /*aer]gl/ v•钓鱼
beachcombing, and snnrkeling in the atmosphere of an art colony: A
reggae /Ve.gei/ /*•茁鬼音乐
popular art school teaches painting, and the area’s annual Calabash
breadbasket /"bred.ba:skit/ n•粮食
literary festival—organized by Henzell’s sister, Justine—draws Nobel 产地，粮仓
Prize-winning writers like Wole Soyinka and Derek Walcott. heap /hi:p/ v•(使）成堆
Nearby Bluefields Bay is home to a string of fishing villages， implement Ampliment/ v• 使生效，
where you can hire a boat to angle for snapper, kingfish, and tuna. 实施
Boat tours bring you face-to-face with crocodiles, egrets, hummingbirds, emphasize /emfasaiz/ v•强调
owls, and grebes at the Black River Great Morass, the largest wetland luxurious /Ug’zjuarias/ a• 奢 侈 的 ，
in the English-speaking Caribbean. And you can pay your respects to a 豪华的
reggae pioneer at the Peter Tosh Memorial Gardens, a tiny museum authentic/o:'8entik/a ft正 的 ；可 靠 的
and monument maintained by his family in the village of Belmont. proliferation/pra.lifa'reijan/n 9W1
This region also is considered Jamaica's breadbasket Local organic outfitter /*autfita/ /i.机器安装 X
farmers offer free-range chicken, fresh-caught fish, and heaping platters cite /sait/ v.引用
of just-picked sweet peppers，pumpkins, papayas, mangos, eggplants, aesthetically /i:s’8etikli/ 审美
and melons. The drink of choice? Appleton Rum, made at a nearby 地，美学上地
estate- vibrant /Vaibrant/a 鲜明的；震动的
Jason Henzell notes that communities here are implementing a landscape /laendskeip/ v .美化…
sustainable master plan for development that emphasizes environmental 的景观
• 4 •Part 〇 20篇题源阅读记单词
awareness. But threats remain, including bauxite (4吕土） mining in the neighboring hills. Also of concern to
some locals: the advance of all-inclusive resorts from the north. In 2005 the Sandals chain opened a luxurious
resort，Whitehouse, designed to look like French, Dutch, and Italian villages. “We’re really hoping no more are
planned，” says Henzell.
Such all-inclusive resorts, where you never have to leave the grounds, define the lower-scoring northwest
coast around Ocho Rios and Montego Bay. The area, according to Larry Bleiberg, a former editor at Coastal
Living magazine, is 44more a resort theme park than an authentic slice of the Caribbean." Also affecting the
region: a proliferation of new hotels, weak coastal-management plans, careless snorkelers (and outfitters) who
damage the reefs, trash (both on land and in the waters), and increased bauxite mining. But some panelists
express optimism, citing Ocho Rios for being “aesthetically pleasing with vibrant colors and local architecture，”
and plans that call for the historic town center of Falmouth to “be landscaped with many palm trees， flowering
plants, and benches, and restricted to pedestrian traffic.”
o©@® --------
牙买加西南部的美好风光
20世纪70年代西南海岸开始开发生态旅游，极力宣传其丰富的景点—— 古老的森林，群鸟集聚的港
湾，有数百年历史的甘蔗种植园，绵延数英里的海滩在这里，无论是牙买加人还是外国人都在努力地从牙买
加其他地区的错误中汲取教训，在大力开发旅游资源的同时保持地方特色，”可持续旅游顾问克里斯•思克说
道。出生于牙买加的杰森•亨策尔在当地开了家杰克度假村。他说:“这里的人为他们所生活的地方感到自豪，
而你可以是他们中的一分子”。
珍宝海滩，四个海湾连成一片的金色沙滩（这也是海滩名称的由来），为游客提供了日光浴、赶海、潜泳
等经典的加勒比休闲活动，而这一切都笼革在牙买加浓浓的艺术气息中：一所很热门的艺术学校教授人们
绘画，由亨策尔的姐姐贾斯汀举办的一年一度的葫芦文化节，还会有像沃莱.索因卡和德里克•沃尔科特这
样获得过诺贝尔奖的作家光临
附近的布卢菲尔兹湾有一大片渔村，在那里你可以租一条小船去钓鲷鱼、石首鱼和金枪鱼划船游览可
以让你在黑河大沼泽面对面地观看鳄鱼、白鹭、蜂鸟、描头鹰和鵝鵷，这片黑河大沼泽是加勒比说英语地区
最大的湿地。而且，你还可以到彼得托什纪念花园拜祭一下这位雷鬼乐的先驱，他的家人为他在贝尔蒙建了
这个小型纪念馆。
这个区域还被认为是牙买加的粮仓木地种植有机作物的农民会为你提供放养的土鸡，新鲜捕捞的鱼，
大量刚采摘的甜椒、南瓜、木瓜、芒果、茄子和甜瓜特别的饮料呢，有附近庄园酿造的阿普尔顿朗姆酒
杰森•亨策尔指出，这个地区的总体规划是进行可持续发展，强调环保意识。但威胁仍然存在，邻近山区
的铝土矿开采便是成胁之一。令本地人担心的还有从北部扩张过来的仝包式度假村。 2005年，悦来假日
连锁酒店开了一家豪华度假村—— 白宫，其设计融合了法国、荷兰和意大利乡村风格。“我们真希望不要再
有度假村建在这里了 ”，亨策尔说道。
这种让你来了就再也不想走的全包式度假村，是欧丘里欧和蒙特哥海湾下游西北海岸的一大特色。按
照《海岸生活》杂志前任编辑拉里•布莱贝格的说法，这个地区“不像是加勒比一个实实在在的区域，更像一
个度假主题公园”。影响这个地区的还有：不断增多的新酒店，不完善的海岸管理计划，破坏珊瑚礁的粗心的
潜游者（还有旅行用品商），垃圾（包括地上的和水里的），不断增长的铝土矿开采但是，一些专门小组成员
对此却持乐观态度，称欧丘里欧为“鲜艳的色彩与当地建筑结合，非常具有美感”，并提出要在这个历史悠久
的法尔茅斯镇中心•‘栽上大量的棕榈树和开花植物，装上长凳，仅限行人通行。 ”
5 •专八阅读
3. A Lesson from Bangladesh
We may be seven billion specks on the
来源 核 心 词 汇 ；
National Geographic surface of Earth, but when you’re in
Bangladesh, it sometimes feels as if half the specK /spek/ /i• 小点，斑点
□ NATIONAL
human race were crammed into a space the
GEOGRAPHIC cr;m) /kraem/ v•把......塞满（装满）
size of Louisiana. Dhaka， its capital， is so
stro丨丨/straul/ v•敗步，闲逛
crowded that every park and footpath has been colonized by the
mist /mist/ •薄雾
homeless. To stroll here in the mists of early morning is to navigate
an obstacle course of makeshift beds and sleeping children. Later the navigate /n®vigeit/ v•(艰难地）走
city's steamy roads and alleyways clog with the chaos of some 15 过，经过
million people, most of them stuck in traffic. Amid this clatter and alk*> wa> /seliwei/ /I• 小巷，窄街
hubbub moves a small army of Bengali beggars, vegetable sellers,
clog /king/ v• 障碍，阻塞
popcorn vendors, rickshaw drivers, and trinket salesmen, all surging
chaos /keiDS/ /I.混乱
through the city like particles in a flash flood.
clatter /klaeta/ /i.掩击声
We should not be surprised. Bangladesh is, after all, one of the
most densely populated nations on Earth. It is a place where one hubhub /*hAbAb/ /i.噴啤；骚乱
person, in a nation of 164 million， is mathematically incapable of vendor /*venda/ it* 小联；卖主
being truly alone. That takes some getting used to.
rickshav. /Vikj'o:/；!• 人力车；•轮车
So imagine Bangladesh in the year 2050, when its population will
trinket /tnrjkit/ n• 小装饰品•琐物
likely have zoomed to 220 million, and a good chunk of its current
surge /S3:d3/ v• 蜂拥而出；汹涌
landmass could be permanently underwater. That scenario is based on
two converging projections: population growth that despite a sharp particle n• 粒子，微粒
decline in fertility, will continue to produce millions more /zu:m/ v.急速移动;急升
Bangladeshis in the coming decades， and a possible multifoot rise in chunk W.大块；大部分
sea level by 21(K) as a result of climate change. Such a scenario could
pirniam ntl) /*p3:man3ntli/ ■永
mean that 10 to 30 million people along the southern coast would be
久地
displaced, forcing Bangladeshis to crowd even closer together or else
scenario/si'na:riau/#i• 剧本，脚本；
flee the country as climate refugees—a group predicted to swell to
情节
some 250 million worldwide by the middle of the century, many from
poor, low-lying countries. c-onvtM w /kenV3:d3/ v .会合；（趋
Such a catastrophe, even imaginary, fits right in with Bangladesh's 于）相似或相同
crisis-driven story line, which, since the country’s independence in prt>j(u tion /pra’d3ekj3n/ /!• 预测•
1971, has included war, famine，disease, killer cyclones， massive 推断
floods， military coups, political assassinations, and pitiable rates of
fertility /f3:'tiliti/ /!•生育率
poverty and deprivation一a list of woes that inspired some to label it
(lisph(乂* /dis’pleis/ v• 迫使……离开
an international basket case. Yet if despair is in order, plenty of
家园;取代
people in Bangladesh didn’t read the script. In fact, many here are
swell /swel/v.肿胀，膨胀;增强
pitching another ending altogether, one in which the hardships of their
past give rise to a powerful hope. catastrophe /kataestrafi/ n. 大灾
To reduce its high birthrate, Bangladesh developed a grassroots 难
family-planning program in the 1970s that has lowered its fertility rate famint' /faemin/ /i.饥荒
from 6.6 children per woman in 1977 to about 2.4 today—a historic
coup /ku:/ /i.政变
record for a country with so much poverty and illiteracy. Fertility
deprivation /.depri’veijan/a BE乏，
decline has generally been associated with economic improvement,
缺乏
which prompts parents to limit family size so they can provide
6 •Part
〇
20篇题源阅读记单词
education and other opportunities to their children.
woe /W9U/ n.
悲伤，忧伤；苦难
“It was very hard in the beginning，” says Begum Rokeya, 42， a
pitch /pitJ7 v
•定调
government health worker in the Satkhira District who’s made
grassroots /.gra:sru:ts/
•草根
thousands of home visits to persuade newlywed couples to use
illiterac> /i’lit9rasi//i W
contraception and plan their family's size. "This is a very conservative •文 ，无知
country, and men put pressure on women to have lots of children. But contraception /.knntra'sepj an/ «.
they began to see that if they immunized their kids, they wouldn’t 避孕 ( 法）
need to have a bunch of babies just so a few would survive. They conservative /k8n's3 ： vativ/ a, U
like the idea of fewer mouths to feed.” 守的
Working in partnership with dozens of NGOs, Bangladesh has imnuilize /*imju:naiz/ v.
丨 使免疫
made huge strides in educating women and providing them with bunch /bAntJ/ w•
群;束
economic opportunities; female work-participation rates have doubled
stride /straid/ /i. 〆
大步；步法；[常 】
since 1995. Its economy is growing, helped by its garment-export
进展
industry. And Bangladesh has managed to meet an important UN
garment /ga:mant/ /!.
衣服
Millennium Development Goal: Infant mortality dropped dramatically
mortality /moftaeliti/
between 1990 and 2008, from 1(K) deaths per 1,000 births to 43—one 死亡人
of the highest improvement rates among low-income countries. 数，死亡率
〇 © © &
孟加拉国的危机及应对
我们可能是地球表面的70亿斑点，但是当你在孟加拉国，有时候会感觉似乎人类的一半种族都挤在一
个只有路易斯安那州那么大的空间里。孟加拉国首都达卡太拥挤了，每一个公园和走道都被无家可归的人
占据。要想在晨雾弥漫的清早在这儿散步，你就得越过一张张临时的床和一个个熟睡的孩子。稍后，1500万
人让这个城市潮湿的道路和小巷变得一片混乱，他们中的大多数人都堵在拥挤的交通里。在喧哗和嘈杂中，
走过一小群孟加拉乞丐、卖蔬菜的人、爆米花小贩、人力车车夫和小饰品销售员，他们汇聚成突发的洪水，向
这个城市涌动
我们应该不觉得惊奇，毕竟孟加拉国是地球上人口最稠密的国家之一。在一个拥有一亿六千四百万人
口的国土上，从数学上计算，一 个人无法真正算是独自一人这需要适应。
因此可以想象2050年的孟加拉国那时其人口总数将增长到两亿两千万，而它目前的一大块陆地可能
将永远处于水下。这种情况是基于两个趋同性预测：尽管生育率大幅度下降，但是在未来几十年，孟加拉国
的人口将增加数百万。而且由于气候变化，到 2100年海平面可能会上升数英尺。这就意味着南海岸一带一
千万到三千万的居民将要背井离乡，这就迫使孟加拉人要么更加稠密地居住在一起,要么作为气候难民逃
离这个国家。据预测，全球气候难民的人数到这个世纪中叶将突破两亿五千万，很多都来自贫穷和低洼国家。
这样的灾难—— 即便是想象中的—— 都与孟加拉国危机四伏的故事脉络相吻合：这个国家自1971年
独立以来经历了很多灾难，包括战争、饥荒、疾病、飓风、洪水、军事政变、政治暗杀以及可悲的贫困率和资源
匮乏。一系列的灾难让有的人给它贴上了 “毫无希望的国家”的标签。然而，如果“绝望”这个词合适的话，孟
加拉国的很多人却并未意识到事实上，很多人在这里一起打造另外一个结局，过去的艰辛让他们心里产生
了强烈的希望。
为控制高生育率，孟加拉国于20世纪 70年代开发出了基层计划生育计划，这一计划大大降低了生育
率。1977年平均每个妇女生育6.6个孩子，现在只有2.4个。这对一个有着这么多穷人和文盲的国家来说是
个历史性的突破。生育率的下降通常与经济改善联系在一起，因为正是经济改善促使父母缩小家庭的规模
以便给孩子们提供教育和其他一些机会
现年42岁的Begum Rokeya是沙特基拉区一名政府医疗卫生工作者，她做了数以千次的家访，说服新
婚夫妇采取避孕措施、计划家庭规模她说“刚开始的时候很难。这是个非常保守的国家，男人逼迫女人生很专八阅读
多孩子。但是他们开始意识到，如果他们给自己的孩子接种，他们就不必生一大群孩子，最后却只有少數几
个存活他们喜欢这种供养少教孩子的办法.， ”
与几十个非政府组织合作，孟加拉国在女性教育和给她们提供经济机会上已经迈出了一大步。自 1995
年以来，女性就职率已经翻了 一番服装出口产业使得这个国家的经济在增长。孟加拉国已经达到联合国一
个重要的千年发展目标：婴儿死亡率大幅度下降，从 1990年 每 1000名新生儿有100人死亡到2008年每
1000名有43人死亡，这在低收入国家中已经算是改善程度最大的国家之一了。
4. Humans Left Africa Earlier,
During Ice Age Heat Wave
A period of climate change about 130,(KK)
来源 核 心 词 汇 ；
National Geographic years ago would have made water travel easier
by lowering sea levels and creating navigable
navigable /naevigabl/ a. 适于航行
P I NATIONAL
Li lakes and rivers in the Arabian Peninsula, the
GEOGRAPHIC 的
study says.S uch a shift would have offered
peninsula /pi’ninsjula/ /i•半岛
early modem humans—which arose in Africa about 2(K),(XK) years
scorching /*sk3:tjir]/ a.灼热的
ago—a new route through the formerly scorching northern deserts into
spur /sp3:/ v.激励，促进
the Middle East. The new paper was spurred by the discovery of
several 120,0(X)-year-olcl tools at a desert archaeological site in the archaeological /.a:ki0lDd3ikal/ a.
United Arab Emirates. The presence of the tools—whose design is 考古学的
uniquely African, experts say—so early in the region suggests early via /"vaia/ prep•经过
humans marched out of Africa into the Arabian Peninsula directly from briefing，bri:fiQ/ /i.新闻发布会
the Horn of Africa, roughly present-day Somalia. Previously, scientists
luminescence /.lu:mi’nesns/ n. 发
had thought humans first left via the Nile Valley or the Far East.
光;突光
“Up till now we thought of cultural developments leading to the
grain /grein/ /i.细粒.颗粒；谷物，谷
opportunity of people to move out of Africa,” said study co-author
Hans-Peter Uerpmann. a retired archaeobiologist at the University of 粒
Tubingen in Germany. “Now we see, I think, that it was the radiation/.reidi’eij"an/w•辐射，放射
environment that was the key to this,” Uerpmann said during a press stalagmite /staelagmait/ n• 【地 1石
briefing Wednesday. 笋
The discovery “leaves a lot of possibilities for human migrations,
lush /lAj/fl.繁密的，茂盛的
and keeping this in mind, might change our view completely." During
raft /ra:ft/ 乘筏
the past few years, a series of tools were discovered at the Jebel Faya
disperse /di’sp3:s/ v.分敗；消散
site in the U.A.E., some of which—such as hand axes_ had a two
sided appearance previously seen only in early Africa. fertile /*f3:tail/ 肥沃的；多产的
Scientists used luminescence dating to determine the age of sand delta /delta/ n.三免洲
grains buried with the stone tools. This technique measures naturally
consistent/ken'sistant/坚持的;
occurring radiation stored in the sand. For the climatic data, scientists
一致的
studied the climate records of ancient lakes and rivers in cave
evidence /evidans/ u.证据，迹象
stalagmites, as well as changes in the level of the Red Sea. This
ancestor/"aensesta//i.祖先；先驱
warmer period 13(MHK) years or so ago caused more rainfall on the
Arabian Peninsula, turning it into a series of lush rivers that humans anthropolog} /.aenBra'poladsi/ n.
might have boated or rafted. 人类学
During this period the southern Red Sea’s levels dropped， offering propose /pra'pauz/ v• 提议;提出
a "brief window of time” for humans to easily cross the sea—which
trek /trek/ /i. 艰辛的路程
was then as little as 2.5 miles wide, according to Adrian Parker, a
• 8 •Part 〇 20篇题源阅读记单词
physical geographer from Oxford Brookes University in the United Kingdom.
Once humans entered the peninsula, they dispersed and likely reached the Jebel Faya site by about
125,000 years ago, according to the study, published in the journal Science.
Geneticist Spencer Wells called the discovery a “very interesting find,” especially because the Arabian
Peninsula is becoming a hot spol for archaeological finds—particularly underwater, since the Persian Gulf was a
fertile river delta during early human migrations. But he noted that the study doesn’t “rewrite the book on
what we know about human migratory history.” That’s because tools dating to the same period have already
been found in Israel， so it’s “consistent with what we suspected" about an earlier wave of migration into the
Middle East, said Wells, director of the National Geographic Society's Genographic Project. Wells also noted
there’s no evidence yet that the migrants in the new paper were our ancestors—the group, and their genes,
may have died out long ago.
Bence Viola, of the Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, agreed the
finding was interesting but not that surprising, also citing the evidence of humans in Israel about 120,(K)0 years
ago. Viola, who wasn't involved in the study, added that the migration route proposed in the paper makes
sense on another level—the Arabian Peninsula would have been something early humans were used to. "If you
look even today， the environment in the Horn of Africa， in Somalia or northern Ethiopia, is similar to what
you see in Oman or Yemen—not like the big desert，” Viola noted. “It’s not like they needed to adapt to a
completely different environment—it’s an environment that they knew.”
Why they made the trek is another question, since they wouldn't have been hurting for food or resources
in their African homeland, Viola noted. “Curiosity，” he said， “is a pretty human desire.”
© ®O Q
早期人类离开非洲的新证据
有研究称，大约13万年前的气候变化使海平面下降，在阿拉伯半岛出现了可以通航的湖泊和河流，这
可能使水上交通变得更为便利这一变化可能为早期现代人—— 约20万年前在非洲出现的人类—— 提供
了一条从原来炎热的北部沙漠到中东的新路线。人们在沙漠中的阿联酋考古遗址中发现了一些12万年前
的工具，研究人员受此启发写了这篇论文。这些工具—— 专家称其式样具有非洲特有的风格—— 这么早就
出现在这个地区，说明早期的人类是直接从非洲之角，大体上就是现今的索马里走出非洲到阿拉伯半岛的。
此前，科学家曾认为早期人类最初是通过尼罗河谷或远东离开非洲的。
“在这之前，我们都认为是文化发展给人们带来了离开非洲的机会，”德国蒂宾根大学退休的考古生物
学家，这项研究的合著者汉斯.皮特•魏尔波曼说道“我觉得，现在我们应该明白环境才是关键，”魏尔波曼
在周三的一次新闻发布会上说。
这一发现“为人类的迁移留下了很多的可能性，牢记这一点可能会完全改变我们的视野”在过去的几
年里，人们在阿联酋的杰贝尔法亚遗址发现了 一系列的工具，其中一些工具，例如手斧，有两个刃面，而这种
式样的工具只出现在早期的非洲
科学家用释光测年技术来确定这些石制工具上的沙粒的年代。这项技术能够测量沙粒所含有的自然辐
射。为了收集气候数据，科学家研究了洞穴石笋中古湖水和河水的气候记录，以及红海水位的变化。丨3 万年
前的气候要温暖得多，这为阿拉伯半岛带来了更多的降雨，从而形成了大量的河流，使人类得以划船或乘木
夜通行。 •
在此期间，红海南部的水平面下降，为早期人类轻易穿过海峡提供了一个"短暂的时机”,—— 据阿德里
安•帕克所说，当时海面只有2.5英里宽，他是一位来自英国牛津布鲁克斯大学的自然地理学家。
根据这篇发表在《科学》杂志上的论文，那些古非洲人一进入半岛便分散开来，很有可能在约丨2.5万年
前到达杰贝尔法亚遗址。
遗传学家斯宾塞•韦尔斯将这一发现称为一个“非常有趣的发现”，特别是因为阿拉伯半岛正成为考古
研究的热点—— 尤其是在水下，因为在早期人类迁移期间，波斯湾是一个肥沃的河流三角洲。但他指出，这专八阅读
项研究并没有"改写我们所知道的人类迁徙历史"。这是因为我们已经在以色列发现了属于同一时期的工
具，所以这符合我们对早期到中东的迁移潮的猜想，国家地理学会基因地理项目主任韦尔斯说道。韦尔斯还
指出目前尚没有证据表明这篇新论文中提到的移民是我们的祖先—— 这一群人和他们的基因，可能在很久
以前就灭绝了
德国莱比锡马克斯普朗克进化人类学研究所的本斯.维奥拉也认为这项发现很有趣，但并不大令人感
到惊讶她也援引了人类约12万年前在以色列出现的证据。没有参与这项研究的维奥拉补充说，论文提出
的迁徙路线在另一个方面是有意义的—— 阿拉伯半岛可能是早期人类熟悉的地方。“你可以看看，即使在今
天，非洲之角、索马里和埃塞俄比亚北部的环境也类似于阿曼和也门的环境—— 并不像大沙漠，”维奥拉指
出 “他们可能并不需要适应完全不同的环境—— 这环境是他们所熟悉的。 ”
他们为什么要迁移又是另一个问题了，因为他们不大可能缺乏食物和资源，维奥拉指出。“好奇心是人
类的一种美好欲望，”维奥拉说道。
5. Excessive Weddings in India -^>0)
The pomp and splendor displayed last
核 心 词 汇 ：
month in London convinced millions around the
world to not only watch the wedding ceremony pomp /pomp/ n. 降®的仪式;壮观
of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, but
dub /dAb/ v.给……起绰号
also to dub the extravagant ceremony the
extravagant /ikstraevagant/ a. W
“Wedding of the Century”. But in India, where the typical upper-class
侈的，奢华的
wedding is expected to be an ostentatious spectacle, many well-heeled
ostentatious /.Dstanteijss/ a, 炫
prospective brides and grooms might be tempted to point out that the
權的，招摇的；讲究排场的
century has only just begun.
spectacle /"spektakl/n.场面；贵象
“In India, they are like royal weddings everyday, particularly at
the high end，” says Anita Patel, Managing Director of Tania-Tapel prospective /pra’spektiv/ a•预期
Events, a Mumbai-based international event-management company 的；未来的
specializing in weddings. “In India it’s more about glamour，there’s mimic /mimik/ v•模仿
more 尸w飢s/i/p (高人一等的作风），” says Patel. And a booming monarchic /mnna:kik/ a.
Indian economy has left more Indian families flush with the cash
excess /ik’ses/ /i• 过度；过址
required to mimic monarchic weddings. The Indian wedding industry
astronomical /aestranomikal/ a.
is filled with examples of trend-setting excess: elephants flown from
天文的；庞大的
India to Monte Carlo to carry the groom on his grand entrance;
vogue /veug/ n .流行.B、j•尚
bringing Moscow's Bolshoi Ballet to perform at a reception; and laying
spiraling /*spai9reli〇/ a•蟝旋式上
on a fleet of private jets with hourly departures, so that guests could
升的
come and go as they pleased. “The budgets are astronomical," says
Anaita Shroff Adajania, fashion director at Vogue India. celebritj /si’lebriti/ /f•名人
The spiraling marital budgets of the country’s wealthiest downside /daunsaid/ /i• 负面，缺点
politicians, industrialists and celebrities, however， have had a trickle- mortgage Amgids/ v•抵押贷款
down effect. A wedding of any scale is an important event for a
hilt /hilt/ ；!•(刀剑等的 >柄 ⑻ 认 e ~
family in India, and the cost of financing a wedding decades down the
最大限度地）
road is well-known. "Other than daily life, where individuals are pretty
auspicious/〇:'spi0 s/fl• 吉利的，吉
self contained, a wedding is an opportunity to bring in everyone
祥的
you’ve been associated with to show the peak of twenty five years of
esca丨ate /"eskaleit/ v.(使）逐步增长，
work," says Gourav Rakshit, business head of Shaadi.com, an online
逐步升级
matchmaking site. But the competitive pressure to keep up with, if not
• 10 •Part 〇 20篇题源阅读记单词
surpass, other families has a downside. 4*Most people are mortgaged to
lavishl) /*laevijli/似/.挥霍地；无节制
the hilt or take out very large loans，” he says. Some lenders have
地
even begun offering “auspicious” wedding loans to families looking to
percd\u /p‘ si:v/ v.感知，感觉
finance an impressive spectacle on the big day.
indifk*rence /in'difrans/ w .冷漠；
The escalating extravagance and cost of India's weddings has, of
course, left some unimpressed. 'They should be smaller，” says Rayapati 不关心
Sambasiva Rao， a member of parliament for the ruling Congress Party. plight /plait/ /i. 困境
“There are so many people lavishly spending $3 or 4 million, they devastate /"devasteit/ v.摧毁，破
can use the money for charity and reduce the expense.M
坏，毁灭
Excessive wedding spending is increasingly common not only
rebuke /n’bju:k/ v.逋责，指责，斥责
among the richest Indians， but also among the poorest—prompting
splash /splaeJV /I.溅泼声；溅出的水
official alarm. In April， Kuruppasserry Varkey Thomas, India’s Minister
wie丨(1 /wi:丨d/ v.挥;行使，运用
of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution floated the idea of
government curbing the excess and waste by capping the number of intact /in’taekt/ a.完整无缺的
guests, as well as the dishes that can be served, at weddings. In a opiil⑶ /npjulans/zi. ®裕；奢华
country where hundreds of millions live below the poverty line, food
entourage /Dntura：3/ n.
prices have become an explosive political issue. In politics, perceived
stallion /staeljan/ n•种马
indifference to the plight of those struggling to feed their families can
monarch、，/VnDnaki/n.君主制；君
be devastating. Two years ago, members of parliament were rebuked
主国
by the Prime Minister for their appetite for first class travel and 5-Star
hotels, even if paid for out of their own pocket. dashi丨丨g /daej'ir]/仏劲头十足的，精
To make a splash that gets attention， families have turned over 神抖擞的
the reins to an army of wedding planners charged with making the big showcase /Jaukeis/ v•展现
day memorable for guests, not just the bride and groom. “Traditionally，
when you went to a wedding you knew what to expect, but now everyone’s trying to give you something you
wouldn’t expect，” says Rakshit. “Given there are so many weddings，it’s hard to be unique.”
Then, of course， India has royalty of its own. The Indian royal families of the British colonial period no
longer wield power， but with family fortunes still intact, royal weddings are well known for their opulence. In
December， when a prince was married in the western Indian state of Gujarat， the entourage rode through the
streets on a white stallion while thousands of townspeople lined the streets and leaned over balconies
showering the couple with applause—and money.
While Indian weddings have grown in extravagance, it will be difficult to match the glamor of Britain’s
Royal couple. But one potential wedding in India may give the British monarchy a run for its money—that’ll
be when the dashing presumptive heir of Indian politics, Rahul Gandhi， chooses to wed， says Rakshit. “The
only one that would match up would be Rahul Gandhi, if he were to get married it would be showcased all
across the country.”
©@ ©o
奢侈的印度婚礼
上个月在伦敦举行的盛典吸引了世界各地数百万人的目光。他们不仅亲眼观看了这场剑桥公爵和剑桥
公爵夫人的婚礼，而且还将这场极尽奢华的婚礼称为“世纪婚礼"。但在印度，典型的上层阶级的婚礼被视为
一种财富的炫耀，许多富有的准新娘和准新郎也许会受到这场婚礼的诱惑而向世人指出，本世纪才刚刚开
始呢！
“在印度，每天举办的婚礼都像皇家婚礼，特别是那种高端的婚礼。印度婚礼更多地讲求办得有光彩，且
要胜人一筹。”阿妮塔•帕特尔说。他是国际庆典策划公司Tania-Tapel公司的总经理，该公司总部在孟买，专
• 11 •专八阅读
业从事婚礼策划印度经济的蓬勃发展让更多的印度家庭有了模仿君王婚礼的经济实力。印度婚庆行业充
斥着各种引领潮流的奢华婚礼：大象从印度飞到蒙特卡洛，把新郎驮到举行盛大婚礼的入口处；遨请莫斯科
大剧院芭蕾舞团在接待处演出；每小时一班的私人飞机机队，让客人想什么时候来就什么时候来，想什么时
候走就什么时候走。“婚礼的预算简直是天文教字”,《时尚印度》的时尚总监阿娜塔•斯洛夫.阿达佳妮亚说道。
但是，该国最富有的政治家、实业家和知名人士呈螺旋式上升的婚姻预算具有一种“滴漏效应”。在印
度，任何规模的婚礼对于一个家庭来说都是很重要的大事，大家事先都清楚在将来某一天婚礼要花多少钱
“在日常生活中人们都是独立的个体，但婚礼就不一样了，婚礼是向与你有联系的每一个人展示你25年来
最高成就的机会，”在线婚介网站Shaadi.com的业务主管高拉夫•拉科斯特说道。但为了比得上别人—— 且
不说要超过别人—— 导致的竞争压力具有其负面性“大多数人会最大限度地抵押贷款或是申请大笔贷
款，”他说3 有些放款人甚至已经开始向那些想在大喜之日举办豪华庆典的家庭提供“吉祥”结婚贷款，
越来越奢华，花费越来越高的印度婚礼当然也让一些人不以为然。“婚礼不必这么盛大”，执政党国大党
的一位议员拉亚帕蒂.山姆巴斯瓦.拉欧说道。“有很多人花三、四百万美元在婚礼上，真的很浪费他们完全
可以少花点钱，把钱用到慈善事业上去。 ”
过度的婚礼开支不仅在印度最富裕的家庭越来越普遍，在最贫穷人家也是如此—— 这引起了官方的忧
虑。4 月，印度消费者事务、食品和公共分配部部长库拉帕斯尔瑞.瓦尅.托马斯提出了政府通过设置客人人
數和菜式數量的上限以遏制婚礼浪费的想法。在一个尚有几亿人生活在贫困线下的国家，食品价格已成为
非常重要的政治问题.，在政治上，漢视那些艰难地养家糊口的贫民的困境可能会产生非常严重的后果两年
前，国会的几个议员出行时坐头等舱，住五星级饭店，即使是他们自己掏腰包，也因此受到了总理的训斥。
为了引起轰动，惹人注意，很多家庭会花钱找专门的婚礼策划人员准备婚礼，以在婚礼当天不仅给新郎
新娘，也给客人们留下难忘的记忆。“传统上，你去参加婚礼时总会知道婚礼上会发生些什么事，但现在大家
都想方设法地让婚礼别出心裁，”拉科斯特说道^ “但有这么多的婚礼，很难做到独一无二。 ”
当然，印度也有自己的皇室。英国?直民统治时期的印度皇室不再有什么权力，但由于还保留着皇室的財
产，皇室婚礼也以富裕奢华闻名。12月，一位王子在西印度古吉拉特邦举行婚礼时，随行人员骑着白马穿过
大街，成千上万的市民在路旁围观或是从阳台探出身子为新人鼓掌还有撒钱。
尽管印度婚礼越来越豪华，但还是很难与英国皇室这对新人婚礼的绚丽夺目相媲美。但印度未来的一
次婚礼可能会与英国皇室婚礼所花的钱不相上下^ 那就是年轻有为、最有可能成为印度总理接班人的
拉胡尔•甘地的婚礼，拉科斯特说道。“唯一比得上英国这次皇室婚礼的将会是拉胡尔•甘地的婚礼，如果他
结婚的话，婚礼也会是一场全国性的盛典”
6. New Evidence on How Galaxies Are Born
来源JIME If you think it's hard to swallow the con- 核心词汇
—cept of dark matter, you’re not alone. Decades
ago, a few astronomers began to suspect that astronomer /a’stmnama/ 天文
the universe was swarming with some mysteri 学家
ous, invisible substance that was yanking swarm /swim/ v•云集
galaxies around with its own powerful gravity. And for those same yank /jaer]k/ v•猛拉
decades, most of those astronomers^ colleagues dismissed the notion as galaxy /*gaelaksi/ /i•星系
pretty much nuts. mount /maunt/ v•增加
But the evidence kept mounting, and nowadays dark matter is a
astrophysics /.aestrau’fiziks/ /i•天
firmly established concept in modem astrophysics. It pretty much has to
体物理学
exist, in fact, to explain why individual galaxies spin as fast as they abhor /ab’ho:/ v•憎恨，厌恶
do without flying apart, and why groups of galaxies move the way
irrationality /i.raejVnaeldti/ n. 不
they do in relation to one another. If there weren’t 10 times as much
合理
• 12 •Part 〇 20篇题源阅读记单词
dark matter as there are stars and gas clouds and other visible matter，
blob/blDb/ /i.小圆块，小斑点
the universe would make no sense. Nature abhors irrationality, and so
s t e l l a r 星的
we live in a universe in which just about every galaxy, including the
feverishly /fi:varij'li/ d 狂热地
Milky Way, is held safely inside a huge blob of dark matter like a
butterfly floating inside a glass paperweight. prolific /pra’lifik/ 仏 多产的
Astrophysicists are also convinced that the dark matter came first， churn /tf3:n/ v.大S:生产
in blobs of various sizes. Those invisible masses then pulled in ordi
frenzy /frenzi/ /i.极度的激动
nary matter to make the galaxies. Not all galaxies are created equal,
sedate/si'deit/fl.安静的，沉着的
however. Some are 尸/pwM似k (小人物）， some are giants and some are
furious丨y /fjuariasli/ 猛烈地
true stellar overachievers—so feverishly prolific in their star creation
that they churned out up to 1,000 new suns a year for 100 million infrared /,infr9'red/ /?•/ 专攻，
first-ever U.K. store. The 4,650-sq-m big-box outlet in the London
专门从事
suburb of Thurrock is the first of eight to 10 stores Best Buy expects
• 16 •Part 〇 20篇题源阅读记单词
to open in the country this year. And it has proved an impressive
trendy /trendi/ a.流行的，时髦的
beachhead: in terms of sales volume, that first weekend was the
shack /Jaek/ n. 简陋的小屋，窝棚
chain’s biggest opening weekend in its 27-year history. For some U.S.
diic /Ji:k/ /i•别致的款式;时堪
stores, this will be their first foray into the U.K. Following in Best
Buy’s footsteps is California-based Forever 21, which specializes in
downturn /daunt3：n/w.
cheap, trendy clothes for young women and will open its first U.K. boast/baust/v.夸耀;以拥有……而自豪
branch in Birmingham, northern England, in November. But for others, tempting/temptirya•吸引人的，诱
now is the time to expand on past success. Hollister, which is owned 人的
by Abercrombie&Fitch (A&F), has proved extremely popular in Britain continental /JcuntiVientl/ 〇•大陆的
since it launched its first surf-shack-chic store in London in 2008. penetration/.pem'treijan/n.
Hollister rode the recession like it was the perfect wave. Despite the
渗透
economic downturn, it opened 11 more stores across the U.K. over
overhead/auvahed//i. 企业经常性
the past two years. As a result, A&F reports that average sales volume
支出
for Hollister’s British stores is six times the level of its U.S. stores.
anticipation /aen.tisipeijan/ n. 9
What's the attraction? Britain boasts an overall retail market worth
期，期望
around $415 billion一a tempting target. The U.K. is also a good
draw /dro:/ it.有吸引力的人或事物
launchpad for further expansions into continental Europe. Moreover,
vacancy /Veikensi/ n• 未占用;空缺
thanks to growing online sales, U.S. retailers no longer have to blanket
brutally /bru:tli/ 残酷地
Blighty with shops to achieve full market penetration. They can open
a few flagship stores in key cities, and back them up with a strong entice /in'tais/ v• 引诱，怂恿
Web presence, which in turn reduces overheads and risk. crunch /krAntJ/ v .(嘎吱作响地）哨，
The Internet also provides a strong prelaunch marketing tool: Best 咬；（使)发出碎裂声
Buy set up a U.K. website back in January that featured blogs, forums litter /lita/ v. 乱扔东西
and advice, and used social-networking sites such as Facebook and stumble /"stAmbl/ v.绊倒；跌跌撞撞
Twitter to build anticipation for the Thurrock launch. And there's a
地走
new, postdowntum draw too: cheaper rents. U.K. retail rents have
flock /flok/ u. —群；大世
historically been sky high, particularly in London. Now many
edge /ed3/ /».优势
landlords一hit by a raft of vacancies—are willing to bargain.
configure /kerVfiga/ v•安装
While the invasion is off to strong start, U.S. retailers shouldn't
consider Britain a sure thing. U.K. retailing is a highly mature market
that's brutally competitive, particularly now as retailers battle to entice
credit-crunched shoppers back into shops. “It’s probably not a great time to enter the British market,” says
Sarah Peters, an analyst at British retailing consultants Verdict Research, “But I’m not sure if there is ever a
good time.” Indeed, Britain’s retailing landscape is littered with the bones of successful U.S. retailers who
stumbled badly when they crossed the Atlantic.
If this latest flock of U.S. retailers does well in the U.K., it will likely be because they offer British
shoppers something completely different. For example, Best Buy has an edge. Not only are its big-box stores a
novelty in Britain, but so is the brand’s emphasis on customer service. Its Geek Squad unit gives customers
round-the-clock technical support, and shoppers can use its in-store setup service to configure gadgets before
taking them home. “Consumer-electronics stores in the U.K. traditionally have not had good reputations for
customer service，” says Matthew Piner, another Verdict Research analyst. “And no one has really challenged
them before.”
• 17 •专八阅读
Q@®@
美国零售业巨头抢占英国市场
经历了经济衰退带来的短暂淨顿之后，美国包括Best Buy,Banana Republic和 Forever 21在内的一些
最知名的零售品牌开始重新抢占英国市场。早些时候从第一线零售商得到的信息显示，这次不像早期美国
零售业强行打开英国大门那样了，这次英国的消费者是张开他们的双臂、打开他们的钱包来迎接入侵的美
国零售商:，
这并非总是如此。虽然英国公众早已习惯美国快餐，试图在英国获得成功的美国零售商的经历却是喜
忧参半但由于美国文化在媒体和网络上的主导地位，最近入侵英国零售市场的都是已经建立起品牌地位，
在消贽者心中已有一定知名度的零售商。总部在伦敦的星球零售咨询公司的分析师纳塔利.伯格说，这些品
牌满足了英国购物者“求新”的愿望，“他们给英国繁华的商业大街带来了追捧的偶像。”
美国最大的消费电子产品连锁Best Buy五月在英国开了第一家商场，拉开了进入英国市场的序幕
Best Buy预计今年在英国开设8 到 10家商场，这个位于伦敦郊区瑟罗克，占地4650平方米的超级广场型
的商场是第一家。现 已证明这是一个非常不错的开端：就销售额而言，第一个周末的销售额是该店成立27
年来周末销售额最大的。对于一些美国零售商来说，这是他们第一次入侵英国市场。紧随Best Buy的步伐
进入英国零售市场的是总部位于加州的Forever 21,这家店专门经营时髦又便宜的青年女装，将于十一月
在英格兰北部的伯明翰开设第一家英国分店。但对另外一些零售商而言，现在则是在过去成功的基础上更
上一层楼的时候了。美国高端休闲服饰品牌Abercrombie & Fitch旗下的Hollister,自2008年在伦敦开了第
一家分店，推出了其新颖别致，体现海滩冲浪风格的服饰以来，在英国一直非常受欢迎。Hollister冒着经济衰
退的风险迎浪而上，似乎它就是最完美的海浪。尽管经济不景气，在过去两年，Hollister仍然在英国各地开了
I I 个门店：这样的结果是，如 Abercrombie & Fitch报告所说的，Hollister英国店的平均销售颏是美国店的6
倍。英国市场有什么样的吸引力呢？英国拥有一个总额约4150亿美元的零售市场—— 这很诱人。英国也是
进一步扩展到欧洲大陆的一个不错的跳板。此外，由于网上销售越来越多，美国的零售商不用依靠在英国本
土开满实体商店来实现充分的市场渗透，他们可以在主要城市开几个旗舰店，然后通过大量的网店进行支
持，这样也能降低管理费用和风险。
互联网还提供了强有力的上市前的营销工具：Best Buy在一月建了一个英国网站，该网站有博客，论坛
和咨询等栏目，并使用Facebook和 Twitter等社交网站，为即将在瑟罗克开张的分店进行宣传。在经济衰退
后，英国还有一个新的吸引人的地方：更便宜的租金。英国零售店铺租金在历史上一直很高，尤其是在伦敦。
但很多业主—— 由于在经济衰退期间大量店铺闲置—— 现在愿意谈价了。
虽然初期形势十分理想，美国零售商不应觉得在英国就一定能成功。英国零售业是一个高度成熟、竞争
残酷的市场，尤其是在当前金融海啸后信贷紧缩的形势下，零售商为吸引顾客重新进店消费而进行的竞争
尤 为 激 烈 “这或许不是一个进入英国市场的好时机，”英国零售市场研究公司Verdict Research的分析师莎
拉•彼得斯说，“但我也不确定是否有进入英国的好时机。”事实上，英国的零售市场堆满了美国成功零售商
的白骨，他们在跨过大西洋时也曾狠狠地掉过跟头。
如果最近进入英国的这批美国零售商在英国做得好，有可能是因为他们为英国消费者提供了一些完全
不 同 的 东 西 例如，Best Buy就有一个优势。这一优势不仅在于其让英国人感到新奇的“超级广场”销售模
式，也在于这个品牌对客户服务的重视Best Buy的“极客小分队”为客户提供二十四小时技术服务，客户在
将产品拿回家之前可以使用该店的内部安装系统对产品进行配置。“英国的消费电子产品商店在客户服务
方面一直名声不佳，”Verdict Research公司的另一名分析师马修•皮勒尔说道，“而且在此之前没有人真正
质问过这些商店。”
• 18 •Part 〇 20篇题源阅读记单词
9. Tongues under Threat
Under the 1996 constitution, all 11 of
核心词汇
来源：The Economist
South Africa’s official languages “must enjoy
The equality of esteem and be treated equitablyM. constitution /.kDnsti’tju:J an//i.宪法
Economist In practice English, the mother tongue of just esteem /i’sti:m/ n•尊重
8% of the people, increasingly dominates all
equitably /*ekwitabli/ d 公正地；
the others. Its hegemony may even threaten the long-term survival of
公平地
the country’s African languages， spoken as the mother tongue of 80%
dominate /"dDmineit/ v•支配
of South Africans， despite the government’s repeated promises to
liegemony /higemani/ w• 支配权；
promote and protect indigenous languages and culture.
簕权
Under apartheid, there were just two official languages， English
and Afrikaans, a variant of Dutch with a dash of French, German, indigenous /m did3in9s/ /penalti/zi.处罚；罚金
admits the bill is too broadly drawn and will be hard to enforce. She
signed it, she explained, because the federal government has shown suspend /sa’spend/ v• 暂停；悬，吊
itself to be incapable of dealing with illegal immigration. enforce /in’fo:s/ v•实施
One in ten workers in Arizona is illegal, according to the Pew rigorously /Vigarasli/o^.严厉地.
Hispanic Centre. So the law, if rigorously enforced, could disrupt the
严格地
state’s economy, which suggests it will not be. One landscape gardener
disrupt /dis’rApt/ v.使中断，扰乱
in Scottsdale who worked illegally for three decades and now pays
illicit /i’lisit/fl. 违法的，不正当的
illicit workers $7 an hour thinks the measure is ridiculous. “Who else
ridiculous /ri’dikjulas/ a• 可笑的，
is going to pick lettuces and trim trees in this heat?M he asks, pointing
荒谬的
to the sun on a 47°C day. He has no plans to change his ways, and
trim /trim/ v.修剪；削减
says he will simply move if he is caught.
Laws such as Arizona’s will make life more unpleasant and curtail /k3:’teil/ v• 缩短，减缩
unpredictable for illegal workers. But they will not curtail either illegal permeable /*p3:mi9bl/fl•可渗透的
immigration or illicit working as much as supporters claim. In any aspiring /e'spaieni]/ 仏 积极的，有
case， the border has been so permeable for so long that people now
抱负的
have plenty of reasons to steal across it other than work. Of five
correspondent /.korispondant/ n.
aspiring immigrants who spoke to the correspondent in Smugglers'
通iR记者
Gulch earlier tliis week, three were trying to join their families.
• 21 •美国与墨西哥边境的非法移民
走私者峡谷名不符实：它实际上是最难潜入美国的地方之一。这条位于圣地亚哥附近的狭长山谷被一
道铁墙一分为二，由边防巡警日夜把守，他们在直升机和地感仪的帮助下追踪试图非法越境的人员拉菲尔
是一名水泥工人，他已经有五次在翻越铁墙时被抓住了 1 然而，他仍在.5.西哥这边的铁墙附近徘徊，等待夜
幕降临时试图再度越境。当问及他还会尝试多久时，“直到我成功越境，”他回答说
上周，参议院尝试解决非法移民问题，却失敗了 经多次辩论，参议院否决了一项为边境安全提供更多
资金，并允许大量非法移民获得签证的议案然而，这项参议院议案的流产并不意味着非法移民现象的消
失—— 事实上，非法移民不会消失，而是作为亟待解决的政治热点问题继续存在的确，一个很可能的结果
是，各州各城市将纷纷制定特别法案，以应对当前局势。
亚利桑那州就是如此该州州长于本周签署了一项法令，对雇用非法移民的雇主施以重罚。触犯者初次
被抓，将会被暂时吊销营业执照；如果再犯，则会被强制停业该州州长也认为此项法案涉及范围过广，因而
难以执行。她解释道，她之所以签署这项法令，是因为联邦政府的所作所为已表明它无力处理非法移民问题，
据皮尤西裔研究中心的数据，在亚利桑那州，多达1/10的工人属于非法移民. 因此，如果严格执行该项
法令，该州经济将会受到不利影响。而这也说明该法令不会严格执行。斯科茨代尔的一位园林设计师非法工
作了 30年，他现在为非法劳工支付每小时7 美元的报酬他认为该项法令简直是在开玩笑“谁还会在这么
热的天去采摘生菜、修剪树枝呢？”在一个溫度高达47°C的日子里，他指着外面的大太阳如是说他说，他目
前并没有计划换个方式谋生，如果被抓的话就干脆换个地方:
类似亚利桑那州制定的法令将使得非法劳工的生活更为艰难，前途更加叵测。但是，可以肯定的是，他
们不会像支持者要求的那样极力控制非法移民并打击非法劳务。无论如何，这条边界线长久以来都是千疮
百孔，除了谋求工作以外，人们越境还有许多其他的理由记者本周早些时候在走私者峡谷采访了 5 个试图
移民的人，其中有3 个是要与家人团聚。
11. Urban Life: A Tale of Many Cities
“The world isn’t flat,” writes Edward
核心词汇
Glaeser, “it’s paved." At any rate, most of the
places where people prefer to dwell are paved. pave /peiv/ v• 浦（路），铺筑
More than half of humanity now lives in cities,
dwell /dwel/ v.居住
and every month 5 million people move from
humanity /hjui'maenati/ n. AUS
the countryside to a city somewhere in the developing world.
prospect /prnspekt/ n. fiij K
For Mr Glaeser, a Harvard economist who grew up in Manhattan,
this is a happy prospect. He calls cities “our species’ greatest inven-
proximity/p「〇k’simiti//i.接近，亲近
tion”： proximity makes people more inventive, as bright minds feed specialisation /.spejalaizeijan/ n.
off one another; more productive, as scale gives rise to finer degrees 专门化
of specialisation, and kinder to the planet, as city-dwellers are more sprinkle /sprigkl/ v•撤
likely to go by foot, bus or train than the car-slaves of suburbia and triumph /tra丨amf/ n.胜利，成功
the sticks. He builds a strong case, too, for town-dwelling, drawing on
1||(：丨€1丨^/^:51€1丨1/<^/.清楚地，易備地
his own research as well as that of other observers of urban life. And
equation /i’kwei3an/ /»•方程式
although liberally sprinkled with statistics, Triumph of the City' is no
collaborate /ka’laebareit/ v• 合作，
dry work. Mr Glaeser writes lucidly and spares his readers the equa
协作
tions of his trade.
What makes some cities succeed? Successful places have in thrive /0raiv/ v• 兴旺，繁荣
• 22 •Part 〇 20篇题源阅读记单词
common the ability to attract people and to enable them to collaborate.
embody /im'bodi/ v.使 興 体 化 ，体 现
Yet Mr Glaeser also says they are not like Tolstoy’s happy families:
paternalism /pa'tainalizam/ n. 家
those that thrive, thrive in their own ways. Thus Tokyo is a national
长 式 统 治
seat of political and financial power. Singapore embodies a peculiar
mix of the free market, state-led industrialisation and paternalism. The prosperity/prDS’periti/n• 兴 旺 ，繁 荣
well-educated citizenries of Boston, Milan, Minneapolis and New York hackle /haekl/ /i. (p/.】脾 气 ，怒 气
have found new sources of prosperity when old ones ran out.
misery /Vmzari/ /i.痛 苦 ，悲 惨
Mr Glaeser is likely to raise hackles in three areas. The first is
slum /slAm/ /i.贫 民 窟
urban poverty in the developing world. He can see the misery of a
property /prDpati/ n• 财 产 ；房 产
slum in Kolkata， Lagos or Rio de Janeiro as easily as anyone else, but
believes that “there’s a lot to like about urban poverty" because it hence /hens/ 因 此
beats the rural kind. Cities attract the poor with the promise of a preserve /pri’z3:v/ v.保 护 ；保 存
better lot than the countryside offers. About three-quarters of Lagos's
spraw丨 /spro:l/ ；!• 杂 乱 无 序 的 扩 展
people have access to safe drinking water; the Nigerian average is less
flawed /fb:d/ a. 有 块 陷 的
than 30%. Rural West Bengal’s poverty rate is twice KolkaUTs.
progressive /pra’gresiv/ a• 进 步 的 ；
The second is the height of buildings. Mr Glaeser likes them
tall—and it’s not just the Manhattanite in him speaking. He likes low- 先 进 的
rise neighbourhoods, too， but points out that restrictions on height are reformer /ri’fo:me/ /i.改 革 者
also restrictions on the supply of space, which push up the prices of
upheaval Mp'hi:v3l//i.动 乱 ；剧 变
housing and offices. That suits those who own property already, but
hurts those who might otherwise move in, and hence perhaps the city as a whole.
So Mr Glaeser wonders whether central Paris might have benefited from a few skyscrapers. He certainly
believes that his hometown should preserve fewer old buildings. And he thinks that cities in developing
countries should build up rather than out. New downtown developments in Mumbai, he says, should rise to at
least 40 storeys.
The third, related, area is sprawl, which is promoted, especially in America, by flawed policies nationally
and locally. Living out of town may feel green, but it isn't. Americans live too far apart, drive too much and
walk too little. The tax-deductibility of mortgage interest encourages people to buy houses rather than rent Hats,
buy bigger properties rather than smaller ones and therefore to spread out. Minimum plot sizes keep folk out
of, say, Marin County, California. He says that spreading Houston has “done a better job of providing
affordable housing than all of the progressive reformers on America’s East and West coasts.”
Cities need wise government above all else， and they get it too rarely. That is one reason why, from Paris
in 1789 to Cairo in 2011， they are sources of political upheaval as well as economic advance. The reader
may wonder if Mumbai really would be better off as a city of high-rise slums rather than low-rise ones.
© @ © o
现代城市的发展之路
“世界本不是平的，”爱德华•格莱泽如是写道，“是被铺平的。”至少大部分人类喜爱居住的地方都是铺
起来的如今一半以上的人类居住在城市每个月发展中国家有500万人从农村搬到城市。
在曼哈顿长大的哈佛大学经济学家格莱泽认为，这是个美好的前景。他把城市称为“我们这一物种最伟
大的发明”：由于城市人口密集，伟大的思想互相促进，使得人们更加有创造力；生产规模扩大，促进专业分
工，有利于提高生产效率；城市居民更多地选择步行，乘坐公交或火车，不像郊区居民那样过分依赖私家车，
有利于环境保护。通过自身研究和借鉴其他城市生活观察家的研究，格莱泽对城市生活的优势作出了强有
力的论证。虽然全文充满统计数据，《城市的胜利》读来却不枯燥。格莱泽的文章清晰易懂，略去了艰涩难僅
的计算公式。
. 23 •专八阅读
为什么有些城市成功了？成功的城市有个共同点，即能够吸引人们入住并促使人们互相合作然而格莱
泽也同时认为，并非像托尔斯泰笔下的幸福家庭那样家家相似，每个成功的城市都各有各的成功之道，因
此，东京是日本的政治和金融中心。新加坡则奇妙地混合了自由市场，国家主导的工业化和家长式管理在
波士顿，在米兰，在明尼阿波里斯，在纽约，一旦旧的繁荣的源头枯竭，受过良好教育的居民总能寻觅到新的
繁荣之源
格莱泽很可能会在以下三个方面引起争议，首先是发展中国家城市的贫困现象在印度的加尔各答，尼
日利亚的拉各斯，或者巴西的里约热内卢的贫民窟里，民不聊生，和其他所有人一样，格莱泽对这一点心知
肚明，但却认为“城市的贫困现象还是有喜人之处的"，因为好歹强过农村的贫困问題城市吸引贫困人 口 ，
因为相对于农村，城市可能会给人们带来更好的命运拉各斯约四分之三的人口能够获得安全的饮用水，而
尼日利亚的全国平均水平还不到30%....孟加拉西部农村的贫困人口比例是加尔各答的两倍
第二个方面是建筑的高度格莱泽喜欢高层建筑，并且，用他的话说，并不只是在曼哈顿。格莱泽也喜欢
低层的住宅区，但同时指出，限制建筑高度的同时其实也限制了空间供给，从而导致住房和写字楼价格上
涨 ，这对已经拥有房产的人来说是件好事，但伤害了那些本来准备买房入住的人，因此从整体上来说损害城
市的发展，
所以格莱泽试图了解，巴黎市中心的摩天大楼是否使其获益他当然认为曼哈顿应该少保留些老旧建
筑，他还认为发展中国家的城市不该向外扩建，而该多建高楼孟买市中心的新楼房至少应该建40层，他如
是说。
第三个方面是由国家和地方政策缺陷引起的无计划的城市扩张，特别是在美国住在郊区或许听起来
挺环保，但事实并非如此，美国人住处相隔太远，驾车多，步行少。按揭利息减税政策下，比起租房，人们更愿
意买房，比起小房子，更愿意买大房子，城市也因此获得扩张。土地规模有•限，迫使人口向郎区流动，比如加
州的马林郡。在格莱泽看来，休斯敦在扩张中，“在提供经济适用房方面，比美国东西海岸城市扩张的先进改
革者做得都要好”。
城市最需要的是英明的政府，可是英明的政府大少了。也正因为如此，城市带来经济发展的同时，也孕
育了政治动乱，如 1789年的巴黎和2011年的开罗读者们或许会想知道，如果孟买贫民窟的房子建的高
些，状况会不会好些。
12. Lawrence of Arabia:
Prince of His Disorder
来源：The Economist Lawrence of Arabia is a modem myth. The 核心词汇
subject of more than 100 books, several of
The them full-length biographies, Lawrence is best boost /bu:st/ v.提高；推动；宣扬
Economist remembered from David Lean's 1%2 epic film, warlike/*wo:laik/fl.好战的
which did much to boost his heroic reputation,
scholarly /skDlali/ a• 博学的；有学
although at the expense of strict historical accuracy. T.E. Lawrence
者风度的
was, and remains, a controversial, contradictory character, both warlike
hermit/*h3:mit/；i.隐士，隐居者
and scholarly, vain and modest, part showman, part hermit; he was
ambitious yet racked with self-doubt and guilt. Michael Korda's mag rack /raek/ v• 使痛苦;使努力
nificent new biography examines in a new way the man Jan Morris enigmatic /.enig’maetik/ <1. 神秘的
has called a “confused and enigmatic exhibitionist”. preconception /.pri:kansepjan/ n.
Mr Korda blows away the preconceptions that cloud much of the
先入之见
existing literature on Lawrence. He tells the story of Lawrence's early
illegitimacy /•ili’d3itimasi/ n♦ 私生
life, of his illegitimacy and his difficult relationship with his mother,
solely/sauHi/失败
highly mobile units, forcing it to defend itself along a huge front. notorious /neu’to:rias/ a•臭名昭著
Likewise, Lawrence became a master of the set-piece engagement一 的
although on a small scale—as his victory over the Turkish army at
strand/straend/；!•(线等的）缕；一个
Tafileh in January 1918 so amply demonstrated.
组成部分
Once the war was over， Lawrence continued the struggle for an
enlist /in’list/ v• 参军，入伍
independent Arab state at the Versailles conference. His aspirations
assumed /a’sju:md/ 假装的，假的
foundered on the rocks of British and French colonial ambition,
notably the twin reefs of the notorious Sykes-Picot agreement of 1916
irresistible /.iri’zistabl/ a.不可抗拒
and the Balfour Declaration of 1917. Mr Korda argues that Lawrence 的
was “partly responsible” for the formation of modem Iraq and Jordan limelight /laimlait/ /I.众人注葸的
and played a substantial role in *4the creation of Palestine as a separate 焦点
entity”. This eased his conscience for having encouraged the Arab
phase /feiz/ n•阶段
revolt, but it is also his legacy to the present.
humdrum /hAmdrAm/ 平淡的，
A central strand of the Lawrentian myth was his decision in
平凡的
1922, at the height of his fame, to enlist under an assumed name as a
anonymity /.aena.mmiti/ /i. 无名，
lowly aircraftman in the Royal Air Force (RAF), where he remained
almost until his death in a motorcycle accident in 1935. Lawrence's 匿名
reputation and apparently irresistible newsworthiness were a constant sever /seva/ v•切断
embarrassment to the RAF. At one point he was posted to India for nurture /Vi3:tja/ v• 养育，培育
two years to remove him from the limelight.
testament /testament/ 证明
Mr Korda is especially good on this lasl phase of Lawrence's life,
compulsive /kam’pAlsiv/ 仏 令人狞
when despite his desire for humdrum anonymity he was unable to
迷的，禁不住的
bring himself wholly to sever the links with his former life. Thus he
hypnotic /hip'nDtik/ 亿 催眠(术)的，
would arrive on his motorcycle at the grandest houses in the uniform
安眠的
of an RAF rank-and-filer and nurture his friendships with the powerful
and famous， including Winston Churchill and George Bernard Shaw.
allure/a’ljua/n.诱惑，魅力
The breadth of his friendships is testament to Lawrence's compulsive, twitch /twitJV n•痉挛，抽搐
almost hypnotic allure. Mr Korda also deals interestingly with the assert /9's3:t/ v. 断言；坚持
complicated origin of Lawrence’s great book, "Seven Pillars of
•sweeping/swhpirya•全面的
Wisdom”， which reveals much of its author’s contradictory, even
glamorous/glaemeres/fl.迷人的
contrary，motivations.
Mr Korda’s prose skips along through 700 pages but he cannot
resist the biographer's twitch of making pointless, speculative claims for his subject. Thus the reader is told
that on a visit to Egypt in 1912 Lawrence **may be the only visitor to pass through Cairo without bothering to
see the Pyramids”. Likewise, Mr Korda asserts that Lawrence “may have been the only person in 20th-century
Britain who was just as much at ease with King George V as with some RAF recruits”. This apart, “Hero” isS 专八阅读
a wonderfully intelligent，sweeping and highly readable account of the life and achievements of one of
Britain's most glamorous yet complex and mysterious colonial fighters.
阿拉伯的劳伦斯
阿拉伯的劳伦斯是一个现代神话。以他为主题的著作有1(X)多本，其中好几本是长篇传记。1962年大
卫.里恩拍极的t 诗电影让劳伦斯闻名于世，这部电影不惜牺牲历史的严密性和精确性来竭力突出他的英
雄 形 象 托 马 斯 .爱德华•劳伦斯过去是，现在仍然是一个颇具争议性、充满了矛盾的人物。他既好战又具有
学者气质，既自负又谦逊，有时爱出风头有时又喜欢隐逸遁世；他野心勃勃，但又受自我怀疑和内疚感的折
磨 简•莫里斯将他称为•‘谜一般的表现主义者”，而迈克尔•科达则在新出版的传记巨著中对他进行了新的
审视。
迈克尔.科达抛开了现有文献对劳伦斯的先入之见以及困扰先前研究的精神分析式的猜想，客观
地介绍了劳伦斯早期的生活经历，介绍了劳伦斯作为私生子和母亲之间的僅硬关系。
这本书的核心部分是劳伦斯1916年 到 1918年在阿拉伯民族大起义中所发挥的作用，这也是他充满传
奇色彩的英雄事迹的开端。科达对劳伦斯发挥的作用进行了不偏不倚的介绍，指出尽管他不是唯一一个引
起这场起义的人，但他杰出的领导力，他的勇气和耐力给这场运动提供了必要的凝聚力和推动力。劳伦斯是
一个学者，没有接受过正规的军事训练，但他却深谙各种常规的和反常规的军事策略3他和骆驼上的贝都因
人一起反抗土耳其人的战斗充分显示了游击战的作战原则，贝都因人以高度机动的小支部队袭击敌人，迫
使敌人延长战线进行抵抗。劳伦斯也成为了定位进攻的专家—— 尽管只是小规模的定位进攻。他 在 19丨8 年
1 月袭击塔菲勒的土耳其军队取得的胜利充分显示了这一点。
战争结束后，劳伦斯继续在凡尔赛和会上为阿拉伯国家独立而努力。由于英国和法国的殖民野心，特别
是丨916年签署的臭名昭著的《赛克斯- 皮科协定》和 1917年的《贝尔福宣言>,他的抱负以失敗告终。科达指
出，劳伦斯在一定程度上促成了现代伊拉克和约旦的成立，而且对巴勒斯坦的独立起了非常重要的作用。这
减轻了他因鼓励阿拉伯起义而感到的良心不安，但这也是他留给我们的遗产。
劳伦斯神话的一个核心部分是他在1922年做的决定，那时他风头正盛，但他却以假名加入英国皇家空
军，成为一名普通的空军士兵，他在英国皇家空军一直服役到1935年他因摩托车事故意外身亡。劳伦斯的
名气和明显无法抗拒的新闻价值一直令英国皇家空军非常尴尬。他一度被派往印度两年以逃避聚光灯的
骚扰。
科达对劳伦斯后期生活的记述特别深刻。在那段时间，尽管他希望过默默无名的普通生活，但他却无法
使自己完全割断和以前生活的联系。因此，他才会穿着皇家空军普通士兵的制服骑着摩托车往返于各种富
丽堂皇的场所，和丘吉尔、乔治•箫伯纳等英国的权贵名人为友，劳伦斯交友广泛，这也证明了他那令人难以
抗拒，几乎是令人着迷的魅力。科达也饶有趣味地记述了劳伦斯巨著《智慧的七根柱》令人费解的写作缘由。
《智慧的七根柱》在很大程度上揭示了劳伦斯各种矛盾甚至是对立的行为动机。
科达写的传记有700页，但他仍然不能抵住传记作家常犯的错谈，即对人物进行毫无意义的推测和解
说 ，因此读者会看到作者讲到1912年的埃及之旅时，说劳伦斯“也许是唯一一个经过开罗而没去看金字塔
的游客”。同样，科达断言劳伦斯“可能是20世纪英国唯一一位在面对国王乔治五世和面对一群皇家空军新
兵时样洒脱自若的人„除开这一点，< 英雄》这本书全面记述了这位英国最具魅力，同时又最复杂最神秘的
殖民斗士的一生和成就，该书笔法巧妙，记叙全面，语言浅显易读，是难得的佳作。
• 26 ,Part 〇 20篇题源阅读记单词
13. Turkey’s Great Leap Forward Risks n
Cultural and Environmental Bankruptcy
Every springtime Pervin Coban Savran
来源:The Guardian 核 心 词 汇 ：
takes her camels and sheep up into the Taurus
theguardian mountains of southern Turkey, following the nomadic /neu'maedik/ a• 游牧的，
same routes along the Goksu river that Yoruk
流浪的
people like her have taken for more than 1,000 ccmr.! , /serTti:neri/ w.
—百周年
years. To many Turks these last nomadic tribes are symbols of the
纪念
soul of their nation. Their way of life—and that of millions of small
加 iuific /d3ai.gaentik/ a •巨大的
farmers一is being threatened by Turkey’s Great Leap Forward, one of
seisniknllv /saizmikali/ d
地震
the most dramatic and potentially devastating rushes for economic de
velopment and prosperity Europe has seen in decades. 地
:• /"prautataip/
Thousands of dam and hydropower schemes are being built on al «.原塑
most all of the main rivers in a push to make Turkey a world eco rtmtH /ri’aekta/ /i •反应器
nomic power by the centenary of the republic in 2023.
fault /f3: It/ n•断屋
The ruling AK party, is forcing through a series of gigantic public
prom、/praun/ (to )易于 .. 的
works projects that include three nuclear power plants—despite Turkey
mei*al〇[t • , /.mega'lopalis/ n .特
being one of the most seismically active nations on earth.
The first plant, a prototype Russian reactor on the Mediterranean 大都市
coast near the port of Mersin, is close to a highly active fault line. A harness /*ha:ms/ v•治理
second, Japanese-built, plant will soon follow on the Black Sea near dcMTlifiCittion /•diz3:tifi’keijan/
the city of Sinop. /i.荒漠化，沙漠化
Prime minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan raised eyebrows across the
depopulation /dii.popjuleijan/ n.
world last month by promising to cut a 40-mile canal between the
人口减少
Black Sea and Marmara to relieve the dangerously overcrowded
latitude /*lsetitju:d/ /i. 自主权
Bosphorus strait, an idea even he calls his “crazy plan”.
He has since topped that by revealing a blueprint for two new
evict /I’vikt/ v.(依法）驱逐（房客）；赶
cities to relieve earthquake-prone Istanbul. Critics say they will only 出
further extend Europe’s largest megalopolis, home already to nearly 17 /eks’prauprieit/ v•征
million people.
用，没收
It is Erdogan's declaration that Turkey’s rivers must no longer
steammller /sthiureula/ v•用压
“run in vain” and 100% of its hydroelectric potential be harnessed
路机压平
over the next 12 years that has environmentalists most worried. They
umbrella group伞状体，指各种团
claim that the rush for hydropower is likely to be even more damaging
to Turkey’s delicate ecological balance， where desertification and de 体联合在一起的组织
population are already problems. ride roughshod over...欺凌；H G
Hundreds of private companies have been given extraordinary lati 蹂躏
tude to evict villagers, expropriate private land, clear state forests and /.bai9udai’v3:S9ti/ /i.
steamroller normal planning restrictions to meet the target of 4,000
生物多样性
hydroelectric schemes by 2023. Protestors claim licences have been
; /"staendof//j.個持，和局
granted on highly favourable terms， guaranteeing investors four decades
(kspoi! /di'spoil/ v•破坏
of clear profit.
The Turkish Water Assembly, an umbrella group researching the \UIk t /wi5e/v•(使）枯萎，（使）调
impact of the push for more power, argued that 2 million people could 谢
be displaced by the hydropower schemes alone. They accuse the gov-
• 27 •专八阅读
eminent of riding roughshod over human rights, and Turkey’s com
irrigate Angeit/ v. 灌溉
mitments to preserving its extraordinary biodiversity and cultural her
barren /"baeran/fl.贫瘠的，荒芜的
itage, in the name of energy security.
Demonstrators intent on converging on Ankara from five comers break ranks (与所厲tfl体）决裂
of the country are still being prevented from reaching the capital after rtick丨ess /Veklas/a. ft莽的
a week-long standofT with riot police outside Ankara. Many， like the
brook /bruk/ ；!.小溪
Yoruks, had been walking for two months as a part of the Great
turbine /t3:bain/ n.涡轮机
March of Anatolia, a movement sparked by anger at the hydro plans
but which has come to embody growing anxiety that the country is
tributary /t「丨bjutan/ n•支流
being despoiled in the rush for growth. pasture /"pa:stja/ n. 牧场
Erdogan has so far been withering of critics of his Great Leap
Forward, accusing them of holding Turkey back. He argued that the hydro projects will bring thousands of
jobs to the underdeveloped east, irrigate barren land and reverse the wave of migration to the more prosper
ous west.
Tourism minister Ertugrul Gunay appeared to break ranks, warning that **if the hydroelectric energy pro
jects are carried out in a reckless manner, cutting out each brook, levelling each mountain and destroying
forests just to be able to produce a few watts of energy, tourism would be an impossible dreamparticularly
in the Black Sea region.
Each hydro scheme is allowed to take 90% of the water out of a section of river, leaving the remaining
10% as “lifeline support”. After the water travels through the turbines， it is returned to the river， but farmers
say much of the water is either lost, polluted or has had the “life taken out of it”.
For Yoruks such as Pervin Coban Savran it is their very survival that is in question. **Nobody in parlia
ment has shown any interest in our cause/* she said. “They don’t love life, only money. These dams are
bringing about our end. Our culture is being destroyed.N Hydroelectric projects on the tributaries of the Goksu
river have already severely damaged traditional pastures, she said. 4*It has affected us very quickly. But in the
end, everyone else will suffer too."
© @ © @
土耳其大跃进对其文化和环境的破坏
每年春天，普汶.科班•萨夫兰会赶着她的骆驼和羊群，迁徙到土耳其南部的托罗斯山脉，走的是像她那
样的约鲁克人沿哥克苏河走了 1000多年的路线。对很多土耳其人而言，这些最后的游牧部落是土耳其人民
族灵魂的象征之一。但他们的生活方式—— 几百万小农的生活方式—— 正受到土耳其大跃进的成胁。这次
大跃进是欧洲几十年来规模最大、最具毀灭性的一次冒进式的追求经济发展和繁荣的运动。
为了在2023年土耳其共和国成立100周年时成为世界经济强国，土耳其几乎所有的主干河流都在大
兴水坝和水电站。
尽管土耳其是地球上地震最沽跃的国家之一，执政党AK党还是强行通过了包括建三个核电站在内的
一系列大型公共工程项目。
第一个核电站是一个典型的俄式反应堆，将建在地中海沿岸梅尔辛港口附近，紧挨一个高度活跃的断
层线。第二个核电准备由日本人建造，核电站将很快在黑海靠近锡诺普市地区动工。
雷杰普.塔伊普•埃尔多安总理上月提出将开凿一条连接黑海与马尔马拉海的40英里长的运河，以緩
解目前博斯普鲁斯海峡过度拥堵这一危险性状况。埃尔多安甚至将这一想法称为“疯狂的计划”。这一计划
的提出引来了全世界的非议。
此外，埃尔多安还透露将计划建两座新的城市以缓解地震频发的伊斯坦布尔的压力，这进一步强化了
他的“疯狂计划"。批评者说，伊斯坦布尔已有1700万人，再建两座城市只是进一步扩大了这座欧洲最大的
城市而已。
• 28 •Part 〇 20篇题源阅读记单词，
埃尔多安日前宣称，不应该让土耳其河流的水资源白白浪费，而应在未来12年 里 100% 发挥其水电潜
力，这引起了环保人士的担忧他们称，土耳其的土壤沙漠化和人口流失已经很成问题，盲目修建水力发电
站可能对土耳其脆弱的生态平衡造成更大的破坏。
土耳其计划到2023年建造4000座水力发电站。为了实现这一目标，成百上千的私人公司被授权驱赶
指定地区村民、没收私人土地、砍伐国有森林，将该地区压成标准的规划区。反对者称政府给了这些公司非
常优厚的条件，并且保证投资者40年的投资净收益。 •
土耳其水利委员会（一个研究急于修建大量水电站所带来的影响的伞状组织）称，为了修建这些水力发
电工程，200万人会被迫迁移他们指责政府以能源安全的名义篾视人权，罔顾土耳其对保存该国生物多样
性和文化遗产作出的承诺
全国各地的示威者决心会聚到安卡拉向政府抗议，他们在安卡拉城外和防暴警察对峙了 一周，但仍然
无法进入首都许多人，比如约鲁克人，参与了安纳托利亚大游行，已经走了两个月的路了。人们对水电站计
划的愤怒引发了这场运动，但现在人们开始越来越焦虑，担心政府追求大跃进式的发展给国家带来破坏。
埃尔多安到目前为止一直在对反对其大跃进的批评者进行回击，指责他们是在阻碍土耳其的发展。他
认为，这些工程将为土耳其不发达的东部地区带来成千上万的新工作，灌溉更多荒地，并阻止人流继续向更
发达的西部地区涌入。
土耳其旅游部长埃尔图鲁尔.居纳的观点却与之背道而驰，他警告说：“如果贸然开展水电能源工程，仅
仅为了多发几瓦电，就切断每条溪流，铲平每座山，摧毁大片森林，旅游的发展便会成为一个无法实现的
梦，”特别是在黑海地区。
每项水电工程计划都获准从一个河段中抽出90%的水，只留下]0%作为人们的赖以生存的“生命线”。
水会通过涡轮机再回到河里，但农民们说，经过了这一过程，大部分水要么会流失掉，要么受到污染，要么就
是水中的“生命精华已经被取出来了”。
对于像普汶•科班•萨夫兰这样的约鲁克人来说，他们的生存成了问题:，“议会里没有人关心我们的生
活，”她说，“他们不重视生命，只看重金钱u这些大坝将导致生命终结，我们的文化将被毁掉。”建在哥克苏河
支流的水力发电站已经严重破坏了传统的牧场，她说，“水电站在短时间内就给我们的生活带来了影响。但
到最后，这个国家的其他每个人都会受到影响。 ”
14. The Ruined Village
Palestinians Will Never Forget
In the soft golden light of a late spring
核 心 词 汇 ；
evening, as yellow flowers are beginning to
bloom on giant cacti, Yacoub Odeh climbs up cactus /kaektas/ n. iA\X^{pL cacti )
through knee-high grass to the ruin that was his nimble /nimbi/ a.敏捷的
childhood home. For a man in his eighth fissure /fij"a/ /i.裂缝，裂隙
decade, he is surprisingly nimble as he navigates ancient stones that
sapling /saeplii]/ if• 树苗，幼树
litter the ground. But behind his light step is the weight of painful
’idyllic “ dilik/ a .田园诗般的
memories of a lost youth and a fading history.
almond /aimend/ n.
“Here is my house,” he says, sitting on the remains of a stone
wall in whose fissure wild flowers and saplings cling. “Now only the fig/fig/ ；!• 无花果（树）
comers remain. Here is the outdoor oven where my mother used to f ringe /fnnd3/ /i.边缘
bake bread. The smell! ”
bustling /bAslir]/ a• 繁忙的，熙熙攘
With distant eyes, he describes an idyllic childhood in a place he
攘的
calls paradise, where families helped one another and children played
embroiderj /im’broidari/ w.剌绣
freely amid almond and fig trees and on the rocks around the village’s
• 29 •专八阅读
natural spring. narrative /naerstiv/ /i•讲述
The place is Lifta, an Arab village on the north-western fringes of
momentous/mau’mentas/fl•取要
Jerusalem, for centuries a prosperous, bustling community built around
的，重大的
agriculture, traditional embroidery, trade and mutual support. But since
expel /ik.spel/ v•把......开除；驱逐
1948, shortly before the state of Israel was declared, it has been de
tarmac /tcrmaek/ /i. 沥靑
serted. The population, according to the Palestinian narrative of that
momentous year, was expelled by advancing Jewish soldiers; the peo erase /i'reiz/ v . 擦掉，淸除
ple abandoned their homes, say the Israeli history books. vestige /*vestid3//i.痕迹；遗迹，残
Lifta was one of hundreds of Arab villages taken over by the
余
newly-built Jewish state. But it is the only one not to have been sub
bulldozer /*buldauza/ /i. 推土机
sequently covered in the concrete and tarmac of Israeli towns and
boutique /bu:’ti:k/ /i•褚品店
roads, or planted over with trees and shrubs to create forests, parks
fury /fjuari/n• 杆:怒;狂暴
and picnic areas, or transformed into Israeli artists' colonies. Some ar
gue that Israel set out to erase any vestige of Palestinian roots in the rambling /Vaembliq/fl.漫步的
new country. catastrophe /ka'taestrafi/ n.
Now, 63 years on, the ruins of Lifta are finally facing the threat 谁
of bulldozers and concrete mixers. A long-term proposal to sell the
municipality/mju:.nisi’paeliti/ w.市
state-owned land for the construction of luxury housing units and a
政府
boutique hotel on the site is awaiting the authorities’ final approval. It
deem /di:m/ v•认为
has caused a fury. Opponents of the plan include those who believe
sanctuar.、/*saer]ktjuari//i• 避难所，
Lifta should be preserved as a monument to history; those who want
to retain its charming environs as a rambling spot; and those—Odeh 庇护所
among them—who insist that one day they will return and reclaim de facto /.dei ’faektau/ al 实际上的
their homes. rambler /Vaembla/ /i.漫步者
For many Palestinians, Lifta is a symbol of the Nakba， literally
illicit /i'hsit/fl• 违法的，不正当的
the “catastrophe”，of 1948 in which 700,000 people were dispossessed.
orthodox /*〇:8adnks/fl. ft统的；正
It embodies their longing for their land, and their bitterness at their
统的
continued refugee status. It is, wrote Palestinian author Ghada Karmi,
graffiti /gr9，fi:ti:/ n• 涂写，涂画
•‘a physical memory of injustice and survival”.
The development plan was approved by the Jerusalem municipali fragmented Araegmentid/ •成碎
ty five years ago， but earlier this year the Israel Lands Administra 片的，片段的
tion—the state agency that took ownership of Lifta's land under the twilight Awailait/ /«• S 年时期
Israeli law governing property deemed to be abandoned一began mar
impassioned /im’paejand/ a•充满
keting the plot to private developers. A legal challenge stayed the ten
激情的
der process, but a decision is due any day on whether to proceed. The
countenance /"kauntinsns/ v. 支
proposal is for 212 luxury housing units, expected to be advertised to
持，鼓励
wealthy expatriate R.) Jews, a chic hotel and shops, and a museum.
It suggests that some of the ruins be restored. But Lifta as a sanctuary and de facto heritage site will be lost.
Alongside the ramblers, drug-users and illicit lovers frequent the ruins. Crowds of ultra-orthodox Jewish
teenage boys, stripped to their underwear, swim in the spring, and light barbecues on the rocks. Graffiti scars
many of the fragmented walls. For Odeh, this is distressing. “Why should they have free access to my home
when I am stopped by security guards and questioned about my right to be here/' he asks. “When I see these
people coming here, I feel sorrow and anger/*
Now, in his twilight years, he is as impassioned as ever about his home. uWe will never forget nor for
give the destruction of our village. Lifta is in our memory and in our history. It is our fathers’ and grandfa
thers’ graveyard. The spring, the trees, the land—we will never forget it.”
He is unshakeable in his belief in the Palestinians9 right to return to their homes—something that cannot
• 30 •Part 〇 20篇题源阅读记单词
be countenanced by Israel because it would threaten the state's Jewish majority and hence its Jewish nature.
“We still dream of coming back，” says Odeh. But he knows time may be running out. “Lifta is an eyewitness
to history, to what happened in the Nakba. If we can’t come back， then leave the village to this history.”
© © © © — = — —— =
永不遗忘的废墟
晚春的一个傍晚，在柔和的金色阳光的照耀下，巨型仙人掌正慢慢绽放出黄色的花朵，此时，雅各布.奥
德赫爬过及膝的草丛来到这片废墟，这是他童年的家尽管年逾八旬，雅各布在走过堆在地上的这些年代久
远的大石块时，身手仍然出人意料地敏捷但在他轻盈的步伐背后是对失去的青春和消逝的历史沉重而痛
苦的回忆。
“这是我家的房子，”他坐在一块石墙的废墟上说道，墙的缝隙里野花和树苗生长依旧，“现在只剩这些
角落还在。这是户外烤箱，我母亲过去常常在这里烤面包。哦,味道还在！ ”
双眼凝视着远方，他讲起了他幸福的童年生活。在一个他称之为天堂的地方，邻里间互帮互助，孩子们
在杏树和无花果树丛里嬉戏，在村子天然温泉周围的岩石上自由玩耍。
这个地方便是利弗塔，耶路撒冷西北边陲的一个阿拉伯村。几个世纪以来，这个地方一直繁荣、喧闹，经
济以农业、传统刺绣、贸易为主，人与人之间相互扶持。但 自 194«年，以色列宣布建国前不久，这个地方便被
遗弃了根据巴勒斯坦人对那动荡不安的一年的说法，那里的人是被进驻的犹太士兵驱逐出去的；而以色列
历史书上则说，是这些人遗弃了自己的家园3
利弗塔是刚成立的以色列共和国占领的数百个阿拉伯村庄之一。但它是唯-----个随后没有被布满以色
列城镇和道路的钢筋混凝土和柏油覆盖的地方，这里也没有种上树木和灌木来造森林，建公园和野餐区，或
者变成以色列艺术家的领地。有人认为，以色列那时已经在着手清除这个浙国家中任何巴勒斯坦的痕迹了
现在，63年过去了，利弗塔废墟终要面临推土机和混凝土搅拌机的成胁了。很长一段时间以来，一直有
人提议出售这块国有土地，用以建造豪华住宅和精品酒店，现在这项提议正在等有关当局的最终批准，这引
起了公众的极大愤怒。该计划的反对者中，一些人认为利弗塔应作为一个历史纪念碑保存起来；一些人想将
这个迷人的郊区留作消闲散步的地方；还有一些人—— 就像奥德赫—— 坚持认为终有一天他们会重返这
里，收回自己的家园。
对许多巴勒斯坦人而言，利弗塔是19你 年 “大灾难”的象征。在这场浩劫中，有 70万人失去了家园，利
弗塔体现了他们对自己家园的渴望，体现了他们在后来的日子中一直身为难民的痛苦。巴勒斯坦作家葛哈
达•卡米在其著作中写道：“利弗塔代表了关于不公和幸存的实实在在的记忆”
五年前耶路撒冷市政府批准了这项发展计划，但今年早些时候，以色列土地管理局—— 根据以色列管
理被遗弃土地的相关法律享有利弗塔土地所有权的国家机构—— 开始向私人开发商销售这块地。因这一做
法有违法律，投标过程一度搁浅，但说不准哪一天政府便会对该计划是否可以进行下去作裁定。该提案建议
修建212套豪华住宅，预计将售给富有的犹太侨民，同时修建一家豪华酒店，建一些商铺，再建一个博物馆
该提议称，如此一来，这片废墟将部分获得重建，但利弗塔会失去其作为避难所和历史文化遗址的价值。
除了来此散步的人，吸毒者和不法分子也经常光临这片废墟。一群群极端正统的犹太少年会脱掉他们
的衣服，穿着短裤在温泉里游泳，在岩石上烧烤。残垣断壁上到处是乱涂乱画的痕迹。对于奥德赫来说，这很
令 人 痛 心 “为什么他们可以随随便便就到我家来，而我却要被保安人员拦住，质疑我进入这里的权利，”他
问道。“看到这些人来到这里，我感到悲哀和愤怒。 ”
现在，虽已至垂暮之年，他对家园依然充满激情。“我们永远不会忘记，也不会原谅破坏我们家园的行
为 ，利弗塔永远存在于我们的记忆里，存在于我们的历史里。它是我们的父亲和祖父的墓地。这里的温泉，
这里的一草一木，每一寸土地—— 我们永远也不会忘记。 ”
他坚信巴勒斯坦人有权回到他们的家园—— 但这是以色列不允许的，因为这会给这个国家的大多数犹
太人带来威胁，进而成胁到这个国家的犹太性“我们仍然梦想着能回来，”奥德赫说。但他知道他们可能没
有这样的机会了。“利弗塔见证了历史，见证了 1948大浩劫中发生的一切。如果我们不能回来，那么就把这
个村庄留给历史吧： ”
• 31 •专八阅读
C/^ 15. The War on Drugs9 Female Victim
For nearly two years, Marisela Escobedo
核心词汇
Ortiz led a one-woman campaign to bring the
theguardian murderer of her 16-year-old daughter to justice. c ； mi|)iiij>n /kaempein/ n.
Ms Escobedo was outraged after a three-judge outrage /*autreid3/ v
• 激 怒
panel ignored overwhelming evidence pointing panel /*paen3l/f
；• 专 门 小 组
to her daughter's then boyfriend， a member of a criminal gangs Sergio
overwhelming /.auva'welmiQ/ a.
Barraza, as the killer. The judges’ decision was eventually over
压 倒 性 的
turned一but not before Barraza was released and Escobedo herself
overturn /.auva’t3:n/v.(
murdered this past December, while protesting in front of the Chi 使 ）翻 转 ；
颠播
huahua state governor's office.
Escobedo's death was recorded by a security camera and broadcast suspension /saspenjan/ n .暂
throughout the country, outraging the Mexican public and leading to 停 职
the suspension of the three judges involved in the original trial. Her representative /•repri’zentativ/
仏
case is not only representative of the impunity with which activists (
〇/)有 代 表 性 的
are silenced in Mexico, but also highlights the marked increase in vio impunity /im’pju:niti/ n
• 免 受 惩 罚
lence toward women as the country has been drawn deeper into its
highlight /hailait/ v
• 突 出
battle with organised crime.
unbeknown /.Anbi'inaun/ a
Since President Calderon began to take on Mexico’s crime in • 未 知
2(H)6, the country's drug war has taken a total of 34,612 lives, nearly 的 ，不 为 人 知 的
half of which were claimed solely in 2010. Unbeknown to many, the coincide /.kauin'said/ v . 同 时 发
deaths resulting from organized crime have also coincided with the
生 ；相 符
murder of over 4,(KX) women since 2006 from causes unrelated to the callous /kaelas/ a.
无 情 的 ，冷 酷 的
nation’s drug war. While violence toward women is not new to Mexi negligena /*neglid39ns//i. 疏忽
co, the estimated number of female deaths suggests a callous disregard
epidemic /.epi’clemik/ /i•流传
by Mexico’s government of this growing phenomenon.
downplay /.daun'plei/ v. RF fS......
The authorities’ negligence is especially evident in Escobedo's na
的®要性，贬低
tive state of Chihuahua， home to the notorious Ciudad Juarez, where
according to human rights organizations， femicides rose by 130% be
denionstrate /demanstreit/ v•论
tween 2009 and 2010, resulting in a total of 446 murdered women on 证；说明
ly last year. This worsening epidemic has led local authorities through candidate /"kaendidit/ /i.候选人
out the country to downplay the mounting violence by misclassifying clash /klaej/ v•冲突
murders, attributing deaths to drug violence, or simply under-report the
locralit . /lai/kaeliti/zi• 位SL 地点
figures.
prosecutor /prosikji^ta/ w•检察
This national campaign of misinformation seems to be primarily
motivated by electoral politics, as was recently demonstrated by Mexi 官
co state governor—and leading presidential candidate for the Institu
lobby，lDbi/v.对（议员）进行游说
tional Revolutionary Party (PRI)—Enrique Pena Nieto. Earlier this designation /.dezig'neiJan/ n. 称
month, authorities in Mexico state clashed with NGOs seeking to de 号;任命
clare a “gender emergency” in the locality after federal prosecutors condemnation /.kondemneijsn/
announced that over 90() women had been murdered in the state during
«•谴责
the past five years. This figure would make Mexico state one of the
domestic /da'mestik/fl.国内的
most violent in the nation, and likely damage the closely guarded im
ohscuit /ab'skjua/ v. 使模糊
age of governor Pena Nieto. The government of Pena Nieto succeeded
in lobbying national authorities to avoid applying the “gender emer- tol丨/taul/ n. 伤亡人数
• 32 •Part 〇 20篇题源阅读记单词
gency” designation to his state, prompting the condemnation of do
embassy /'embasi/ /i.大使馆
mestic and international NGOs.
conflict /"kDnflikt/ n• 冲突；战争
While Mexico^ authorities might continue to successfully obscure
intent /in’tent/fl.专心的；急切的
the extent of the country’s increasing violence toward women， the ris
ing death toll and public outrage make this task increasingly difficult. muddle /VnAdl/ v.弄乱;使糊涂
Ms Escobedo’s death， along with that of activist Susana Chavez earlier this month, have already sparked
protests throughout Mexico and at Mexican embassies around the world, as well as bringing mounting interna
tional criticism.
As Mexico enters its fifth year of conflict and escalating militarisation, the country's ability to ensure ba
sic protections for its citizens—and, in particular, for those most at risk—has never been less certain. If Mexi
co^ political class is intent on improving its reputation for governance, it should focus less on muddling with
the figures and more on resolving the nation's problems.
© © © 〇
毒品犯罪中的妇女受害者保卫战
近两年来，玛丽塞拉•埃斯科贝多•奥尔蒂斯独自一人领导了一场运动，将谋害她16岁女儿的凶手绳之
以法。那时有大量的证据显示她女儿是被她当时的男友塞尔吉奥•巴拉扎，一个犯罪团伙成员所杀，而三人
法官组却对这些证据视而不见，这让埃斯科贝多极为愤怒。法官的判决最终被推翻了—— 但这是在巴拉扎
被释放，埃斯科贝多去年丨2 月在奇瓦瓦州州长办公室前抗议时被杀害之后。
埃斯科贝多被害的情景被监控录像录了下来，随后在全国各地播出，这激怒了墨西哥公众，导致原审中
的三名法官被停职她的案子不仅代表了墨西哥有罪不罚的现状（对此墨西哥的激进分子是保持沉默的），
同时也显示出，随着国家与有组织犯罪斗争的深入，妇女遭受的暴力明显增加
自从2006年总统卡尔德龙开始负责打击国内犯罪以来，该国的缉毒斗争已使总共34612人失去生命，
其中近一半死于2010年。很多人不知道的是，在有组织犯罪造成大量人员死亡的同时，自2006年起，还有
4«00多名妇女死于与缉毒斗争无关的其他一些因素。虽然对妇女的暴力行为在墨西哥并不鲜见，但这个粗
略估计的女性死亡人数表明墨西哥政府对这一日益严重的现象的麻木与漠视。
当局的忽视在埃斯科贝多所在的奇瓦瓦州尤其明显，在该州臭名昭著的华雷斯市，根据人权组织的调
查，女性被害的案件在2009至2010年期间上升了 130%,仅在去年就共有446名妇女被害。这种残害妇女
的行为日益严重，使得全国各地的地方当局进行淡化处理，他们或者对谋杀案进行错误分类，将这些妇女的
被害归咎于毒品犯罪，或者直接少报教字。
这种欺瞒国民的行为似乎主要是受选举政治的驱使，就好像最近发生在墨西哥州州长，革命制度党总
统候选人恩里克.佩尼亚.涅托身上的事件一样本月初，墨西哥州当局与非政府组织发生冲突，因为在联邦
检察官宣布在过去五年里该州有900多名妇女被谋害后，非政府组织试图宣布当地进入“性别紧急状态”。
妇女被害的数字使墨西哥州成为该国暴力现象最严重的州之一，而这有可能损害佩尼亚•涅托州长一直小
心维护的形象。佩尼亚•涅托政府成功游说国家主管部门不将“性别紧急状态”的名称加在墨西哥州上，激起
了国内和国际非政府组织的谴责。
也许墨西哥当局能够继续成功地掩盖对妇女的暴力行为增加的程度，但死亡人数的上升和公众的愤怒
使得这项工作越来越困难。埃斯科51多女士的死，以及本月初激进分子苏珊娜•查韦斯的死，已经引发了整
个墨西哥和墨西哥驻世界各国大使馆的抗议，墨西哥也遭到了越来越多的国际批评。
冲突不断，军事行为不断升级，这种情况在墨西哥已有五年了 t 该国确保国民基本安全的能力—— 特别
是保护那些最容易受伤害的国民的能力—— 从来没有这么受到质疑如果墨西哥的政治阶层决心改善其治
理国家的声誉，就应该少花些精力捣腾数字，多花些精力解决国家的问题。
• 33 •专八阅读
16. Tesco Revamps Executive Pay
Policy to Appease Shareholders
Tesco has overhauled its pay policy for
来源:The Guardian 核 心 词 汇 ：
top executives as it tries to head off a repeat
the guardian of last year’s embarrassing shareholder revolt rt、\:uii|) /ri:Vaemp/v• 修汀；®建；改
when almost half its investors failed to back 良
its remuneration report.
iippeasi /a’pi:z/ v• 平息，抚慰
The new approach, revealed in the published retailer’s annual re
m( rluiul /auv‘ ho:l/v•彻底检査
丨
port, will see the scrapping of an incentive scheme previously enjoyed
head off 阻止
by Tim Mason, Tesco's US boss. His pay became the focus of much
revolt /nVeult/w• 反叛,造反；反抗
of last year's shareholder ire (愤怒)， with investors arguing it was ex
m 川 丨 /ri.mju:na’reijan/ ；!.
cessive considering the big losses being racked up by Tesco’s US
报酬，酬金
start-up, Fresh & Easy. Tesco said that it was making changes after a
scr:丨| /skreip/v.刮去，刮除
review and consultation with shareholders.
inontivc /in’sentiv/d• 剌激性的，
The retailer's annual report stated: MIn light of the renewed focus
奖励性的
on a collegiate approach to remuneration, together with Mr Mason’s
rack u p 增加，得到
appointment to the roles of deputy chief executive and chief marketing
folli ；； /k9’li:d3iit/ a•集体合议
officer, it has been agreed that Mr Mason will no longer be eligible
的
for awards under the US annual or long-term incentive programmes.
eligihk* /*elid3ibl/fl. 有恰当资格的；
Mr Mason will therefore no longer participate in the US long-term in
合适的
centive plan and the 2m shares granted to him in 2007 will lapse/*
lapse /l®ps/v• 终止，丧失，失效
Despite the changes， under which Tesco’s current four long-term
m er# /m3:d3/ v•(使>合并
incentive plans will be merged into one single plan, Philip Clarke, the
trail /treil/ v.落后于，尾随
group's chief executive, who started his job in March, can earn an an
reigni丨c /»ri:ig’nait/ v•再次点燃
nual long-term bonus of up to 275% of his £1.1 m salary, and a further
blue-chip，blu:tjip/«• 蓝筹的，靠
250% through a short-term bonus.
得住的
Meanwhile, Mason has been awarded a bonus of 80% of his
cunsultaik、/kan’SAltnsi:/ /I•咨询
£832,(XX) salary—despite losses at Fresh & Easy rising by 10% to
公司
£181 m last year. The company said that the bonus was a reward for
plug 坚持不懈，顽强地致力于
hitting "strategic goals** such as growing US sales and improving cus
bump u p 提升
tomer feedback.
The package means that Mason remains the second-highest-paid exceptional /ik’sepjanal/ a .特殊
的，例外的
Tesco executive， with total pay of £3.1m, down from £4.3m, and
trailing only Sir Terry Leahy, the former chief executive.
Having cashed in Tesco shares worth 1.8m during 2010, Mason will now be forced to rebuild his personal
shareholding in the retailer, as it has fallen below new levels imposed by the remuneration committee for "full
participation in the long-term performance share planM.
The debate over boardroom pay had already been reignited this week with a survey showing that chief
executives of blue-chip companies enjoyed a median pay rise of 32% last year, compared with a 7% rise in
the FTSE 1(X), and a 2% increase in workers' pay, according to the pay consultancy MM&K and corporate
governance group Manifest.
Sarah Wilson， chief executive of Manifest，said: “Tesco,s move will encourage shareholders to keep on
plugging away on executive pay, as the effort is worth it. Is it linked to the fact that there is a new chief
executive and the fact they got a slapping at last year’s annual general meeting? Who knows? Tesco deserves
• 34 •Part 〇 20篇题源阅读记单词
credit， but the devil will be in the detail.”
One detail involves the retailer seeking to bump up the chief executive’s potential 275% long-term bonus
in “exceptional circumstances”. The annual report added: “To ensure that we have sufficient headroom to grant
awards in exceptional circumstances, in line with usual practice, we are seeking shareholder approval to in
crease the maximum award opportunity under the performance share plan to 350% of base salary.”
© © © © — ------------- — - … :
乐购调整高管的收入以平息股东的愤怒
为了避免去年那次尴尬的股东造反再次上演，乐购已彻底调整了高管的薪酬政策3 去年有差不多一半
的投资者都不支持薪酬报告
在公布的零售商年度报告上，将看到乐购新的激励方法，而它的美国老板蒂姆•梅森以前非常喜欢的奖
励计划会被取消。他的报酬成为去年股东们愤怒的焦点。投资者们声称，考虑到在美国新开张的新易店的巨
大亏损，他的报酬也未免过多。乐购表示经过重新审查以及和股东的磋商后正在做出调整=
零售商年度报告中指出“鉴于重点是重新建立一个报酬合议方法，加之梅森先生又被任命为副首席执
行官与首席营销官，我们一致认为梅森先生将不再有资格按照美国年度或长期的奖励计划进行奖励。因此
梅森先生将不再参与美国的长期奖励计划，在 2007年授予他的200万股也将失效3 ”
乐购现在的四个长期奖励计划将合并为一个计划，即使这样，3 月份才开始接手该集团首席执行官一
职的菲利普•克拉克能赚取其年薪（110万英镑）的 275%的年度长期奖金，此外通过短期奖金计划还能获得
年薪的250%的奖励。
同时，尽管去年新易店的亏损增加了 10%,达到1.81亿英镑，但是梅森还是获得了其年薪（83.2万英镑）
的 80%的奖金。公司说，奖金是对实现战略目标的奖励，如美国销售额的增长以及客户反馈的改善。
这意味着梅森的收入虽然从430万英镑降到了 310万，但他的薪酬仍然在乐购高管中保持第二的水
平，仅次于前首席执行官特里•莱希爵士
2010年乐购的股票兑现180万，梅森现在不得不重建他在零售业的个人持股，因为它已经低于薪酬委
员会制定的“完全参与长期表现股份计划”的新标准了。
围绕董事会薪酬的争论在这周再次被点燃，薪酬顾问公司MM& K 和公司治理集团Manifest所作的调
查显示，蓝筹公司的首席行政官的平均薪酬在过去一年里上涨了 32%,金融时报（FTSE)IOO指数的涨幅仅
为 7%,英国普通工薪族的薪水在一年中只上涨了 2 % 。
Manifest集团的首席执行官萨拉•威尔逊说道：“乐购的举动将鼓励股东在高管薪酬制度的改进上继续
努力，因为这种努力是值得的。这是否与换了新的首席执行官以及他们去年在年度会议上遭到严厉的斥责
有关呢？谁知道呢！乐购的举动大体上是值得肯定的，只是一些细节不尽人意。
一个细节涉及到零售商寻求在“特殊情况下”提高首席执行官可能的275%的长期奖金。年度报告补充
道：“为了确保我们在特殊情况下有足够的奖励资金，从而也能按照惯常做法给予奖励，我们寻求股东同意，
使表现股份计划下的最高奖励提高到基本工资的350%”。
17. There’s a Silver Lining
r> Q )
in the Housing Bust
来源：Newsweek If you’re a 20-something or even younger， 核 心 词 汇 i
your economic future is at best clouded. Your
dilapidated /di’laepideitid/ fl
taxes will almost certainly be higher than to •倒塌
Newsweek
day^; your public services will almost certainly 的；破旧的
squeeze /skwi:z/ v•
be lower. Paying for old people, covering rising 挤；压-榨
• 35 •丨’3 ' ) 专八阅读
health-care costs, repairing dilapidated roads and servicing government
foreclosurc /f〇:*kleu3e/ fi•丧失抵押
pensions and the huge federal debt will squeeze take-home pay. Is
品赎回权
there any hope for economic gains?
stunt /stAnt/ v. 阻碍正常生长或发展
Well, yes一and from a surprising source. Housing.
Almost everyone considers the housing collapse a disaster, and it is.
retard /rVta:d/ v.使放慢或迟缓;阻碍
Since 2(K)7, roughly 8 million homes have gone into foreclosure. calamitous /k9’l89mit9S/ 〇 • 灾难的，
Housing prices, according to the widely cited Case-Shiller index, are 不幸的
down about 33 percent from their 2(K)6 peaks. They're still falling, al godsend /godsend/ /!•意外的好运
though at a slower pace. In some cities, they're al or below 2(KK) lev
rebound /V丨:baund/ w• 反弹，弹回
els. Home sales are stunted, and construction is a quarter of its previ
deflate /di'fleit/ v•紧缩(通货)
ous peak. Housing’s collapse retards the economic recovery. Aside
transivu(丨 /traen'send/v•超出，超越
from unemployed carpenters and real estate agents, there's much unsold
lumber, carpet and appliances. prevailing /priVeilir]/ a.现行的
But housing's troubles may have a silver lining. If you’re a parallel /paeralel/ v. ^ ..相当
homeowner, the steep fall in prices is calamitous. But if you’re a fu embellish /inVbeli" v.装饰，布S
ture buyer，it’s a godsend. What we're seeing is a massive wealth
premium 溢价，额外
transfer from today's older homeowners to tomorrow's younger home
费用
owners. From year-end 2(K)6 to 2010, housing values fell $6.3 trillion,
granite /graenit/ w.岗岩石，花岗岩
reports the Federal Reserve. Assuming there's no sharp rebound in
prices—a good bet—that's $6.3 trillion the young won't pay.
amenity /9’mi:niti/ (p/.l便利设施
Up to a point, the lower home prices merely deflate ihe artificial relentless /n’lentles/
〇•不间断的
“bubble.” But there’s evidence that the declines transcend that. The subsidy /sAbsidi/ n.补助金
National Association of Realtors routinely publishes a housing "afford
mute /mju:t/ v•消除（声音）
abilityM index, which judges the ability of median families to buy the
syndrome /sindraum/ /i•综合病症；
median-price home at prevailing interest rates. By this measure, exist
一系列表现
ing homes are the most affordable since the index started in 1970.
benefkiar>
Young buyers Mwill be able to enter the housing market at bargain
prices，” argues NAR economist Lawrence Yun. When home prices a 受益人
gain rise, increases will parallel income gains, meaning that the rela utility /jVWitj/n•【常批】公用亊业
tive burden of housing costs will remain roughly stable, Yun says. He sacrific e /saekrifais/ n.
expects only modest increases in interest rates. (A rise of one percent- ,
^ loom lar#显得突出
age point—say, from 5 percent to 6 percent一on a $150,000 mortgage
hoosts 丨he m⑽ thly payment about $%_) restrict /n.stnkt/ v.限制
Falling real estate prices have also affected new homes. They're prudent /*pru:dant/ a .审慎的
getting smaller and less embellished, as they must. New homes typi- transition Araen’ziJan/• 过渡，转变
c^lly sell at a 10 to 20 percent premium over comparable existing scarcity /skeasiti/ /i 缺乏 IS乏
homes. If prices don't fall, buyers won't buy. From 1973 to 2(K)7, the
size of the average new home grew by about 50 percent, from 1,660 square feet to 2,521 square feet. By
2009, that was 2,438 square feet, with more declines expected.
**People have become much more value oriented，” says Jeff Mezger, chief executive of KB Home, a major
builder. At the height of the boom, with cheap mortgage credit widely available, over-confident buyers selected
five-bedroom homes with Jacuzzis and granite-top kitchen counters, he says. Now， buyers favor practical
amenities: more kitchen cabinets and bigger closets.
We are, perhaps, at a historic juncture. The relentless expansion of home size since World War II—en
couraged by federal subsidies, including the mortgage-interest tax deduction一arguably resulted in many Ameri
cans being “over-housed." Homes grew beyond what was “needed” or could even be enjoyed. The reason they
kept expanding, Cornell economist Robert Frank has argued, was social competition. People want to be in the
• 36 •Part 〇 20篇题源阅读记单词
“best” neighborhoods with the “best" schools, and these neighborhoods have ever-larger homes. Somewhat
smaller homes， Frank contends，won’t make people less happy.
If the housing collapse mutes this self-defeating syndrome, the main beneficiaries will be today's young.
Their homes will be somewhat cheaper and smaller; their operating costs (mainly utilities) will be somewhat
lower. The sacrifices in living standards will be barely noticeable, and the savings一housing， after all, repre
sents most families’ largest expense一will provide some relief from higher taxes and health costs.
Warnings apply. Housing markets are local: what's true in one won't be true in another. Moreover, the
housing collapse still looms large. The young are staying or returning home; new household formations are
less than half of previous levels. Mortgage credit is restricted. Private lenders, once casual with loans, are now
prudent. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are in a state of transition—to what, no one knows. The price adjust
ment, especially for new homes, is incomplete. Unless these problems are overcome, housing construction will
remain depressed. Eventually, the scarcity of homes would push prices up.
But crises pass and have unintended consequences. The young just might catch a much-needed break from
this one.
© @ ® o —— --------------
楼市崩溃下的一线曙光
如果你现在二十多岁或者更年轻一点，你未来的经济状况很可能是阴云密布你要纳的税几乎肯定会
高于今天所纳的，而你所享受的公共服务也几乎肯定会比现在少。老人的养老金、越来越高的医保费、破损
公路的维修费、政府退休金以及巨额的联邦债务会使你的实发工资被压榨得所剩无几经济增长还有希
望吗？
有希望—— 不过来源很令人吃惊，那就是房地产。
几乎每个人都认为楼市崩溃是种灾难的确如此自2007年以来，大约有800万家庭的房屋被取消了赎
回权恨据被广泛引用的标普席勒房价指教，与 2006年的房价高峰相比，房价已经下跌了 33%,而且还在继续
下跌，尽管下跌的速度有所减慢在有些城市，房价跌倒了 2000或 2000以下住宅销售停滯，住房建筑量降到
了之前高峰时期的四分之一房市的崩溃阻碍了经济的复苏除了失业的木匠和房地产代理商，还有很多的木
材、地毯和电器滞销。
但房地产问题也可能给人们带来一线希望。如果你有房子，房价的暴跌是场灾难但如果你想在以后买
房，那可就是喜从天降了。我们正在目睹从今天的房产所有者到明天的年轻购房者之间的财富大转移从
2006年底到2010年，根据美联储的报告，房屋价值降了 6.3万亿。如果房价不急剧反弹—— 可能性很
大—— 年轻人是不会为这6.3万亿买单的3
在某种程度上，低房价只会使人工“泡沫”缩小但有证据显示，房价下降带来的影响远不止于此，全美
房地产经纪人协会定期公布住房“可支付性”指数，对中产家庭在当前利率下购买均价住房的能力进行判
断，而根据此项测算，当前的住房是自1970年开始公布这项指数以来可支付性最大的
全美房地产经纪人协会的经济学家劳伦斯.云指出，年轻的买房者“将能够以低廉的价格买到住房'当
房价再次上涨时，人们的收入也会相应增长，这意味着相对来说，购房的经济负担会基本保持稳定，云说道。
他预计利率只会略微上调（一个百分点的上涨，也就是从5%涨到6%,那算起来15万美元的住房贷款每月
只需多付95美元。）
房价的下降也影响了新房建设。新建的住房越来越小，装修也越来越简单，建筑商也必须这么做。新建
住房相较于同类现有住房，其销售价格一般要多出10%到 20% ,如果价格不降，购房者不会买：从 1973年到
2007年，新建房的平均面积增长了 50% ,从 1660平方英尺涨到了 2521平 方 英 尺 而 到 2009年则降到了
2438平方英尺，预计在未来还会继续下降，
“人们变得更注重房屋的价值，”建筑商KB Home的首席执行官杰夫•梅茨格说道在经济最繁荣的时
候，到处都可以申请到便宜的抵押贷款，过度自信的购房者往往选择的是配有豪华按摩浴缸和花岗岩台面
• 37 •专八阅读
厨房，有五间卧室的住房，他说道。而现在，购房者更喜欢实用的设施，如橱柜更多，壁橱更大的住房
也许我们正处于一个历史转折期自二战以来，由于受到包括降低抵押贷款利率和税率在内的联邦政府
补贴的推动，住房面积不断扩大，导致很多美国人“房屋过剩”。住房面积增长到超过了人们的需求，甚至超过
了人们可以享受的范围，康奈尔大学的经济学家罗伯特.弗兰克指出，住房面积持续增长的原因是社会竞争
人们想住在配有最好学校的最好社区，而这些社区的住房面积往往变得越来越大。弗兰克称稍微小的住房并
不会影响人们的幸福感
如果楼市崩溃减少了这种自我挫敗现象，那主要受益者会是今天的年轻人他们的住房会更便宜，更小
一些，使用成本（主要是水电费）也会低一些。生活水平方面的牺牲是微乎其微的，而他们节省下来的钱——
毕竟住房是大多教家庭最大的花费—— 也能够缓解更高的税收和医保费用带来的压力.
但我们也要注意，房产市场是基于本地的；一个地方的情况未必适合另一个地方。另外，房产崩溃的影响
仍然很严重。年轻人呆在家里或回到家里；新组成的家庭不到以前的一半。抵押贷款被收紧私人放贷者，以
前非常大方地借钱出去，现在也僅慎起来房利美和房地美正处于一个过渡期—— 没人知道未来会怎样。价格
调整，特别是新房的价格调整还不完善除非这些问題得以解决，否则住房建设仍然会不景气最后，住房的稀
少又会推动价格上涨
危机过后还会产生一些我们无法预料的后果年轻人可能需要抓住这次危机过后的难得机会:，
18. Why Some People Choose Anxiety
Considering that anxiety makes your palms
来源:Newsweek 核心词汇
sweat, your heart race, and your brain seize up
like a car with a busted transmission, it’s no palm /pa:m/ /i•手掌
Newsweek
wonder people reach for the Xanax to vanquish seize up (机器等）卡住
it. But in a suq)rise, researchers who study transmission /traenz’miJan/ n•变
emotion regulation—how we cope, or fail to cope, with the daily
速器
swirl of feelings—are discovering that many anxious people are bound
vanquish /Vaei]kwiJ/ v• 征服，克服
and determined (though not always consciously) to cultivate anxiety.
regulation /.regjVleiJ an/ /i• 控制；
The reason, studies suggest, is that for some people anxiety boosts
管制
cognitive performance.
swirl /sw3:l/ /!•旋转；游涡
In one recent study, psychologist Maya Tamir of Hebrew Univer
sity in Jerusalem gave 47 undergraduates a standard test of neuroticism, cultivate ZkAltiveit/ v.拼作；培养
which asks people if they agree with such statements as 4*I get stressed cognitive /kDgmtiv/ a.认知的
out easily." She then presented the volunteers with a list of tasks, ei neurotic /njua'mtik/a.神经质的，
ther difficult (giving a speech, taking a test) or easy (washing dishes),
沖经过敏的
and asked which emotion they would prefer to be feeling before each.
demanding /di'maindiQ/ a. 要求
The more neurotic subjects were significantly more likely to choose
_
feeling worried before a demanding task; non-neurotic subjects chose
anagram /aenagraem/ n•变形词或
other emotions. Apparently, the neurotics had a good reason to opt for
词组
anxiety: when Tamir gave everyone anagrams to solve, the neurotics
recall /ri’ko:l/ v•回忆起
who had just written about an event that had caused them anxiety did
a frame of mind心绪，心情•心境
better than neurotics who had recalled a happier memory. Among non
neurotics, putting themselves in an anxious frame of mind had no ef trait /treit/w.特性，特点
fect on performance. questionnaire /.kwestJanea/ n.
In other people, anxiety is not about usefulness but familiarity, 问卷调丧
finds psychology researcher Brett Ford of the University of Denver.
• 38 •Part 〇 20篇题源阅读记单词
She measured the “trait emotions” （feelings people tend to have most
chronically /kmnikali/ d 长期地
of the time) of 139 undergraduates, using a questionnaire that lists
irritate /iriteit/ v.使恼怒
emotions and asks “to what extent you feel this way in general." She
suhjccti'ely /sab’d3ektivli/ psychologist Ellen Langer， you actually feel as
if your body clock has been turned back two decades. Langer did a Isolated /aiseleitid/a• 隔离的，孤立
study like this with a group of elderly men some years ago, 的
retrofitting an isolated old New England hotel so that every visible visible /vizabl/ 肴得见的，有形的
sign said it was 20 years earlier. The men一in their late 70s and early reminisce /.remiVus/ v•回忆
80s—were told not to reminisce about the past, but to actually act as mindset /Vnaindset/ /i• 思维定式，心
if they had traveled back in time. The idea was to see if changing the 态
men’s mindset about their own age might lead to actual changes in stunning /stAnir]/ 〇•令人惊奇的
health and fitness. joint /d3〇int/ n• 关节;接头
Langer’s findings were stunning: After just one week, the men in
flexibility /.fleksi'biliti/ n• 灵活性;
the experimental group (compared with controls of the same age) had
柔韧性
more joint flexibility, increased dexterity and less arthritis in their
dexterity /dek’steriti/n• 灵巧，熟练
hands. Their mental sensitivity had risen measurably, and they had
arthritis /a:’0raitis/ n•关节炎
improved posture. Outsiders who were shown the men’s photographs
measurably /me3arebli/ ad. lii
judged them to be significantly younger than the controls. In other
地
words, the aging process had in some measure been reversed.
posture /*pDstJa/ /i•姿势
Though this sounds a bit woo-wooey, Langer and her Harvard
in some measure某种程度上
colleagues have been running similarly inventive experiments for
reverse /ri’v3:s/ v.使位置颠倒；使反
decades， and the accumulated weight of the evidence is convincing.
向
Her theory, argued in her new book, Counterclockwise, is that we are
accumulate /a'kjuimjuleit/ v. 积
all victims of our own stereotypes about aging and health. We
累，累积
mindlessly accept negative cultural cues about disease and old age, and
convincing /kenVinsiQ/ a. 令人信
these cues shape our self-concepts and our behavior. If we can shake
服的
loose from the negative cliches that dominate our thinking about
stereotype /*steriataip/ it.陈规，老
health， we can “mindfully” open ourselves to possibilities for more
套
productive lives even into old age.
• 40 •Part 〇 20篇题源阅读记单词
Consider another of Langer’s mindfulness studies, this one using
Cue /kjll:/n.暗示；提示
an ordinary optometrist’s eye chart. That’s the chart with the huge E
cliche /kli:Jei/ /I•陈词滥调
on top， and descending lines of smaller and smaller letters that
descend /di'send/ v• 下来，下降
eventually become unreadable. Langer and her colleagues wondered:
what if we reversed it? The regular chart creates the expectation that
legible /Ied39bl/fl.清晰的，易读的
at some point you will be unable to read. Would turning the chart trigger /'triga/w.扳机；引起反应的
upside down reverse that expectation, so that people would expect the 行动
letters to become readable? That’s exactly what they found. The appropriately /‘ praupriitli/ 适
subjects still couldn't read the tiniest letters, but when they were 当地
expecting the letters to get more legible, they were able to read
ingrained /in'greind/fl.根深蒂固的
smaller letters than they could have normally. Their expectation—their
exaggerate /igzaed3areit/ v.
mindset—improved their actual vision.
夸张
That means that some people may be able to change prescriptions
affluent /sefluant/fl• 诸裕的，丰诸的
if they change the way they think about seeing. But other health
presumable /pri'zjuimabli/ ad
consequences might be more important than that. Here’s another study,
this one using clothing as a trigger for aging stereotypes. Most people a steady stream of —连串的
try to dress appropriately for their age, so clothing in effect becomes internalize /in’t3:ndlaiz/ v•使内在
a cue for ingrained attitudes about age. But what if this cue 化
disappeared? Langer decided to study people who routinely wear undesirable /.Andi'zaiarabl/ a. 不
uniforms as part of their work life， and compare them with people 受欢迎的；令人讨厌的
who dress in street clothes. She found that people who wear uniforms diagnostic /‘daiagViDstik/ a•诊断
missed fewer days owing to illness or injury, had fewer doctors’ visits
的，判断的
and hospitalizations， and had fewer chronic diseases—even though they
encounter /in'kaunta/ v• 遇到，遭
all had the same socioeconomic status. That’s because they were not
遇
constantly reminded of their own aging by their fashion choices. The
health differences were even more exaggerated when Langer looked at affluent people: presumably the means
to buy even more clothes provides a steady stream of new aging cues， which wealthy people internalize as
unhealthy attitudes and expectations.
Langer’s point is that we are surrounded every day by subtle signals that aging is an undesirable period
of decline. These signals make it difficult to age gracefully. Similar signals also lock all of us—regardless of
age—into pigeonholes for disease. We are too quick to accept diagnostic categories like cancer and depression,
and let them define us.
That’s not to say that we won’t encounter illness, bad moods or a stiff back. But with a little
mindfulness, we can try to embrace uncertainty and understand that the way we feel today may or may not
connect to the way we will feel tomorrow.
〇 © © 〇
改变心态能否使自己变得更年轻
想象一下你将时钟往回拨20年，然后自己年轻了 20岁。你会感觉如何呢？哈佛大学心理学教授艾伦.
兰格曾做过一项颇具争议性的实验，如果你像实验中的受试者的话，你就会真的觉得你的生物钟也回到了
二十年前。几年前，兰格对一群老年人做了这样的研究：她改建了 一个远离城镇的老式新英格兰旅馆，所有
可看到的标志都写着是20年前。接受实验的老年人都是接近80岁，或者80岁出头。兰格让他们不要回忆
过去，而是让自己真的觉得回到了过去，并像过去那样生活。研究的目的是想知道，如果改变了人们对自己
年龄的心态，能否引起其健康方面的实际变化。
• 41 •专八阅读•
兰格的实验结果令人震惊：实验进行仅仅一周后，与同年龄的对照组相比，实验组中的老人关节更灵
活，手更灵巧，而且关节炎的发病率也降低了。他们的思维明显更敏锐了，身姿也更矫健了。外人看到他们的
照片会觉得他们比对照组的人明显年轻3 换言之，衰老进程在一定程度上得到了扭转„
虽然这听起来有点不可思议，但几十年来，兰格和她在哈佛的同事们一直在进行这类很有创意的实验，
而且积累的实验數据具有很强的说服力。她在自己的新书《逆时针》中提出这样的理论：我们都对衰老和健
康有一些固化的印象和看法，并深受其害我们不知不觉地接受着关于疾病和衰老的消极文化暗示，而这些
暗示又影响了我们的自我意识和行为。这些负面的陈腐思想主导着我们对健康的观念，如果我们能够从中
摆脱出来，那么即使已步入老年，我们也能够有意识地敞开心扉去迎接更富有成就的生活。
看看兰格的另一个关于意识的研究，这个研究用的是一个普通的视力表。这个表的最顶端是一个巨大
的 E,依次往下字母越来越小，最后无法辨认。兰格和她的同事感到好奇：如果把表倒过来会怎么样？正常的
视力表会让你想着到了某一点你就看不到了。那将表倒过来会扭转这种预期，使得人们期待能够看到后面
的字母吗？这正是艾伦他们的发现。那些实验受试者虽然仍不能看清最小的字母，但是当他们期待字母会变
得越来越清楚的时候，他们能够辨认出比使用正常视力表时更小的字母。他们的期望，或者说他们的心态，
改善了他们的实际视力。
这就意味着，如果人们改变对于视力的思维方式，那么他们就能改变他们的视力测量结果。但是其他的
健康结果可能比这个更重要。还有另一个研究，该研究用衣服来引起关于衰老的刻板看法。大多数人都想穿
适合自己年龄的衣服，因此衣服实际上暗示了人们对年龄根深蒂固的态度。但是，如果这种暗示消失了会怎
么样呢？于是，兰格决定对那些工作时经常穿制服的人进行研究。他将常穿制服的人与那些穿休闲服的人进
行比较。她发现那些穿制服的人很少因为生病或者受伤而请假，他们很少看医生，很少住院，并且很少患有
慢性疾病，尽管他们与那些穿休闲服的人拥有相同的社会经济条件。这是因为他们没有通过选择时装来不
断提醒自己的衰老。当兰格对富人进行研究时，这种健康差异更为明显：有条件买更多的衣服可能会不断带
来新的衰老暗示，富人会将其内化为不健康的态度和预期。
兰格的观点是，每天我们都被微妙的暗示所包围，这些暗示让我们觉得衰老意味着衰退，令人生厌。这
些暗示使我们很难优雅地变老。类似的暗示把我们困在了疾病的分类架上。我们总是太容易接受疾病的诊
断分类，如癌症和抑郁症等，并且让这些疾病定义我们的健康状态。
这并不是说我们不会遇到疾病、坏情绪或者腰酸背痛3但如果我们稍微有心一点，我们便可以包容生活
中一些不确定的东西，明白我们今天的感受和明天的感受可能有关系，也可能没有关系。
.
20 Branagh Meets Comic-Book Hero ^ \j
You’d be forgiven for wondering what
核心词汇
precisely is up with Kenneth Branagh directing
Marvel Studios1 new superhero film Thor, a hybrid /haibrid/ u.混合物
flashy $15() million hybrid of Viking myth and crusadt* /k「u: seid/ n•十字军远征
good old-fashioned caped crusading. Yes, acting simultanemisl) /.simal.teiniasli/
with the Royal Shakespeare Company and adapting the Bard’s classics
同时发生地
for screen looks impressive on the resume. But simultaneously
captivate /"kaeptiveit/ v• 迷惑；吸
directing and starring in Hamlet and Henry V isn't the same as
引，使着迷
directing a summer blockbuster (轰动） with comic-book characters who
inttTsectioii /•inta’sekj^n/ ；!• 交叉，
freeze one another with devastating ice lasers.
It all raises certain questions Shakespeare might have asked， were 交叉路口
he working in Hollywood: Why does Branagh direct the tale of the compel /kam pel/ v•强迫
thunder god with giant hammer? Turns out that growing up in Belfast
unleash /.ArVli:" v• 宣泄，释放
in the *60s, Branagh was captivated by MarvePs The Mighty Thor
trakTm丨丨 /fra't3:nal/a• 兄弟（般）的
comic book like no other American cultural offering. "These larger-
• 42 •Part 〇 20篇题源阅读记单词
than-life characters in mountainous landscapes and in space—I enjoyed
rivalry /Vaivalri/w.竞赛，较M
that weird connection，” the director says.
vie /vai/ v.竞争
It was the comic book's intersection with his personal interest in
classical literature that compelled the filmmaker to unleash his inner notwithstanding
Michael Bay. Branagh worked closely with screenwriters for two years /,nntwi0’staendir]//w/.尽符，还是
to develop the movie's fraternal rivalry: Thor and his brother Loki
gusto /’gASt9U/ /J• 兴致勃勃，热忱
vie for the affections of their father, Odin. A power struggle for the
exile /*egzail/ w•流放
throne notwithstanding. Thor’s hotheadedness_ specifically, his gusto to
virility /viYilit丨/".男子气概
bang heads with the “frost giants”—results in the thunder boy’s exile
to Earth. Stripped of all magic virility there， he encounters Natalie ignite /ig naiV v• 着火；点燃
Portman’s astrophysicist character and the spark of romance ignites. archetypal /»〇:1<1131口3丨/ a•原SI 的
“It’s an archetypal and mythic ideal: the great walking amongst
prodigal /*P「〇digal//t 浪子 a 挥的
the common，” Branagh explains. “There’s a coming-of-age story, a
arrogance /’9e「3gans//i• 傲慢，自大
prodigal-son story, the journey from arrogance to humility. That
classical structure for me means a timeless and invisible connection cater /*keita/ v. (/狀，/£〇迎合
between the contemporary and the traditional/' wedge /wed" v•把.....楔牢，塞入
The director outlines his concern about Thor. “How do you have
installation /.insta'leijan/ 装贤
fun with something you want to also take seriously? How not to cater
helm /h elm /舵柄，蛇轮
to something too superficial that second-guesses a youthful audience?
yield /j丨:丨d/ v• 产生，产出
And how do you do it all without trying to wedge in some secret art
film?” Branagh asks. ascendancy /esendansi/ n .优势，
But then Branagh’s installation at the helm of a summer-event 占支配地位
film reflects Hollywood's go-to strategy for the moneymaking comic contender /kan’tenda/ ；1.竞争齐
book genre. In recent years, studios have been hiring art-house
chummy /*tf Ami/ a. 关系亲密的
directors to adapt superhero fare, in a bid to combine impressionistic
havoc /haevak/ m• 大破坏，大毁坏
filmmaking with mass appeal. Nowhere has the practice yielded better
results than at Marvel Studios, the operation responsible for Robert contemplate /kmtampleit/ v•盘
Downey Jr.’s ascendancy as Iron Man. To hear it from Marvel 算；思ft
production chief Kevin Feige, Branagh beat the contenders specifically
because of his experience reworking Shakespeare. 'The subject can be dry in a high-school-English-class kind
of way，" Feige says. “But Ken brought it to life... He’s been able to put Thor and Loki and Odin onscreen
the same way—humanizing them without getting lost among the costumes and the special effects and traveling
through the universe.”
Harvey Weinstein, who became chummy with Branagh last year when he was filming Weinstein Co.'s
upcoming drama My Week With Marilyn, points out a common misconception about Branagh. People look at
Ken and because he’s done so much Shakespeare over the years， they forget he’s a kid born in Belfast，’’ says
Weinstein. “He did not grow up with a silver spoon in his mouth. He's a man of the people. And his
Shakespeare is man-of-the-people kind.”
On a recent morning, Branagh is in a darkened movie-studio editing bay, wholly consumed with finishing
Thor. A troop of computer-generated frost giants repeatedly flashes across a bank of digital monitors before
him—icy ghoulies who rain havoc down on a tribe of ancient Norsemen. The filmmaker contemplates the fate
of these 16 frames. To cut or not to cut? That is the question.
®©@©
布拉纳执导漫威新片
如果你对肯尼斯•布拉纳为什么会执导漫威漫画公司的超级英雄新片《雷神索尔》感到困惑，这完全是
情有可原的。《雷神索尔》这部耗资1.5亿美元的电影拥有极其华丽的视觉效果，混合了维京神话和老式的
• 43 •专八阅读
十字军战争元素。的确，与皇家莎士比亚公司合作，将莎翁的经典作品搬上荧屏为他的啟历增色不少但同
时执导并主演《哈姆莱特》和《亨利五世》与执导带有那些用强大冰束将人冻来冻去的漫画人物的署期大片
并不相同3
这也引发了一些莎士比亚可能会问的问题，如果他在好莱坞工作的话：布拉纳为什么会执导拿着巨大
战锤的雷神的故事？原来,20世纪60年代出生在贝尔法斯特的布拉纳对惊奇漫画公司的漫画《雷神索尔》特
别着迷，这部漫画不同于其他的美国作品•‘这些生活在高山和大空，高于现实的人物—— 我喜欢这种奇怪
的联系”布拉纳说。
正是漫画书与他对古典文学的兴趣的交集，促使他释放内心的迈克尔•贝布拉纳和编剧一起工作了两
年，设计出了这部影片中兄弟相争的剧情：索尔和他的弟弟洛基争夺他们的父亲奥丁的爱尽管这是一场王
位的权力争夺，索尔的鲁莽冲动，特别是他和“霜巨人”之间的冲突导致这位雷神被放逐到地球在地球上，
被剥夺了所有神力的索尔遇到了娜塔莉•波曼，一位天文物理学家，并与之擦出了爱的火花。
“这是一种典型的神话樸式：伟人行走在普通人之间”布拉纳解释道“影片中有走向成熟的故事，有浪
子回头、从自大变得谦逊的故事a 这种经典的结构对我而言是当代和传统的一种永恒的、隐秘的联系。 ”
布拉纳简要说明了自己对这部电影的忧虑/ ‘怎样才能做到从你想严肃对待的东西中同时得到乐趣？怎
样才能做到不迎合年轻观众可能会喜欢的那些太过肤浅的东西？不插入一些神秘的艺术性的情节，你又怎
么能够做到呢？”布拉纳问道。
但后来布拉纳在一部描述夏季的影片中所用的设罝反映了好莱坞对于拍摄以賺钱为目的的漫画电影
所使用的策略。近年来，许多电影公司聘请文艺片导演对超级英雄影片进行改编，试图将印象派电影制作与
大众口味结合起来。惊奇公司从中获益最大，正是这样的做法将小罗伯特•唐尼打造成了傲视群雄的钢铁
侠。据惊奇公司的制作经理凯文. 费吉所说，正是由于具有改编莎剧的经验，布拉纳才得以击敗竞争者。“在
某种程度上，这个主题可能会像高中英语课一样枯燥乏味”，费吉说。•‘但肯使它活灵活现地出现在生活中
……他已经以同样的方式把索尔、洛基和奥丁搬上了荧屏—— 使他们人性化，不在华丽的戏服和特效中速
失，也不会在宇宙中飞来飞去。 ”
哈维.溫斯坦去年在拍檨溫斯坦公司即将推出的新片《与玛丽莲的一周》时与布拉纳相交成为密友。他
指出人们对布拉纳有一种常见的误解：“人们会关注肯尼斯，但由于他执导并主演过大多莎士比亚的戏剧，
人们常常会忘了他是一个在贝尔法斯特长大的孩子，”温斯坦说道。“他没有含着银汤勺出生。他只是个平
民。他 心 目中的莎士比亚也是个平民。 ”
不久前的一个早上，布拉纳在昏暗的工作室剪辑间里，全身心地进行着《雷神索尔》后期制作。电脑制作
的霜巨人军队不断闪过他面前的那排数字显示器—— 这些霜巨人就是给古诺斯曼人带来浩劫的妖怪，影片
制作人正在考虑这16个画面的命运。删还是不删？这是个问题
• 44 •章
01.考纲要求 •专八阋读考纲要求和评分原则
和评分原则
一、 考纲要求
1 . 测试要求
(a) 能读懂- 般英美报刊杂志上的社论和书评。
(b) 能读慷有一定难度的历史传记和文学作品。
(c) 能理解所读材料的主旨大意，分辨出其中的事实和细节；能理解字面意义和隐含意义；能根据所读材料进
行判断和推理;能分析所读材料的思想现点、语篇结构、语言特点和修辞竽法。
(d) 能在阅读中根据盅要自觉调整阅读速度和阅读技巧。
(e) 考试时间45分钟。
2 . 测试形式
本部分采用多项选择题和简答题形式，由数篇阅读材料组成。阅读材料共长3000个单间左右,，学生应根据所
读材料内容，从每道题的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，或根据问题做简短回答。共22题，其中14道多项选择
题,8道简答题。所占专八考试分值30分。
3 . 测试目的
本部分测试学生通过阅读获取和理解有关信息的能力，既要求准确性，也要求一定的速度。阅读速度为每分钟
150个单词。
4 . 选材原则
(a) 题材广泛，包括社会、科技、文化、经济、文学、语言学、人物传记等^
(b) 体裁多样，包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文等。
(c) 阅读材料的语言难度中等偏上。
二 简答题评分原则
、
1 . 评分侧取点是阅读理解，不是写作，评分关键点是看关键词或同组是否正确。
2 . 每题2 分，答案可以是句子、短语或词组。每题答题字数原则上不超过10个词，超过者酌怙扣分，最高扣
0.5 分。
3 . 如果关键同中有对有错，酌情给分。意思表达准确即可，答案不局限于参考答案所给的关键词和词组，信息
不足者酌怙按比例扣分。
4 . 语法错误扣0.5分，每题中同类错误不重复扣分。
• 46 •步骤o 同一篇文章的两部分题目一起做
新题型专八阅读分为A 部分选择题和B 部分简答题。试题的顺序为：先 A 部分，几篇文章，每篇文章后有几道
选择题，一共14道；再 B 部分，文章跟A部分一样，不重复出现，每篇文章有1-3 道简答题，一共8 道。
由于试题册上B 部分在A 部分之后，如果按顺序答题，就要先做完几篇文章后的选择题，再读一次文章做简
答题。几篇文章的主题不一样，间隔一定时间再读，时间上就要花费更多。因此我们建议：第一篇文章的选择题做完
后，翻到后面的B 部分,把这篇文章的简答题先做了，再开始阅读第二篇文章。也就是，同一篇文章的两部分题目一
起做。
步驟+ 边看题边读文章，带着问题读文章
新题型改革后，大纲并没明确考查篇数，但规定了总字数为3000词左右。而近年来的专八真题以三篇文章居
多，每篇文章的长度在8(X)词到1000词不等。文章篇幅较长造成的闲难就是，定位点较难找。无论是先看文章再做
题，或者是先看题目再读文章，都会造成顾此失彼，内容太多，找出来重点。故我们建议的是用平行阅读法，即边看
文章边做题5按顺序看一道题目，找到其定位点，解决上面一道题之后，再看一下题，找到其定位点，然后如些类推。
同时要知道定位可利州两大原则：关键词定位和顺序出题原则（即题目出现的顺序与其题解句在文中的顺序是一
致的h
步骤0 抓文章主题句
阅读过程中，抓住文章的主题句，就容易常握文章的中心思想。要特别注意文章开头和结尾的段落，主题句往
往出现在这些地方。如果主题句位于句首，那么，接下来文章就会用演绎法，将观点展开、论述；反之，如果主题句在
结尾，文章一定会先陈述论点、论据，最后得出结论，即文章的主题。还有一种情况是首尾两部分的几句话相结合，
共同作为文章的主题。考生只要了解了这些结构安排，抓住了文章的主题，就容易理解文章的详情细节和论据等
内容。
• 47 •章
03.如何定 选 择 题 8 大应试技巧
位解题句
技巧〇 通过定位法解题
解答细VT题的关键在于定位要准，一旦找准位置，问题基本能迎刃而解。常用的定位技巧包括：利用出题顺序
定位、利用逻辑信号词及题干实词定位，利用长词、难词及特殊标点定位等。而段首、段末、转折对比处、引证、引语
等均为常考处，浏览文章时应重点关注。
例 11....................................................................................................................................................................... |TEM-8 ft 1^|
Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe's
last pristine wilderness. But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the
majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected
to, or encumbered by, family one can’t do anything about. But the truth is， once you’re off the beaten
paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few， and they’re all bad， so
Iceland's natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhabitants. For them the
land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind
set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the **Mona
Lisa.”
Q: According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something of •
A. environmental value. B. commercial value.
C. potential value for tourism. D. great value for livelihood.
【解析】本题是该文章的第1道题，故推测出题点应在文章较前的位置。根据题干中的view land as等可快速定
位到第1段段末。该句指出冰岛人更多地认为这片土地（冰岛）就是有价商品（commodity),而后半句提到了
priceless,据这两个关键词确定B(具有商业价值）为正确答案。
技巧0 排除法
解答题干中含NOT. EXCEPT. INCORRECT这一类的试题，最常用的是排除法，将四个选项逐一与原文对
照，去伪存真。其中正确选项通常都是对原文某句的同义改写，而不会直接照搬原文，所以要小心比照。
例 2| ........................................................................................................................................................................ [TEM-8 K®]
Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions_ the remote and
sparsely populated east—where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and glcx)m.
After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many individual boat owners
sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies
and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs
previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing everything they had worked for all their
lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum
projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance. “Smelter or death.”
Q: The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPT
A. fewer fishing companies. B. fewer jobs available.
C. migration of young people. D. imposition of fishing quotas.
【解析】本题考査不是造成旧有生活方式消亡的原因。定位到上段后，逐一对照原文与选项，发现B(工作减少）
与文中 Technological advances drained away." jobs", done by human hands 对应；C(年轻人迁徙）与 their
children move away对应；D(强制实行渔业配额）与fishing quotas were imposed.••对应；而A(更少的泡业公司）
中的fewer看似与文中的a few对应，但意思上去有实质区别，且文所指并非渔业公司数世减少，故可确定A 为
正确答案。
• 48 •P a rt❿ 62篇阅读分类特训
技巧+ 同义替换是解
正确选项一般不会直接采用原文的表达方式，即使采用了原文的部分同句，关键词
也一定会换用其他同义的表达方式。
同义转述常见的方式有:①句子简化:将原文中的难句简化成一个比较简单的句子。
© 转换关键词：把原文中M关键的间汇用同义词或短语替换。
例 3| ...................................................................................................................................................................... [TEM-8
But many Brits, given the choice, still prefer to identify with the class they were bom into rather
than that which their jobs or income would suggest. This often entails pretending to be more humble than
is actually the case: 22% of white-collar workers told YouGov that they consider themselves working class.
Likewise， the Expertian survey found that one in ten adults who call themselves working class are among
the richest asset-owners, and that over half a million households which earn more than $191,(XK) a year
say they are working class. Pretending to be grander than income and occupation suggest is rarer, though
it happens too.
Q: When some successful whitenrollar workers choose to stay in the working class, it implies that they are
A. showing modesty. B. showing self-respect.
C. expressing boastfulness. D. making an understatement.
【解析】定位到上段文字后发现文中明确提到“把自己归到稍低的阶级中，会常常使他们表现得更谦虚”，文中的
解题关键同humble与选项A 中的modesty同义，故A 为正确答案
技巧< ► 结合上下文语境推测
解答句意或词义推断题最有效的方法就是结合上下文的各种线索进行推敲，通过句与句之间的内在关系，如
闪果关系，解释关系、呼应关系等来进行判断。有时甚至需要整体把握全文的中心思想及论调。
例 4| ........................................................................................................................................................................ ITEM-8
A bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination,
shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire， he found the cafe of his choice， a tea-shop that had
gone mad and turned Babylonian, a white palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the older
buildings like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps
a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel， just as behind the careless
profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background，
hidden away, behind the ten thousand lights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of
teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and
temperamental long-haired violinists， behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak， the vanloads of ices,
were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farthing, who knew how many units of
electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress (five
feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen lift
to the table in the far comer. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper
storeys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such was the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis
marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he
knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms， and never
arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.
It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were all there. It steamed with
humanity. The marble entrance hall， piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as
a railway station. The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left
behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden，tropical， belonging to some high mid-summer of
confectionery. Disdaining the lifts，Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all,
climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, where an orchestra, led by a young Jewish
• 49 •专八阅读
violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand
girls. The door was swung op>en for him by a page; there burst, like a sugary bomb, the clatter of cups,
the shrill clatter of white-and-vermilion girls，and, cleaving the golden, scented air， the sensuous clamour of
the strings: and， as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came，bowing, a sleek grave man，
older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially:
**For one, sir? This way, please/' Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.
Q: That ubehind the thin marble front were concrete and steel** suggests that
A. modem realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.
B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the caK.
C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.
D. the caf6 was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.
【解析】解答此题的关键在于理解该句前后分句的类比关系（通过连接同just as可知）。后半句说的是“奢侈无度
背后靠的是数以百万计的金钱，锫打细算到一分一厘”。“大理石门面的豪华”与“奢侈无度的挥祺”作类比；“支撑
门面的朴实无华的钢筋、混凝土”与“精打细箅的经营模式”类比，都说明豪华外表的背后是现实的商业蠃利目的。
所以A(奢华外表背后的ffi商主义）是正确答案：而D(茶馆既1 物质基础，也重经济效益）则混淆了原句的类比关
系，把前后分句部分内容混杂在一起，故排除。而B、C 则需整体把握全文来排除；文中所描述咖啡店的装潢是真
实存在的，而且也的确吸引了很多人，故B(咖啡店的风格和吸引力不真实）错误；由于这家店towered above the
older buildings(雄踞在众多老旧建筑之上），可以看出其标新立异，与老式建筑不同，故C(新旧结合的做法十分明
智）也错误。
技巧0 确定例证要支持的论点
专八阅读中几乎每年均出现一道例证理解题。而文中的举例无一例外地都是为主题服务的，因此确定例证要
支持的观点是解答此类题型的关键绝大多数情况下，例子所要证明的论点位于例子前曲。也有少数会在举例之后
归纳概括论点总之，只要仔细阅读例子前后语境.就不难找出正确答案。
例5| ...................................................................................................................... .................................................[TEM-8 真题1
To reduce paper use, some companies are working to combine digital and paper capabilities. For
example, Xerox Corp. is developing electronic paper: thin digital displays that respond to a stylus, like a
pen on paper. Notations can be erased or saved digitally.
Another idea, intelligent paper, comes from Anoto Group. It would allow notations made with a stylus
on a page printed with a special magnetic ink to simultaneously appear on a computer screen.
Q: The two innovations by Xerox Corp. and Anoto Group feature
A. integrated use of paper and digital form. B. a shift from paper to digital form.
C. the use of computer screen. D. a new style of writing.
【解析】根据“论点常出现在例子前”这一规律，发现文章在举第一个例子(Xerox Corp.)前明确提到“为了减少使
用纸张，一些公司正致力于把数字和纸张功能结合起来”，A“纸张和数字化形式整合使用”与此相符，故为正确
答案。
技巧〇 抓大放小，首尾是关键
在解答主旨题时，不能拘泥于“细枝末节”，甩掉难于理解的难同、难句等，甚至对某些段落也只需要“一扫而
过”。由于英语文章的结构主要有两类：“总-分”和“总-分-总”，故全文的主& 通常在文章的首尾出现。如果文章没
有明确给出主R，则丨结合各段的中心进行归纳，或根据文中反复出现的关键词或内容进行调幣
例 6| ........................................................................................................................................................................ [TEM-8 舰 1
When former President Ronald Reagan fell and broke his hip at the age of 89， he joined a group of
more than 35(MKK) elderly Americans who fracture their hips each year. Suffering from advanced
Alzheimer's disease, Reagan was in one of the highest-risk groups for this type of accident. The incidence
of hip fractures not only increases after age 50 but doubles every five to six years as the risk of falling
• 50 •P a rt❿ 62篇阅读分类特训
increases. Slipping and tumbling are not the only causes of hip fractures; weakened bones sometimes break
spontaneously. But falling is the major cause, representing 90% of all hip fractures.
These injuries are not to be taken lightly. According to the American Academy of Orthopedic
Surgeons, only 25% of those who suffer hip fractures ever fully recover; as many as 20% will die within
12 months. Even when patients do recover， nearly half will need a cane or a walker to get around.
When it comes to hip fractures, the most dangerous place for elderly Americans, it turns out, is their
homes; nearly 60% of these dangerous spills will occur in ore around the patient’s domicile. This isn’t all
bad news，however, because a few modifications could prevent a lot of accidents.
The first thing to do is to get rid of those throw rugs that line hallways and entrances. They often
fold over or bunch up, turning them into booby traps for anyone shuffling down the hall.
Entering and leaving the house is a particularly high-risk activity, which is why some experts suggest
removing any doorsills higher than 1/2 in. If the steps are bare wood, you can increase traction by
applying non-slip treads.
Because many seniors suffer from poor balance (whether from neurological deficits or from the inner-
ear problems that increase naturally with aging), it also helps to install grab bars and handrails in
bathrooms and along hallways.
The bedroom is another major hazard area that can be made much safer with a few adjustments.
Avoid satin sheets and comforters, and opt for non-slip material like wool or cotton. Easy access to devices
is important, so place a lamp， telephone and flashlight near the bed within arm’s reach. Make sure the
pathway between the bedroom and bathroom is completely clear, and install a night-light along the route
for those emergency late-night trips.
It^s a good idea to rearrange the furniture throughout the house, so that the paths between rooms are
free of obstructions. Also, make sure telephone and appliance cords aren't strung across common walkways，
where they can be tripped over.
In addition to these physical precautions, there are the health precautions every aging body should take.
Physical and eye examinations, with special attention to cardiac and blood-pressure problems， should be
performed annually to rule out serious medical conditions. Blood pressure that's too low or an irregular
heartbeat can put you at risk for fainting and falling. Don't forget to take calcium and vitamin D, two
critical factors in developing strong bones. Finally, enrolling in an exercise programme at your local gym
can improve agility, strength, balance and coordination一all important skills that can keep you on your feet
and off the floor.
Q: The main purpose of the passage is to
A. offer advice on how to prevent hip facture. B. emphasize the importance of health precautions.
C. discuss the seriousness of hip fractures. D. identify the causes of hip fractures.
【解析】第 1、2段说的是髋关节骨折这种病在老年人中发病率之高以及致病的原因。从第3段到最后一段都是在讲
如何采取措施有效地避免伤害。在第3段中有这样一句话:a few modifications could prevent a lot of accidents作
为后而几段的引言，所以说如何防范老年人患髋骨骨折应该是本文写作的主要目的，故确定A 为正确答案
技巧0 紧扣文章主题进行选择
文章主题是一篇文章的中心，而主旨题和作者观点态度题,常常围绕主题提问；其他细节题也会与主题相关.因
此在选择答案时，对于一些模棱两可的选项，可以考虑是否与主题相关；与主题相关的是正确答案，反之，是干扰项，
例7丨........................................................................................................................................................................1TEM-8細 1
In the same way that digital innovations have increased paper consumption, Saffo says, so has video
conferencing一with its promise of fewer in-person meetings—boosting business travel.
“That’s one of the great ironies of the information age，” Saffo says. “It’s just common sense that the
more you talk to someone by phone or computer, it inevitably leads to a face-to-face meeting. The best
• 51
•专八阅读
thing for the aviation industry was the Internet.”
Q: What does the author mean by "irony of the information age**?
A. The dream of the “paperless" office will be realized.
B. People usually prefer to have face-to-face meetings. 04.常考的
C. More digital data use leads to greater paper use. 修綷手法
D. Some people are opposed to video-conferencing.
【解析】从表面上看似乎That’s one of the great ironies of the information age中的that是指上段提到的“更多
的视频会议和史多的商务旅行”这一对具有反讽关系的矛质体，m细读上文的第i 段可以发现这对矛盾体实际i：
是Saffo为了说明digital innovation促进paper consumption而作出的类比 hi时结合全文的中心：“数字化办公
和纸张使川W”这 -对矛©体，确定C 为正确答案而B 和D 都是就麥论唞，没有把捤到全文的核心，而且断章取
义、似是而非，故砬排除
技巧< ► 掌握常用的修辞手法
1. Simile(明喻）：亦称直喰，就是就两个不同事物之间的相似点进行对比，常用标志词包括like, as, as if/
though If 例： Beauty is as summer fruits.
2. Metaphor(隐喻，暗喻h 直接把甲事物（喻体）当作乙事物（本体）来描述，其比喻关系隐含在句意中 < 与
simile相比较，不但不需要as, like之类的比喻间，有时甚至可以连本体也不出现例：Some books are to be
tasted， others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested.(本体是 book,喻体应当是 food,因为只
有食物才能被“浅 尝 吞 下 ”,或者“咀嚼"。）
3. Personification(拟人）：把生命賦予无生命的唞物。例： Facts speak louder than words.
4. Hyperbole(夸张〉：为了强_ ，故意夸大亊实，川来抒发作者或说话人的强烈感怙，表达自己的深刻感受例：
Her beauty made the bright world dim.
5. Irony(反语）：指用一种相反的话来表达自己的意思。常含讥iW、厌恶、不满、责难、威胁等感情色彩： 例：
It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.
6. Pun(双关）：指利用一个单词的两个含义，或者利用两个特定的单词，达到“一语双关”的目的。 例： If we
don’t hang together， we shall hang separately.(我们必须共赴沙场，否则就得分赴法场 )
7. Paradox(隽语）：一种貌似矛盾，但包含一定衍理的意味深长的说法，是一种矛®修辞法。例： The child is
father of the man.
例 8| ........................................................................................................................................................................ [TEM-8細 】
Vast flats of green grass, dull-hued spaces of mesquite and cactus, little groups of frame houses，
woods of light and tender trees, all were sweeping into the east, sweeping over the horizon, a precipice.
He sat with a hand on each knee, like a man waiting in a barber's shop.
He pointed out to her the dazzling fittings of the coach; and in truth her eyes opened wider and she
contemplated the sea-green figured velvet, the shining brass, silver, and glass, the wood that gleamed as
darkly brilliant as the surface of a pool of oil.
He viewed them with the manner of a fatherly pilot, his countenance radiant with benevolence.
Q: Which of the following contains a metaphor?
A. ... like a man waiting in a barber's shop. B. ... his countenance radiant with benevolence.
C. ... sweeping over the horizon, a precipice. D. ... as darkly brilliant as the surface of a pool of oil.
【解析】暗晚(metaphor)与明喻不同，不会含有as, like等词。 … sweeping over the horizon， a precipice意思是
“越过地平线，好像正驶向悬崖”,句中把horizon暗喻为a precipice,所以答案是C。而A 中的like和D 中的as...
as...结构表明这两个句子是明喻（simile):而 B指的是“他面带慈祥”，不是比喻句。
• 52 •四 章
简 答 题 3 大应试技巧
05. 简答题
应试技巧
令八阅读简答题与选择题的作答方式不同，似考点类似，既有细节题，也冇推断题，还有要进行总结归纳的题
该题铟主要测试考生对英语的准确理解能力和川英语进行表达和概括的能力，要求芩生在读储文章的情况下，川
自己的语言简短回答出问题、简答题的基础依然是对阅读文京的理解谣要特别注意的是，简答题的字数不能超过
10个单同。
技巧0 结合语境和例证理解词汇
词汇理解题是阅读中常考的一种方式，要求考* 根据上下文推测单同、词组或短句的怠义此类题的常考形式
有两类：一类是考奄对生冏的观解；另一类是考杏对常川词汇的特定意义的ffl解词汇理解题的解题技巧冇：
1 . 通过生词所在的1 下文，或者生词中包含的词素来推测；
2 . 利用生词上下文中出现的定语从句、同位语从句等表补充作)丨丨的语句来推测；
3 . 通过上下文的例证来推测
供 11 ........................................................................................................................................................................ [TEM-8 样卷]
If it is true, for example, that the secret lo a child's success is less rare genius than raw persistence,
Twist's ability to stay on task is a model for us all, especially if the task is trying to capture the sunbeam
that flicks around the living room as the wind blows through the branches outside. She never succeeds, and
she never gives up. This includes when she runs square into walls.
Q: According to the context, what does the word “square” mean?
【解析】根据题0 中的square—同定位至选段的末句。题|ii询问square在文中的含义。根据上一句的never
gives up，可以看出此处怠在强调小狗Twist的••坚持”，而所问中•间所在的语境“它甚至撞上墙壁"(This includes...
walls)是上一句的递进，即推断此处表示“狠狠地撞上墙壁”，“狠狠地撞上”意即“直直地撞七”，故可用Straight(直
直地）来回答。
技巧0 尽量利用原文，巧妙进行转换
简答题的答案由于涉及单同拼写，W此建议尽世用文章中出现的关键词作答，但由于受词数限制，不是所有的
题都能用原文作答，有时笛对原文相关内容进行概括提炼或转换答案往往谣要根据题目要求对原文采用转换词
性、语句转换,提炼主要信息，舍弃次要信息等方法精简语句,或用概括性的语句归纳原文信息句,，
例 2| ........................................................................................................................................................................ [TEM -8_l
What this means is that we have to maximize the benefits and uses of urban parks, while minimizing the
costs of building and maintaining them. Currently, green space and street plantings are relatively similar
throughout the Western world, regardless of differences in local climate, geography, and natural history. Even
desert cities feature the same sizable street trees and well-watered and well-fertilized lawns that you might see
in more temperate climes. The movement to reduce the resources and water requirements of such urban
landscapes in these arid areas is called “xeriscaping”一a concept that has so-far received mixed responses in
terms of public acceptance. Scott Yabiku and colleagues at the Central Arizona Phoenix project showed that
newcomers to the desert embrace xeriscaping more than long-time residents, who are more likely to prefer the
well-watered aesthetic. In part， this may be because xeriscaping is justified more by reducing landscaping
costs—in this case water costs一than by providing desired benefits like recreation， pollution mitigation， and
cultural value. From this perspective, xeriscaping can seem more like a compromise than an asset.
Q: Why are some loca里 residents opposed to “xeriscaping”？
【解析】根据题n 中的xeriscaping定位至选段的倒数第2 句 题 H询问当地居民反对“节水彻园艺”（xeriscaping)
• 53 •专八阅读
的原W。该句用because引出了原W,指出当地人认为xeriscaping只是单单为了节约宵理成本，而"不是诸如提供
休闲、降低污染和增加文化价值等人们想要的益处"，认为这只是折衷方案（a compromise),而不是一项有价值的
工程(an asset),若照搬原文，则答案远远超过10个单词，故可将上述的原因同义转述为“当地人不仅仅是期望降
低成本，还打史多忠求”，W此答案为 The locals expect more than reducing costs
技巧+ 检查核对,避免语法错误
简答题是冋答问题.答题时除了找到相关的内容作答.确保答案的形式符合提问的方式以外，还要尽力避免常
见的语言形式错误，如拼写错误、标点符号错误、大小写、主谓一致、时态与原文或问题是否对应等
3 ...........................................................................[TEM-8㈣|
例 丨
Most West African lorries are not in what one would call the first flush of youth, and I had learnt by
bitter experience not to expect anything very much of them. But the lorry that arrived to take me up to the
mountains was worse than anything I had seen before: it tottered on the borders of senile decay. It stood there
on buckled wheels, wheezing and gasping with exhaustion from having to climb up the gentle slope to the
camp, and I consigned myself and my loads to it with some fear. The driver, who was a cheerful fellow,
pointed out that he would require my assistance in two very necessary operations: first, I had to keep the hand
brake pressed down when travelling downhill, for unless it was held thus almost level with the floor it sullenly
refused to function. Secondly, I had to keep a stem eye on the clutch, a willful piece of mechanism that
seized every chance to leap out of its socket with a noise like a strangling leopard. As it was obvious that not
even a West African lorry-driver could be successful in driving while crouched under ihe dashboard, I had to
take over control of those instruments if I valued my life. So, while I ducked at intervals to put on the brake,
amid the rich smell of burning rubber, our noble lorry jerked its way towards the mountains at a steady twenty
miles per hour; sometimes, when a downward slope favoured it, it threw caution to the winds and careered
(猛冲 > along in a reckless fashion at twenty-five.
Q: What can we learn from the condition of the lorry from **it tottered on the borders of senile decay"?
【解析】由题目的句子定位到选段中第2 句末M部 分 it tottered on the boarders of senile decay的字面义是“卡
车徘徊在老年衰退的边缘”，句中的senile与senior是同根同，指“衰老的，年老的”;decay“衰退”是老IU的象征，与
首句中的first flush of youth(意为风华正茂，处于最佳状态）形成了前后对比，故该句强凋的是卡车已使用了很
长时间，非常破旧。因此答案应为The lorry was very old/brokent,注意，题目中引用的句子为一般过去时，所以作
答时应用一般过去时。
• 54 •五早
6 2 篇阋读分类特训
令
Passage
(l)One school night this month I sidled up to Alexander, my 15-year-old son,
and stroked his cheek in a manner I hoped would seem casual. Alex knew better，
字 数:678 sensing by my touch, which lingered just a moment too long, that I was sneaking a
建议用时:7分钟 touch of the stubble that had begun to sprout near his ears. A year ago he would * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
have ignored this intrusion and returned my gesture with a squeeze. But now he
recoiled, retreating stormily to his computer screen. That， and a peevish roll of his eyes， told me more
forcefully than words, Mom, you are so busted!
(2) 1 had committed the ultimate folly: invading my teenager’s personal space. “The average teenager has
pretty strong feelings about his privacy，” Lara Fox, a recent young acquaintance， told me with an assurance
that brooked no debate. Her friend Hilary Frankel chimed in: “What Alex is saying is: *This is my body chang
ing. It's not yours.*** Intruding, however discreetly, risked making him feel babied “at a time when feeling
like an adult is very important to him，” she added.
(3) O.K., score one for the two of you. These young women, after all, are experts. Ms. Frankel and Ms.
Fox, both 17, are the authors of Breaking the Code (New American Library), a new book that seeks to bridge
the generational divide between parents and adolescents. It is being promoted by its publisher as the first self-
help guide by teenagers for their parents, a kind of Kids Are From Mars, Parents Are From Venus that
demystifies the language and actions of teenagers. The girls tackled issues including curfews, money, school
pressures, smoking and sibling rivalry.
(4) Personally， I welcomed insights into teenagers from any qualified experts， and that included the authors.
The most common missteps in interacting with teenagers, they instructed me, stem from the turf war between
parents asserting their right to know what goes on under their roof and teenagers zealously guarding their
privacy. When a child is younger, they write, every decision revolves around the parents. But now, as Ms. Fox
told me, “often your teenager is in this bubble that doesn’t include you.”
(5) Ms. Fox and Ms. Frankel acknowledge that they and their peers can be quick to interpret their parents’
remarks as dismissive or condescending and respond with hostility that masks their vulnerability. “What we
want above all is your approval，’’ they write. “Don’t forget， no matter how much we act as if we don’t care
what you say， we believe the things you say about us.”
(6) Nancy Samalin， a New York child-rearing expert and the author of Loving Without Spoiling (McGraw-
Hill, 2003)， said she didn’t agree with everything the authors suggested but found their arguments
reasonable. “When your kids are saying, ‘You don’t get it， and you never will/ there are lots of ways to
respond so that they will listen，” she said， “and that’s what the writers point out.”
(7) As for my teenager, Alex, Ms. Fox and Ms. Frankel told me I would have done better to back off or to
have asked “Is your skin feeling rougher these days?”
(8) A more successful approach， the authors suggest in their book, would have been for the mother to
offer， as Ms. Fox’s own parents did， a later curfew once a month, along with an explanation of her
concerns. “My parents helped me see，” Ms. Fox told me, “that even though they used to stay out late and
ride their bicycles to school, times have changed. These days there is a major fear factor in bringing up kids.
Parents worry about their child crossing the street."
(9) The writers said they hoped simply to shed light on teenage thinking. For their parents it did. Reminded
by Ms. Fox that teenagers can be quite territorial, her father, Steven Fox, a dentist，said， “These days Vm
• 55 •专八阅读
better about knocking on the door when 1 want to come into Lara’s room." “I try to talk to her in a more
respectful way, more as an adultish type of teenager rather lhan a childish type of teenager/' he added.
1. The book Kids Are From Mars, Parents Are From Venus is mentioned in the third paragraph
because ______ .
A. it has the same theme of the book written by the two girls
B. it has the opposite opinion to the book written by the two girls
C. it has ranked first on the list of best sellers for several times
D. it is another book that the two girls have ever written
2. As to the views mentioned in the two girls9 book, the author believes that
A. they provide some approaches to her child-rearing
B. they revealed thought patterns of teenagers and parents
C. they have obtained unanimous support from the public
D. they have overestimated the rights of teenagers
3. Which of the following words best describes teenagers as seen by the two girls?
A. Independent. B. Arrogant. C. Sensitive. D. Isolated.
4. W hat does the sentence **You don't get it, and you never will1' (6th paragraph) imply?
(答案解析见P73)
令
Passage
(l)Whom can you trust these days? It is a question posed by David Halpem of
Cambridge University, and the researchers at the Downing Street Strategy Unit who
take an interest in “social capital”. At intervals they go around asking people in
字 数 :724
assorted nations the question: “Generally speaking, would you say that most people
建 议 用 时 :8 分 钟
can be trusted?” 2 3 4 5
(2) The results are fascinating. The conclusion that leaps from the figures and into sensational headlines is
that social dislocation, religious decline, public scandals, family fragmentation and the fear of crime have made
us less trusting. Comparative surveys over 40 years suggest that British trustfulness has halved: in the 1950s 60
percent of us answered “yes, most people can be trusted”， in the 1980s 44 percent, today only 29 percent.
Trust levels also continue to fall in Ireland and the US—meanwhile, the Norwegians, Swedes, Danes and Dutch
express treniendous confidence in one another’s probity: levels are actually rising. And the Palme d’Or for
paranoid mutual suspicion goes to the Brazilians—with less than 3 percent replying “yes”一and the Turks with
6.5 percent. The French, apparently, never trusted one another and still don’t. So we become less Scandinavian
and more French (or Turkish) every year.
(3) Regarding Britain, the obvious conclusions are being drawn. Mr. Halpem and others cite reasons why
we appear less trustful: the demise of the job-for-life culture, rising divorce, physical mobility, higher
immigration, an aggressive commercial ethic and the new isolation of mass media.
(4) This is useful research, but there are a few caveats. The trouble is that you may not get a very
thoughtful answer if you merely ask—as they did last year—whether “generally speaking, most people can be
trusted”. For the British like to think of themselves as canny, savvy, nobody’s fools, we have a powerful
culture of satire and a hypercritical media which gleefully splash news of every private and public betrayal,
however trivial. In our fantasy life we court paranoia, lapping up crime thrillers and spy novels. We are
fascinated by rogues, from Chaucer’s Pardoner to Del Boy. We are bad at risk-assessment, and repeated
surveys show that we fear crime far more than is justified.
(5) So we are conditioned to claim that we don't trust people much. A Scandinavian or Dutchman is
proud to express trust and affection for his fellow-man. Our national preference is to purse the lips, shake the
head and affect an air of judicious canniness.
• 56 •Part 0 62篇阅读分类特训
(6) But if you look at the actual daily workings of British society there is an astonishing degree of
unquestioning trust of strangers, simply because we are a technological society. These respondents who tell the
researchers that “generally speaking, people cannot be trusted” are in fact blithely trusting distant strangers all
day long. For example， every time you get on a train or plane you put your life into the hands of unseen
engineers and designers, drivers， pilots and traffic controllers. The list of our trustful ways goes on and on.
Twenty minutes* contemplation of the simple scams uncovered by the BBC Watchdog should suggest that
rather than living in a state of constant suspicion， in many areas of life we are relaxed to the point of
gullibility.
(7) But ask the bald question, and we think immediately about those who publicly let us down: politicians
who broke election promises, pension funds that jeopardized our future while their directors swanned off with
bonuses， stars who turned sleazy. This is not entirely healthy. What we say will, in the end, become what we
think. US evidence is denser than ours, but broadly speaking it is clear that trust is linked to “social capital”
—networks, alliances， local societies， anything that takes people out into common places.
(8) Mr. Halpem's book will come to more infomied conclusions than I can; but my own instinct, from the
research and from observation, is to draw only two. Firstly, weVe not quite as cynical as we say we are, and
nothing like as cynical as our media. Secondly， the worst crisis of trust is not actually between citizens, but
between citizens and their government and institutions. The remedy for that is in the hands of politicians, who
ought to police their own ambition and greed and that of their corporate friends. Interference from the top is a
lousy idea. Example from the top would be much better.
1. People have lowered trustfulness NOT because of
A. strained relations in the family B. the false information in the media
C. infamous deeds of celebrities D. the society in a state of disorder
2. The author^ attitude towards Halpern^ research is that of
A. blanket approval B. slight antipathy C. strong disapproval D. slight disapproval
3. The following statements about Scandinavians or Britons are true EXCEPT
A. Scandinavians are generally frank and open B. Britons are very fond of satirical art
C. Scandinavians pretend to be shrewd D. Britons might underestimate the hazard
4. How does the author think the British tend to be in many areas of life?
5. What does the author imply at the end of the passage?
(答案解析见P73)
Passage ^
(l)The exasperated helpline caller said she couldn't get her new Dell Computer
to turn on. A Dell Computer Corp technician made sure the computer was plugged in
字 数：780
and then asked the woman what happened when she pushed the power button. “I，ve
建议用时：9 分钟 pushed and pushed on this foot pedal and nothing happens，” the woman replied.
」
“Foot pedal?” the technician asked. “Yes，” the woman said， “this little white foot
pedal with the on switch." The “foot pedal”， it turned out， was the computer’s mouse^ a handoperated device
that helps to control the computer’s operations.
(2) Personal computer makers are discovering that it’s still a low-tech world out there. While they are
finally having great success selling PCs to households, they now have to deal with people to whom monitors
and disk drivers are as foreign as another language.
(3) "It is rather mystifying to get this nice, beautiful machine and not know anything about it，’’ says a
technician who helps field consumer calls at Dell’s headquarters here. “It’s going into unfamiliar territory.
People are looking for a comfort level.”
(4) Only two years ago, most calls to PC helplines came from techniques needing help on complex
• 57 •专八阅读
problems. But now， with computer sales to homes exploding as new “multimedia" functions gain mass appeal,
PC makers say that as many as 70% of their calls come from rank novices. Partly because of the volume of
calls， some computer companies have started charging helpline users.
(5) Thc questions are often so basic that they could have been asked by opening the manual that
comes with every machine. One woman called Dell’s toll-free line to ask how to install batteries in her laptop.
When told that the directions were on the first page of the manual, the woman replied angrily. just
spent $2,(H)() for this damn thing, and Pm not going to read a book."
(6) Indeed, it seems that these buyers barely refer to a manual when a phone is at hand. If there is a
book and a phone and they’re side by side, the phone wins time after time, h’s a phenomenon of people
wanting to talk to people.
(7) And so they ever. Compaq’s help center in Houston，Texas, is inundated by some 8/KHJ consumer
calls a day， with unbelievable inquiries like this one: A frustrated customer called, who said her brand new
Compaq would not work. She had unpacked the unit, plugged it in, opened it up and, sat there for something
to happen. When asked what happened when she pressed the power switch, she asked， “What power switch?”
(8) Seemingly simple computer features baffle some users. So many people have called to ask where the
“any" key is when 44Press Any KeyM flashes on the screen that Compaq is considering changing the com
mand to 4* Press Return KeyM.
(9) Some people can’t figure out the mouse. One consumer complained that her mouse was hard to control
with the 44dust** cover on. The cover turned out to be the plastic bag the mouse was packaged in. Another
consumer held the mouse and pointed it at the screen, all the while clicking madly. He got no response be
cause the mouse works if it's moved over a flat surface. Disk drivers are another bugaboo.
(10) A customer dutifully complied with a technician’s request that she send in a copy of defective floppy
disk. A letter from the customer arrived a few days later, along with a Xerox copy of the floppy.
(11) And at Dell, a technician advised his customer to put his troubled floppy back in the drive
and "close the door' Asking the technician to “hold on’’， the customer put the phone down and was heard
walking over to shut the door to his room. The technician meant the door to his floppy drive.
(12) The software inside the computer can be equally befuddling. A Dell customer called to say he could
n't get his computer to fax anything. After 40 minutes of troubleshooting, the technician discovered the man
was trying to fax a piece of paper by holding it in front of the monitor screen and hitting the “send" key.
(13) Not realizing how fragile computers can be, some people end up damaging parts beyond repair. A
Dell customer called to complain that his keyboard no longer worked. He had cleaned it， he said, filling up
his tub with soap and water and soaking his keyboard for a day, and then removing all the keys and washing
them individually.
(14) Computers make some people paranoid. A Dell technician, Morgan Vergara, says he once calmed
a man who became enraged because “his computer had told him he was bad and an invalid”； Mr. Vergara
patiently explained that the computer’s “bad” and “invalid” responses shouldn't be taken personally.
1. The woman at first took as the power button.
A. the plug B. the keyboard C. the mouse D. the foot pedal
2. The user did all of the following funny things EXCEPT that _______•
A. the user didn't know how to switch on the computer
B. the user regarded the keyboard as a remote control
C. the user spent much time looking for a key
D. the user washed the keys individually with soap
3. The most suitable title for the passage might be .
A. Funny Computer Users B. High-tech and Low-tech
C. Computers and Helpline Users D. A Qualified Computer User
4. VVhafs the relationship between the first and second paragraphs?
5. What made some computer companies start charging helpline users?
(答 案 解 析 见 P74)
• 58 •Part 〇 62篇阅读分类特训
Passage ^
(1) That title always had grandeur to it. **Miss America.M Ah, this simple, ar
rogant brilliance! It suggests a Prom queen who wants to become the Statue of Lib
字 数:579
erty. Now she's 75 and darned if she isn't fresh as a Hard Copy headline.
建议用时:6分钟
(2) When the Atlantic City pageant airs this Saturday on NBC, some ambitious
young woman—one of the 50,000 who try out each year—will realize the gossamer
dream that last year enveloped Heather Whitestone, the first deaf Miss America. But in the months leading to
that night， the pageant has been slapped with unseemly controversy. A Miss Maryland runner-up charges that
she was denied her state title because of vote rigging. Other state runners-up are vexed because a woman who
had lost the Miss New Jersey competition four times decamped to Delaware and won the title there. The
Virginia delegate was stripped of her title after claims that she inflated her credentials. And throughout America
the anguished debate roils on: Should the swimsuit competition be dropped?
(3) Scandal is the coin of contemporary celebrity, and it arouses the interest of the public. What is interest
ing is how people come to care about the pageants politics: in 1945 the naming of the first Jewish Miss
America, Bess Myerson; in 1979 the dumping of Bert Parks, the show's emcee for 25 years; in 1984 the de
throning of Vanessa Williams, the first winner of color, after sexually provocative photos surfaced. Race，creed，
age, all have clouded the show. But like the winner at the moment of coronation—brandishing a mile-wide
smile as she sobs on the edge of both the runway and hysteria—the pageant proves that pretty can be messy.
It serves as a kitsch microcosm of a conflicted country. Miss America is America.
(4) This year Americans can be a part of tlie pageant, and not just by guessing the winner and trashing the
losers. In a plebiscite, the I-can?t-believe-it*s-a-beauty-pageant, pageant is letting viewers decide whether the
swimsuit competition will be retained. Before every commercial during the first half of the three-hour show,
two phone numbers will appear—one for yes votes， one for no. The tally will be updated throughout the
program. Normally the swimsuit competition is the first event of the evening; this year it will be the last—
unless it is eliminated. Which it wonH be. Straw polls indicate wide support. And 42 of the 50 contestants are
for it. Says Emily Orton, Miss Oregon: “The media can make you feel a lot more naked than a swimsuit. So
if you can’t be comfortable competing in this， you won’t feel comfortable being Miss America."
(5) No question that the contestants must parade as objects—not sex objects, exactly, since the bathing gear
they are made to wear is about as revealing as a cassock, but surely as objects—for ogling, for censure, for
pity. Lee Meriwether, Miss America in 1955, recalls her agony in a one piece: “I was dying a thousand
deaths. I’ve never had people stare at me like that, and with binoculars! I’ll be thrilled if they can get rid of
it.” Says this year’s Miss Montana, Amanda Granrude: “We shouldn’t have a woman in a veiled strip
show." Even Leonard Horn, who runs the Miss America Organization, says, “I personally cannot rationalize
it.M Eager to italicize the scholarship program that gives more than $24 million a year to contestants, Horn
sees the swimsuit segment as a tacky relic of Miss America's childhood.
1. According to the passage, the pageant _______.
A. is also a trick involved in politics B. denies the admittance of the dump
C. allows the contestants to reveal their vanity D. is the miniature of the American society
2. It can be inferred from the passage that the swimsuit competition
A. will be prohibited B. will continue to be held
C. will be more popular D. will be held every five years
3. W hat is the author’s attitude towards the pageant?
A. Approval. B. Neutrality. C. Disapproval. D. Suspicion.
4. Why was the Miss Maryland runner-up deprived of her state title?
5. What does the first sentence in the third paragraph indicate?
(答案解析见P74)
• 59 •专八阅读
令
Passage
(1) That is a lesson Scott Spector，15, learned the hard way, when his phone
started blasting his “American Idol Theme” ringtone as he was pretending to talk
字 数:766 into it in the hall at school last month.
建议用时：8分钟 (2) “I felt like such a dork，” said Scott, of Buffalo Grove, III. * 11
(3) Dr. Katz of Rutgers said the practice first drew his attentetinoln when students in
focus groups he had organized to study a wide range of cellphone use began mentioning it, unprompted.
(4) The habit. Dr. Katz said, is the latest technological twist in a culture that has long embraced various
forms of dissembling in the name of image， from designer knockoff handbags to plastic surgery. Some fakers
admit to programming their phones to call them at a certain time to show off their ring tones; others wrap up
make-believe Hollywood deals in front of people they want to impress.
(5) And phantom callers are often simply trying to cope with social anxiety by showing that they have
someone to call, even if they don’t. One of Dr. Katz's students said she pretended to use her cellphone when
she was out with a group of other college-age women who were all on theirs. Another did it to escape from a
fancy boutique where the prices were beyond her means without speaking to a salesperson.
(6) In that sense fake callers may not be so different from a lot of real callers, who are always partly per
forming for others even as they appear to withdraw into their own private space in public.
(7) “The cellphone allows people to show strangers that they belong， that they are part of a community
somewhere，” said Christine Rosen, who studies the serial impact of technology at the Ethics and Public Policy
Center in Washington. “Whether or not it’s a fictional call, on some level that’s why we’re doing it.”
(8) But the surfeit of counterfeit calls underscores the lengths to which people feel compelled to go to pro
ject an image for others. Sometimes the impulse is almost subconscious.
(9) Mark Konchar, a network administrator in Canton, Ohio, had just hung up after sitting in his parked car
behind a strip mall talking to a friend one afternoon, when he saw people emerging from the employee’s en
trance to one of the stores. Quickly, he put the phone back up to his ear and pretended to talk.
(10) 14I guess I thought people might wonder why you're sitting out there in your car; it might look
strange,” said Mr. Konchar，33. “It’s one of those things where after the situation happens you're wonder
ing, 4Why did I do that?,M
(11) Many women rely on fake cell phone calls when they fear for their physical safety. Yessenia Morales,
21, said she recently called a non-existent friend while being followed by a group of men on a train platform.
(12) wm see you in a few minutes,n she promised the ether.
(13) But fake calls are often made by people trying to preserve a more psychological remove. Mike Lupi-
ani uses his impersonation of someone on the phone to ignore his chatty next-door neighbors. “They ask how
your day is going and stuff,M said Mr. Lupiani, of Rochester. **I don't really have time for it.M
(14) Christina Rohall，29， said she pretends to use the phone to avoid getting hit on. “I feel awkward just
rejecting people,” said Ms. Rohall, of San Francisco.
(15) How well the fake call works is one of its most appealing qualities, and a testament to how much re
spect people automatically grant to a cellphone force field. Bartosz Sitarski, 24, said he once pretended to be
on a cellphone call for a full 15 minutes when someone he didn't want to speak to was waiting to talk to
him at a Milwaukee coffee shop. The other person finally left rather than interrupt the “call."
(16) Even security guards seem to respect the cellphone buffer, said Michael McEachem, 16, of San Diego,
who has found the fake call a useful way to get to the club level at a Padres game when he doesn't have a
pass. Some frequent fakers worry that the wireless charade will be harder to pull off once more people begin
to suspect it.
(17) But that will not deter Adam Hecht, a radiologist in Berkeley Heights，N.J., whose wife said she is
often mortified by his cellphone humor. Mr. Hecht, 40, reserves his fake phoning for places with no reception.
• 60 •Part G 62篇阅读分类特训
»
like the Tiffany’s at the Short Hills, N.J.，mall， where cellphones have apparently been rendered unusable to
preserve the ambiance: “I usually go through a long medical scenario，” he said, “that doesn’t exist.”
1. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the fake cell phone calls is INCOR
RECT?
A. Fake calls can help women callers defend their physical safety.
B. Fake calls sometimes can relieve people's anxiety in social communication.
C. Fake callers are always granted enough respect rather than suspicion.
D. Fake callers try to keep a psychological distance from others.
2. In what sense are fake callers not so different from real callers?
A. Both real andf ake calls serve the function of social interaction.
B. Both real andf ake calls require performance skills in public.
C. Both real andf ake callers are really talking to someone, real or imaginary.
D. Both real andf ake callers want to show they are not alone.
3. According to the passage, which categorization of characters is different from others?
A. Bartosz Sitarski & Michael McEachem. B. Scott Spector & Adam Hecht.
C. Dr. Katz & Christine Rosen. D. Mike Lupiani & Christina Rohall.
4. What does the phrase “wrap up” （4th paragraph) mean?
5. What is the author’s attitude towards the topic?
(答案解析见P75)
令
Passage
⑴ What a beautiful city. Lights blinking serenely, highways and rivers flowing，
bridges on guard like giant eagles. And playgrounds, playgrounds everywhere. New
字 数：807 York City is already on the map一specifically, the huge permanent Panorama that
建议用时分钟 takes up an entire gallery at the Queens Museum, displaying all 895,000 buildings in
the five boroughs.
(2) The organizers of the NYC2012 bid took the Olympic evaluation committee to the Panorama yesterday
to demonstrate what this city would look like during a Summer Games—with just a nip here, a tuck there and,
oh， by the way， a humongous stadium that would bring Western civilization and a bigger cash flow to the
West Side of Manhattan. Yesterday these very able organizers trotted out fabled athletes like Billie Jean King,
Grete Waitz, Bill Bradley, Nadia Comaneci, Bart Connor, Bob Beamon, Janet Evans and Eamonn Coghlan,
who all testified that New York would be a grand host in 2012 and an even better playground in the years
afterward.
(3) Even with vital needs for more schools, more hospitals, it is hard not to be tantalized by more sports
facilities when King tells how her apprenticeship on the public courts of Long Beach, Calif., led directly to her
glories at the United States Open in Forest Hills and Flushing Meadows. It is hard not to feel the international
dynamics of the Olympics when Bradley relates how he used his minimal Russian to trash-talk a Soviet player
at the 1964 Summer Games, before he became a member of the championship Knicks of melancholy and
ancient memory. It is hard not to be pulled into the sporting energy of New York when Waitz recalls her first
New York marathon, how she plodded through the quiet streets of Queens before crossing the Queensboro
Bridge. “I’m dying，” she said， recalling that wall of sound in Manhattan， which made her think, “Are they
talking to me?M They were indeed talking to her, urging her to run faster. King and Bradley agreed that there
was something in the New York air_ maybe the legendary New York echo， the one that talks back—that
makes people run faster， leap higher， think quicker.
• 61 •专八阅读
(4) Does any of this mean New York needs to be the host of the 2012 Summer Games? The organizers
are putting on an impressive dog-and-pony show in New York. Central Park always looks good in snow, but
this time it balances out the gaudy and temporary stunt of the bright-orange “Gates”. Not needing
gimmicks. New York already has the heady confidence of a city deeply involved in ils sports teams. The
International Olympic Committee's scouts are inspecting the city, but most New Yorkers care more about
whether Jason Giambi and Mike Piazza get their power back.
(5) The evaluation committee was taken out to Queens yesterday morning to visit the National Tennis Cen
ter. Despite the snowslomi Sunday night, the parking lots and walkways at the center were dry. “I had my
five kids out there shoveling at 4 in the morning, paid them $1 an hour，" said Jay Kriegel, the executive
director of NYC2012, who was, perhaps, joking. The NYC2012 people even organized a sortie to Madison
Square Garden, the proposed site of Olympic basketball in 2012. The Garden is run by the Dolan Cable vision
people, who are fighting the three-in-one stadium plan, but the visit was gracious on all sides. Bradley, the
former three-temi senator from New Jersey, was at the Garden, where he used to push Jack Marin of the Bal
timore Bullets and get free for backdoor layups. This time he shot baskets with the evaluation commission.
There is apparently no l.O.C. law against that.
(6) The organizers are planning to build pools and whitewater canoe courses and equeslrian centers that
would theoretically benefit New Yorkers for generations. They make a very good presentation about the lasting
value of the Games to any host city. **The l.O.C. does not want white elephants/* King said. To guarantee a
lasting impact, the NYC2012 people have organized a Legacy Foundation, which started with a $75 million
endowment. Andrew Kimball, the director of operations for NYC2012, addressed the evaluation committee and
said legacy “is a critical issue for them.”
(7) The drawback is that this entire bid is hinged upon NYC2012,s insistence on building a multipurpose
center with a retractable dome that would serve as convention center, indoor arena and Jets football
stadium. 44In fact, we are creating an entirely new neighborhood in New York City，” Kriegel said while
overlooking the low-slung railroad yards and warehouses alongside the Hudson River.
(8) The organizers may have painted themselves into a comer by ignoring the prospect of an Olympic
stadium on cheaper, more accessible open space in Queens. New York can always use better sports facilities.
But this is one city that does not need the Summer Games to put itself on the map.
1. The efforts made by organizers of the NYC2012 include the following aspects EXCEPT that
A. they put on an impressive all-around show of New York
B. they presented the lasting value of Olympics to the host city
C. they planned to provide better playgrounds and sports facilities
D. they had their children sweep snow in the National Tennis Center
2. Which of the following conclusions can we draw from the passage?
A. The athletes selected by the NYC2012 are all native New Yorkers.
B. New York authority attaches more importance to sports than education.
C. IOC's evaluation committee plays a crucial role in the eventual result.
D. The host city of Olympics can be provided financial support by the IOC.
3. Which of the following contains a different figure of speech from others?
A. Lights blinking serenely, highways and rivers flowing, bridges on guard like giant eagles.
B. The organizers are putting on an impressive dog-and-pony show in New York.
C. The organizers may have painted themselves into a comer by ignoring the prospect...
D. But this is one city that does not need the Summer Games to put itself on the map.
4. \Vhat9s the main purpose of citing athletes' statements in the third paragraph?
5. What function does the Legacy Foundation organized by the NYC2012 people serve?
(答案解析见P75)
• 62 •Part G 62篇阅读分类特训
Passage ^
(I)The social organization of Egypt was distinguished by a surprising degree of
fluidity. No inflexible caste system ever developed. All men were equal in the sight
字 数:707 of the law. Although degrees of economic inequality naturally existed, no man’s status
建议用时:7分钟 was unalterably fixed, unless he was a member of the royal family. Even serfs appear
to have been capable of rising above their humble condition. Freemen quite regularly
made the transition from one social order to another.
(2) During the greater part of the history of Egypt the population was divided into five classes: the royal
family; the priests; the nobles; the middle class of scribes, merchants, artisans, and farmers; and the serfs.
During the Empire a sixth class, the professional soldiers, was added, ranking immediately below the nobles.
Thousands of slaves were captured in this period also， and these formed for a time a seventh class. The
position of the various ranks of the society shifted from time to time. In the old kingdom the nobles and
priests among all of the Pharaoh's subjects held the supremacy. During the Middle Kingdom the classes of
commoners came into their own. Scribes, merchants, artisans, and serfs rebelled against the nobles and wrested
concessions from the government. Particularly impressive is the dominant role played by the merchants and
industrialists in this period. The establishment of the Empire accompanied, as it was by the extension of
government functions, resulted in 【he ascendancy of new nobility， made up primarily of bureaucrats. The priests
also waxed in power with the growth of magic and superstition.
(3) The gulf that separated the standards of living of the upper and lower classes of Egypt was perhaps
even wider than it is today in Europe and America. The wealthy noble lived in splendid villas that opened
into fragrant gardens and shady groves. Their food had ail the richness and variety of sundry kinds of meat,
poultry, cakes, fruit, wine，beer, and sweets. They are from vessels of alabaster, gold, and silver, and adorned
their persons with expensive fabrics and costly jewels. By contrast, the life of the poor was wretched indeed.
The labors in the towns inhabited congested slums composed of mud-brick hovels with roofs of thatch. Their
only furnishings were stools and boxes and a few crude pottery jars. The peasants on the great estates enjoyed
a less crowded but no more abundant life.
(4) The basic social unit among the Egyptians was the monogamous family. No man, not even the Pharaoh,
could have more than one lawful wife. Concubinage, however, was a socially reputable institution. Women
occupied an unusually enviable status. Wives were not secluded, and there is no record of any divorce. Women
could own and inherit property and engage in business. Almost along among Oriental peoples the Egyptians
permitted women to succeed to the throne. Another extraordinary social practice was close inbreeding. The ruler
as son of the great sun god was required to marry his sister or some other female of his immediate family
lest the divine blood be contaminated. There is evidence that many of his subjects followed the identical
custom. As yet， historians have been unable to discover any positive traces of racial degeneration produces by
this practice, probably for the reason that the Egyptian stock was genetically sound to begin with.
(5) The educational system of this ancient people was about what one would expect in a highly integrated
society. Attached to the treasury were a number of public schools equipped for the training of the thousands of
scribes whose service were necessary in the keeping of records and accounts and in the administration of
government functions. Many of them were also employed in a private capacity by the owners of the landed
estates and by the leaders of the business world. Admission to these schools was open to any promising youth
regardless of class. Apparently instruction was provided free of charge by the government because of the vital
need for trained men. None but thoroughly utilitarian subjects had any place in the curriculum; the purpose
was not education in the broader sense, but practical training. In spite of their limitations, these schools did
provide for the poor hut talented youth an avenue of escape from a life of hopeless drudgery.
• 63 •专八阅读
1. We can infer from the first paragraph all the following EXCEPT .
A. Egypt enjoyed flexible social system B. every man enjoyed the same social status
C. man could change from one social order to another D. a flexible caste system was developed
2. Close inbreeding was popular in Egypt during the ancient time because .
A. they wanted to maintain their blood's purity B. there was no other ideal choices
C. nobody knew the reasons by now D. it was a law during that time
3. What is the best title of this article?
A. Ancient Egypt's Educational System. B. Social Life in Ancient Egypt.
C. Social System in Ancient Egypt. D. Ancient Egypt's Classes System.
4. In which position were fanners ranked during the Empire?
5. What is the role of the second paragraph in the development of the topic?
(答 案 解 析 见 P75)
Passage ^
(l)How is communication actually achieved? It depends, of course， either on a
common language or on known conventions, or at least on the beginnings of these. If
字 数:670
the common language and the conventions exist, the contributor, for example， the
建议用时:7分钟
creative artist, the performer, or the reporter, tries to use them as well as he can. But
L
often, especially with original artists and thinkers, the problem is in one way that of
creating a language, or creating a convention， or at least of developing the language and conventions to the
point where they are capable of bearing his precise meaning. In literature, in music， in the visual arts, in the
sciences, in social thinking, in philosophy, this kind of development has occurred again and again. It often
takes a long time to get through, and for many people it will remain difficult. But we need never think that it
is impossible; creative energy is much more powerful than we sometimes suppose. While a man is engaged in
this struggle to say new things in new ways, he is usually more than ever concentrated on the actual work，
and not on its possible audience. Many artists and scientists share this fundamental unconcern about the ways
in which their work will be received. They may be glad if it is understood and appreciated, hurl if it is not,
but while the work is being done there can be no argument. The thing has to come out as the man himself
sees it.
(2) In this sense it is true that it is the duty of society to create conditions in which such men can live.
For whatever the value of any individual contribution, the general body of work is of immense value to
everyone. But of course things are not so formal, in reality. There is not society on the one hand and these
individuals on the other. In ordinary living， and in his work, the contributor shares in the life of his society，
which often affects him both in minor ways and in ways sometimes so deep that he is not even aware of
them. His ability to make his work public depends on the actual communication system: the language itself, or
certain visual or musical or scientific conventions, and the institutions through which the communication will be
passed. The effect of these on his actual work can be almost infinitely variable. For it is not only a
communication system outside him; it is also, however original he may be, a communication system which is
in fact part of himself. Many contributors make active use of this kind of internal communication system. It is
to themselves, in a way, that they first show their conceptions, play their music, present their arguments. Not
only as a way of getting these clear, in the process of almost endless testing that active composition involves.
But also, whether consciously or not, as a way of putting the experience into a communicable form. If one
mind has grasped it, then it may be open to other minds.
(3) In this deep sense, the society is in some ways already present in the act of composition. This is
64 •Part 〇 62篇阅读分类特训
always very difficult to understand, but often， when we have the advantage of looking back at a period, we
can see, even if we cannot explain， how this was so. We can see how much even highly original individuals
had in common, in their actual work, and in what is called their “structure of feeling”， with other individual
workers of the time, and with the society of that time to which they belonged. The historian is also
continually struck by the fact that men of this kind felt isolated at the very time when in reality they were
beginning to get through. This can also be noticed in our own time, when some of the most deeply influential
men feel isolated and even rejected. The society and the communication are there， but it is difficult to
recognize them, difficult to be sure.
1. Creative artists and thinkers achieve communication by .
A. depending on shared conventions B. fashioning their own conventions
C. adjusting their personal feelings D. elaborating a common language
2. According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A. Individual contributions combined possess great significance to the public.
B. Good contributors don't neglect the use of internal communication system.
C. Everyone except those original people comes under the influence of society.
D. Knowing how to communicate is universal among human beings.
3. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A. Communication depends on a common language or known conventions.
B. Original contributors need create new conventions to communicate their precise meanings.
C. The scKiety need create conditions for original contributors to live in.
D. New ways of communication by creative contributors originate from the society.
4. Whafs the common characteristic of artists and scientists involved in creative work?
5. Why do highly original individuals feel isolated?
(答案解析见P76)
令
Passage
(1)1 was just a boy when my father brought me to Harlem for the first time,
almost 50 years ago. We stayed at the Hotel Theresa， a grand brick structure at
字 数：570 125th Street and Seventh Avenue. Once, in the hotel restaurant, my father pointed out
建议用时:7分钟 Joe Louis. He even got Mr. Brown, the hotel manager, to introduce me to him, a bit
J paunchy but still the champ as far as I was concerned.
(2) Much has changed since then. Business and real estate are booming. Some say a new renaissance is
under way. Others decry what they see as outside forces running roughshod over the old Harlem.
(3) New York meant Harlem to me， and as a young man I visited it whenever I could. But many of my
old haunts are gone. The Theresa shut down in 1966. National chains that once ignored Harlem now anticipate
yuppie money and want pieces of this prime Manhattan real estate. So here I am on a hot August afternoon,
sitting in a Starbucks that two years ago opened a block away from the Theresa, snatching at memories
between sips of high-priced coffee. I am about to open up a piece of the old Harlem—the New York
Amsterdam News—when a tourist asking directions to Sylvia's, a prominent Harlem restaurant, penetrates my
daydreaming. He*s carrying a book: Touring Historic Harlem.
(4) History. I miss Mr. Michaux’s bookstore， his House of Common Sense, which was across from the
Theresa. He had a big billboard out front with brown and black faces painted on it that said in large letters:
“World History Book Outlet on 2,000,000,000 Africans and Nonwhite People.” An ugly state office building
has swallowed that space.
(5) 1 miss speaker like Carlos Cooks， who was always on the southwest comer of 125th and Seventh，
urging listeners to support Africa. Harlem’s powerful political electricity seems unplugged—although the streets
• 65 •专八阅读
are still energized, especially by West African immigrants.
(6) Hardworking southern newcomers formed the bulk of the community back in the 1920's and 1930\s,
when Harlem renaissance artists, writers， and intellectuals gave it a glitter and renown that made it the capital
of black America. From Harlem, W. E. B. DuBois, Langston Hughes, Paul Robeson, Zora Neal Hurston, and
others helped power America's cultural influence around the world.
(7) By the 1^7()s and ’80s drugs and crime had ravaged parts of the community. And the life expectancy
for men in Harlem was less than that of men in Bangladesh. Harlem had become a symbol of the dangers of
inner-city life.
(8)N ow, you want to shout “Lookin’ good! ” at this place that has been neglected for so long. Crowds
push into Harlem USA, a new shopping centre on 125th, where a Disney store shares space with HMV
Records, the New York Sports Club, and a nine-screen Magic Johnson theatre complex. Nearby, a Rite Aid
drugstore also opened. Maybe part of the reason Harlem seems to be undergoing a rebirth is that it is finally
getting what most people take for granted.
(9) Harlem is also part of an “empowerment zone"—a federal designation aimed at fostering economic
growth that will bring over half a billion in federal, state， and local dollars. Just the shells of once elegant old
brownstones now can cost several hundred thousand dollars. Rents are skyrocketing. An improved economy,
tougher law enforcement, and community efforts against drugs have contributed to a 60 percent drop in crime since
1993.
1. At the beginning the author seems to indicate that Harlem _____ •
A. has remained unchanged all these years
B. has undergone drastic changes
C. has become the capital of Black America
D. has remained a symbol of dangers of inner-city life
2. From the passage we can infer that, generally speaking, the author _____ .
A. has strong reservations about the changes B. has slight reservations about the changes
C. welcomes the changes in Harlem D. is completely opposed to the changes
3. Which of the following is true about Harlem today?
A. The life expectancy for men there is less than other parts of the country.
B. Great black Americans in Harlem make it the capital of black America.
C. Drugs and crime are a big problem now in Harlem.
D. Houses are very expensive in Harlem because of its growing economy.
4. What feeling does the author have when he recalls Harlem in the old days?
5. What made Harlem the capital of Black America in the 1920s and 30s?
(答案解析见P76)
(l)Oscar Wilde said that work is the refuge of people who have nothing better
to do. If so, Americans are now among the world's saddest refugees. Factory workers
字 数：658
in the United States are working longer hours than at any time in the past half
建议用时:7分钟
century. America once led the rich world in cutting the average working week—from
70 hours in 1850 to less than 40 hours by the 1950s. It seemed natural that as
people grew richer they would trade extra earnings for more leisure. Since the 1970s» however, the hours
clocked up by American workers have risen, to an average of 42 this year in manufacturing.
(2)Several studies suggest that something similar is happening outside manufacturing: Americans are
spending more time at work than they did 20 years ago. Executives and lawyers boast of 80-hour weeks. On
holiday, they seek out fax machines and phones as eagerly as Germans bag the best sun-loungers. Yet working
• 66 •Part❿ 62篇阅读分类特训
time in Europe and Japan continues to fall. In Germany’s engineering industry the working week is to be
trimmed from 36 to 35 hours next year. Most Gentians get six weeks’ paid annual holiday; even the Japanese
now take three weeks. Americans still make do with just two.
(3) Germany responds to this contrast with its usual concern about whether people’s aversion to work is
damaging its competitiveness. Yet German workers, like the Japanese, seem to be acting sensibly: as their
incomes rise， they can achieve a better standard of living with fewer hours of work. The puzzle is why
America， the world’s richest country, sees things differently. It is a puzzle with sinister social implications.
Parents spend less time with their children, who may be left alone at home for longer. Is it just a coincidence
that juvenile crime is on the rise?
(4) Some explanations for America’s time at work fail to stand up to scrutiny. One blames weak trade
unions that leave workers open to exploitation. Are workers being forced by cost-cutting firms to toil harder
just to keep their jobs? A recent study by two American economists, Richard Freeman and Linda Bell, suggests
not: when asked, Americans actually want to work longer hours. Most German workers, in contrast, would
rather work less.
(5) Then， why do Americans want to work harder? One reason may be that the real earnings of many
Americans have been stagnant or falling during the past two decades. People work longer merely to maintain
their living standards. Yet many higher-skilled workers, who have enjoyed big increases in their real pay, have
been working harder too. Also, one reason for the slow growth of wages has been the rapid growth in
employment—which is more or less where the argument began.
(6) Taxes may have something to do with it. People who work an extra hour in America are allowed to
keep more of their money than those who do the same in Germany. Falls in marginal tax rates in America
since the 1970s have made it all the more profitable to work longer.
(7) None of these answers really explains why the century-long decline in working hours has gone into
reverse in America but not elsewhere (though Britain shows signs of following America's lead). Perhaps cultural
differences—the last refuge of the defeated economist—are at play. Economists used to believe that once
workers earned enough to provide for their basic needs and allow for a few luxuries， their incentive to work
would be eroded, like lions relaxing after a kill. But humans are more susceptible to advertising than lions.
Perhaps clever marketing has ensured that “basic needs”一for a shower with built-in TV, for a rocket-propelled
car—expand continuously. Shopping is already one of America's most popular pastimes. But it requires
money_ hence more work and less leisure.
(8) Or try this: the television is not very good, and baseball and hockey keep being wiped out by strikes.
Perhaps Wilde was right. Maybe Americans have nothing better to do.
1. In the United States, working longer hours is .
A. confined to the manufacturing industry B. a traditional practice in some sectors
C. prevalent in all sectors of society D. favoured by the economists
2. According to the third paragraph, which might be one of the coasequences of working longer hours?
A. Rise in employees’ working efficiency. B. Rise in the number of young offenders.
C. Rise in people's living standards. D. Rise in competitiveness.
3. Which of the following is true about American workers according to the passage?
A. They are more diligent than those from other developed countries.
B. They earn more than those from other developed countries.
C. They prefer to spend more time with their children but are forced to work long hours.
D. Tax policies make it profitable for American workers to work extra time.
4. W hat are used by the economists to account for Americans wanting to work longer hours?
5. W hat is the cause of working longer hours stated by the writer?
(答案解析见P76)
• 67 •专八阅读
Passage
(1) The biggest problem facing Chile as it promotes itself as a tourist destination
to be reckoned with, is that it is at the end of the earth. It is too far south to be a
字 数:734 convenient stop on the way to anywhere else and is much farther than a relatively
建议用时：8 分钟 cheap half-day’s flight away from the big tourist markets, unlike Mexico, for example.
(2) Chile, therefore， is having to fight hard to attract tourists, to convince travellers to
that it is worth coming halfway round the world to visit. But it is succeeding* not only in existing markets
like the USA and Western Europe but in new territories, in particular the Far East. Markets closer to home,
however, are not being forgotten. More that 50% of visitors to Chile still come from its nearest neighbour. Ar
gentina, where the cost of living is much higher.
(3) Like all South American countries, Chile sees tourism as a valuable earner of foreign currency, although
it has been far more serious than most in promoting its image abroad. Relatively stable politically within the
region, it has benefited from the problems suffered in other areas. In Peru, guerrilla warfare in recent years has
dealt a heavy blow to the tourist industry and fear of street crime in Brazil has reduced the attraction of Rio
de Janeiro as a dream destination for foreigners.
(4) More than 150t(KK) people are directly involved in Chile’s tourist sector， an industry which earns the
country more than US $950 million each year. The state-run National Tourism Service, in partnership with a
number of private companies, is currently running a world-wide campaign, taking part in trade fairs and
international events to attract visitors to Chile.
(5>Chile’s great strength as a tourist destination is its geographical diversity. From the parched Atacama
Desert in the north to the Antarctic snowfields of the south, it is more than S,(KK)km long. With the Pacific on
one side and the Andean mountains on the other， Chile boasts natural attractions. Its beaches are not up to
Caribbean standards but resorts such as Vina del Mar are generally clean and unspoilt and have a high
standard of services.
(6) But the trump card is the Andes mountain range. There are a number of excellent ski resorts within
one hour’s drive of the capital, Santiago， and the national parks in the south are home to rare animal and
plant species. The parks already attract specialist visitors, including mountaineers, who come to climb the
technically difficult peaks, and fishermen, lured by the salmon and trout in the region’s rivers.
(7) However, infrastructural development in these areas isl imited. The ski resorts do not have as many lifts
as their European counterparts and the poor quality of roads in the south means that only the most determined
travellers see the best of the national parks.
(8) Air links between Chile and the rest of the world are, at present, relatively poor. While Chile's two
largest airlines have extensive networks within South America, they operate only a small number of routes to
the United States and Europe, while services to Asia are almost non-existent.
(9) Intemal transport links are being improved and luxury hotels are being built in one of its national parks.
Nor is development being restricted to the Andes. Easter Island and Chile's Antarctic Territory are also on the
list of areas where the Government believes it can create tourist markets.
(10) But the rush to open hitherto inaccessible areas to mass tourism is not being welcomed by everyone. me.
Indigenous and environmental groups, including Greenpeace, say that many parts of the Andes will suffer if
they become over-developed. There is a genuine fear that areas of Chile will suffer the cultural destruction
witnessed in Mexico and European resorts.
(11 )The policy of opening up Antarctica to tourism is also politically sensitive. Chile already has perma
nent settlements on the ice and many people see the decision to allow tourists there as a political move，en
hancing Santiago's territorial claim over part of Antarctica.
(12)The Chilean Government has promised to respect the environment as it seeks to bring tourism to these
areas. But there are immense commercial pressures to exploit the country's tourism potential. The Government
• 68 •Part❿ 62篇阅读分类特训
will have to monitor developments closely if it is genuinely concerned in creating a balanced, controlled
industry and if the price of an increasingly lucrative tourist market is not going to mean the loss of many of
Chile’s natural riches.
1. Chile is disadvantaged in the promotion of its tourism by .
A. geographical location B. guerrilla warfare C. political instability D. street crime
2. Many of Chile^ tourists used to come from EXCEPT .
A. U.S.A B. the Far East C. Western Europe D. her neighbours
3. The objection to the development of Chile^ tourism might he all EXCEPT that it .
A. is ambitious and unrealistic B. is politically sensitive
C. will bring harm to culture D. will cause pollution in the area
4. According to the author， what is Chile’s greatest attraction?
5. According to the passage, in which area improvement is already under way?
(答案解析见P77)
Passage
(1) This month Singapore passed a bill that would give legal teeth to the moral
obligation to support one’s parents. Called the Maintenance of Parents Bill, it received
字 数:817 the backing of the Singapore Govemmenl.
建议用时:9分钟 (2) That does not mean it hasn’t generated discussion. Several members of the
Parliament opposed the measure as un-Asian. Others who acknowledged the problem
of the elderly poor believed it a disproportionate response. Still others believe it will subvert relations within
the family; cynics dubbed it the “Sue Your Son” law.
(3) Those who say that the bill does not promote filial responsibility, of course, are right. It has nothing to
do with filial responsibility. It kicks in where filial responsibility fails. The law cannot legislate filial
responsibility any more than it can legislate love. All the law can do is to provide a safety net where this
morality proves insufficient. Singapore needs this bill not to replace morality, but to provide incentives to shore
it up.
(4) Like many other developed nations, Singapore faces the problems of an increasing proportion of people
over 60 years of age. Demography is inexorable. In 1980, 7.2% of the population was in this bracket. By the
turn of the century, that figure will grow to 11%. By 2030, the proportion is projected to be 26%. The
problem is not old age per se. It is that the ratio of economically active people to economically inactive
people will decline.
(5) But no amount of government exhortation or paternalism will completely eliminate the problem of old
people who have insufficient means to make ends meet Some people will fall through the holes in any safety net.
(6) Traditionally, a person's insurance against poverty in his old age was his family. This is not a revolution
ary concept. Nor is it uniquely Asian. Care and support for one’s parents is a universal value shared by all
civilized societies.
(7) The problem in Singapore is that the moral obligation to look after one's parents is unenforceable. A
father can be compelled by law to maintain his children. A husband can be forced to support his wife. But,
until now, a son or daughter had no legal obligation to support his or her parents.
(8) In 1989, an Advisory Council was set up to look into the problems of the aged Its report stated with a
tinge of complacency that 95% of those who did not have their own income were receiving cash contributions
from relations. But what about the 5% who aren't getting relatives' support? They have several options: (a) get
a job and work until they die; (b) apply for public assistance (you have to be destitute to apply); or (c) starve
quietly. None of these options is socially acceptable. And what if this 5% figure grows, as it is likely to do,
as society ages?
• 69 •专八阅读 .
(9) The Maintenance of Parents Bill was put forth to encourage the traditional virtues that have so far kepi
Asian nations from some of the breakdowns encountered in other affluent societies. This legislation will allow a
person to apply to the court for maintenance from any or all of his children. The court would have the discretion
to refuse to make an order if it is unjust
(10) Those who deride the proposal for opening up the courts to family lawsuits miss the point Only in
extreme cases would any parent take his child to court If it does indeed become law, the bill’s effect would be
far more subtle.
(11 )First， it will reaffirm the notion that it is each individual’s—not society’s—responsibility to look after
his parents. Singapore is still conservative enough that most people will not object to this idea. It reinforces the
traditional values and it doesn't hurl a society now and then to remind itself of its core values.
(12) Second, and more important, it will make those who are inclined to shirk their responsibilities think
twice. Until now, if a person asked family elders, clergymen or the Ministry of Community Development to
help get financial support from his children, the most they could do was to mediate. But mediators have no
teeth, and a child could simply ignore their pleas.
(13) But to be sued by one*s parents would be a massive loss of face. It would be a public disgrace. Few
people would be so thick-skinned as to say， “Sue and be damned”. The hand of the conciliator would be
immeasurably strengthened. It is far more likely that some sort of amicable settlement would be reached if the
recalcitrant son or daughter knows that the alternative is a public trial.
(14) It would be nice to think that Singapore doesn't need this kind of law. But that belief ignores the clear
demographic trends and the effect of affluence itself on traditional bonds. Those of us who pushed for the bill
will consider ourselves most successful if it acts as an incentive not to have it invoked in the first place.
1. By quoting the growing percentage points of the aged in the population， the author seems to imply
that _____•
A. the country will face mounting problems of the old in future
B. the social welfare system would be under great pressure
C. young people should be given more moral education
D. the old should be provided with means of livelihood
2. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
A. Filial responsibility in Singapore is enforced by law.
B. Fathers have legal obligations to look after their children.
C. It is an acceptable practice for the old to continue working.
D. The Advisory Council was dissatisfied with the problems of the old.
3. The author thinks that if the Bill becomes law, its effect would be .
A. indirect B. unnoticed C. apparent D. straightforward
4. At the end of the passage， the author seems to imply that success of the Bill depends upon •
A. strict enforcement B. public support C. government assurance D. filial awareness
5. Whafs the purpose of the Maintenance of Parents Bill?
6. What does the author seem to suggest about traditional values?
(答案解析见P77)
Passage
(l)Despite Denmark's manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are
to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about
字 数:670 Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the
建议用时：7 分钟 difficulty of its language， the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their
countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say,
• 70 •Part❽ 62篇阅读分类特训
“Denmark is a great country.” You're supposed to figure this out for yourself.
(2) It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life’s
inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools， day care， retraining programmes, job seminars一Danes
love seminars: three days at a study center hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is
a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music， the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish
absorbs—there is no Danish Academy to defend against it—old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be
understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where， as the saying goes, “Few have too much and fewer have
too and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a
level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It’s a nation of
recyclers—about 55% of Danish garbage gets made into something new—and no nuclear power plants. It’s a
nation of tireless planners. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.
(3) Such a nation of overachievers. A brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says,44Denmark is
one of the world’s cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty.
Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere•” So, of course, one’s heart lifts at any
sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings (“Foreigners Out of Denmark!”）， broken beer bottles in
the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park.
(4) Nonetheless， it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone
wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation
of jaywalkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it’s 2 a.m. and there’s
not a car in sight. However, Danes don't think of themselves as a waiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people—
that’s how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free
spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and
Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing
capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker^ banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by
container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young，English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined
people will get your goods around to Scandinavia， the Baltic States， and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways，
and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.
(5) The orderliness of the society doesn’t mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or
mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of
alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society
cannot exempt its members from the hazards of life.
(6) But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by
virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn’t feel bad for taking what you’re entitled to，you’re as good as anyone
else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the
steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to
weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.
1. The author thinks that Danes adopt a ______ attitude towards their country.
A. boastful B. modest C. deprecating D. mysterious
2. Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the passage?
A. Fondness of foreign culture. B. Equality in society.
C. Linguistic tolerance. D. Persistent planning.
3. According to the passage, Danish orderliness ______•
A. sets the people apart from Germans and Swedes
B. spares Danes social troubles besetting other peoples
C. is considered economically essential to the country
D. prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles
4. At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that ______•
A. Danes are clearly informed of their social benefits B. Danes take for granted what is given to them
• 71 •专八阅读
C. the open system helps to tide the country over D. orderliness has alleviated unemployment
5. What9s the author's attitude towards the statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry?
(答案解忻见P78)
(U^Twenty years ago, Blackpool turned its back on the sea and iried to make
itself into an entertainment centre/* says Robin Wood, a local official. “Now the
字 数：762 thinking is that we should try to refocus on the sea and make Blackpool a family
建议用时:8分钟 destination again.M To say that Blackpool neglected the sea is to put it mildly. In
1976 the European Community, as it then was called, instructed member nations to
make their beaches conform to certain minimum standards of cleanliness within ten
years. Britain, rather than complying, took the novel strategy of contending that many of its most popular
beaches were not swimming beaches at all. Because of Britain’s climate the sea-bathing season is short, and
most people don't go in above their knees anyway—and hence can’t really be said to be swimming. By
averaging out the number of people actually swimming across 365 days of the year, the government was able
to persuade itself, if no one else, that Britain had hardly any real swimming beaches.
(2) As one environmentalist put it to me: “You had the ludicrous situation in which Luxembourg had more
listed public bathing beaches than the whole of the United Kingdom. It was preposterous.”
(3) Meanwhile, Blackpool continued to discharge raw sewage straight into the sea. Finally, after much
pressure from both environmental groups and the European Union, the local water authority built a new waste-
treatment facility for the whole of Blackpool and neighbouring communities. The facility came online in June
1996. For the first time since the industrial revolution Blackpool's waters are safe to swim in.
(4) That done, the town is now turning its attention to making the sea-front more visually attractive. The
promenade, once a rather elegant place to stroll, had become increasingly tatty and neglected. “It was built in
Victorian times and needed a thorough overhaul anyway,” says Wood, “so we decided to make aesthetic
improvements at the same time» to try to draw people back to it.M Blackpool recently spent about $1.4 million
building new kiosks for vendors and improving seating around the Central Pier and plans to spend a further
$1S million on various amenity projects.
⑸ The most striking thing about Blackpool these days compared with 20 years ago is how empty its
beaches are. When the tide is out, Blackpool’s beaches are a vast plain of beckoning sand. They look spacious
enough to accommodate comfortably the entire populace of northern England. Ken Welsby remembers days
when, as he puts it, “you couldn’t lay down a handkerchief on this beach, it was that crowded.**
(6) Welsby comes from Preston, 20 miles down the road, and has been visiting Blackpool all his life. Now
retired, he had come for the day with his wife, Kitty, and their three young grandchildren, who were gravely
absorbed in building a sandcastle. “Two hundred thousand people they’d have on this beach sometimes，”
Welsby said. “You can’t imagine it now, can you?”
(7) Indeed I could not. Though it was a bright sunny day in the middle of summer, I counted just 13
people scattered along a half mile or so of open sand. Except for those rare times when hot weather and a
public holiday coincide, it is like this nearly always now.
(8) “You can’t imagine how exciting it was to come here for the day when we were young," Kitty said.
“Even from Preston, it was a big treat. Now children don't want the beach. They want arcade games and rides
in helicopters and goodness knows what else.** She stared out over the glittery water. “We’ll never see those
days again. It's sad really/*
(9) "But your grandchildren seem to be enjoying it,M I pointed out.
(10) “For the moment，” Ken said. “For the moment.”
(11) Afterward I went for a long walk along the empty beach, then went back to the town centre and
treated myself to a large portion of fish-and-chips wrapped in paper. The way they cook it in Blackpool, it
• 72 •Part❿ 62篇阅读分类特训
isn’t so much a meal as an invitation to a heart attack, but it was delicious. Far out over the sea the sun was
setting with such splendor that I would almost have sworn I could hear the water hiss where it touched.
(12)Bchind me the lights of Blackpool Tower were just twinkling on, and the streets were beginning to
fill with happy evening throngs. In the purply light of dusk the town looked peaceful and happy一enchanting
even—and there was an engaging air of expectancy, of fun about to happen. Somewhat to my surprise, I
realized that this place was beginning to grow on me.
1. At the beginning, the passage seems to suggest that Blackpool .
A. will continue to remain as an entertainment centre B. complied with EC’s standards of cleanliness
C. had no swimming beaches all along D. is planning to revive its former attraction
2. We can learn from the passage that Blackpool used to .
A. have as many beaches as Luxembourg B. have seriously polluted drinking water
C. boast some imposing seafront sights D. attract few domestic holiday makers
3. What Blackpool's beaches strike visitors most is their .
A. emptiness B. cleanliness C. modernity D. monotony
4. It can be inferred at the end of the passage that the author _____ •
A. took a fancy to Blackpool B. felt exhausted after a day trip
C. was surprised by the meal D. felt isolated in Blackpool
5. What does the word “ludicrous” （2nd paragraph) mean?
6. What is the role of the example of Ken Welsby?
(答案解析见P78)
I答案+解 析
Passage 1 ...........................................................................................................................................
1. [A】【解析】第3 段倒数第2 句指出，这两位少女作家写的书类似《孩子来自火星.父 母 来 金 星 》这类书，剖析
了靑少年的言行举止，因此选A。
2. [A ]【解析】第 7、8 段很M然是关于作荇从中得到的一些处理母子关系的达议，W此 A 正 确 第 9 段首句表明
这本朽主要反映的是青少年的思想，B 错；由第6 段抟句可知并非所冇人都赞同此li的观点，C 错;D 无原
文依据。
3 . 【C】【解析】第 2、9 段中两位少女作家指导作者如何处理吁子关系时，强调孩子不愿总被当作孩子，应该照顾
他的感受。尤其第5 段提到青少年外表抗拒是为掩饰其内心的脆弱，由此可知他们感情上极其敏感，故 C
正 确 B、D 与文章主题尤关，应予排除，取点要注意干扰项A,文中两位少女客观反映同龄人的想法，强调
" 少年不愿总被父母当作孩子符，他们S 然冇独立的倾向，但不足本文叙述的m点，故排除
4. It’s teenagers’ excuse to disguise their vulnerability.
【解析】笫6 段这句的字面意思为“你n 不会理解的，永远不会”,这 •孩子对父母说的一句话第5段提到当青
少年觉得与父母的谈话是建立在不平等基础之上，就会摆出敌对态度，以掩盖他们的脆弱（respond with a
hostility that masks their vulnerability),而第6 段这句正是齊少年对家长的敌视冋应，所以它所暗示的,育下之
意可以表述为 It’s teenagers’ excuse to disguise their vulnerability。
Passage 2
1. IB ]【解析】第2 段第2 句提到，从统计数字和耸人听闻的新闻提要可知，社会混乱、宗教衰落、公众丑闻、家庭
破裂以及对犯罪的恐惧使我们较少信任他人，B“媒体中的虚假信息”未在文中体现，故选B:A、C、D 分别是
对原文该句的 family fragmentation, public scandals 和 social dislocation 的同义改写，故可一并排除。
2. [D】【解析】第 4 段首句提到，这项调査的确是有益的，不过有几点要注意；第 2 句又提到，如果像去年那
样……得到的也许是个未经深思熟虑的回答。而末段首句作者说到Halpern的书的结论比自己的更有见
• 73 •专八阅读
地，但……得出两个结论= 由此可以判断.作者对这项调査总体是肯定的，只是还有小小的意见要提，故
选D〇
3 . 丨C】【解析丨第5段求句提到，我们（英国人）更喜欢噘荇嘴摇着头，假装楮明机智。但文中并未如此描述斯堪的
纳维亚人，因此选C :根据第2 段末句和第5段第2 句可知，斯堪的纳维亚人通常都是坦率开明的，故排除
A;由第4 段第3 句可知，B 正确，而 D 是对该段第6 句前一分句的同义改写。
4. They (end to be credulous, according to the author.
【解析】第6 段末句表明.英国人没有一直生活在怀疑中，其实在生活的很多方面，都松懈到了轻信的地步，因
此答案可表述为 They tend to be credulous, according to the author:.
5. Government should set a good example for people.
【解析丨文章M后H句提到，解救良方在于政客管好自己和他们商界朋友的野心和贪欲；上级的表率比干预更有
效，言下之即政府应树立榜样，从而起到表率作用，故答案可表述为Government should set a good example
for people
Passage 3
1 . [C ]【解析丨文中说这位妇女打不开电脑，技术人员以为她没有按开始键.她却说一直在按“脚踏板"。最后一句
又指出，这个所谓的“脚踏板”其实是鼠标（the mouse),这就说明这位妇女把鼠标当成了开机键，所以选C。
2. [B ]【解析】第 1段指出，那位妇女把鼠标当成了开机键，其实也就和使用电视机一样，以为鼠标是遥控器B 与
原文不符，故为答案.
3. [A ]【解析】本文主要讲述的是关于人们使用电脑的奇闻轶爭，从顾客不会开机、洗涤键盘、寻找Any Key等事
例可以发现,这些问题都十分滑梢A 浓缩了原文的意思，最适合作为标题„ B 范闱过于宽泛;C 表述模糊，
并没指出computers and helpline users做了什么亊；文荸也没有提到computer user应该怎样做到D 中的
qualified,故均可排除。
4. The first gives examples and the second generalizes.
【解析】第 1段举了一位顾客打热线电话求助的If例，第 2 段总结分析了这类求助的特点：技术含tt低、顾客甚
至一窍不通。故答案可表述为 The first gives examples and the second generalizes。
5. The volume of calls from helpline users.
[解析丨第4 段末句指出，电脑公司对热线电话收费的部分原因是接入的缘故；第 5 段又具体阐明了理由：用
户不愿意査用户手册去解决一些基本问题。所以，答案可以直接表述为The volume of ca丨丨s from helpline
users,也可以将第5段讲的具体理由进行归纳，表述为Many users’ reluctance to refer to the manual。
Passage 4
1 . 丨D ]【解析】第 3 段提到，有趣的是人们如何关心选美比赛的政治内涵：1945年第一次提名犹太人美国小姐；
1979年著名选美节目主持人被弃用……本段最后说“它是一个充满矛盾的闽家谢俗艺术的缩影”。据此，选D。
2. [B】【解析】第4 段第2 句提到，今年的选美竞赛会让观众参与决定是否要保留泳装赛这一环节，第 7句指出投
票结果表明公民对此环节还是大为支持。末段末句指出笛恩看重每年给参赛者2400万美金的计划。因此
可以推测，泳装赛这一环节可能继续存在下去，故选B。
3. [C】【解析】作者在文中使用了 simple，arrogant，scandal，kitsch这样的字眼进行描述，显然作者对这一務事持
反对态度，据此可选C。本题很容易误选B“中立”，因为第4 段有大众对这一赛事支持的观点，并不能代表
作者的态度，故排除。
4. Because someone rigged the vote.
【解析】第2 段第3 句提到一位马里兰州小姐亚军提出控诉，指出由于有人操纵选票（vote rigging),自己被剥
了夺州小姐称号；rig指用不正当手段操纵或控制（选举、工作任命或比赛等），因此答案可表述为Because
someone rigged the vote
5. The public is interested in disgraceful information.
【解析】第 3 段首句中的coin表示“有价值的东西”，celebrity用作可数名词时指“名人”,用作不可数名词时指
“名声、名望、著名” 该句的含义是：当前人们出名就要弄出一些绯闻来，它能引起人们的兴趣。由此可知，公众
感兴趣的是徘闻，也就是令人出丑的信息，故本题答案为The public is interested in disgraceful information。
• 74 •Part 〇 62篇阅读分类特训 ^ 、
:牮研外《
Passage 5 ..........................-................................-............................................................-
1 . 丨c ] 【解析】倒数第2段末句提到，经常伪装打电话者担心一旦更多的人开始怀疑，他们的招数就难以为继r,
可以推断伪装打电话者并不总是被信任的；此外，最后一段也讲述了一个不是很成功的例子，W此选C A
与第11段首句相符;B 与第5段首句相符;D 与第13段首句相符，均符合文意，可排除
2 . 丨A】【解析】第6 段提到，从那种意义上说伪装打电话者与真实打电话者没多大区别•诨正打电话者一定程度
上也是做给旁人看的。那从什么意义上？追溯到前一段，一些人为了缓解交际中的焦虑而伪装打电话，可推
断是为了社交功能，故选A。B“需要表演能力”是望文生义;C 是表层意思；fW D“表明己不是孤独的"涉
及的是第5段中第一个具体例子，以偏概全。
3. [C j【解析】从第3 至 5 段可以得知Dr. Katz是关注伪装打电话这一现象的一名教授，第 7 段提到Christine
Rosen是一名研究员，而浏览全文则发现其他人都是列举的现身说法的伪装打电话者因此，选 C
4. Settle.
【解析】第4 段末句提到，一些人为了在人前获得好印象故意假装打电话谈一些虚无的好莱坞生意: wrap有
“包，裹”的意思，wrap up从字面看意为“包好，包装起来”，结合其后的宾语“虚拟的好莱坞生意"（make-believe
Hollywood deals),大致意思是“包装好那些虚拟的好莱坞生意”，即“假装解决/谈妥了好莱坞生意”，W此答案可
表述为Settle。
5. Neutrality.
【解析】本文通过众多亲历者的例子叙述了虚拟电话的正负两方面作用通读全文会发现文章用第三人称叙
述，且很多是引用人物的原话，只是客观的描述了一种现象，所以作者对本文讨论话题持的是中立态度，答案可
简单表述为Neutrality,也可用The author takes a neutral stance on the topic这样的句子来回答.但要注意控
制字数3
Passage 6 .................-........................................................................................
1. [D ]【解析】第 5 段开头提到夜里下雪但停车场和跑道很干净，奥屮委执行理事说他比fl己的孩子凌展起来扫
雪，后文说他可能是在开玩笑。因此这不能作为奥申委为申奥所做的努力，故 D错 A、B、C -:项的内容在
这3 段均有体现,不符合题意。
2_ [C j【解析】本文描述了纽约奥串委做出种种努力迎接国际奥委会评估团的考察，陈述理由并展示实力，据此
可以推出评估团对于最终的结果起着关键作用，因此C 是正确推断
3. [A】【解析】A 把桥比喻成鹰，且有比喻词like,因此修辞手法为明喻(simile)。B、C、D 三句都是暗喻(metaphor),
B 用马戏表演比喻缺乏实质内容的盛大表演；C 用涂地板吋将自己涂到角落比喻陷人W境；D 用标上地图
比喻偏僻的地方突然举世闻名。故本题应选A。
4. To prove New York's capacity of hosting the Olympics.
[解析）第 2 段末句明确指出，^ 组委选出这些运动'员代表是为了证明纽约举办奥运的能力；第 3 段主要是通
过一些运动员代表的陈述来证明这一点，因此答案为To prove New York’s capacity of hosting the
Olympics。
5. It serves as one important financial source.
【解析丨第6 段提到，一些场馆设施的建设要考虑其长远价•值，为了这个目的，奥中委成立了IS产基金会，起始
捐赠为$75 million,据此可推断该基金会是奥组委的经济来源之一，因此答案可表述为It serves as one
important financial source 〇
Passage 7 .................................-.......................................................................................................
1. [B ]【解析】第 1段提到，人们只有在法律面前才平等，而并非都享有同等社会地位，故选B A“埃及社会体制
自由”、C“人们可以从一个社会阶层变换到另一个社会阶层”和D“发展了 H由的社会等级制度”均在本段
中有体现，故排除。
2. |A ]【解析】第 4段讲述埃及实行一夫一妻制，他们也实行近亲结婚，以保证血统纯正，故 A 符 合 题 意 A 中的
maintain their blood’s purity 是文中的 lest the divine blood be contaminated 的同义替换,.，
3. [B ]【解析丨文章从古埃及的社会阶层、各社会等级间的财富差距、社会基本组成结构、教育制度等方面介绍丫
古埃及的社会生活的方方面面，很容易得出“古埃及的社会生活”这一答案，即B A“古埃及的教育制度”是第
■ 75 .专八阅读
5段的段意,C“rV故及社会制度”是第1段的段意,D“古埃及的等级制度”是第2 段的段意，都是片面的fl!解
4. The fifth.
[解析丨在Empire时期，新的排序为：垡族、牧师、贵族、士兵、中产阶级（包括农民）、农奴所以，farmer排在第ft
位，答案为The fifth。
5. To offer supporting evidence to the preceding paragraph.
【解析】第丨段总述占埃及社会人民享受比较A由的社会组织结构，第 2 段叙述各个时朗社会阶层地位的变
化，为上一段观点提供例证支持，故答案为To offer supporting evidence to the preceding paragraph
1 . 间 【解析I 第 1段第4 句说，对于具有原创思想的(creative即origina丨之义）艺术家和思想家>1题在于如何去
创造一种自己的语言、惯例……来准确表达自己的意思。故B“形成自己的惯例”正确，
2 . 【C ]【解析】第3 段首句说.早在作品的创作过程中，社会就Q 参与其中（第3 句又说.即使M风冇创新力的人
也与同时代其他人以及那个时代的社会有许多共同之处由此可判断C“这些具有原创裕神的人不受社会
影响"这种说法错误，是答案。
3 . 丨D丨【解析丨本文主要讲创新者的创作与社会（及现冇交际手段）之间的关系，与之相应的是D
4. They arc indifTerent toward response to their work.
【解析】从第1段倒数第3 句的share this fundamental unconcern… 可知，许多艺术家和科学家的共同特点
(common characteristic)就是“不关心别人如何看待他们的作品” （unconcern abou丨 the ways... be received),
即他丨H不关心自己的作品引起的反应，故答案丨4表述为They are indifferent toward response to their work
5. Because they fail to use an acceptable form of communication.
【解析】文章结尾处称，对于富有创新桔神的人感受到的孤独，“历史学家不断感到谋惊”,结尾一句更说明了这
种孤独感的原因：社会和交际方式都在那儿，但要认识它们、确信它们都是很闲难的, 换言之，这些创新者因未
能认识到这一点，没有使用大众能接受的沟通方式而感到孤独。所以答案可表述为Because they fail to use
an acceptable form of communication 〇
Passage 9
1. [B丨【解析】文章第1段回忆了作者小时候在Harlem的情景，第2 段开头即称：“在那之后，可谓时过境迁。”可
见在四个选项中，只有B“已经发生了巨大的变化”正确。
2. [C丨【解析丨虽然文章的前半部分表达了作者对儿时的哈莱姆的怀念，并且提到七八十年代这里# 品泛滥、犯
罪猖撅,但是最后还谈到了从1993年以来犯罪降低丫 60%。所以作者对这一地区的变化是持肯定态度的，
应该选择C。
3 . 丨D丨【解析】M后一段第2 句说，如今就连优雅的老式赤褐色砂石建筑框架也值几十万美元，其含义是说现在
房价、不动产很昂贵故D 正确。
4. He has a feeling of nostalgia.
【解析】文中第4、5段出现了两次m iss,表明作者对过去充满了怀念，所以答案可表述为He has a feeling of
nostalgia 〇
5. Its art and culture.
【解析】第6 段第1句表明，在20世纪二三十年代，艺术家、作家和知识分子给哈莱姆带来了荣耀和名望，使得
其成为美国黑人的首都，即文化和艺术使这个地方繁荣起来，从而成为美国黑人的首都，所以答案为丨ts art and
culture 〇
Passage 10
1 . 丨C】【解析】文章第丨段最后一句说，美国人劳动时间延长；第 2 段开头即说，这一情况不局限于制造业，其他
行业也一样。可见，美国各行业都出现了工作时间延长的现象。C“在社会各部门都很普遍”正确3
2 . 丨B ]【解析】文章第3 段说，工作时间延长有不良的社会影响，即父母与孩子相处时间减少，从而导致f 少年罪
犯数ft上升，故答案为B。
• 76 •Part © 62篇阅读分类特训
3. [D ]【解析】第6段说，自20世纪70年代以来美国降低了边际税率，美国I；人加班的话就更加合算了 D 与此
—致，是答案， .
4. Weak trade unioas, tax policy and cultural differences.
【解析】从第4段起，文章引述r 经济学家对美阑人劳动时间延长这一现象的探讨，分別讲到行业工会势力太
你j 、税收政策的影响以及义化港W这几个W索，所以答案为Weak trade unions,丨ax policy and cultural
differences
5. Expansion of basic needs.
【解析I 本文通篇都在探讨“劳动时间延长”的原因，列举r 经济学家提出的几种观点，但都被作者一一否定，最
后在第7段未句才点出自己的观点一购物d 成为美_ 戤 受 欢 迎 的 休 闲 项ft丨那耑要钱，W此只有延长工作时
间、缩短休闲时间了（hence more work and less leisure),也就是说，“劳动时间延长”是因为“需要钱"，“需要
钱”是因为要购物，丨/丨丨购物则因为“基本耑要持续扩张"，所以答案可表述为Expansion of basic needs
Passage 11
1. [A ]【解析】第 1段首句The biggest problem", is that it is at the end of the earth说明，智利在旅游业开发
方iW遇到的iii大问题是它位于地球末端。M然，地理位1 是智利旅游业发展的不利W索 W此，A(地理位
1 )正 确 B(游,1,•战）是第3段第3 句谈到的内容，但它发生在秘# ，而非智利C(政治不稳定）与第3 段第
2 句中的该地区政局相对稳定不符。D(街头犯罪）是有关巴西的情况。
2. [B ]【解析】根据第2段第2 句和M后两句说明A,C、D这三个地K是以前来智利旅游的人的主要来源地，lW远
东则是新地区故B 正确
3 . 丨A ]【解析】M后几段谈到f 各种反对理由：倒数第3 段第2 句表明当地居民和环境保护人上都是反对过度开
发柯利旅游业的，因此D不合题意，应 棑 除 倒 数 第3段末句可知，人们担心旅游业开发会破坏丐地文化，
故排除C。B 可在倒数第2段贫句中找到相关证据，也应排除。文中并未提到发展旅游业是ambitious and
unrealistic (野心勃勃和不现实的），故选A.
4. The Andes mountain range.
【解析】第5段中有许多具体例子介绍智利好玩的地方，怛说到M有吸引力的地方还是作者在第6 段f 句中所
说的王牌一安第斯山脉，故答案为The Andes mountain range
5. Domestic transport system.
【解析】第9 段首句说明，国内交通线路正在改善过程中，故本题答案为Domestic Iransport system 当然，也可
以直接用原文原词丨ntemal transport links来回答-
Passage 12
1. [A ]【解析】第4 段通过具体数字告诉我们，在新加坡确实存在老龄人口比例增大的问题，老年人过多将会带
来很多问题，社会福利只是其中一个。所以选A,并排除B C 和D 在文中并未提及
2. [B丨【解析】第 7 段第 2 句中的 A father can be compelled by law to maintain his children 与 B —致，故 B 正
确。A 说子女的责任是通过法律来实施的，这与第7段末句不符;C 说老年人继续工作是可以接受的，与第
8 段中的 None of these options is socially acceptable 相俘；D 在文中并未提及。
3 . 丨A ]【解析】文中在最后几段讲到赡养父母是个人的责任，并非社会的责任。而有些人碍于情面，怕失面子而妥
协解决瞻养问题，这样就不会有太多的法庭审理。因此该议案起到的作用还是间接的，故A 正确。
4 . 丨D】【解析】文章最后一句表明该议案是否成功要看它能否激励人们维护传统道德观念，而不是首先考虑要诉
诸法律、对簿公堂，故 D(孝顺意识）符合题意。A、C 均与该句意思不符;B 在文中并未谈到。
5. To make the young more responsible to the old.
【解析】文章f 句提到，这项法令对于人们供养父母的道德义务给予法律上的规范（give lega丨teeth to),亦即
从法律上强制规定人们必须瞻养父母，从客观效果看，它应该能促使年轻人对长辈更负责任，所以该项法令的
H 的可以表述为 To make the young more responsible to the old
6. They are very important in preserving Asian uniqueness.
【解析丨第9 段首句说亚洲国家的传统美德使得他们有别于那些富有的国家，这表明传统美德在保持亚洲国家
的特色方面起希敢要作用，因此本题答案可表述为They are very important in preserving Asian uniqueness。
• 77 •专八阅读
Passage 13
1. [B l【解析】第 】段说到尽管丹麦有许多明显的优点.但丹麦人从不以身为丹麦人而自夸。根据上下文内容，我
们可推断出作者认为尽管丹麦人谈的尽是他们国家的不足之处，这实际上是一种谦虚的态度，B 符合此意。
2. [A |【解析丨由第2 段第2 句可知丹麦是一个在语言上有容忍性的国家，故排除C;下一句接着说丹麦社会是个
人人平等的社会，故排除B;由该段末句可知，丹麦是个有秩序、守时的国家，排除D。文中并没有提到丹麦
人飪欢外闽文化，故 A 正确，
3• 丨C】【解析丨第4 段第7、8 句指出“并然的社会秩序是丹麦吸引世界各国顾客的主要卖点。”丹表A然资源缺
乏，生产能力冇限，但丹麦并然的社会秩序使它在欧洲市场上占有重要的地位，故C 应为正确答案。A 与第
4 段第6 句不符，排除；从第5段可知，丹変井然的社会秩序并不意味着丹麦人生活中的麻烦事和孤独感比
別W人民少，人们也经常能听到丹麦人谈论他们的bitter family feuds, sorrow of alcoholism以及其他一
些社会问题由此可知.丹麦同样存在矜社会问题，丹麦人民对此也是淸醒认识的，故可排除B、D。
4 .丨 D ]【解析】D 曲解了文章锻后一句,有帮助并不表明失业问题已经得到了缓解。由末段第3 句c丨ear to everyone
排除 A;由第 2 句的 you shouldn’t feel bad for taking what you’re entitled to 可排除 B;由最后一句的
makes it possible... to weather...可排除 C。
5. The author is doubtful of that statement.
[解析丨第3 段中丹麦工商部长在讲话中说到丹灰是世界上最干净，M有秩序的国家，没有污染，没有犯罪与贫
穷等等，作者并没有直接地表达自己的态度，而是列举了一些与该部长谈话相反的社会现象，如：“若看到一些
脏乱的场面，如建筑物L的 乱 涂 乱 街 沟 m破烂的啤酒瓶以及睡在公园里的少年酗酒者，你的心一定会提到
嗓子眼儿上。 ” g 下之意即是丹麦并不像T.商部长描绘的耶么完美由此可知，作者是持怀疑的态度，故答案可
表述为 The author is doubtful of that statement,
Passage 14
1• 丨D ]【解 析 】 第 1 句引用了当地官员的话.说明了 Blackpool发展过程的两个转折.即20 年前发展重心由海滩
转向娱乐业，而现在又要屯新将海滩建成家庭旅游的胜地故应选D“计划恢复（海滩）往日的吸引力”。
2. [ c ] 【解 析 】 第4 段第1 句提到Blackpool正努力使滨海区（the sea-front)变得更吸引人，接着说promenade宵
经是个散步的好地方，山此可推断Blackpool过去有符非常美的海锐，故C 正确
3 . 【A】【解 析 】 由第5 段首句中的empty可直接选择A ,另外下文也多次提到海滩上的人很少。
4• 丨A ]【解 析 】 文章最后一段描述了 Blackpool的夜換，理解了最后一句中的grow on sb.(使某人越来越喜欢），
便不难选出答案为A。
S. Ridiculous.
【解 析 】 根据第2 段丨udicrous situation之后的定从句“卢森堡的公共海滨浴场比全英的都要多”，再结合第1
段末提到的英闺政府认为英国儿乎没有ft正的游泳海滩，可推断ludicrous意为“荒谬的”，因此答案为
Ridiculous
It is cited to support reductioas in visitors.
【解 析 】第5 段末句提到了 Ken Welsby 乙起W前的沙滩非常拥挤，结合例子之前作者所看到的空旷的情景，
可知作者举例的EI的在于说明沙滩人数今非昔比，急剧减少，故答案为丨t is cited to support reductions in
visitors。
Passage 4 ^
("The European Union has been operating in 20 official languages since ten new
member states joined the legislative body last year. With annual translation costs set
字 数:624 to rise to 1.3 billion dollars (U.S.), some people question whether EU institutions are
建议用时:7分钟 becoming overburdened by multilingualism. Brussels, Belgium, the European Union’s
L ---- ------- 」
headquarters city, is fast getting a reputation as the new Babel. Parliamentary sessions
are conducted 20 languages simultaneously. With further countries soon to join the EU, some analysts fear the
effectiveness of its institutions could be getting lost in translation.
• 78 •Part❾ 62篇阅读分类特训
(2) The European Parliament requires some 60 interpreters to help elected politicians from the 25 member
states understand each other. These interpreters work in soundproofed booths, translating the words of European
members of Parliament (MEPs). Even so, unfamiliar words or phrases can leave interpreters lost for words,
says Struan Stevenson, a British MEP. Comic misunderstandings can arise that become part of Brussels lore.
For instance， during an agricultural working group session, 44frozen semen，’ was translated into French as
“frozen seamen”. Another MEP recalls how the expression “out of sight, out of mind” became “invisible
lunatic” after a computer-aided translation.
(3) The European Commission (EC), the legislative body of the European Union, says it’s essential that
legislation is published in the official languages of all member states, because EU citizens can’t be expected to
comply with laws they don^ understand. However, the resulting translation workload has meant problems for
both the EC and individual member states. For instance, Estonia’s government this month reported major
difficulties in ratifying some European legislation because of poor translation of EU laws. The EC also admits
to difficulties in finding sufficient numbers of qualified translators in languages such as Maltese, which is
spoken by only about 370,000 people.
(4) Most EC translators also have access to a powerful computer application called Translator's Workbench,
which stores all previous work. "The translator faced with a new assignment feeds it into the system and
gets back a text in which the memory suggests translations of phrases, sentences， or even whole paragraphs
that have been translated in the past，’’ Rowe， spokesperson for the EC’s Directorate-General for Translation，
said. “We always recycle previous work wherever possible.” He adds that internal EC work is conducted
largely in just three languages—English, French, and German—for reasons of efficiency and economy. In the
longer term, such an approach may be the way forward throughout the EU, according to Giles Chichester, a
British MEP. “In practice， the institutions are trying to move towards one dominant language, with one or
two other working languages，” he said. “Let nature take its course.”
(5) Unofficially, English is the language of choice within the EU. It is now used for drafting around 60 per
cent of all paperwork. English is also widely spoken as a second language in Europe, especially in Scandina
vian and Eastern European countries. In Malta, the vast majority of residents understand English. Officially,
however, an EU dominated by English would be unacceptable politically. The French are particularly sensitive
to its increased use, while multilingualism is considered a vital cornerstone of the European Parliament.
(6) “Members are elected and represent the public because of their political stances, not their language
skills,” said Rowe, the EC translation-services spokesman. **So in the interests of democracy and transparency,
the service provided to them has to be much more multilingual.M
(7) In fact, the amount of translation and interpretation work could multiply further if various political
groups get their way. Catalan is spoken by some seven million Europeans, mostly in Spain. Yet it doesn't
have official status within the EU. Similarly, the Irish and Welsh are lobbying for official recognition of their
native Celtic tongues. For the European Union to work as one，“Eurobabble” may be the price it has to pay.
1. The third paragraph does NOT imply that .
A. mastering foreign languages can not be forcefully required in EU
B. minor languages will suffer more serious translation difficulties
C. members can block legislation with the excuse of poor translation
D. the overall ratification of legislation in EU will take a long time
2. Which of the following statements contains a metonymy?
A. Comic misunderstandings can arise that become part of Brussels lore.
B. The translator faced with a new assignment feeds it into the system and...
C. ... multilingualism is considered a vital cornerstone of the European Parliament.
D. For the European Union to work as one, “Eurobabble” may be the price it has to pay.
3. The author’s tone towards the solution of language issue in EU can be described as .
A. skeptical B. optimistic C. indifferent D. confident
• 79 •J l r T
专八阅读
4. According to the first paragraph, why is Brussels called uthe new Babel"?
5. What are the two examples in the second paragraph cited to prove?
(答案解析见P93)
(1) The opening and closing of doors are the most significant actions of man’s
life. What a mystery lies in doors!
字 数：813 (2) No man knows what awaits him when he opens a door. Even the most
建议用时：9 分钟 familiar room, where the clock ticks and the hearth glows red at dusk, may harbor
surprises. The plumber may actually have called (while you were out) and fixed that
leaking faucet. The cook may have had a fit of the vapors and demanded her passports. The wise man opens
his front door with humility and a spirit of acceptance.
(3) Which one of us has not sat in some anteroom and watched the inscrutable panels of a door that was
full of meaning? Perhaps you were waiting to apply for a job; perhaps you had some “deal” you were
ambitious to put over. You watched the confidential stenographer flit in and out, carelessly turning that mystic
portal which, to you, revolved on hinges of fate. And then the young woman said, “Mr. Cranberry will see you
now.” As you grasped the knob the thought flashed, “When I open this door again， what will have
happened?M
(4) There are many kinds of doors, such as revolving doors for hotels, shops, and public buildings. Ihese
are typical of the brisk, bustling ways of modem life. Can you imagine John Milton or William Penn skipping
through a revolving door? Then there are the curious little slatted doors that still swing outside denatured bar
rooms and extend only from shoulder to knee. There are trapdoors, sliding doors, double doors, stage doors,
prison doors, glass doors. But the symbol and mystery of a door resides in its quality of concealment. A glass
door is not a door at all, but a window. The meaning of a door is to hide what lies inside， and to keep the
heart in suspense.
(5) Also, there are many ways of opening doors. There is the cheery push of elbow with which the waiter
shoves open the kitchen door when he bears in your try of supper. There is the sympathetic and awful silence
of the dentist’s maid who opens the door into the operating room, and, without speaking, implies that the
doctor is ready for you. There is the brisk cataclysmic opening of a door when the nurse comes in very early
in the morning —“It’s a boy!”
(6) Doors are the symbol of privacy, of retreat, of the mind^s escape into blissful quietude or sad secret
struggle. A room without doors is not a room, but a hallway. No matter where he is, a man can make himself
at home behind a closed door. The mind works best behind closed doors. Men are not horses to be herded
together. Dogs know the meaning and anguish of doors. Have you ever noticed a puppy yearning at a shut
portal? It is a symbol of human life.
(7) The opening of doors is a mystic act: it has in it some flavor of the unknown, some sense of moving
into a new moment, a new pattern of the human rigmarole. It includes the highest glimpses of mortal gladness;
reunions, reconciliations, the bliss of lovers long parted. Even in sadness, the opening of a door may bring
relief: it changes and redistributes human forces. But the closing of doors is far more terrible. It is a
confession of finality. Every door closed brings something to an end. And there are degrees of sadness in the
closing of doors. A door slammed is a confession of weakness. A door gently shut is often the most tragic
gesture in life. Every one knows the seizure of anguish that comes just after the closing of a door, when the
loved one is still near, within sound of voice, and yet already far away.
(8) The opening and closing of doors is a part of the stem fluency of life. Life will not stay still and lei
us alone. We are continually opening doors with hope， closing them with despair. Life lasts not much longer
than a pipe of tobacco, and destiny knocks us out like the ashes.
• 80 •Part © 6 2 篇阅读分类特训
(9) The closing of a door is irrevocable. It snaps the pack-thread of the heart. It is no avail to reopen, to
go back. Pinero spoke nonsense when he made Paula Tanqueray say, “The future is only the past entered
through another gate.” Alas, there is no other gate. When the door is shut, it is shut forever. There is no
other entrance to that vanished pulse of time. “The moving finger writes, and having writ...”
(10) There is a certain kind of door-shutting that will come to us all. The kind of door-shutting that is
done very quietly, with the sharp click of the latch to break the stillness. They will think then, one hopes, of
our unfulfilled decencies rather than of our pluperfect misdemeanors. Then they will go out and close the door.
1. John Milton and William Penn couldn’t have seen .
A. revolving doors B. slatted doors C. stage doors D. prison doors
2. The relationship between the fourth and fifth paragraphs is that •
A. both present the meaning of opening doors
B. the fourth generalizes and the fifth gives examples
C. each presents one side of the picture
D. the fifth is the logical result of the fourth
3. The closing of doors may imply all the following EXCEFr .
A. end B. sadness C. relief D. distance
4. Which of the following idioms can be inferred from the last three paragraphs?
A. Birds of a feather flock together. B. No pains, no gains.
C. Chance favors the prepared mind. D. Time goes never to return.
5. What does the first sentence in the third paragraph indicate?
(答案解析见P93)
Passage
(l)Harry S. Truman High School in the Bronx has eight floors, seven gymnasi
ums, a football field and a planetarium. But there is one place off limits to its more
字 数 ：684 than 3,000 students: the six-lane swimming pool, which has been dry for more than a
建 议 用 时 :7 分钟 decade. Flanked by empty bleachers, coated with dust and dimly lighted by a few
j fluorescent bulbs, whose dull buzzing noise substitutes for splashing and cheering, the
pool evokes an aura of eerie loneliness.
(2) Within the New York City public school system, though, the troubled Truman pool represents a trend.
Of the 50 swimming pools tucked inside the city's 1,200 school buildings, 10 are in unusable condition. At
Martin Luther King Jr. High School in Manhattan, the pool, empty since leaks and filtration problems were
discovered in 1986， has been used over the years to store old chairs and desks. The pool at Walton High
School in the Bronx has been closed since the 1980’s， despite a $54 million schoolwide renovation. Next to
Truman’s competitive pool is a smaller practice pool， which is also empty， except for grime, spattered paint
and a few cigarette butts.
(3) For the swimming enthusiasts of the city public school system, the empty school pools are a sad
spectacle, hollow symbols of lost opportunities: to combat obesity; to provide summer job training in a city
that has had to import lifeguards from Europe in recent years; to entice that subset of students who just may
love the water even if they hate everything else about high school. "Swimming kind of puts you in a different
frame of mind—there’s noise and laughter， people feeling free and weightless，” said Sana Q. Nasser， the
principal of Truman. “Here we have a pool that needs a teensy bit to get it going, and to see h empty is
heart-wrenching.”
(4) The latest version of Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg's $13.1 billion, five-year educational capital plan,
to be announced in the coming weeks， will include $60 million for upgrades to a dozen school pools，
including $7 million for Truman, $5 million for Walton and $4 million for King, said Steven W. Lawitts,
• 81 •专八阅读_
senior vice president of the School Construction Authority. “These pools are going to be fixed，” Mr. Lawitts
said. But the school system’s capital plans have historically called for projects that never end up happening,
among them the planned renovation of one of two pools at the George Washington High School campus, in
Washington Heights. Also， the mayor’s plan relies on $6.5 billion from the state, which is resisting a court
order to give the city schools more money.
(5)**I would love it to be the case that kids could swim next year at Truman High School/f said Eva S.
Moskowitz, chairwoman of the City Council Education Committee, whose father swam on the Stuyvesant High
School team. "People should not be fcx>led that simply because the pool repair is in the capital budget it will
happen.”
⑹ Teachers and principals say that when school pools work, they are oases from whatever troubles may
pass in the hallways and classrooms. Tension over test scores and safety concerns dissipates in the smell of
chlorine, the creak of diving boards, the splash of the butterfly stroke.
(7)On the West Side of Manhattaa the purported existence of a pool at Martin Luther King Jr. High School
was such a mystery that it inspired an article in The Advocate^ a student newspaper on campus. Appearing
under the headline “Unlocking MLK’s Secrets，” the article was accompanied by a photograph showing old
furniture and a television set stacked next to the empty pool. At other schools, the situation is reversed. **The
seniors would always tell the freshmen they could go find the pool on the fifth floor,M said Adam Kerzner, a
Bronx Science swimmer who graduated from the school—which has no fifth floor —in 1997. “It was kind of
like a hazing thing." Swim teams representing all eight Staten Island high schools vie for practice time at Curtis
High SchooL the borough’s only public school with a pooL “It’s hectic/’ said Jim Meraglia* Curtis’s athletic director.
1. Which of the following details of swimming pool in M artin Luther King Jr. High School is
INCORRECT?
A. It has been used as a storage of old chairs and desks since 1986.
B. It is included in the Mayor's five-year educational capital plan.
C. It is still in unusable condition despite a schoolwide renovation.
D. It ever inspired an article tided “Unlocking MLK’s Secrets”.
2. Which of the following benefits of swimming is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Losing weight. B. Keeping healthy. C. Relieving stress. D. Forgetting troubles.
3. The author^ tone towards the topic can most probably be described as .
A. concerned B. optimistic C. critical D. sarcastic
4. According to the passage, what may be the cause of empty school pools?
5. W hat does Adam Kerzner imply by saying **The seniors would always tell the freshmen they could go
find the pool on the fifth floor'*?
(答案解析见P93)
Passage 4 ^
(l)As we hurtle towards the new millennium, what is the better symbol of the
relentless passage of time than the ancient sundial? Sundials come in many forms, but
horizontal ones are by far the most common. Usually set on a pedestal, they consist
of a flat dial face and a gnomon_ the slanting piece of metal that casts the shadow.
Believe it or not, interest in sundials is increasing in the west. A quick glance at the
Internet reveals burgeoning sundial societies all over the world for the scientifically inclined and even detailed
sundial trials for those who want to check out the dials in gardens in the United States, France or Britain.
This is time travel with a difference.
(2)Quotes or mottoes have traditionally been inscribed on sundials to promote reflection and thought, and
these sayings are repeated on the modem versions of the old timepiece. The philosophical sayings add to the
• 82 •Part❿ 62篇阅读分类特训
image of the timelessness of sundials， but are also reminders in the great poetic traditions of the transient
nature of human life.
(3) “Time began in a garden” is a quotation referring to the Christian Bible legend of the Garden of
Eden where, Christian belief says, human life began at the dawn of Creation, and from having been eternal,
humans became subject to the decay of time.
(4) UI am a shadow. So are you" reminds the observer that a passing life can be as swift and transitory as
the shadow that drifts over the face of a sundial, while the enigmatic “I mark time一Dost thou?” plays on the
double meaning of the English words for marking or keeping time, like a clock, and marking time by failing
to make progress.
(5) Sundials have long been beautifully crafted but now some innovative Western Sculptors are creating
dramatic new variations on the theme, such as a vertical or wall dial from a modem courtyard setting. Bold
colorful sun designs or simple minimalist wall plaques are available, and there is even a water fountain dial
where the water jet replaces the gnomon (finger) as marker of time. Clever designs playing with the sun and
resulting shadow forms also use stark hunks of rough-hewn stone, taking us back to those pointers of old, or
employ reflective materials like glass.
(6) The earliest sundials are recorded in use around 300 BC. They come from the stage in ancient times
when men and women began to use simple sticks and markers to show the time of day as the shadows
progressed. Such devices grew steadily more complex until by Roman times no fewer than 12 types of sundial
were recorded, including a sophisticated portable version. More than mere markers of time， such dials served
for centuries to indicate mankind's understanding of the complexities of the heavens.
(7) Somewhere along the line, someone realized that a slanting object would cast a more accurate shadow
than a vertical one for the purposes of keeping time. The problem of seasonal changes was removed by
placing the slanting object parallel to the Earth’s axis. Even after clocks and watches were invented， their
reliability was questionable and sundials still had to be used to check their accuracy.
(8) But eventually, as the 18th and 19th centuries progressed, and coinciding with the era of ** picturesqueM
or idealized landscape gardening in Britain and Europe， sundials became garden ornaments first and
timekeepers second. Their value in this area has never been questioned, as successful gardens often rely on
such focal points for impact.
⑼ With their inherent dignity and image of scientific order triumphing over chaos, sundials provide the
perfect centerpiece for herb gardens, historic gardens, hospitals, schools, riversides churches (set in thyme of
cause), knot gardens, memorial gardens, cemeteries and civic gardens.
(10) Armillary sundials are especially aesthetically pleasing, with their circular or spherical shape and make
superb garden ornaments. Consisting of several rings, they revolved from the celestial globes used by ancient
astronomers to plot the position of the stars.
(11) The word armillary comes from the Latin armillary—a bracelet or ring. One ring representing the
equator has the hours walked on it, a second stands for the meridian, and a third the horizon.
(12) The rod through the centre representing the earth's axis shows the time by casting its shadow on to
the hour times marked on the equatorial ring.
(13) Sun time is not the same as watch time because it measures time as it is,n ot as we would like it to
be, with noon today exactly 24 hours away from noon tomorrow. Before the world became a small place and
people didn’t move around very much， local time was a perfectly satisfactory measurement. But as modem
communication and means of travel grew more sophisticated standard time zones were adopted. As a result,
your sundial will agree with your watch only on four days of the year， not because it is inaccurate but
because it is measuring a different kind of time. Adjustments for “daylight saving” time throw yet another
spoke in the wheel. There’s a new kind of tour for you—time travel. It couldn’t catch on.
• 83 •专八阅读
1. Nowadays, the sundial is popular again in the West because .
A. many quotes or mottoes promote people's reflection of the use of sundials
B. sundials can be used as a Ux>l to check the accuracy of clocks and watches
C. sundial can be a perfect ornament with its dignity and image of scientific order
D. many nations in the West begin to rely on the sundial for making the time
2. According to the passage, armillary sundials .
A. consists of at least three rings with different meanings
B. can not be used to mark the time at that time
C. are used purely as a kind of garden ornaments
D. are a kind of bracelets representing the equator
3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. According to the historical record, people began to use sundials around 3(K) BC.
B. The quotes or mottoes now are inscribed on sundials to promote thought.
C. Sundials are set on a pedestal, consisting of a dial face and a piece of metal.
D. Sundials have been beautifully crafted and modified since its existence.
4. W hafs the relationship between the seventh and eighth paragraphs?
5. Why is sun time different from watch time?
(答案解析见P94>
Passage 4 ^
(1) As some who has lived without a car for the past three years, I am no fan of
freeways or expressways. But forgive me a moment of qualified nostalgia for two
overhead urban highways that have met their demise on opposite sides of America.
(2) San Francisco and now Boston have brought down elevated inner-city express
ways, part and parcel of urban revitalization programs that have transformed these and
many other downtowns over the past two decades. To my mind, these are good steps.
(3)But that doesn't mean there isn't anything nice to say about the departed roadways.
(4)They were a logical extension of the highway systems that attempted, in part, to keep the country’s
post-World War II suburban sprawl and its older cities somehow connected.
(5) Those highways provided room to roam after they were beyond the city limits. But up against the
denser urban landscapes, the designers often had to resort to tunneling or taking to the air wilh roadways on stilts.
(6) The erasure of an overhead highway in San Francisco and now in Boston amounts to stunning
reclamations of now-prized real estate in each city.
(7)In San Francisco, an elevated freeway that wrapped along the city's eastern edge separated the downtown
business district from its waterfront. For a city fed by ocean commerce, it struck many as a travesty.
(8) Todayt an enormous public space of benches, sculptures, charming old-world trolley cars, and stalls of
produce and crafts has replaced the freeway.
(9) In Boston， as the Big Dig winds down and the Rose Kennedy Greenway begins to take shape, few
vestiges are now left of the old expressway that once separated the city’s financial district from one of the
oldest ethnic neighborhoods in the nation: the Italian North End.
(10) As an inhabitant of each city for many years, I wouldn't want to turn back the clock. But 1 would like
to pause for a moment and admit a certain nostalgia for these past chapters in each city's admirable history.
(11) The North End is one of Boston's most interesting neighborhoods. It was built on European scale. The
brick buildings line narrow streets, many of which have trouble accommodating more than one car at a time.
In the early morning, the cafes are populated by older men speaking exclusively in Italian一with both hands
and mouth.
• 84 •Part 〇 62篇阅读分类特训
(12) To get to the North End, you used to have to take a twisted and littered path beneath the expressway.
Part of the journey was to feel lost.
(13) But for those who persisted in venturing beneath that dark behemoth， the eventual emergence into the
quaint Italian neighborhood had the quality of a revelation: It was an adventure—from dark, dirty, and lost to
warm and charming.
(14) 1 will miss that journey and have a slightly queasy feeling about what might become of the North
End now that it's stripped of its ugly, but formidable, protection from the spit-and-polished downtown.
(15) In San Francisco, I also recall the freeway days with some fondness. The waterfront, having lost much
of its ocean commerce to less-costly Oakland, across the San Francisco Bay， had already crept into a state of
charming disrepair when the freeway was built in the 1970s.
(16) 01d wooden piers reached out into the bay， and the waterfront was populated by authentically
bedraggled taverns and seafood joints that served the dwindling number of seafarers and longshoremen who still
worked the wharf.
(17) But enough nostalgia.
(18) Each city is writing a new chapter. Space has retunied to the people. That is good, even if the shadows
from those ugly overhead roadways created a certain serivse of urban grit that had its own shades of appeal.
1. Which word can NOT be used as an adjective to describe an overhead highway?
A. Ugly. B. Protective. C. Elevated. D. Modem.
2. It can be inferred from the passage all the following EXCEPT .
A. the author had lived in Boston and San Francisco for many years
B. the author denies the good points of the departed overhead highways
C. the author recalls the overhead highways with a feeling of nostalgia
D. the overhead highways have made their contribution to the city's transmission
3. From the description in the passage, we learn that .
A. the author doesn’t see any cultural meaning in the departed roadways
B. freeways are not broad enough to accommodate cars
C. the author is fond of freeways
D. the freeways disconnected the old cities
4. What rhetorical device is employed in the sentence uEach city is writing a new chapter** (last para
graph)?
5. W hafs the author's attitude towards the erasure of expressways?
(答案解析见P94)
Passage 夺 >
(1) Do you ever feel as though you spend all your lime in meetings?
(2) Henry Mintzberg, in his book The Nature of Managerial Work, found that in
字 数：579
large organizations managers spent 22 per cent of their time at their desk, 6 per cent
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on the telephone, 3 per cent on other activities, but a whopping 69 per cent in
meetings.
(3)There is a widely-held but mistaken belief that meetings are for “solving problems” and “making
decisions.” For a start, the number of people attending a meeting tends to be inversely proportional to their
collective ability to reach conclusions and make decisions. And these are the least important elements.
(4) Instead hours are devoted to side issues, playing elaborate games with one another. It seems, therefore, that
meetings serve some purpose .other than just making decisions.
(5) A11 meetings have one thing in common: role-playing. The most formal role is that of chairman. He
• 85 •专八阅读
sets the agenda, and a good chairman will keep the meeting running on time and to the point. Sadly， the
other, informal, role-players are often able to gain the upper hand. Chief is the “constant talker’’， who just
loves to hear his or her own voice.
(6) Then there are the “can’t do” types who want to maintain the status quo. Since they have often been
in the organization for a long time, they frequently quote historical experience as an excuse to block change:
“It won’t work， we tried that last year and it was a disaster.” A more subtle version of the “can’t do” type,
the “yes, but..”" has emerged recently. They have learnt about the need to sound positive， but they still can’t
bear to have things change.
(7) Another whole sub-set of characters are people who love meetings and want them to continue until 5*30
pm or beyond. Irrelevant issues are their speciality. They need to call or attend meetings, either to avoid work,
or to justify their lack of performance, or simply because they do not have enough to do.
(8)T hen there are the “counter-dependents"， those who usually disagree with everything that is said，
particularly if it comes from the chairman or through consensus from the group. These people need to fight
authority in whatever form.
(9) Meetings can also provide attenders with a sense of identification of their status and power. In this
case, managers arrange meetings as a means of communicating to others the boundaries of their exclusive club:
who is “in”， and who is not.
(10) Because so many meetings end in confusion and without a decision， another game is played at the
end of meetings, called reaching a false consensus. Since it is important for the chairman to appear successful in
problem-solving and making a decision, the group reaches a false consensus. Everyone is happy, having spent
their time productively. The reality is that the decision is so ambiguous that it is never acted upon, or, if it is,
there is continuing conflict, for which another meeting is necessary.
(11) In the end, meetings provide the opportunity for social intercourse, to engage in battle in front of our
bosses, to avoid unpleasant or unsatisfying work, to highlight our social status and identity. They are, in fact， a
necessary though not necessarily productive psychological sideshow. Perhaps it is our civilized way to
moderating, if not preventing, change.
1. On role-playing, the passage seems to indicate that chairman _______•
A. talks as much as participants B. is usually a “constant talker”
C. prefers to take the role of an observer D. is frequently outshone by participants
2. Which of the following is NOT a distinct characteristic of the three types of participants?
A. Submissiveness. B. Stubbornness. C. Disobedience. D. Lack of focus.
3. The passage suggests that a false consensus was reached at the end of a meeting in order to________.
A. make room for another meeting B. bring an illusory sense of achievement
C. highlight the importance of a meeting D. go ahead with the agreed programme
4. W hat does “these" in the last sentence of the third paragraph refer to?
(答案解析见P95)
看 Passage
(1) It is nothing new that English use is on the rise around the world, especially
in business circles. This also happens in France, the headquarters of the global battle
字 数：880
against American cultural hegemony. If French guys are giving in to English,
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L .. J something really big must be going on. And something big is going on.
(2) Partly, it's that American hegemony. Didier Benchimol, CEO of a French >1，
ecommerce software company, feels compelled to speak English perfectly because the Internet software business
is dominated by Americans. He and other French businessmen also have to speak English because they want to
• 86 •Part 〇 62篇阅读分类特训
get their message out to American investors, possessors of the world's deepest pockets.
(3) The triumph of English in France and elsewhere in Europe, however, may rest on something more
enduring. As they become entwined with each other politically and economically, Europeans need a way to talk
to one another and to the rest of the world. And for a number of reasons, they’ve decided upon English as
their common tongue.
(4) So when German chemical and pharmaceutical company Hoechst merged with French competitor Rhone-
Poulenc last year, the companies chose the vaguely Latinate Aventis as the new company name—and settled on
English as the company’s common language. When monetary policymakers from around Europe began meeting
at the European Central Bank in Frankfurt last year to set interest rates for the new Euroland, they held their
deliberations in English. Even the European Commission, with 11 official languages and a traditionally French-
speaking bureaucracy, effectively switched over to English as its working language last year.
(5) How did this happen? One school attributes English's great success to the sheer weight of its merit. It's
a Germanic language, brought to Britain around the fifth century A.D. During the four centuries of French-
speaking rule that followed Norman Conquest of 1066, the language morphed into something else entirely.
French words were added wholesale, and most of the complications of Germanic grammar were shed while few
of the complications of French were added. The result is a language with a huge vocabulary and a simple
grammar that can express most things more efficiently than either of its parents. What^s more, English has
remained ungovemed and open to change_ foreign words, coinages, and grammatical shifts_ in a way that
French, ruled by the purist Academie Francaise, has not.
(6) So it's a swell language, especially for business. But the rise of English over the past few centuries
clearly owes at least as much to history and economics as to the language's ability to economically express the
concept win-win. What happened is that the competition一first Latin, then French, then, briefly, German—faded
with the waning of the political, economic, and military fortunes of, respectively, the Catholic Church, France,
and Germany. All along, English was increasing in importance: Britain was the birthplace of the Industrial
Revolution, and London the world’s most important financial centre, which made English a key language for
business. England's colonies around the world also made it the language with the most global reach. And as
that former colony the U.S. rose to the status of the world’s preeminent political, economic, military， and
cultural power, English became the obvious second language to learn.
(7) In the 1990s more and more Europeans found themselves forced to use English. The last generation of
business and government leaders who hadn’t studied English in school was leaving the stage. The European
Community was adding new members and evolving from a paper-shuffling club into a serious regional
government that would need a single common language if it were ever to get anything done. Meanwhile，
economic barriers between European nations have been disappearing, meaning that more and more companies
are beginning to look at the whole continent as their domestic market. And then the Internet came along.
(8) The Net had two big impacts. One was that it was an exciting, potentially lucrative new industry that
had its roots in the U.S., so if you wanted to get in on it, you had to speak some English. The other was
that by surfing the Web, Europeans who had previously encountered English only in school and in pop songs
were now coming into contact with it daily.
(9) None of this means English has taken over European life. According to the European Union, 47% of
Western Europeans (including the British and Irish) speak English well enough to carry on a conversation.
That's a lot more than those who can speak German (32%) or French (28%), but it still means more
Europeans don't speak the language. If you want to sell shampoo or cell phones, you have to do it in French
or German or Spanish or Greek. Even the U.S. and British media companies that stand to benefit most from
the spread of English have been hedging their bets—CNN broadcasts in Spanish; the Financial Times has
recently launched a daily German-language edition.
(]〇)But just look at who speaks English: 77% of Western European college students, 69% of managers,
• 87 •/曾 '丨
专八阅读
班期外《
— ^
and 65% of those aged 15 to 24. In the secondary schools of the European Union’s non-English-speaking
countries, 91% of students study English, all of which means that the transition to English as the language of
European business hasn’t been all that traumatic, and it's only going to get easier in the future.
1. Fluropeans he^an to favour English for all the following reasons EXCEPT its .
A. inherent linguistic properties B. association with the business world
C. links with the United States D. disassociation from political changes
2. French lost its dominant status as an international language for .
A. religious reasons B. political reasons
C. economic reasons D. military reasons
3. Which of the following statements forecasts the continuous rise of English in the future?
A. Ahoul half of Western Europeans are now proficient in English.
B. U.S. and British media companies are operating in Western Europe.
C. Most secondary sch(K>l students in Europe study English.
D. Most Europeans continue to use Iheir own language.
4. The passage mainly examines the factors related to .
A. the rising status of English in Europe
B. English learning in non-English-speaking E.U. nations
C. the preference for English by European businessmen
D. the switch from French to English in the European Commission
5. In the author's opinion, what really underlies the rising status of F^nglish in France and Flurope?
6. W hat does the author want to show by using the example of CNN broadcasting in wSpanish?
(答案解析见P95)
Passage
(1 )Hostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in
Europe in the 14th century. The origins of the Gypsies, with little written history,
were shrouded in mystery. What is known now from clues in the various dialects of
their language, Romany， is that they came from northern India to the Middle East a
thousand years ago， working as minstrels and mercenaries, metal-smiths and servants.
Europeans misnamed them Egyptians, soon shortened to Gypsies. A clan system, based mostly on iheir
traditional crafts and geography， has made them a deeply fragmented and fraclious people, only really unifying
in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies, whom they call gadje. Today many Gypsy activists prefer to be called
Roma, which comes from the Romany word for “man”. But on my travels among them most still referred to
themselves as Gypsies.
(2) In Europe their persecution by the gadje began quickly, with the church seeing heresy in their fortune
telling and the state seeing anti-social behaviour in their nomadism. At various times they have been forbidden
to wear their distinctive bright clothes, to speak iheir own language, to travel, to marry one another* or lo ply
their traditional crafts. In some countries they were reduced to slavery一it wasn't until the mid-1800s that
Gypsy slaves weref reed in Romania. In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria,
andp erhaps half a million perished in the Holocaust. Their horses have been shot and the wheels removed
from their wagons, their names have been changed, their women have been sterilized, and their children have
been forcibly given for adoption to non-Gypsy families.
(3) But the Gypsies have confounded predictions of their disappearance as a distinct ethnic group, and their
numbers have burgeoned. Today there are an estimated 8 to 12 million Gypsies scattered across Europe,
making them the continent's largest minority. The exact number is hard to pin down. Gypsies have regularly
• 88 •Part 〇 62篇阅读分类特训
been undercounted, both by regimes anxious to downplay iheir profile and by Gypsies themselves, seeking to
avoid bureaucracies. Attempting to remedy past inequities, activist groups may overcount. Hundreds of
thousands more have emigrated to the Americas and elsewhere. With very few exceptions Gypsies have
expressed no great desire for a country to call their own—unlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is
often compared. “Romanestan," said Ronald Lee, the Canadian Gypsy writer, “is where my two feet stand.”
1. In history hostility to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the following
EXCEPT _____ •
A. the Egyptians B. the state C. the church D. the Nazis
2. According to the passage, the main difference between the Gypsies and the Jews lies in their concepts
of _____ •
A. language B. culture C. identity D. custom
3. Which of the following is NOT true about the history of the Gypsies?
A. The origin of the Gypsies can only he guessed from their language.
B. Europeans had thought that the Gypsies originated from Egypt.
C. Some people had thought that the Gypsies might disappear as a distinct nationality.
D. There was once a country of the Gypsies in northern India.
4. Under what circumstances would Gypsies unite?
(答案解析见P95)
Passage
(l)WHY SHOULD anyone buy the latest volume in the ever-expanding Dictionary
of National Biography! I do not mean that it is bad, as the reviewers will agree. But
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it will cost you 65 pounds. And have you got the rest of volumes? You need the
建议用时:7分钟
basic 22 plus the largely decennial supplements to bring the total to 31. Of course, it
will be answered, public and academic libraries will want the new volume. After all,
it adds 1,068 lives of people who escaped the net of the original compilers. Yet in 10 years’ lime a revised
version of the whole caboodle, called the New Dictionary of National Biography, will be published. Its editor.
Professor Colin Matthew, tells me that he will have room for about 50,000 lives, some 13,000 more than in
the current DNB. This rather puts the 1,068 in Missing Persons in the shade.
(2)When Dr. Nicholls wrote to The Spectator in 1989 asking for names of people whom readers had
looked up in the DNB and had been disappointed not to find, she says that she received some 1()0,00()
suggestions. (Well， she had written to “other quality newspapers” too.) As soon as her committee had whittled
the numbers down, the professional problems of an editor began. Contributors didn’t file copy on time; some
who did sent too much: 50,000 words instead of 500 is a record, according to Dr. Nicholls.
⑶ There remains the dinner-party game of who’s in, who’s out. That is a game that the reviewers have
played and will continue to play. Criminals were my initial worry. After all, the original edition of the DNB
boasted: Malefactors whose crimes excite a permanent interest have received hardly less attention than
benefactors. Mr. John Gross clearly had similar anxieties, for he complains that, while the murderer Christie is
in, Crippen is out. One might say in reply that the injustice of the hanging of Evans instead of Christie was a
force in the repeal of capital punishment in Britain, as Ludovie Kennedy (the author of Christies entry in
Missing Persons) notes. But then Crippen was reputed as the first murderer to be caught by telegraphy (he had
tried to escape by ship to America).
(4)It is surprising to find Max Miller excluded when really not very memorable names get in. There has
been a conscious effort to put in artists and architects from the Middle Ages. About their lives not much is
always known.
• 89 •专八阅读
(5)0f Hugo of Bury St Edmunds， a 12th-century illuminator whose dates of birth and death are not
recorded, his biographer comments, "Whether or not Hugo was a wall-painter, the records of his activities as
carver and manuscript painter attest to his versatilityThen there had to be more women, too (12 per cent,
against the original DNB’s 3), such as Roy Strong’s subject, the Tudor painter Levina Teerlinc, of whom he
remarks, <4Her most characteristic feature is a head attached to a too small, spindly body. Her technique
remained awkward, thin and often cursory”. Doesn’t seem to qualify her as a memorable artist. Yet it may be
better than the record of the original DNB, which included lives of people who never existed (such as Merlin)
and even managed to give thanks to J. W. Clerke as a contributor, though, as a later edition admits in a
shamefaced footnote, “except for the entry in the List of Contributors there is no trace of J. W. Clerke”.
1. The writer suggests that there is no sense in buying the latest volume .
A. because it is not worth the price B. because it has fewer entries than before
C. unless one has all the volumes in his collection D. unless an expanded DNB will come out shortly
2. Crippen was absent from the DNB _____ .
A. because he escaped to the U.S. B. because death sentence had been abolished
C. for reasons not clarified D. because of the editors' mistake
3. Throughout the passage, the writer^ tone towards the DNB was _____•
A. complimentary B. supportive C. sarcastic D. bitter
4. On the issue of who should be included in the DNB, what does the writer suggest?
5. What is the role of the entries quoted in the last paragraph?
(答案解析见P96)
Passage
(1) The decline of civility and good manners may be worrying people more than
crime, according to Gentility' Recalledy edited by Digby Anderson, which laments the
字 数：594 breakdown of traditional codes that once regulated social conduct. It criticises the fact
建议用时:7分钟 that “manners” are scorned as repressive and outdated.
(2)T he result, according to Mr. Anderson—director of the Social Affairs Unit, an
independent think-tank—is a society characterised by rudeness: loutish behaviour on the streets, jostling in
crowds, impolite shop assistants and bad-tempered drivers.
⑶Mr. Anderson says the cumulative effect of these—apparently trivial, but often offensive—is to make
everyday life uneasy, unpredictable and unpleasant. As they are encountered far more often than crime, they
can cause more anxiety than crime.
(4) When people lament the disintegration of law and order, he argues, what they generally mean is order,
as manifested by courteous forms of social contact. Meanwhile, attempts to re-establish restraint and self-control
through “politically correct” rules are artificial.
(5) The book has contributions from 12 academics in disciplines ranging from medicine to sociology and
charts what it calls the “coarsening” of Britain. Old-fashioned terms such as “gentleman” and “lady” have lost
all meaningful resonance and need to be re-evaluated, it says. Rachel Trickett, honorary fellow and former
principal of St. Hugh’s College, Oxford, says that the notion of a “lady” protects women rather than
demeaning them.
(6) Feminism and demands for equality have blurred the distinctions between the sexes, creating situations
where men are able to dominate women because of their more aggressive and forceful natures, she says.
“Women， without some code of deference or respect, become increasingly victims.”
(7) Caroline Moore, the first woman fellow of Peterhouse, Cambridge, points out that “gentleman” is now
used only with irony or derision.
(8) “The popular view of a gentleman is poised somewhere between the imbecile parasite and the
• 90 •Part 0 62篇阅读分类特训
villainous one: between Woosteresque chinless wonders, and those heartless capitalist toffs who are... the stock-
in-trade of television.”
(9) She argues that the concept is neither class-bound nor rigid; conventions of gentlemanly behaviour
enable a man to act naturally as an individual within shared assumptions while taking his place in society.
(10) “Politeness is no constraint, precisely because the manners... are no ‘code’ but a language, rich, flexi
ble, restrained and infinitely subtle/1
(11) For Anthony O’Hear， professor of philosophy at the University of Bradford, manners are closely
associated with the different forms of behaviour appropriate to age and status. They curb both the impetuosity
of youth and the bitterness of old age.
(12) Egalitarianism, he says, has led to people failing to act their age. “We have vice-chancellors with
earrings, aristocrats as hippies... the trendy vicar on his motorbike."
(13) Dr. Athena Leoussi， sociology lecturer at Reading University, bemoans the deliberate neglect by people
of their sartorial appearance.
(14) Dress， she says, is the outward expression of attitudes and aspirations. The ubiquitousness of jeans
“displays a utilitarian attitude” that has “led to the cultural impoverishment of everyday life”.
(15) Dr. Leoussi says that while clothes used to be seen as a means of concealing taboo forces of sexuality
and violence, certain fashions—such as leather jackets_ have the opposite effect.
(16) Dr. Bruce Charlton, a lecturer in public health medicine in Newcastle upon Tyne， takes issue with the
excessive informality of relations between professionals such as doctors and bank managers, and their clients.
He says this has eroded the distance and respect necessary in such relationships. For Tristam Engelhardt,
professor of medicine in Houston, Texas, says manners are bound to morals.
(17) 44Manners express a particular set of values，” he says. “Good manners interpret and transform social
reality. They provide social orientation.”
1. Rachel Trickett seems to indicate the term “lady” ______•
A. has acquired a different meaning B. is too old-fashioned to use
C. is preferred by feminists D. victimizes women in society
2. According to Caroline Moore, the media has projected a _____ image of the gentleman.
A. humorous B. favourable C. negative D. traditional
3. In Anthony O’Hear’s view, a well-mannered person ______•
A. acts rashly when he is young B. tends to be bad-tempered in old age
C. behaves with a sense of appropriacy D. attaches importance to his status
4. Dr. Bruce Charlton would probably prefer to see a more formal relationship ______•
A. among doctors B. among managers
C. between doctors and managers D. between doctors and patients
5. According to the passage, why is the decline of good manners more worrying?
(答案解析见P96)
Passage
(1) Human migration: the term is vague. What people usually think of is the
permanent movement of people from one home to another. More broadly, though,
字 数：623 migration means all the ways一from the seasonal drift of agricultural workers within a
建议用时：7 分钟 country to the relocation of refugees from one country to another.
(2) Migration is big, dangerous, compelling. It is 60 million Europeans leaving
home from the 16th to the 20th centuries. It is some 15 million Hindus, Sikhs, and Muslims swept up in a
tumultuous shuffle of citizens between India and Pakistan after the partition of the subcontinent in 1947.
• 91 •阅读.
(3) Migration is the dynamic undertow of population change: everyone's solution, everyone's conflict. As the
century turns, migration， with its inevitable economic and political turmoil， has been called “one of the greatest
challenges of the coming century/*
(4) But it is much more than that. It is, as it has always been, the great adventure of human life. Migration
helped create humans, drove us to conquer the planet, shaped our societies, and promised to reshape them again.
(5) “You have a history book written in your genes,” said Spencer Wells. The book he’s trying to read
goes back to long before even the first word was written, and it is a story of migration.
(6) Wells, a tall, blond geneticist at Stanford University, spent the summer of 1998 exploring remote parts
of Transcaucasia and Central Asia with three colleagues in a Land Rover, looking for drops of blood. In the
blood， donated by the people he met, he will search for the story that genetic markers can tell of the long
paths human life has taken across the Earth.
(7) Genetic studies are the latest technique in a long effort of modem humans to find out where they have
come from. But however the paths are traced, the basic story is simple: people have been moving since they
were people. If early humans hadn’t moved and intermingled as much as they did， they probably would have
continued to evolve into different species. From beginnings in Africa, most researchers agree, groups of hunter-
gatherers spread out, driven to the ends of the Earth.
(8) To demographer Kingsley Davis, two things made migration happen. First, human beings, with their
tools and language, could adapt to different conditions without having to wait for evolution to make them
suitable for a new niche. Second, as populations grew, cultures began to differ， and inequalities developed
between groups. The first factor gave us the keys to the door of any room on the planet; the other gave us
reasons to use them.
⑼ Over the centuries， as agriculture spread across the planet, people moved toward places where metal was
found and worked and to centres of commerce that then became cities. Those places were， in turn， invaded
and overrun by people later generations called barbarians.
(10) In between these storm surges were steadier but similarly profound tides in which people moved out to
colonize or were captured and brought in as slaves. For a while the population of Athens, that city of
legendary enlightenment, was as much as 35 percent slaves.
(11) “What strikes me is how important migration is as a cause and effect in the great world events，”
Mark Miller，co-author of The Age of Migration and a professor of political science at the University of
Delaware, told me recently.
(12) It is difficult to think of any great events that did not involve migration. Religions spawned pilgrims
or settlers; wars drove refugees before them and made new land available for the conquerors; political upheavals
displaced thousands or millions; economic innovations drew workers and entrepreneurs like magnets; environmental
disasters like famine or disease pushed their bedraggled survivors anywhere they could replant hope.
(13) “It’s part of our nature， this movement，” Miller said. “It’s just a fact of the human condition.”
1. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A. Migration exerts a great impact on population change.
B. Migration contributes to Mankind's progress.
C. Migration brings about desirable and undesirable effects.
D. Migration may not be accompanied by human conflicts.
2. What do we know about Spencer Wells from the passage?
A. He thought genes can tell where people have come from.
B. He wrote a book about the history of genes.
C. He read the first history book at Stanford University.
D. He agreed human migration was from Transcaucasia and central Asia.
3. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned as migrants in the passage?
A. Farmers. B. Workers. C. Settlers. D. Colonizers.
• 92 •Part❿ 62篇阅读分类特训
4. There seems to be a(n) relationship between great events and migration.
A. loose B. indefinite C. causal D. remote
5. According to Kingsley Davis, what made migration occur?
(答案解析见P96)
答案0 解析
Passage 15
1. 1C]【解析】第3 段首句提到，欧盟的法令必须用各成员国的官方语言颁布，因为不能指望欧盟成员国公民去
遵守他们无法理解的法律，也就是说他们可不遵守无法理解的法令，但不能说明成员国可以此为借U阻碍
欧盟的立法，选 C 根据第.3段首句、末句及第3 句，可推知A、B、D符合文意。
2. [A |【解析】metonymy“转喻或换喻”是用某一爭物的名称代替另一个与它关系密切的事物的名称， Brussels
lore“欧盟的传闻”，用布兽塞尔代替欧盟，故A 正确，其他三项都属于隐喻，故排除.
3. [A1【解析】最后一段首句指出随禮更多的政治团体的加人，翻译工作任务可能会更繁重此外，文章末句指出
“欧盟要实现一体化，语言的浞乱也许就是它要付出的代价”可见作者对于欧盟语言问题的解决持怀疑的
态度，选 A。
4. Because Brussels is a place employing different languages.
【解析】第 1段提到，欧盟为多种语言问题所困扰，已经迷失在翻译中。根据该段描述可以得出布魯塞尔之所以
被称作新通天塔，是闪为它作为欧盟的总部，目前使用多种语言，故答案可表述为Because Brussels is a place
employing different languages,本题涉及到关于“通天塔”的传说，如果了解这一文化常识，便不难作答
5. The translation tasks in EU are hard to tackle.
【解析】第一个例证中的关键词“6(>名左右译员”“隔音的工作室”“生擗的词汇使译员失语”，以及第二个例证中
误译的例子，均说明翻译T.作难度很大，故答案为The translation tasks in EU are hard to tackle
Passage 16
1 .【 A ]【解析】根据第4 段前两句话可知，旋转门是现代的产物第3 句指出：“你能想象弥尔顿和潘恩穿过旋转
门的情景吗？”，这个句子明a 带有怀疑口吻，由此可知，A 为答案。 •
2. [C丨【解析】第4 段讲的是“门”的种类及其隐蔽性，而第5 段讲的是“开门”所蕴涵的意义（如服务员上菜、小孩
出生），W此,这两段讲的是“门”这一话题的不同方面，故选C。本题易误选D,原因是第5段开头有also —
同，考生可能会误认为该词是“而且，还”之义，其实also在此处意为“同样地”,进而排除D。
3 .丨 C ]【解析】第 7段第3 句提到，甚至在悲伤之时，开门可能会减轻痛苦。这就表明是“开门”而不是“关门"可以
减轻痛苦，故选C 第7段后半部分对“关门”带来的“结束”“悲伤”“距离”等影响都苻相应的表述，因此A、
B、D 三项均可排除。
4 . 丨〇丨【解析】倒数第2 段提到，门一关闭就不再开启，我们无法进人已经消逝的时间，这就表明“时间一去不复
返”。故 D 正确。
5. People may inevitably encounter varied doors.
【解析】第3 段首句的总思是“我们之中有谁没有曾坐在某个前厅，盯着诡异却充满意义的门板呢？ ”这个句子
有双重否定，which和not,即表示肯定；加上下文的举例，这就表示我们每个人都会碰到“门”，而对于不同的人，
“门"的含义也是不同的，言下之意即我们都会碰到各种不同的“门"，故答案可表述为People may inevitably
encounter varied doors 〇
Passage 17
1 .【 C丨【解析】C 张冠李戴,把关于Walton High School"沃尔顿中学”的表述套用于马丁.路德.金中学，故为答案。
2. |B】【解析1 本题是关于游泳的益处，B“保持健康”看似符合常识,但文中未提及，选 B。
丄丨A1【解析】本文虽然没有出现过表明作者态度的词语和句子，但通过引述他人的话语以及引用数据等方式，
表明了作者对于该现象及其解决办法是关心、关切的，故选A。作者并未明确i遣责哪一方，排除C;第4、5段
• 93 .专八阅读
表明由于资金短缺很难预测问题的解决，故 B 不选；文章M后提到两个学生调侃学校泳池，但这不是全文
的基调，D 也不选
4. Shortage of finance.
【解析】第4 段提到，市长教育计划……拟后能否兑现很难预测，因为来源丁•闽家的那部分资金很难得到保证，
W此答案为 Shortage of finance
5. The seniors are satirizing the school's lack of a pool.
【解析】该句字面意思是“高年级学生总是告诉新生可以去5 楼的游泳池游泳”，下文紧接若指出，实际上该学
校当时根本没有5 楼，岛年级学生是在以玩笑的方式讽剌学校没有泳池这一糕的现象，所以答案可表述为
The seniors are satirizing the school's lack of a pool,
1•丨C】【解析】第 1段第4 句提到，西方人对曰锌的兴趣正与曰俱增，阅读下文可知，W方人把U择当作一种装
饰;第9段提到，M H柯蔚内在的髙贵气质，代表着科学秩序的形象，故C正确
2. [A] 【解析】第 10段提到armillary sundial由several rings组成，第11段指出armillary—词原义为“手镯，环形
物”，继而介绍f 三个代表不同意义的环，因此可推断arm i丨丨ary至少有个环，故A正确。
3• 丨B ]【解析I 根椐第2 段宵句的“促进思考与反街”，可知B 表述不完幣，故选B 第丨段提到，H衿通常安放在
石台上，由水平的转面和择针组成,C 符合文意；第 5 段提到，日枓向来都M•粘心雕刻的，D 符合文意；第6
段首句提到，人们最早使用日转约在公元前300年,A 符合文意。
4. The eighth is the transitional result of the seventh.
【解析】第 7段表明即使手表发明后，日14还是一种检验手表准确性的工具，即丨J 沣有检验校对功能；jfii由第8
段汽句的but后可知，之后日样主要用作装饰，其次才是校对T.具，即第8 段所述为第7段所讲悄况变迁之后的
结果，故答案可表述为 The eighth is the transitiona丨 result of the seventh
Because watch time measures time as ifs wished to be.
【解析】最后—段首句指出.sun time有别于watch time的原W在于sun time测定真正的时间，而不按照人们
的怠應来测定时间，由此推断watch是按人们的意愿来测定时间的，所以答案可表述为Because watch time
measures time as it's wished to be〇
Passage 19
1. [D】【解析】D虽与常iH相符，但文中并未提及，故选D 由第丨4 和M后一段可知，过去的高架公路S 丑陋的
(ugly),具有保护功能的（protective),第 2 段和第7段也两次提到过去的商架公路适耸立的（elevated),即
A、B、C 均符合文意，可排除。
2. [B ]【解析】第3 段表明，以往的髙架公路有其可取之处（…doesn’t mean there isn’t anything nice…），B 与文
意相反，故 为 答 案 （I〗第 K)段的As an inhabitan丨of each city for many years, ...可知作者在这两个城市
居住了很多年，即 A;首段即表明怀念之意（... forgive me a moment of qualified nostalgia for...),即 C;第
2 段表明高架公路对城市发展起r 一定的作用（... have transformed...),即D,因此排除A、C、D。
3. [B |【解析】B•‘路不够宽，不能袢纳车辆”与第1丨段第3 句的…have trouble accommodating…car相符，故选
B A 与第 J0 段末句的 admi丨... each city’s admirable history 不符；C 与文彔首句的 I am no fan of
freeways…不符；D 与文中的 keep... its older cities somehow connected 不符.故排除 A、C.D
4. Personification.
[解析丨题目所引的句子意为“每个城市正在书写新的篇$ ”，谓语动词用了人类才有的动作—— “书写”，即把
城市看作人，W此用的是拟人手法，答案为Personification
5. The author is positive about the erasure of expressways.
【解析] 第 2 段讲到旧金山和波士顿拆掉了市内高架高i 公路，段末作者表明自己认为这些是好的措施(To
my mind, these are good steps);第 10段律句，作再明确表* 不想间到过去的那种城巾ifi丨貌（丨wouldn’t want
to turn back the clock)综合起来，不难知道作荇对拆除岛架公路促进城市进一步发展是持肯定态度的，所以
答案为 The author is positive about the erasure of expressways。
. 94 •Part 〇 62篇阅读分类特训
Passage 20 --
1. [D] 【解析】根据第 5段，尤其是第 4 句 Sadly, the other, informal, role-players are often ab丨e to gain the upper
hand推测出正确答案为D(经常被与会#抢风头）
2. |A] 【解析】根据第6 段“不行”派（“can’t do" type)表现出“间执"(B)的待点；根据第7段“喜欢开会的人”表现
出“缺乏主题"(D)的特点，而根据第8 段“不支持”派表现出“违抗"(C)的特点只有“顺从”的特点在文中没
有提到，依此可推断A 为正确答案
3. [B] 【解析丨从第10段 前 •:句话，尤其是第2 句和第3 句nr知，会议结束时达成共识的原闲是想获得一种虛假
的 成 就 感 故 B(取得一种虚幻的成就感）为正确答案
4. To solve problems and make decisions.
【解析】第3 段开头就说，“一种普遍但错误的观点认为.开会的目的是解决问题、做出决策”，然后作者用For a
start和And分别引出两个论据：开会人数与集体的决策能力成反比；“这些”是最不敢要的因素 W此，这里的
“这些”指“错误现点”所认可的会议目的：解决问题、做出决策，故答案可表述为To solve problems and make
decisions:
Passage 21
1. [D ]【解析】第2段第丨句说，部分原因与美国簕权有关，故C 是原因之一。第 5段谈英语语言自身的优点，故A
“内在的语言特点”是原W之一。第6段开头即说英语是商界的时窀语言,B也提及，排除C、A、B,故答案是D
2. [C ]【解析】文章第6段提到.随杆天主教堂、法W和徳W分別在政治、经济和军事力fflJ:的衰弱，语言间的竞争——
先是拉丁语，然后是法语，再随后是短期内的德语—— 慢慢消退了，也就是说.拉丁语的衰落是政治原因引
起的，法语的衰落足经济原因引起的，德语在短暂强势后，随德闽军事力M的衰弱而衰落了。故答案是C
3. [C ]【解析】文中最后段中提到“在欧盟非英i?丨国家的中学生中，91% 的学生学习英语这总味畚欧洲商业界
把工作语言转为英语的过程并不难，而且将来会变得更加容易” 九成多中学生学习英语，意味着未来绝大
多数人会说英语。所以C 符合题意
4. [A ]【解析】由文敢首句即可知，本文讨论英语地位的不断上升. 文章主体探讨了这一现象的原因，结尾乂用数
字进一步说明，在欧洲，英语将得到进一步普及故A“英语在欧洲的地位上升”正确。
5. A practical need for effective communication among Europeans.
【解析】第3 段指出，除了美_ 的簕主地位之外，还冇更持久（more enduring)的原因促使欧洲人使用英语：W为
这些国家在政治、经济上紧密融合欧洲人《要-•种方式在相互之间以及与世界上其他网家交流基于各种原
闪，他丨『丨选定英语作为通JNiS 也就是说，欧洲耑要一种S 言互相交流以及同丨让界交流，所以答案可表述为A
practical need for effective communication among Europeans,
6. The media cannot afford to ignore non-English speakers.
【解析】倒数第2段首句说所有这一切并不意味着英沿已经主宰荇欧洲人的生活”，然后用数字表明，在欧
洲，会说英语的人不到欧洲总人「-1的一半。“即使那杵从英语传播中受益说多的英美传媒公司为争得受众也要
多方下注”，并用CNN和《财经时报》为例，说明K他语肖的作用，也就足•说还是有大M人不说英语，以致这些传
媒也不敢忽视非英语受众，故答案可表述为The media cannot afford丨〇 ignore non-English speakers
Passage 22
1. [A】【解析】第 2 段第1句讲到了吉卜赛人受到教会和政府的迫害。第2 段后面两句说到了纳粹党的种族迫
害，所以排除B、C、D。
2. [C ]【解析】第 3 段倒数第2 句指出，跟犹太人不一样，吉卜赛人对建立一个自己民族的国家方面没有多大欲
望。可见，两个民族的主要K别在于他们对自己身份认同上的不同理解和态度，故C 正确。
土丨D1【解析】从吉卜赛语各方言推断，大约1000年前他们从印度北部来到中东地K , 但文中未提到印度北部有
过一个吉卜赛人的国家，故D 与文章内容不符，是答案
4. They would unite only when they face external threats.
【解析1 文中第1段后半部分提到，只有在面对非吉卜孫人的威胁时吉卜赛人才会联合起來（only really unify
ing in the face of enmity from non^Gypsies),所以答案为 They would unite only when they face external threats;
. 95 .专八阅读.
1. [c丨【解析】作荇认为没必要买M新出版的《英阂名人传记词典》是W为整套书有31本，只买这一本是没竹意义
的 第 1段第3 至5 句间答r 这一问题文中说“但它要花去你f)5磅。而且你茁®尖M基本的22册，外加
十年间出版的增补本，这样才能买全3丨 册 作者言下之意是除非你买全.31册.要是只买一册则哓尤总
义. 故C(除非买全）符合题意，为正确答案，
2. [C]【解析】ffl然第 3 段末句提到 But 丨hen Crippen was reputed as the first murderer to be caught by telegraphy,
fQ这井不是他未被收录的原W 其实，通苡都没存说明Crippen末被收朵进同典的原W 故C 正 确 A 坫‘If
实，但不坫他没人选的原W ;B、D 文中均未提及。
3.IC1【解析】纵视全文，作荇对该词典的编纂方法li 内容是持否定态度的A、B 然与文祆沿气不符D(刻消怀
恨的）也挞不Ji :确的作者在对词典的不足之处进行评述时有理冇据.并无恶.§攻方之总相比之下，只冇
C( M剌的）Jii恰，，W为整苡文章充满莽讽刺、挖苦的语言。
4. The editors were irrational in their choices.
【解析】第3段中举出了许多例子说明词典在收录人物的选抒上是不妥当的，并无规则"丨循，故答案〇丨犮述为
The editors were irrational in their choices
5. To emphasize the author's argument.
【解析】作者在w 后一段引用了词典中的一些人物条0 ,并加以评述其目的绝不是赞关讴歌，而是强调说明n
己的观点：DNB的编S 方法与内容存在问题，故答案_"r灰述为To emphasize the author’s argument
Passage 24 ...........
1 . 丨A丨【解析】第5 段第2 句说明丨a d y -词失去了以往的意味，并以Rachel Trickett的观点为例说明这个词的概
念的改变，对其应®新 审 视 故 A 正确。
2. [c ]【解析】第 7段首句说明人们现在用“绅七"一词表达的只是一种讽刺与嘲弄^ 紧接着在第8 段中用r —大
堆贬义词说明电视对绅十形象的描绘，由此"厂知媒体眼中的绅士形象是负面的，故CIH确
丄 [C1【解析】第 丨丨段谈到了 Anthony O’Hear的观点t 他认为“礼貌是指符合其年龄和社会地位的行为规范"，由
此可推断出有礼貌的人应该为人、行事得巧，因此C 正 确 A.B是对第丨丨段末句的曲解;D在文中并未提及
4. |D ]【解析】倒数第二段首句提到“Dr. Bruce Charlton对医生与银行经理等穿业人员和他们顾客之间的过分随
便的关系持有异议"，即Dr. Bruce Charlton希铝医生与银行经理等人士同他们顾客之间的关系应正式些，
而医生的顾客就是病人，故 D 正确
5. Because it affects our daily life more often.
【解析】第3段痒句告诉我丨i:r‘文明礼貌消亡的长期结果是它给人们的日常生活带來不安、不自在与+ 愉快"，即
它会影响我们的丨I常生活，接符下一句指出它比犯罪史常遇见，因而比犯罪更令人忧虑综合起来,即礼貌的消亡w其
更频繁地对人们生活造成W扰而更为令人担优，故答案可表述为Because it affects our daily life more often
Passage 25
1. [D |【解析】第 3 段首句就表明，移民会引起人口变化，是每个人的出路，每个人的斗争，W此不可避免地，移民
伴随荇人类冲突。故 D 的说法不正确，为正确选项。
2. [A】【解析】第 7 段首句指出基W研究可以査出人类起源，A 是其同义荇换.
3 .丨 A1【解析】倒数第2 段提及几种主要的迁移人群.比如，—T.人和企业家（workers and en丨repreneurs),对应B;朝
圣# 和定居荇（pilgrims or settlers),对应 C 文中倒数第 4 段谈到 people moved out to colonize,对丨>V: D
故答案为A。
4. 丨C】【解析】倒数第3 段 Mark Miller明确提到大事与移民有若因果关系（cause anti effect),故答案为C
5. Human adaptability and inter-group inequalities caused by cultural differences.
【解析】在第8 段，Kingsley Davis提出了人类迁移的两个原因。其一是人类拥有丁.具和语言，能够适应不同的
环境（adapt to different conditions),而不用在原地等待ft身的进化；其二逛人U增加后，文化开始产生差异
(cultures began to differ),各群体间出现了不平等（inequalities developed between groups),故答案为 Human
adaptability and inter-group inequalities caused by cultural differences')
• 96 •Part❽ 62篇阅读分类特训
Passage
(1) Mucky roads, unpredictable weather, and wet ground that sags beneath your
feet. It must be springtime in New England.
(2) Come March, receding snow transforms the landscape into a soft, sloppy mess.
New Englanders call this metamorphosis “mud season”， the period of recovery
between the long, brutal winter and the warm summer ahead. But with no banner activity
to accompany it—think leaf-peeping in the fall or skiing in winter—mud season brings a serious lull in tourism. A
group of inns and hotels say that's the perfecl excuse to design a vacation package. The result? Getaways that focus
on food, drink, and activities inspired by mud season. Add greater room availability and discount prices, and all
that muck seems a little more bearable.
(3) For guests who are hungry after a winter in hibernation, the Inn at Crystal Lake, a 12-room bed-and-
breakfast in the tiny town of Eaton, offers "Swine in the Mud"，smoky, thick pork chops topped with honey-
chipotle barbecue sauce. To round out the meal, coowner and bartender Tim Ostendorf whips up a **Here\s Mud in
Your Eye”， vodka shaken with Kahlua liqueur and Hershey's syrup.
(4) Crystal Lake isn’t the only establishment with a mud-themed menu. The Inn by the Sea in Cape
Elizabeth, Maine, serves warm raspberry scones drizzled with “Maine Mud" chocolate sauce for breakfast.
Devising such recipes can be taxing， says owner Maureen McQuade. “You think that putting together a
promotion like this is a snap，” she says. “You have to drink a lot of chocolate martinis.”
(5) But someone has to do it Visits to the region between ski season and summertime drop sharply, as statistics
from the New Hampshire tourism office bear out. In the White Mountains, where Eaton is located tourists spent
around $176 million in the winter of 2002. That spring they spent just $77 million. In the Lakes Region, popular
for boating and fishing, visitors spent almost $276 million in summer 2(K)1. That spring, spending was around $65
million. “We don’t have the crowds like we have in fall or summer，” says Ostendorf. “It’s a quieter time•”
(6) Some inns use the relative calm as a selling point. For vacationers in need of post-winter rejuvenation,
the Wayside Inn in Bethlehem, N.H., includes a mud wrap—with a choice of three kinds of mud—in its mud
season package. “You tend to want a quiet weekend, not to do much， get away from the hustle，” says
Wayside co-owner Kathe Hofmann.
(7) Lower prices are another incentive. For participating inns, costs for a two-night stay with some meals
and activities included range from $295 to $899, down as much as $2(X) compared with peak season.
(8) For those who like a little testosterone mixed in with their dirt, the Equinox Resort & Spa in Manchester
Village, Vt., offers an off-road driving course in one of its eight Land Rovers or Hummer H2s. But don’t expect
any television-style heroics in the lesson: Speeds on the 80-acre course are 3 to 5 miles per hour, says Courtney
Lowe, the resort's director of sales and marketing. “The whole objective is a tread-lightly program，” Lowe says.
If the weather’s right, the terrain will ensure at least some mud gets on the windshield. The course features steep
hills and dramatic pitches that cause the SUVs to lean sharply to one side. "You almost have the feeling you’ll
fall over， but you won’t,” Lowe says.
(9) Is the market for something a little less dizzying? Crystal Lake’s package includes wildlife and bird
watching trips to four nearby Audubon Society sanctuaries. Adventurous guests get guides to spot birds and animal
tracks, maps of the areas, and locally made soap to clean up after a day of traipsing through the muck. “It’s a
terrific time,” says Bobby Barker, the inn's co-owner. <4It can suddenly change from one severe season to sun."
1. Tourists to New England in mud season may be attracted by the following points EXCEPT
A. easy room availability B. fascinating landscape
C. special mud-themed food D. distinguishing activities
2. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Vacation package is a selling point to promote tourism in mud season.
B. The inns and hotels have a sharp drop of profit in mud season.
C. Off-road driving course is meant to attract adventurous tourists.
• 97 •专八阅读
D. The tourism in mud season is as prosperous as in peak seasons.
3. This passage is mainly al>out
A. mud season in New England B. tourism in New England
C. tourism in mud season D. landscape in mud season
4. What is the role of the third and fourth paragraphs in the whole passage?
(答案解析见P112)
(1) “The US economy is rapidly deteriorating, says Mr. Grannis. “The odds of a
recession are now very high, perhaps by the end of the year.” There are already
字 数：551 some signs that important pillars are weakening. Consumer confidence has fallen for
建议用时:6分钟 the past two months. The housing sector, which has been buoyant, is starting to sink.
Corporate profits are falling. Some analysts are especially concerned over the sharp
fall of commodity prices. They believe it represents the threat of deflation, and it could cause a global
slowdown. “The Fed will have to act forcefully to arrest the deflationary forces/* says Robert Lamorte,
chairman of Behavioral Economics, a consulting firm in San Diego. But other counters that the central bank
doesn't need to intervene. They argue the Fed should wait to see real data before acting. “The fundamentals
are better than the stock market reflects**, says Peter Kretzmer, an economist at Nations-Banc Montgomery
Security.
(2) Indeed, President Clinton tried to do his part to calm the market during his trip to Moscow, citing the
strong job market and balanced budget. **We believe our fundamental economic policy is sound/* he said. His
comments echoed stalements by Peter Rubin in Washington.
(3) Some numbers do continue to reflect a strong economy. On Sept. 1, the Conference Board released its
index of leading indicators. The index rose 0.4 percent, prompting the business organization to predict that the
nation's output should increase at a moderate pace for the rest of 1998. The group sees little risk of recession
in the near term. But what has changed is the global economy. Japan and the rest of Asia are in recession.
The woes are spreading to Latin America.
(4) “I’m now convinced we are going to have a global economic recession,” says Sung Won Sohn,
chief economist at Norwest Corp, a Minneapolis-based bank. But, he added, it's not certain the US will slide
into a period of negative growth. He rates the risk of recession at only 10 to 15 percent. “We will be
responding to the world economic situation rather than leading it.M he says.
(5) Still, Fed watchers don’t think the central bank will act to try to save the world. “It’s inconceivable the
Fed could make much difference in Asia, Russia, or Latin America." says Lyle Gramley, a former Fed governor.
(6) After the last stock market crash, in 1987, the Federal Reserve acted quickly to provide liquidity to the
markets and to lower interest rates. But the economy is in better shape this time; the banking sector is stronger
and the financial markets have been able to respond the enormous trading volume. “It is not the Fed’s job to
manage the stock market," says Mr. Kretzmer.
(7) But the Fed will keep a close watch on Wall Street. If the market were to shave another 1,500 points
off the Dow by the end of September, “then the Fed would think about lowering interest rates,” says Mr.
Gramley. In his view, the Fed's main concern will be the impact of a sliding market on consumer confidence;
since 40 percent of the nation has investments in the stock market, any prolonged slide might make individuals
feel less wealthy.
(8) They would cut back on vacations and “splurge" purchases. He expects the central bank to watch the
next consumer confidence surveys and housing statistics closely.
1. Mr. Kretzmer believes that the Fed needn't intervene NOT because of .
A. steady financial markets B. increasing strength of the banking sector
• 98 •Part❽ 62篇阅读分类特训
C. inaccurate information the market shows D. its influence on other continents
2. The relationship between the fifth and sixth paragraphs is that _____ .
A. both state the emergence of economic recession
B. the latter is the logical result of the former
C. both present the reasons of non-interference
D. the former generalizes and the latter gives examples
3. What does this passage mainly talk about?
A. Threat of Deflation in US. B. The Tendency of US Economy.
C. Economic Situation in US. D. The Sign of Recession in US Economy.
4. What did President Clinton try to do during his trip to Moscow?
(答案解析见P113)
Passage
(1) The recession came home to Price Waterhouse’s consultancy practice in the
middle of 1990. Annual growth rate of 25%-30% started to dive, and the practice
字 数:639 began reorganizing to survive the slump.
建议用时:8分钟 (2) Management consultancies, ironically， have complex and disparate bodies to
manage. PW is an international outfit run by partners through a network of offices,
Like most professions, management consultants tend to be content to let others take the lead in office
technology and put off any major investment to another day. In 1990, PW’s UK consultancy practice could
muster only one personal computer for every three or four staff.
(3) The solution PW chose was remarkable on two fronts. It involved a form of technology that remains
foreign, if not downright outlandish, to most big companies; and the decision to embrace that technology was
taken not as a result of a detailed cost justification, but as a simple “leap of faith”.
(4) Mark Austin, the UK partner leading the program of change, says: "On pure cost grounds we would
never have gone ahead, but our American practice had found that there were enormous qualitative benefits. We
are finding the same.”
(5) Three years on, that leap is still difficult to qualify in hard business terms, but nobody within PW
doubts the value of the move. The solution chosen by PW is groupware, which is likely to become the IT
industry’s most hyped product of the decade， or show its greatest contribution to business efficiency since the
invention of the PC.
(6) There are several groupware products but the market is increasingly being dominated by Lotus Notes,
which is used by PW and runs on a variety of desktop computers. Of the 20,(K)0 Notes users worldwide, PW
is one of the biggest groupware followers there is， but firms such as General Motors and Unilever are also
investing heavily in the technology.
(7) The recession has left many big companies with leaner, overstretched management teams, often working
at different locations, and with a frayed corporate culture. Groupware aims to be the glue that binds these
threads together.
(8) The problem for groupware suppliers is that the software hopes to be all things to all men. The sets of
discs that come out of the software box do very little on their own; it is how you tailor them that matters.
PW's groupware operations are among the most sophisticated ever set up， but in operation they look
deceptively simple and cover growing panoply of applications. For example, staffs fill in on-screen forms
logging the potential clients they are talking to, the value of the contract under discussion, and how they
assess the likely outcome.
(9) Other applications cover the management of current jobs. The databases behind the groupware network
then correlate the information input in different ways.
(10) Once the groupware application is created, updating happens automatically, unseen by the user. It could
• 99 •专八阅读
even incorporate stories from electronic wire feeds, so a manager whose client is involved in a takeover bid
can cull electronic “clippings” about a subject simply by asking，once, for all stories on a subject to be
••clipped'
(11 )One effect is that the workings of the firm become more open and the common, corporate store of
knowledge gained from previous jobs can be accessed easily. Subject to confidentiality considerations, people
can see what others are doing and tap into that information.
(12)Thus, if a PW consultant in Aberdeen has a client who needs advice on something to do with the oil
industry and program writing in a specific computer language， he can easily discover whether any other PW
project has touched upon that area at any other office, even in Europe or America. If somebody is leaving the
firm, the system will note the fact and, the day before he or she leaves, ask for the return of all outstanding
confidential documents and the individual's laptop computer.
1. The technology that PW chose .
A. had never been used by any other company B. was believed to reduce the costs
C. could help the company get out of trouble D. was rather new to most big companies
2. According to the passage, groupware is .
A. a set of hardware PW bought for self-protection B. a kind of glue PW used for repair
C. a technology that contributes to efficiency D. a worker PW hired to examine the computer
3. The main purpose of the passage is to •
A. advertise for groupware B. publicize new business theory
C. tell readers an interesting story D. present useful information
4. What does the word “slump” in the first paragraph mean?
(答案解析见P113)
Passage
(1 )Thirty-seven men have been elected Presidenl since 1789, and the American
people have applied two different standards in evaluating their achievements. The first
字 数:763 was formulated by Alexander Hamilton who test-drove the presidency in the Federalist
建议用时:8分钟 papers. The difficulty of winning the job, he argued, virtually guaranteed it would be
held by the best men. “Talents for low intrigue, and the little art of popularity”，
could “elevate a man to the first honors in a single state**. But only “characters pre-eminent for ability
and virtuecould impress the nation as a whole. The first seven Presidents, who filled the job for almost a
half-century, confirmed Hamilton’s prediction. George Washington, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson were
heroes of the American Revolution. James Madison was the prime mover in the push to write and ratify the
Constitution. James Monroe and John Quincy Adams had signal triumphs: Monroe successfully fought against
the English troops during the war in 1814， and Adams, as Monroe’s Secretary of State, conceived the Monroe
Doctrine， which waved Europe off the western hemisphere. Andrew Jackson, the frontier warrior, beat the
Creek Indians in the old Southwest and the British in New Orleans.
(2) It was not until the eighth President, Martin Van Buren, that America aimed lower. Van Buren was a
smooth self-made man from upstate New York who clambered to leadership first in his state, then in the
Democratic Party nationwide. He was a wire puller and wheeler-dealer. Former President John Quincy Adams
praised his “calmness”，“gentleness" and “discretion”， though not his “profound dissimulation” and “fawning
servility". Van Buren was a pol, first, last and always. He showed that intrigue and the art of popularity were
now enough to win the White House. Since 1841， most successful presidential candidates have passed the Van
Buren test. The electorate wants leaders who have played the game, even if they haven’t been All-Stars. It's a
low but sensible hurdle; Obama qualifies by that standard.
(3) Voters also don’t take kindly to non-politicians: two businessmen, Wendell Willkie and Ross Perot,
• 100 •Part © 6 2 篇阅读分类特训
made serious runs for the White House, although neither came close. Americans will elect a political neophyte
only if he passes the Hamilton test of pre-eminent ability. Ulysses S. Grant and Dwight Eisenhower had never
held elective office, but they won their wars. Some Presidents pass both tests: Theodore Roosevelt fought well
in the Spanish-American War and in New York State politics. Among the prospective 2008 candidates, only
one has shown pre-eminent ability: Rudy Giuliani, in solving the crime problem in the nation's largest city and
in his response 丨o 9/11.
(4) But is pre-eminent ability a reliable predictor of success? It doesn't guarantee victory at the polls. Henry
Clay was master of legislative finesse who helped broker the Missouri Compromises of 1820-1821, a deal
between slave states and free states that kept the two sides from each other’s throats for 30 years. Yet he
failed to become President in three tries. Great achievements don’t guarantee great presidencies even when the
pre-eminent man wins. The Eisenhower Administration, scorned by eggheads of the left and right while it was
going on, has been revised upward by later scholars, and a similar process is lifting Grant's presidency from
the cellar to which an unholy alliance of neo-Confederates and genteel reformers had consigned it. But neither
man will ever be considered as great in peace as he was in war.
(5) There have also been ordinary-seeming politicians who became epoch-making Presidents. After the 1932
Democratic Convention picked New York Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt, journalist H. L. Mencken described
him as a man “whose competence was plainly in doubt.” The Republican nomination of one-term Illinois
Congressman Abraham Lincoln in 1860 brought this sneer from diarist George Templeton Strong: “He cut a
great many rails, and worked on a flatboat in early youth; all which is somehow presumptive evidence of his
statesmanship.M
(6) Statesmanship is an art, which means there is always room for inspiration, and for grace. We are right
to look for a record of pre-eminent ability when we can find it. But the basic doctrine of republican
government, that all men are created equal, can be a surprise bonus for some leaders, as well as a guarantee
of rights for all of us. Sometimes greatness appears in unlikely places, even in ordinary pols from Illinois.
1. In Hamilton’s view， “the best men” include all the following EXCEPT .
A. those who are capable and noble-minded B. those who have the art of popularity
C. those who confirmed Hamilton's prediction D. John Adams who made great achievements
2. Van Buren could win the presidency NOT because .
A. of his intrigue and the art of popularity
B. he was a self-made man from upstate New York
C. of his “profound dissimulalion” and “fawning servility”
D. the Americans changed their standards
3. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. Obama will probably become President according to the American history.
B. All the presidential candidates should pass both the two mentioned tests.
C. Who will be the next U.S. President is still not clear before election.
D. Any presidential candidate would break the Hamilton and van Buren's tests.
4. What does the word “finesse” in the fourth paragraph mean?
(答案解析见P113)
(l)What makes a great communicator? A willingness to share that driving sense
of mission and a burning faith that others will embrace, too.
(2)As an entrepreneur, you have an extraordinary story to tell. But whether
you’re pitching or promoting a service, product, company, or cause, how you craft
and deliver your message could mean the difference between making the sale or
• 101 •专八阅读
being shown the door. Some people are simply better than others at articulating their message.
(3) Raising the bar. My work takes me across the country and exposes me to spokespeople in a variety of
industries. But the goals are always the same: To articulate a message that meets the demands of contemporary
audiences, who want their speakers to be passionate, inspiring, brief, captivating, and clear.
(4) As the majority of us are accustomed to PowerPoint shows, 24-hour cable news, and MTV-style videos,
our perception of great corporate speakers has changed. The great spokespeople of our time have raised the bar
on what it means to be a business communicator—and you’re being compared to them.
(5) When CNBC interviews Apple (AAPL) CEO Steve Jobs, you're being compared to him. When C-SPAN
brings British Prime Minister Tony Blair into our living rooms every week, you're being compared to him.
When Cisco (CSCO) CEO John Chambers delivers a dazzling PowerPoint show, you're being compared to him.
They’ve mastered 10 techniques that set them apart—techniques that I uncovered while researching my new
book， 10 Simple Secrets of the World's Greatest Business Communicators.
(6) Pitching with oomph. But enough talk about “the secrets”. Let’s get started. Extraordinary entrepreneurs
and business professionals credit their communication skills for much of their success, and each is fueled by a
passionate commitment to their service, product, company, or cause. Passion separates the world's top pitchmen
from the vast majority of mediocre presenters. Without passion, you will fail to motivate, inspire, and electrify
your audiences.
(7) Starbucks (SBUX) Chairman Howard Schultz didn't build one of the most admired brands in the world
because he blends the right mix of espresso, steamed milk, and foam. While interviewing Schultz for 10
Simple Secrets, I quickly realized he doesn't leave his passion at the office. While many of us like coffee,
even love it, Schultz is passionate about it. Really passionate.
(8) During a now-famous trip to Italy, on a piazza in Milan, Schultz's life was forever changed. The
Italians were passionate about their coffee, he excitedly told his wife. Schultz brought that passion back to
America and transformed a small Seattle coffee-bean store into an American institution. His zeal convinced
investors to buy into his concept of bringing Italian-style caKs to America—and without it， we never would
have been introduced to mocha frappuccinos!
(9) Emotional rapport. At this point, some of you might be saying, “My passion is to get rich.” Fine. But
I，m urging you to dig deeper. You see，I’ve personally met and interviewed several entrepreneurs who have
joined the billionaires club. I’ve watched them address staff，customers, and investors. Not once did they ever
discuss how much joy they get out of being wealthy. Instead, they build an emotional rapport with their listeners
by sharing their connection to the topic—their passion—through personal stories, anecdotes, and examples.
(10) Now ask yourself, “What’s my connection to my message?” If you’re a financial planner， is it to help
your customers avoid the painful debt you saw your parents fall into? It is for Suze Orman， who tapped into
that passion to fuel her success as an author and television host. If you sell networking hardware, is your
passion fueled by the desire to change the way the world lives, works, plays, and learns? It is for Cisco
Systems CEO John Chambers, whose passionate vision of the future has earned him a spot as one of the mosl
admired chief executives in corporate America.
(11) If you manage a coffee shop or restaurant, is your passion to create a welcoming “third place”
between home and work for your customers to enjoy? It is for Howard Schultz, whose passion has literally
changed the daily habits of millions of people around the world. So whether you're addressing an audience of
1 or 1,000， reveal your passion by identifying and sharing your personal connection to your company message.
It will set you apart as a speaker.
1. Whafs the relationship between the last two paragraphs?
A. They both support the same topic sentence. B. They present opposing ideas respectively.
C. The latter is the illustration of the former. D. The latter is the logical result of the former.
2. The passage indicates that it is important to in business communication.
A. establish personal friendship B. show passion in conveying message
• 102 •Part❽ 62篇阅读分类特训
C. employ high communicative skills D. meet listeners' emotional demands
3. This passage is meant to target the following groups of readers EXCEPT .
A. entrepreneurs B. salespersons C. public speakers D. shop owners
4. What does the “third place” in the last paragraph refer to?
(答案解析见P114)
Passage
(l)Last month Hansen Transmissions International, a maker of gearboxes for wind
turbines, was listed on the London Stock Exchange. Nothing noteworthy about that,
字 数:743 you might say, despite the jump in the share price on the first day of trading and
建议用时:8分钟 the handsome gain since: green technology is all the rage, is it not? But Hansen
exemplifies another trend too, which should prove every bit as durable: the rise of
multinational companies from emerging economies. Its parent is Suzlon, an Indian firm that began life as a
textile manufacturer but is now among the world’s five leading makers of wind turbines. Along the way,
Suzlon has acquired not only Hansen, originally Belgian, but also REpower, a German wind-energy firm,
spending over $2 billion on the pair.
(2) The world is now replete with Suzlons: global companies from emerging economies buying businesses in
rich countries as well as in poorer places. Another Indian company, Tata Motors, looks likely to add to the list
soon, by buying two grand old names of British carmaking, Jaguar and Land Rover, from America's enfeebled
Ford. As a symbol of a shift in economic power, this is hard to match.
(3) Economic theory says that this should not happen. Richer countries should export capital to poorer ones,
not the other way round. Economists have had to get used to seeing this turned on its head in recent years, as
rich countries have run large current-account deficits and borrowed from China and other emerging economies
(notably oil exporters) with huge surpluses. Similarly, foreign direct investment (FDI)—the buying of
companies and the building of factories and offices abroad—should also flow from rich to poor, and with it
managerial and entrepreneurial prowess.
(4) It is not yet time to tear up the textbook on FDI. According to the UN Conference on Trade and
Development (UNCTAD), in 2(H)6 the flow of FDI into developing economies exceeded the outflow by more
than $200 billion. But the transfer of finance and expertise is by no means all in one direction. Developing
economies accounted for one-seventh of FDI outflows in 2006， most of it in the form of takeovers. Indian
companies have done most to catch the eye， but firms from Brazil， China and Mexico, in industries from
cement to consumer electronics and aircraft manufacture, have also gone global. Up to a point, emerging-market
multinationals have been buying Western know-how. But they have been bringing managerial and
entrepreneurial skill, as well as just money, to the companies they buy: British managers bear grudging witness
to the financial flair of Mexican cement bosses; Boeing and Airbus may have learnt a thing or two from the
global supply chains of Brazil’s Embraer.
(5) Perhaps no one should be surprised. Half a century ago, Japan was a poor country: today Sony and
Toyota are among the best-known and mightiest companies on the planet. South Korea is still listed as
developing country in UNCTAD^s tables, but that seems bizarrely outdated for the homes of Samsung. Now
another generation is forming. To its critics, globalisation may be little more than a licence for giant Western
companies to colonise the emerging world, yet more and more firms from poorer economies are planting their
flags in rich ground.
1. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _____ .
A. green technology is out of fashion at that time B. green technology is useless at that time
C. green technology is irrational and unrealistic D. green technology is popular at a particular time
2. Which of the following is NOT the reason why **the world is now replete with Suzlons** in the
• 103 •专八阅读
second paragraph?
A. Many companies from emerging economies buy business in rich countries.
B. Many companies from emerging economies buy business in poor countries.
C. Suzlon is the best and most powerful company in the world.
D. There are many emerging companies like Suzlon in the world.
3. Which category of writing does this passage belong to?
A. Editorial. B. Essay. C. Feature. D. News.
4. What does "emerging economiesn (in the first three paragraphs) mean?
(答案解析见P114)
Passage
(])A11 around the world, shoppers flock to Wal-Mart to buy everything from socks
to sofa beds. In McKinney, Texas, they come for another reason: to see the wind
字 数:724 turbine. Rising 120 ft. above the ground, it’s the tallest structure in town and supplies
建议用时:8分钟 5% of the store's electricity. It*s not the only thing that makes this Wal-Mart a green
L---------------------- J
giant. There are photovoltaic shingles on the roof， exterior walls coated with heat-
reflective paint and a high-tech system that automatically dims or raises the lights depending on whether it’s
sunny or overcast. Brent Allen, who manages the experimental store, says customers tell him all the time that
"they drove out of their way to shop at this Wal-Mart/' Which makes you wonder: If folks drive farther
than they have to，aren’t they burning extra gasoline in their pickups and SUVs? And isn’t that offsetting the
store's energy savings?
(2) The laws of unintended consequences can be cruel for companies trying to do the right thing. The laws
of economics suggest that Wal-Mart is so big, with 5,2(K) stores worldwide, that it influences everything from
the price of lumber to the size of the container your laundry detergent comes in. And if this retailing giant
throws its weight behind environmental responsibility, the impact could be profound: less air pollution at
factories in China, mass-market sales of organic products, cereal boxes that aren’t half filled with air. “One
little change in product packaging could save 1,500 trees/t says Wal-Mart CEO Lee Scott. “If everybody
saves 1,500 trees or 50 barrels of oil, at the end of the day you have made a huge difference."
(3) Scott wants Wal-Man to do its part too. He has promised to cut greenhouse-gas emissions at existing
stores 20% over the next few years and pledged to construct new stores that are 25% to 30% more efficient.
He wants Wal-Mart's fleet of more than 7,(KH) trucks to gel twice as many miles per gallon by 2015. Factories
that show Wal-Mart they're cutting air pollution一even those in China—will get preferential treatment in the
supply chain. Wal-Mart says it's working with consumer-product manufacturers to trim their packaging and will
reward those that do so with prime real estate on the shelves. Scott has pledged to enlist Wal-Mart's army of
lobbyists to push for pro-environmental policy changes in Washington, including incentives for utilities to cut
greenhouse gases.
(4) Cynics might call it a “greenwash”， a bid to deflect attention from Wal-Mart's controversial labor and
health-insurance practices. But it’s not just window dressing， because Wal-Mart sees profit in going green.
“We are not being altruistic,” says Scott. *This is a business philosophy, not a social philosophy.** Some top
environmentalists seem convinced he's serious, including Amory Lovins, head of the Rocky Mountain Institute,
who is a paid adviser. “We don’t go where we don’t think there’s a genuine interest in change，" says Lovins.
(5) There’s no question that soaring energy costs are fueling Wal-Mart’s conservation drive. The company
now insists that truckers shut off their engines when stopping for a break, yielding estimated savings of $25
million a year. By doubling the gas mileage of the fleet through better aerodynamics and lower-friction tires,
Wal-Mart expects to pocket $310 million a year. One of the biggest items on its energy bill is lighting.
Instead of going with the cheapest bulbs, the company is experimenting with costlier LED strips for
• 104 •Part 〇 62篇阅读分类特训
refrigeration units that last longer and use less energy. Scott also wants to sell more organically grown food
and cotton clothing， partly because it’s good for the planet， partly because he believes he can get prices down
and boost sales to low-income customers.
(6)Like Bill Gates, who started his charitable foundation shortly after Microsoft's antitrust trial, Scott
happens to be burnishing Wal-Mart’s image at a time when his company’s reputation is under siege. He
acknowledges that he launched the plan partly to shield Wal-Mart from bad press about its contribution to
global warming. “By doing what we’re doing today you avoid the headline risks that are going to come for
people who did not do anything，” he says. “At some point businesses will be held accountable for the actions
they take.” Meanwhile, should Wal-Mart succeed at shrinking its environmental footprint and lowering prices
for green products, both the planet and the company will profit. Sam Walton would have liked that.
1. The relationship between the third and fourth paragraphs is that _____ .
A. each presents one side of Wal-Mart B. the fourth is the logical result of the third
C. the third generalizes and the fourth gives examples D. both present Wal-Mart's success in business
2. As for Wal-Mart itself, it can be inferred that .
A. there are 5,200 stores all over the world
B. Wal-Mart has more than T^KK) trucks over the world
C. Wal-Mart has great influence on world market
D. Lee Scott is Wal-Mart’s CEO and decision-maker
3. Which of the following is NOT Wal-Marfs future plan?
A. Reduce emissions of greenhouse-gas in current stores.
B. Establish newly efficient stores in different places.
C. The fleet of trucks used more fuels than before.
D. Give preferential treatment to certain factories.
4. What9s the main idea of the last paragraph?
(答案解析见P114)
Passage
(l)Kimiyuki Suda should be a perfect customer for Japan’s carmakers. He’s a
young (34), successful executive at an Internet-services company in Tokyo and has
字 数：794
plenty of disposable income. He used to own Toyota’s Hilux Surf, a sport utility
建议用时:8分钟
vehicle. But now he uses mostly subways and trains. “It’s not inconvenient at all,”
he says. Besides, “having a car is so 20th century."
(2)Suda reflects a worrisome trend in Japan; the automobile is losing its emotional appeal, particularly
among the young, who prefer to spend their money on the latest electronic gadgets. While minicars and luxury
foreign brands are still popular, everything in between is slipping. Last year sales fell 6.7 percent—if you don’t
count the minicar market. There have been larger one-year drops in other nations: sales in Germany fell 9
percent in 2007 thanks to a tax hike. But analysts say Japan is unique in that sales have been eroding steadily
over time. Since 1990, yearly new-car sales have fallen from 7.8 million to 5.4 million units in 2(X)7.
⑶ Alarmed by this state of decay, the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association launched a comprehen
sive study of the market in 2006. It found a widening wealth gap， demographic changes—fewer households
with children, a growing urban population—and general lack of interest in cars led Japanese to hold their vehi
cles longer, replace their cars with smaller ones or give up car ownership altogether. “Japan’s automobile so
ciety stands at a crossroad,” says Ryuichi Kitamura, a transport expert and professor at Kyoto University. He
says he does not expect the trend to be reversed， as studies show that the younger Japanese consumers are， the
less interested they are in having a car. JAMA predicts a further sales decline of 1.2 percent in 2008. Some
analysts believe that if the trend continues for much longer, further consolidation in the automotive sector (al-专八阅读
ready under competitive pressure) is likely.
(4) Japanese demographics have something to do with the problem. The country's urban population has
grown by nearly 20 percent since 1990, and most city dwellers use mass transit (the country's system is one
of the best developed in the world) on a daily basis, making it less essential to own a car. Experts say
Europe, where the car market is also quite mature, may be in for a similar shift.
(5) But in Japan， the “demotorization” process， or kuruma banare， is also driven by cost factors. Owning
and driving a car can cost up to $500 per month in Japan, including parking fees, car insurance, toll roads
and various taxes. Taxes on a $17,000 car in Japan are 4.1 times higher than in the United States, 1.7 times
higher than in Germany and 1.25 times higher than in the U.K., according to JAMA. “Automobiles used to
represent a symbol of our status, a Western, modem lifestyle that we aspired for/* says Kitamura. For
today's young people, he argues, “such thinking is completely gone.”
(6) Cars are increasingly just a mobile utility; the real consumer time and effort goes into picking the
coolest mobile phones and personal computers, not the hippest hatchback. The rental-car industry has grown by
more than 30 percent in the past eight years, as urbanites book weekend wheels over the Internet. Meanwhile,
government surveys show that spending on cars per household per year fell by 14 percent, to $600, between
2000 and 2(X)5， while spending on Net and mobile-phone subscriptions rose by 39 percent, to $1,5⑻ ， during
the same period.
(7) For Japanese car companies, the implications are enormous. “Japan is the world’s second largest
market, with a 17 to 18 percent share of our global sales. It's important/* says Takao Katagiri, corporate vice
president at Nissan Motor Co. The domestic market is where Japanese carmakers develop technology and build
their know-how, and if it falters, it could gut an industry that employs 7.8 percent of the Japanese work force.
(8) While surging exports, particularly to emerging markets, have more than offset the decline in domestic
sales so far, companies are looking for ways to turn the tide. Nissan, for example, is trying to appeal to the
digital generation with promotional blogs and even a videogame. A racing game for Sony's PlayStation, for
example， offers players the chance to virtually drive the company’s latest sporty model， the GT-R—a new
marketing approach to create buzz and tempt them into buying cars. Toyota Motors has opened an auto mall
as part of a suburban shopping complex near Tokyo, hoping to attract the kinds of shoppers who have long
since stopped thinking about dropping by a car dealership. It's a bit akin to the Apple strategy of moving
electronics out of the soulless superstore, and into more appealing and well-trafficked retail spaces. It worked
for Apple， but then Apple is so 21st century.
1. It can be inferred from the passage all of the following EXCEPT that .
A. Japanese carmakers develop technology in overseas market
B. the young in Japan have little interest in having a car
C. Japan's minicar industry didn't lose its market share
D. Japan can be regarded as a nation at the wheel
2. Which of the following is NOT the hidden reason for Japan's poor car market performance?
A. A conspicuous disparity of wealth among countries. B. Changes of the distribution of population.
C. Little interest in cars and relevant industry. D. Poor function of Japan's public transportation.
3. According to the passage, what can we learn about Japan's car industry?
A. Most young still regard automobiles as a symbol of status.
B. Car-booking industry grows rapidly and is popular at weekends.
C. Japan’s car companies develop technology mainly for overseas market.
D. Exports can't compensate for the decrease of domestic sales.
4. What9s the main point of the last paragraph?
(答案解析见P115)
• 106 •Part © 6 2 篇阅读分类特训
Passage
(l)Pundits who want to sound judicious are fond of warning againsl generalizing.
Each country is different, they say, and no one story fits all of Asia. This is, of
字 数:632
course, silly: all of these economies plunged into economic crisis within a few
建议用时:7分钟
months of each other, so they must have had something in common.
(2)In fact， the logic of catastrophe was pretty much the same in Thailand，
Malaysia, Indonesia and South Korea. (Japan is a very different story.) In each case investors—mainly, but not
entirely, foreign banks who had made short-term loans一all tried to pull their money out at the same time. The
result was a combined banking and currency crisis: a banking crisis because no bank can convert all its assets
into cash on short notice; a currency crisis because panicked investors were trying not only to convert long
term assets into cash, but to convert baht or rupiah into dollars. In the face of the stampede, governments had
no good options. If they let their currencies plunge, inflation would soar and companies that had borrowed in
dollars would go bankrupt; if they tried to support their currencies by pushing up interest rates, the same firms
would probably go bust from the combination of debt burden and recession. In practice, countries split the
difference一and paid a heavy price regardless.
⑶ Was the crisis a punishment for bad economic management? Like most cliches， the catchphrase “crony
capitalism” has prospered because it gets at something real: excessively cozy relationships between government
and business really did lead to a lot of bad investments. The still primitive financial structure of Asian
business also made the economies peculiarly vulnerable to a loss of confidence. But the punishment was surely
disproportionate to the crime, and many investments that look foolish in retrospect seemed sensible at the time.
(4) Given that there were no good policy options, was the policy response mainly on the right track? There
was frantic blame-shifting when everything in Asia seemed to be going wrong; now there is a race to claim
credit when some things have started to go right. The International Monetary Fund points to Korea’s recovery
—and more generally to the fact that the sky didn’t fall after all—as proof that its policy recommendations
were right. Never mind that other IMF clients have done far worse， and that the economy of Malaysia—
which refused IMF help, and horrified respectable opinion by imposing capital controls—also seems to be on
the mend. Malaysia’s Prime Minister， by contrast， claims full credit for any good news—even though
neighbouring economies also seem to have bottomed out.
(5) The truth is that an observer without any ax to grind would probably conclude that none of the policies
adopted either on or in defiance of the IMF's advice made much difference either way. Budget policies、
interest rate policies, banking reform—whatever countries tried, just about all the capital that could flee, did.
And when there was no more money to run, the natural recuperative powers of the economies finally began to
prevail. At best, the money doctors who purported to offer cures provided a helpful bedside manner; at worst,
they were like medieval physicians who prescribed bleeding as a remedy for all ills.
(6) Will the patients stage a full recovery? It depends on exactly what you mean by “full”. South Korea’s
industrial production is already above its pre-crisis level; but in the spring of 1997 anyone who had predicted
zero growth in Korean industry over the next two years would have been regarded as a reckless doomsayer.
So if by recovery you mean not just a return to growth, but one that brings the region’s performance back to
something like what people used to regard as the Asian norm, they have a long way to go.
1. According to the passage， which of the following is NOT the writer’s opinion?
A. Countries paid a heavy price for whichever measure taken.
B. Countries all found themselves in an economic dilemma.
C. Withdrawal of foreign capital resulted in the crisis.
D. Most governments chose one of the two options.
2. The writer thinks that those Asian countries _____ .
A. well deserved the punishment
• 107 •专八阅读
B. invested in a senseless way at the time
C. were unduly punished in the crisis
D. had bad relationships between government and business
3. At the end of the passage, the writer seems to think that a full recovery of the Asian economy
is •
A. due B. remote C. imaginative D. unpredictable
4. What can we infer about IMF policy recommendations from the passage?
(答案解析见P115)
(l)Cooperative competition. Competitive cooperation. Confused? Airline alliances
have travellers scratching their heads over what's going on in the skies. Some folks
字 数：831 view alliances as a blessing to travellers, offering seamless travel, reduced fares and
建议用时:9分钟 enhanced frequent-flyer benefits. Others see a conspiracy of big businesses, causing
--------------- J
decreased competition, increased fares and fewer choices. Whatever your opinion,
there*s no escaping airline alliances: the marketing hype is unrelenting, with each of the two mega-groupings,
Oneworld and Star Alliance, promoting itself as the best choice for all travellers. And, even if you turn away
from their ads, chances are they will figure in any of your travel plans. By the end of the year, Oneworld and
Star Alliance will between them control more than 40% of the traffic in the sky. Some pundits predict that
figure will be more like 75% in 10 years.
(2) But why, after years of often ferocious competition, have airlines decided to band together? Let's just
say the timing is mutually convenient. North American airlines, having exhausted all means of earning customer
loyalty at home, have been looking for ways to reach out to foreign flyers. Asian carriers are still hurting from
the region-wide economic downturn that began two years ago—just when some of the airlines were taking
delivery of new aircraft. Alliances also allow carriers to cut costs and increase profits by pooling manpower
resources on the ground (rather than each airline maintaining its own ground crew) and code-sharing一the
practice of two partners selling tickets and operating only one aircraft.
(3) So alliances are terrific for airlines一but are they good for the passenger? Absolutely, say the airlines:
think of the lounges， the joint FFP (frequent flyer programme) benefits, the round-the-world fares， and the
global service networks. Then there’s the promise of “seamless" travel: the ability to，say, travel from
Singapore to Rome to New York to Rio de Janiero, all on one ticket, without having to wait hours for
connections or worry about your bags. Sounds utopian? Peter Buecking, Cathay Pacific’s director of sales and
marketing, thinks that seamless travel is still evolving. “It’s fair to say that these links are only in their
infancy. The key to seamlessness rests in infrastructure and information sharing. We're working on this.M Henry
Ma， spokesperson for Star Alliance in Hong Kong, lists some of the other benefits for consumers: “Global
travellers have an easier time making connections and planning their itineraries/* Ma claims alliances also
assure passengers consistent service standards.
(4) Critics of alliances say the much-touted benefits to the consumer are mostly pie in the sky, that
alliances are all about reducing costs for the airlines， rationalizing services and running joint marketing
programmes. Jeff Blyskal, associate editor of Consumer Reports magazine, says the promotional ballyhoo over
alliances is much ado about nothing. “I don’t see much of a gain for consumers: alliances are just a marketing
gimmick. And as far as seamless travel goes, I’ll believe it when I see it. Most airlines can’t even get their
own connections under control， let alone coordinate with another airline.”
(5) Blyskal believes alliances will ultimately result in decreased flight choices and increased costs for
consumers. Instead of two airlines competing and each operating a flight on the same route at 70% capacity,
the allied pair will share the route and run one full flight. Since fewer seats will be available, passengers will
• 108 •Part❿ 62篇阅读分类特训
be obliged to pay more for tickets.
⑹ The truth about alliances and their merits probably lies somewhere between the travel utopia presented
by the players and the evil empires portrayed by their critics. And how much they affect you depends on what
kind of traveller you are.
(7)Those who’ve already made the elite grade in the FFP of a major airline stand to benefit the most
when it joins an alliance: then they enjoy the FFP perks and advantages on any and all of the member
carriers. For example， if you’re a Marco Polo Club “gold” member of Cathay Pacific’s Asia Miles FFP， you
will automatically be treated as a valuable customer by all members of Oneworld, of which Cathay Pacific is a
member—even if you've never flown with them before.
⑻ For those who haven’t made the top grade in any FFP， alliances might he a way of simplifying the
earning of frequent flyer miles. For example, I belong to United Airline’s Mileage Plus and generally fly less
than 2S,(K)0 miles a year. But I earn miles with every flight I take on wStar Alliance member—All Nippon
Airways and Thai Airways.
(9)If you fly less than I do, you might be smarter to stay out of the FFP game altogether. Hunt for
bargains when booking flights and you might be able to save enough to take that extra trip anyway. The only
real benefit infrequent flyers can draw from an alliance is an inexpensive round-the-world fare.
(l())The bottom line: for all the marketing hype， alliances aren’t all things to all people—but everybody
can get some benefit out of them.
1. Which is the best word to describe air travellers, reaction to airline alliances?
A. Delight. B. Indifference. C. Objection. D. Puzzlement.
2. Which of the following is NOT a perceived advantage of alliances?
A. Baggage allowance. B. Passenger comfort. C. Convenience. D. Quality.
3. One disadvantage of alliances foreseen by the critics is that air travel may be more expensive as a
result of _____ •
A. less convenience B. higher operation costs C. less competition D. more joint marketing
4. According to the passage, what kind of travellers will gain most from airline alliances?
(答案解析见P115)
Passage
(])Harry Truman didn't think his successor had the right training to be president.
“Poor Ike—it won’t be a bit like the Army,” he said. “He’ll sit there all day saying
字 数：702 4do this， do that/ and nothing will happen•” Truman was wrong about Ike. Dwight
建议用时：8 分钟 Eisenhower had led a fractious alliance—you didn’t tell Winston Churchill what to
do—in a massive, chaotic war. He was used to politics. But Truman's insight could
well be applied to another, even more venerated Washington figure: the CEO-turned cabinet secretary.
(2) A 20-year bull market has convinced us all that CEOs are geniuses, so watch with astonishment the
troubles of Donald Rumsfeld and Paul O'Neill. Here are two highly regarded businessmen, obviously intelligent
and well-informed, foundering in their jobs.
(3) Actually， we shouldn’t be surprised. Rumsfeld and O’Neill are not doing badly despite having been
successful CEOs but because of it. The record of senior businessmen in government is one of almost
unrelieved disappointment. In fact, with the exception of Robert Rubin, it is difficult to think of a CEO who
had a successful career in government.
(4) Why is this? Well, first the CEO has to recognize that he is no longer the CEO. He is at best an
adviser to the CEO, the president. But even the president is not really the CEO. No one is. Power in a
corporation is concentrated and vertically structured. Power in Washington is diffuse and horizontally spread
out. The secretary might think he’s in charge of his agency. But the chairman of the congressional committee
funding that agency feels the same. In his famous study “Presidential Power and the Modem Presidents,”
• 109 •专八阅读
Richard Neustadt explains how little power the president actually has and concludes that the only lasting
presidential power is "the power to persuade/*
(5) Take Rumsfeld^ attempt to transform the cold-war military into one geared for the future. It's
innovative but deeply threatening to almost everyone in Washington. The Defense secretary did not try to sell it
to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Congress, the budget office or the White House. As a result, the idea is collapsing.
(6) Second, what power you have, you must use carefully. For example, O'NeilFs position as Treasury
secretary is one with little formal authority. Unlike Finance ministers around the world. Treasury does not
control the budget. But it has symbolic power. The secretary is seen as the chief economic spokesman for the
administration and, if he plays it right, the chief economic adviser for the president.
(7) 0’Neill has been publicly critical of the IMF’s bailout packages for developing countries while at the
same time approving such packages for Turkey, Argentina and Brazil. As a result, he has gotten the worst of
both worlds. The bailouts continue, but their effect in holstering investor confidence is limited because the
markets are rattled by his skepticism.
(8) Perhaps the government doesn't do bailouts well. But that leads to a third rule: you can*t just quit. Jack
Welch’s famous law for re-engineering General Electric was to be first or second in any given product
category, or else get out of that business. But if the government isn't doing a particular job at peak level, it
doesn’t always have the option of relieving itself of that function. The Pentagon probably wastes a lot of
money. But it can't get out of the national-security business.
(9) The key to former Treasury secretary Rubin's success may have been that he fully understood that
business and government are, in his words, “necessarily and properly very different.” In a recent speech he
explained， “Business functions around one predominate organizing principle，profitability... Government, on the
other hand， deals with a vast number of equally legitimate and often potentially competing objectives—for
example, energy production versus environmental protection, or safety regulations versus productivity.”
(lOJRubin's example shows that talented people can do well in government if they are willing to treat it
as its own separate, serious endeavour. But having been bathed in a culture of adoration and flattery, it's difficult
for a CEO to believe he needs to listen and learn, particularly from those despised and poorly paid specimens,
politicians， bureaucrats and the media. And even if he knows it intellectually， he just can’t live with it.
1. Which of the following is NOT true about Ike?
A. He was the successor to President Harry Truman. B. He once worked together with Winston Churchill.
C. He had been a CEO in an international company. D. He had been a commander of the allied forces.
2. In commenting on O^eilPs record as Treasury Secretary, the passage seems to indicate that _____ •
A. O’Neill has failed to use his power well
B. O'NeilKs policies were well received
C. O’Neill has been consistent in his policies
D. O’Neill is uncertain about the package he’s approved
3. The author seems to suggest that CEO-turned government officials _____.
A. are able to fit into their new roles B. are unlikely to adapt to their new roles
C. can respond to new situations intelligently D. may feel uncertain in their new posts
4. Why did Rumsfeld's attempt to reform the US military fail?
(答案解析见P115)
(l)Farmers in the developing world hate price fluctuations. It makes it hard to
plan ahead. But most of them have little choice: they sell at the price the market
字 数:637 sets. Fanners in Europe, the U.S. and Japan are luckier: they receive massive
建议用时:6分钟 government subsidies in the form of guaranteed prices or direct handouts. Last month
L ------
U.S. President Bush signed a new farm bill that gives American farmers $190 billion
• 110 •Part © 62篇阅读分类特训
over the next 10 years, or $83 billion more than they had been scheduled to get， and pushes U.S. agricultural
support close to crazy European levels. Bush said the step was necessary to "promote farmer independence and
preserve the farm way of life for generations”. It is also designed to help the Republican Party win control of
the Senate in November’s mid-term elections.
(2) Agricultural production in most poor countries accounts for up to 50% of GDP, compared to only 3%
in rich countries. But most farmers in poor countries grow just enough for themselves and their families. Those
who try exporting to the West find their goods whacked with huge tariffs or competing against cheaper
subsidized goods. In 1999 the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development concluded that for each
dollar developing countries receive in aid they lose up to $14 just because of trade barriers imposed on the
export of their manufactured goods. It’s not as if the developing world wants any favours, says Gerald
Ssendawula, Uganda’s Minister of Finance. “What we want is for the rich countries to let us compete.”
(3) Agriculture is one of the few areas in which the Third World can compete. Land and labour are cheap,
and as farming methods develop, new technologies should improve output. This is no pie-in-the-sky speculation.
The biggest success in Kenya's economy over the past decade has been the boom in exports of cut flowers
and vegetables to Europe. But that may all change in 2008， when Kenya will be slightly too rich to qualify
for the “least-developed country” status that allows African producers to avoid paying stiff European import
duties on selected agricultural products. With trade barriers in place, the horticulture industry in Kenya will
shrivel as quickly as a discarded rose. And while agriculture exports remain the great hope for poor countries,
reducing trade barriers in other sectors also works: America's African Growth and Opportunity Act, which cuts
duties on exports of everything from handicrafts to shoes, has proved a boon to Africa’s manufacturers. The
lesson: the Third World can prosper if the rich world gives it a fair go.
(4) This is what makes Bush's decision to increase farm subsidies last month all the more depressing. Poor
countries have long suspected that the rich world urges trade liberalization only so it can wangle its way into
new markets. Such suspicions caused the Seattle trade talks to break down three years ago. But last November
members of the World Trade Organization, meeting in Doha，Qatar, finally agreed to a new round of talks
designed to open up global trade in agriculture and textiles. Rich countries assured poor countries, that their
concerns were finally being addressed. Bush’s handout last month makes a lie of America’s commitment to
those talks and his personal devotion to free trade.
1. By comparison, farmers receive more government subsidies than others.
A. in the developing world B. in Japan C. in Europe D. in America
2. In addition to the economic considerations f there is a motive behind Bush’s signing of the new
farm bill.
A. partisan B. social C. financial D. cultural
3. The message the writer attempts to convey throughout the passage is that
A. poor countries should be given equal opportunities in trade
B. “the least-developed country" status benefits agricultural countries
C. poor countries should remove their suspicions about trade liberalization
D. farmers in poor countries should also receive the benefit of subsidies
4. What is the writer,s attitude towards new farm subsidies in the U.S.?
(答案解析见P116)
(l)The banners are packed, the tickets booked. The glitter and white overalls
have been bought， the gas masks just fit and the mobile phones are ready. All that
字 数：427 remains is to get to the parlies.
建议用时：6分钟 (2)This week will see a feast of pan-European protests. It started on Bastille
• 111 •专八阅读
Day, last Saturday, with the French unions and immigrants on the streets and the first demonstrations in Britain
and Germany about climate change. It will continue tomorrow and Thursday with environmental and peace
rallies against President Bush. But the big one is in Genoa, on Friday and Saturday, where the G8 leaders will
meet behind the lines of 18,000 heavily armed police.
(3) Unlike Prague, Gothenburg, Cologne or Nice, Genoa is expected to be Europe’s Seattle, the coming
together of the disparate strands of resistance to corporate globalisation.
(4) Neither the protesters nor the authorities know what will happen, but some things are predictable. Yes,
there will be violence and yes, the mass media will focus on it. What should seriously concern the G8 is not
so much the violence, the numbers in the streets or even that they themselves look like idiots hiding behind
the barricades, but that the deep roots of a genuine new version of internationalism are growing.
(5) For the first time in a generation， the international political and economic condition is in the dock.
Moreover, the protesters are unlikely to go away, their confidence is growing rather than waning, their agendas
are merging, the protests are spreading and drawing in all ages and concerns.
(6) No single analysis has drawn all the strands of the debate together. In the meantime, the global protest
“movement” is developing its own language，texts, agendas, myths, heroes and villains. Just as the G8
leaders, world bodies and businesses talk increasingly from the same script, so the protesters' once disparate
political and social analyses are converging. The long-term project of governments and world bodies to
globalise capital and development is being mirrored by the globalisation of protest.
(7) But what happens next? Governments and world bodies are unsure which way to turn. However well
they are policed, major protests reinforce the impression of indifferent elites, repression of debate, overreaction
to dissent, injustice and unaccountable power.
(8) Their options一apart from actually embracing the broad agenda being put to them—are to retreat behind
even higher barricades, repress dissent further, abandon global meetings altogether or, more likely, meet only in
places able to physically resist ihe masses.
(9) Brussels is considering building a super fortress of international meetings. Genoa may be the last of the
European super-protests.
1. According to the passage, what is most characteristic of the protest against the G8 meetings in Genoa?
A. It started last Saturday and will last a long time.
B. It involves much violence with a great number of protesters.
C. It takes thousands of heavily armed police to protect the G8 leaders.
D. It symbolizes the merging of disparate global protests.
2. According to the passage, economic globalisation is paralleled by _____ •
A. the emerging differences in the global protest movement
B. the disappearing differences in the global protest movement
C. the growing European concern about globalisation
D. the increase in the number of protesters
3. According to the last paragraph, what is Brussels considering doing?
A. Meeting in places difficult to reach. B. Further repressing dissent.
C. Accepting the protesters’ agenda. D. Abandoning global meetings.
4. According to the context, what does the word ^parties" at the end of the first paragraph refer to?
(答案解析见P116)
答案令解析
Passage 26
l.[B】【解析】迷人贵色在文中未提及，W此选B>文章主要阐述雨季招徕游客的手段，第2段末句提到奔房易定，
故 A 符合文意；第3、4 段是关于mud-themed food的描述，故 C 也符合文怠；D“特色项H ” M后两段中
• 112 •Part © 62篇阅读分类特训
有所体现》
2 . 丨D ]【解析】从第5 段的描述吋知，雨季的旅游没有旺季旺盛，网而D 符 合 题 意 A 与第2 段第4 句相符；第 5
段的描述表明，雨季游客的消费大大降低，由此可推断旅馆的利润也会随之下滑，B 与之相符；从第8 段对
越野项目的描写，可知其B标群是爱丨？险的游客，因此C 符合文意。
3. [C ]【解析】本文的主题是关于新英格兰雨季的旅游问题新英格兰的雨季是旅游的淡季，然而很多旅馆客找
做了诸多努力来吸引游客：便货的旅游套答、以泥浆为主题的饮食等等据此可知.C 的表述M为贴切。文章
未提及风景，D 可酋先排除.，A 和B 是文中含有的信息，但不全面，
4. To expound one aspect of the preceding topic.
【解析丨前两段提出新英格兰的雨季是旅游淡季，第 2段扱后两句指出旅馆采用各种方法来招徕游客：饮食、价
格折扣等，这是文章的主题句文章接着闱绕该主题句对这些方面进行阐述，第3、4 段介绍了饮食方面，故答案
可表述为 To expound one aspect of the preceding topic。
Passage 27 .................
1. [D ]【解析】由第5 段最后两句可知，D 厲于Lyle Graniley的讲话内容，与题干中所讲的Kretzmer无关，故选
D 第6 段第2 句后f•句提到，银行系统实力增强，金融市场可以应对大宗交易傲，故排除A、B;第 1段倒数
第2 句提到，Kretzmer表示在采取行动之前要秄真实数据信息，说明Kretzmer认为市场的信息并不准确，
故排除C。
2. [C】【解析】第 5段汫观察员认为美联储没有必要挽救世界经济，而第6 段讲专家不赞成美联储调控股市；而
且两段都阐述了各自的理由。据此可知，两段主要叙述了不干涉的理由。故选C。
3 . 丨B ]【解析】本文虽然以“美国经济正在迅速衰退”开篇，继而介绍了一部分专家对于美国经济是否衰退以及是
否X 要美联储干预的观点，但这只是一些表象，第 4 段提到，我们（美国）将要对世界经济形势做出的是反
应而不是领导的姿态；而 the Fed也只会对美国经济产生®大影响，那么美联储干预与否实质上也指出了
美国经济的具体走向故选B A 在文中未提及;C 具有较大迷惑性，虽然文章有涉及美国经济，不过文中主
体是专家的预测和评论，并不是叙述美国经济槪况：D 只是美国经济的一个表象，而非文章主旨。
4. To calm the market.
【解析】第2 段首句提到克林顿总统苋斯科之行旨在尽力让市场稳定下来，故答案为To calm the market。
Passage 2 8 ......................................................................................................................................
1 . 丨D丨【解析】第3 段第2 句提到，这种技术即使不是十分罕见，但对于大多数大公司来说也算是陌生的东西，故
选 D。
2. [C ]【解析】第 5段第2 句指出，群体软件……展现出自个人电脑发明之后对商业效率的巨大贡献。据此可以
判断群体软件是可以提高效率的技术，选C。
3 . 丨D1【解析】本文介绍了群体软件以其独特的优势受到通用汽车和联合利华等大公司的靑睐，并且极大地方便
了顾问与代理人之间的合作与交流。据此可以判断D“提供有用信息”是本文的主要目的。
4. Economic crisis.
【解析】首先可以确定recession影响了 practice,而后又有“增长率出现下降”的情况，因此即使不认识slump,也
可以推测它指的是“经济危机”，故答案为Economic crisis,
Passage 2 9 ...............................................................
1 . 【B ]【解析】第 ] 段第4 句提到，汉密尔顿认为Talents for low intrigue, and the little art of popularity只能在
—个州内风光，即B 并非最优秀的人的特征，故选。A 为该段第5 句中characters pre-eminent for ability
and virtue的近似表达，故排除A;该段第6 句提到“头七位总统的执政印证了汉密尔顿的预见”，排除C;亚
3 斯是头七位总统之一，他也厲于汉密尔顿提到的the best men之一，故排除Dc
2. |B 1【解析】B"他来A纽约州的偏远地K ,靠自己的奋斗成功”是关于范布伦从政前的介绍，并不是他籯得选举
的 原 丨 结 合 第 3 段第1、6 句可知，A、D 符合文意；C 具有较大的干扰性，不过经过分析可知C 其实是
intrigue and the art of popularity 的体现，故排除。
.113 ,_ 专八阅读T
3. [c ]【解析i 本文简述r 芙阒违国以来选举总统的两个主要标准及其在现实生活中不断发生的变化，其中引用
了希塑很大却在选举时落马的候选人和起先不被看好却政绩a 著的总统的事例，因此我们可以得出结论：
美闻总统选举结果迠个未知之数，故选c 。注意文章开头和结尾虽然都提到奥巴马，但因此就选A.W为文
中只足提出一个假设，但并未对可能性进行叙述。b 、d 是关于选举总统的两个标准，而且明©.与原文不符，
故排除。
4. Delicate and impressive skill.
【解析】本文谈论的是关•网历来选举总统的标准，文中讲的几乎都是竞选总统的人物，无论他们M终是否当上
总统,这邱人作政治权谋上忾定都不弱，Henry Clay就是其中之一，促成密苏里协议需要的不仅仅是方法，Ifif应
该是策略、技巧。由此推测finesse表示“手腕、策略、技巧(delicate and impressive skill)”一类的意思，故答案为
可表述为Delicate and impressive skill。当然，回答skill或者tact也是可以接受的。
Passage 30 .....................................................................................................................................
1.丨A ]【解析】第 〗〇段首句提出What’s my connection to my message?接符在这两段中用大M的例子来阐述，
第 11段倒数第2 句是主题句，说明在交流时一定要表现出对所传达信息的激情，这两段都是为了证明这
—观点，故选A。
2•丨B1【解析】本文主要谈论激情在商业交流中的® 要性，并通过大tt的例子来进行阐述，因此选B. A“违立个人
友谊”表述较肤浅且未提及；文中也未涉及交流技巧,C 也可排除。这里主要是讲在交流中要展示出对所谈
话题的热情，而不是为迎合对方的情感需要，因此D 也不选。
3•丨C】【解析】文章所举例子中的人物多为商业领袖，在假设读者身份时也都是与商业相关的，而 C不属于商业
领域.故为答案。第2段开始提到entrepreneurs和salespersons,即A 和B;D在末段也提到，故均不能选
4. A coffee shop or restaurant.
【解析丨最后一段首句提到，如果你要经营一家咖啡店或饭馆，你是否要极力为客户打造一个除家和办公室外
的“第三生活空间”。丨II此可知，这个“第三空间”就是指一家咖啡店或饭馆，故木题答案为A coffee shop or
restaurant 〇
Passage 3 1 .......................................................................................................................................
1. [D】【解析丨第1段提到现代社会的两大趋势：绿色科技的风靡和新兴经济体中跨闽公司的兴起，所以选D。
2. [C l【解析】第2 段没有明确提到Suzlon是世界上最强大的公司，且 the best的表述过于绝对，故很容易判断
答案是C „第2 段t 句提到，世界上有很多类似Suzlon的公司，即D;接T 来提到，来ft新兴经济体的跨闽
公司既收购发达国家的企业，也收购贫困地区的公司，即A、B
3 . 丨A ]【解析丨本文讲的是新兴经济体的发展，所以是篇社论，应选A。
4. Developing economies.
【解析】前三段反复出现emerging economies,即新兴经济体，综合这三段的内容及第3 段第3 句的as rich
countries... borrowed from China and other emerging economics...可知，与 rich countries 相对的是 developed
economics,丨ftl emerging economics对应的应该是正逐步发展起来的经济体和国家原文为了避免®复川同，运
用 f 不同的表达方式来持代 emerging economics, 如 developing economies wau»^
climate change, for instance, could create conditions for a spread of cholera. And a build-up of nitrogen from
fertilizers washed off farmland into seas could spur abrupt blooms of algae that choke fish or create oxygen-
depleted **dead zones** along coasts. It said deforestation often led to less rainfall. And at some point, lack of
rain could suddenly undermine growing conditions .for remaining forests in a region. The report said that in
1(H) years, global wanning widely blamed on burning of fossil fuels in cars, factories and power plants, might
take over as the main source of damage. The report mainly looks at olher, shorter-lerm risks.
(7) And it estimated that many ecosystems were worth more if used in a way that maintains them for
fulure generaiions. A wetland in Canada was worth $6、000 a hectare (2.47 acres), as a habitat for animals
and plants, a filter for pollution, a store for water and a site for human recreation, against $2t(HH) if
converted to farmland， it said. A Thai mangrove was worth $I,(HK) a hectare against $200 as a shrimp farm.
“Ecosystems and the services they provide are financially significant and... to degrade and damage them is
tantamount to economic suicide/' said Klaus Toepfcr, head of the U.N. Environment Program.
(8) The study urged changes in consumption, better education, new technology and higher prices for
exploiting ecosystems. "Governments should recognize that natural services have costs，” A H. Zakri of the UN
University and a co-chair of the repc^rt told Reuters. ^Protection of natural services is unlikely to he a priority
for those who see them as free and limitless.M
1. The part of sentence "irreversible loss in the diversity of life" in Paragraph 3 refers to .
A. extinction of some species B. variety of living things
C. damage of ecosystem D. shortage of natural resources
2. In the last but one paragraph, two examples are cited to prove .
A. the limitation of natural services B. the worth of ecosystem for future generations
C. the economical loss of exploiting ecosystems D. the financial value of protecting ecosystems
3. The international report is mainly put forward to .
A. show the environmental damage of human activities
B. indicate the urgency of environmental protection
C. show the significance of ecosystem on the earth
D. blame the negative effects of technology on environment
4. What made rainfall become less according to the passage?
(答案解析见P129)
令
Passage
(l)Peanuts, a dietary outcast during the fat-phobic 1990s， have made a comeback,
with consumption soaring to its highest level in nearly two decades and more doctors
recommending nuts as part of a heart-healthy diet. When peanut butter and snack
peanuts plummeted as Americans switched to lowfat diets, the peanut industry
responded with studies showing the health benefits of peanuts. Total consumption of
peanuts jumped last year to nearly 1.7 billion pounds, compared to 1.5 billion pounds the year before. The
amount of snack peanuts eaten climbed to 415 million pounds in the 2003-2004 crop year, the highest since
the mid-1990s. And peanut butter consumption soared to 90() million pounds, from a low of about 70() million
in the 90s*.
(2)“Mothers gave us peanuts and peanut butter. Now, we’ve figured out that Mom was right. But it took
a lot of researchers and universities to figure that out,” said Don Koehler, executive director of Georgia’s
Peanut Commission. The federal government's latest dietary guidelines say peanuts, which contain unsaturated
fats， can be eaten in moderation. “Now we know that the type of fat found in peanuts is actually good for us，’’
said Lona Sandon with the American Dietetic Association. “It doesn’t clog our arteries like saturated fat. It
helps keep the arteries clean.”
• 120 •Part❿ 62篇阅读分类特训
(3) But that’s only if you don’t overdo it， and that’s the part that often trips up peanut lovers. There are
14 grams of fat in one serving of peanuts, which is only one ounce. A handful can have up to 200 calories.
“The problem is that the portions need to be low so you don’t overconsume the calories—that’s where the
public has a disconnect，" said Madelyn Femstrom, director of the Weight Management Center at the University
of Pittsburgh Medical Center. *it's a well-spent 2()0 calories if you can limit it to that. The problem is
volume. It’s very hard to have a small serving of peanuts, meaning a small handful.”
(4) When peanuts were out of favor in the last decade， American consumers seemed to overlook the
respectable list of nutrients_ vitamin E, niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, and minerals such as copper,
phosphorous, potassium, zinc and magnesium. They also are a good source of fiber and protein. Peanuts also
have a small amount of resveratrol, the antioxidant in red wine that has been linked to the “French Paradox”
—a low incidence of heart disease among the French, despite their love of cheese and other high-fat foods.
Research at several universities suggests peanuts may help prevent heart disease, that they can lower bad
cholesterol and that they can help with weight loss, possibly by making people feel satisfied so they eat less
overall. One Harvard study showed an association between peanut butter consumption and a reduced risk of
diabetes. Even the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has authorized a qualified health claim for peanuts and
some tree nuts. Producers can say they may reduce their risk of heart disease by eating 1.5 ounces daily.
(5) Anna Resurreccion, a University of Georgia food scientist, has focused her research on the resveratrol
found in peanuts. By subjecting the nuts to stress—slicing the kernels, or subjecting them to ultrasound—the
resveratrol level greatly surpassed that found in red wine, she said. This development opens the door for new
products, such as enhanced peanut butter that could offer even more health benefits and serve as a way to get
resveratrol into children's diets, she said. “Young children can’t very well drink wine，” Resurrecction said. “But
most of them love peanut butter and peanut snack foods.”
1. The rhetorical device in the sentence of the first paragraph 11 Peanuts, a dietary outcast during the
fat-phobic 1990s, have made a comeback...** is .
A. personification B. simile C. metaphor D. contrast
2. The relationship between the second and third paragraphs is that .
A. they both describe the health benefits of peanuts
B. the latter presents a striking contrast to the former
C. the latter provides conclusive statement to the former
D. the latter offers further supplementation to the former
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as health benefits of peanuts?
A. To help with weight loss. B. To decrease harm of wine.
C. To reduce risk of diabetes. D. To lower bad cholesterol.
4. What has Anna Resurreccion studied in her research?
(答案解析见P130)
Passage
(l)Yu Zhuoping hasn't taken a vacation in two years, nor does the 44-year-old
take many weekends off. Instead he logs 12-hour days in a soccer-pitch-size
字 数：728
laboratory filled with flashing computer screens and disemboweled electric motors.
建议用时：7 分钟
He’s trying to build the future—in the form of hydrogen-powered cars that can not
only work, but can sell. Since Yu's team of 28 Ph.D.-level scientists and 200
students at Shanghai's Tongji University began the work in 2002, they've come out with two generations of
cars_ built with Chinese technology. “That’s something that nobody thought we could do，” he says， glancing
out from under the silver hood of Start II， the project’s newest prototype. “Now people say we won’t be able
to make them marketable. So we’ll just keep working.”
. 121
•专八阅读
(2) ln China such optimism is par for the course. Beijing is undaunted in its ambitions to become a world
leader in hydrogen-fuel-cell-powered cars. The dream is not far-fetched. Making hydrogen cars a reality is only
partly a matter of coming up with technological breakthroughs. It also involves replacing gasoline filling
stations, refineries and internal -combustion engines with hydrogen equivalents. China's relative lack of
development may thus be a virtue; the country's leadership has a relatively clean slate upon which to build a
hydrogen-car industry, should it choose to do so.
(3) If the technology could be made cost-competitive with fossil fuels一which many analysts predict will
happen in the next two decades—hydrogen cars would make sense as a national strategy. By marketing China
the world's biggest market for hydrogen cars, Beijing could attract investment in the latest technology and
bootstrap a world-class Chinese auto industry, reducing China’s demand for imported oil in the bargain. Of
course，there's a sizable industry that is pushing the country in the opposite direction, toward fast growth
using quick and dirty conventional technology and fuels一and even fighting against tighter emissions controls
than in the West.
(4) Which strategy China chooses stands to have a huge impact on the country—and on the rest of the
world. At present, the Middle Kingdom is traversed by relatively few cars—only about 20 million. That
amounts to barely eight cars per l,(KK) people, which is a far cry from the 10() in Brazil or the 940 in the
United States. China is catching up quickly, however. At its current rate of growth, the country will surpass
Japan and become the world's second largest auto market by 2011, with annual sales of 5 million cars, says
Yale Zhang， a research director for the consulting firm GSM worldwide. China, already the world's second
largest importer of oil, would have to double import every 7 or 8 years to keep all these wheels spinning,
says James Brock, an energy consultant in Beijing. By steering China toward more fuel-efficient hybrid cars as
a precursor to a hydrogen-based auto industry, Beijing would take a giant step toward curbing green-house-gas
emissions and reducing the worldwide demand of oil. It would also give the big carmakers an incentive to
develop similar vehicles for the China market.
(5) Beijing has already begun to create an altemative-energy-vehicle fleet of buses. The central Yangtze port
city of Wuhan runs several hybrid buses and, Wang Gang, the chief scientist in charge of China's electric-
vehicles project, says, city officials are planning to buy more. Beijing's public transportation armada includes
120 pure-battery buses. Beijing and Shanghai plan to build hydrogen-fueling stations. That will help them when
it comes time to convert the country’s 190,000 natural-gas taxis and buses, one of the world’s biggest natural-
gas fleets, to hydrogen.
(6) State-funded R&D centers are also spinning off for-profit companies that would export hydrogen-
technology-based products. Ouyang Minggao, director of China's National Laboratory of Automotive Safety and
Energy， also heads the start-up company SinoHytec， launched by Tsinghua University, China’s MIT. SinoHytec
plans to start building fuel-cell buses, with a plan to sell them by 2010.
(7) If companies like SinoHytec are profitable, they could create a big enough market to drop the price of
fuel cells and to finance an infrastructure of hydrogen fueling stations. That，Tongji’s Yu says, would make a
fuel-cell-vehicle market possible by pushing the price of domestically produced fuel-cell cars down to about
$42,000 per automobile. The government， he says, would help out by creating a “favorable marketplace” with
incentives for fuel-cell-car buyers. Tongji’s for-profit start-up， Shanghai FCV Powertrain, expects to sell 250,000
fuel-cell cars by 2020. •
1. Which of the following statements implies a synecdoche?
A. Beijing is undaunted in its ambitions to become a world leader in... cars.
B. Which strategy China chooses stands to have a huge impact on the country...
C. China... would have to double import every 7 or 8 years to keep all these wheels spinning.
D. Beijing's public transportation armada includes 120 pure-battery buses.
2. A hydrogen-based auto industry can NOT benefit China in •
A. establishing hydrogen-fueling stations B. promoting tighter emissions controls
• 122 •Part❿ 62篇阅读分类特训
C. dropping conventional technology and fuels D. attracting more foreign investment
3. The point of the fourth paragraph is that _____ .
A. China is catching up quickly in the amount of cars
B. China’s car market has enormous potential
C. China’s oil consumption will still increase in the future
D. China would take measures to protect the environment
4. How does the auto industry push the country toward fast growth?
(答案解析见P130)
Passage
(1) The U.N. General Assembly on Tuesday urged governments to ban all hu
man cloning, including the cloning of human embryos for stem-cell research, in a di
字 数：565 vided vote that handed a symbolic victory to the administration of U.S. President
建议用时:6分钟 George W. Bush.
L
(2) Capping four years of contentious debate, the 191-nation assembly voted 84
to 34, with 37 abstentions， to approve a nonbinding statement on cloning. The United States did not play a
public role in promoting the statement. But it had worked behind the scenes, hand-in-hand with U.S. anti-abortion
groups， to obtain a call for a blanket ban on all cloning. 2 3 4 5 6 7The United States and the international community have
now spoken clearly that human cloning is an affront to human dignity,” Bush said in a statement welcoming
the “strong vote”.
(3) The measure was proposed by Honduras and generally supported by predominantly Roman Catholic
countries, in line with Pope John Paul’s condemnation of human cloning. It was generally opposed by nations
where stem-cell research is being pursued. Many Islamic nations were among those abstaining; on grounds there
was no U.N. consensus on the hot-button issue of whether stem-cell research was a valid medical pursuit or
the destruction of human life. Opponents said the text was not legally binding and would have no impact on
their scientists’ pursuit of stem cell research.
(4) At the heart of the debate was so-called therapeutic cloning, in which human embryos are cloned to
obtain stem cells used in medical studies and later discarded.
(5) Many scientists， backed by governments including Belgium, Britain, Singapore and China, say the
technique offers hope for a cure to some 100 million people with such conditions as Alzheimer’s，cancer,
diabetes and spinal cord injuries. But the United States， Costa Rica， Italy and anti-abortion groups argued that
this type of research, for whatever purpose, constitutes the taking of human lives.
(6) The UX debate began with a 2001 proposal by France and Germany for a binding global treaty banning the
cloning of human beings, a plan that had broad international backing. But that effort failed last year after the
Bush administration fought to broaden the ban to all cloning of human embryos, including therapeutic cloning.
The assembly’s treaty-writing legal committee, deeply divided, abandoned the idea of a treaty and decided
instead to pursue a nonbinding declaration. Costa Rican Ambassador Bruno Stagno Ugarte praised the assembly
vote as “a historic step” that recognized “that therapeutic cloning involves the creation of human life for the
purpose of destroying it.” U.S. envoy Sichan Siv made only a brief comment welcoming the statement.
(7) But British Ambassador Emyr Jones Parry, who voted “no”， lamented “the intransigence of those who
were not prepared to recognize that other sovereign states—after extensive dialogue and due democratic
process—may decide to permit strictly controlled applications of therapeutic cloning.” “Therapeutic cloning
research conducted under strict regulations will contribute to the enhancement of human dignity by relieving
millions of people from pain, suffering and misery，” said South Korean envoy Ha Chan-ho, explaining his
“no” vote. *The foes of therapeutic cloning are trying to portray this as a victory for their ideology. But this
confusing declaration is an effort to mask their failure last November to impose a treaty on the world banning
• 123 •阅 读 •
therapeutic cloning，” said Bernard Siegel, a Florida attorney who led a lobbying drive by scientists and patient
advocacy groups to defend cloning for therapeutic ends.
1. The phrase ^behind the scenes** in the second paragraph can be best replaced by .
A. behind the front B. behind the curtain C. behind the door D. behind the stage
2. From the description in the passage, we learn that .
A. U.S.A. played a crucial role by proposing the measure of banning human cloning
B. more than half of the nations of U.N. General Assembly approved banning human cloning
C. the vote is a victory for U.S.A. and many predominantly Catholic countries
D. the U.N. member states have the obligation to adopt laws banning all human cloning
3. What can we infer from the 里ast two paragraphs?
A. The UN has introduced a worldwide legal ban on all human cloning.
B. The banning of productive cloning has obtained broad international support.
C. The therapeutic cloning only involves the destruction of human life.
D. The therapeutic cloning is not strictly controlled for scientific end in many nations.
4. What did the debate focus on as to the issue of human cloning?
(答案解析见P130)
| Passage
(1) With the toll from anthrax mounting, the antibiotic most commonly used to
tackle the deadly bug is now a celebrity. News anchor Tom Brokaw recently held a
字 数：524 bottle up to the camera, saying: MIn Cipro we trust.M
建议用时:6分钟 (2) Sadly, that trust could be short-lived. Cipro “may have the dubious distinction * 3 4 5 6 7
.. . of being the antibiotic we destroy faster than any otherM, warns microbiologist Abigail
A. Salyers at the University of Illinois. The problem is that bacteria are immensely adaptable critters. Expose
them to antibiotics long enough， and they'll evolve ways to survive the drugs.
(3) Infectious-disease experts stress that people exposed to anthrax, such as postal workers in affected mail
centers， should take Cipro， at least until tests show either that they don’t have the bug or that their bacterial
strain is susceptible to other drugs. But those who gulp down Cipro merely out of fear are being dangerously
irresponsible, putting both themselves and others at risk.
(4) Why? The human body teems with bacteria. A broad-based antibiotic such as Cipro acts like a neutron
bomb on this ecosystem, wiping out billions of microbes. Not only can that impair normal body functions in
which bacteria play a role, such as digestion, but harmful germs can move in， like squatters taking over
suddenly vacant houses.
(5) CRYING WOLF. Worse, antibiotics breed resistance. When you take a drug, the hardest bacteria among
constantly mutating strains survive，reproduce， and pass along defense mechanisms against drugs. Taking Cipro
for weeks “is the perfect situation for the regular bacteria in the body to become resistant”， says Dr. Carol J.
Baker, a pediatrician at Baylor College of Medicine and president of the Infectious Disease Society of America.
Except in the case of an actual anthrax infection—rather than more exposure—it* s best to take the antibiotic
for a few days only, to limit the development of resistance in the body's bacteria.
(6) Even without resistance, these normally harmless bugs can turn nasty. Painful infections result when
benign gut flora, such as E. coli, find their way to the urinary tract. Streptococcus bugs that live harmlessly in
the throat cause pneumonia if they get into the lungs. Contract one of these diseases, and your doctor may
prescribe Cipro. But if you've previously taken weeks of the antibiotic, your particular bug may already be
primed to resist it. Not until you have to rush to the hospital will anyone know that something has gone
horribly wrong. And the resistant microbes can spread to others.
(7) Indeed, antibiotic resistance is one of the world's most pressing public-health problems. A single case of
• 124 •Part © 62篇阅读分类特训
so-called multidrug-resistant tuberculosis costs more than $250,0(K) to cure—and the deadly germs are on the
rise in many countries. Up to 30% of bacteria that cause ear infections and pneumonia in the U.S. can fight
off standard antibiotics. The toll: thousands of hospitalizations and billions of dollars a year.
(8)The quinolone drugs—of which Cipro is one example—were once part of the solution. They kill a wide
spectrum of bugs， including strains resistant to other drugs. But resistance to quinolones has appeared in
everything from meningitis-causing pneumococcus bugs to the E. coli in bladder infections.
1. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?
A. Take Cipro often and get better soon. B. People don’t trust in Cipro.
C. The advantage of antibiotic. D. Cipro: now for the downside.
2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. Regular bacteria in the body can become resistant to antibiotics.
B. One can take antibiotics for a long time so as to cure the disease.
C. Antibiotic may destroy the functions of normal body.
D. People need to pay more attention to the antibiotic resistance.
3. The author^ attitude towards the overuse of antibiotics is _____ .
A. Positive B. negative C. neutral D. indifference
4. What does the word “Cipro” in the first paragraph refer to?
(答案解析见P131)
Passage
(l)The winner takes all, as is widely supposed in computing circles. Indeed， geeks
have coined a word, “Googlearchy”， for the way in which search engines encourage
字 数:498 web traffic towards the most popular sites. The belief that search engines make
建议用时:6分钟 popular websites even more fashionable, at the expense of other pages, is now being
challenged by research.
(2) The apparently magical ability of search engines such as Google to return relevant websites even when
given the sketchiest of clues by the person entering a question relies on the use of mathematical recipes or
algorithms. Google works by analyzing the structure of the web itself. Each of its billions of pages can link to
other pages and can also, in turn, be linked to by others. If a page is linked to many other pages, it is
flagged up as being important. Furthermore, if the pages that link to this page are also important, then that
page is even more likely to be important. The algorithm has been made increasingly complex over the years，
to deter those who would manipulate their pages to appear higher in their rankings* but it remains at the heart
of Google’s success. *
(3) Google is not alone in this. Many search engines take account of the number of links to a website
when they return the results of a search. Because of this, there is a widespread belief among computer, social,
and political scientists that search engines create a vicious circle that amplifies the dominance of established
and already popular websites. Page returned by research engines are more likely to be discovered and
consequently linked to by others.
(4) Not so, according to a controversial new paper that has recently appeared on ArViv, an online
collection of physics and related papers. In it, Santo Fortunato and his colleagues at Indiana University in
America and Bielefeld University in Germany claim that search engines actually have an egalitarian effect that
increases traffic to less popular sites.
(5) The researchers developed a model that described two extreme cases. In the first, people browsed the
web only by surfing random links. In the second, people only visited pages that were returned by search
engines. The researchers then turned to the real world. To their amazement, they found that the relationship
between the two did not lie between the extremes suggested by their model but somewhere completely
• 125 •专八阅读
different. It appears to show that the supposed bias in favor of popular pages is actually alleviated by the
combination of search engines and people following random links.
(6) The paper, which was posted on ArViv for comment, has now come under attack. Matthew Hindman, a
political scientist at Arizona Stake University, says that the data used in the research are pretty shoddy.
Moreover， he says, the discrepancy between the model and the real world does not necessarily come from the
role of the search engine.
(7) Whether Dr. Fortunato's thesis stands the test of time remains to be seen. That it is tested must be a
good thing.
1. What’s the meaning of “deter” in the second paragraph?
A. Encourage. B. Dissuade. C. Delay. D. Support.
2. The foremost reason why Google is successful is no other than .
A. its magical ability of searching information B. its higher page rankings and complex websites
C. complexity of its algorithms over the years D. its heavy web traffic and difficult structure
3. Santo Fortunato and his colleagues seem to suggest that .
A. fair effect is created by increasing traffic to less well known sites
B. popular websites are made more fashionable by search engines
C. the situation in favor of popular pages has become more serious
D. popular pages are more likely to be discovered by random links
4. What determines the importance of a page?
(答案解析见P131)
(l)Three decades after the first Apollo landing on the moon, the debate between
proponents of manned and unmanned space missions has not changed a great deal.
字 数:756 But many space scientists, who work with robotic satellites including me, have
建议用时:9分钟 gradually moved from opposing human spaceflight to a more moderate position. In
special situations, we now realized, sending people into space is not just an expensive
stunt but can be more cost-effective than sending robots. Mars exploration is one of those cases.
(2) The basic advantage of astronauts is that they can explore Mars in real time， free of communications
delays and capable of following up interesting results with new experiments. But the question arises: Where
should the astronauts be? The obvious answer—on the surface of Mars—is not necessarily the most efficient At
the first “Case for Mars” conference in 1981， one of the more provocative conclusions was that the
Martian moons, Phobos and Deimos, could serve as comparatively inexpensive beachheads.
(3) Most current mission scenarios involve a pair of spacecraft. The first positions propellants and other
heavy components, such as spare modules and re-entry vehicle， on or near Mars. Because the journey time is
not crucial, it can use electric propulsion and gravity-assist procedures to reduce the cost. The story is rather
different for the second spacecraft, which transports the astronauts. It must traverse Earth's radiation belts
rapidly, and to save on supplies, the transit time to Mars should be as short as possible.
(4) The carious mission plans pari ways when it comes to deciding what should happen once the crew ship
and the freight ship link up at the Red Planet. In order of increasing difficulty and expense, six possible
scenarios are: a Mars flyby analogous to the early Apollo missions, with immediate return to Earth; a Mars
orbiter, permitting a longer stay near the planet; a Phobos-Deimos (Ph-D) mission, involving a transfer to a
circular, equatorial orbit, with a landing and base on a Martian moon, preferably Deimos; a hybrid mission
(Ph-D-plus) that adds a brief sortie to the Martian surface; a full-scale Martian landing, with a longer stay on
the surface and a complete program of research; and finally, an extended stay on Mars, during which
astronauts erect permanent structures and commence continuous habitations of the planet.
• 126 •Part 〇 62篇阅读分类特训
(5) The trick will be to make sure the first manned mission is ambitious —the adventure is, after all, part of
the attraction一but not too ambitious, lest it not win funding. The Ph-D and Ph-D-plus missions offer a
compelling balance of cost and benefit and would provide the greatest return for science.
(6) Deimos would offer an excellent base for the study of Mars. From there the astronauts could deploy
and control atmospheric probes， subsurface penelrators and rover vehicles all over the Martian surface. The
moon’s near-synchronous orbit permits direct contact with a rover for about 40 hours at a time. Phobos， being
closer to the planet, orbits faster and therefore lacks this particular advantage. But astronauts on either moon
could analyze returned samples without fear of containing Earth with any Martian life-forms.
(7) The ready availability of a vacuum would make it easier to operate laboratory instruments such as mass
spectrometers and electron microscopes. By relocating the spacecraft to different locations on Deimos—an easy
task in the minuscule gravity—astronauts could protect themselves from solar storms and meteor streams. Besides,
the moons are fascinating bodies in their own right; direct sampling would investigate their mysterious origins.
(8) In comparison, an operating base on the surface of Mars would suffer many handicaps. Rovers deployed
elsewhere on the planet would still have to be operated by remote control, which would require a satellite
communications system to relay the commands. Returning samples from distant locations to the base would be
more difficult. Heavy backup batteries or nuclear generators would be needed to power the base at night or
during dust storms.
⑼ In the more distant future， the moons could serve as way stations for descent to or ascent from the
surface via tethers. Scientists on Deimos could safely direct large-scale climatological experiments, such as
altering weather patterns or melting the polar caps—thereby testing techniques for terraforming Mars or
mitigating climate change on Earth.
(lO)Although the costs and benefits of various mission scenarios are difficult to analyze at this early stage,
I conducted a poll of Mars mission experts during a conference several years ago. It offers the full spectrum of
science more cheaply and quickly, and it would set the stage for an eventual base and colony on the surface.
1. Which of the following is NOT the characteristic of manned mission?
A. A proper landing site has already been chosen.
B. Astronauts have the ability of exploring Mars in real time.
C. There is no communications delays on the road.
D. Astronauts design new experiments with interesting results.
2. Which of the following is INCORRECT as for the advantage of Ph-D and Ph-D-plus mission?
A. Astronauts can analyze samples safely on Deimos and Phobos.
B. Vacuum can protect astronauts from solar and meteor storms.
C. Astronauts have no difficulties when landing on Mars surface.
D. Astronauts may suffer many handicaps on the surface of Mars.
3. What is the most appropriate title of this article?
A. Mars and its Moons B. To Mars by way of its Moons
C. Ambitious adventure: worth D. What it’s like on Mars
4. What allows a longer stay near the planet?
(答案解析见P131)
Passage
(l)As humankind moves into the third millennium, it can rightfully claim to have
broken new ground in its age-old quest to master the environment. The fantastic
字 数：714
achievements of modem technology and the speed at which scientific discoveries are
建议用时：7分钟
translated into technological applications attest to the triumph of human endeavour.
(2)At the same time, however, some of these applications threaten to unleash
• 127 •专八阅读
forces over which we have no control. In other words, the new technology Man now believes allows him to
dominate this wider cosmos could well be a Frankenstein monster waiting to turn on its master.
(3) This is an entirely new situation that promises to change many of the perceptions governing life on the
planet. The most acute challenges facing the future are likely to be not only those pitting man against his
fellow man, but those involving humankind's struggle to preserve the environment and ensure the sustainability
of life on earth.
(4) A conflict waged to ensure the survival of the human species is bound to bring humans closer together.
Technological progress has thus proved to be a double-edged sword, giving rise to a new form of conflict: a
clash between Man and Nature.
(5) The new conflict is more dangerous than the traditional one between man and his fellow man, where
the protagonists at least shared a common language. But when it comes to the reactions of the ecosystems to
the onslaught of modem technology, there is no common language.
(6) Nature reacts with weather disturbances, with storms and earthquakes, with mutant viruses and bacteria一
that is， with phenomena having no apparent cause and effect relationship with the mcxlem technology that
supposedly triggers them.
(7) As technology becomes ever more potent and Nature reacts ever more violently， there is an urgent need
to rethink how best to deal with the growing contradictions between Man and Nature.
(8) For a start, the planet, and hence all its inhabitants, must be perceived as an integral whole, not as a
dichotomous mass divided geographically into the rich and developed and the poor and underdeveloped.
(9) Today, globalization encompasses the whole world and deals with it as an integral unit. It is no longer
possible to say that conflict has shifted from its traditional east-west axis to a north-south axis. The real divide
today is between summit and base, between the higher echelons of the international political structure and its
grassroots level， between governments and NGOs， between state and civil society, between public and private
enterprise.
(10) The mesh slructure is particularly obvious on Ihe Internet. While it is true that to date the Internet
seems to be favouring the most developed sectors of the international community over the less developed, this
need not always be the case. Indeed， it could eventually overcome the disparities between the privileged and
the underdeveloped.
(11) On the other hand， the macro-world in which we live is exposed to distortions because of the
unpredictable side-effects of a micro-world we do not and cannot totally control.
(12) This raises the need for a global system of checks and balances, for mandatory rules and constraints in
our dealings with Nature, in short, for a new type of veto designed to manage what is increasingly becoming
a main contradiction of our time: the one between technology and ecology.
(13) A new type of international machinery must be set in place to cope with the new challenges. We need
a new look at the harnessing of scientific discoveries, to maximize their positive effects for the promotion of
humanity as a whole and to minimize their negative effects. We need an authority with veto powers to forbid
practices conducive to increasing the ozone hole, the propagation of AIDS, global warming, desertification—an
authority that will tackle such global problems.
(14) There should be no discontinuity in the global machinery responsible for world order. The UN in its
present form may fall far short of what is required of it, and it may be undemocratic and detrimental to most
citizens in the world， but its absence would be worse. And so we have to hold on to the international
organization even as we push forward for its complete restructuring.
(15) Our best hope would be that the functions of the present United Nations are gradually taken over by
the new machinery of veto power representing genuine democratic globalization.
1. Which of the following divisions is NOT considered a dichotomous mass?
A. The east and the west.
B. The developed and the undeveloped.
• 128 •Part❿ 62篇阅读分类特训
C. The north and the south.
D. The governments and the non-govemmental organizations (NGOs).
2. According to the passage， which is NOT a responsibility of the proposed international authority?
A. Monitoring effects of scientific discoveries. B. Dealing with worldwide environmental issues.
C. Vetoing human attempts to conquer Nature. D. Authorizing efforts to improve human health.
3. When commenting on the present role of the UN, the author expresses his .
A. dissatisfaction B. disillusionment C. objection D. doubt
4. What has technological progress led to?
(答案解析见P131)
答案0 解析
Passage 39
1. [A ]【解析】第 3 段第3 句提到，这位杏仁核受损的女士，如果有人指导，将注意力集中在他人的眼睛上，她还
是能识别他人脸上的恐惧，故选A。
2. [D j【解析】D•‘他们都有与人交流的渴望”在文中未提及，故为答案。从第9 段最后三句，可以概括得出他们脑
部都受到损害、认知能力都朽缺陷，即A、C 第 10段指出要“改善自闭症患者受损的社交功能”，这暗示他
们社交有障碍.故 B 也符合文意。
3. [C】【解析】最后两段主要阐述了未来杏广核研究的两个焦点，即大脑结构的认知功能和研究的治疗性价值.
故选C。
4. A physical damage of the brain.
【解析】第 3、4 段都是说一名研究对象的情况，由于说的是同一个人，所以根据第3 段首句... that is damaged
from a rare genetic disease可以推断出第4■段的lesion意为“杏仁核的生理性损坏”，答案为A physical damage
of the brain。
Passage 4 0 -----
1 . 丨C ]【解析】文章全篇讨论关于新发现的问题，没有关于自闭症生物疗法的描述；而且第1段也指出揭示自闭
症生物学内涵才刚刚起步，因此，选C。第 2段第2 句提到，患自闭症刚学走路的小孩的头大得与其年龄不
相称，故排除A;第2段第4 句提到，儿童过去的K学记录可能包含道要线索，故排除B;第4段第3 句鲍曼
博士指出，异常生长模式提示我们某个东西出了错，但只是猜测内在变化过程，故排除D。
2 . 丨A】【解析丨第4 段第6 句指出，婴儿降生第一年是“经验制导生长”的文键期，所以就能理解为什么生长突然
换挡提速可能导致脑发育出轨所以，当细胞生长快于经验积累，大脑冋路就会……扩张，根据前文出现的
sudden f1了推知haphazardly的意思与它相近，A 符合推测，故选A。
3. [D ]【解析】圾后一段指出，莱恩哈特博士认为此发现对神经病理学圾有用，而且很可能会造成误诊。这说明她
对这项发现的态度是否定的，故选D 末段第3 句中的skeptical表明Lainhart对新发现表示怀疑，据此也可
排除A、B、C。
4. Abnormally rapid brain growth during infancy.
【解析】第 1段末句指出，新研究把m闭症与婴儿期大脑异常快速发育联系起来。该句中的the condition指的实际
就是autism这种疾病，而题目中的connect... with...又是对原文links... to...的同义改写，故答案为to后的内容，即
Abnormally rapid brain growth during infancy 〇
Passage 41
1. IA1【解析】第3 段t 句指出10%~30%的野生动物濒临灭绝，接着论述由于增长的资源需求给生命多样性带来
不可逆转的损失。因此，选 A。
2. [D1【解析】该段首句提到，很多生态系统如果以一种可持续方式发展会更有价值，紧接着举了两个例子，最后
总结出，生态系统及其服务是有经济价值的，破坏它等于经济自杀，故这两个例子是证明保护生态系统的
经济价值，选 D。
. 129 .专八阅读
3 . 丨B |【解析】根据全文内容可知该项报告简述了人类活动给生态环境造成的破坏。第2 段第2 句指出该评估报
告的核心M•繁告，iti后一段呼吁人类认识到可持续发展的®要性，因此选B。A、C 有迷惑性，该报告确实是
关于人类对生态系统的破坏，但提出报告的目的是要呼吁保护环境，因而此类主旨题不能局限在表层论
述，而要挖掘深M含义。
4. Deforestation.
【解析】根据题口中的rainfall定位到倒数第3 段第4 句。该句提到，森林砍伐会导致降雨减少，本题i£接用原文原
间Deforestation作答即丨可。
1 . [C l【解析】该句总为“在人们对脂肪满怀恐惧的上世纪90年代，花生成了食品中的弃儿。现在，它又盛行起
来...” 可见这里将花生比喻成弃儿，且未出现比喻词like, as,因此是暗喻（metaphor),故选C
2. [D |【解析】第2 段主要说花生含有不饱和脂肪，适当食用对身体有益。第3 段接着进一步用数字阐述适当食
用且耍拧制花生食用数M,可见这是对前一段的补充说明，故选Du
3. |B) I解析1 第4 段第3 句提到，花生含有一种抗氧化剂白藜芦醇,红酒中也含这种物质，法国人喜欢喝红酒，所
以心脏病发病率很低，屮此吋见白藜芦醉对心脏起保护作用，而不是降低喝酒的危害，B符合题意
4. The rcsveratrol found in peanuts.
【解析】根据题H中的Anna Resurreccion定位到最后一段首句。该句明确指出，Anna ResurreccionLi集中研究花
生中所含的铤芦醉，町见答案为The resveratrol found in peanuts。
Passage 4 3 .........
1. [A】【解析】A 怠为“中W并不畏惧自己拥有领头氢动力汽车工业的雄心”，其中以表示局部的Beijing指代表示
全体概念的“中国”，是提喻或举隅修辞法。C 的干扰性较强，唭实上，wheels在这里就是"汽车”的意思，而不
是“轮子”指代“汽车”,故不是提喻:
2 . 丨A丨【解析】本题关键在于抓往题眼NOT和benefit。根据第2 段第5 句可知，A 是伴随新汽车工业违立而产生
的，不是新丨:业带来的益处.故为答案。B、C、D 在第3 段均有体现，其中B、C 是现行汽车丁业宵理经背体
系的反例，也能作为新汽车工业给中N带来的益处，故排除。
3. [B |【解析】第 4 段提到，中闽汽车的数！it不断增长，汽车耗油M也随之上升，发展新塑汽车工业不仅能控制温
室气体排放，还能减少对汽油的：求，进而促使汽车制造商制造出类似的新型汽车。据此可知，中国汽车市
场具有极大潜力，因此选B A、C 是该段中的细节，是中国汽车拥有巨大市场潜力的两个方面;D 无原文依
据，故不选。
4. By using quick and dirty conventional technology and fuels.
【解析】根裾题H中的toward fast growth定位到第3 段末句。该句指出，现今存在一个相当大的工业正把我国朝
符相反方向推进，使川见效快、冇污染的传统技术和燃料来促进快速发展，该句中的a sizable industry指的是the
auto industry,可见它促进发展的方式是使用见效快、有污染的传统技术和燃料，答案可采用原文原词By using
quick and dirty conventional technology and fuels „
Passage 44 '
1 . 丨B1【解析】根据第2段第2、3 句语气上形成的转折，可以推断behind the scenes与前文的public意义相反.意
为“秘密的，在幕后"，与B 同义，因此可替换。
2. [C】【解析】第 1段未句指出这项声明是布什政府象征性的胜利，接着第3 段首句提到罗马天主教国家普遍支
持这项宣言，结合这两点可知，应选C。议案由洪都拉斯提交,A错误；由第2 段首句可知B 错误；第3 段末
句提到，这项决议没有法律效力，因此各国没有义务执行,D不选。
3 . 丨B |【解析】第6 段符句提到，法、德两闰曾提议联合国通过具有法律效力的反对克隆人的全球条约，并获得广
泛的支持，此处克降人指生殖性克降，故选Bt A 中的丨ega丨与第6 段第3 句中的nonbinding矛盾，A 不能
选;C 只是Costa Rican Ambassador所说的话，不能作为文章本身所暗示的观点，故错；D 与第7段首句中
的 permit strictly controlled applications 不符，故也排除。
• 130 •Part 〇 62篇阅读分类特训
4. Therapeutic cloning.
【解析】根据题目中的the debate focus on定位到第4 段.■题目中的focus on即是文中heart的同义表达，该段明
确指出争论的核心是therapeutic cloning“治疗性克降”，故答案为Therapeutic cloning
Passage 4 5 .......................................................................................................................................
1. [D ]【解析】通过阅读全文可知，文章主要谈论Cipro的弊端，因此应选D 第丨段说明人们很信赖Cipro;从第
2 段首句的转折开始，下文主要描写过分依赖抗生家的弊端，W此吋排除A、B两项;C"抗生素的优势”表述
片而.故错误。
2. [B j【解析】文章主要汫述长期服用Cipro会产生抗药性，使得该种药物失去疗效.从而揭示了过分依赖抗生索
的弊端B“人们可以长期服用抗生素来治愈疾病”正好与文章主旨相反，故为正确选项A在第;S段第4 句
有表述;C、D分别在第4.7段有体现，均符合文意，应排除
3. [B】【解析】第 3 段末句指出，大M服用Cipro的人是不负责任的，其行为害人害己，rfl此推断出作者持否定的
态度，所以应该选B
4. An antibiotic. .
【解析】第丨段首句说最常用的对付炭疽病致命病# 的抗生素现在乂备受追捧接禮第2 句说新闻主播汤姆•布罗
考举着一个瓶子到摄像机前说：“Cipro,我们信任它”，可见Cipro是一种抗生索，答案为An antibiotic
Passage 4 6 .....................................................................................................................................
1. [B ]【解析】根据第2 段末句中的… but it remains at the heart of Google’s success所表达的转折意义来右，
推测该句前半部分的意思应为“如今计箅程序越来越复杂，旨在阻止某些网贞网站通过牺牲其他网页而使
自己更流行”，据此deter应表示“防止、阻止”，选 B
2. [C丨【解析】第 2 段首句即提到 The apparently magical ability of... Google... relies on… algorithms,该段末句
再次ffi复 The algorithm... remains at the heart of Google’s success,即得到 C 为正确答案。 A 没有进一步
指出magical ability从何而来，不能选；B、D在原文中没冇对应的陈述作为根据，也小'能选
3. [A ]【解析】在第4段末句中，A 中的fair effect是文中egalitarian effect的同义替换，W此 A 正确全文通过
Google的例子来说明M前流行的认为搜索引笮通过牺牲其他网站网页而使流行网站史'为流行的#法现在
正在受到来自研究领域的挑战,B、D 刚好与文章大意相反，故错;C 中的become more serious也不正确
4. The number of its links to other pages.
【解析】第2 段第4 句明确表示，如果一个网页被其他很多网页链接就被标识为$ 要网页，由此可推断网页的®:要
性跟链接此网页的数id：相关，故答案为The number of its links to other pages
Passage 47
1. [A ]【解析】根据第2 段内容可知，目前还未定准确的定位地点，所以A“已找到合适定位点”表述不正确，故选
A。定位到第2段首句后，发现B、C.D三项直接可从该句找到正确表述，立即排除此三项。
2. [C ]【解析】第 8 段首句明确提到，他们会遇到很多闲难，由此可知，D符合文意，而与D 意义相反的C 则必然
错误，所以选C。由第6 段可知，宇航员可在Deimos和Phobos上分析返丨"丨的样本，A 符合文点；由第7段第
2 句可知，宇航员可利用真空状态保护P丨己免受伤害，B 符合文意。
3 . 丨B |【解析】本文以火星探索为例，说明载人航天飞船中宇航员的作用，并指出目前取道卫星探索火星是可取
的。因此选B。D 利用生活常识编造干扰项；A、C 则把文中事实细节当主旨，故排除
4. A Mars orbiter.
【解析】根据第 4 段中的 a Mars orbiter, permitting a longer stay near the planet 可知，Mars orbiter 可长时间停
留在行星附近，所以答案为A Mars orbiter。
Passage 4 8 .......................................................................................................................................
1. [D ]【解析】为了解决人与自然的矛盾，我们必须把地球及其居民看作一个整体，而不是看作地理上区分开来
的对立双方。依据地理可划分出常裕的发达国家和贫穷的欠发达国家，还可以划分出东西南北之分，故 A、
. 131 .专八阅读
B、C 都是 dichotomous mass,故本题选 D
2. [C ]【解析】倒数第3 段提到新式W际机制的功能：控制对科学发现的利用（A),促进人类幣体的进步；拥有否
决权；能处理全球性问题（B、D均是全球问题） 原文提到这种机构的否决权是否导致环境恶化的行为，并
非所行人类战胜fl然的努力，故C 与原文不一致，是答案。
3• 丨A】【解析】倒数第2 段提到，“联合闻B前的形式远远达不到我们的要求……"，故作#对联合闻的现状是不
满意的，应当选A
4. A clash between Man and Nature.
【解析】报据题丨丨中的technological progress定位到第4 段第2 句该句说技术进步已经证明足把双刃剑，它引发
广新形式的冲突，即人类与自然之间的矛盾。题H中的led to意思等同于原文的giving rise to,可见其后的内容为
答案.故答案为 A clash between Man and Nature。
(l>It’s hard to miss them: the epitome of casual “geek chic” and organized within
the warranty of their Palm Pilots, they sip labor-intensive cafe latt6s, chat on sleek
字 数：564 cell phones and ponder the road to enlightenment. In the US they worry about the
建议用时：7 分钟 environment as they drive their gas-guzzling sports utility vehicles to emporiums of * 2 3 4 5 6 7
haute design to buy a $50 titanium spatula; they think about their tech stocks as they
explore specialty shops for Tibetan artifacts in Everest-worthy hiking boots. They think nothing of laying out
$5 for a wheat grass muff, much less $500 for some alternative rejuvenation at the day-spa—hut don't talk
about raising their taxes.
(2) They are “Bourgeois Bohemians”一or “Bobos”一and they’re the new “enlightened elite” of the information
age, their lucratively busy lives a seeming synthesis of comfort and conscience, corporate success and creative
rebellion. Well-educated thirty-to-forty something， they have forged a new social ethos from a logic-defying
fusion of 1960s counter-culture and 1980s entrepreneurial materialism.
(3) Combining the free-spirited, artistic rebelliousness of the Bohemian beatnik or hippie with the worldly
ambitions of their bourgeois corporate forefathers, the Bobo is a comfortable contortion of caring capitalism.
“It’s not about making money; it’s about doing something you love. Life should be an extended hobby. It’s all
about working for a company as cool as you are.”
(4) It is a world inhabited by dotcom millionaires, management consultants, “culture industry” entrepreneurs
and all manner of media folk, most earning upwards of $100,000 a year——their money an incidental byproduct
of their maverick mores， the kind of money they happen to earn while they are pursuing their creative vision.
Often sporting such unconventional job titles as “creative paradox’’， “corporate jester” or “learning person”，
Bobos work with a monk-like self-discipline because they view their jobs as intellectual, even spiritual. It is
a reverse the Midas touch: everything a Bobo touches turns to spirituality, everything has to be about
enlightenment. Even their jobs are a mission to improve the world.
(5) It is now impossible to tell an espresso-sipping artist from a cappuccino-gulping banker, but it isn't just
a matter of style. If you investigate people's attitudes towards sex, morality, leisure time and work, it is getting
harder and harder to separate the anti-establishment renegade from the pro-establishment company man. Most
people seemed to have rebel attitudes and social-climbing attitudes all scrambled together.
(6) These Bobos are just normal middle-class people who are living out a protracted adolescence. Their
political interests are either “intensely close and personal" (abortion or gun control), or very remote (the
rainforests, Tibet or Third World poverty). But they will most likely express their conscience in their
consumerism， relieved to be helping someone somewhere by collecting the hand-carved artifacts of distant
cultures.
(7) Motivated by spiritual participation， but cautious of moral crusades and religious enthusiasms, they
tolerate a little lifestyle experimentation, so long as it is done safely and moderately. They are offended by
• 132 •Part❿ 62篇阅读分类特训
concrete wrongs, ‘such as cruelty and racial injustice, but are relatively unmoved by lies or transgressions that
don’t seem to do anyone any obvious harm.
(8)Il is an elite that has been raised to oppose elites. They are by instinct anti-establishmentarian, yet in
some sense they have become a new establishment. They are prosperous without seeming greedy; they have
pleased their elders, without seeming conformists; they have risen toward the top without too obviously looking
down on those below.
1. Bobos do all of the following EXCEPT .
A. buying stylish mobile phones B. relying on new technologies to get organized
C. driving battery-powered utility vehicles D. worrying about environmental issues
2. One of the characteristics of Bobos is that .
A. they pursue a life of comfort and peace B. they may make conscientious decisions
C. they lack the incentive to work harder D. they have abandoned traditional morality
3. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned as Bobos?
A. People in favor of tradition. B. American middle-class people.
C. Anti-conventionalists. D. Stubborn corporate managers.
4. What do Bobos think of their work?
(答案解析见P148)
Passage
(I)*4Masterpieces are dumb.” wrote Flaubert. “They have a tranquil aspect like
the very products of nature, like large animals and mountains.” He might have been
字 数:522 thinking of War and Peace, that vast, silent work, unfathomable and simple，
建议用时:6分钟 provoking endless questions through the majesty of its being. Tolstoy’s simplicity is
“overpowering，” says the critic Bay ley, “disconcerting,” because it comes from
“his casual assumption that the world is as he sees it”； like other 19th century Russian writers he is
“impressive” because he "means what he says.” But he stands apart from all others and from most
Western writers in his identity with life, which is so complete as to make us forget he is an artist. He is the
center of his work, but his egocentricity is of a special kind. “Goethe， for example，" says Bay ley, “cared for
nothing but himself." Tolstoy was nothing but himself.
(2)For all his varied modes of writing and the multiplicity of characters in his fiction, Tolstoy and his
work are of a piece. The famous “conversion” of his middle years, movingly recounted in his Confession,
was a culmination of his early spiritual life， not a departure from it. The apparently fundamental changes that
led from epic narrative to dogmatic parable, from a joyous， buoyant attitude toward life to pessimism and
cynicism, from War and Peace to The Kreutzer Sonata, came from the same restless, impressionable depths of
an independent spirit yearning to get at the truth of its experience. “Truth is my hero.” wrote Tolstoy in his
youth, reporting the fighting in Sebastopol. Truth remained his hero一his own， not others’ truth. Others were
awed by Napoleon, believed that a single man could change the destinies of nations, adhered to meaningless
rituals, formed their tastes on established canons of art. Tolstoy reversed all preconceptions, and in every
reversal he overthrew the “system”， the “machine"， the externally ordained belief, the conventional behavior in
favor of unsystematic, impulsive life, of inward motivation and the solutions of independent thought.
(3)In his work the artificial and genuine are always exhibited in dramatic opposition: the supposedly great
Napoleon and the truly great， unregarded little Captain Tushin， or Nicholas Rostov’s actual experience in battle
and his later account for it. The simple is always pitted against the elaborate. Knowledge gained from
observation against assertions of borrowed faiths. Tolstoy’s magical simplicity is a produce of these tensions;
his work is a record of the questions he put to himself and of his fiction exemplify this search, and their
happiness depends on the measure of their answer. Tolstoy wanted happiness, but only hard-won happiness， that
• 133 •专八阅读
emotional fulfillment and intellectual clarity which could come only as the price of all-consuming effort. He
scorned lesser satisfaction.
1. The author quotes from Bayley to show that Tolstoy _____•
A. writes novels that are reports of copying actual events
B. maintains no self-conscious distance from his experience
C. often writes his works in a quite simple way
D. works casually to make his works with inexplicable truth
2. What’s the author’s attitude towards Tolstoy?
A. She deprecates the cynicism of his later works. B. She finds him theatrically artificial.
C. She admires his wholehearted sincerity. D. She thinks his inconsistency disturbing.
3. We can infer the following from the passage EXCEPT that •
A. Confession belongs to an early period of Tolstoy's work
B. in his works Tolstoy might express his discontent to the society
C. the hero wouldn’t obtain happiness if he couldn't get the answer
D. the easily-obtained happiness is rejected by Tolstoy
4. What did Tolstoy’s conversion develop from?
(答案解析见P149)
Passage
(1)1 cry easily. I once burst into tears when the curtain came down on the Kirov
Ballets “Swan Lake”. I still choke up every time I see a film of Roger Bannister
字 数:616 breaking the “impossible” four-minute mark for the mile. 丨 figure 1 am moved by
建议用时:7分钟 witnessing men and women at their best; but they need not be great men and women, * 2 3 4 5 6 7
^ — — doing great things.
(2) Take the night, some years ago, when my wife and I were going to dinner at a friend*s house in New
York city. It was sleeting. As we hurried toward the house, with its welcoming light. I noticed a car pulling
out from the curb. Just ahead, another car was waiting to back into the parking space—a rare commodity in
crowded Manhattan. But before he could do so another car came up from behind， and sneaked into the spot.
That's dirty pool, I thought; while my wife went ahead into our friend's house. I stepped into the street to
give the guilty driver a piece of my mind. A man in work clothes rolled down the window.
(3) “Hey，” I said， "this parking space belongs to that guy，” I gestured toward the man ahead， who was
looking back angrily. I thought I was being a good Samaritan, I guess一and I remember that the moment I
was feeling pretty manly in my new trench coat.
(4) **Mind your own business!** the driver told me.
(5) “No，” I said. “You don’t understand. That fellow was waiting to back into this space.” Things quickly
heated up, until finally he leaped out of the car. My God, he was colossal. He grabbed me and bent me back
over the hood of his car as if I was a rag doll. The sleet stung my face. 1 glanced at the other driver,
looking for help, but he gunned his engine and hightailed it out of there.
(6) The huge man shook his rock of a fist of me， brushing my lip and cutting the inside of my mouth
against my teeth. I tasted blood. I was terrified. He snarled and threatened, and then told me to beat it.
Almost in a panic, I scrambled to my friend's front door. As a former Marine, as a man, I felt utterly
humiliated. Seeing that I was shaken， my wife and friends asked me what had happened. All I could bring
myself to say was that I had had an argument about a parking space. They had the sensitivity to let it go at that.
(7) 1 sat stunned. Perhaps half an hour later, Ihe doorbell rang. My blood ran cold. For some reason I was
sure that the bruiser had returned for me. My hostess got up to answer it, but I stopped her. I felt morally
bound to answer it myself.
• 134 •Part❿ 62篇阅读分类特训
(8) 1 walked down the hallway with dread. Yet I knew I had to face up to my fear. I opened the door.
There he stood，towering. Behind him， the sleet came down harder than ever.
(9) “I came back to apologize，” he said in a low voice. “When I got home， I said to myself, what right
I have to do that? Fm ashamed of myself. All I can tell you is that the Brooklyn Navy Yard is closing. Tve
worked there for years. And today I got laid off. I’m not myself. I hope you’ll accept my apology.”
(10) 1 often remember that big man. I think of the effort and courage it took for him to come back to
apologize. He was man at last.
(11) And I remember that after I closed the door, my eyes blurred， as I stood in the hallway for a few
moments alone.
1. Which of the following does **dirty pooIH in the second paragraph stand for?
A. The car was waiting to back into the place. B. It had been sleeting all the time that night.
C. Another car sneaked into the parking spot. D. The driver left the parking place quickly.
2. Which of the following contains a simile?
A. He grabbed me and bent me back over the hood of his car as if I was a rag doll.
B. Things quickly heated up, until finally he leaped out of the car.
C. But before he could do so another car came up from behind， and sneaked into the spot.
D. I thought I was being a good Samaritan， I guess—and...
3. What touched the writer in the end?
A. The big man’s courage. B. The big man’s sincerity.
C. The big man’s experience. D. The big man's masculinity.
4. How did the author’s wife and friend respond to the incident?
(答案解析见P149)
Passage 4 ^
(l)She almost did not run. Christine Williams admits that now. She could barely
put one foot after another following the wake for her sister, who had died in an
字 数:792 automobile accident. But she did run. With the cheers of friends and strangers
建议用时:9分钟 reaching her heart， Williams set a C. W. Post record nine days ago in Boston. Now * 2 3 4
she will run again， on Saturday in the national Division II cross-country
championships in Evansville, Ind. She wanted to be sure she was doing the right thing by running. She was
the middle of three sisters, between Kerry, who is 25, and Jennifer, who was 18.
(2) Just going through any motions was hard enough, but Christine Williams wanted to know if she should
put on her uniform and her shoes and run through the woods on an autumn afternoon, in the awful gaping
time between her sister’s wake and her funeral. “I kind of got upset beforehand，” Williams admitted
Monday. Not a chatterbox under normal conditions, she now holds herself the best way she can, the fewer
words the better. She almost walked away from the start line. But her friend Angela Toscano， who had flown
up to Boston with her, directly from the wake, was standing near the line and talked her through it. uShe said
my sister would have wanted me to run，” Christine said. And that was enough to get her started.
(3) The accident happened just after midnight on Nov. 4. Four young women were driving in an unfamiliar
area of Long Island in Eastport, N.Y., when one of them apparently ran a yield sign, and the car was hit by
another vehicle. Heather Brownrigg of Islip and Jennifer Williams died, and their friends April Brown and Kaci
Moran, each from Bay Shore, were treated at a hospital and released. The driver of the other car also walked
away. “Two girls did survive,” Jennifer’s father，Ed, said with the positive tone of a parent who knows that
every daughter’s life is precious.
(4) The crash made the papers. April Brown was charged with driving while intoxicated and driving without
a license. The family could have done without the remarks in The New York Post that the four friends were专八阅读
known as “party girls.” Ed Williams said of his youngest daughter: “1 never knew her to drink, and 1 never
knew her to take drugs. They probably did stop and drink a few beers." At the wake on Nov. 6, Brown was
welcomed by the Williams family. *4It was a little hard/f Ed Williams said, "but it was an accident. Nobody
was to blame, really. Jennifer just wasn’t lucky."
(5)T he family had to make a decision. Ed and Debbie Williams have barely missed a track meet of
Christine’s since she gave up cheerleading midway through Bay Shore High to concentrate on running. The
wake began Saturday evening. The next day Christine was to run with the Post cross-country team at the
regional meet. “Her mom said it was about the team，” said Rich Degnan， the Post coach. “They were
worried about letting down the team.” Degnan and Post officials offered a car service and tickets on the last
flight to Boston on Saturday night for Christine and Toscano. When they arrived at the hotel, the entire team
was waiting up for her.
(6) Everybody knew about it at the regional meet. Degnan had to arrange for the flexibility of an
alternate, just in case Christine could not go. The other teams agreed, unanimously. Not only that, hut they
all rooted for Christine. Runners and coaches and family members, wearing a multitude of team colors, all
cheered for the Post runner in green and yellow. "There was a lot of positive energy flowing,** Degnan said.
**If their runner couldn't win, they wanted Christine to win.M
(7) Several times during the race, Christine felt she could not continue. But then she heard her friends and
all those other people, those strangers from other colleges, calling her name. She thought about Jennifer. And
she ran. She finished fourth in 22 minutes 58 seconds, breaking the Post record for the six-kilometer distance by
15 seconds. And although the Post team did not qualify for the nationals, Christine did.
(8) The parents and the older daughter will fly to Indiana to watch Christine run in the nationals at 1 p.m.
on Saturday. They surely know this race is keeping them going. “I’m just taking it one day at a time,” said
Christine, who admitted she has been feeling the stress. “1 want to say, I’m just very proud of her，’’ Ed
Williams said. “I knew she had ability but when the accident happened, I was concerned. She did beyond
what I thought. I just hope she has one good race left.”
1. The efforts Christine^ Post team made for her include the following aspects EXCEPT .
A. offering car service and flight tickets to Boston B. arranging for a substitute for her beforehand
C. taking care of her fcxxl and uniforms D. cheering for her during the race
2. Which of the following details about Christine Williams is INCORRECT?
A. Her youngest sister was killed in a car accident.
B. She flew to Boston for the race directly from her sister's wake.
C. She broke the Post record in regional meet in Boston.
D. Her Post team finally qualified for Nationals in Indiana.
3. The narrative skill employed in the whole story is _____ .
A. depiction B. flashforward
C. flashback D. narration with flashbacks
4. What was the direct cause of the car crash?
(答案解析见P149)
Passage
(l)When I am in a serious humor， I very often walk by myself in Westminster
Abbey, where the gloominess of the place, and the use to which it is applied, with
字 数:796 the solemnity of the building, and the condition of the people who lie in it, are apt
建议用时:9分钟 to fill the mind with a kind of melancholy, or rather thoughtfulness, that is not
disagreeable. I yesterday passed a whole afternoon in the churchyard, the cloisters，
and the church, amusing myself with the tombstones and inscriptions that I met with in those several regions
• 136 •Part 〇 62篇阅读分类特训
of the dead. Most of them recorded nothing else of the buried person, but that he was born upon one day,
and died upon another: the whole history of his life being comprehended in those two circumstances that are
common to all mankind. I could not but look upon these registers of existence, whether of brass or marble, as
a kind of satire upon the departed persons; who had left no other memorial of them, but that they were bom
and that they died. They put me in mind of several persons mentioned in the battles of heroic poems, who
have sounding names given them, for no other reason but that they may be killed, and are celebrated for
nothing but being knocked on the head. The life of these men is finely described in Holy Writ by "the path
of an arrow,” which is immediately closed up and lost.
(2) Upon my going into the church, I entertained myself with the digging of a grave; and saw in every
sho-velful of it that was thrown up, the fragment of a bone or skull intermix with a kind of fresh mouldering
earth, that some time or other had a place in the composition of a human body. Upon this， I began to
consider with myself what innumerable multitudes of people lay confused together under the pavement of that
ancient cathedral; how men and women， friends and enemies, priests and soldiers， monks and prebendaries,
were crumbled amongst one another, and blended together in the same common mass; how beauty，strength，
and youth， with old age， weakness and deformity, lay undistinguished in the same promiscuous heap of matter.
(3) After having thus surveyed this great magazine of mortality, as it were, in the lump; I examined it
more particularly by the accounts which I found on several of the monuments which are raised in every
quarter of that ancient fabric. Some of them were covered with such extravagant epitaphs, that， if it were
possible for the dead person to be acquainted with them， he would blush at the praises which his friends have
bestowed upon him. There are others so excessively modest， that they deliver the character of the person
departed in Greek or Hebrew, and by that means are not understood once in a twelve month. In the poetical
quarter, I found there were poets who had no monuments, and monuments which had no poets. I observed
indeed that the present war had filled the church with many of these uninhabited monuments, which had been
erected to the memory of persons whose bodies were perhaps buried in the plains of Blenheim， or in the
bosom of the ocean.
(4) 1 could not but be very much delighted with several modem epitaphs, which are written with great
elegance of expression and justness of thought, and therefore do honor to the living as well as to the dead. As a
foreigner is very apt to conceive an idea of the ignorance or politeness of a nation, from the turn of their public
monuments and inscriptions, they should be submitted to the perusal of men of learning and genius, before they
are put in execution. Sir Cloudesly Shovel’s monument has very often given me great offence: instead of the
brave rough English Admiral, which was the distinguishing character of that plain gallant man， he is represented
on his tomb by the figure of a beau, dressed in a long periwig, and reposing himself upon velvet cushions under
a canopy of state. The inscription is answerable to the monument, for instead of celebrating the many remarkable
actions he had performed in the service of his country, it acquaints us only with the manner of his death， in
which it was impossible for him to reap any honor. The Dutch, whom we are apt to despise for want of genius,
show an infinitely greater taste of antiquity and politeness in their buildings and works of this nature, than what
we meet with in those of our own country. The monuments of their admirals, which have been erected at the
public expense， represent them like themselves; and are adorned with rostral crowns and naval ornaments, with
beautiful festoons of seaweed，shells, and coral.
1. The relationship between the second and third paragraphs is that_____ •
A. each presents one side of the background information of the dead
B. the second generalizes and the third gives examples
C. the third is the further development of the second
D. both present the author’s disagreements on the inscription
2. According to the third paragraph, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A. Every epitaph on the tomb is overstated.
B. Some epitaphs are modest while others are exaggerated.
C. There are accounts on the monuments.
• 137 •专八阅读
D. The owners of some monuments are not clear.
3. As for epitaphs, which of the following is NOT true?
A. It may honor both the living and the dead. B. The author was unhappy with modem epitaphs.
C. There are inscriptions on the monuments. D. Epitaphs may reflect one's idea of a nation.
4. Whafs the meaning of ^humor" in the first paragraph?
(答案解析见P150)
Passage
(l )Proponents of different jazz styles have always argued that their predecessors’
musical style did not include essential characteristics that define jazz as jazz. Thus,
字 数:449 1940’s swing was belittled by beboppers of the 1950’s， who were themselves attacked
建议用时:6分钟 by free jazzers of the 1960's. The neoboppers of the 1980's and 1990's attacked * 2 3 4 5
almost everybody else. The titanic figure of Black saxophonist John Coltrane has
complicated the arguments made by proponents of styles from bebop through neobop because in his own
musical journey he drew from all those styles. His influence on all types of jazz was immeasurable. At the
height of his popularity, Coltrane largely abandoned playing bebop， the style that had brought him fame, to
explore the outer reaches of jazz.
(2) Collrane himself probably believed that the only essential characteristic of jazz was improvisation, the
one constant in his journey from bebop to open-ended improvisations on modal, Indian， and African melodies.
On the other hand, this dogged student and prodigious technician一who insisted on spending hours each day
practicing scales from theory books—was never able to jettison completely the influence of bebop, with its fast
and elaborate chains of notes and ornaments on melody.
(3) Two stylistic characteristics shaped the way Coltrane played the tenor saxophone: he favored playing fast
runs of notes built on a melody and depended on heavy, regularly accented beats. The first led Coltrane to
“sheets of sound’’， where he raced faster and faster, pile-driving notes into each other to suggest stacked
harmonies. The second meant that his sense of rhythm was almost as close to rock as to bebop.
(4) Three recordings illustrate Coltrane's energizing explorations. Recording Kind of Blue with Miles Davis,
Coltrane found himself outside bop, exploring modal melodies. Here he played surging, lengthy solos built
largely around repeated motifs一an organizing principle unlike that of free jazz saxophone player Ornette
Coleman, who modulated or altered melodies in his solos. On Giant Steps, Coltrane debuted as leader,
introducing his own compositions. Here the sheets of sound, downbeat accents, repetitions, and great speed are
part of each solo, and the variety of the shapes of his phrases is unique. Coltrane's searching explorations
produced solid achievement. My Favorite Things was another kind of watershed. Here Coltrane played the
soprano saxophone, an instrument seldom used by jazz musicians. Musically, the results were astounding. With
the soprano's piping sound, ideas that had sounded dark and brooding acquired a feeling of giddy fantasy.
(5) When Coltrane began recording for the hnpulse\ Label, he was still searching. His music became raucous,
physical. His influence on rockers was enormous, including Jimi Hendrix， the rock guitarist， who following
Coltrane, raised the extended guitar solo using repeated motifs to a kind of rock art form.
1. According to the passage, the organization of the fourth paragraph is that _____ •
A. a topic sentence is mentioned and three examples are presented in certain order
B. a topic sentence is mentioned and illustrated with three specific examples
C. a topic sentence is stated and three dissimilar examples are considered
D. a topic sentence is stated and three seemingly opposing examples are presented
2. John Coltrane did all of the following during his career EXCEPT _____ •
A. eliminated the influence of bebop on his own music
B. spent time improving his technical and professional skills
• 138 •Part © 62篇阅读分类特训
C. performed as leader as well as soloist introducing his music
D. improvised on melodies from a number of different cultures
3. The tone of this passage is •
A. speculative B. praiseful C. negative D. lukewarm
4. What does the word “jettison” in the second paragraph mean?
(答案解析见P150)
Passage
(1) Peter Benchley，65， the author and conservationist who wrote Jaws，the shark-
attack novel that became a classic movie and provided a nation with thrills, chills and
字 数:773 recurring nightmares, died Feb. 11 at his Princeton, N.J., home.
建议用时:7分钟 (2) A relative said he died of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a progressive scarring * 11
of the lungs.
(3) Through the book， which was Mr. Benchley’s first novel， and the movie， for which he contributed to
the screenplay，Mr. Benchley aroused a nation’s deepest fears about undersea dangers, beach hazards and the
carnivorous perils of an arching mouthful of menacingly curved, triangular teeth.
(4)J aws told of a silent， monstrous predator that chewed up the lives， limbs and summer vacations of
unfortunate swimmers at an Atlantic Ocean coastal resort.
(5) More than 20 million copies of the novel have been printed since it appeared in 1974. The Steven
Spielberg movie became a film touchstone.
(6) The son and grandson of writers, and a writer himself since age 16，Mr. Benchley drew for his novel
on lore he had learned as a boy on Nantucket, south of Cape Cod, Mass., and from years of musings over a
report he had once read about the appearance off Lx>ng Island of a 4,550-pound great white shark.
(7) He asked himself, he said, not so much what did happen but what could happen if such a predator
emerged from the deep.
(8) After graduation from Harvard, Mr. Benchley traveled around the world for a year, and then served for
six months in a Marine Corps Reserve program. He wrote for The Washington Post、became television editor
of Newsweek magazine and worked as a speech writer in the Lyndon B. Johnson White House.
(9) “My idea was to tell my first novel as a sort of long story…just to see if I could do it,” he once said.
(l())He told an interviewer that after interesting a publisher in the book and receiving an advance, il was
time to put up.
(11) Married and the father of two young children, Mr. Benchley rented space on the premises of a furnace
supply company. Suggesting, among other things, that talent, determination and energy can overcome any
environment, he described the “clang and clank of hammers of sheet metal” that formed the background for
the creation of Jaws.
(12) In his $50 a month quarters in Pennington, N.J., Mr. Benchley produced a cultural landmark that
touched the nation’s psyche and provided a world of bad dreams. It was there that he put down these opening
words, which in vivid brevity hinted at horrors to come:
(13) 4The great fish moved silently through the night water, propelled by short sweeps of its crescent tail.”
(14) Two paragraphs later, a man and woman come out of a house. The man is drunk.
(15) “‘First a swim，’ the woman says. ‘To clear your head.
(16) For Mr. Benchley, at 33， the book provided the acclaim and success about which most aspiring
novelists can only dream. Sales took off, money rolled in, Hollywood clamored and the fame, he told People
magazine, was “awesome.”
(17) In time, he became known as a naturalist and conservationist who produced films and television
programs about the ocean environment.
• 139 •专八阅读
(18) 4* He cared very much about sharks. He spent most of his life trying to explain to people that if you
are in the ocean，you’re in the shark’s territory, so it behooves you to take precautions，” his wife told the
Associated Press.
(19) *4If we kill everything in the ocean, and if we pollute the ocean to a pointwhere it can't sustain life,
we’re committing suicide,” Mr. Benchley once said.
(20) Mr. Benchley， who was bom and grew up in New York， was the son of author Nathaniel Benchley,
who wrote The Russians Are Coming! The Russians Are Coming! among other works. He was also the
grandson of the celebrated American humor writer and wit Robert Benchley.
(21) Peter Benchley once told interviewer Bret Gilliam that his father knew the financial straits and shoals
of the writing life and tried to discourage him from it.
(22>But when the father recognized the depth of his son's teenage interest in writing, he subsidized him
for two summers at summer-job wages. The son had one duty: to sit alone for four hours or until he wrote
1,000 words, “whichever came first.”
(23) Mr. Benchley told Gilliam that he found he could withstand the regimen, and at 21, he sold his Tirst
story, to Vogue magazine.
(24) In addition to Jaws, Mr. Benchley wrote The Deep, Q Clearance which was inspired by his White
House days, and other books.
(25) In addition to his wife, whom he married in 1964, his survivors include children, Tracy, Clayton and
Christopher, and five grandchildren.
1. What’s the meaning of “put up” in the tenth paragraph?
A. Erect. B. Attach. C. Raise. D. Start.
2. Which of the following statements contains a metaphor?
A. Sales took off, money rolled in.
B. Jaws told of a silent, monstrous predator that...
C. In his $50 a month quarters in Pennington...
D. ... and at 21, he sold his first story, to Vogue magazine.
3. What kind of writing style does this passage belong to?
A. Editorial. B. Essay. C. Feature. D. News.
4. What had Benchley been in his life according to the passage?
(答案解析见P150)
Passage
(l)The senior partner, Oliver Lambert, studied the resume for the hundredth time
and again found nothing he disliked about Mitchell Y. McDeere， at least not on
字 数：598 paper. He had the brains, the ambition, the good looks. And he was hungry; with his
建议用时分钟 background, he had to be. He was married, and that was mandatory. The firm had
never hired an unmarried lawyer, and it frowned heavily on divorce, as well as
womanizing and drinking. Drug testing was in the contract. He had a degree in accounting, passed the CPA
exam the first time he took it and wanted to be a tax lawyer, which of course was a requirement with a tax
firm. He was white, and the firm had never hired a black. They managed this by being secretive and clubby
and never soliciting job applications. Other firms solicited, and hired blacks. This firm recruited, and remained
lily white. Plus, the firm was in Memphis, and the top blacks wanted New York or Washington or Chicago.
McDeere was a male, and there were no women in the firm. That mistake had been made in the mid-seventies
when they recruited the number one grad from Harvard, who happened to be a she and a wizard at taxation.
She lasted four turbulent years and was killed in a car wreck.
(2)He looked good, on paper. He was their top choice. In fact, for this year there were no other
• 140 •Part © 62篇阅读分类特训
prospects. The list was very short. It was McDeere, or no one.
⑶ The managing partner, Royce McKnight， studied a labeled “Mitchell Y. McDeere—Harvard.” An inch
thick with small print and a few photographs; it had been prepared by some ex-CIA agents in a private
intelligence outfit in Bethesda. They were clients of the firm and each year did the investigating for no fee. It
was easy work, they said， checking out unsuspecting law students. They learned, for instance, that he preferred
to leave the Northeast, that he was holding three job offers, two in New York and one in Chicago, and that
the highest offer was $76,(K)0 and the lowest was $68,(KX). He was in demand. He had been given the
opportunity to cheat on a securities exam during his second year. He declined, and made the highest grade in
the class. Two months ago he had been offered cocaine at a law school party. He said no and left when
everyone began snorting. He drank an occasional beer, but drinking was expensive and he had no money. He
owed close to $23,(KK) in student loans. He was hungry.
(4) Royce McKnight flipped through the dossier and smiled. McDeere was their man.
(5) Lamar Quin was thirty-two and not yet a partner. He had been brought along to look young and act
young and project a youthful image for Bendini， Lambert & Locke, which in fact was a young firm， since
most of the partners retired in their late forties or early fifties with money to bum. He would make partner in
this firm. With a six-figure income guaranteed for the rest of his life， Lamar could enjoy the twelve-hundred-
dollar tailored suits that hung so comfortably from his tall, athletic frame. He strolled nonchalantly across the
thousand-dollar-a-day suite and poured another cup of decaf. He checked his watch. He glanced at the two
partners sitting at the small conference table near the windows.
(6) Precisely at two-thirty someone knocked on the door. Lamar looked at the partners, who slid the resume
and dossier into an open briefcase. All three reached for their jackets. Lamar buttoned his top button and
opened the door.
1. Which of the following is NOT the firm’s recruitment requirement?
A. Marriage. B. Background. C. Relevant degree. D. Male.
2. The details of the private investigation show that the firm _____.
A. was interested in his family background B. intended to check out his other job offers
C. wanted to know something about his preference D. was interested in any personal detail of the man
3. We get the impression from the passage that in job recruitment the firm was NOT •
A. selective B. secretive C. perfunctory D. racially biased
4. Which of the following is true about McDeere?
A. He was very punctual. B. He graduated from Harvard.
C. He was fond of drinking. D. He was bom from a wealthy family.
5. What was the organization that did the investigation of McDeere to the firm?
(答案解析见P150)
Passage ^
4
(l)The fox really exasperated them both. As soon as they had let the fowls out,
in the early summer mornings, they had to take their guns and keep guard; and then
字 数:591 again as soon as evening began to mellow, they must go once more. And he was so
建议用时：6 分钟 sly. He slid along in the deep grass; he was difficult as a serpent to see. And he
seemed to circumvent the girls deliberately. Once or twice March had caught sight of
the white tip of his brush, or the ruddy shadow of him in the deep grass, and she had let fire at him. But he
made no account of this.
(2)The trees on the wood-edge were a darkish, brownish green in the full light一for it was the end of
August. Beyond, the naked, copper-like shafts and limbs of the pine trees shone in the air. Nearer the rough
grass, with its long, brownish stalks all agleam, was full of light. The fowls were round about—the ducks were
• 141 •专八阅读
still swimming on the pond under the pine trees. March looked at it all, saw it all, and did not see it. She
heard Banford speaking to the fowls in the distance—and she did not hear. What was she thinking about?
Heaven knows. Her consciousness was, as it were， held back.
(3) She lowered her eyes, and suddenly saw the fox. He was looking up at her. His chin was pressed
down, and his eyes were looking up. They met her eyes. And he knew her. She was spellbound—she knew he
knew her. So he looked into her eyes, and her soul failed her. He knew her, he was not daunted.
(4) She struggled, confusedly she came to herself, and saw him making off, with slow leaps over some
fallen boughs, slow, impudent jumps. Then he glanced over his shoulder, and ran smoothly away. She saw his
brush held smooth like a feather, she saw his white buttocks twinkle. And he was gone, softly, soft as the wind.
(5) She put her gun to her shoulder, but even then pursed her mouth, knowing it was nonsense to pretend
to fire. So she began to walk slowly after him, in the direction he had gone, slowly, pertinaciously. She
expected to find him. In her heart she was determined to find him. What she would do when she saw him
again she did not consider. But she was determined to find him. So she walked abstractedly about on the edge
of the wood, with wide， vivid dark eyes， and a faint flush in her cheeks. She did not think. In strange
mindlessness she walked hither and thither...
(6) As soon as supper was over, she rose again to go out, without saying why.
(7) She took her gun again and went to look for the fox. For he had lifted his eyes upon her, and his
knowing look seemed to have entered her brain. She did not so much think of him: she was possessed by
him. She saw his dark, shrewd, unabashed eye looking into her, knowing her. She felt him invisibly master her
spirit. She knew the way he lowered his chin as he looked up, she knew his muzzle, the golden brown, and
the greyish white. And again she saw him glance over his shoulder at her, half inviting, half contemptuous and
cunning. So she went, with her great startled eyes glowing, her gun under her arm, along the wood edge.
Meanwhile the night fell, and a great moon rose above the pine trees.
1. At the beginning of the story, the fox seems to be all EXCEPT _____ .
A. cunning B. fierce C. defiant D. annoying
2. Gradually March seems to be in a state of _____.
A. blankness B. imagination C. sadness D. excitement
3. At the end of the story, there seems to be a sense of between March and the fox.
A. detachment B. anger C. intimacy D. conflict
4. What kind of impression does the passage create?
(答案解析见P151)
(l)Mr. Duffy raised his eyes from the paper and gazed out of his window on
the cheerless evening landscape. The river lay quiet beside the empty distillery and
字 数：S17
from time to time a light appeared in some house on Lucan Road. What an end!
建议用时：6分钟
The whole narrative of her death revolted him and it revolted him to think that he
had ever spoken to her of what he held sacred. The cautious words of a reporter
won over to conceal the details of a commonplace vulgar death attacked his stomach. Not merely had she
degraded herself; she had degraded him. His soul’s companion! He thought of the hobbling wretches whom he
had seen carrying cans and bottles to be filled by the barman. Just God, what an end! Evidently she had
been unfit to live， without any strength of purpose, an easy prey to habits， one of the wrecks on which
civilization has been reared. But that she could have sunk so low! Was it possible he had deceived himself
so utterly about her? He remembered her outburst of that night and interpreted it in a harsher sense than he
had ever done. He had no difficulty now in approving of the course he had taken.
(2)As the light failed and his memory began to wander he thought her hand touched his. The shock which
• 142 •Part❿ 62篇阅读分类特训
had first attacked his stomach was now attacking his nerves. He pul on his overcoat and hat quickly and went
out. The cold air met him on the threshold; it crept into the sleeves of his coat. When he came to the public-
house at Chapel Bridge he went in and ordered a hot punch.
(3) The proprietor served him obsequiously but did not venture to talk. There were five or six working-men
in the shop discussing the value of a gentleman^ estate in County Kildare. They drank at intervals from their
huge pint tumblers, and smoked, spitting often on the floor and sometimes dragging the sawdust over their
heavy boots. Mr. Duffy sat on his stool and gazed at them, without seeing or hearing them. After a while
they went out and he called for another punch. He sat a long time over it. The shop was very quiet. The
proprietor sprawled on the counter reading the newspaper and yawning. Now and again a tram was heard
swishing along the lonely road outside.
(4) As he sat there, living over his life with her and evoking alternately the two images on which he now
conceived her, he realized that she was dead, that she had ceased to exist, that she had become a memory. He
began to feel ill at ease. He asked himself what else could he have done. He could not have lived with her
openly. He had done what seemed to him best. How was he to blame? Now that she was gone he understood
how lonely her life must have been， sitting night after night alone in that room. His life would be lonely too
until he, too, died, ceased to exist, became a memory—if anyone remembered him.
1. Mr. Duffyimmediate reaction to the report of the woman's death was that of .
A. disgust B. guilt C. grief D. compassion
2. We can infer from the last paragraph that Mr. Duffy was in a(n) _____ mood.
A. angry B. fretful C. irritable D. remorseful
3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Mr. Duffy once confided in the woman. B. Mr. Duffy felt an intense sense of shame.
C. The woman wanted to end the relationship. D. They became estranged probably after a quarrel.
4. How did the reporter write about the womans death?
(答案解析见P151)
Passage
(1) Every street had a story, every building a memory. Those blessed with wonder
ful childhoods can drive the streets of their hometowns and happily roll back the years.
字 数:654 The rest are pulled home by duty and leave as soon as possible. After Ray Atlee had
建议用时：7 分钟 been in Clanton (his hometown) for fifteen minutes he was anxious to get out.
(2)T he town had changed, but then it hadn’t. On the highways leading in， the
cheap metal buildings and mobile homes were gathering as tightly as possible next to the roads for maximum
visibility. This town had no zoning whatsoever. A landowner could build anything with no permit, no
inspection， no notice to adjoining landowners，nothing. Only hog farms and nuclear reactors required approvals
and paperwork. The result was a slash-and-build clutter that got uglier by the year.
(3) But in the older sections, nearer the square， the town had not changed at all. The long shaded streets
were as clean and neat as when Ray roamed them on his bike. Most of the houses were still owned by
people he knew， or if those folks had passed on the new owners kept the lawns clipped and the shutters
painted. Only a few were being neglected. A handful had been abandoned.
(4) This deep in Bible country, it was still an unwritten rule in the town that little was done on Sundays
except go to church, sit on porches, visit neighbours, rest and relax the way God intended.
(5) It was cloudy, quite cool for May, and as he toured his old turf, killing time until the appointed hour
for the family meeting, he tried to dwell on the good memories from Clanton. There was Dizzy Dean Park
where he had played Little League for the Pirates, and there was the public pool he?d swum in every summer
except 1969 when the city closed it rather than admit black children. There were the churches—Baptist, Methodist,
• 143 •1
and Presbyterian—facing each other at the intersection of Second and Elm like wary sentries, their steeples compet
ing for height They were empty now, but in an hour or so the more faithful would gather for evening services.
(6) The square was as lifeless as the streets leading to it. With eight thousand people, Clanton was just
large enough to have attracted the discount stores that had wiped out so many small towns. But here the
people had been faithful to their downtown merchants, and there wasn't a single empty or boarded-up building
around the square—no small miracle. The retail shops were mixed in with the banks and law offices and
cafes, all closed for the Sabbath.
(7) He inched through the cemetery and surveyed the Atlee section in the old part, where the tombstones
were grander. Some of his ancestors had built monuments for their dead. Ray had always assumed that the
family money he'd never seen must have been buried in those graves. He parked and walked to his mother's
grave, something he hadn’t done in years. She was buried among the Atlees, at the far edge of the family plot
because she had barely belonged.
(8) Soon, in less than an hour, he would be sitting in his father^ study, sipping bad instant tea and
receiving instructions on exactly how his father would be laid to rest. Many orders were about to be given,
many decrees and directions, because his father (who used to be a judge) was a great man and cared deeply
about how he was to be remembered.
(9) Moving again, Ray passed the water tower he*d climbed twice, the second time with the police waiting
below. He grimaced at his old high school, a place he’d never visited since he’d left it. Behind it was the
football field where his brother Forrest had romped over opponents and almost became famous before getting
bounced off the team.
(10) It was twenty minutes before five，Sunday, May 7. Time for the family meeting.
1. From the first paragraph, we get the impression that _____ .
A. Ray cherished his childhood memories B. Ray had something urgent to take care of
C. Ray may not have a happy childhood D. Ray cannot remember his childhood days
2. Which of the following adjectives is NOT suitable to describe Ray^s hometown?
A. Lifeless. B. Religious. C. Traditional. D. Quiet.
3. From the passage we can infer that the relationship between Ray and his parents was
A. close B. remote C. tense D. harmony
4. Why didn't Ray Atlee swim in the public pool in the summer of 1969?
(答案解析见P151)
Passage
(l)Since the Titanic vanished beneath the frigid waters of the North Atlantic 85
years ago, nothing in the hundreds of books and films about the ship has ever hinted
字 数：719
at a connection to Japan—until now. Director James Camerons 200 million epic
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Titanic premiered at the Tokyo International Film Festival last Saturday. Among the
audience for a glimpse of Hollywood’s costliest film there are descendants of the
liners only Japanese survivor.
(2) The newly rediscovered diary of Masabumi Hosono has Titanic enthusiasts in a frenzy. The document is
scrawled in 4,3(K) Japanese character on a rare piece of RMS Titanic stationery. Written as the Japanese
bureaucrat steamed to safety in New York aboard the ocean liner Carpathia, which rescued 706 survivors, the
account and other documents released by his grandchildren last week offer a fresh—and poignant一reminder of
the emotional wreckage left by the tragedy.
(3) Hosono, then 42 and an official at Japans Transportation Ministry, was studying railway networks in
Europe. He boarded the Titanic in Southampton, en route home via the US. According to Hosonos account, he
• 144 •Part❻ 62篇阅读分类特训
was awakened by a "loud knock" on the door of his second-class deck with the steerage passengers. Hosono
tried to race back upstairs, but a sailor blocked his way. The Japanese feigned ignorance and pushed past. He
arrived on deck to find lifeboats being lowered into darkness, flares bursting over the ship and an eerie human
silence. He wrote: “Not a single passenger would howl or scream."
(4) Yet Hosono was screaming inside. Women were being taken to lifeboats and men held back at
gunpoint. “1 tried to prepare myself for the last moment with no agitation， making up my mind not to do
anything disgraceful as a Japanese,” he wrote. “But still I found myself looking for and waiting for any
possible chance of survival." Then an officer shouted, “Room for two more!” Hosono recalled:“I myself was
deep in desolate thought that I would no more be able to see my beloved wife and children.” Then he jumped
into the boat.
(5) When Hosono arrived in Tokyo two months later, he was met with suspicion that he had survived at
someone else's expense. The culture of shame was especially strong in prewar Japan. In the face of rumors
and bad press, Hosono was dismissed from his post in 1914. He worked at the office part-time until retiring in
1923. His grandchildren say he never mentioned the Titanic again before his death in 1939.
(6) Even then, shame continued to haunt the family. In newspapers, letters and even a school textbook,
Hosono was denounced as a disgrace to Japan. Readers Digest reopened the wound in 1956 with an abridged
Japanese version of Walter Loads best seller. A Night to remember, which described “Anglo-Saxons” as
acting bravely on the Titanic, while “Frenchmen，Italians, Americans, Japanese and Chinese were disgrace
ful.M Citing his father's diary, one of Hosonos sons, Hideo, launched a letter-writing campaign to restore the
family name. But nobody in Japan seemed to care.
(7) The diary resurfaced last summer. A representative for a US foundation that plans to hold an exhibition
of Titanic artifacts in Japan next August found Hosono’s name on a passenger list. A search led him to
Haruomi Hosono, a well-known composer, and to his cousin Yuruoi, Hideos daughter. She revealed that she
had her grandfathers dairy as well as a collection of his letters and postcards. “I was floored，” says Michael
Findley, cofounder of the Titanic International Society in the US. “This is a fantastic， fresh new look at the
sinking and the only one written on Titanic stationery immediately after the disaster.M
(8) The information allows enthusiasts to rearrange some historical minutes, such as which lifeboat Hosono
jumped into. More chilling, the account confirms that the crew tried to keep foreigners and third-class
passengers on the ships lower deck, effectively ensuring their name. The diary cannot correct injustice, but
Hosono's family hopes it will help clear his name. The Titanic foundation also hopes to capitalize on the diary
and the movie to promote its upcoming exhibition. To that end, Haruomi Hosono, the composer, has been asked to
give a talk at next month's public premiere of Titanicl The diary cannot, of course, match Camerons fictionalized
epic for drama and intrigue. But at least Masabumi Hosono's tale really happened.
1. From the description in the passage，“Carpathia" was _____ .
A. the ocean liner sent to rescue the sinking victims
B. the ocean liner Hosono boarded to return to Japan
C. the boat Hosono jumped into when “Titanic” was sinking
D. the ocean liner sailing together with “Titanic”
2. Which of the following is NOT likely to happen after the rediscovery of the diary?
A. People will reconsider some of the details related to the “Titanic” tragedy.
B. The oppressive condemnation on Hosono from his country fellows will be erased.
C. Some businessmen will take advantage of the diary for their own purpose.
D. Hosono's descendents would seize the opportunity to clear their family name.
3. The author^ attitude towards the Japanese survivor is .
A. positive B. negative C. neutral D. unconcerned
4. Where did Hosono write the diary?
145 •专八阅读
5. Why was Hosono widely condemned in Japan after he came back?
(答案解析见P151)
(1) MA11 right, boys and girls, who'd like to see some magic?** Twice a day
the ferry Arahura—and it is greeted with cries of “Me!” from children, and with
字 数：728
sighs of relief from parents, glad to find something to occupy their kids for at least
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half an hour of the three-hour trip.
(2) The parental savior in question is Nigel Kennedy, a professional magician who
has been working in the ferry for the past seven years. The facilities aren’t great一there is no designated
performance space, and he has to conjure more or less in a corridor_ but there is room enough to wave a
wand and wow an audience more captive than most.
(3)Kennedy, 33, thrives on the work, which guarantees him a level of exposure he would not readily find
elsewhere. The Arahura carries thousands of people each day in the holiday season. “Every time I travel,” says
Jonathan Morgan, manager of passenger services for the ferry line， “he is ringed with kids， like the Pied
Piper.，，
(4)T he key to what Morgan refers to as Kennedy’s stunning success is audience participation: every show,
he ropes in four kids to help， although they usually wind up being the butt of his tricks. Wands are apt to
wobble, droop, squeak or vanish; loosies and hankies turn up in unexpected places. Kennedy is a dab hand
with balloons, too, twisting them at top speed into crowns, swords, worms, ducks and donkeys.
(5) The children's work, he says, is his bread and butter, although it is not without its hazards. “Adults are
very predictable to perform for as an audience. They will always clap in the same place， always laugh in the
same place. But kids, you can’t predict what they’re going to say or do. Sometimes you’re going to have a
little five-year-old who's going to sit there with his arms folded and say this trick's absolutely pathetic—some
word he’s leamt from his parents.”
(6) Kennedy was drawn to magic in the classic manner. “I got given a magic book when I was eight years
old and that started me on it. From then on, I was putting on shows in Mum and Dad's garage and plastering
up flyers on lampposts and letterboxes around the streets, probably to their embarrassment. And it just devel
oped from there.M
(7) 2 * 4 5 6 7 8 9i remember vividly a magician in a touring show. I remember sitting watching him in this little
seat on my own. I don't know how old I would have been, but I was just rapt. He threw this big hula hoop
at me and I had to examine it. I thought, wow, I feel so special."
(8) Since turning professional in 1989, Kennedy has made what he calls a good living from magic. But the
business is not what it was. He can remember doing cabaret every Friday and Saturday night, plus a round of
conferences, dine-and-dances and garden parlies. He still does conferences， but these days, “rather than having
a set stage show with illusions, they’re more inclined to hire me for an hour or two, having me walk around
the tables, do a little trick in somebody's hand, which is what they call close-up magic.**
(9) He augments his income by running an air order business for aspiring magicians, but admits that the
average age of his clients is climbing: fewer and fewer children are taking up the craft. “It’s the competition.
Nowadays they can push a computer screen and a magic effect happens: why learn a magic trick? People
come along to a magic club and, if they can't see a person in half on the first evening, they lose interest/*
(l())Kennedy\s skill is acknowledged by fellow magicians who have recently voted him best children^ en
tertainer. But—you have to ask—do people confuse him with the other Nigel Kennedy, the internationally fa
mous violinist?
• 146 •Part 0 62篇阅读分类特训
(11)W ell, yes, and Kennedy shamelessly plays up to it: "Whenever Nigel is touring in this area, I make the
most of it. I come on stage with a violin case while Vivaldi’s The Four Seasons plays in the background.
Then I pull out a magic wand from the violin case and everyone laughs.”
(12) There are no plans for a name change, and in any case the confusion is worth it to overhear, as
Kennedy once did, someone say: "This must be what that violinist does in the off-season.M
1. The relationship between the first and second paragraphs is that .
A. both present Kennedy's performance sites B. each presents one side of the magician
C. the first generalizes the second with examples D. the first introduces the second with more details
2. It can be inferred from the passage that Kennedy was all the following EXCEPT .
A. persistent B. humorous C. confusing D. diligent
3. From the description in the passage, we learn that .
A. Kennedy has a fixed stage on the ferry to perform his magic for children
B. Kennedy’s career is now on the decline because some children learn it
C. Kennedy runs a mail-order business for those interested in magic
D. the magician often performs on the stage with Kennedy, the violinist
4. What is the most important factor for Kennedy’s success according to Morgan?
5. Why would fewer children like to learn the magic trick?
6. What do peer magicians think of Kennedy?
(答案解析见P152)
Passage
(l)In a year when A1 Gore won the Nobel Peace Prize and green became the
new red, white and blue; when the combat in Iraq showed signs of cooling but
字 数：689
Baghdad’s politicians showed no signs of statesmanship; and when J.K. Rowling set
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. J millions of minds and hearts on fire with the final volume of her 17-year saga——one * 3 4
nation that had fallen off our mental map, led by one steely and determined man，
emerged as a critical linchpin of the 21st century.
(2)Russia lives in history一and history lives in Russia. Throughout much of the 20th century, the Soviet
Union cast an ominous shadow over the world. It was the U.S.'s dark twin. But after the fall of the Berlin
Wall, Russia receded from the American consciousness as we became mired in our own polarized politics. And
it lost its place in the great game of geopolitics, its significance dwarfed not just by the U.S. but also by the
rising giants of China and India. That view was always naive. Russia is central to our world—and the new
world that is being bom. It is the largest country on earth; it shares a 2,600-mile (4,200 km) border with
China; it has a significant and restive Islamic population; it has the world’s largest stockpile of weapons of
mass destruction and a lethal nuclear arsenal; it is the world’s second largest oil producer after Saudi Arabia;
and it is an indispensable player in whatever happens in the Middle East. For all these reasons， if Russia fails，
all bets are off for the 21st century. And if Russia succeeds as a nation-state in the family of nations, it will
owe much of that success to one man, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin.
(3) No one would label Putin a child of destiny. The only surviving son of a Leningrad factory worker, he
was bom after what the Russians call the Great Patriotic War, in which they lost more than 26 million people.
The only evidence that fate played a part in Putin’s story comes from his grandfather’s job: he cooked for
Joseph Stalin, the dictator who inflicted ungodly terrors on his nation.
(4) When this intense and brooding KGB agent took over as President of Russia in 2000, he found a
country on the verge of becoming a failed state. With dauntless persistence, a sharp vision of what Russia
• 147 •,s '
should become and a sense that he embodied the spirit of Mother Russia, Putin has put his country back on
the map. And he intends to redraw it himself. Though he will step down as Russia's President in March, he
will continue to lead his country as its Prime Minister and attempt to transform it into a new kind of nation,
beholden to neither East nor West.
(S)TIME's Person of the Year is not and never has been an honor. It is not an endorsement. It is not a
popularity contest. At its best, it is a clear-eyed recognition of the world as it is and of the most powerful
individuals and forces shaping that world—for better or for worse. It is ultimately about leadership—bold, earth
changing leadership. Putin is not a boy scout. He is not a democrat in any way that the West would define it.
He is not a paragon of free speech. He stands, above all, for stability一stability before freedom, stability before
choice, stability in a country that has hardly seen it for a hundred years. Whether he becomes more like the
man for whom his grandfather prepared blinis—who himself was twice TIME'S Person of the Year—or like
Peter the Great, the historical figure he most admires; whether he proves to be a reformer or an autocrat who
takes Russia back to an era of repression_ this we will know only over the next decade. At significant cost to
the principles and ideas that free nations prize, he has performed an extraordinary feat of leadership in
imposing stabilily on a nation that has rarely known it and brought Russia back to the table of world power.
For that reason， Vladimir Putin is 77Af£’s 2007 Person of the Year.
1. Which of the following statements contains a metaphor?
A. It was the U.S.'s dark twin. B. Whether he becomes more like the man...
C. He embodied the spirit of Mother Russia. D. Russia succeeds as... in the family of nations.
2. What is the role of the second paragraph in the development of the topic?
A. To show Russia has the largest territory on earth.
B. To describe how strong Russia still is in the world.
C. To offer supporting details to the preceding paragraph.
D. To provide an introduction to the following paragraphs.
3. TIMERS Person of the Year is _____ •
A. a great honor given by the whole world
B. an endorsement offered by a certain organization
C. a popularity competition organized by the TIME
D. public recognition of the most powerful individual
4. According to the author, Putin9s success as a president is mainly the result of .
A. national prosperity and world's peace B. the country's possession of wealth
C. his adherence to the policy of stability D. the people’s admiration for his courage
5. What kind of country was Russia when Putin took over as the President in 2000?
(答案解析见P152)
答案令解析
Passage 49
1. 丨C】【解析I 第 1段第2 句表明C 中的battery-powered utility vehicles与原文不符，故选C。第 1段首句提到,
(波波人）日程在掌上电W的安排下井然有序，而且可以对着滑盖手机聊天，可见A、B 符合文意，故排除；该
段第2 句提到，他们为环境忧虑着，D 也符合文意，故排除。
2. 1B1【解析】第2段首句提到，……他们富足而繁忙的生活似乎是舒适享受与道德良知……的有效结合故可推
断 B 符合题意 A 中的peace在文中没有对应信息点；第 4 段倒数第3 句中的view their jobs as
intellectua丨， even spiritual表明C 中的lack表述不对；第2 段末句表明D错。
• 148 •Part❿ 62篇阅读分类特训
3. [D ]【解析】第 5段中的company man是指公司的雇员，而不是管理人员；此外,文中并没有关于他们“顽固、守
旧"的描述，故选D 第5段第2 句提到，如果你去调査人们对于性、道德、休闲和T.作的态度，会发现丨?(分反
传统的叛逆者和维护传统的企业人士越来越难这说明A“支持传统的人”和C“反传统主义者”厲于波波
人，故排除；第6 段首句提到，这些波波人只不过是普通中产阶级，排除B
4. They view it as intellectual and spiritual.
【解析】第 4段先引述波波人的“创新奇人”“学习者”等外号，接禮乂提到，波波人视T.作为智力型甚至是精神型
的，题FI中的think of their work等M于原文的view their jobs,故as后的两个形容阆intellectual和 spiritual正是
波波人对工作的养法，答案为 They view it as intellectual and spiritual..
Passage 50 .............................................................................................................................
1. [B丨【解析】第 1段指出，托尔斯泰的作品难惝，是因为他那个不经意的设想“t 界是如间他看到的那个样子”；
“他怎么想就怎么说”；而且他对生活的认识非常全16丨据此可以推断作者的意图是说托尔斯泰的作品非常
贴近实际生活，而 B 的表述最贴近原文意思，故为答案。
2. [C】【解析】第 1段指出托尔斯泰的作品贴近实际生活；第 2 段说他崇拜處理，而且并不理会别人的观点和看
法这些就表明托尔斯泰为人很真挚、很实在，可以看出作者对他持肯定态度，只有C 的表述与原文相符。
第2 段和第3 段也指出了托尔斯泰不理会常规、在写作中使用真假对立的例子，但作者并没有作出评论，故
A、B、D 不正确。
3. [A ]【解析】第2段第2 句指出，在《忏悔朵》中，他动人地描述了他中年时代思想著名的“转变”,这是他早期褚神
生活发展的高潮这说明《忏悔录》只是托尔斯泰早期精神生活发展的产物，却是他中年时代的作品，故选A。
4. His early spiritual life.
【解析】根据题目中的conversion定位到第2 段第2句。该句指出，他中年时代思想著名的“转变”，是其早期精神
生活发展的高潮，而不是对他早期楮神生活的背离，可见转变是从早期褚神生活发展IW来，答案为His early
spiritual life。
Passage 51
1. |C ]【解析】第2 段第5 句指出，在他把车停人车位之前，后面出现了一辆车，迅速地钻人了那个车位。后文紧接
着出现That’s dirty pool,据此可以判定dirty pool指的是前文提到的抢车位的不正当行为，所以选C。
2. 丨A】【解析】A 中用到了 as if,这是典型•的明喻修辞，故选A
3. [D】【解析】倒数第2 段作者指出对那位男子的评价：“他才是个男人”，并且作者为此还在门廊前停留了一会，
眼里含着泪水3 暗示作者为这个男子勇于承认错误的男子汉气概而感动，故选D。
4. They had the sensitivity to let it go at that.
【解析】第 6段末句指出，当作者说出整个事件的时候，他的妻子和朋友的共同反应是had the sensitivity to let it
go at that, 意即“他们体谅地不去多问了 ”, that指代作者讲述的事情。故答案可直接引用原文的They had the
sensitivity to let it go at that.
Passage 52
1.丨C |【解析丨根据第5、6 段，作者并没冇提及照顾其饮食和服装，所以选C ,第5段倒数第2 句提到“安排汽车、
提供飞机票”即A,第6 段说到“安排候补队员并为她加油”即B 和D,故均可排除
2•丨D ]【解析】第 7段末句提到，尽管Christine所在的校队未能取得进人全国赛的资格，但她却获得了，故选D。
A、B、C 分别在第丨段第2 句、第2 段倒数第3 句以及第7段倒数第2 句提到，均符合文意。
3. [C】【解析】第 1段开始说She almost did nol run.其后使川过去时,Christine是站在现在的角度回忆当时比
赛的前后经过，这种写作手法为倒叙，即C。
4. Drunk driving.
【解析】第3段简述了车祸的经过，而第4 段第2 句提到驾车者由于酒后驾车和无证驾驶受到起诉，据此可判断醉
酒驾驶是导致车祸的直接原因，答案为Drunk driving
• 149 •专八阅读
Passage 53 .............................................- * - *..................................................- .....................
1. [C |【解析】第 2 段讲作荇进人截地后发现不论贫富、性别、职业、美丑、死后皆葬人墓中，而第3 段提到，作者
发现墓地碑文各异，夸大其词者、故弄玄虚者、不得要领者皆有之。据此可知，第3 段是第2 段的向然延续
和逻辑发展，故选C。
2. [A |【解析】第 3 段虽提到某些碑文夸张，但并不是每块碑文都夸大其词，故可轻易确定A 表述冇误，故选A。
由上一段结论第可知B、C 均符合文意，故不选；D 在该段倒数第2 句中有体现，也不选。
3 . 丨B】【解析】最后一段首句便提到作者very delighted with several modem epitaphs,何来不开心？故选B 根据
文章大意可知C 碑上有碑文”符合文意；再分析第4 段首句do honor to the living as well as to the
dead.即A“纪念死者和生者”符合文意；第 4 段还提到外国人容易从公众纪念碑和铭文中，对一个民族产生
或无知或苻教养的印象，即D“墓志铭反映人们对一个国家的印象”也符合文意。
4. \lood.
【解析】根据上下文可知，当作者心情不好的时候就去教堂走动，所以humor应表“心情”之义，故答案为Mood。
Passage 54
1 . 丨B ]【解析】答题时应考虑文章文体判断，常见的说明文一般发展脉络为“总-分”或“总- 分_总”，就第4 段的结
构而言，应是“总- 分”，故选B。A“以某种次序排序三个例子”无原文依据;C“提出三个不相似的例子”与原
文不符;D “给出明显相反的例证”也与文中三个例子的逻辑关系不符，故均可排除。
2 . 【A1【解析】第 1段第4 句提到，在他的创作过程中，他几乎吸取了所有这些风格的成分，由此可推出A 错误，
故选A。B 可在原文找到同义表述;C 可在第4 段找到;D 是第1段第4 句的同义替换，均不能选。
3 . 【B j【解析】本文主要讲述了 Coltrane在Jazz方面的地位并描绘了他在音乐上的探索，很明显作者对Cokrane
持积极态度，故应选B,
4. Abandon7Get rid of.
【解析】仔细分析第2 段，可以发现bebop对Coltrane -直都有影响，所以他并没有完全投弃bebop,故答案可为
Abandon 或 Get rid of,,
Passage 55
1 . 丨D I【解析】该段原句意为“一旦出版商对自己的书感兴趣并拿到预付款.他就可以开始写作了”，所以pm up
应该表示“开始动手做”，故选D。
2. [A ]【解析丨A 用 took off飞行”来表示sales“销售额”的提升，使用了隐喻，故选A。
3. [C ]【解析】本文主要介绍了 的作者Peter Benchley的生平，简述了而 似 的创作背景及给Benchley带来
的巨大成功和给美国人民带来的巨大冲击力，因此是特写，故选C。
4. Writer, editor, speechwriter, naturalist and conservationist.
【解析】从第1段 、第 8 段和第17段 ，可以发现Benchley - 生中与过作家（writer )、编辑（editor )、白宫演讲的撰
稿人（speechwriter)、白然主义再（naturalist)和环保主义荇（conservationist),故答案为 Writer, editor, speechwriter,
naturalist and conservationist
Passage 56
1. [B1【解析】第 1段中介绍McDeere的情况时，文中没有提及B“背景”。
2 . 丨1)丨【解析】第3 段描述f 公司对McDeere的调査细节其中包括这位学生已经收到了几家公司的接收意向，
他拒绝考试作弊，不接受可卡W等。对照四个选项，这些细节并不局限于一方面，而是全面细致的，故选D
3 . 丨C ]【解析】文章谈到，公司招人宁缺毋滥，请特丁.秘密调査，不招黑人，由此可排除A、B、D。
4 . 丨 【解析】原文最后一段首句称，“正好两点半时有人敲门”，可见前来应聘的人很准时，A 正确,
§. A private intelligence outfit in Bethesda.
【解析】第 3 段第2 句中的it指的是首句中提到的a labeled “Mitchell Y. McDeere—Harvaid”，这是该公司掌振
的有关应聘者McDeere的资料，由prepared by可知它是从在W塞斯达的私人怙报机构的一些前中央情报局的特
T.那里获得这些资料。接荇第3 句说他们是这家公司的客户，每年免费为它做这种调査研究，由此可见调杏研究
• 150 .Part 〇 62篇阅读分类特训
McDeere的机构是位于贝塞斯达的私人情报机构，答案为A private intelligence outfit in Bethesda。
Passage 5 7 .......................................
1 . 丨B j【解析】第 1段描写那只狐狎:时说它sly,即cunning之意，排除A;说它对March开枪“毫不在意”，排除C;
首句就说它让人恼火，排除D。文中未说它多么凶猛，故 B“凶猛的”不是那只狐狸的特征或神态，是答案。
2. |A |【解析】March与狐®短兵相接，狐狸的眼神让March如着魔一般；它冋眸一望，更使March头脑一片空白，
只是不由主地向狐狸消失的方向走去。文中用到了 abstractedly, mindlessness,均与A“空白，迷茫”相对应。
3 . 丨C ]【解析】文京最后展示了 March对狐狸长相的深刻印象，突出了两者间的“相知”,C“亲近感”符合文章的含义。
4. An overall impression of mystery.
【解析】纵观全文可以发现，作W在营造一种神秘的氛围—— 狐狸若隐若现，March追踪狐狸的心理和过程也是神
秘莫测，故本题答案吋表述为An overall impression of mystery
Passage 58 .............................. ....
L [A ]【解析】第 1 段第 4 句说 The whole narrative of her death revolted him and it revolted him to think that
he had ever spoken to her of what he held sacred,这里两次用到 re volt(厌恶，反感）一词，因此 A(厌恶）
符合此意，为正确答案。
2• 丨D】【解析】最后一段提到，当Duffy先生坐在房间里回想与“她”的往事吋，He began to feel ill at ease. He
asked himself what else could he have done. He could not have lived with her openly. He had done
what seemed to him best. How was he to blame?从这里我们可以看出他处于一种自责、懊悔的情绪之
中。因此D符合此意，为正确答案。
3. [C】【解析】第1段第4句讲到…he had ever spoken to her of what he held sacred，由此可知他曾经十分信任她，
故可排除 A。第 6 句说 Not merely had she degraded herself;she had degraded him 这表明他感到非常羞
耻，故可排除B;该段还提到Duffy先生和“她"的一次冲突，她的悄绪爆发了，而 Duffy先生比以往都要更
苛刻地理解那次唭件，可见他们之间的关系可能因为该冲突而疏远，故排除D。本段ffi然提到了“她”情绪爆
发，但仅凭这些信息，难以看出她是否想结束这段关系，故C 屈于过度推断，为答案。
4. In a cautious manner.
【解析】丨丨丨第1段第5 句The cautious words of a reporter… 可知，记者在用词上是很滿慎的，可见记者是用滿慎
的方式来写该女人的死亡，故答案为In a cautious manner。
Passage 59
1. [C】【解析】第 1段提到，那些有快乐童年的幸运儿在ft己家乡的街道上开车时会冋忆起当年的美好时光，而别
的人回老家是因为有事，他们会尽快离开雷在自己家乡克兰顿只待了 15分钟就急着想走了，所以他M于
第二类人，而不是“有快乐童年”的人。所以选择C。
2. [A】【解析】文中说Ray的家乡的人们遵守圣经的生活传统，容易看出此地既religious又traditional,可轻松排
除 B、C。第6 段开头说此地as lifeless as the streets leading to it,并说这天是Sabbath“安息日”，各零售•商
店、银行等都停止背业。可见这里很“宁静"，故答案是
3. [B ]【解析】从他对父母的态度来看，他们的关系是很疏远的。他很多年没有去给妈妈扫墓。提起他爸爸时，也给
人一种十分漠然的感觉，故选B。文章并没有提到Ray与父母有矛盾或者关系紧张，排除C;A“亲密的”、D
“和谐的”，也不符题意，因为文中说Ray多年未给母亲扫慕，疏离的情感讲述得很明白。
4. Because it was closed to refuse black children.
【解析】根据题目中的the public pool，summer和 1969定位到第5段第2 句。该句说他每年S 天都在公共游泳池
游泳，除了 1969年，接荇when引导定语从句修饰先行词1969,说出他那年没有在公共游泳池游泳的原因：市政府
因不准许黑人孩子进入而关闭了游泳池c该处rather than意为“而不是'rather than admit其实就是“不准许进入”
之义，可见答案为 Because it was closed to refiise black children。
Passage 60
1. [A ]【解析】根据第 2 段中的 the ocean liner Carpathia， which rescued 706 survivors 可知，A 正确
• 151 •2 .【B】【解析】第8 段提到，日记中的信息使人们得以重新构建部分悲惨的历史场面;Hosono的家庭希望能借曰
记还家族名字一个淸丨4 ;Titanic基金会希望借助日记和电影为他们即将开始的展览推波助澜，由此可推
出，B 为答案
丄 [C1【解析】本文以第三人称追述r 日本幸存者Hosono的经历，讲述了与其日记发现相关的方方面面，由文中
描述可见，作者对Hosono的态度始终是不褒不贬、保持中立的，因此选C。
4. On his way to New York after having been rescued.
【解析】本题椎•点在于对原文steamed to safety in New York的理解 steamed to相当于sailed to,safety ft此指
相对于沉船现场而言的“安全区”，整个结构意为“乘船到纽约的安全区”，由此可知，日记是写在Hosono被援救后
去纽约的路上，故答案为 On his way to New York after having been rescued。
5. Because the culture of shame was especially strong then.
【解析】第5段提到，当Hosono回到东京时，人们纷纷猜疑指责他掠夺了别人的生存机会，这种做法有悖于当时U
本人强烈的荣辱观，可见荣醇观是导致他被指责的原W , 答案可槪括为Because the culture of shame was
especially strong th e n 注意，掠夺别人也存机会只是一种猜疑，不是Hosono iff指赍的原W
Passage 61
1. [D]【解析】文章第1段很生动地引人故爷，第2段开始详细介绍故私的主角Nigel Kennedy,所以D是正确答案
2• 丨C ]【解析】Kennedy在条件欠佳的渡船丄:坚持表演以及他从小学练墘术等事说明他的坚持和勤命，处理同名
之事说明他的幽默，所以，选项A、B 和D都不选，选项C 是正确答案
3. [C ]【解析】第9段第1句指出Kennedy通过为热衷魔术的人开办邮购彳k务来增加收人，所以选项C 是正确答案
4. Audience participation.
【解析】根据题目中的Kennedy’s success定位到第4段第1句 该 句指 出 Morgan认为Kennedy成功的关键ft于
“观众的参与”，故答案为Audience participation
5. Because pushing a computer screen can create a magic effect.
【解析】根据题目中的fewer children定位到第9 段，该段指出，越来越少的小孩愿学魔术，如今他们可以通过电脑
屏輅创造魔术效果，接荇用why learn a magic trick指出用不着学魔术，限于字数要求，答案可改写为Because
pushing a computer screen can create a magic effect
6. He is the best children's entertainer.
【解析】根据题目中的peer magicians定位到第丨0 段。该段第1句说Kennedy的技艺受到同行魔术师的认nT,他
们最近选他为最会给儿童带来娱乐的人，可见答案为He is the best children’s entertainer
Passage 6 2 ........................
1 . 【A】【解析】此题考査四个选项中哪一句是暗喻。I丨was the U.S.’s dark丨win.“它是美国黑暗的孪生兄弟”,这
句话把前苏联比作美国的孪生兄弟，表明这两个闰家有相同之处，是暗喻
2. [D1【解析】此题询问第2段在文章结构中的功能这段最后一句是过渡句，对我们解答此题起关键作用从此
句我们可以舂出第2 段对俄国在国际社会中的®要影响力的描述其实都是为普京的出场做充足的铺窀，
因此D 是正确答案
3 . 丨D】【解析丨从题f 中77Af£’s Person of the Year可定位到原文诚后一段其中第4、5 句话明确告诉我们时代
杂志年度人物评选出的是最有力tt和势力的个人，因此正确答案是Du
4. [C】【解析】从文章最后一段的第9 句我们可以得出普京担任总统这一职务成功的原因，即 He stands, above
all, for stability(他把维稳放在首要位置），所以此越正确答案是C。
5. A country on the ver^e of becoming ii failed state.
【解祈】根据题目中的took over as the President in 2000定位到第4 段首句。该句中的KGB agent指的就是
Putin,他认为俄国是一个濒临失败的国家，可见答案是A country on the verge of becoming a failed state
• 152 •76篇阅读模拟集训SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section there are four passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple
choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B9 C and D. Choose the one that you think is
the best answer
Passage One
(l)If there was a pub where you could drink your fill and leave the hangover
主 题：环境保护
with the landlord, would you go there? Idle dreaming, but this is the deal in the
字 数：686 world of carbon accounting, where responsibility is shared out among countries, and
建议用时分钟 targets set for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
(2)If I want to own and enjoy a cheap, garage-sized TV, all the fossil fuel
emissions that result from making it don't get added to my home account, but to the country of manufacture,
mosl probably thed eveloping countries.
(3) As a result, the origins of demand and the place of consumption become insulated from environmental
consequences.
(4) Worse still, as the latest, most comprehensive set of figures on the hidden trade in “embodied carbon”
reveal, it allows countries such as the UK and the US to delude themselves, by suggesting that the real
problems in tackling climate change lay elsewhere, and to dangerously misunderstand the scale of domestic
challenges.
(5) It allows us to think that, even if too slowly, we are heading in the right downward direction in terms
of our emissions. When in fact the more comprehensive, latest figures reveal that the UK's C02 emissions
didn't fall by 28m tonnes between 1W0 and 2(K)8 at all, as the official record indicates, but rose by a
substantial l(K)m tonnes. Rich country emissions went up 12% over the period when hidden, traded emissions
are included, and anomalies such as Russia, whose economy collapsed in the early 199()s, are left out.
(6) Trade's share of the global economy increased steadily in the last two decades and emissions from the
production of traded goods and services rose from one fifth to more than one quarter of global C02 emissions.
(7) The UK has targets under the Kyoto protocol, and legal obligations under the Climate Change Act to
reduce emissions. But the benchmark against which those targets and obligations are set excludes this t4off-
shored” carbon. Using a faulty accounting system creates a kind of Alice in Climate Wonderland world in
which up is down, the wrong people take the blame and the kingdom is never put in order.
(8) Enter the government’s “green deal”， a centrepiece of the coalition’s pledge to be the greenest t
government ever, which is about to arrive for scrutiny in the House of Commons.
(9) Like a spoon of sugar at the Hatter's tea party, it will allow motivated households to install home ；
insulation and pay off the cost over time through their fuel bills.
(10) Farliament*s environmental audit committee is currently investigating whether there are contradictions
between how the UK addresses climate change in its aid programme, and how we behave at home.
(11)T he contradiction is so large that p>erhaps it is difficult to see. It is the economic model itself. It
demands ever more damaging over-consumption by the already rich to deliver shrinking, unreliable benefits to
the poor. It’s a model in which most benefits accrue to the former, yet without significantly improving life
satisfaction, and costs, to the latter. Economic insult is merely added to environmental injury that a large
• 154 •Part❿ 76篇阅读模拟集训
proportion of our current carbon debts (let alone larger historical ones) are borne by others because of an
accounting quirk.
(12) Other downright peculiarities emerge, such as the boomerang trade, which sees the U K importing and
exporting often near identical amounts of goods, like sending 5,000 tonnes of toilet paper to Germany，then
importing 4,000 tonnes.
(13) Apart from failing on its own terms and being distorted by faulty measurement, the model—rising
overall consumption fuelled by debt and export-led development—assumes endless supplies of cheap oil and
infinite natural resources. Neither are available.
(14) Last week saw commentators obsessed with minor fluctuations in the U K ’s G D P ，a measure of the
quantity，not quality, of economic activity. “Recovery” has become synonymous with the return of rising
consumption. In trying to revive a flawed and failing economic order, however, we appear as sad romantics,
rather like those diehard Russians who still dream with misplaced memories of a golden age, for the return of
the tsars or “strong” communist party leaders，rather than looking forward and imagining how the world could
be different, better.
1. Which of the following facts does NOT arise from the current carbon accounting system?
A. Countries of manufacture are taking more responsibilities for carbon emissions.
B. Rich countries underestimate the seriousness of their own carbon emissions.
C. Rich countries mistakenly believe that they have reduced carbon emissions.
D. Rich countries realize that the problem of carbon emissions is getting worse.
2. The sentence t4... creates a kind of Alice in Climate Wonderland world..." in Paragraph Seven implies
that _____ •
A. import-led countries take less responsibilities than they should
B. export-led countries are to blame for traded carbon emissions
C. export-led countries produce more carbon emissions
D. import-led countries produce more carbon emissions
3. From the passage we can infer that _____ .
A. people’s living standards have been improved greatly in the U K
B. the gap between the rich and poor is widening in the U K
C. economy has been developing steadily in the U K
D. the U K copies Russia's pattern in economic recovery
Passage Two
(l)You know things are bad when the nation loses 11，000 jobs in November and
主 题：社会就业 Americans are oveijoyed. Sure, unemployment has come down a meager 0.2 percent
字 数：694 to put us at 10 percent，but that’s still the worst level in decades. And more
建议用时：10分钟 important, there's no real end in sight. Even if jobs start to come back sooner than
expected— which may happen as more stimulus money starts to kick in— U.S.
unemployment is likely to remain high for years to come, as much as 7 or 8 percent even into next year. “The
average American will not be better.off in five years~unemployment will remain high and wage growth will continue
to be flat,” says George Soros, who forecast an “age of wealth destruction” four months before the crisis hit.
(2)But in this recovery, flat is the new up. Any near-term uptick in jobs will probably be small, because
there’s still plenty to be milked from existing workers. November’s numbers show that the average workweek
is only 33 hours, giving bosses plenty of room to crack the whip before hiring new employees. And one big
reason for the November surprise was that the Obama administration has spent billions making sure job losses
weren't worse. Even if the administration diverts bank-bailout money to support small businesses, as has been
• 155 •专八阅读
suggested, it will be impossible to replicate the stimulus surge of this year. Growing debts simply don't allow
Washington to spend much more.
⑶ One of the key differences between this recession and past ones is that credit has remained so tight for
so long. Even though interest rates remain as low as they were in the easiest years of easy money，the cash
simply isn't flowing. This is particularly devastating for the small businesses that create two thirds of America's
new jobs; they depend largely on bank loans, which have tailed off 17 percent since last year. Nobel Prize
winning economist Joseph Stiglitz, who attended Obama’s recent jobs conference in Washington, notes that
small-business owners also tend to raise capital via home refinancing and credit cards. Now that the mortgage
market has collapsed, and credit limits are being slashed and rates raised to 30 percent, neither of those
options are viable. “There’s simply no magic bullet for jump-starting job creation right now，” says Stiglitz.
(4) Meanwhile，globalization continues to take a toll, even on white-collar jobs. Emerging markets like
China and Brazil have come out of the financial crisis richer and stronger; their better-educated, more-
productive workers are increasingly able to perform jobs higher up the food chain. A recent McKinsey Global
Institute report found that 71 percent of U.S. workers hold jobs for which there is decreasing demand,
increasing supply, or both. Even million-dollar-a-year McKinsey consultants should be worried; how much
longer will it be before $2(X),(KX)-a-year partners at India's Infosys eat their lunch?
(5) The cultural and political implications are sobering. Studies show that high unemployment has disastrous
consequences for civic engagement. Depressed, laid-off people retreat from their churches，schools，and ballot
boxes, an effect that is viral. “Having ever been unemployed makes you permanently less connected to your
community，” says Harvard professor Robert Putnam, author of Bowling Alone, the bestseller on social
disengagement in America nearly a decade ago. Consider that unemployment among black men ages 16 to 19
stands at a devastating 57 percent, up from 34 percent in November two years ago. Couple this with the fact
that the crisis may exacerbate the gap between rich and poor，which has been widening since the 1980s，and
you have a situation ripe for ugly, populist politics.
(6) Any long-term fixes will mean focusing on primary-and-secondary-school education, to ensure a globally
competitive workforce, and on affordable health care for all to help buffer wage inequality. Neither is simple
or cheap. But they are crucial if Americans want to maintain their standard of living. A new Fidelity survey
found that one in four workers aged 22 to 33，part of this new recession generation, now say they want to
stay with the same employer for life, up from last year’s 14 percent. It’s a touching commitment. The question
is how many employers are really looking to get hitched.
4. The sentence M... giving bosses plenty of room to crack the whip before hiring new employees.1' in the
second paragraph implies that _____ •
A. employers are unwilling to hire more workers B. employers treat their employees cruelly
C. employees are not working very hard D. employees are being exploited by employers
5. Which of the following does NOT contribute to the high unemployment rate in America?
A. Economic recession. B. A downturn in small businesses.
C. Competitive foreign workforce. D. Inadequate government aid.
6. From the fourth paragraph, we can infer that _____ •
A. globalization has a negative impact on employment in America
B. American employees are less competitive than foreign workers
C. foreign workforce has entered the American job market
D. American employees are less competent for many jobs
7. Which of the following best describes the author’s development of argument?
A. introducing the issue—► making suggestions to deal with the issue—♦ analyzing the consequences—► offering
reasons.
B. describing the actual status —► analyzing the consequences—^making suggestions to deal with the issue—►
• 156 •Part❿ 76篇阅读模拟集训
offering reasons.
C. introducing the issue — offering reasons —► making suggestions to deal with the issue —analyzing the
consequences.
D. describing the actual status—► offering reasons— analyzing the consequences—► making suggestions to deal
with the issue.
Passage Three
-------------------V (l)We've spent more than 60 years dissecting Willy Loman, the character artfully
主 题：社会文化 sketched by Arthur Miller in Death of a Salesman. Willy is, perhaps, America's
字 数:722
consummate loser. But if you can bear with me for one moment, imagine he lived in
建议用时：10分钟
current times, not amid the postwar prosperity of 1949. Sure, his career was ebbing,
L------
but Willy kept a job for 38 years, he owned his house—he had just made the last
mortgage payment一and had a wife and two children. Today he'd be a survivor.
(2)Has our view of failure softened since Willy Loman’s day? In a country with a high level of unem
ployment, and where promotions, bonuses, and retirement savings seem like relics, failure is something many of
us are wrestling with right now. But if we begin to accept that success is not a simple, upward career route,
this economic crisis may not just reduce the stigma of being sacked but transform the way we think of failing.
Shocking as it sounds, failure can be a good thing.
(3) It’s true, recessions can wreck self-esteem. In a nation built on success and a gloriously entrepreneurial
spirit, the prospect of failure can make people fearful—and shameful—even when it is not their fault. “There is
a crash in every generation，" wrote Arthur Miller in 2005, just before he died， “sufficient to mark us with a
kind of congenital fear of failure.” Miller was commenting on a wonderful hook by historian Scott Sandage
called Bom Losers: A History of Failure in America. Sandage believes Willy Loman was a success. But the
message of the play, he says, is that Mif you are not continuing upwards, if you level off, you have to give
up. You might as well not live.”
(4) In his book，Sandage argues that America’s ideas about failure were formed between 1819 and 1893, as
busts followed a series of speculative booms. Before then，failure was not associated with individual identity. It
just happened to you. Bankruptcy was thought to come from overreach—living excessively—not from lack of
ambition. By the end of the 19th century, says Sandage, failure had gone from being a professional misfortune
to “a name for a deficient self，an identity in the red.” Ralph Waldo Emerson expressed this in his journal in
1842: “Nobody fails who ought not to fail. There is always a reason, in the man, for his good or bad
fortune.” By the middle of the last century, at the time Willy Loman was hawking his wares, Americans could
not face “the possibility of defeat in one’s personal life or one’s work without being morally destroyed，”
according to sociologist David Riesman. This foolish, dangerous idea is under assault right now. Should
financial success really be a moral imperative? Why do we think that an ordinary kind of life is of lesser
worth? Studies have found that our most potent emotional experiences come from relationships, not careers. Those
who work in caw (临终关怀）report that，on their deathbeds，most people don’t regret not having
clambered a rung higher, but having worked too hard, and having lost touch with friends.
(5) And history shows it is only when the economy is in the mud that Americans feel free to do what
they want to do. As the author J. K. Rowling said so concisely in her 2008 address to Harvard graduates,
failure can mean a “stripping away of the inessential." When she was an impoverished single mother，she
started to write her magical tales: “I stopped pretending to myself that I was anything other than what I was，
and began to direct all my energy into finishing the only work that mattered to me.M This doesn't mean it is
an uplifting experience to be unemployed，of course. But it may mean we ease up on some of the judgment
that springs from the false idea that a person without a job has not just hit bad luck or a poor economy— but
is a failure.
• 157 •专八阅读
(6)It may also mean we can accept plateaus, understand that a life has troughs we can climb out of, and
that a long view is the wisest one. A recession is a great reminder that all of us need to learn.
8. According to Sandage, in the beginning people attributed one9s bankruptcy to •
A. his moral deficiency B. his lack of ambition
C. his flawed personality D. his excessive pursuit
9. The quote from J. K. Rowling ' failure can mean a stripping away of the inessential" (Para. 5) implies
that _____•
A. only when trapped in life, can one know the benefits of failure
B. those who survive a failure have nothing to fear
C. failure can help us to focus on the real meaningful things
D. failure is an indispensable experience on the road to success
10. In the passage, the author holds the following opinions EXCEPT _____ .
A. we shouldn't regard failure as an utter shame B. failure is an inspiring and uplifting experience
C career success doesn’t necessarily mean a perfect life D. life is naturally a process of ups and downs
■ Passage Four1
(1) Like many campuses, Purdue University has some traditional hot spots for
主 题：校园恋爱
romance— “The Old Pump，” where couples used to meet after dark, and a bell tower
字 数:781
known as a lucky place to propose marriage.
建议用时：丨()分钟
(2) But engineering major A m y Penner has been so busy volunteering with a
L--------------------J
women’s engineering group and planning her career that she’s only dimly aware of
them. Her boyfriend has left campus to get a doctorate overseas; asked how much time she spends dating, she
says, “That would be zero.”
(3) Remember the movie “Love Story" and its star-crossed student lovers? Such torrid campus romances
may be becoming a thing of the past. College life has become so competitive, and students so focused on
careers, that many aren't looking for spouses anymore.
(4) Replacing college as the top marital hunting ground is the office. Only 14% of people who are married
or in a relationship say they met their partners in school or college, says a recent Harris Interactive study of
2,985 adults; 18% met at work. That’s a reversal from 15 years ago, when 23% of married couples reported
meeting in school or college and only 15% cited work, according to a study of 3,432 adults by the University
of Chicago twenty years ago.
(5) Gone are the days when sororities and dorms marked engagements with candle-passing ceremonies while
men serenaded beneath the windows.
(6) Even at tradition-steeped Transylvania University, a 228-year-old institution in Lexington, Ky., an old
white ash called “The Kissing Tree,” cited in 2003 by the Chronicle of Higher Education as one of the most
romantic spots on campuses, is no longer an “icon of intimacy，” says Richard Thompson， a longtime
Transylvania professor and dean. Lucie Hartmann, 21，a senior，says “no one utilizes” the spot for romance;
like most students，she’s intent on “using college to set a foundation for a career.”
(7) Researchers cite a couple of factors. Young adults are delaying marriage, for one thing. In the past 15
years, men’s median age at first marriage has risen by 1.2 years to 27.5, and by 1.4 years for women, to
25.5, the highest in more than a century. Census Bureau data show.
(8) Also at work is “credential inflation”一an increase in the qualifications required for many skilled jobs,
says Janet Lever, a sociology professor at California State University, Los Angeles. Many young adults want
the flexibility to relocate freely and immerse themselves in new work and educational opportunities before
making room for marriage and family. As a result, students favor “light relationships that aren't going to
compromise where they go to grad school or which job they take，” she says.
• 158 •Part® 76篇阅读模拟集训
(9) Cody Cheetham，22，a Purdue senior，is looking for a marketing job after she graduates in May and
plans on getting an MBA. “A lot of us don’t even know where we’re going to be living six months after we
graduate，” she says. "We don’t want to bring another person into the chaos of our lives."
(10) If you're a parent, you may be wondering what all this means. Such sordid campus-life portrayals as
Tom Wolfe’s “I A m Charlotte Simmons” aside，the news about students’ social lives isn’t all bad. To be sure，
the “hookup culture”一the campus trend toward casual sexual behavior, usually linked with alcohol and no
expectations of a continuing relationship— is rife. Some 76% of college students have engaged in hookups,
which usually stop short of intercourse, according to a study of 4,000 students by Stanford University sociology
professor Paula England. Students report having had an average 6.9 hookups and only 4.4 traditional dates by
their senior year.
(11) On the bright side，more students are having fun on group dates; also，deep, but platonic，male-female
friendships are more common.
(12) Many young adults return to traditional dating after graduation，says Kathleen Bogle, author of a new
book，“Hooking Up,” based on a study of 76 students and recent alumni. Young adults “want to find a quality
person, a good person，” to marry, says Ms. Bogle, an assistant sociology professor at La Salle University in
Philadelphia, “and traditional dating is seen as a better way to do that” than hooking up.
(13) With the benefit of hindsight, though, some grads may yearn for the stretches of time on campus for
extracurricular activities and studying with the opposite sex. Julia Vasiliauskas broke up with her boyfriend at
the University of Rochester in New York soon after her 2003 graduation, then went to grad school and began
teaching near Seattle. Now that she feels ready, at 26, to find a partner, "I regret that I didn't find that person
in college—because now that I’m working，I don’t have time."
11. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of campus romantic spots?
A. The Old Pump. B. Dorms. C. An old white ash. D. A bell tower.
12. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A. College students used to date on campus romantic spots.
B. More young people find their spouses at work.
C. Student couples get engaged in their dorms.
D. College students spend little time dating now.
13. Which of the following does NOT lead to college students1 avoidance of campus romance?
A. Increasing average age for marriage. B. Keen focus on developing careers.
C. Pressure in looking for jobs. D. Lack of interest in dating.
14. According to the passage, young adults prefer to find life partners through _____ •
A. hooking up B. traditional dating C. group dating D. platonic relationship
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
In this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each
question in NO more than 10 words.
Passage One
15. What is the role of the 6th paragraph in the development of the topic?
16. How can the author^ attitude towards the UK^ economic model be described?
Passage Two
17. How can the author^ attitude towards future employment in the US be described?
18. Why will recent job opportunities be small?
• 159 •专八阅读
Passage
19. Why does the author say “Today he’d be a survivor"?
20. What resulted from a series of speculative booms according to Sandage?
Passage Four
21. What type is the movie *Love Story"?
22. What does the word *rifeM in Para.10 mean?
^答案与详解*
SECTION A
Passage One
1. [D】【解析丨根据题干定位到第2 4 段。由第2 段的例子可知，生产国成了温室气体排放的替罪羊(A);第4 段则
以U K 和U S 为例指出发达国家认为气候变暖的责任在于其他阔家，低估了国内碳排聚的挑战（B),误认为
自己国内的碳排M 正在减少(C)。 因此可以判断D 不是后果之一 ，为答案„
2. IA】【解析】根据题干定位到第7 段。该段第2 句指出“但是这一指标不包括其进口商品所产生的碳排W ”，文
中“off-shored” carbon指英国进口商品碳排由此可见，商品出U 国在为英国买单，英国没有承拘其应有
的责任，所以答案为A ^ B 与文意相反，应予以排除；同时，文中并没有将商品进口闰与出口闰的碳排M 进行
比较，W 此排除C 和D,
3. 丨B 】【解析】由丨1 段第4 句可知，在英闰不良的经济模式下，大部分的利益落人窗人的手中，而穷人付出成本，
B “贫富差距正在拉大”为合理推断，故为答案. 由该句中的without significantly improving life satisfaction
可排除A; 最后一段首句指出英国的G D P iti近出现了波动，第 2 句指出英闺经济的“复苏”被等同为消费
的间归，因此可以推断英国经济还处于复苏的阶段,C 与文意不符；D “英国模仿苏联的经济恢S 模式”尤原
文依据，本文最后只是说明了英闻和俄罗斯一样，不是积极地往前fT,而是沉浸在昔丨丨繁荣的睡梦中<,
P3SS3QG WO
4. [A1 【解析】根据题干定位到第2 段。第 3 句指出工人平均每周只工作33小时，说明老板还可以再充分利川现
有的工人而不霈要雇佣新员工,A 符合这一意思，为正确答案。
5. 丨D丨【解析】由第2 段第4 句可知美国政府提供了大世资金帮助就业，D 与原文意思相反，不是原W之一，为正
确答案。
6. |A] 【解析】根据题f 定位到第4 段。该段首句指出全球化继续给美国就业带来不好的影响，甚至影响到白领
工人，该句里的短语“take a toll”是“产生负面影响”的意思。A符合这一意思，为正确答案
7.丨 1)丨【解析】本题考丧作者的写作思路第1段指出美国11月份的失业率稍微下降，但前景不容乐观;第2 至4
段分析美闻在未来5 年内失业率将居髙不下的原W ; 第 5 段阐述失业对美闽政治和文化的影响：第 6 段提
出建议。因此全文的结构为先描述亊情，再分析原因和影响，M后提诖议，所以D 为正确答案。
Passage Three
8•丨D】【解析】根据第4 段第4 句可知，起先人们认为破产是来自于“过度地生活”，而不是由于缺乏抱负，D 中的
excessive pursuit对应原文的living excessive丨y,同时可排除B: A“道德缺陷”、C“性格缺点”是后来兴起的
对失败的不健康的归因，因此不选。
• 160 .Part ® 76篇阅读模拟集训
9. 丨C 】【解析】该句的意思是•‘失败总味蔚剥离掉对你来说无关紧要的东西”,根据第5 段首句的“只有当美国经济
深陷泥潭的时候人们才会i 做fi己想做的‘丨f情”以及罗琳H 己的话began to direct all my energy into finishing
the only work that mattered to me 可知，这句活表达的含义正是 C , 其中 real meaningful ihings 与 the
inessential相对。其他选项貌合神离，没有涉及到题干中耶句话的核心意思。
10. 【B 】【解析】B “失败是鼓舞人心、令人振奋的经历”与第5 段倒数第2 句所述相悖，该句中的to be unem
ployed 实际是 failure 的一个缩影作者通篇的观点都十分淸晰，认为我们不应该太 羽•重亊业上的成功与
否，对于失败也不要过于羞愧与自责，A 与此意相符。从第4 段末作者讲到很多人在临死前不后悔自己没
有在事业上到达一定高度，只会后悔疏远了朋友，可见C 也是作者的观点。最后一段作者说到人生会有
plateaus(喻指高峰）和troughs(喻指低谷），D 的ups and downs与之符合。
Passage Four
11. [B]【解析】根据题干中的campus romantic spots和选项内容定位到第1、5 、6 段。根据第1 段和第6 段第1
句可知“The Old Pump", a be丨丨tower和an old white ash分别是美国普渡大学和特兰西瓦尼亚大学学
生恋爱的浪漫场所第5 段提到以前大学生会在女生联谊会和宿舍举行订婚仪式，但这并不说明宿舍是
大学生恋爱的浪漫场所，所以应该选B
12. [ C]【解析】根据选项内容定位到第1-6段。第 5 段指出大学生在女生联谊会和宿舍举行订婚仪式的t丨子已
经远去，表明现在大学生不再在宿舍订婚。C 用的是现在时，表述不符合原文，为答案。由第1 段和第6 段
可知以前大学生经常在那些场所谈恋爱，故A 可以排除；第 2 段最后一句和第6 段最后一句分别引述
Am y Penner和Lucie Hartmann的话，表明现在大学生谈恋爱的时间很少，D 可以排除；第4 段用数据说
明越来越多的年轻人丁.作后再找对象，B 也可以排除
13. [D]【解析】根据题干定位到第7 、8 段。文中第7、8 段指出研究者提出的三大原因：年轻人普遍推迟结婚(A)、
许多1：作抬高人职资格(C)以及年轻人希望能A 由迁移并全身心投入工作和学习（B )。文中并没有提到
大学生对约会不感兴趣，故 D 为答案。
14. [B]【解析】根据题干定位到倒数第2 段。本段开头和末尾明确指出了许多年轻人毕业后重新回归到传统的约
会方式.认为要找到真正好的伴侣，传统的方式要胜过校园的勾搭方式，故 B 为答案。
SECTION B
Passage One
15. To offer supporting evidence to the preceding paragraph.
【解析】第5 段指出目前错误的碳排M i 己账体系导致的一个后果：发达国家误认为自己闽家碳排M 正在减少，m 事
实上把贸易碳排tt考虑在内的话，发达国家的碳排M 在 1990-2008期间上升了】2%;第 6 段讲述最近20
年里随着贸易的发展，由商品和服务贸易所产生的碳排i 占全球碳排fit的比例由原来的1/5上升到了 1/4
多0 由此可见，第6 段进一步证实了第5 段的内容，因此To offer supporting evidence to the preceding
paragraph为答案
16. Critical.
【解析】根据题目中的U K economic model定位到第11段。该段指出英国的经济模式是通过富人的过度消费使
穷人得到不断减少的、不可靠的利益；在这种模式里，大部分利益被富人获取，穷人付出大M 成本。该段中
damaging，insult,injury等同充分体现了作者对于英国经济模式的批判。同时第12、13段进一步指出了这
种经济模式的弊端：“boomerang”贸易的出现;对廉价石油和自然资源的无限需求。第 14段也指出这种经
济模式是有缺陷的（flawed)、失败的(failing)。不难看出作者对这种模式持的是一种批判的态度，故答案为
Critical。
• 161 •专八阅读
Passage Two h h h h h h
17. Pessimistic.
[解析】本题考査作者对美国就业前景的态度。第 1 段第2 句指出11月份的失业率仅下降了 0.2%,仍是几十年里
的M A 水平，第3 句指出失业近期无望好转，第4 句进_ 步指出这一状况可能持续到明年，由此可见作者
对美国的就业前景是悲观的，所以答案为Pessimistic。
18. Because there's still plenty to be milked from existing workers.
【解析丨第2 段第2 句说任何T_作岗位增加都可能极其少，因为企业仍能从现有工人的身t 挤出很多劳动时间题
M 1的recent是 near-term的同义表达，uptick in jobs相当于job opportunities, 可见该句的职W 状语
为本题答案，
Passage Three
19. Because he could make a living and support his family.
【解析】第 1 段倒数第2 句转折词but后的内容是解题关键，原文说到他至少还有一份干了 3 8 年的工作，拥有W
于自己的房子及老婆孩子。概括来说即是Willy Loman能够谋生和支撑家庭，这就是作者之所以在最后一
句说他是个幸存者的原因。故答案为Because he could make a living and support his family
20. America’s ideas about failure.
【解析】根据题目中的a series of speculative booms定位到第4 段第1 句。该句指出美国失败的槪念是在19世
纪由于 a series of speculative booms 而形成的，可见答案为 America’s ideas about failure ,
Passage Four
21. Campus romances.
【解析】根据题目中的“Love Story”定位到第3 段。该段第1 句用问句形式让读者回忆《爱的故啭》这部电影，接农
第2 句中的Such torrid campus romances指的就是“Love Story”的电影类型，故答案为Campus romances
(校园恋情）。
22. Common.
【解析】第 10段第4 句指出一项研究发现76%的大学生有与异性勾搭的经历，表明校园勾搭现象的普遍性，故
rife可以理解成common
• 162 •T e s t
SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each
multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, By C and D. Choose the one that you
think is the best answer.
Passage One
(1) On his bench in Madison Square, Soapy moved uneasily. When wild geese
主 题：文学选段
honk high of nights, and when women without sealskin coats grow kind to their
字 数：1003
husbands，and when Soapy moves uneasily on his bench in the park, you may know
建议用时：17分钟
that winter is near at hand. 2 3 4 5 6 7
(2) A dead leaf fell in Soapy’s lap. That was Jack Frost’s card. Jack is kind to
the regular denizens of Madison Square, and gives fair warning of his annual call. At the comers of four
streets he hands his pasteboard to the North Wind, footman of the mansion of All Outdoors, so that the
inhabitants thereof may make ready.
(3) Soapy’s mind became aware of the fact that the time had come for him to resolve himself into a
singular Committee of Ways and Means to provide against the coming rigour. And therefore he moved
uneasily on his bench.
(4) The hibematorial ambitions of Soapy were not of the highest. In them there were no considerations of
Mediterranean cruises，of (催眠的）Southern skies drifting in the Vesuvian Bay. Three months on the
Island was what his soul craved. Three months of assured board and bed and congenial company，safe from
Boreas and bluecoats, seemed to Soapy the essence of things desirable.
(5) For years the hospitable Blackwell’s jail had been his winter quarters. Just as his more fortunate fellow
New Yorkers had bought their tickets to Palm Beach and the Riviera each winter, so Soapy had made his
humble arrangements for his annual escape to the Island. And now the time was come. On the previous night
three Sabbath newspapers，distributed beneath his coat, about his ankles and over his lap，had failed to repulse
the cold as he slept on his bench near the spurting (喷出）fountain in the ancient square. So the Island
loomed big and timely in Soapy’s mind. He scorned the provisions made in the name of charity for the city’s
dependents. In Soapy’s opinion the Law was more benign than Philanthropy. There was an endless round of
institutions，municipal and benevolent, on which he might set out and receive lodging and food accordant with
the simple life. But to one of Soapy's proud spirit the gifts of charity are encumbered. If not in coin you
must pay in humiliation of spirit for every benefit received at the hands of philanthropy. As Caesar had his
Brutus, every bed of charity must have its toll of a bath，every loaf of bread its compensation of a private
and personal inquisition. Wherefore it is better to be a guest of the law，which though conducted by rules，
does not meddle unduly with a gentleman's private affairs.
(6) Soapy，having decided to go to the Island, at once set about accomplishing his desire. There were
many easy ways of doing this. The pleasantest was to dine luxuriously at some expensive restaurant; and then,
after declaring insolvency ( 无力模逐 ），be handed over quietly and without uproar to a policeman. An
accommodating magistrate would do the rest.
(7) Soapy left his bench and strolled out of the square and across the level sea of asphalt, where
Broadway and Fifth Avenue flow together. Up Broadway he turned, and halted at a glittering cafe，where are
gathered together nightly the choicest products of the grape, the silkworm and the protoplasm
• 163 •专八阅读
(8) Soapy had confidence in himself from the lowest button of his vest upward. He was shaven, and his
coat was decent and his neat black, ready-tied four-in-hand had been presented to him by a lady missionary on
Thanksgiving Day. If he could reach a table in the restaurant unsuspected success would be his. The portion of
him that would show above the table would raise no doubt in the waiter’s mind. A roasted duck, thought
Soapy, would be about the thing—with a bottle of Chablis, and then Camembert, a demi-tasse and a cigar.
One dollar for the cigar would be enough. The total would not be so high as to call forth any supreme
manifestation of revenge from the cafe management; and yet the meat would leave him Tilled and happy for
the journey to his winter refuge.
(9) But as Soapy set foot inside the restaurant door the head waiter's eye fell upon his frayed trousers and
decadent shoes. Strong and ready hands turned him about and conveyed him in silence and haste to the
sidewalk and averted the ignoble fate of the menaced mallard.
(10) Soapy turned off Broadway. It seemed that his route to the coveted island was not to be a luxurious
one. Some other way of entering jail must be thought of.
(11) At a comer of Sixth Avenue electric lights and cunningly displayed wares behind plate-glass made a
shop window conspicuous. Soapy took a cobble-stone and dashed it through the glass. People came running
round the comer, a policeman in the lead. Soapy stood still, with his hands in his pockets, and smiled at the
sight of brass buttons.
(12) *4Where's the man that done that?M inquired the officer excitedly.
(13) “Don’t you figure out that I might have had something to do with it?” said Soapy，not without
sarcasm, but friendly, as one greets good fortune.
(14) The policeman's mind refused to accept Soapy even as a clue. Men who smash windows do not
remain to talk with the law's minions. They take to their heels. The policeman saw a man halfway down the
block running to catch a car. With drawn club he joined in the pursuit. Soapy，with disgust in his heart,
loafed along, twice unsuccessful.
(15) On the opposite side of the street was a restaurant of no great pretensions. It catered to large
appetites and modest purses. Its crockery and atmosphere were thick; its soup and napery thin. Into this place
Soapy took his accusive shoes and tell-tale trousers without challenge. At a table he sat and consumed
beefsteak, flap-jacks, doughnuts, and pie. And then to the waiter he betrayed the fact that the minutest coin
and himself were strangers.
1. What kind of figures of speech is NOT adopted in Para. 2?
A. Metaphor. B. Personification. C. Hyperbole. D. Metonymy.
2. The italicized part in Para. 3 suggests that _____•
A. Soapy had to find a place to protect him from coldness and hunger
B. Soapy decided to make his home warmer when winter came
C. Soapy would resort to a committee to solve his problem
D. the bench was too cold and hard for Soapy to sleep on
3. Which of the following words best describes Soapy^ personality?
A. Humble. B. Confident. C. Conceited. D. Mean.
4. From Para. 5, we learn that _____ •
A. there are many charity organizations in the US
B. life is more comfortable in BlackwelKs jail than in charities
C. charities insult people who receive food and shelter from them
D. people who receive fcx)d and shelter from charity need to pay back
5. From the passage, we can infer that _____ •
A. the rich and poor go to different places for winter
B. there is a wide gap between the rich and poor in America
C. Blackwell’s jail is a good place for poor and homeless people
D. Soapy had to give up the plan of committing a crime
• 164 •Part❿ 76篇阅读模拟集训
Passage Two*"**
(l)Here’s a smart idea to meet the ever-increasing demand for an English
主 题：大学教育
university education: let colleges charge what they like to those youngsters who are
字 数：929
entitled to support from the student-loan system but who promise to forego any claim
建议用时：14分钟 on it, and let them admit as many such students as they want. That is the wheeze
(花招）David Willetts，the universities minister, unveiled recently.
(2) At present, the state limits the number of places that English universities can offer to students from
Britain and the European Union, because it must provide these students with subsidised loans to cover the
costs of their courses. For the same reason, it also limits the tuition fees that universities can charge British
and European students. From next September, the cap on the fee will rise to £9,000 per year.
(3) Meanwhile universities are free to set their own tuition fees for students from outside the European
Union, and to enroll as many of them as they like. They have done so with gusto: the number of
undergraduates from outside the European Union enrolled at English universities increased by 12% over the
past four years, while the number from within the European Union rose just 7% over the same period. The
tuition fees paid by international students can be eye-watering: the University of Oxford, for example, charges
£12,7(K) per year for a degree in theology and £】4,55() for each of the first three years of a medical degree,
rising to £26,5(K) for each of the final three years.
(4) Although Mr Willett’s ruse could help ease the squeeze on university places一demand is at a record
high, according to the latest application figures—there are some obvious political pitfalls. Most crucially，it
exposes Mr Willetts to the charge of being unfair. If Daddy*s little darling narrowly missed out on a place,
Daddy could, if the university were willing, simply pay a higher tuition fee atul cover the cost of her board
and lodging (and, no doubt, dizzying social life) while a! college. The same opportunity would be denied to the
offipring of families who could not afford it.
(5) So Mr Willetts is keen to point out the elements of the proposal that promote social mobility，not least
because if he is to enact the plan, he must persuade his Liberal Democrat colleagues in the coalition
government to go along with it. If those who could afford to pay for higher education did so, he argues, there
would be more places available to those who needed state support to take up a university place.
(6) Speaking on BBC Radio 4’s “Today” programme，Mr Willetts said， '*! start from the view that, by
and large, more people going to university is a good thing for social mobility, I think going to university is a
fantastic opportunity, and it is a particularly good thing for young people who have come from tough
backgrounds and may have been let down by the school system. But anything we did, if this does go forward
and, at the moment, these are just ideas being put to us, would have to pass the test of improving social
mobility，not reversing it.”
(7) Alas Mr Willetts was unable to shake off the idea that rich families might be able to buy a better
education than their poorer counterparts. That is hardly surprising, given that it is the main reason for the
existence of a flourishing privately-funded school system in the country, albeit one derided by the left-wing of
Mr Willett's coalition partners. Those parents with children in such schools argue, correctly, that they have paid
taxes to support the publicly-funded school system in addition to finding the money to pay steep school fees.
And the most expensive schools are just as hard to get into as, and even more pricey than, the elite
universities: Eton, the prime minister’s alma mater, charges £30,000 per year in tuition. Of course, cheaper
options are available: Dulwich College，for example，provides a perfectly sound alternative at half the price.
(8) Tuming away a family with funds to pay for university makes little sense financially. After all, higher
education is a global business, and the tuition fees will follow the youngster wherever she wins a place. That
works for England as well as elsewhere: the British daughter of a sufficiently wealthy man who narrowly
failed to get into the English university of her choice could be considered for an international place, for
example，if the family had a home abroad from which she could apply.
(9) It may not yet be common for undergraduates, but postgraduates who narrowly miss out on a state-
supported PhD place are admitted anyway if they can find funds from elsewhere. A friend who is involved
• 165 •阅读.
with postgraduate admissions says he interviewed 40 people for six state-funded research programmes that will
start in the autumn，of which 15 candidates were of an acceptable quality. He tells me that he expects to
recruit five independently-funded students this year, in addition to the six state-funded ones. If this model were
to be extended to undergraduates, Mr Willetts would want students to win sponsorship from companies and
charities to pay for their education.
(l())One last point. Foreign students enrolled at English universities have long complained一with fair
reason, in my opinion—that they are treated as "cash cowsM that are milked to pay for the cut-price, state-
subsidised but same-quality education offered to locals. In the politics of class war, persuading left-leaning
voters thal fat cats would have to pay more for the same education offered lo the poor could yet prove
popular.
6. The word "cap" in the last sentence of the second paragraph means .
A. coverage B. average C. upper limit D. lower limit
7. What is the main cause of English universities9 enthusiasm for recruiting students from outside EU?
A. The places for local students are limited by the government.
B. They can charge international students higher fees.
C. International students are more intelligent than local students.
D. International students are richer than local students.
8. What function do the last two sentences in the fourth paragraph serve?
A. To deny the unfairness of Mr Willet's proposal.
B. To offer a solution to the unfairness of Mr Willet's proposal.
C. To explain the cause for the unfairness of Mr Willet's proposal.
D. To exemplify the unfairness of Mr Willet’s proposal.
9. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the passage?
A. A major financial source of private universities in the U K is students' tuitions.
B. International students pay higher tuitions than locals for the same-quality education.
C. Rich students get more opportunities to enter universities than poor students.
D. Students from outside the European Union have access to government loans.
10. The author's attitude towards the universities minister^ proposal is .
A. supportive B. undecided C. critical D. neutral
Passage Three * 2 3
(l)When it comes to raising girls，today’s moms have plenty to worry about:
主 题：社会现象 self-image，depression, eating disorders, and，of course, a culture that teaches women
字 数：904 that their worth is as much about their beauty as it is about their smarts. Peggy
建议用时：14分钟 Orenstein knows this all too well: she's written about girls for years as a critic for
The New York Times, and her 1994 book Schoolgirls: Young Women, Self Esteem,
and the Confidence Gap was a bestseller. All of which is why, when Orenstein got pregnant, she kept to
herself a dirty secret. “I was terrified at the thought of having a daughter，” she writes. 441 was supposed to be
an expert on girls’ behavior. What if，after all that，I wasn’t up to the challenge myself? What if I couldn’t
raise the ideal daughter?”
(2) In her new book, Cinderella Ate My Daughter, Orenstein documents her struggle to do just that: raise a
daughter who is happy and self-confident amid a world that encourages little girls to engulf their rooms in
pink (薄绸）and (莱茵石）tiaras. Yes，she’s talking about the princess complex—the little—
girl love affair that starts with Cinderella and ends with sheets and toothbrushes and cups and tiaras and home
decoration and pint-size wedding gowns and many other products. And the ultra-feminine messages that come
along with it.
(3) This princess craze, many argue, leaves girls all mixed up: while they excel in school and outpace their
• 166 •Part❿ 76篇阅读模拟集训
male peers in science and math, they also obsess about Prince Charming and who has the prettiest dress,
learning— from a mix of mass marketing and media— not that girls are strong, smart, or creative, but that each
is a little princess of her own, judged by the beauty of her face. Just think about the fairy tales themselves:
Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, Snow White— all pitted against evil, ugly old women, waiting for the prince
they’ve never met to fall for their beauty and rescue them from misery. In The Little Mermaid, Ariel literally
trades in her voice for the chance a man she’s never met will love her in return.
(4) Orenstein’s own daughter didn’t start out princess-obsessed. Daisy marched into her first day of
preschool in her favorite pinstriped overalls and carrying a Thomas the Tank Engine lunchbox. But it would be
less than a month before the now-7-year-old would scream as her mother tried to wrestle her into pants,
begging for a “real princess dress" with matching plastic high heels. Suddenly, Orenstein began noticing
princess craze at every turn: Daisy's classmates_ even one with two mothers_ showed up to school in princess
outfits. The supermarket checkout woman addressed her daughter with “Hi, Princess.” She found her daughter
lying on the floor at a bat mitzvah, surrounded by a group of boys, waiting for her “prince” to come and
wake her. Orenstein knew there was something about this she didn't like. Frilly dresses? Waiting for Prince
Charming? Isn’t that a descended role model? One would think—but as it turns out, it’s harder than it sounds
to find the science to back up that notion. So instead, Orenstein decided to head to the front lines of this girl
culture herself—observing an American Girl store, a toy fair, and, last, Disney, whose princess line of
merchandise has become the largest franchise on the planet for girls ages 2 to 6. What she learned? “It’s not
that princesses can’t expand girls’ imaginations,” Orenstein explains. “But in today’s culture, princess starts to
turn into something else. It's not just being the fairest of them all, it's being the hottest of them all, the most
Paris Hilton of them all, the most Kim Kardashian of them all."
(5) Much of Orenstein's territory is well trod. But the way she sees it，there is one very big thing that
separates Daisy’s generation from those who came before her— and it’s called mass marketing. Disney alone
has 26,000 Disney princess items on the market today, part of a $4 billion-a-year franchise that is the fastest-
growing brand the company has ever created. “What these companies will tell you is that girls want this，so
they give it to them，’’ says Orenstein. But for girls who don’t want to play with pink princess toys，there’s
virtually no other option.
(6) And when princesses grow up? Let's just say that Miley Cyrus isn't exactly the best role model. There
may not be research that looks at the harm of princess culture specifically, but there is certainly evidence to
show that girls are struggling. Studies show young girls today face more pressure than ever to be “perfect”一
not only to get straight A ’s and excel academically，but to be beautiful，fashionable, and kind. And the more
mainstream media girls consume, the more they worry about being pretty and sexy. One study, from the
University of Minnesota，found that just seeing advertisements from one to three minutes can have a negative
impact on girls' self-esteem.
(7) Orenstein is the first to admit she's not a perfect parent. But her advice to others is to pride yourself
on saying no. “People have said to me，’Don’t you feel like you’re brainwashing your daughter because you’re
not giving her the choice of what she consumes?’” Orenstein says. “But there’s not really a choice. Disney
isn’t giving you a choice.” Being a princess may seem simple. But raising one takes a whole lot of brains.
11. According to the second paragraph, the ' princess complex" is embodied by the following EXCEPT
that _____ •
A. the girls like to decorate their rooms with pink chiffon and rhinestone tiaras
B. the girls are all self-confident in waiting for their Mr. Rights
C. the girls are obsessed with romantic love stories like Cinderella
D. the girls like pint-size wedding gowns at their wedding ceremony
12. Which of the following is NOT true about modern young girls?
A. Besides studying well，they’re also expected to have pretty face.
B. They share the same views about princess as the previous generations.
C. Some are forced to buy princess toys that they don't like much.
• 167 •专八阅读
D. The mass media throw great pressure on them about their appearance.
13. The sentence in the fifth paragraph “Much of Orenstein’s territory is well trod” implies that .
A. many researches on what Orenstein's concerned about have already been conducted
B. her opinions about the princess complexity have been cited by other people
C. Orenstcin views the princess phenomenon in a different way
D. Disney’s princess products have occupied Orenstein’s house
14. Orenstein's attitude towards the princess culture is .
A. fundamentally critical B. slightly admiring
C. completely doubtful D. rather neutral
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
In this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each
question in NO more than 10 words.
Passage One
15. Why didn9t the policeman believe Soapy's confession of smashing the windows?
16. What does the phrase *take to their heels'' in the last paragraph hut one mean?
17. What kind of customers would eat at the restaurant on the opposite side of the street?
Passage Two
18. What have the foreign students enrolled at English universities long complained?
19. What rhetorical device is used in “they are treated as ‘cash cows’” in the last paragraph?
Passage Three
20. Why did Orenstein keep her pregnancy hidden from others?
21. Why does Orenstein criticize Disney^ princess line of merchandise?
22. What does ' takes a whole lot of hrainsM in the last paragraph mean?
4 案 与 详
SECTION A
Passage One
1. [c】【解析】本段有三处暗喻（本体和喻体之间没有比喻词）：把枯叶比作名片，北风比作穿制服的门卫，麦迪逊
广场比作谣天公寓，故 A 可排除；作者用人名“Jack Frost”来称呼ffi.文中的kind,give... warning. his, he,
hand等都体现拟人的手法.故 B 可以排除；“Jack Frost”代指“霜冻”，“denizen”（老客户），“inhabitants”（房
客们）代指无家可归的流浪汉，故 D (转喻）可以排除。
2 . 丨A 丨【解析】由前面两段的内容可知.索比是个无家可归的流浪汉，麦迪逊广场就是他柄身的地方，每当寒冷的
冬天来临，他必须想出各种办法找个安身之地以避免受冻挨饿. 故A 为答案. 句中的Committee of Ways
and Means“财政委员会”是作者的幽默说法。
3 . 【C 1 【解析丨本文讲述索比无家可归，无亲无友，食不果腹，但他却不屑于接受纽约众多慈善机构的救济（He
scorned the provisions,Soapy’s proud spirit),而是想方设法进人布莱克威尔监狱度过寒冬，这反映出他岛
傲的性格，故选C 。“谦卑的"、“自信的”、“吝啬的；卑鄙的”均不符合索比的人物形象：
4 . 丨A ] 【解析】该段第8 句指出索比有很多地方可去，包括市政办的、慈善组织办的各种机构。A 和原文相符，为答
案。文中未比较慈善机构和布莱克威尔监狱哪个更舒适，B 可以排除；该段指出接受救济者需要接受询问以
• 168 •Part❿ 76篇阅读模拟集训
及出卖隐私，这对性格高傲的索比来讲是屈辱，并不是说那些救济机构会羞辱接受施舍的人，故排除C If
not in coin you must pay in humiliation...说明接受救济不需耍付钱，0 错;.
S. |B]【解析】穷闲潦倒、无家可归的流浪汉索比为进监狱过冬而故意犯罪，却没有达到B 的，而第4 、5 段中的
Mediterranean cruises, soporific Southern skies drifting in the Vesuvian Bay 以及 bought their tickets to
Palm Beach and the Riviera each winter等描绘了富人的逍遥生活，可见美国社会的贫富差距之大，B 为
正确答案去各地游玩避寒是富人的权利，像索比那样的穷人P、求寒冬中有个去处，故 A 错；不愿接受救济
的索比才认为监狱是个好地方，C 域丁•过度推测，无原文依据；第 1()段 最 后 -句说明索比还会想其他进人
监狱的办法，故 D 错。
Passage Two
6. [c】【解析】第 2段指出w 为政府耍给本国及欧盟国家的学生补贴，英国政府“限制”英 m 大学招收来向这些ra
家的学生人数和所征收的学费，可以推断“cap”在此句中应该是“上限”的意思，故C 为正确答案。
7. |B]【解析】根据题干定位到第3 段、该段第2 句指出英阆大学热衷于(done so with gusto)招收欧盟以外的国
际生；第3 句指出这些国际生所付的学费商得令人难以接受(eye-watering),由此可以判断征收高额学费才
是英闻大学大M 招收欧盟以外的国际生的主要原W , 所以B 为正确答案C 、D 过于绝对，且文中没有进行
比较，可以排除；A M 具干扰性，由第2 段可知英闺政府限制了招收英丨S1和欧盟阔家的学生人数，但这并不
是英国大学热衷于招收国际生的主要原因，
8 . 丨 D ] 【解析】根据题干定位到第4 段。该段首句说明Mr Willet的花招也有一些政治缺陷；第2 句接指出最重
要的是让Mr willet面临“不公正”这一指控；最后两句则举例解释该提议的不公平所在，所以D 为正确答
案。A “否认提议的不公正”，B “提供解决方案”以及C “解释不公正的原因”均与原文不符。
9. [D 1【解析丨由第2 、3 段可知英国和欧盟国家的学生才享有政府的补贴贷款，而欧盟以外的国际生耑要交付高
昂的学费，因此D 不符合文意，为正确答案第3 段指出欧盟以外的国际生支付的学费大大高于当地学生
(B );第 7 段首句指出甯人可以用钱买到更好的教育机会是私立学校在英国繁荣的一个原W ,由此可见学
生支付的学费是这些私立学校的一大财政来源（A ) ; 同时文中也多处指出富人进人大学的机会比穷
人多（C )。
10. 【C 】【解析】根据题干定位到全文：作者用了“wheeze”（花招）和“ruse”（诡计）等词描述Mr. Willet的提议，可
见作者对其提议是批判的，所以C 是正确答案，
■■■■ Passage Three
11. [B】【解析丨第2 段第2 句讲到，从小女孩从对灰姑娘故事的痴迷，到对床单、牙刷、杯子、头饰、居家装饰、小号
结婚礼服以及种种其他物件的执念，都是“公主情结”的体现s A (用粉色雪纺绸和人造钻石冕状头饰装饰
房间）、C (女孩子都痴迷于像灰姑娘那样浪漫的爱悄故事）、D (喜欢在婚礼上穿小号的婚纱）皆厲于公主
情结的具体表现。B (有信心等待真命天子的出现）文章并没有讲到这是公主情结，且根据常识，几乎每个
女孩子都会希望等待另一半出现，是人之常情，不能称作“公主情结”，故 B 为本题答案。
12. 【解析】根据第5 段的描述可知，由于大众营销的存在，Orenstein的女儿这一代人与上一辈人相比，存在
一个非常显著的不同，B 所述与此相反，故为答案3 第 5 段末提到对于那些不想要粉色公主玩具的女孩来
说，基本没有别的可以选择，排除C;第6 段指出，根据调査发现，今天的年轻女孩面临的压力比以往任何
时代的女性都大，为了追求所谓的“完美”，不仅要科科优秀，学业出众，还要漂亮时尚，温柔可人（A ),据此
可排除A 、^
13. | A ] 【解析】根据第5 段第2 句话用转折词But表达Orenstein的观点，说明在她所关心的这个领域早已有人
深入研究过，因此A 正 确 well trod字面意思为“被人深人地涉足过”。
14.丨 A 】【解析】根据第4 段第7 句可知Orenstein对她女儿的改变并不认同，根据第4 段倒数第2 句可知,Orenstein
认为在当今文化中，公主情结已经变味了，因此可推断Orenstein对公主情结是持批判态度，因此A 正确-
. 169 •专八阅读
SECTION B
Passage One
15. The policeman believed the ones smashing windows had run away.
【解析】根据题目中的smashing the windows可定位到倒数第2 段，、该段前两句提到，警察并没有把Soapy的话作
为线索，认为打碎窗户的人不会停留下来跟执法者谈话。由此可见，替方是认为打碎了窗户的人跑了，故本
题可表述为 The policeman believed the ones smashing windows had run away。
16. To start running away.
I解析】根据题B 定位到倒数第2 段解答本题的关键是弄清楚they是指代Men who smash windows,而非指代
The policeman,上一句提到，打碎窗户的人不会停留在这里跟膂察谈话，那也就是说他们会开始“跑路”
f,故本题可表述为To start running away。
17. Those who eat a lot and owns not much money.
【解析】根据the restaurant on the opposite side可定位到最后一段。该段第2 句提到，该餐馆为食H:很大但钱不
多的人提供饭菜，故答案4 表述为Those who eat a lot and owns not much money。
Passage Two
18. They pay more for the same quality education than locals.
【解析】根据题目的 the foreign students enrolled at English universities long complained 可定位到最后一段，该
段第2 句提到，他们被当作“提款机”，接受同等质的教育要比当地人付更多学费，故答案可归纳为They
pay more for the same quality education than locals
19. Simile.
【解析】根据题目定位到最后一段。该段提到，外闽留学生被当作“cash cows”对待，该句中含有比喻间as,因此是
用了明喻的修辞手法，故答案为Simile。
Passage Three
20. Because she worried that she wouldn^t raise the ideal daughter.
【解 析】根据第丨段最后两句可知，〇renstein对A 己怀孕的事守口如瓶，因为作为一个研究女孩子行为的专家，她
宵怕万一生个女儿，自己却不能教养出一个理想的女儿，故答案为Because she worried that she wouldn’t
raise the ideal daughter0
21. Because it distorts girls' imagination.
【解 析] 根据第4 段的后半部分的内容可知，Orenstein对于在玩具店有很多迪斯尼系列的商品是持批评态度的，而
原㈥可以从该段最后四句矜出来。Orenstein表示，并不是说这些商品不能拓展女孩子们的想象力，而是这
些商品变味f (princess starts to turn into something else),接着又说是浪荡富家女形象，可见答案为
Because it distorts girls* imagination。
22. To try very hard to think of something.
【解 析】根据题目定位到最后一段takes a whole lot of brains在该段最后一句，上一句提到“成为一位公主似乎
很容易”,转折词But提示，本句的takes a whole lot of brains与上一句的simple意思相反，应指很困难，
而该短语中的brains表明此处是“需要大M 思考”的意思，综合起来可表达为To tiy very hard to think of
something
• 170 •T e s t
SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section there are four passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple
choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, Bf C and D. Choose the one that you think is
the best answer.
Passage One
—
(l)Sometimes， medical science makes breakthroughs that almost no-one sees
主 题：科学研究
coming. Other times, it just seems to catch up with what ordinary people have
字 38:665 known intuitively for generations. Though the latest finding from the University of
建议用时:8分钟 New South Wales falls into the second category，that doesn’t diminish its significance.
v；-- __y
Having pored over thousands of pages of data, researchers are now all but convinced
that by exercising their brains people can substantially reduce their risk of (滅呆）•
(2) Scientists have conducted several hundred studies of the theory that brain reserve—the effect of formal
education and mentally challenging work and leisure pursuits— may, through some mechanism not fully
understood, protect people against dementia. Aware that the studies had tossed up contradictory results,
University of N.S.W. neuroscientist Michael Valenzuela and colleague Perminder Sachdev last year conducted
the first systematic review of research on brain reserve. Having integrated data from 22 studies of possible
links between people's behavior and their subsequent brain health，the pair bring down their verdict in a paper
about to be published in British journal Psychological Medicine. In short, they say, people with high brain
reserve have almost half as much risk of developing dementia as those with low brain reserve. In one sense
the brain appears to be no different from the muscles of the body, says Valenzuela: “It’s a case of use it or
lose it.”
(3) Frevention is crucial with dementia, as medicines do no more than alleviate the symptoms for the
200,000 sufferers in Australia and New Zealand. The most common type of dementia, Alzheimer's Disease, is
characterized by the spread of sticky plaques and clumps of tangled fiber that disrupt communication
between brain cells. Gradually robbing people of their memory， personality and eventually all cognitive
function, it typically kills within 5 to 10 years. While most experts presume that aerobic exercise protects
people from dementia by maintaining good blood flow to the brain, how mental exercise could help is still a
puzzle. “There are a lot of theories,” says Valenzuela, “but it’s very difficult to pinpoint a single neurobiological
characteristic that distinguishes people with high brain reserve from those with low brain reserve. I think that’s
been part of the problem: we’ve been looking for a magic bullet.** Instead, Valenzuela assumes that mental
activity alters the central nervous system in different ways at various levels. Research on mice，he says，shows
that a highly stimulating environment increases both the production of new brain and nerve cells and the
density of blood vessels around them. A few years ago, Valenzuela headed a project in which a group of
elderly Sydney residents had their brains analyzed before and after five weeks of memory training. Investigators
found that the exercises induced biochemical changes that were the opposite of what occurs when Alzheimer’s
takes hold.
(4) That finding still excites Valenzuela because it suggests that even those people who’ve had their minds
in low gear for most of their lives can compensate with a late burst of effort. uIt seems you can make up for
whatever education or job history you may have,” he says. “You’re not locked into some dementia destiny.”
• 171 •专八阅读
(5)But there’s much we still don’t know about the relationship between brain reserve and dementia. No
one can yet say for sure whether an elderly person's disinclination to mental exercise is a cause or a symptom
of the disease. There's also uncertainty about whether high brain reserve helps prevent Alzheimer’s plaques and
tangles from forming, or whether it minimizes their impact or both. It's possible that high brain reserve fosters
unusually sturdy neurons that allow the brain to carry on as usual despite the presence of plaques.
Autopsies of Alzheimer’s sufferers confirm no neat correlation between the extent of plaques and tangling and
the severity of symptoms. “After almost 100 years of research," says Valenzuela, “we still don’t understand the
fundamental link between the neurobiological changes and the expression of disease.”
1. According to the passage, the implication of the research conducted by Valenzuela and Sachdev is
that ________•
A. the more we use our brains, the less chances we get dementia
B. mental activity alters the central nervous system in different ways
C. people with large brain reserve are more likely to suffer dementia
D. brain reserve comes from education, challenging work and pastime
2. Which of the following Is N O T one of the symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease?
A. Slow reaction. B. Memory decline.
C. Collapse of mobility. D. Individuality disorder.
3. From the passage, which of the following statements is N O T true?
A. Aerobic exercise is an approach to protect people from dementia.
B. Dementia is still an incurable disease nowadays.
C. Elderly people get dementia because of little mental exercise.
D. Mental exercise would be beneficial to avoiding dementia.
Passage Two
(l)Govemment scientists listed 办 （甲 胳 ） as a Carcinogen,
主 题：生活与健康
substance that produces cancer, and said it is found in worrisome quantities in
字 数:665
glued board, particle board，and hair salons. They also said that (苯乙缔)，
建议用时:9分钟
which is used in boats, bathtubs and in disposable foam plastic cups and plates, * 2 3
may cause cancer but is generally found in such low levels in consumer products
that risks are low.
(2) Frequent and intense exposures in manufacturing plants are far more worrisome than the intermittent
contact that most consumers have, but government scientists said that consumers should still avoid contact with
formaldehyde and styrene along with six other chemicals that were added Friday to the government’s official
Report on Carcinogens. Its release was delayed for years because of intense lobbying from the chemical
industry, which disputed its findings. John Bucher, associate director of the National Toxicology Program, which
produced the report, said evidence of formaldehyde’s carcinogenicity was far stronger than for styrene and that
consumers were more likely to be exposed to potentially dangerous quantities of formaldehyde.
(3) The federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration warned in April that a hair-care product,
Brazilian Blowout Acai Professional Smoothing Solution，contained unacceptable levels of formaldehyde，and
salon workers have reported headaches，nosebleeds, burning eyes, and vomiting after using the product and
other hair-straighteners.
(4)Dr. Otis Brawley，chief medical officer at the American Cancer Society, said that formaldehyde is both
worrisome and inescapable. “It’s the smell in new houses，and it’s in cosmetics like nail polish，” he said “All
a reasonable person can do is manage their exposure and decrease it to as little as possible. It’s everywhere.”
Consumers can reduce their exposure to formaldehyde by avoiding pressed-wood products or buying only those
• 172 •Part❿ 76篇阅读模拟集训
that are labeled as U.L.E.F. (ultra-low-emitting formaldehyde), N.A.F. (no added formaldehyde) or C.A.R.B.
(California Air Resources Board) Phase 1 or Phase 2 compliant.
(5) Styrene is mostly a concern for workers who build boats, car parts, bathtubs and shower stalls. Studies
of workers exposed to high levels of styrene have found increased risks of genetic damage to white blood
cells. There is also some evidence that styrene increases the risks of cancer among styrene workers, the report
found. Consumers can be exposed to styrene from the fumes of building materials, photocopiers and tobacco
smoke. As for styrene's presence in plastic utensils and other consumer products, Dr. Brawley likened the risk
from such products to that of coffee and cellphones— uncertain and slight.
(6) An industry spokesman said the action will hurt small businesses. "It will unfairly scare workers, plant
neighbors and could have a chilling effect on the development of new products，” said Tom Dobbins of the
American Composites Manufacturers Association. 44And our companies are primarily small businesses, and this
could hurt jobs and local economies.M Cal Dooley, president and chief executive of the American Chemistry
Council, a trade association that represents companies that make and use polystyrene and formaldehyde, rejected
the report's conclusions. “W e are extremely concerned that politics may have hijacked the scientific process，”
he said. Some in the industry have promised to continue fighting the report, and will appeal elements of its
findings. But some already have begun using alternatives to formaldehyde in their products.
(7) This is the 12th cancer list released by the toxicology program at the National Institutes of Health, and
each has been controversial. In 2000，controversy erupted over the ninth report’s listing of secondhand smoke
and tanning beds. The 11th report's listing in 2005 of naphthalene (卫生球)，caused similar concern. That this
latest report would warn about formaldehyde and styrene has been suspected by industry since shortly after the
release of the previous report, and industry groups have fought the process behind its release ever since. As a
result, the government added numerous public comment periods to the process, and even after it was written,
officials at the Department of Health and Human Services delayed the report’s release for months to cope with
industry complaints.
4. Which of the following statements contains an analogy?
A. “Frequent and intense exposures in manufacturing plants are far more worrisome than the intermittent
contact that most consumers have, ...” (2nd paragraph)
B. “… evidence of formaldehyde’s carcinogenicity was far stronger than for styrene...” (2nd paragraph)
C. “Dr. Brawley likened the risk from such products to that of coffee and cellphones—uncertain and slight/*
(5th paragraph)
D. “It’s the smell in new houses，and it’s in cosmetics like nail polish, ...”（4th paragraph)
5. In Tom Dobbins’ view, the following are influences exerted by the government’s report EXCEPT _____.
A. frightening away those working in plants that use formaldehyde or styrene
B. frightening away those living near factories that use formaldehyde or styrene
C. Preventing companies from developing new products
D. Making factories replace formaldehyde and styrene with other materials
6. It can be inferred from the passage that the Report on Carcinogens ________.
A. was influenced by political factors
B. was produced under the guidance of chemical industry
C. included disputed findings and conclusions
D. listed two carcinogens, formaldehyde and styrene
7. Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude towards the government’s action?
A. Supportive. B. Neutral. C. Critical. D. Admiring.
. 173 •专八阅读
Passage Three
Ip--
(1) Employers buffeted by talk of recession slashed 80,(KK) jobs in March, the
[主 题：失业问题
most in five years and the third straight month of losses.
字 数：764
(2) At the same time, the national unemployment rate rose from 4.8 percent to 5.1
建议用时：丨0 分钟
percent, the clearest signal yet that the economy might already be shrinking.
-------------------^
⑶ The new snapshot of the job market, released by the Labor Department Friday, ab
underscored the damage that a trio of crises—in the housing, credit and financial sectors— has inflicted on
companies, jobseekers and the economy as a whole.
⑷ “The labor market has indeed turned south，” said Joel Naroff, president of Naroff Economic Advisors.
"That was the one last bastion of hope to stay out of a recession. Now the question is how deep and how long
will it last?”
(5) The unemployment rate was the highest since September 2(K)5, when significant job losses followed the
devastating blows of Gulf Coast hurricanes.
(6) Job losses were widespread in March. Construction, manufacturing, retailing, financial services and
various business services all racked up losses. That overwhelmed gains elsewhere, including in education and
health care, leisure and hospitality as well as in government.
(7) On Wall Street, stocks fell, with the Dow Jones industrials down more than 80 points in morning
trading.
(8) The new employment figures were much weaker than economists were expecting. They were anticipating
a drop of 50,(XK) payroll jobs and the unemployment rate to rise to 5 percent.
(9) The 5.1 percent rate, while relatively modest by historical standards, was the highest in 2.5 years.
(10) Job cuts in both January and February turned out to be even deeper. Employers got rid of 76,(XX) in
each month. The elimination of 80,(XK) jobs in March was the most since March 2003, when the labor market
was still struggling to recover from the 2001 recession.
(11) The economy is suffering the effects of a housing collapse, a credit crunch and a financial system in
turmoil. That's causing people and businesses to hunker down, crimping spending, capital investment and hiring.
Those things in turn further weaken the economy in what has become a vicious cycle.
(12) For the first time，Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bemanke acknowledged Wednesday that the country
could be heading toward a recession, saying federal policymakers are “fighting against the wind" in combating
it. Many other economists and the public believe the recession already has arrived.
(13) Bemanke wouldn’t tip his hand about the Fed’s next move. However, many economists believe the
central bank will lower interest rates again when they meet later this month, and they said Friday's employment
report would justify another reduction perhaps by half a point.
(14) The Fed has taken a number of extraordinary actions recently—slashing interest rates, providing
financial backing to JP Morgan's takeover of troubled Bear Steams and opening an emergency lending program
for big investment houses. All the actions are ultimately aimed at limiting damage to the national economy.
(15) With a public on edge. Congress, the White House and presidential contenders are scrambling to come
up with their own relief plans even as they engage in a political blame game.
(16) In March，construction companies cut 51,(KK) jobs, factories eliminated 48,000 positions, retailers cut
payrolls by more than 12,000. Professional and businesses services lost 35,000 jobs and temporary help firms
cut nearly 22,000 jobs. Financial firms chopped 5,000 jobs. When government hiring was removed, the numbers
looked even worse. Private employers shed 98,000 jobs in March.
(17) With the pace of hiring slowing down, the number of unemployed people increased to 7.8 million in
March; workers with jobs saw only modest wage gains at the same time. Average hourly earnings for
jobholders rose to $17.86 in March, a 0.3 percent increase from the previous month. That matched economists’
forecasts. Over the past 12 months, wages grew 3.6 percent. With lofty energy and food prices, workers may
• 174 •Part © 76篇阅读模拟集训
feel like their paychecks are shrinking.
(18) Many analysts believe the economy shrank in the first three months of this year and could still be
ebbing now. The government will release its estimate of first-quarter economic growth later this month. Under
one rough rule, if the economy contracts for six straight months it is considered in a recession.
(19) Bemanke, however, has said he is hopeful the economy will improve in the second half of this year,
helped by the government's $168 billion stimulus package of tax rebates for people and tax breaks for businesses, as
well as the Fed’s rate reductions.
(20) Still，even Bemanke predicted this week that the unemployment rate would rise in the months ahead.
Some analysts say it could climb to 5.5 percent or higher by year's end.
8. Which of the following implies a contrast?
A. ... it could climb to 5.5 percent or higher by year's end.
B. With lofty energy and food prices，workers may feel like their paychecks are shrinking.
C. The new employment figures were much weaker than economists were expecting.
D. ... workers with jobs saw only modest wage gains at the same time.
9. The following are the extraordinary measures taken by the Federal EXCEPT .
A. lowering interest rates to limit damage
B. offering support to JP Morgan^ takeover
C. lending emergency money for investment houses
D. providing job opportunities for the unemployed
10. From the description in the passage, we learn that _____.
A. the people, the business and the economy are inter-dependable
B. the government is not aware of the seriousness of the problem
C. the present economy in America is like the Great Depression
D. the congress, the white house and presidential contenders are to blame
■■«■■■■■■ Passage Four ■■■■■■■■■■■■■waBiHHBBaBia
?----- (1) Something about Naples just seems made for comedy. The name alone conjures
主 题 ：城市介绍 up pizza, and lovable, incorrigible innocents warbling “O Sole Mio”； a nutty little
字 数 ：764 comer of the world where the id runs wild and the only answer to the question
建 议 用 时 ：1丨分钟 “Why?” appears to be “Why not?”
^--------------------------^
(2) Naples: the butter-side-down of Italian cities, where even the truth has a
strangely fictitious tinge. One day a car rear-ended one of the city’s minibuses. The bus driver got out to
investigate. While he stood there talking，his only passenger took the wheel and drove off. Neither passenger
nor bus was ever seen again.
(3) Then there was that busy lunch hour in the central post office when a crack in the ceiling opened and
postal workers were overwhelmed by an avalanche of stale croissants. As the cleaners hauled away garbage
bags of moldy breakfast rolls, the questions remained: Who? Why? And what else could still be up there?
(4) But Naples actually isn't so funny. Italy’s third largest city, with 1.1 million people，has a much darker
side, where chaos reigns: bag snatching and mugging, clogged streets of stupefying confusion, where traffic
moves to mysterious laws of its own through multiple intersections whose traffic lights haven’t functioned for
months, maybe years—if they have lights at all. Packs of wild dogs roam the city's main park. Nineteen
policemen on the anti-narcotics squad are arrested for accepting payoffs from the Camorra, the local Mafia.
(5) To many Italians, particularly those in the wealthy, industrialized north, none of this is surprising. To
them Naples means political corruption, wasted federal subsidies, rampant organized crime, appallingly large
families, and cunning, lazy people who prefer to do something shady rather than honest work....
(6) Neapolitans know their reputation. “People think nothing ever gets done here，’’ said a young professional
• 175 •专八阅读
woman. “Sometimes they say，4 Surely you come from Milan. You come from Naples? Naples?
(7) Giovanni Del Fomo，an insurance executive, told me about his flight home from a northern Italian city,
the plane waited on the tarmac for half an hour for a gate to become available. “And 1 began to hear the
comments around me: *Well here we are in Naples,*M he said with a wince. *These comments make me suffer."
(8) Neapolitans may complain, but most can't conceive of living anywhere else. The city has the intimacy,
tension，and craziness of a large but intensely devoted family. The people have the same perverse pride as
New Yorkers. They love even the things that don’t work, and they love being Neapolitans. They know
outsiders don't get it, and they don't care. “Even if you go away"，one woman said，“you remain a prisoner
of this city. M y city has many problems，but away from it I feel bad.”
(9) This is a city in which living on the brink of collapse is normal. Naples has survived wars, revolutions,
floods, earthquakes, and eruptions of nearby Vesuvius. First a wealthy colony founded by the Greeks (who
called it Neapolis, or '4new city"), then a flourishing Roman resort, it lived through various incarnations under
dynasties of Normans, Swabians, Austrians, Spanish, and French, not to mention a glorious period as the re
splendent capital of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
(10) It was a brilliant, cultivated city that once ranked with London and Paris. The Nunziatella，the oldest
military school in Italy, still basks in its two centuries of historic glory; the Teatro San Carlo remains one of
the greatest opera houses in the world. The treasures of Pompeii grace the National Museum. Stretched luxuri
antly between mountains and sea along the curving coast of the Bay of Naples, full of ornate palaces, gardens,
churches, and works of art, with its mild climate and rich folklore, Naples in the last century was beloved by
artists and writers. The most famous response to this magnificence was the comment by an unknown admirer,
“See Naples and die.”
(11) Today that remark carries less poetic connotations. The bombardments of World War II were followed
by the depredations of profiteers and politicians— for-rent who reduced the city to a demoralized shadow of it
self, surviving on government handouts. Until five years ago city governments were cobbled together by war
ring political factions; some mayors lasted only a few months. A cholera outbreak in 1973 was followed in
1980 by a major earthquake. Its famous port has withered (though the U.S. Sixth Fleet command is still
based just up the coast), industries have failed，tourists have fled, natives have moved out一it seems that only
drug trafficking is booming. “Unlivable，” the Neapolitans say. “Incomprehensible”. “Martyred”.
11. The first sentence of the second paragraph implies that .
A. Naples is in a mess where truth and fault are mixed together
B. compared with other cities, Naples is not an excellent city
C. no truth can be talked about in the public place in Naples
D. people feel very strange to stay in such a disorderly city
12. When people talk about Naples the impressions are the following EXCEPT that _____ .
A. the whole city does not work in such a way as it should
B. the traffic lights do not function as they are supposed to
C. people are quite honest and make good use of time
D. the government officials are corruptive and unreliable
13. It can be inferred from the 8th paragraph that .
A. people in Naples do not care about what others say behind them
B. in spite of many problems, Neapolitans like to stay in this messy city
C. no matter where you go, bad impressions about Naples can not change
D. people in Naples have been accustomed to this so-called comfortable life
14. Which of the following implies an irony?
A. ... who reduced the city to a demoralized shadow of itself.
B. This is a city in which living on the brink of collapse is normal.
• 176 •Part © 76篇阅读模拟集训
C. ... industries have failed... it seems that only drug trafficking is booming.
D. The people have the same perverse pride as New Yorkers.
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
In this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each
question in NO more than 10 words.
Passage One
15. What is the passage mainly about?
Passage Two
16. Why was the release of the governmenfs official Report on Carcinogens delayed?
17. What symptoms did salon workers suffer after their using of a hair-care product?
18. What is the main idea of Para. 4?
iJPossage
19. What does ua trio of crises** (the second paragraph) mean?
20. What mainly accounted for the unemployment in September 2005?
21. Why did a lot of people lose jobs while workers with jobs only earn a little money?
Passage Four
22. What’s the writer’s attitude towards Naples?
0 案与详解>
SECTION A
■Ifassage One
1• 丨A 】【解析】根据第2 段可知，Valenzuela和Sachdev在整合了 22项研究后，得出“脑储量大的人患老年痴呆症
的风险是脑储fl小的人的一半”这一结论。他们还指出，在某种意义上，大脑和人体肌肉似乎没有什么不
同，都是“越用越好用，不用就会退化”，故 A 与此相符。
2 . 【C ] 【解析】由第3 段第3 句可知，Alzheimer’s Disease的主要症状有：渐渐失去记忆,性格发生改变，最终失去
所有的认知功能.，A 、B 、D 都是关于这些症状的描述,C“丧失行动能力”不属于认知方面的缺陷，故正确，
3. [C】【解析】从最后一段的第2 句可知C 不符合事实，为答案。第 3 段第4 句指出有氧运动可以防止痴呆症的
发生，注意该句中的presume “推测”只是针对b y 后面的方式，因此A 为事实；由第3 段中的it typically
kills within 5 to ]0 years以及文章最后一句说到“对于神经生物学上的改变与疾病表征之间的根本联系
尚未弄明白”可知，痴呆症目前不可治愈，B 正确；D “大脑运动有利于预防痴呆”与首段末的结论相符。
Passage Two
4. [ C ] 【解析】题干中analogy的意思是“类比”，用于指出两个事物或情况的共同特征。C 中的丨iken正是“把……
比作”的意思，该句将上文提到的那些产品与日常生活中时常接触的手机、咖啡进行类比，指出他们的危险
性均是不确定且微弱的（uncertain and slight)。所以本题应该选C 。
• 177 •专八阅读
s. [D 1【解析I 从文草第6 段第2 句可以看出，Dobbins认为该报告的影响在于让一些工厂的工人不敢工作、居民不
敢居住在工厂附近以及阻碍新产品的开发；而使用甲醛等的替代物是某些工厂的做法，不是Dobbins所认为
的影响，所以木题选D 。
6. 丨C J 【解析】第 2 段第2 句中的disputed its findings和第6 段第4 句中的rejected the report’s conclusions都
说明报彳1 而列出的致癌物是有争议的。第2 段第3 句中John Bucher指出甲醛致癌性的证据要比笨乙烯
史充分（说明至少苯乙烯的致癌性是不确定的），也说明了这一点。所以本题应该选C 。第 6 段中Cal
Dooley提到政治W 素（politics may have hijacked...U旦这只是他的一家之言，不一定为客观唞实，故 A 排
除；B 明W. 饵实相作；根据第2 段第1 句中的along with six other chemicals排除D c
7. 丨B】【解析】作荇ffl绕政府发布的一份“致癌物质官方报告”，重点介绍了甲醛和苯乙烯两种物质；然后叙述了化
I:产业对这份报告的不同肴法，并简单回顾了历次发布报告时遇到的类似情况。全文都是客观陈述，不偏
+ 倚，没冇表达作荇对于政府发表报告这一行为的态度或观点的用语，因此本题选B(中立的）。
Passage Three
8. 丨B ] 【解析】此题考査对比句。选项B 中A'涨的能源和食品价格与缩水的薪金形成了对比，所以是正确答案。其
他选项均不含有对比的意思，应排除。
9. [D ]【解析】根据题_f中measures taken by the Federa丨可定位到第14段首句。从这句中，我们可以# 到 A 、B 、
C 都包含在其内.足•联邦政府采取的有力的应对措施，只冇D 未被提及，因此是正确答案。
10. 丨A 1 【解析】从第1丨段的句子中我们可以明确得出人、生意和经济的相互依存关系，正确答案应为A
Passage Four
11. 丨A ] 【解析】第2 段抟句非限制性定语从句的意思是“在那不勒斯即便事实都奇怪地带有编造色彩”，选项B 、
C 、D 都和这个定语从句意思无关，只有A 项“在那不勒斯亊实和虚妄交织在一起”是此从句的意思„
12. 丨C ] 【解析】根据原文第2 、3 段的末句和第5 段我们可以看到那不勒斯人的不诚实、懒惰和不守时，所以选项
C 与原文卞实不符，为正确答案。
13. 丨D 】【解析】此题是道推论题，选项A 和 B 能从第8 段M 后两句话直接得出，选项C 在第8 段没有任何依据。
只有选项D 需从第8 段整段合理推出，是正确答案。
14. [ C ] 【解析丨此题考査反讽这一修辞手法。选项C “所有工业产业都失败了，而似乎只有毒品走私红火得很"，
显然失畋的T.业产业和红火的毐品走私生意形成了鲜明的对比，具有很强的反讽意味，是本题正确答案。
SECTION B
Passage 〇 M
15. Brain reserve and dementia.
【解析】本文第i 段就指出r 文葫的主题，即脑力活动可以降低痴呆症患病率，接笤讲到脑储与痴呆症之间的关
系，因此答案为 Brain reserve and dementia。
Passage Two ■
16. Because of intense lobbying from the chemical industry.
【解析】根报题丨丨中的release, official /Jtywrt wi Carc/nogms和delayed定位到第2 段前面两句。该段第2 句说
明报荇延迟数年发布的原W 是来f丨化工行业对政府进行的游说(lobbying),并质疑研究的结果；此外，文章
最后一句也衣明政府为了应对来自化工行业的抱怨和控诉而将报告公布日期推迟了数月。第 2 段第2 句
中的丨ts指的是第1 句中的official尺 印 州 丨 该句前面部分与题丨:】对应，可见表原因的介词
• 178 .Part❿ 76篇阅读樓拟集训
短语即为答案。
17. Headaches, nosebleeds, burning eyes, and vomiting.
【解析】根据题目中的salon workers和product定位到第3 段 . 该段末尾处的the product指的是上文提到的a
hair-care product,即名为“巴西莓专业柔发剂”的护发产品，沙龙的工作人员被报告在使用该产品后出现头
痛 、流箅血、眼睛灼疼和呕吐，这些都W 于题目中所说的symptoms (症状），故答案为Headaches,
nosebleeds, burning eyes, and vomiting。
18. Formaldehyde’s pervasiveness and solutions to this problem.
【解析】第 4 段的内容包含两个方面：前两句举例简要说明甲醛在t丨常生活中无处不在（It’s everywhere),后几句
是专家给消费者的建议，告诉人们如何尽fil•减少和甲醛的接触。概括上述两个方面，可知本题答案为
Formaldehyde's pervasiveness and solutions to this problem c
Passage Three
19. Crises in the housing, credit, and financial sectors.
【解析】根据题目中的a trio of crises定位至原文第3 段 第 3 段只含有一个复杂长句，a trio of crises后对其作
出进一步解释：在住房、信贷和金融行业。由此可知a trio of crises指的是上述三个行业的危机，故答案为
Crises in the housing，credit，and financial sectors。
20. Gulf Coast hurricanes.
【解析】根据题目中的September 2(X>5定位到第5 段。该段的when引导的是定语从句，其先行同是September
2005,可知从句的主语significant job losses发生在2005年9 月，题H 的the unemployment与该主语对
应。该处说严重的失业跟在毁灭性的墨西哥湾飓风的打击之后，可见主要是墨西哥湾飓风导致了这场失
业，答案为 Gulf Coast hurricanes。
21. Because the American economy shrank.
【解析】题目提到的事实出现在倒数第4 段及其前后儿段，总结出它们是整个美国经济不贵气的写照，倒数第3 段
中的 the economy shrank 为答题提供依据，所以答案是 Because the American economy shrank ,
Passage Four
22. He shows pity about it
【解析】从原文最后三段作者对那不勒斯曾经的辉煌和那不勒斯现在的没落的对比，可以体会出作者对这一城市
的变化有惋惜之情，所以答案为He shows pity about it。
• 179 .T e s t
④
SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each
multiple choice question， there are four suggested answers marked A，B， C and D. Choose the one that you
think is the best answer.
Passage One
1
(l)He was an old man who fished alone in a boat in the Gulf Stream and he
主 题 ：文学选段
had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish. In the first forty days a boy
字 数 .1125
had been with him. But after forty days without a fish the boy’s parents had told
建 议 用 时 ：15分 钟
him that the old man was now definitely and finally salao, which is the worst form * 2 3 4 5
of unlucky, and the boy had gone at their orders in another boat, which caught three
good fish the first week. It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his boat empty and
he always went down to help him carry either the coiled lines or harpoon (A ) and the sail that was furled
around the mast. The sail was patched with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat.
(2) The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck. The brown spots of the
benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks. The spots ran
well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep-creased scars from handling heavy fish on the
cords. But none of these scars were fresh. Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the
same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated.
(3) “Santiago,” the boy said to him as they climbed the bank from where the boat was hauled up. “I
could go with you again. W e ’ve made some money.” The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy
loved him. “No，” the old man said. “You’re with a lucky boat. Stay with them.” “But remember how you
went eighty-seven days without fish and then we caught big ones every day for three weeks.M “I remember，’’
the old man said. “I know you did not leave me because you doubted.” **It was papa made me leave. I am a
boy and 1 must obey him.” “I know，” the old man said. “It is quite normal.” “He hasn’t much faith.” “No，”
the old man said. “But we have. Haven’t we?” “Yes,” the boy said. “Can 1 offer you a beer on the Terrace
and then we’ll take the stuff home.” “Why not?” the old man said. “Between fishermen.”
(4) They sat on the Terrace and many of the fishermen made fun of the old man and he was not angry.
Others, of the older fishermen, looked at him and were sad. But they did not show it and they spoke politely
about the current and the depths they had drifted their lines at and the steady good weather and of what they
had seen. The successful fishermen of that day were already in and had butchered their marlin out and carried
them laid full length across two planks, with two men staggering at the end of each plank, to the fish house
where they waited for the ice truck to carry them to the market in Havana. Those who had caught sharks had
taken them to the shark factory on the other side of the bay where they were hoisted on a block and tackle,
their livers removed, their fins cut off and their hides skinned out and their flesh cut into strips for salting.
When the wind was in the east a smell came across the harbour from the shark factory; but today there was
only the faint edge of the odour because the wind had backed into the north and then dropped off and it was
pleasant and sunny on the Terrace.
(5) “Santiago，” the boy said. “Yes,” the old man said. He was holding his glass and thinking of many
• 180 •Part❿ 76篇阅读模拟集训
years ago. "Can I go out to get sardines for you for tomorrow?” “No. Go and play baseball. I can still row
and Rogelio will throw the net." “I would like to go. If I cannot fish with you. I would like to serve in
some way.” “You bought me a beer,” the old man said. “You are already a man.” “How old was I when
you first took me in a boat?" “Five and you nearly were killed when I brought the fish in and he nearly tore
the boat to pieces. Can you remember?” “I can remember the tail slapping and banging and the thwart
breaking and the noise of the clubbing. I can remember you throwing me into the bow where the wet coiled
lines were and feeling the whole boat shiver and the noise of you clubbing him like chopping a tree down
and the sweet blood smell all over me.” The old man looked at him with his sun-burned, confident loving
eyes.
(6) “If you were my boy，I’d take you out and gamble，” he said. “But you are your father's and
your mother’s and you are in a lucky boat.” “May I get the sardines? I know where I can get four baits
loo.” “I have mine left from today. I put them in salt in the box.” “Let me get four fresh ones.” “One，” the
old man said. His hope and his confidence had never gone. But now they were freshening as when the breeze
rises. “Two,” the boy said. “Two,” the old man agreed. “You didn’t steal them?” “1 would，” the boy said.
“But I bought these.” “Thank you，” the old man said. He was too simple to wonder when he had attained
humility. But he knew he had attained it and he knew it was not disgraceful and it carried no loss of true
pride.
(7) “Tomorrow is going to be a good day with this current,M he said. “Where are you going?” the boy
asked. 4uis Vuitton handbags, and every bit as precious. They hardly touch, like those shoals of translucent fish
that dart from one direction to another without colliding. The policemen use their batons like conductors,
keeping everything harmonious. But if you try to defy them, those batons will block your way faster than they
can say “Dame desu”一which is about as final as "Not on your life.”
(2) Such are the means by which order and harmony are maintained in Japan. There is a deep-rooted
respect for others, so ingrained that ground staff at Narita airport bow to departing planes as they taxi to the
runway. And there is a subtle coercion, like an invisible hand on society’s collar, based on centuries of
ancestor worship that has made many customs immutable. The attitudes have been shaped partly by the
physical landscape of Japan, which packs one of the most crowded populations on earth onto narrow plains,
bounded by sea and inhospitable mountains. For centuries the main activity has been rice farming, which
requires communal planting，weeding，watering and harvesting, rather than the rugged individualism of American
and European agriculture.
(3) 1 have been captivated by life here since I arrived a year ago, floating on a wave of adoration of most
things Japanese，yet getting in everyone’s way and doing everything wrong. I would jog around the Imperial
Palace in a clockwise direction, only to find everyone else running anti-clockwise, bearing down on me as if I
didn't exist. I wore short sleeves in early autumn, and couldn't work out why, when it was still blazing hot
outside, everyone had put on their jackets and ties again. After swimming with dolphins on the island of
Mikurajima this summer, my family and I went to a caf6 to have lunch, still in our damp bathing costumes.
Our hostess was so livid that at first I thought we must have set the place alight, not left a few damp seats
where our bottoms had been. Living as a foreigner in Japan, for all its attractions, has many such small
humiliations. You may be on a noble quest to plumb the depths of the Japanese soul, but you will take so
many wrong turns you end up wondering whether you are indeed too brutish to make sense of it.
(4) You may also be struck by how few of the locals have a matching interest in you and your culture.
That is because it increasingly seems as if the outside world一with its sharper elbows, fattier food and shoddy
dress sense一is kept at arm’s length. Fewer young Japanese are travelling abroad, fewer are studying English,
and fewer are taking places at leading academic institutions overseas such as Harvard Business School. Bosses
at Japan*s legendary export businesses complain they cannot find youngsters who are prepared to work abroad.
• 188 •Part © 76篇阅读模拟集训
Two clever young Japanese friends, just posted to excellent jobs in America, told me that Japan is so
comfortable they find it hard to leave.
(5)Yet as those friends are the first to admit, it is a cotton-wool comfort that keeps out alien germs— like
the surgical facemasks that many Japanese wear, so at odds with the rest of their perfect dress. To the
outsider, it can lend the society an air of feeble vulnerability. At times it is downright maddening. Foreign
A T M cards don’t work in most Japanese banks, Japanese movies—even the classics—rented at the ubiquitous
Tsutaya video store don't offer the option of foreign-language subtitles. Japanese mobile-phone technology is so
unusual that analysts talk of “the Galapagos effect”，because it has grown up in a unique eco-system that
makes it unsuitable for use anywhere else.
1. According to the passage, which is NOT seen as a cause for the order and harmony in Japan?
A. Forefather’s influence. B. The large population.
C. Geographical environment. D. The ingrained notions.
2. Which of the following statements about the third paragraph is INCORRECT?
A. The Japanese get accustomed to mn anti-clockwise.
B. It is a little difficult to probe into the Japanese mind for foreigners.
C. Having dinners in bathing costumes after swimming seems unacceptable in Japan.
D. Wearing short sleeves and pants is popular in a burning hot day during September.
3. In the author^ view, which of the following is NOT a fact that makes foreigners crazy in Japan?
A. The locals live too cozily and have no interest in foreign countries.
B. Most Japanese banks don't identify foreign A T M cards.
C. Movies for rent offer no choice of foreign-language subtitles.
D. The cell phone made in Japan is not suitable to use outside Japan.
4. According to the passage, we learn that .
A. citizens in Japan all drive to boutiques with a GPS in public holiday
B. young people in Japan are not hard-working in their academic study
C. Japan is a densely-populated country and unsuitable for living
D. Japan tends to live in isolation, shunning off from the rest of world
Passage Two
(l)The Muslim calendar, now in its 1,431st year, follows the cycle of the moon
rather than the sun. This means it shifts by 11 days a year in comparison with the
Gregorian calendar, completing a full cycle in about 33 years. And it ignores the
seasons. Ramadan (裔月），the month of fasting which this year began on August 12th，
is now taking place slap in the middle of the Arab world's summer holiday. Those
who observe the fast must not only put up with the heat and the ensuing dangers of dehydration and
exhaustion. There are economic costs that did not weigh a generation ago, when consumer culture had yet to
take hold. Across the Arab world, for instance, the price of cooking oil shoots up, since fried sweets are a
Ramadan speciality. The cost of sugar rises too. So does the price of honey, especially in the Maghreb. Food
importers do particularly well out of (开心果)，dates and dried apricots. Caf6s close by day but often
make up for that with late-night revels. Many big new television shows are launched during Ramadan,
accounting for a third of annual advertising revenue for Arab satellite television stations.
(2)But for many businesses, especially government ones, productivity plummets as the working day shortens
by two or three hours. The stock market, however, usually surges, according to a recent study by Ahmad
Etebari, a professor at the University of New Hampshire. Studying market patterns in Muslim countries between
1989 and 2007, he found that returns during Ramadan were almost nine times higher than in the rest of the
year. The reason, he says, is that the seasonal cheer encourages optimism and thus risk-taking.
• 189 •专八阅读
(3) But a summer Ramadan is，overall，bad for the economy. Governments worry about the higher cost of
producing more electricity. The lights stay on longer, as people have to eat after nightfall. Kuwait’s electricity
ministry has given warning of power cuts and electricity rationing, since more locals will stay at home for
Ramadan, with air conditioners on full throttle, rather than go abroad, as many of them usually do in August. The
authorities in many Arab countries offer food subsidies to ensure that families can afford basic staples. Price
controls are often imposed on retailers who are tempted to raise prices to take advantage of increased demand.
(4) Westem tourists hesitate to spend their holidays at a time when food can be hard to find during the
day and alcohol sales are suspended, as in Morocco. Muslim tourists may also choose to stay at home for
Ramadan. Egypt，where August is a peak month for tourists from other Arab countries, has launched a festival
to entice this high-income customers to come and celebrate away from home.
(5) Visits from the millions of North Africans who work in Europe have been shortened or shifted to
earlier dates，as they are less keen to visit their families back home when the weather is scorching. Ferry
companies say bookings for Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, which used to peak at the end of August as
families returned to Europe for the start of the school year, piled up at the beginning of the month, just before
Ramadan. Meanwhile, Arabs who can afford to fly north and west prefer to spend the fasting month in gentler
climes.
5. The italicized word "slap" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _____ •
A. coincidently B. auspiciously C. approximately D. unexpectedly
6. Which of the following is NOT true about the economic situation during Ramadan?
A. The increased demand of food used for Ramadan makes price rise.
B. The TV stations make a large fortune because of the advertising income.
C. Many industries achieve high-efficiency production because of shorter working time.
D. The stock market seems to be more bullish during this period of time.
7. To ensure the Ramadan run smoothly, the following measures are taken by governments of the Arab
countries EXCEPT _____ .
A. restricting and planning the electricity use B. encouraging the citizens to go abroad
C. providing the citizens with food subsidies D. controlling prices to hinder some opportunists
8. A suitable title for the passage would be
A. How Muslims Celebrate Ramadan B. Ramadan in the Summer Heat
C. The Economic Impact of Ramadan D. The Depression of Tourism during Ramadan
Passage Three
(1) Next time you're out raising money for your favorite charity, you would do
主 题：女性慈善
best to first hit up your female friends—or perhaps the wives of your male ones.
字 数:S42
Women, it appears, are much better givers.
建议用时：7分钟
(2) According to a recent study by the Women’s Philanthropy Institute at the
University of Indiana, women are as much as 40% more likely to donate than men.
What's more, women at nearly every income level are better givers. Not only do they give more often; they
also tend to donate more. For example, the study found that a female-headed household with a family income
of at least $103,(KK) is likely to give to charities, on average, nearly $1,910, or $1,0(K) more a year than a
similar household in which a man controls the checkbook.
(3) MIt is not just the older white males giving,n says Dr. Debra Mesch, the director of the institute. aW e
are seeing women really growing in terms of philanthropy/*
(4) The study, titled “Women Give 2010，’’ is，according to Mesch，the first to look at philanthropy by
gender. Mesch studied 2,532 single-headed households of comparable income and their giving habits. With
women steadily increasing their earning power, what she found is good news for the world of charity. "This is
• 190 •Part® 76篇阅读模拟集训
the perfect storm for philanthropy, and we are on the verge of a huge global movement as women become
more powerful in the philanthropic movement/* says Mesch.
(5) The gender giving gap varied by type of charity. The one category in which women were less likely
than men to give to a charity was arts and culture. For all other causes that Mesch looked at, women were
more likely donors. Women were 55% more likely donors to international causes than men, 42% more likely
to religious organizations, and 32% more likely to youth and family groups.
(6) The study shows another big difference: women are more drawn than men to causes and organizations
they or family members closely relate to. Professional fundraiser Heather Gee realized that finding her interests
gave her focus. “Instead of just writing a check to this charity or that charity, I started to really explore what
I was passionate about and what was most important to me,” she says. That means organizations have to take
the time to foster relationships, Mesch says. “It is easier to work with men who get out their checkbooks and
put names on buildings. It is different to work with women.”
(7) Mark Hanlon, senior vice president of the Colorado-based nonprofit Compassion International, says the
Indiana study rings true to him. For his group, 60% of its donors are women. As a Christian organization
aiming to pull children out of poverty globally, Compassion International falls right in line with what the report
says is a sweet spot for female givers. "Ultimately, our cause and what we do is about children and poverty，”
Hanlon says. “Very naturally, women gravitate toward those two issues. They understand it acutely, and there
is a natural leaning for Compassion to be attractive to them."
(8) Mesch says not enough nonprofits have discovered the strength of targeting female givers and that there
is room for research. “Now we know the difference of behavior，” she says. “W e need to go deeper into why
this is happening.”
9. Compared with men, women are more likely to donate in the following categories EXCEPT _____•
A. religious organizations B. international affairs
C. arts and culture D. family and teenager group
10. Which of the following sentences is NOT true about the differences between men and women donors?
A. Women are often attracted by the affairs and organizations relevant to their families.
B. When involved in leaving names on buildings，men will be more enthusiastic than women.
C. Women are highly motivated in saving children and helping the poor.
D. Women donate more often than men but the sum is relatively smaller each time.
11. The following paragraphs are expected to focus on _____ .
A. exploring the reasons that cause the differences between men and women donors
B. exemplifying the distinguished features between men and women donors
C. explaining why the result of the research is in coincidence with Hanlon’s words
D. informing how to win over the women donors by analyzing their features
Passage Four
Y 1 (1) Of all the catastrophes that could befall America in coming years, a big
主 题：经济问题
terrorist attack，perhaps even bigger than those on September 11th 2001, may be
字 数:635
more likely than others. Who would pay for the millions in property damage,
建议用时：9分钟
business losses and other claims from such an attack?
(2) This is the question with which America's Congress is currently wrestling. The
Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA) was passed as a temporary measure after September 11th to provide a
government back-stop for the insurance industry in the event of a catastrophic attack. It now says government
can step in when insured losses from a terrorist event top $5m. TRIA has helped to stabilize the market, and
enabled insurers to continue offering terrorism-risk cover even after swallowing the big losses imposed by
September 11th. But unless Congress acts fast, TRIA will expire at the end of the year. One likely result is
• 191 •专八阅读
the loss of terrorism-risk cover for thousands of firms and property owners. This, in turn, could disrupt
businesses and make some commercial activity impossible. With modifications, TRIA should be extended.
(3) The government has been opposed to extension. It has always seen TRIA as a short-term measure, and
has argued that Ihe private sector should assume sole responsibility for terrorism insurance. This is the right
goal. A purely private solution would be best, lifting any future burden from the taxpayer and relying on the
industry to price and spread risks more accurately than any government can do. But relying entirely on the
private sector immediately does not look feasible. With TRIA's expiration looming, insurers and reinsurers have
not rushed to write new contracts for next year offering to fall gaps in terrorism cover.
(4) Why the hesitation? Unlike other risks, the threat of terrorism cannot be forecast in time or scope,
making a mockery of insurers' underwriting models. A big chemical, biological or nuclear attack is a prospect
few can price, or afford to cover. Insurers are already being threatened with downgrades by rating agencies for
the terrorism cover they have sold.
(5>One reason is that insurance, far from being a free market，is already one of the most heavily regulated
of industries. Operating in a highly distorted marketplace, with 50 state regulators, the insurance industry seems
to be having trouble pricing the largest of terrorism risks in a way that is credible and can still offer insurers
a profit. Letting TRIA expire, and abruptly withdrawing the government role in insuring the largest losses,
would just exacerbate this problem.
(6) Any renewal of TRIA should, once again, be limited to two years, say. Its extension must also shift
more of the burden, and the business, to the private sector. If an extension is agreed and TRIA's threshold for
government intervention is raised substantially, work should begin now to find better longer-term solulions. One
place to look is abroad，where governments have dealt with terrorism risk for years. In Britain，for instance，
insurers have created a pool of capital that is backed by the government and，over time，shifts a greater share
of risk on to the private sector. Other options to consider include tax changes that reduce the cost of holding
capital by insurers and reinsurers, and facilitating the use of catastrophe bonds.
(7) With fewer regulatory distortions of insurance markets, a solely private solution maybe attainable in the
long run. In the current environment, though, the government that regularly warns of terrorist threats must still
have a role to play in a solution that safeguards America's financial security. It would be better to plan ahead
than wait for a rushed, Kalrina-style bail-out after a big attack. Amid all the uncertainties, one thing seems
clear; any such bail-out would be more costly and lead to also greater market distortions without an extension
of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act today.
12. Which of the following statements about TRIA is true?
A. It provides insurance to properties in high-risk areas.
B. It should be extended as it is now.
C. It requires government support to risk insurance.
D. It has caused a substantial loss of revenue to the state.
13. In terrorism insurance, the private sector _____ •
A. makes efficient use of the tax revenue in subsidizing insurance loss
B. has strength in sharing the risk with other stakeholders in society
C. is more economically efficient in offering short-term insurance
D. relies on the government to provide insurance for their loss
14. The private sector is hesitant in taking sole responsibility for terrorism insurance because _____ .
A. their current pricing models cannot estimate terrorism attacks properly
B. they do not often insure things they cannot forecast
C. they are threatened by loss of other insurance takers
D. they do not have regulator-approved contracts that cover terrorism attacks
• 192 •Part❿ 76篇阅读模拟集训
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
In this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each
question in NO more than 10 words.
Passage One
15. What do many Japanese do on a rare public holiday?
16. What rhetorical device is employed in the sentence "And there is a subtle coercion, like an invisible
hand on society’s collar". (2nd Paragraph)” ？
Passage Two
17. Why are western tourists unwilling to visit Muslim countries for their vacation during Ramadan?
18. Why do some Arabs spend Ramadan in the north and west?
Passage Three
19. What does the study by the Womens Philanthropy Institute conclude?
Passage Four
20. What should the extension of TRIA aim at?
21. What would be caused if the government let TRIA expire?
22. What is the author^ attitude in developing the argument in this passage?
< 答案与详解
SECTION A
Passage One
1. |B|【解析】可定位到第2 段，根据第2 段第3 、4 句可知，日本几个世纪以来的祖先崇拜使很多习俗永远无法改
变；日本人对人和事的态度部分是由口本的景观造成的。A (祖先的影响）、C (地理环境）、D (根深蒂固的传
统观念）都是日本社会有序而和谐的原因。而B (人口众多）并非原因，相反，根据常识，应是一个阻碍因素，
故正确答案是B 。
2. 丨【)】【解析】第3 段主要描述作者发现自己的行为跟日本人的格格不人，当他按顺时针方向慢跑时，却发现其他
人都是按逆时针方向跑的；在初秋仍然炎热的时候他穿着短袖，却发现日本人又穿上外套、戴上领带了；夏
天游完泳穿着泳衣去咖啡厅吃午饭却发现女老板气得脸色发青。选项A 、C 与描述相符,D 不符合，故正确
答案是D_ B 可以从该段最后一句看出来，B 中的difficult与文中的take so many wrong turns相符。
3. |A ]【解析丨根据第5 段最后3 句话的描述可知，国外的银行卡在大多数曰本银行都用不了（B );影碟出租店里
出租的日本电影一一即使是经典大片—— 也没有外文字幕选择(C);日本的移动电话技术也很不同寻常，
使得其手机只适合在日本用（D )。故 B 、C 、D 都是作者认为能让人抓狂的琪情（At times it is downright
maddening)。A 虽然是事实，但作者只是客观描述，并没有讲到这是令人抓狂的亊情，故答案是A ;
4 .丨 D ] 【解析】文中第4 段讲到，日本人故步自封，不愿意出国、学习外语及到国外工作，同时对外国文化也不屑一
顾。文章最后的几个例子（外国A T M 卡不能在日本国内使用、电影不配外文字箱、日产手机只适合在曰本
使用）也充分说明了日本与外界脱离，故 D 正确。第一段讲到H 本居民像被安装了定位系统一样，在假曰纷
纷奔向楮品店购物，作者这儿是使用了修辞手法,A III丨解原文B 说法以偏概全，日本年轻人只是很少学习
外文等。
. 193 .专八阅读
Passage Two
5. |A]【解析】如果按照公历年，搜斯林的斋月每年的时间不一样。首段第3 句的意思是今年的拉马丹，也就是8
月 12 IJ幵始的斋月，正是阿拉伯世界M 热的时期:，句中slap的意思是“正好，恰好”，只有A 与之意思M 为
接近。
6. 丨C ] 【解析】定位到第1 段和第2 段。根据第1 段可知，供斋月用的食品在此期间暴涨，食品商们因此赚得盆满
钵足；各种各样全新的电视节目在斋月期间登陆阿拉伯各卫星电视台，为他们带来全年1/3的广告收人；根
据第2 段第丨- 3 句可知，斋月期间由于工作时间减少，生产力下降，股票在这个时期看涨；A 、B 、D 都与文访
内荇相符，lfiiC“因为工作时间缩短，工作效率提高”与文章内容不符，故答案是C 。
7. 丨B 1 【解析】定位到第3 段 根 据 第 3 段最后两句可知，为了将经济影响降到最低，科威特电力部已经发出断电
和电力定M 配给的筲告，很多阿拉伯国家的政府部门提供食品补貼，并对零俾商们实施价格监控。因此A
(限制和计划用电）、C( 为市民提供食物津贴>、D(对物品价格进行控制，以防止投机分子）都是政府在斋月
期间采取的冇利经济的措施，而 B (鼓励市民出国）并非政府的措施，文中提到的go abroad是人们以往在8
月份的做法，并非受到政府的鼓励，因此选B 。
8. [B]【解析】本文主要描述了阿拉伯W 家的斋月及酷暑中的斋月对生活、经济及旅游业带来的影响只有B 意
思M 广泛，可以旗括文章主题，因此B 符合题意。
Passage Three
9. 丨C j 【解析】根据题意可定位到第5 段，根据该段第2-4句可知，在艺术和文化领域，女性较之男性不易产生慈
善行为，正确答案为但在其他领域，比方说闰际性事业，宗教组织及青少年、家庭群体上，女性都更易参
与慈善， A 、B 、D 都是女性容易参与慈善的领域，故排除。
10. [D1【解析】文章第2 段第3 句讲到女性不仅捐款频率更高，数额也更大，因此D 说法有误，本题选D :第6 段
第丨句讲到“女性史'易被与她们或家人紧密相关的事业及组织吸引”，该段最后一句说“葬捐时，如果在纪
念建筑物上留名，男性会很爽快地开支票”,第 7 段最后几句话指出，女性确实是慈善的最佳募捐对象，因
为她们非常关注儿宽与贫闲问题。A 、B 、C 都是对男女捐W 者不同之处的描述。
11. [A ]【解析】定位到第8 段，需考虑前面几段的内容。根据第8 段最后一句可知，在明白了男性和女性之间捐
赠的差异之后，接下来就是要探究差异产生的深层原因，故 A (探讨差异产生的原因）符合题意，同时排除
其他三项。
Passage Four
12. [ C l 【解析】从第2 段第2 句可知，T R I A 是9*1丨恐怖主义袭击之后通过的，是在发生灾难性袭击的情况下，
由政府为保险业提供后备支持的暂时性法案，故本题选C 。T R I A 并不直接提供保险，而是为保险公司提
供支持，因此排除A ;该段最后一句表明延期该法案需要在修改法案的前提下，B 中的as it is n o w 与之
相矛® ; 文帝没有提到法案给政府带来的财政损失，而且全文的观点是支持其延期的，故排除D 。
13. 丨B 1 【解析】第3 段第4 句指出，完全依靠私有部门可以最好地减轻纳税人未来的负担，通过行业本身更准确
地设定价格并分担风险，可见the private sector是可以发挥1 要作用的，故选B 。A 与“可以最好地减轻纳
税人未来的负担”意思相悖，故错误；根据嵌后一段首句可知，只依靠私有公司的办法在长期内才有效，W
此C 错误；政府只是提供后备支持，并非为损伤买单，因此D 说法不对。
14. 丨A ] 【解析】文章第4 段 Why the hesitation之后的内容为査找点。后面几句话指出，和其他的风险不同，恐怖
主义的威胁在时间和规投上都无法预测，因此使得保险公司的赔偿模式无法施展。这些袭击发生后，赔偿
数额很难界定或者无力偿付。评分机构对保险公司已出售的恐怖亊件类保险的打分降低,A 与该意思吻合。
SECTION B
Passage One
15. Going to the fashionable boutiques to shop.
【解析】根据题目中的a rare public holiday定位到第1 段。该段第2 句说日本居民像被安装了定位系统一样，在
• 194 •Part® 76篇阅读模拟集训
难得的假日里都涌向作者京东家附近的时尚精品店购物，可见答案为Going to the fashionable
boutiques to shop,,
16. Simile.
【解析】题目中的句子出现了比喻间like,因此该句子采用了明喻(simile)的修辞手法。明喻常用as或 like等比喻
词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物联系起来。
Passage Two
17. Because food and alcohol are hard to get.
【解析】根据题目中的western tourists定位到第4 段。根据第4 段第1 句可知，西方游客不想这个时候在类似摩洛
哥这种国家度假是因为这里白天买不到食物，酒精类饮料的销售又被禁止，故答案可概括为Because food
and alcohol are hard to get。
18. Because of the gentler climes there.
【解析I 根据题目中的Arabs和north and west定位到最后一段最后一句。该句说能买得起机票飞到北部和西部
的阿拉伯人更情愿在气候温和的地方过斋月，可见是因为那些地方的温和气候，故答案为Because of the
gentler climes there c
Passage Three
19. Women are more generous than men in terms of philanthropy.
【解析】根据题目中的the study by the Women’s Philanthropy Institute定位到第2 段，该段提到研究结果ffi示女
性比男性更容易产生慈善行为，捐款频率更高，数E1相对更多，故答案可概括为Women are more gener
ous than men in terms of philanthropy 〇
Passage Four
20. Making the private sector take responsibility.
【解析】从第6 段第2 句可知，T R I A 延期必须将更多的重任转给私有部门承担，所以T R 1 A 延期需瞄准私有部门
承担责任，答案为 Making the private sector take responsibility。
21. More costly bail-out and greater market distortions.
【解析】文章最后一句指出如果T R 1 A 不延期，这种大灾难之后政府的紧急出资救市将会花费更多的钱，并导致市
场更加扭曲。题H 中的let TRIA expire对应原文的without an extension...,该内容是条件，结果可从该句
前面内容获得，答案可概括为 More costly bail-out and greater market distortions。
22. Being worried.
【解析】文章多次强调T R I A 过期之日在即，同时多次指出如果不延期可能产生的负面影响，由此可看出作者主张
让T R I A 延期的焦虑不安的心情，答案可表述为Being worried。
• 195 •T e s t
⑥
SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each
multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked Ay B, C and D. Choose the one that you
think is the best answer.
Passage One
(l)On the 12lh day of March 1847, in the rue Laffitte, I happened upon a large
~ 1
主 题：文学选段
yellow notice announcing a sale of furniture and valuable curios. An estate was to be
字 数：956
disposed of, the owner having died. The notice did not name the dead person, but
建议用时：丨4分钟
Ihe sale was to be held at 9 rue d'Antin on the 16lh, between noon and five
L------- ：~ 」
o'clock. The notice also stated that the apartments and contents could be viewed on
the 13th and 14th.
(2) 1 have always been interested in curios. I promised myself I would not miss this opportunity, if not of
actually buying, then at least of looking.
(3) The following day, I directed my steps towards 9 rue d'Antin.
(4) It was early, and yet a good crowd of visitors had already gathered in the apartment, men for the most
part, but also a number of ladies who, though dressed in velvet and wearing Indian shawls, and all with their
own elegant broughams standing at the door, were examining the riches set out before them with astonished,
even admiring eyes.
(5) After a while, I quite saw the reason for their admiration and astonishment, for having begun myself to
look around I had no difficulty in recognizing that I was in the apartment of a kept woman. Now if there is
one thing that ladies of fashion desire to see above all else, and there were society ladies present, it is the
rooms occupied by those women who have carriages which spatter their own with mud every day of the week,
who have their boxes at the Opera or the Theatre-Italien just as they doT and indeed next to theirs, and who
display for all Paris to see the insolent opulence of their beauty, diamonds and shameless conduct.
(6) The woman in whose apartments I now found myself was dead: the most virtuous of ladies were thus
able to go everywhere, even into the bedroom. Death had purified the air of this glittering den of iniquity.
And in any case they could always say，if they needed the excuse，that they had done no more than come to
a sale without knowing whose rooms these were. I had read the notices, they had wanted to view what the
notices advertised and mark out their selections in advance. It could not have been simpler, though this did not
prevent them from looking through these splendid things for traces of the secret life of a courtesan of which
they had doubtless been given very strange accounts.
(7) Unfortunately, the mysteries had died with the goddess, and in spite of their best endeavours these good
ladies found only what had been put up for sale since the time of death, and could detect nothing of what
had been sold while the occupant had been alive.
(8) But there was certainly rich /wofy (战利品）to be had. The furniture was superb. Rosewood and
Buhl-work pieces. Severs vases and blue china porcelain, Dresden figurines, satins, velvet and lace, everything in
fact.
(9) 1 wandered from room to room in the wake of these inquisitive aristocratic ladies who had arrived
before me. They went into a bedroom hung with Persian fabrics and I was about to go in after them, when
• 196 •Part ® 76篇阅读模拟集训
they came out again almost immediately, smiling and as it were put to shame by this latest revelation. The
effect was to make me even keener to see inside. It was the dressing-room, complete down to the very last
details, in which the dead woman's profligacy (#1?) had seemingly reached its height.
(10)On a large table standing against one wall，it measured a good six feet by three, shone the finest
treasures of Aucoc and Odiot. It was a magnificent collection, and among the countless objects each so
essential to the appearance of the kind of woman in whose home we had gathered, there was not one that was
not made of gold or silver. But it was a collection that could only have been assembled piece by piece，and
clearly more than one love had gone into its making.
(11 )I, who was not the least put out by the sight of the dressing-room of a kept woman, spent some time
agreeably inspecting its contents, neglecting none of them, and I noticed that all these magnificently wrought
implements bore different initials and all manner of (宝冠）.
(12) As I contemplated all these things, each to my mind standing for a separate prostitution of the poor
girl, I reflected that God had been merciful lo her since He had not suffered her to live long enough to
undergo the usual punishment but had allowed her to die at the height of her wealth and beauty, long before
the coming of old age, that first death of courtesans.
(13) Indeed, what sadder sight is there than vice in old age，especially in a woman? It has no dignity and
is singularly unattractive. Those everlasting regrets, not for wrong turnings taken but for wrong calculations
made and money foolishly spent, are among the most harrowing things that can be heard. I once knew a
former woman of easy virtue of whose past life there remained only a daughter who was almost as beautiful
as the mother had once been, or so her contemporaries said. This poor child, to whom her mother never said
“You are my daughterM except to order her to keep her now that she was old just as she had been kept when
she was young，this wretched creature was called Louise and，in obedience to her mother, she sold herself
without inclination or passion or pleasure, rather as she might have followed an honest trade had it ever
entered anyone’s head to teach her one.
1. According to the passage, we can infer that while alive, the apartment owner .
A. enjoyed beauty, fame and wealth in Paris
B. was admired and respected by those ladies present
C. looked down upon those ladies of upper society
D. had a close connection with those ladies present
2. The sentence "Death had purified the air of this glittering den of iniquity*' in Para. 6 means
A. those noble ladies would never come here if not for the owner’s death
B. the apartment became much neater after the owner’s death
C. the deeds of the owner of the apartment were forgiven after her death
D. the owner of the apartment became innocent because of her death
3. The reason for those ladies of upper society appearing in the apartment is that ________.
A. they wanted to buy some curios on sale
B. they wanted to discover the secret life of the dead
C. they were curious about the sale in the apartment
D. they wanted to show condolences to the dead
4. Which of the following indicates the lavishness of the dead most?
A. The splendid furniture in the apartment.
B. The Persian fabrics hung in a bedroom.
C. Having boxes at the Opera or the Theatre-Italien.
D. The collection of treasures in the dressing room.
5. Which of the following words best describes the author's feeling towards the dead?
A. Scornful. B. Admiring. C. Appreciating. D. Sympathetic.
• 197 •专八阅读
Passage Two
r 、
(l)Any education that matters is liberal. All the saving truths and healing graces
主 题：大学教育
that distinguish a good education from a bad one，or a full education from a half
字 数：997
empty one are contained in that word. Whatever ups and downs the term “liberal”
建议用时：17分钟 suffers in the political vocabulary, it soars above all controversy in the educational
L------___________________J
world. In the blackest pits of education the squirming victim has only to ask,
“What’s the liberal about this?” to shame his persecutors. In times past a liberal education set off a free man
from a slave or a gentleman from laborers and artisans. It now distinguishes whatever nourishes the mind and
spirit from the training which is merely professional or practical or from the trivialities which are no training
at all. Such an education involves a combination of knowledge, skills and standards.
(2)So far as knowledge is concerned，the record is ambiguous. It is sufficiently confused for the fact-filled
freak who excels in quiz shows to have passed himself off in some company as an educated man. More
respectable is the notion that there are some things which every educated man ought to know; but many highly
educated men would cheerfully admit to a vast ignorance，and the framers of curriculums have differed greatly
in the knowledge they prescribe. If there have been times when all students at school or college studied the
same things, as if it were obvious that without exposure to a common body of knowledge they would not be
educated at all, there have been other times when specialization ran so wild that it might almost seem as if
educated men had abandoned the thought of ever talking to each other once their education was completed.
(3) If knowledge is one of our marks, we can hardly be dogmatic about the kind or the amount. A single
fertile field tilled with care and imagination can probably develop all the instincts of an educated man.
However，if the framer of a curriculum wants to minimize his risks, he can invoke an ancient doctrine which
holds that an educated man ought to know a little about everything and a lot about something.
(4) The “little about everything” is best interpreted these days by those who have given most thought to
the sort of general education an informed individual ought to have. More is required than a sampling of the
introductory courses which specialists offer in their own disciplines. Courses are needed in each of the major
divisions of knowledge—the humanities, the natural sciences and social sciences—which are organized with the
breadth of view and the imaginative power of competent staffs who understand the needs of interested amateurs.
But over and above this exciting smattering (略懂）of knowledge, students should bite deeply into at least one
subject and taste its full flavor. It is not enough to be dilettantes in everything without striving also to be
craftsmen in something.
(5) If there is some ambiguity about the knowledge an educated man should have, there is none at all
about the skills. The first is simply the training of mind in capacity to think clearly. This has always been the
business of education，but the way it is done varies enormously. Marshalling the notes of lecture is one
experience; the opportunity to argue with a teacher is another. Thinking within an accepted tradition is one
thing; to challenge the tradition itself is another. The best results are achieved when the idea of the examined
life is held firmly before the mind and when the examination is conducted with the zest, rigor, and freedom
which really stretches everyone's capacities.
(6) The vital aid to clear thought is the habit of approaching everything we hear and everything we are taught
to believe with a certain skepticism. The method of using doubt as an examiner is a familiar one among
scholars and scientists, but it is also the best protection which a citizen has against the humbug that surrounds us.
(7) To be able to listen to a deceptive argument and to see its dishonesty is surely one of the marks of an
educated man. W e may not need to be educated to possess some of this quality. A shrewd peasant was always
well enough protected against imposters in the market place, and we have all sorts of businessmen who have
made themselves excellent judges of deceptions without the benefit of a high school diploma; but this kind of
shrewdness goes along without a great deal of credulity. Outside the limited field within which experience has
taught the peasant or the illiterate businessman his lessons, he is often hopelessly gullible. The educated man,
by contrast, has tried to develop a critical faculty for general use, and he likes to think that he is fortified
• 198 •Part❿ 76篇阅读模拟集训
against imposture in all its forms.
(8)It does not matter for our purposes whether to imposter is a deliberate liar or not. Some are, but the
commonest enemies of mankind are the unconscious frauds. Most salesmen under the intoxication of their own
exuberance seem to believe in what they say. Most experts whose expertise is only a pretentious sham behave
as if they had been solemnly inducted into some kind of priesthood. Very few demagogues are so cynical as
to remain undeceived by their own rhetoric, and some of the worst tyrants in history have been fatally sincere.
W e can leave the disentanglement of motives to the students of fraud and error, but we cannot afford to be
taken in by the shams.
(9)We are, of course, surrounded by shams. Until recently the schools were full of them—the notion that
education can be had without tears, that puffed rice is a better intellectual diet than oatmeal，that adjustment to
the group is more important than knowing where the group is going，and that democracy has made it a sin to
separate the sheep from the goats. Mercifully, these are much less evident now than they were before Sputnik
startled us into our wits.
6. The sentence “Any education that matters is liberal.”（Para. 1) implies that to some extent .
A. a good education provides freedom for students
B. liberal is the only standard of a good education
C. the criteria of judging education is relevant to liberal
D. the goal of education is to achieve spiritual freedom
7. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is N O T true?
A. The curriculum-makers usually have different teaching contents.
B. Well-educated men are bound to perform well after graduation.
C. Many well-educated men didn’t deny their unknown in some fields.
D. The fact-filled man is not necessarily an educated man.
8. The word “dogmatic” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to ________.
A. critical B. clear C. serious D. irresolute
9. The italicized word "dilettantes" in Para. 4 refers to people who ________.
A. are devoted to one branch of learning B. are excellent in everything
C. do not study a subject thoroughly D. know nothing except his own profession
10. Which of the following about Para. 5 and Para. 6 is INCORRECT?
A. The purpose of learning is to cultivate the ability of thinking.
B. Using doubt as an examiner can benefit common people.
C. The answer of what skills an educated man should have is clear.
D. The best way to improve one's ability is to debate with others regularly.
Passage Three
(l)Dinges is one of the few women in the Army certified at level 2 combat.
主 题：医学知识
Level 2 involves a lot of training with two attackers on one, she explains, with the
字 数:963
hope of "you being the one guy getting out alive.” In the years ahead,Dinges may
建议用时：14分钟 face an even harder fight. She belongs to a family carrying the gene for fatal familial
insomnia. The main symptom of FF1, as the disease is often called, is the inability to
sleep. First the ability to nap disappears，then the ability to get a full night’s sleep, until the patient cannot
sleep at all. The syndrome usually strikes when the sufferer is in his or her 50s, ordinarily lasts about a year,
and, as the name indicates，always ends in death.
(2)FFI is an awful disease, made even worse by the fact that we know so little about how it works. After
years of study，researchers have figured out that in a patient with FFI, malformed proteins called prions attack
the sufferer’s thalamus，a structure deep in the brain, and that a damaged thalamus interferes with sleep. But
they don’t know why this happens, or how to stop it, or ease its brutal symptoms. Before FFI was
• 199 •专八阅读
investigated, most researchers didn't even know ihe thalamus had anything to do with sleep. FF1 is exceedingly
rare, known in only 40 families worldwide. But in one respect, it's a lot like the less serious kinds of
膽 /a (失眠症）plaguing millions of people today: It’s pretty much a mystery. <
(3)If we don't know why we can't sleep, it*s in part because we don't really know why we need to sleep
in the first place. W e know we miss it if we don't have it. And we know that no matter how much we try
to resist it, sleep conquers us in the end. W c know that seven to nine hours after giving in to sleep, most of
us are ready to get up again，and 15 to 17 hours after that we are tired once more. W e have known for 50
years that we divide our sleep between periods of deep-wave sleep and what is called rapid eye movement
(REM) sleep, when the brain is as active as when we’re awake, hut our voluntary muscles are paralyzed. W e
know that all mammals and birds sleep. A dolphin sleeps with half its brain awake so it can remain aware of
its underwater environment. When wild ducks sleep in a line, the two outermost birds are able to keep half of
their brains alert and one eye open to guard against predators. Fish, reptiles, and insects all experience some
kind of repose too.
(4) The predominant theory of sleep is that the brain demands it. This idea derives in part from common
sense_ whose head doesn't feel clearer after a good night's sleep? But the trick is to confirm this assumption
with real data. How does sleeping help the brain? The answer may depend on what kind of sleep you are
talking about. Recently， researchers at Harvard led by Robert Stickgold tested undergraduates on various
aptitude tests, allowed them to nap，then tested them again. They found that those who had engaged in R E M
sleep subsequently performed better in pattern recognition tasks, such as grammar, while those who slept deeply
were better at memorization. Other researchers have found that the sleeping brain appears to repeat a pattern of
neuron firing that occurred while the subject was recently awake, as if in sleep the brain were trying to
commit to long-term memory what it had learned that day.
(5) Such studies suggest that memory consolidation may be one function of sleep. Giulio Tononi, a noted
sleep researcher at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, published an interesting twist on this theory a few
years ago: His study showed that the sleeping brain seems to weed out redundant or unnecessary connections.
So the purpose of sleep may be to help us remember what’s important，by letting us forget what’s not.
(6) Sleep is likely to have physiological purposes too: That patients with FFI never live long is likely
significant. A lot of interest has focused on what exactly kills them, but we still don’t know. Do they literally
die from lack of sleep? And if not, to what extent does sleeplessness contribute to the conditions that kill
them? Some researchers have found that sleep deprivation impedes wound healing in rats, and others have
suggested that sleep helps boost the immune system and control infection. But these studies are not conclusive.
(7)In the most famous attempt to figure out why we sleep, in the 1980s, Rechtschaffen forced rats to stay
awake in his University of Chicago lab by placing them on a disk suspended on a spindle over a tank of
water. If the rats fell asleep, the disk would turn and throw them in the water; when they fell into the water,
they immediately woke up. After about two weeks of this strict enforcement of sleeplessness, all the rats were
dead. But when Rechtschaffen performed necropsies on the animals, he could not find anything significantly
wrong with them. Their organs were not damaged; they appeared to have died from exhaustion一that is, from
not sleeping. A follow-up experiment in 2002, with more sophisticated instruments, again failed to find “an
unambiguous cause of death" in the rats. At Stanford University I visited William Dement, the retired dean of
sleep studies, a co-discoverer of R E M sleep, and co-founder of the Stanford Sleep Medicine Center. I asked
him to tell me what he knew, after 50 years of research, about the reason we sleep. “As far as I know,” he
answered, Mthe only reason we need to sleep that is really, really solid is because we get sleepy."
11. Which of the following statements about FFI is N O T true?
A. People suffering from it can rarely survive.
B. It is relevant to deformed proteins found in brain.
C. It is affecting millions of people all over the world.
D. Researchers can do virtually nothing about it.
• 200 •Part © 76篇阅读模拟集训
12. The third paragraph of the passage serves to .
A. explain why people and animals need sleep
B. summarize the functions of sleep
C. summarize what people have known about sleep
D. describe what harm is brought about by lack of sleep
13. Which of (he following statements about sleep is N O T true according to the passage?
A. In R E M sleep, our voluntary muscles stay still.
B. Sleep can help people learn grammar.
C. Sleep may help consolidate memory.
D. Our mind usually becomes clearer after a good sleep.
14 The statement 'Giulio TononL published an interesting twist on this theory" (Para. 5) means that .
A. his finding is similar to the previous theory
B. his finding is superior to the previous theory
C. his finding is the development of the previous theory
D. his finding is totally different from the previous theory
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
In this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each
question in NO more than 10 words.
Passage One
15. What category of writing does the passage belong to?
16. According to the author, why is vice for a woman in old age the saddest thing?
Passage Two
17. What does a liberal education relate to?
18. What does the notion uknow a little about everything" embody?
19. What point does the author reveal by mentioning the notion in the last paragraph?
Passage Three
20. What is the main trouble the patients with FFI have to face?
21. What does “repose” in the third paragraph mean?
22. What did Rechtschaffen want to find out in his research in the 1980s?
c ^ 案 — 解 卜
SECTION A
Passage One
1. [A】【解析】第 5 段末句指出屋主和那些上流社会女人一样拥有马车，在剧院的包厢里看戏，并且向整个巴黎
炫耀美丽、财富和不知羞耻的行径，这与beauty,fame和wealth相符，故 A 为答案。另外，第 8 段讲述妓女
. 201 •专八阅读
公寓里的豪华家具，第 10段描述卧室的金银珠宝，都S 示了她的富有。B 有一定的迷惑性，文章第4 段讲到
那些上流社会的女人“用惊讶甚至是羡慕的眼神看笤公寓里的财富”，但这并不等同于她们对已故妓女的
态度是“羡慕的；W 敬的”，且从第5 段末句的shameless — 词可以看出，她们其实持鄙夷的态度。
2. 丨A 丨【解析】该句的字面意思是“死亡已经净化了这个富丽而淫秽的场所的空气”，由于该公寓的主人是一名妓
女，故才有den of iniquity(充满罪恶或不道德的活动的地方）之说。前面讲到最贞洁的妇女们（the most
virtuous of ladies)现在在主人死后可以自由出人这个地方，进行参观。可见，作者这儿的意思是说，妓女的
死好像净化了这里的空气，那些高贵、贞洁的女人们得以在她死后大肆参观，W 此 A 是正确的理解5
3. [B]【解析】报据题f 定位到第6 段。本段作者讲述她们可以借口是为了拍卖才来的，或者想来见识一下广告上
介绍的东西，预先挑选一番，而这并不妨码她们窥探这个妓女留下的生活痕迹。由此可见“窥探她的生活”
才是她们到场的真正目的，所以正确答案为B 。
4. 丨D 1 【解析】根据题十定位到第9 段。该段末句指出梳妆间里摆满各种梢致的梳妆用品，从这里可以肴出死者
生前的奢侈似乎已经达到了顶峰(reach its height),故D 为正确答案。
5. 丨丨)丨【解析丨根据题干定位到12段 该 段 讲 述 ，每一件奢华摆设都让作者联想到那个可怜姑娘的每一次肉体交
易。作者讲到，这个妓女在最貌美M 富有的时候死去是上帝对她的仁慈.因为对妓女来说，衰老就是她们的
第一次死亡。从 merciful, the poor girl, suffered her等看出，作者对这个妓女颇为怜倘，因此选D 。
Passage Two
6. |B1【解析】第 1 段第2 句中指出“好的教育和差的教育、完整教育和半吊子教育的区别蕴含在liberal— 词中”，
可见“liberal"是评判教育好坏的唯一标准，B 与此相符，故为答案。A 只是取丨iberal —词的字面意义，而由
第 1 段最后一句可知liberal education指通才教疗，故应排除;C 中的relevant — 词_ 蛇添足，判定教育的
标准就是丨iberal,而非与其相关;D “教育的目的是达到心灵的自由"并非该句的意思。
7• 丨B 】【解析】根据第2 段第3 句可知A 、C 正确；该段第2 句讲到“有这样一种奇怪的人，他们在问答比赛节目中
表现出色，W 而到了公司也W 充（passed himself off)是educated man.这实在很令人费解"可见，作者并不
认为fact-filled m a n 就一定是educated man , D说法正确；B 没有原文支持，W 此选B 。
8_ |B]【解析】文章第2 段首句以及第5 段首句都指出，如果将“知识”作为an educated m a n 的标志.那么对于所
要掌握知识的多少和门类的要求是很模糊的，即没有一个明确的标准，由此可知.此处dogmatic应是“确定
的”之意，故选B 。
9.【C 】【解析】由该句中的not enough to b e 可知dilettantes应略带贬义，可排除A 、B ;又由该句后半句中
without., craftsmen in something可知D 也不符,故应选C n dilettantes实际意为“浅薄涉猎者，业余爱好者"。
10• 丨D ] 【解析】A 与第5 段第2 句“教存的目的是培养清晰地思考的能力”相符；B 与第6 段最后一句... but it
is also a best protection...相符；C 与第6 段首句相符；由第5 段iS后一句中的the best results are
achieved...可知“增长能力的最佳途径是与常人辩论”与文章意思不符，故D 为答案。
Passage Three
11. 【C】【解析】根据题干和选项定位至第1、2 段 第 2 段第5 句指出，FFI极为罕见，全球有40个家庭遭受其害，
而由第6 句可知，折磨千百万人的是程度较轻的失眠症.故C 与原文不符，为本题答案。第 1 段最后一
句提到FFI病人通常会在发病1 年后死去，A 意思与之吻合；由第2 段第2 句可知，FF1病因是体内的
— 种畸形蛋白损害了大脑深层结构，B 与之相符；第 3 句指出，研究人员无法阻止或减轻FF1的症状，故
排除D 。
12. 丨C ] 【解析】第 3 段介绍了目前研究已发现的有关睡眠的一些事实，因此本题选C 。该段第1 句指出“我们其实
不明白为什么我们需要睡眠”,A 与此不符；B 所说的睡眠的功能是第4-6段阐述的内容；D 所说的缺乏_
眠的坏处则是在第6 段提到。
13. IB1【解析】第4 段倒数第2 句提到，学生经过快速眼动睡眠后模式识别任务（如语法练习）的成绩更好，而在
深层睡眠后，记忆任务的成绩更好，但是这并不说明睡眠能帮助人们学习语法，所以B 表述不正确，为本
题答案。第3 段第5 句指出，丨播眠分为深度_ 眠和快速眼动睡眠两个阶段，在快速眼动睡眠阶段，#骼肌
处于麻痹状态,A 意思正确；C 与第5 段第1 句意思一致;D 与第4 段第2 句相符，该句是一个反问句，表
• 202 •Part❿ 76篇阅读模拟集训
达的是肯定含义。
14. [C丨【解析】根据题干定位到第5 段。该段首句指出. 这些研究说明巩固记忆可能是睡眠的一个功能，而
Giulio Tononi发表的观点是，睡眠能帮助人们记住重要的东西，忘记不重耍的东西。这一观点与前面观点
不同，但又并不完全矛盾，而是发展了原来的观点，因此应该选C 。
SECTION B
Passage One
15. Narration.
【解析】本文用叙述的口吻i并述了作者因为一个财产拍卖会公告的吸引，参观一个死去妓女的公寓时的所见。亊件
的前因后果以及经过都比较完整，属于叙述类语篇(Narration)。
16. Because it has no dignity and is very unattractive.
【解析】根据题干的vice，a woman in old age和saddest等信息，可定位至最后一段，该段首句用反问语气强调：
女性堕落的晚年生活是最悲惨的。第二句进一步阐释了首句的观点，指出这样的晚年生活既没有尊严，也
不受欢迎。故可以得出本题答案为 Because it has no dignity and is very unattractive。
Passage Two
17. A combination of knowledge, skills and standards.
【解析】根据题目中的a liberal education定位到第1 段最后三句。该段倒数第3 句首次提到自由教育，倒数第2
句的It和最后一句中的Such an education指的都是a liberal education, 其中最后一句说这种教育是知
识、技能和标准的结合，题H 中的relate to对应原文该句的involves,可见答案为involves后的宾语A
combination of knowledge，skills and standards。
18. General education.
【解析】第 4 段第1 句中的is best interpreted…表明“know a little about everything”(对所有的事物都稍微了解一
点）是general education(普通教育）的表现，因此答案为General education。
19. Schools are no exception to shams.
【解析】根据题目可以定位到最后一段。该段首句提到，我们周围充斥着虚假的东西。第2 句则说学校也充斥着虚
假的东西，并用the notion具体说明，由此可见，作者要表达的观点是学校也难以免于虚假的东西，故答案
可写 Schools are no exception to shams。
Passage Three
20. Their inability to sleep.
【解析】根据题目中的main和FFI定位到第1 段。该段第5 句说致死性家族失眠症的主要症状就是无法睡眠，可
见患有这种病的病人要面对的主要问题就是无法睡眠，题目中的main trouble对应原文的main
symptom,故答案为 Their inability to sleep。
21. Sleep.
【解析】第3 段倒数第4 句说“所有的哺乳动物和鸟类都要睡觉”，接着讲海豚、野鸭睡觉的方式，故推断，最后一句
话应是说“鱼类、爬行动物和昆虫都有睡觉的经历”。因此repose应指“睡觉，休息”，故答案为Sleep。
22. W h y people sleep.
【解析】根据题目中的Rechtschaffen.the 1980s可定位到最后一段第1 句，该句句首指明了 Rechtschaffen实验的
目的：为了找出我们为何睡觉（In the most famous attempt to figure out why we sleep),故答案可写
Why people sleep 〇
• 203 •SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section there are four passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple
choice question， there are four suggested answers marked A，Bt C and D. Choose the one that you think is
the best answer.
Passage One
(])In order to tell what I believe, I must briefly sketch something of my person
主 题：人生经历
al history.
字 数:582
(2)The turning point of my life was my decision to give up a promising business smt
建议用时:8分钟
career and study music. M y parents，although sympathetic, and sharing my love of
music, disapproved of it as a profession. This was understandable in view of the
family background. M y grandfather had taught music for nearly forty years at Springhill College in Mobile
and, though much beloved and respected in the community, earned barely enough to provide for his large fam
ily. My father often said it was only the hardheaded thriftiness of my grandmother that kept the wolf at bay.
As a consequence of this example in the family, the very mention of music as a profession carried with it a
picture of precarious existence with uncertain financial reward. M y parents insisted upon college instead of a
conservatory of music, and to college I went—quite happily，as I remember，for although I loved my violin
and spent most of my spare time practicing, I had many other interests.
(3) Before my graduation from Columbia, the family met with severe financial reverses and I felt it my
duty to leave college and take a job. Thus I launched upon a business career—which I always think of as the
wasted years.
(4) Now I do not for a moment mean to disparage business. M y whole point is that it was not for me. I
went into it for money, and aside from the satisfaction of being able to help the family, money is all I got
out of it. It was not enough. I felt that life was passing me by. From being merely discontented 1 became
acutely miserable. M y one ambition was to save enough to quit and go to Europe to study music. I used to
get up at dawn to practice before I left for *'downtown/' distracting my poor mother by bolting a hasty break
fast at the last minute. Instead of lunching with my business associates, I would seek out some cheap cafe, or
der a meager meal and scribble my harmony exercises. I continued to make money, and finally, bit by bit, ac
cumulated enough to enable me to go abroad. The family being once more solvent, and my help no longer
necessary，I resigned from my position and，feeling like man released from jail, sailed for Europe. I stayed
four years, worked harder than I had ever dreamed of working before and enjoyed minute of it.
(5) MEnjoyedM is too mild a word. I walked on air. I really lived. I was a free man and I was doing what I
was meant to do.
(6) If I had stayed in business I might be a comparatively wealthy man today, but I do not believe I
would have made a success of living. I would have given up all those intangibles, those inner satisfactions that
money can never buy, and that are too often sacrificed when a man's primary goal is financial success.
(7) When I broke away from business it was against the advice of practically all my friends and family. So
conditioned are most of us to the association of success with money that the thought of giving up a good
salary for an idea seemed little short of insane. If so, all I can say is “Gee, it’s great to be crazy•”
(8) Money is a wonderful thing, but it is possible to pay too high a price for it.
• 204 •Part ❿ 76篇阅读模拟集训
1. What is the rhetoric device used in the sentence **it was only the hardheaded thriftiness of my grand
mother (hat kept the wolf at bay'* in Para. 2?
A. Synecdoche. B. Simile. C. Personification. D. Metaphor.
2. The point of Para. 4 is about _____•
A. how painfully the author endured his business career for his goal of music
B. how boring the author's business career was that he could not wait to quit
C. how busy the author's business career was that he rarely had good breakfasts
D. how depressed the author felt because he had to support the whole family
3. The sentence “I walked on air_” in Para. 5 indicates that the author •
A. could not find his place in a totally new environment
B. felt at loss when beginning a new life away from home
C. was exceedingly happy because he had quitted his job which he didn’t like to do
D. felt elevated and optimistic because he was doing what he loved to do
4. According to the author^ view, money is _____•
A. nothing but impediment to success B. valuable but not the most important
C. sometimes equaled to success D. capable of offering people freedom
Passage Two
(l)Among emblems of old age, a woman's curved spine is one of the most
主 题：医学保健 powerful and haunting, at once both metaphor and augury. It conjures up the crush
字 数:782 of life’s passage. More terrible, it often heralds life’s end. For the humped back is
1 建议用时：11分钟 often the most visible sign of osteoporosis, a progressive disease that leaves bones
thin and brittle. Even so simple a motion as walking or sitting can collapse vertebrae
and fracture wrists and hips. Those who suffer such breaks rarely recover their mobility. In America many
wind up in nursing homes. One-quarter die within six months of a hip fracture.
(2) The sight of an elderly person with a stoop sets people to wondering, uwill that happen to me?M Up to
now, there has been no way to answer that question. Though osteoporosis afflicts, for example, about 25 mil
lion Americans, most of them women, the disease offers no early symptoms. Usually it is not diagnosed until
after age 50，when a victim suffers a fracture. But that may soon change. Last week a term of Australian sci
entists reported that they have identified a single gene that appears to put people at very high risk of develop
ing osteoporosis.
(3) The genetic studies are still preliminary, but if confirmed, they could lead to a simple screening test
that would alert vulnerable people at a young age, early enough for them to take steps that could help
ward off the disease. Says Dr. John Eisman, who led the grounding breaking research at the Garvan Institute of
Medical Research in Sydney: 441 envision a woman going in for a blood test, which will become as routine as
a cholesterol check，to assess her bone density and risk for osteoporosis.”
(4) In a report to Nature, the researchers announced that they have found two versions of a specific gene
that are associated with varying bone density. One type, which they dubbed “b ”，is linked with stronger
skeletons，and the other， labeled “B"，with weaker ones. The gene itself directs construction of receptors
(docking sites within the cell) for a form of vitamin D that plays a crucial role in bone formation. Once vita
min D locks in, the receptors act as a sort of control tower, switching on and off other genes that regulate
calcium absorption and the constant renewal of bone.
(5) Until about age 35, the body synthesizes new skeletal tissue faster than it dies. Then the balance re
verses, with bone being lost faster than it is replaced. In osteoporosis, that normal wasting away reaches such
a hazardous level that bones become fragile. They lose their usual spongelike appearance and are more like
porous lace. While both men and women experience bone loss, women are much more susceptible to osteo-
• 205 •专八阅读
porosis. Bone deteriorates faster after menopause, probably in pari because of a sharp drop in levels of the
hormone estrogen.
(6) According to the new research, the risk of osteoporosis depends heavily on which versions of the vita
min D receptor gene an individual inherits. Since each parent contributes a copy, a person's genetic endowment
can be bb, Bb or BB. The most severe threat occurs, says molecular biologist Nigel Morrison, of the Aus
tralian team, “When you inherit a double whammy of the low-bone-density form of the gene. Then you are
at risk of having osteoporosis by age 65.”
(7) Examining 311 women, the scientists discovered that those with the BB combination had spines fragile
enough to fracture by about 18 years after menopause. Bb women reached this fracture threshold four years
later, and those carrying bb genes not until 29 years after menopause.
(8) Like so many genetic discoveries these days, the new findings are likely to be a mixed blessing. A
screening test could identify people at high risk of osteoporosis even at birth. That knowledge would provide
relief for some parents and their offspring—and certain worry for others. But researchers stress that having the
B form of the vitamin D receptor gene does not doom people to a severe case of the disease.
(9) In fact, bone density is determined about 75% by heredity and 25% by environmental factors. As a
hedge against later bone erosion, children identified as vulnerable to osteoporosis will be urged to build up
their bone density by increasing their calcium intake and exercising with weights. Those at high risk will also
be strongly advised to shun cigarettes and alcohol, which speed up bone loss, and perhaps take vitamin D sup
plements and estrogen replacement pills after menopause. Eventually, researchers hope to develop new drugs
that stimulate bone formation. “The whole business of genetic testing is clouded by things we can’t control，"
observes Morrison. 44What is good is that, here, we can do something about the threat/*
5. What is the relationship between the first and second paragraphs?
A. The second leads to the topic based on the first.
B. The second provides a contrast to the first paragraph.
C. The first and the second coordinate to introduce the topic.
D. The second explains the first from another perspective.
6. Which of the following is NOT true about peopled bone changes after the age of 35?
A. The balance between the renewal and dying of skeleton tissues reverses.
B. The faster pace of bone erosion may cause the bone thin and brittle.
C. The bone gradually takes on an appearance like porous lace.
D. There is less new replacement than wasting away of bone tissues.
7. According to the passage, women are more likely to suffer from osteoporosis.
A. over the age of 60 years old B. carrying the BB form genes
C. carrying the bb form genes D. smoking or drinking heavily
8. The following are direct precautions against bone erosion EXCEPT .
A. keeping exercising with weights B. supplementing vitamin D after menopause
C. increasing calcium and estrogen intake D. taking routine blood tests from early age
Passage Three
(])As I dodge Parisians walking their poodles and pushing baby strollers in a vi
主 题 ：社会生活
brant market street, I'm reminded that one of the reasons Paris is endlessly entertain
字 数J36
ing is because of its neighborhoods. On streets such as rue des Martyrs, real people
建议用时：10分钟 make cozy communities in the midst of this vast, high-powered city. You find a warm
and human vibrancy you miss when just hopping from big museum to museum.
(2)Strung across the road above me, a banner announces a neighborhood “clean-your-attic-day” sale. At a
• 206 •Part❿ 76篇阅读樓拟集训
bakery, a sign in the window still brags its baguettes were voted the best in Paris in 2007. And next to me，a
line of motorbikes are poised to deliver sushi, pizza-style, to the next caller.
(3) Rue des Martyrs leads toward the center of Paris from the busy boulevard Clichy. As you wander，you
feel the reality of raising a family and a sense of neighborhood in this urban setting. Still, security is a con
cern. Several side streets are “voie privee”一private lanes for high-rise, gated communities. The school has barriers
to keep possible car bombs at a distance.
(4) Shopping for groceries is an integral part of everyday life here. Parisians shop almost daily for three
good reasons: Refrigerators are small (tiny kitchens), produce must be fresh, and it’s an important social event.
Shopping is a chance to hear about the butcher's vacation plans, see photos of the florist's new grandchild, re
lax over “un cafe，” and kiss the cheeks of friends. In a Parisian neighborhood like this, people know their
merchants as if it were a village.
(5) Goods spill onto the sidewalk. And locals happily pay more at a shop that’s not part of a chain. The
comer charcuterie still sells various meats. But it's morphed with the times by offering more variety, prepared
dishes sold by weight, and even a few tables so that customers can eat in as well as take out.
(6) Across the street is one of the countless late-night groceries, which are generally run by North African
immigrants who are willing to work the night shift, earning their living off wealthy locals who gladly pay the
high prices for the convenience. Locals warn me that any place advertising prices by the half-kilo is trying to
mask a very high markup.
(7) The cheese shop has been serving the neighborhood ever since it used to keep goats and cows out
back. This fromagerie preserves its old marble shelves, aluminum milk jugs, and World War II vintage scales,
as if to show off its community roots. And rather than big name cheeses, it sells only the products of small
artisan farms.
(8) Locals know the butcher serves top grade beef —a big concern after what they translate as the “crazy
cow” problem. The ceiling hooks—where butchers once hung sides of beef —now display just a red medallion
that certifies the slaughtered cow's quality.
(9) At the patisserie you can jostle with a discerning and salivating clientele for the tasty, little typically
French works of art. They bake up special treats in sync with each season: Easter, Christmas or whatever. F m
here at the end of the school year and it’s the season for First Communions—so that’s the theme filling the
window displays.
(10) And the tobacco shop/caf6 on the comer is coping with the new, no-smoking law by putting out
heaters and as many tables as will fit on the sidewalk (where smoking is permitted). Chinese immigrants now
generally run these shops, which were once run by rural people from Auvergne in central France.
(11) The trendy baby clothes store is a reminder that the French love to doll up their babies. In the last
generation, an aging and shrinking population has been a serious problem for Europe’s wealthier nations. But
France now has one of Europe's highest birth rates—the fertile French average is about two children per fami
ly, compared to 1.6 for the rest of Europe. Babies are in vogue today, and the French government rewards
parents with substantial tax deductions for their first two children—and then doubles the tax break after that.
Making babies is good business.
(12) Rue des Martyrs finishes with a commercial climax before ending at the neighborhood church一the
Neoclassical (from 1836) Notre Dame de Lorette. And from there, steps lead into the Metro, where all of Paris
is just 1.10 euros ($1.60) and a few minutes away. 9
9. Which of the following is NOT the reason that causes Parisians to shop daily?
A. To cope with the small storing space at home.
B. To ensure the freshness of product.
C. To achieve social communication by shopping.
D. To get familiar with the neighborhood shop keepers.
• 207 •10. Which of the following adjectives is NOT suitable to describe the Paris neighborhood?
A. Convenient. B. Vivacious. C. Unsafe. D. Comfortable.
11. The word ^jostle1' in the last but three paragraph means •
A. move B. shove C. pull D. enter
Passage Four
(1) The jammed parking lot outside Muir Woods is proof that this stand of old-
growth coast redwoods is a popular spot. And it's easy to see why as you walk
away from the clamor into an oasis where slanting beams of sunlight caress rugged
red trunks that have stood for hundreds of years.
(2) It almost didn^ happen. There was a time when tthheese trees came close to
feeling the bite of loggers’ saws. But stout efforts by early preservationists turned the area into a national
monument in 1908. Parks officials are marking the centennial with a year of events including a daylong cele
bration April 21, the birthday of Sierra Club founder John Muir.
(3) 4it's a great place because we're able to tell the story of the redwoods and how they were almost cut
completely down/* says Timothy Jordan, interpretative ranger and volunteer coordinator at the park. “It’s a
chance to get that message out to people from all around the world/*
(4) A11 around the world is right. Muir Woods，just a dozen miles north of San Francisco，gets a million
visitors a year and you may hear the sounds of Mandarin, French，Spanish or a score of other languages in
the park at any time. Mostly they seem to be saying the same thing: These trees are big.
(5) The park includes redwoods over 260 feet high; some are more than 1,2(K) years old. Of special interest
is Cathedral Grove，where delegates who drafted the charter of the United Nations held a commemorative cere
mony on May 19，1945, in tribute to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who died in April of that year.
(6) The grove can be reached on a loop walk of only one mile，great for families and anyone else who
isn't seriously into hiking but wants to experience California's famous redwoods without driving for hours.
(7) On certain days. Cathedral Grove is designated a Mquiet zone** with a sign to that effect to heighten the
experience of the magic and majesty of the woods—all the more remarkable for being about 30 minutes from
the cosmopolitan bustle of San Francisco. Listen to the birds and the wind rustling in the branches; gaze up at
trees soaring into the sky, their leafy tops forming graceful arches, and youMl understand how this spot got its
name.
(8) With Muir’s birthday coming up，and in proximity to Earth Day，April 22，and Arbor Day，April 25,
officials plan free admission on April 21 with a number of tours and activities. A fun hunt for families is "A
Quest at Muir Woods/* a booklet with instructions on finding clues to a puzzle along the trail.
(9) President Theodore Roosevelt, a big supporter of the nascent conservation movement, played a pivotal
role in preserving the woods.
(10) Most of the coastal redwoods that once covered the California coast were chopped down to build the
homes and cities of new California. But the Muir trees, tucked in a hard-to-access Redwood Canyon survived
until the turn of the 19lh century.
(11) Businessman William Kent bought the land in hopes of preserving it. But after the 1906 earthquake,
demand for new development soared and Kent was almost overruled by a local water company that wanted to
cut the trees and dam Redwood Creek and filed court papers to try to condemn the land.
(12) Kent，who later became a congressman，donated the land to the government and Roosevelt turned the
woods into a national monument using the powers of the recently passed Antiquities Act.
(13) It was Kent who wanted the woods named for naturalist Muir. In an exchange of letters, Roosevelt
advocated for putting Kent's name on the new monument, but Kent replied that he had “five good husky
boys," and if they couldn’t keep the name of Kent alive，“I am willing it should be forgotten/*
• 208 •Part® 76篇阅读模拟集训 :
藥
(14)Kent, whose name is commemorated in the Marin County town of Kentfield among other things, went
on to co-author the act creating the National Park Service in 1916. In a letter to Kent, Muir wrote: “Saving
these woods from the axe and saw, from money-changers and water-changers, and giving them to our country
and the world is in many ways the most notable service to God and man Tve heard of since my forest wan
derings began. **
12. Which of the following details of the history of Muir woods is INCORRECT?
A. Due to its inaccessibility, Muir woods survived to the 20th century.
B. John Muir bought and donated the woods to the government.
C. A water company wanted to cut the trees and sued to condemn the land.
D. President Roosevelt turned it into a national monument.
13. From the protecting course of the Muir woods, we can get to the conclusion that
A. the natural resource protection requires persistency and a wide range of efforts
B. the natural resource preservation requires great financial input and legal protection
C. only big figures can really achieve successful protection of the natural resource
D. it is much easier to protect the natural resource at present than in the past
14. The author’s attitude towards the preservers of the Muir wood is _____.
A. objective B. neutral C. praising D. commending
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
In this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each
question in NO more than 10 words.
Passage One
15. How does the author view his business career?
16. What is the real success in the author’s opinion?
Passage Two
17. According to the new research, what decides an individual’s risk of osteoporosis?
18. Why is the new genetic finding said to be “a mixed blessing •?
Passage Three
19. What do “voie privee” on street and barriers at school indicate?
20. What is the main idea of the passage?
Passage Four
21. What is “Cathedral Grove” according to the passage?
22. W h y did Kent refuse to have his name put on the monument of the Muir wood?
• 209 •(益 专 八 隨 ，
答案与详解
SECTION A
Passage One
1• 丨D ] 【解析】句中的keep the wolf at bay意为“使… …远离饥饿”，其中wolf暗喻“饥饿”,因此使用的是暗喻的
修辞手法，故 D 为正确答案。本题无比喻词，没有拟人化现象，所以排除B 、C ;提喻指用局部代幣体或整体
代蝻部，本题也未涉及，故 A 也可排除。
2 . 丨A | 【解析】第4 段|W K句讲述了作者对经商的看法。由“不满”到“痛苦不堪”使他当时唯一的希望就攒钱去
欧洲学抒乐. 该段后面部分讲到他是如何努力并实现自己梦想的。A 较好地槪括了这两点，故为正确答案。
文中提到作者出发前仓促吞下早餐是因为早上忙于练琴而非业务繁忙，故排除C ; B 、D 在文中未提及
3 . 丨 D 丨【解析】根据所考杏句子前后可知，作者“飘飘然”正是因为他正做着自己想做的唞，故选D 。根据该段第1
句中的enjoy.可排除A 、B;作者如此高兴是因为他终于做右自己想做的嚷了，而不仅仅因为辞掉(*彳己不苒
欢的T.作如此简单，排除C 。
4. 1B]【解析丨® 后一段指出钱是个好东西，钱也助作者圆了音乐之梦。但第6 段呰指出钱不能买到内心的满足
感。所以选B 。结合全篇可知钱使作者退学，也使他走上了自己的成功之路，且 A 过于绝对，故排除；由第6
段首句可知，经商可能使作者比现在的他富裕，但那也不是他所认为的成功，故排除C ; D 在文中来提及。
Passage Two
丨A 丨【解析】第 1 段1并骨质疏松的症状及严®:后果，基于此，第 2 段引出本文的主题，即遗传学研究的发展可能
为# 质疏松症的预防和治疗带来新突破，选 A 。第 2 段由骨质疏松症的后果谈到对该症的诊断，未构成对
比，排除B;视炻虽冇转换，但不是对第1 段的解释，D 也可排除；A 、C 均为合理选项，但 C 没有A 表述具
体，亦可排除。
6• 丨C ] 【解析】根据第5 段第4 句可知，C 描述情况发生在丨n osteoporosis之时，不符合题干的时间范故为答
案. A 、D 是对该段第1、2 句的改写;B 在第1 段有相关的信息,m a y 的使用使之成为正确的推测，故均不选。
7- [B】【解析丨第4 段第2 句提到,b基因与较强的骨骼有关，B 基因与较弱骨骼有关。由此可知，B B —对骨质低
密度基因结合患骨质疏松症的可能性就更大了，故选B 。第9 段提到抽烟喝酒会加速骨骼流失，但不一定使
人患骨质疏松症，故排除D ; A 在文中并未提及;b b 是一对骨质高密度的结合，故C 也可排除，
8• 丨D 丨【解析】根据最后一段第2 、3 句可知，D 不是直接预防骨质疏松的措施，而是人们了解自身骨质密度的一种
方式，故选D 。该段也提到，增强骨质密度可以增加钙的吸收（即C)和负重练习（即A ),也可以补充维生素
D (即B)和雌激素（即C),故均可排除。
Passage Three
9 . 丨D ] 【解析】由第4 段可知，“熟悉周围商贩（即D)”是巴黎人每天购物的结果，而非其购物的原因，故选D 。由第
4 段中列出的理由“冰箱小”“确保食物新鲜”和“社会活动所需"可排除A 、B 、C 。
10. 丨C 】【解析丨第3 段提到，安全问题是人们所关注的，但文中并未提及巴黎街坊邻里是不安全的，故选C 。由第
1 段第2、3 句可知，B 、D 符合题意；由第3 、4 段可知，A 也是巴黎街坊的写照，故 A 也可排除。
11. [B1【解析】根据句意,jostle表示“推 、挤”之义，shove“（尤指在人群中）推挤，推撞”体现了面包店里热闹、.拥
挤，人们互相推挤尝鲜的场景，故选B , 因为move和pull与with搭配都不能表示移动的方向.排除A 、C;
enter表示由外面到里面的“进入”，而该段第1 句描述的是发生在面包里的情景，况且enter也没有推挤苕
进去的含义，故排除D 。
Passage Four
12.【B ] 【解析】由第丨丨段第1 句和第丨2 段可知，构买树林并捐赠给政府的人是Kent,因此选B 。A 、C 、D 可分别
在第10段第2 句，第 11段第2 句和第12段找到对应信息。
• 210 .Part❿ 76篇阅读模拟集训
13. [A丨【解析丨由全文可知.Muir woods成为国家ft然保护K 这一过程历经了艰难及各界人士的共同努力，所以
选 A 0
14. 【C 】【解析】作者在文中多处表达他对森林及其保护者的赞美，尤其从末段作者借用Muir对 Kent的评价可
见，他对护林者们娃赞颂和敬歌的，故选C 。
SECTION B
Passage One
15. He thinks of it as the wasted years.
【解析】第3 段第2 句破折号后是定语从句•修饰的先行同是a business career,作者认为经商生涯那段时间是虚
度了光阴，题H 中的view对应原文的think of,可见答案为He thinks of it as the wasted years
16. Gaining inner satisfaction from what he loves to do.
【解析I 第6 段作者说若混迹于商界，他可能会比现在要富W , 怛他并不觉得那样就活得很成功，旦他得放弃金钱
买不到的内心满足感，可见作者认为人生的真正成功是内心要有满足感，而这个他可从肖己菸欢的音乐中
获得，故答案可表述为 Gaining inner satisfaction from what he loves to do。
Passage Two
17. Versions of the vitamin D receptor gene he inherits.
【解析】根据题目中的the new research和risk of osteoporosis定位到第6 段第1 句该句说新的研究表明，一个
人患骨质疏松症的几率很大程度上取决于他继承了哪种维生素D 受体基因题目用了 decide来代替原文
的depends heavily on,主语和宾语交换了位贾，可见答案可从原文该句的宾语中获得，故为Versions of
the vitamin D receptor gene he inherits,
18. Because that knowledge would make some relieved and others worried.
【解析】根据题目中的“a mixed blessing”定位到第8 段 该 段 第 3 句提到，这一知识能让许多父母及其后代松U
气，却会让其他许多人感到紧张，该句是对第】句概括句的进一步解释，可见这正是这一新发现成为喜忧
参半之卞的原W , 限于字数要求，该句可转述为Because that know丨edge would make some relieved and
others worried 〇
Passage Three
19. The Parisians are concerned with security.
【解析】根据题目中的“voie privee”和barriers定位到第3 段 该 段 第 3 句提到，安全问题仍是人们的一大忧虑，接
着第4 句说街道标明“特殊通道”且学校也设存栅栏，这是作者用具体的例子来说明巴黎人关心安全问题，
故答案为 The Parisians are concerned with security
20. The cozy Paris neighborhood.
【解析】本文通过介绍巴黎街区繁荣的商业、热心的居民和舒适的社区环境展现了巴黎温馨的邻里氛围，故答案为
The cozy Paris neighborhood〇
Passage Four
21. A patch of woods full of California's famous redwoods.
【解析】由第7 段第1 句可知，Cathedra丨Grove是一个“寂静之林”；回看第6 段，我们又可了解到它是一个观赏著
名红杉树林的好去处，可知答案应概括为A patch of woods full of California’s famous redwoods。
22. He hoped his sons would have their family name remembered.
【解析】本题难点在于对第13段第2 句虚拟条件句If they couldn’t... I am willing...的理解，该句实意是Kent希
望他的儿子们能keep the name of Kent alive,言外之意是他并不希望名字被人忘禅，而是希望儿子们发
扬光大，故答案为 He hoped his sons would have their family name remembered。
• 211 •SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
hi this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each
multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B， C and I). Choose the one that you
think is the best answer.
Passage One
(l)It snowed furiously the night before I stepped over the South Rim of the
主 题：地理景观
Grand Canyon. It was mid-May, so the snow was wet and not dry enough to stick.
字 数：1063
But the moisture stained the soft soil at the trailhead a dove gray and spiced the air
建议用时J 5 分钟
with the scent of ponderosa pine. The trail I was following，the New Hance, didn’t
dawdle but marched directly to the canyon's edge, took a sharp turn, then plunged
straight downhill, a no-nonsense approach to reaching its destination: the bottom of the canyon and the banks
of the Colorado River nearly a vertical mile below.
(2) Someone in a hurry had made this trail，I thought, as I braced each jarring step with my trekking
poles; someone eager to get past the red-orange terraces rising in tiers above the river, to get down to the
sandy beaches at the water's edge. Someone eager to reach home.
(3) Home. It may seem implausible to the more than four million of us who come each year to marvel at
the Grand Canyon, but this magnificent and seemingly uninhabitable geology, exalted since 1919 as a national
park, was indeed once a home. For at least 10,000 years people lived，loved，traded，even farmed in the
canyon’s depths. They marked it with names，wove its temple-like peaks and bluffs into their lore，and
breathed their spirits into every spring, every marbled cliff and large rocks. And then, a mere century ago,
newcomers to the canyon, overcome by its beauty，decided that no human habitation was ever again to mar
the canyon park. Landforms that carried a name, a spirit of the past，were named anew.
(4) * **That New Hance Trail—virtually all the trails in the Grand Canyon— were made by our ancestors, the
Hisatsinom，’’ a Hopi named Leigh Kuwanwisiwma told me as we sat at the South Rim before my descent.
**Archaeologists call our ancestors ihe Anasazi, but that's a Navajo term that means ‘old enemy.’” As
approaching lOC^F, the little streamlet we'd been following shrank to a trickle and then dwindled into separate
pools, where tadpoles swam uncertainly in circles. And there ahead of us， drawing us on， rushed the
Colorado—a heaving tongue of jade green that lashed at the hard shale on the far shore and lapped more
gently against our sandy beach. To the Hopi this canyon was their ancestral home; to the Southern Paiute it
was the holy land; to the Western Apache it was simply the edge of the big cliff. And for me … I only knew
that I now stood in a place of nearly two-billion-year-old rocks. Such numbers are as humbling as the number
of stars in the sky_ and as hard to comprehend. But that I could reach down and touch a part of Earth that
existed when life itself was a mere billion-plus years old made this big cliff land seem very holy indeed.
(5) Above us castle-like bluffs and terraces of rainbow-hued soils rose to the sky like a geological
cathedral. W e were dwarfs on a desert beach—but dwarfs with a princely flood of water at our feet. So we
flung off our packs, dropped our trekking poles，and，surely like those first people to reach the river's edge,
plunged into the cool waters that had carved this canyon, the grandest canyon on Earth.
(6) Native people are, in fact, still farming in the Grand Canyon, if not in the park itself. In Havasu
Canyon，a narrow side spur，the Havasupai, or Havasu ’Baaja— “people of the blue-green water”一end fields
• 212 •Part❿ 76篇阅读模拟集训
where they've lived for at least 700 years. About 450 of the tribe's 650 members live here in the village of
Supai. There are no roads or cars, so almost everyone takes the eight-mile trail in by foot, horse, or mule.
(7)The trail switch backed down the rim in long, steep turns, then merged gently into Havasu Canyon.
Watahomigie, a slim-faced local fellow, pulled up his horse and pointed far up the canyon, among the pinon
pines. "See that bunch of wild horses? I'm planning to catch that palomino.” The horses stood in a small knot
near canyon walls of beige and gold, and suddenly I wanted nothing more than to see Watahomigie catch that
palomino. His desire, the wild horses, the freedom to round them up, to gallop where one's heart called
seemed as rare a thing as this canyon home.
(8) Once, until the early 1900s, the Havasupai had also lived in the main Grand Canyon, farming an
oasis on Bright Angel Trail now called generically Indian Garden. Then they were evicted; their wickiups,
gardens, and peach orchards destroyed. All they had left were the 518 acres of Havasu Canyon with its
greenish-blue streams and waterfalls.
(9) So when someone like me, a paleface like those who did the evicting, rides into dusty, people
tend to look away or right through you. You are as invisible as they believe your ancestors hoped they would
become.
(10) Most of the tribe's farmland is rich bottomland that borders Havasu Creek and is fenced to keep out
tourists and horses. Behind the fences are the houses and peach orchards, the freshly plowed fields ready for
planting, and other fields where the com was up a good ten inches. Every house had a corral full of horses.
(11) “Oh，yes，we’re a horsey people，” vice president of the Havasupai tribal council Uqualla said, when I
commented on their numbers. Just then her son came trotting by on a white horse, Spirit, her two-year-old
grandson balanced in front. “That hoise just loves my grandson/* she laughed. The honeyed fragrance of
cottonwood blossoms hung in the air, and Uqualla inhaled deeply. She’d returned that day from a trip.
(12) “M y heart just cries for this place when I’m gone，” she said, surveying the soaring red walls that
held the village and its green gardens in a close embrace. “I came around that last bend this morning and all
the good scents hit me. I knew then that I was home.”
(13) Home. The Anasazi must have felt this too, when climbing down their trails to the bottom of the
canyon. There were their farms, their homes, the people and places that held their hearts. It was good to know
some of them felt it still—this grand feeling of being at home in the Grand Canyon.
1. Which of the following is N O T one of the features about the Grand Canyon?
A. Enchanting scenery. B. Large population.
C. Steep cliff. D. Fertile soils.
2. The saying **We were dwarfs on a desert beach** in Para. 5 highlights that ________.
A. the bluffs and terraces are very lofty
B. the locals living in Grand Canyon are very tall
C. these people are physically small
D. the beach is boundless
3. Which of the following about Flavasu Canyon is INCORRECT?
A. The transportation there is very inconvenient.
B. It is the only place that the Havasupai lived after the early I90()s.
C. Half of the Havasupai settled here in the village of Supai.
D. Tourists are prohibited from entering into the farmlands here.
4. The sentence "people tend to look away or right through you..." in Para. 9 implies that •
A. the native people in Supai are barbaric and rude
B. the Havasupai are immersed in their own business
C. the inhabitants in Supai are wary of the outsiders
D. the Havasupai hate the people that chased them away
• 213 •专八阅读
Passage Two
(1) Forced to pay for once-free sandwich toppings and twice as much for some
steak cuts, shoppers are wondering whether higher grocery bills and restaurant tabs
truly reflect the trickle down of a global rise in food prices.
(2) Veronica Banks, who lives outside St. Louis, said she suspects that
neighborhood comer stores are charging more for many items under the assumption
that customers won't pay the bus fare to go bargain hunting. Tom Seluzicki，a certified public accountant in
Washington, said he assumes some food prices are artificially inflated to ^compensate for lost margins on other
products.”
(3) Without a doubt, basic economic principles account for most of the increase in the wholesale cost
of food worldwide. Bad weather has hurt crops. Economic prosperity has driven up demand in developing
countries. And soaring fuel prices have raised transportation costs. Mix in investors betting on continued food-
price inflation, and you have a recipe for a run-up.
(4) Foodstuffs from rice to steak cost more than a year ago— so much, in fact, that some consumers
don't quite believe it all adds up. But food retailers say that consumers' suspicions of gouging are unjustified
and that，if anything, they have refrained from passing along their extra costs.
(5) **People have told me I nickel-and-dime them,M said Kate Oncel, director of operations at the Brown Bag, a
deli in Washington. “They don't understand the position we're in" of paying dramatically more for meat,
produce, bread, packaging and deliveries.
(6) Retailers raising prices and shoppers, in turn, raising eyebrows are reasonable and established
responses, say economists and historians. While competitive pressures keep most businesses from taking
advantage of their customers, some see an opportunity to push prices beyond justified levels. “I like the beef
rib-eye steaks/f said Elbert Harris, a high school gym coach in St. Louis, who watched their price more than
double to $12.99 a pound in the last 18 months.
(7) Forgoing pricier items are adjustments many Americans can afford and stomach, especially relative to
the crises in the more than 30 countries where food protests have raged.
(8) But in the U.S., customers notice when the grocery bill slays the same but the take-home haul lightens.
Conversely, most remain quiet when prices stay the same or drop. “1 get upset thinking about how much we
have to pay for things, but then I feel guilty when I see other nations that are dealing with horrible poverty，”
Helen Strouss of La Mirada, California, said last week at an Albertson's grocery store.
(9) Consumers forking over more to fill their gas tanks and stomachs may feel like they’ve been hit with
an unprecedented one-two punch. Bui the food-fuel wallop has landed before, said David Hackett Fischer, a
professor of history at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts. In the 13th century, demand for
firewood and grain led to broader price hikes. And sellers have taken advantage of the system throughout the
20th century as free market ideas removed many price controls, he said.
(10) The nation's 945,(XK) restaurants expect to set a sales record of $558 billion this year, said
Hudson Riehle，senior vice president of research at the National Restaurant Association. Restaurants probably
will make some changes on the plate, rejiggering portions, and on the restaurant floor, using more technology
to gain efficiency and training programs to bolster sales, Riehle said.
(11) At the Brown Bag, where cucumber toppings now cost 50 cents，Oncel has not raised the overall
price of sandwiches and salads but said she will if food commodities and gas prices don't fall.
(12) At nearby TJ's Gourmet Deli, owner Terry Chung said customers can expect to pay 30 cents more per
sandwich and up to 40 cents more per pound on the salad bar if economic conditions don't change. His
profits are down about 25 percent in recent months, with the biggest cost increase coming in delivery fuel
surcharges, which have roughly doubled to $4.50 per order.
(13) The hesitancy to raise prices unnecessarily is rooted in competition, said Ann Owen，an economics
• 214 •Part❿ 76篇阅读模拟集训
professor at Hamilton College in Clinton，New York，and a former economist at the Federal Reserve. But if
the cost increases are more permanent, retailers can confidently raise prices, she added. But that can’t insulate
them from skeptical shoppers who see overblown hikes and a panic-hungry media.
(14) “It’s a little bit inflammatory... people stocking up on things they don’t need to just yet” said Amanda
Wolfe, membership director for a nonprofit in Washington, where signs at one local market alerted her to a
coming bread-prices hike due to the jump in wheat costs. Wolfe’s own diet hasn’t changed，“but I’m single.”
(15) Maria Lopez, a mother of two in La Mirada，has had to cut back on eggs and meat since her weekly
grocery bill doubled to $20(). She isn't sure grocers are gouging consumers, but sees some correlation between
rising gas and food prices. “It probably costs more to deliver goods so I guess that’s passed along to us，’’ she
said. “I don’t see any solution at this point.”
5. Which of the following is N O T the factor that accounts for the rise of the food price?
A. Disadvantageous cultivating environment. B. Large food demand in developing countries.
C. The operation of basic economic principles. D. The increasing price of fuel and transportation.
6. The phrase “nickel-and-dime” in Para. 5 means
A. to take advantage of someone little by little B. to spend one’s money frugally
C. to spend as little money as possible D. to accumulate treasure little by little
7. Facing the suspicion from customers, the retailers
A. complain of being misunderstood but will still pass the extra cost to customers
B. feel rather uncomfortable to customers’ suspicion but they won’t raise the price
C. complain of being misjudged but they actually take advantage of the customers
D. are not concerned with customers' suspicion and still raise the price as planned
8. What is the relationship among paragraphs 11-13?
A. Para. 11 and Para. 12 provide supporting evidences for Para. 13.
B. Para. 13 concludes and provides further explanation for Para“s 11 and 12.
C. The last three paragraphs conclude the whole passage from three perspectives.
D. Para. 12 and Para. 13 provide supporting evidences for Para. 11.
9. The main idea of the passage is that .
A. increasing food costs cause business adjustment B. higher food costs cause customers’ suspicion
C. a number of factors lead to the rise of food costs D. higher food prices lead to social crisis
Passage Three
(1) Since World War II the French have been variously surprised, dismayed,
irritated and outraged by the power of American culture and its effect on France and
the world. Their only consolation has been the conviction that French culture is
superior to anything that Walt Disney or Hollywood can offer.
(2) What France’s cultural elites have rarely done, however， is examine
how both serious and pop culture actually work in the United States. Rather, in the view of Frederic Martel,
a Frenchman and author of a recently released book on the topic, they have preferred to hide behind 4*a cer
tain ideological anti-Americanism.M
(3) Now Mr. Martel, 39, a former French cultural attache in Boston, has set out to change this. In Culture
in America，a 622-page tome weighty with information，he challenges the conventional view here that (French)
culture financed and organized by the government is entirely good and that (American) culture shaped by
market forces is necessarily bad.
(4) “M y first idea was to compare France and the United States,” he recalled, “but when I arrived
in America, I realized things were much more complicated. The United States is a continent，and you can’t
• 215 •专八阅读.
compare a continent with a small country or a decentralized country with one that is highly centralized.M
(5) As a result this book deals only with creativity and arts financing in the United States. But
perhaps surprisingly, given the mixture of fear and disdain that American culture stirs among many French
intellectuals, his approach is not polemical. He neither defends nor attacks the United States; he simply
describes the American way of culture.
(6) “The idea is to see how a ‘counter-model’ works，” he explained over tea in a Paris hotel. “If the aim is
to fighr American cultural ‘imperialism，’ we need to know it from the inside. If we want to modernize our own
system, which needs new resources, it is useful to see how things can function without huge public investment.M
(7) The news media's response to Culture in America suggests there is room for debate. One weekly, L f-
Expressy said the book offered f〇(xJ for thought. Another, Le Nouvel Obsen^ateur, compared it favorably to
Bemard-Henri Levy’s recent overview， “American Vertigo: Traveling America in the Footsteps of Tocqueville/*
noting that Mr. Martel provides facts rather than impressions.
(8) Reviewing the book in Le Monde% Michel Guerrin and Emmanuel de Roux also said its strength lay in
its emphasis on investigation over opinion. And another article in Le Monde took the American cultural
statistics collected by Mr. Martel and compared them with similar figures for France. Its unexpected conclusion
was that measured per capita the cultural infrastructures in the two countries were roughly similar.
(9) The first half of Culture in America—— the title echoes Tocqueville’s own “Democracy in America”—— is
built around a question that puzzles some French: Why doesn’t the United States have a Culture Ministry?
(l())One traditional answer is that culture ministries threaten artistic freedom. Yet Mr. Martel demonstrates
that Washington does in fact have a record of cultural activism: through the Works Progress Administration,
with its theater, writers and art projects, under President Franklin D. Roosevelt; through the Kennedy White
House's embrace of artists; and in the creation of the National Endowment for the Arts in 1%5.
(11 )Mr. Martel then tracks the so-called culture wars, beginning with the cancellation of a Robert
Mapplethorpe photography exhibition at the Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washington in 1989 over concerns
about its explicit content, which led to Congressional campaigning against the National Endowment for the
Arts. Even today the endowment’s budget is far below mid-1980s levels and, at just under $125 million for
2006, is roughly what the French government gave the Paris National Opera this year.
(12) Still，what really intrigues Mr. Martel is how American culture flourishes despite the indifference or
hostility of major government institutions.
(13) And that leads him to the crucial role played by nonprofit foundations, philanthropists, coqwrate spon
sors, universities and community organizations, which in practice do receive indirect government support in the
form of tax incentives.
(14) “If the Culture Ministry is nowhere to be found，" he writes，“cultural life is everywhere.”
(15) Hc felt reassured by this. He first visited the United States in 1999—to promote an earlier book，“The
Pink and the Black: Homosexuals in France Since 1968”一and he was still very much a neophyte when he
arrived in Boston in 2(K)0. After studying the history of American culture in libraries and private archives, he
set out to discover American culture as it is being lived today.
(16) “I spent all my vacations traveling，’’ he said. MI counted up over 700 interviews in 110 cities in 35
states. American universities were a revelation: French universities don’t play an important cultural role. I
reached out to gays, feminists. Latinos, avant-garde, counterculture. I gave priority to visiting black communities
in every major city，attending associations, street theater，poetry clubs.”
(17) Yet, Mr. Martel noted, the same country that embraces this extraordinary cultural diversity is itself
accused of imposing cultural uniformity on the world. The United States was almost alone last year in voting
against a French-sponsored international convention on cultural diversity that was adopted overwhelmingly by
the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, which is based in Paris. This apparent
contradiction had a simple explanation at Unesco: Washington was bending to pressure from Hollywood studios,
which claimed that the convention threatened their movie and television exports. But Mr. Martel also sees
• 216 •Part ® 76篇阅读模拟集训
inconsistencies一actually, he prefers the word hypocrisy—in the French position. “Americans defend cultural
diversity at home and deny it abroad，" he said， “while France defends cultural diversity around the world and
refuses it at home.”
(18)And it is here that he most wants France to learn from the United States. "What really annoys me is
the way our cultural elite uses ideology to protect its privileges，” he said. “It says that our culture defines a
certain idea of France, that the alternative is Americanization. But it’s really only defending itself against the
popular classes. W e cannot have 10 percent of our population stemming from immigration and deny them their
culture.” To promote grass-roots culture，then， he wants decision making to be deconcentrated. “The
government will still finance the arts, but we don’t need a minister defining culture,” he said. “W e need
thousands of people defining culture. Power should flow bottom-up，not top-down. That’s the debate I want to
provoke in the new year.” He seemed to be looking forward to a fight. “That’s why my book is about
France，” he said, “while being about America.”
10. Which of the following adjectives best describes French peopled attitude towards their own culture?
A. Arrogant. B. Angry. C. Disappointed. D. Objective.
11. Mr. Martel gave up his idea of comparing France and the United States mainly because .
A. French culture is superior to American culture
B. French people hold an anti-Americanism attitude
C. American culture is much more diversified
D. American cultural activities don’t have public investment
12. The critics of the book Culture in America .
A. rave about it B. are strongly critical of it
C. point out its advantages D. discuss its weakness
13. According to the passage, the hook Culture in America ________.
A. attacks the U.S. and defends France B. investigates into the American culture
C. emphasizes the democracy of American society D. promotes the popularity of French culture
14. According to the discussion about "Culture Ministrywe learn that .
A. French Culture Ministry has threatened artistic freedom
B. French government invested more money in cultural activities than the U.S.
C. American people are indifferent in the cultural activities
D. Culture Ministry plays a crucial role in cultural activism in the U.S.
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
In this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each
question in NO more than 10 words.
Passage One
15. What was Grand Canyon before it became a national park?
16. W h o made the trails in the Grand Canyon?
17. According to the author, what held the Anasazi’s heart?
Passage Two
18. According to Tom Seluzicki, for what purpose are some food prices increased?
19. How do retailers make adjustments to solve the problem of rising prices?
20. What does “gouging” in the last paragraph mean?
Passage Three
21. How does American government support nonprofit foundations to develop culture?
• 217 •专八阅读
22. What is Unesco's explanation for the America's voting agaiast the convention on cultural diversity?
<^答 案 与 详 解 >
SECTION A
Passage One
1. 【B | 【解析】第6 段描述说65()个 Havasupai人中有450人住在苏派村，这些数据说明大峡谷的居民显然不多，
B与文总不符，故选B 第3 段第2 句讲到每年有400多万人到大峡谷游览，无不惊叹于大峡谷的美拔，A
中的enchanting ■应原文的magnificent;第5 段第1句介绍说有城印般的ik|11援（bluffs), C与之对应；第 10
段第丨句话介绍那儿土地很肥沃，D 也是特点之一。
2. 丨A | 【解析丨第5 段 第1 句说，在我们头顶的（Above us)是绝堉和商耸人云的阶地(rose to the sky),可知，正
是它们的高反衬出我们的矮（在戈壁滩上我们简就是个侏儒），W 此 A 正确。
3. 丨C 】【解析I 第6 段第3 句说650个Havasupai人中有450人住在苏派村，C 中的Half of the Havasupai说法
错误，故本题答案是C 。根据第6 段最后一句可知，该处没有公路，也没有汽车，几乎每个人都是靠步行、骑
马或骡子，可见那儿的交通很不方便，A 说法正确；第8 段最后一句说到他们只剩下位于Havasu Canyon
的518公顷土地可供居住，故排除B;第丨0 段第丨句介绍，游客和马匹是禁止进人耕地的,D 与之相符。
4. 丨1)丨【解析】根据第9 段第1 句话可知，由于“我”是丨H 人(paleface),和耶牲驱逐他们的那些人一样，所以当“我”
进人布满灰尘的苏派村时，人们会扭过头去或是视而不见，表明苏派村人对呰经驱赶他们的闩人仍怀有怨
恨.因此D 符合题意
Passage Two
5. 丨C 】【解析】C 中的基本价值规律文中虽提及，但从第3 段的逻辑关系可知，它不等同于某一个因索，而是对影
响食品价格上涨的各种W 索的概括。故选C 。
6. |A】【解析】从Oncel的话可知，消费者不理解销俜者的处境，而是怀疑他们自行涨价占消费者便宜.故选A.
7. 丨A 1 【解析】根据第5 段 Oncel的抱怨以及第11、12段两位销© 商共同的表态“若食品、汽油价格持续上涨，他
们也将涨价”，可确定A 正 确 由 第 4 段末句中的unjustified — 词可快速排除B . D 而锁定A 、C 。
8. 丨B ] 【解析丨第丨丨、12段分別介绍了两家熟食店对涨价问题的态度第13段借经济学教授之口对两家的态度做
了总结,并从更深层次揭示了犹豫态度之后的原因，故 B 正确
9. 丨B ] 【解析】本文苜段提出价格上涨引起消费者怀疑，lM倒数第3 段说消费者的怀疑还无法消除，首尾呼应明示
了文章的主旨，B 全面概括了文章主旨，故为答案。A 为第7 段段意;C 是对第3 段的概括;D 是第7 段中提
到的发生在其他M 家的啭情，这三项均不足以概括全文。
Passage Three
10. I A 1 【解析】第 1段首句提到，法阐人对美W 文化的影响力感到惊讶、沮丧、恼火和愤怒；而末句又提到，唯一
让他们感到安慰的是他们坚信法闰文化史加优越；冉结合第3 段末句对法国人的conventional view “传
统观点”的解析说明，可知法国人对自己的文化很自负，故答案为A 。B 、C 分别是第1段首句中的irritated
和dismayed的同义词，它们描述的是法国人对美国文化的强大的反应，与题干意思不符;D 明敁与文章描
述的法国人对待自己文化的强烈的感情色彩不符。
11• 丨C 】【解析】第4 段第] 句中的first idea表明这个最初的想法是被否定掉的，符合题干中的gave up,因此被
诉定掉的原因可以从随后内容获得：more complicated和decentralized可推断出C 中的more diversified
表述正确，故选C A 是法国人对待美国文化的错误观念;B 和D 都是文中的细节内容，但不是缺乏可比
性的原因。
12• 丨C 1 【解析】第 7 段末句中的compared it favorably to和第8 段首句中的strength(优点）表明评论家指出了
• 218 •Part® 76篇阅读模拟集训
该书的优点，C 符合题意. A 、C 表褒义，B ,D表贬义，文中无批评该书的字眼，故可排除B 、D ;而文中评论
家只是指出该书如优点，并未极力赞美(rave about)它，故 A 也不对。
13. [B]【解析】第5 、8 两段都提到作者调査了美国文化，因此选B。第 5 段末句中的neither... nor...表明A 不正
确；第 9 段出现democracy这一字眼，但文中是说《美国文化》这一标题与托克维尔的《美国民主》相呼
应，并未提及这本书强调美国民主；第 7 段说到该书激发大家的思考，但没有说普及了法国文化，故 D
也不对。
14. 【B 】【解析】第 11段末句中的far below和 roughly whaL..等都表明法国政府给文化活动的拨款比美国政府
多得多，故选B t, 第9 、10段说该书讨论了为什么美国没有文化部，传统的理解是它会K 制文化丨彳由，A 就
此判断法国的文化部限制了文化A 由是没有依据的；第 12段指出美国政府机构对文化活动的态度是
indifference,并未提及人民对文化活动不感兴趣，排除C;第9 段明确提到芙国没有文化部，排除D
SECTION B
Passage One
15. Home for people.
【解析】根据题目中的national park定位到第3 段第2 句。该句说大峡谷这个肴似不宜居住的地质在成为国家公
园前却确实是家，接着第3 句开始讲人们在那居住、相爱、做交易等等。可见Home for people为答案。
16. The Hisatsinom.
【解析】根据题S 的the trails in the Grand Canyon可定位到第4 段首句，该句提到大峡谷所有的小道都是由the
Hisatsinom 修建的，所以答案为 The Hisatsinom。
17. Their farms, their homes, the people and places.
【解析】根据题目中的held the Anasazi’s heart定位到最后一段第3 句，该句提到，此处有让他们牵挂的农场、家、
人和地方，因此答案为 Their farms, their homes, the people and places,
Passage Two
18. To offset lost profits on other products/To compensate for lost margins on other products.
【解析】根据题目中的Tom Seluzicki定位到第2 段M 后一句，该句提到有些食物受到人为涨价是为了补偿在其他
商品失去的利润，故本题可直接用文章原同To compensate for lost margins on other products或改写为
To offset lost profits on other products.
19. By lightening quantities of items.
【解析】第8 段讲到美国消费者也发现购物金额虽然没变，但他们拖回家的东西却明显变轻f 可见零售商是通过
减轻商品数M 的方式来处理价格上涨的问题，答案为By lightening quantities of items,
20. Cheating.
【解析】根据题目定位到M 后一段第2 句，该句but后提到她确实看到的油价上涨和食物价格的关系，结合上文的
“食品商涨价”，由此反推，前半句表示她不确定“食品商涨价”是不是在欺骗顾客，故答案为Cheating,
Passage Three
21. In the form of tax incentives.
【解析】根据题目中的government support和 nonprofit foundations定位到第13段。联系上一段可知题目中的
nonprofit foundations(非营利性机构）对发展美国文化起到了举足轻重的作用，该段的定语从句说这些机
构实际上是以税收奖励的形式间接地得到了政府的资助，可见从句中的介词短语为答案，BP In the form
of tax incentives 〇
22. America succumbed to pressure from Hollywood studios.
【解析】根据题目Unesco’s explanation定位到倒数第2 段第3 句。该句提到，联合国教科文组织对美国这种矛®
做法的解释是：华盛顿屈从于好莱坞的压力，华盛顿在这里指代的是美国，故答案可表述为America
succumbed to pressure from Hollywood studios〇
• 219 •T e s t
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SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section there are four passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple
choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, Bf C and D. Choose the one that you think is
the best answer.
Passage One
(l)Daylight saving time (DST) is the convention of advancing clocks so that
f 主 题 ：社 会 问 题
afternoons have more daylight and mornings have less. Typically clocks are adjusted
字 数 ：749
forward one hour near the start of spring and are adjusted backward in autumn.
建 议 用 时 ：丨0 分 钟
Modem DST was first proposed in 1907 by William Willett. Many countries have
L— -— 1
used it since then; details vary by location and change occasionally.
(2) General agreement about the day*s layout confers so many advantages that a standard DST schedule
usually outranks efforts to get up earlier, even for people who personally dislike the DST schedule. The prac
tice is mixed blessing, however.
(3) For instance, retailers, sporting goods makers, and other businesses benefit from extra afternoon sunlight,
as it induces customers to shop and to participate in outdoor afternoon sports. As the 1984 Fortune magazine
estimated that a seven-week extension of DST would yield an additional $30 million for 7-Eleven stores, and
the National Golf Foundation estimated the extension would increase golf industry revenues $2(K) million to
$300 million. Conversely, DST can adversely affect farmers and others whose hours are set by the sun. For
example, grain harvesting is best done after dew evaporates, so when field hands arrive and leave earlier in
summer their labor is less valuable. DST also hurts prime-time broadcast ratings and drive-in and other theaters.
(4) Clock shifts correlate with decreased economic efficiency. In 2(XK) the daylight-saving effect implied an
estimated one-day loss of $31 billion on U.S. stock exchanges. Clock shifts and DST rule changes have a di
rect economic cost, since they entail extra work to support remote meetings, computer applications and the like.
For example, a 2007 North American rule change cost an estimated $5(K) million to $1 billion.
(5) Extra afternoon daylight is said to reduce traffic fatalities. In 1975 the U.S. D O T conservatively identi
fied a 0.7% reduction in traffic fatalities during DST, and estimated the real reduction to be 1.5% to 2%, but the
1976 NBS review of the D O T study found no differences in traffic fatalities. In 1995 the Insurance Institute for
Highway Safety estimated a reduction of 1.2%, including a 5% reduction in crashes fatal to pedestrians. Others
have found similar reductions. Single/Double Summer Time (SDST), a variant where clocks are one hour ahead
of the sun in winter and two in summer, has been projected to reduce traffic fatalities by 3% to 4% in the UK,
compared to ordinary DST. A correlation between clock shifts and accidents has been observed in North America
but not in Sweden. If this effect exists, it is far smaller than the overall reduction in fatalities.
(6) However, the effect of DST on crime is less clear. In the 1970s the U.S. Law Enforcement Assistance
Administration (LEAA) found a reduction of 10% to 13% in Washington, D.C/s violent crime rate during
DST. However, the LE A A did not filter out other factors, and it examined only two cities and found crime
reductions only in one and only in some crime categories; the D O T decided it was “impossible to conclude
with any confidence that comparable benefits would be found nationwide". Outdoor lighting has a marginal and
sometimes even contradictory influence on crime and fear of crime.
(7) DST also has mixed effects on health. In societies with fixed work schedules it provides more afternoon
• 220 •Part © 7 6 篇阅读模拟集训
sunlight for outdoor exercise. It alters sunlight exposure; whether this is beneficial depends on one’s location
and daily schedule, as sunlight triggers vitamin D synthesis in the skin, but overexposure can lead to skin can
cer. Sunlight strongly influences seasonal affective disorder. DST may help in depression by causing individuals
to rise earlier, hut some argue the reverse. The Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation Fighting Blindness, chaired by
blind sports magnate Gordon Gund, successfully lobbied in 1985 and 2005 for U.S. DST extensions, but DST
can hurl night blindness sufferers.
(8) Clock shifts disrupt sleep and reduce its efficiency. Effects on seasonal adaptation of the circadian
rhythm can be severe and last for weeks. The government of Kazakhstan cited health complications due to
clock shifts as a reason for abolishing DST in 2(K)5.
(9) Although the DST increases opportunities for outdoor leisure activities during afternoon sunlight hours,
obviously it does not change the length of the day; the longer days nearer the summer solstice in high lati
tudes merely offer more room to shift apparent daylight from morning to evening. And the DST is commonly
not observed during most of winter, because its mornings are darker: workers may have no sunlit leisure time，
and children may need to leave for school in the dark.
1. According to the passage, the DST _____ .
A. offers one more hour in the afternoon both in the seasons of summer and winter
B. causes people to get up one hour earlier in summer but not in winter
C. adjusts the time of people\s activity arrangement to make full use of the day time
D. causes people to end the activities in the morning one hour later in winter
2. Which of the following businesses may NOT benefit from the DST?
A. Building trade. B. Open-air recreation industry.
C. Outdoor sports business. D. Computer-based services.
3. What is the role of the third paragraph in the development of the topic?
A. To show the advantages and disadvantages of the adoption of DwST.
B. To provide supporting evidence for the preceding paragraph.
C. To emphasize how the adoption of DST affect certain other businesses.
D. To illustrate that the agreement of the day's layout is not always beneficial.
4. What kind of writing does the passage belong to?
A. Persuasion. B. Description. C. Expository. D. Narration.
Passage Two
---- (l)It was the spring of 1985, and President Reagan had just given Mother Teresa
主 题：人物评论 the Medal of Freedom in a Rose Garden ceremony. As she left, she walked down
字 数：639 the corridor between the Oval Office and the West Wing drive, and there she was,
建议用时：10分钟 turning my way. What a sight: a saint in a sari coming down the White House hall.
L---- ---J
As she came nearer，I could not help it: 1 bowed. “Mother”，I said，“I just want to
touch your hand.” She looked up at me— it may have been one of Gods subtle jokes that his exalted child
spent her life looking up to everyone else—and said only two words.
(2)Later I would realize that they were the message of her mission. **Luff Gott,M she said. Love God. She
pressed into my hand a poem she had written, as she glided away in a swoosh of habit. I took the poem
from its frame the day she died. It is free verse, 79 lines, and is called "Mother's Meditation (in the Hospi
tal)/* In it she reflects on Christ's question to his apostles: “Who do you say I am?” She notes that “he
was the boy bom in Bethlehem”， “put in the manger full of straw... kept warm by the breath of the donkey,
who grew up to be an ordinary man without much learning.M Donkeys are not noble; straw is common; and it
was among the ordinary and ignoble，the poor and sick, that she chose to labor. Her mission was for them
and among them，and you have to be a pretty tough character to organize a little universe that exists to help
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people other people aren’t interested in helping. That’s how she struck me when I met her as I watched her
life. She was tough. There was the worn and weathered face, the abrupt and definite speech. W e think saints
are great organizers, great operators, and great combatants in the world. Once I saw her in a breathtaking act
of courage, she was the speaker at the National Prayer Breakfast in Washington in 1995.
(3) All the Washington Establishment was there, plus a few thousand born-again Christians, orthodox
Catholics and Jews, and searchers looking for a faith. Mother Teresa was introduced，and she spoke of God，of
love，of families. She said we must love one another and care for one another. There were great purrs of
agreement. But as the speech continued it became more pointed. She asked, 4*Do you do enough to make sure
your parents, in the old people’s homes, feel your love? Do you bring then each day your joy and caring?”
The baby boomers in the audience began to shift in their seats. And she continued. 4i feel that the greatest
destroyer of peace today is abortion/' she said, and then she told them why, in uncompromising term.
(4) For about 1.3 seconds there was complete silence, then applause built and swept across the room. But
not everyone: the President and the First Lady, the Vice President and Mrs. Gore, looked like seated statues at
Madame Tussauds, glistening in the lights and moving not a muscle. She didn't stop there either, but went on
to explain why artificial birth control is bad and why Protestants who separate faith from works are making a
mistake. When she was finished, there was almost no one she hadn’t offended. A US Senator turned to his
wife and said, "Is my jaw up yet?'* Talk about speaking truth to power! But Mother Teresa didn’t care，and
she wasn't afraid. The poem she gave me included her personal answers to Christ's question. She said he is
"the Truth to be told... the Way to be walked... the Light to be lit." She took her own advice and lived a
whole life that showed it.
5. To Mother Teresa's understanding, God refers to _______.
A. the boy who was bom in Bethlehem and was put in the stable full of straws
B. the ordinary and ignoble man who grew up without much learning
C. the spirit that encourages people to help others, to bring them truth and light
D. the ordinary and poor people that others are uninteresled in helping
6. The sentence "Donkeys are not noble; straw is common.*1 in the second paragraph implies that •
A. it is pitiful that God was bom in such an ordinary condition inconsistent with his nobility
B. it is God^s ignoble and ordinary birth that causes him to grow to be ordinary and unlearned
C. God was rooted in the ordinary, so good deeds should be done for and among the common
D. God originated from the ordinary, so it is the poor and sick needs special help and care
7. Which of the following best describes Mother Teresa as seen by the author?
A. Stirring and critical. B. Brave but offensive.
C. Bold and picky. D. Honest and brave.
8. The senator's question uIs my jaw up yet?'* in the last paragraph indicates that _______•
A. he was thoroughly astonished B. he fell asleep during the speech
C. he was angry with the speech D. he was totally excited
mmm Passage Three
(l)The Boy Scouts of America (BSA), the largest youth organization in the
United States, has policies which prohibit atheists，agnostics, and “known or avowed
主 题：英美生活
homosexuals from membership in its Scouting program; both youths and adults have
字 数：728
had their memberships revoked as a result. The BSA contends that these policies are
建议用时：11分钟
essential in its mission to instill in young people the values of the Scout Oath and Law.
(2)According to its mission statement, the Boy Scouts of America seeks **to prepare young people to make
ethical and moral choices over their lifetimes by instilling in them the values of the Scout Oath and Law”. All
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members are required, as a condition of membership, to promise to uphold and obey both of these pledges.
(3) In reciting the Scout Oath, a Scout promises to be morally straight and to do their duty to God; the
Scout Law holds that a Scout is clean and reverent. The BSA also prohibits girls from participating in Cub
Scouting and Boy Scouting. These policies are controversial and are considered by some to be unfair.
(4) The organization’s legal right to have these policies has been upheld repeatedly by both state and fed
eral courts. The Supreme Court of the United States has affirmed that as a private organization, the BSA can
set its own membership standards. In recent years, the policy disputes have led to litigation over the terms un
der which the BSA can access governmental resources including public lands.
(5) In certain municipalities, the conditions under which the Boy Scouts of America can access public and
nonpublic governmental resources have become controversial, sometimes resulting in litigation.
(6) When a private organization such as the BSA receives access on terms more favorable than other private
organizations, it is known as “special” or “preferential” access. For example, state and local governments may
lease property to nonprofit groups on terms that are preferential to or equal to the terms they offer to com
mercial groups. Special access includes access at a reduced fee or access to places off-limits to other groups.
The categorization of access as “special” or “equal” is not always clear-cut.
(7) Some cities, counties, and states have ordinances or policies that limit government support for organiza
tions that practice some types of discrimination. When the BSA’s membership policies are contrary to these
laws, some government organizations have moved to change the terms under which the BSA is allowed to ac
cess its resources. Private individuals have filed lawsuits to prevent governmental entities from granting what
they see as preferential access. The BSA on the other hand has sued governmental entities for denying what it
sees as equal access.
(8)In response to these changes and litigation，the federal government passed laws mandating the BS A ’s
equal access to local and state-level governmental resources. However, state and local governments still have
flexibility regarding the provision of special access to the BSA.
(9) There also has been opposition to BSA's membership policies, both from organizations and individuals.
Some within the Scouting movement, as well as long-time Scouting supporters, parents, chartered organizations,
and religious organizations have expressed opposition to the policies in ways ranging from protests to forming
organizations that advocate inclusiveness. Some push for a voluntary change within the BSA, others seek invol
untary change by filing lawsuits, still others choose to disassociate themselves from the BSA or encourage oth
ers to do so.
(10) The Unitarian Universalist Association's opposition to the BS A ^ membership exclusions led to a dis
pute between the organizations. In 2001, the Union for Reform Judaism's Commission on Social Action, citing
a commitment to ending discrimination in all forms, issued a memorandum recommending that congregations
stop hosting BSA troops and that parents withdraw their children from all of the Boy Scouts of America’s
programs. Additionally, the General Synod of the United Church of Christ issued a statement urging the BSA
to change policy and stated that, “Discrimination against anyone based on sexual orientation is contrary to
our understanding of the teachings of Christ/* The Secular Coalition for America has urged Congress to revoke
the federal charter of the BSA, stating: “Our government must not entangle itself in religious organizations;
nor should it establish, with government imprimatur, a private religious club.”
(11) There have been numerous efforts to change the BSA\s membership policies, but most of them have
failed. Thus, the fight will go on and there is a long way to go before a satisfactory result is achieved.
9. The fundamental mission of the Boy Scout of America is to ________.
A. teach its members to keep away from atheists, agnostics, and homosexuals
B. develop its members’ character to help them to be prepared in future life
C. brainwash its members with the values of the Scout Oath and Law
D. teach its members how to become a clean and reverent individual
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10. Some government organizations have changed the terms for the BSA to access its resources be
cause _______•
A. they decide not to offer “preferential” access to the BSA according to the new law
B. they are under great pressure posed by oppositions from organizations and individuals
C. the BSA’s exclusive membership policies make it unqualified to get the accessing right
D. they don't think the BSA can enjoy more “special” access than other private organizations
11. In response to the oppositions to BAS, the federal government's reactions turns to be .
A. just B. neutral C. partial D. indifferent
Passage Four
(1) Hemingway once wrote that courage is grace under pressure. But I would
I 主 题：人生哲理 rather think with the 18th-century Italian dramatist, Vittorio Alfieri, that “often the
字 数:661 test of courage is not to die but to live.” For living with cancer engenders more than
建议用时:9分钟 pressure; it begets terror. To live with it, to face up to it—that's courage.
(2) Hope is our most effective **drugM in treating cancer. There is almost no cancer
(at any stage) that cannot be treated. By instilling hope in a patient, we can help develop a positive, combat mb
ive attitude to his disease. Illogical unproven? Perhaps. But many doctors believe that this must become a part
of cancer therapy if the therapy is to be effective.
(3) 1 have had the joy of two beautiful and wonderful wives, the happiness of parenthood and the love of th
eight children. My work was constantly challenging and fulfilling. I have always loved music and books, ballet
and the theater. I was addicted to fltness, tennis, golf, curling, hunting and fishing. Good food and wine graced
my table. My home was a warm and happy place.
(4) But when I became aware of my imminent mortality, my attitudes changed. There was real meaning to
the words, “This is the first day of the rest of your life.” There was a heightened awareness of each sunny
day, the beauty of flowers, the song of a bird. How often do we reflect on the joy of breathing easily, of
swallowing without effort and discomfort, of walking without pain, of a complete and peaceful night's sleep?
(5) After I became ill, I embarked upon many things I had been putting off before. I read the books I had
set aside for retirement and wrote one myself, entitled The Art of Surgery. My wife Madeleine and I took
more holidays. W e played tennis regularly and curled avidly; we took the boys fishing. When I review these
past few years, it seems in many ways that I have lived a lifetime since / acquired cancer. On my last holi
day in the Bahamas, as I walked along the beach feeling the gentle waves wash over my feet, I felt a part of
the universe, even if only a minuscule one, like a grain of sand on the beach.
(6) Although I had to restrict to the size of my practice, I felt closer empathy with my patients. When I
walked into the Intensive Care Unit there was an awesome feeling knowing It too, had been a patient there. It
was a special satisfaction to comfort my patients with cancer, knowing that it is possible to enjoy life after the
anguish of that diagnosis. It gave me a warm feeling to see the sparkle in one patient's eyes—a man with a
total laryngectomy—when I asked if he would enjoy a cold beer and went to get him one.
(7) If one realized that our time on this earth is but a tiny fraction of that within the cosmos, then life
calculated in years may not be as impi^rtant as we think. Why measure life in heartbeats? When life is so de
pendent on such an unreliable function as the beating of the heart, then it is fragile indeed. The only thing
that one can depend upon with absolute certainty is death.
(8) 1 believe that death may be the most important part of life. I believe that life is infinitesimally brief in
relation to the immensity of eternity. I believe, because of my religious faith, that I shall “return to the Fa
ther” in an afterlife that is beyond description. I believe that though my life was short in years， it was full in
experience, joy, love and accomplishment; that my own immortality will reside in the memories of my loved
ones left behind, mother, brother, wife, children, dear friends. I believe that I will die with loved ones close
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by and, one hopes, achieve that great gift of God—death in peace, and with dignity.
12. The point of the second paragraph is that .
A. it's important that doctors should be optimistic enough in curing cancer patients
B. the author believes that there is no cancer can’t be cured by medicine
C. doctors should help patients develop optimistic attitude to fight cancer
D. whether the therapy is effective depends on the patient’s attitude
13. Which of the details of the author's life before acquiring cancer is INCORRECT?
A. Possessing a wide range of hobbies.
B. Having achieved great success in work.
C. Be loved by his wife and children.
D. Doing a job challengeable but offering satisfaction.
14. The sentence UI have lived a lifetime since I acquired cancer1* in Paragraph Five means that •
A. he needn’t to work after acquiring cancer，which means he has plenty of time to enjoy life
B. during the days after he acquired cancer, he has done all the things he planed to do in his life
C. life is so boring and upset in the cancer days that he found it too difficult to endure any longer
D. he enjoyed the rest of his life attentively and finished all those a life supposed to experience
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
In this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each
question in NO more than 10 words.
Passage One
15. What can we conclude from the effects of DST on varioas aspects of society?
Passage Two
16. What did Mother Teresa view abortion as?
17. How did the presidents and their wives feel about Mother Teresa^ speech?
Passage Three
18. What must a Scout swear in the Scout Oath according to the passage?
19. What kind of organization is the Boy Scouts of America?
20. What does the word “off-limits” in Paragraph Six mean?
Passage Four
21. What can we learn about the author's occupation from the passage?
22. How can the author’s attitude to death be best described?
• 225 •专八阅读
案与详解^
SECTION A
Passage One
1. 丨c ] 【解析】第 丨 段 句 提 到 ，诞令时人为调整时钟以延长下午时间和缩短上午时间，调整时间圾终进为丫调
幣人们的活动安排，以充分利用白昼时间，故答案为C。 A 中的offer one more hour®然不符合常识，能快
速排除；# 鍉令:内玆长，时钟被调快以延长下午时间，不X 人们早起；秋冬季AS短，人们则X 早起以提早
结朵上午活动而进人下午活动，故 B 、D 均错误。
2. 丨D 1 【解析】由第3 段可知，下午时间延长让一些室外操作或活动的行业受益，计箅机服务一般域室内操作，不
受[M昼黑夜限制，因此选D
3. 【B ] 【解析】第2 段末句提到U 令时的种种好处，但这一举措也并非完美无缺第3 段紧接旮开始举例，可见第
3 段为上一段观点提供例证支持，因此选B 。
4. 丨C ] 【解析】文中作# 未表达他对本文主题的立场和观点，也未涉及到对夏令时制的具体描述，史'没有悄节性
的叙述，而是客观地介绍了双令时对社会生活各个方面的影响。因此，本文是说明文，选C
Passag. Two
s• 丨C 】【解析】综合考虑特甫莎修女的言谈（第3 、4 段）和她的实际行动（第 1 段）便能得出她对G o d 的i*(实理解，
故答案为C 。
6. [C】【解析】从该句的下文可知，特雷莎修女选择服务于平凡大众正是因为上帝本身即扎根于呰通人之中，这
是她的人生信念，也是本段所要表达的思想，选C 。根据第2 段中特雷莎修女通过思考上帝的出身和经历而
定位ft己人生使命这一主题就可看出A 、B 是孤立且望文生义的句子;D 中的poor and sick以偏概全。
7. | D | 【解析】从第丨段作荇称修女为“圣人”可知，他对修女总体是赞扬和仰热的；第 2 段末作者称修女的讲话
是一次93敢行为.以及第4 段中赞扬修女敢说真话因此, D 正确 A 、B 、C 中的critical, picky和offensive
只是某些听众对修女的肴法，并非作者的观点。
8. [A ]【解析】&后一段中有位议员问道，“我的下巴合起来了吗？”可见他主要还是吃惊，即A 根据M 后一段第4
句可排除B 、D:另从文中的场读描述可知，议员是被修女为说真话而挑战权威的勇气所鍉惊丫可知议员不
是生气，故排除C
Passage Three
9. 丨B 1 【解析】第2 段疗句提到戈闻t 军组织的宗旨，而 B 则是对童军组织宗It的概括，故为正确选项A 中的
atheists, agnostics等涉及萤子军成员资格，不厲于该组织的宗旨，应排除；童子军的任务是向其成员潲输痏
不筲词和纪伴的价值观,但并无C 中brainwash所表达的那么极端，故排除C ; D 是童军纪律的主张之一，
也不是该组织的基本任务。
10. 【 C 】 【解析】根据第7段前两句可知，之所以修改条件关键在于童子军的成员资格政策具有歧视倾向，C符合
该意义。政府修改允许® 子军使用政府资源的条件所依据的法令是已经存在的，A 中的new law与原文
相悖；B 没有原义根据;D 是对题目意思的1： a ,未给出根本原因。
11. 丨C 丨I解析】尽管童子军面对来自社会各界的质疑和反对，美W M 高法院仍肯定其设定成员资格标准的权利
(第4 段），联邦政府史是立法保护S 子军使川政府资源的权利（第 8 段），由此可ft出其行为明M 是对我
子军有所偏袒的.选 C 可以肯定政府的态度不是冷漠和中立，排除B 、D ; 公正更是不大可能，W 此
排除A 。
Passage Four
12. 丨C丨【解析】第2段讲“希® ”对癌症患者意义® 大，因此医生要给患荇以希屯，帮助他们乐观地与病墘抗争
根据段意可知, C 为正确答案。A 说医生要保持乐观，张冠李戴；B 说作者认为药物无病不治，断章取义；D
■ 226 •Part❿ 76篇阅读模拟集训
只说“态度”未涉及“希望”。
13. 丨B 】【解析】第3 段介绍了作者得病前的生活：他得到姿子和孩子的爱，爱好广泛，_ 负•份杏挑战性但有成就
感的工作，B 是对作荇T.作细节的过度引申，因而无根据可言。
14. [ D ] 【解析】D 是根据该句上下文所做的总结，即他用心去亨受余生并体验该体验的感受，M 终让他觉得不枉
此生。因此,答案为D , 本句上文作者回顾了病后所做的事，透谣出的是一种满足感，可以首先排除C ; A 中
的“不需要工作”在文中未提及；B 的干扰性较强，但与D 相比便可狩出其概括的不全而性；
SECTION B
Passage One
15. The practice of DST is obviously controversial.
【解析】从第6 段中的less clear, contradictory influence，第 7 段中的mixed effects以及各段中的but, however等
转折同可知，对于夏令时对社会生活产生的影响是好是坏是有争议的，故答案可总结为The practice of
DST is obviously controversial
Passage Two
16. The greatest destroyer of peace.
【解析】根据题目中abortion定位到第3 段最后一句。该句的引语是特蕾莎修女对堕胎的看法，她认为当今世界和
平的最大破坏者就是喷胎，可见她把峨胎符作是The greatest destroyer of peace，即为答案。
17. Embarrassed.
【解析】第4 段提到，总统和夫人们呆坐在席上，看上去就像杜莎夫人蜡像馆里的雕像。可看出修女直指敏感的社
会问题，毫不顾及总统及其夫人的身份和面子，因此令他们很尴尬，故答案为Embarrassed,
Passage Three
18. To be morally straight and do their duty to God.
【解析】根据题目中的a Scout和Scout Oath定位到第3 段 该 段 it句说在宣IfF时，每个成员都要发誓不做同性恋
者并且忠于上帝，题目中的swear对应原文的promises, 其后的内容为本题答案，即为To be morally
straight and do their duty to God
19. A private, nonprofit and religious organization.
【解析】由第6 段首句可知，童子军为私人组织.另外，从人们对童子军使用政府资源条件的争议在于它比其他非
营利性组织获得更优湛条件可推知，鹿子军为非背利组织, W 由第10段末句可知，® 子军为宗教性组织,
因此答案为 A private，nonprofit and religious organization
20. Unavailable.
【解析】第6 段主要是讲童子军享有特权，而off-limits所许的倒数第2 句说的是特权的两种现象：第一种是某机
构以更低的价格租用某物；第二种涉及跟其他机构相比，既然是特权，可推断是得到其他机构“无法得到
的”租用某场地的权利，可知off-limits有“无法得到的”之义，故答案为Unavailable
Passage Four
21. He was a doctor.
【解析】第5 段第2 句作者说他自己写了一本《外科术》的书，第 6 段首句和第3 句均提到my patients，最后一句又
说他看到一个病人眼里闪现的亮光。由此可知，他的职业是个医生，答案为He was a doctor
22. Positive.
【解析】从最后一段中的 death... the roost important part of life，“return to the Father”和 reside in the memories
of my loved ones等话语中可看出，作者并不惧怕死亡，而是以自己的方式去理解死亡，并以积极的心态
去面对死亡，可见他对死亡的态度是积极的，即答案为Positive。
• 227 •T e s t ®
SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
7/i this section there are five passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple
choice question, there are four suggested answers marked Af By C and D. Choose the one that you think is
the best answer.
Passage One
(1) In a decade working as a nanny, Andreia Soares finally clambered up the
主 题：社会生活
ladder into Brazil’s middle class.
字 数：580
(2) With ihe money she saved, she bought a two-bedroom apartment with granite
建议用时：8 分钟
kitchen countertops and a small veranda, a house for her mother, a plot of land for
her brother and a Louis Vuitton purse from Paris that she proudly pulls from a closet.
(3) While she has done better than many of her counterparts, Ms. Soares is part of a nanny revolution that
is shattering the colonial stereotype of inexpensive but dedicated domestic help in Latin America.
(4) As their expectations for a better quality of life rise, nannies are increasingly seeking to work
for the very wealthy and becoming less affordable for many middle-class families. The shift is causing ripples
of class tension, posing an irritating problem in a society in which more women are entering the work force
without the sort of elaborate system of day care that exists in some industrialized nations.
(5) Fading fast are the days when white - frocked nannies worked for a menial salary, with only two
days off every 15 days. Better-qualified nannies are refusing to work weekends and are demanding salaries that
are two to four times what they were paid just five years ago. A growing number are refusing to sleep over
or are leaving the field, choosing jobs that allow more time for a private life, according to parents, nannies
and directors of nanny placement agencies.
(6) The supply of nannies has thinned as some have sought other work in the expanding job market,
driving up salaries for those who stay in the field, economists, nannies and nanny agency directors said. Many
remaining nannies are taking courses to become better qualified and to help them find work in wealthier
homes, where they can charge much more.
(7) While some mothers embrace the changes as good for Brazil's development, many are up in arms.
Once isolated，nannies now trade information about the market and working conditions through e-mail, blogs
and social networks.
(8) Six years ago, Evanice dos Santos, a former nanny turned blogger, had no Internet access and caught
up with fellow nannies at a Sao Paulo athletic club where her employers were members. Now married, she has
dedicated herself to helping nanny friends online “find a better path" toward more money and better hours.
(9) Some well-paid nannies in Sao Paulo are employing nannies of their own. Ms. Soares said nanny
friends earning more than $4,3(X) a month were paying less-qualified nannies a little over $9(X) a month to
baby-sit for their own children.
(10) Marilia Toledo, the owner of the Masa nanny agency, said the market in Sao Paulo, South America's
largest city，had become a * 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10*warM between demanding nannies and parents trying to hold back nanny inflation.
“Things are changing too quickly and abruptly,” said Ms. Toledo, who has owned the agency for 20 years.
• 228 •Part © 76篇阅读模拟集训
■嗛1 _l • I
,4No one was prepared for this.
(11) Ms. Toledo and some economists are skeptical about how long the revolution can last. Dr. Neri said
Brazilians still had low education levels: an average of seven years of study for adults older than 25. Rodrigo
Constantino, an economist ai Graphus Capital，said a lack of investment in education in Brazil would prevent
many domestic workers from finding other, better-paying work, and incessant salary demands could ignite
inflation.
(12) "Brazil is riding this wave, and each class is moving up the ladder/' Mr. Constantino said. t4The
problem 1 see is how this is going to be sustainable.”
1. To say that Ms. Soares is “part of a nanny revolution”（Para. 3) implies that .
A. nannies have moved up into the Brazilian middle class
B. nannies are seeking better pay and higher social status
C. nannies are leaving their field and seeking other jobs
D. nannies have become better educated and qualified
2. Which of the following is NOT true about Brazilian nannies in the past?
A. They had low social status. B. They were underpaid.
C. They worked long hours. D. They attended training courses.
3. The role of Internet in the nanny revolution includes all the following EXCEPT .
A. keeping nannies informed of the market B. helping nannies find better-paid jobs
C. helping nannies become better-qualified D. helping nannies find jobs of better hours
Passage Two
(1) Desertification, drought, and despair—that’s what global warming has in store
主 题：自然环境
for much of Africa. Or so we hear.
字 « ： 587
(2) Emerging evidence is painting a very different scenario, one in which rising
建议用时：7分钟
------------------ temperatures could benefit millions of Africans in the driest parts of the continent.
Scientists are now seeing signals that the Sahara desert and surrounding regions are
greening due to increasing rainfall. If sustained, these rains could revitalize drought-ravaged regions，reclaiming
them for farming communities. This desert-shrinking trend is supported by climate models, which predict a
return to conditions that turned the Sahara into a lush plain some 12,000 years ago.
⑶ The green shoots of recovery are showing up on satellite images of regions including the Sahel, a semi-
desert zone bordering the Sahara to the south that stretches some 2,4(K) miles.
(4) Images taken between 1982 and 2002 revealed extensive regreening throughout the Sahel, according to a
new study in the journal Biogeosciences. The study suggests huge increases in vegetation in areas including
central Chad and western Sudan. The transition may be occurring because hotter air has more capacity to hold
moisture, which in turn creates more rain, said Marlin Claussen of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in
Hamburg，Germany, who was not involved in the new study.
(5) MThe water-holding capacity of the air is the main driving force,M Claussen said.
(6) While satellite images can't distinguish temporary plants like grasses that come and go with the rains,
ground surveys suggest recent vegetation change is firmly rooted. In the eastern Sahara area of southwestern
Egypt and northern Sudan, new trees are flourishing, according to Stefan Kropelin, a climate scientist at the
University of Cologne^ Africa Research Unit in Germany.
(7) “Shrubs are coming up and growing into big shrubs. This is completely different from having a bit
more tiny grass,” said Kropelin, who has studied the region for two decades. In 2008 Kropelin—not involved
• 229 •专八阅读
in the new satellite research—visited Western Sahara, a disputed territory controlled by Morocco. **The nomads
there told me there was never as much rainfall as in the past few years，” Kropelin said. “They have never
seen so much grazing land.”
(8) “Before, there was not a single scorpion，not a single blade of grass," he said. “Now you have people
grazing their camels in areas which may not have been used for hundreds or even thousands of years. You see
birds, ostriches, coming back, even sorts of amphibians coining back,” he said. “The trend has continued for
more than 20 years. It is indisputable/'
(9) An explosion in plant growth has been predicted by some climate models. For instance, in 2(K)5 a team
led by Reinderl Haarsma of the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute in De Bilt, the Netherlands, forecast
significantly more future rainfall in the Sahel. The study in Geophysical Research Letters predicted that rainfall
in the July to September wet season would rise by up to two millimeters a day by 2080.
(10) Satellite data shows “that indeed during the last decade, the Sahel is becoming more green，” Haarsma
said. Even so, climate scientists don’t agree on how future climate change will affect the Sahel: Some studies
simulate a decrease in rainfall. * 2 3 4'This issue is still rather uncertain/' Haarsma said.
(11) Max Planck’s Claussen said North Africa is the area of greatest disagreement among climate change
modelers. Forecasting how global warming will affect the region is complicated by its vast size and the
unpredictable influence of high-altitude winds that disperse monsoon rains, Claussen added. “Half the models
follow a wetter trend, and half a drier trend.”
4. What is the role of the 7th and 8th paragraphs in the development of the topic?
A. To make a transition to a new topic.
B. To work as a hook to the following paragraphs.
C. To provide a contrast to the preceding paragraphs.
D. To offer supporting evidence to the preceding paragraphs.
5. The sentence “••• North Africa is the area of greatest disagreement among climate change modelers.” in
the last paragraph suggests that .
A. half of the area will follow a wetter trend, while half a drier trend
B. the scientists in North Africa hold different opinions in climate models
C. it is not easy to predict how the climate change influences the district
D. there are different climate models to be built in North Africa
Passage Three
⑴ Most people dream enthusiastically at night，their dreams seemingly occupying
1
主 题：科学研究 hours, even though most last only a few minutes. Most people also read great
字 数：556 meaning into their (夜间的）visions. In fact, according to a new study in
建议用时：7 分钟 ihe Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, the vast majority of people in three
-----------------------^
very different countries— India, South Korea and the United States一believe that their
dreams reveal meaningful hidden truths.
(2) But after so many years of brain research showing that most of our everyday cognitions result from a
complex but observable interaction of proteins and neurons and other mostly uncontrolled cellular activity, how
can so many otherwise rational people think dreams should be taken seriously? After all, brain activity isn't
mystical but— for the most part— highly predictable.
(3) The authors of the study一psychologists Carey Morewedge of Carnegie Mellon University and Michael
Norton of Harvard—offer a few theories. For one, dreams often feature familiar people and locations, which
means we are less willing to dismiss them outright. Also, because we can’t trace the content of dreams to an
• 230 •Part❿ 76篇阅读樓拟集训
external source一because that content seems to arise spontaneously and from within— we can’t explain it the
way we can explain random thoughts that occur to us during waking hours. If you find yourself sitting at your
desk and thinking about a bomb exploding in your office, you might say to yourself, “Oh，I watched 24 last
night, so F m just remembering that episode.M But people have a harder time making sense of dreams. Maybe
24 caused the dream, we think— or maybe we’re having a premonition of an attack. W e love to interpret
dreams widely, and those acts of interpretation give dreams meaning.
(4) Human beings are irrational about dreams the same way they are irrational about a lot of things. W e
make dumb choices all the time on the basis of silly information like racial bias or a misunderstanding of
statistics—or dreams. Morewedge and Norton quote one of the most famous modem studies to demonstrate our
collective folly, from a paper written by psychologists Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman that was published
in Science in 1974. In that paper, Tversky and Kahneman discuss an experiment in which subjects were asked
to estimate the percentage of African countries represented in the U.N. Before they guessed, a researcher spun
a wheel of fortune in front of them that landed on a random number between 0 and 100. People tended to
pick an answer that wasn’t far from the number on the wheel，even though the wheel had nothing to do with
African countries.
(5) As I said, we all make dumb choices based on silly information. That's why we invest meaning in
dreams. That being said, dumb choices aren't necessarily bad ones. A final finding from the study: When
people have dreams about good things happening to their good friends, they are more likely to say those
dreams are meaningful than when they have dreams about bad things happening to their friends. Similarly, we
invest more meaning in dreams in which our enemies are punished and less meaning in dreams in which our
enemies emerge victorious. In short, our interpretation of dreams may say a lot less about some quixotic search
for hidden truth than it does about another enduring human quality: optimistic thinking.
6. The relatioaship between the second and third paragraph is that _____.
A. each presents one side of the topic
B. the second generalizes, the third offers support
C. the third is the logical result of the second
D. the third makes a contrast to the second
7. Which of the following details shows people's irrationality and absurdness in dealing with things?
A. People tend to choose the closer number on the wheel when telling the percentage of African countries.
B. People would link the thought of a bomb explosion with last night's episode of 24.
C. People would rather see their enemies being punished in their dreams.
D. When thinking about a bomb explosion in the office，people tend to interpret it as a premonition.
8. According to the last paragraph，people's varied interpretation of different kind of dreams mainly
suggests ______•
A. the clear line between hatred and love of the human beings
B. the tendency to make foolish decision based on irrelevant information
C. our curiosity about the hidden truth behind the dreams
D. our inclination to think good things rather than bad ones
Passage Four
⑴ Nothing attracts me to a city as much as an exaggerated but pervasive
主 题:旅游
generalization that discourages timid travelers，keeps prices down and lines short, and
字 数:620
makes people like me very happy.
建议用时:9分钟
(2)But I'm an Italy novice, and this was my first time in Naples. So while I
J
• 231 •专八阅读
love wandering and discovering rather than touring established sights, I wondered if I could skip the most
famous pizzerias and churches in the world? Dispense with Pompeii?
(3) My solution is to do some must-sees, and some see-what-happens.
(4) When 1 stepped out of the subway near Naples's historic center it took about 10 seconds for me to fall
in love. A soccer ball rolled past me with kids chasing after it; pedestrians gestured on street comers like
overacting extras on a movie set; motorbikes zoomed by haphazardly; and drying laundry fluttered in the
breeze from just about every ancient balcony. I love cities with no clothes dryers.
(5) Things got even better when 1 found I Fiori di Napoli, my 35 euro a night bed-and-breakfast,
hidden away in a building without a street number, let alone a sign. Walking up marble steps to the third
floor of this 18th-century building just off the narrow streets of the Spanish Quarter, I was greeted by Manuela
Colosimo，one of the owners. Manuela, who spoke in Naples-seasoned but fluent English, would provide me
with endless suggestions (and maps，and guidebooks, and strong coffee) over the week. Her first suggestion:
Trattoria Nennella, just two blocks away, where a two-course dinner with a bottle of wine, a bottle of water, a
cup of cherries and shouting, dancing waiters cost me 12 euros. Manuela snatched my dirty clothes too, hut
rain would delay their return for several days.
(6) 1 decided to spend my first full day wandering the historic center, shelling out 7 euros to see Giuseppe
Sanmartino’s “Veiled Christ” in the Cappella Sansevero Museum, an astonishing sculpture that even atheists
神论者> might find divine•丨 tried the pizza at the famed Di Matteo and the Pizzaiolo del Presidente (named
after Bill Clinton’s visit there). Both were finely executed in the best Neapolitan style, though crusts tended lo
be a bit soggy in the center if you ask me，and Di Matteo tried to tack an extra euro onto the bill, an
annoying though possibly honest error. I also wandered into a barber shop in the Spanish Quarter lo have my
hair cut by a 73-year-old barber named Ciro, who had been working on his trade on the same comer for 50
years. That ran me 8 euros，and we chatted the whole time, which is impressive since he doesn't know even
the word “haircut” in English.
(7) But Italians have ways of making themselves understood. There was the old lady who I sat next
to after taking one of the popular tours of the Greek and Roman. She told me stories of when her family
sought refuge there during the war when she was 8. And the man who chatted me up as I wandered the
narrow alleys of another residential neighborhood; he directed me to a tiny, rustic-seeming restaurant named ‘A
Cucina 4e Mamma, with a 7 euro lunch special. All conversation stopped when I walked in, a sure sign that
this was not a tourist joint.
(8) Mixing the well trodden and the less explored was a good strategy on my first venture outside
Naples: I went to Pompeii, which lived up to its reputation as a tourist-thronged nightmare and where they had
inexplicably run out of maps to accompany the audio tour I shelled out 6.50 euros for. But I also went to the
much more manageable-sized, less-thronged and better-preserved Mount Vesuvius victim: Herculaneum.
9. The following factors can most probably prompt the author to visit a place EXCEPT__ .
A. being adventurous B. being cost-effective
C. being less tourist-thronged D. being full of modem flavor
10. Which of the following words in Paragraph Four implies “move at a high speed •?
A. “rolled”. B. “gestured". C. “zoomed”. D. “fluttered”.
11. Which of the following statements can NOT be inferred from the passage?
A. Naples is famous for its pizzerias and churches.
B. The locals in Naples were quite hospitable.
C. Price was an important consideration in the author's trip.
D. The author himself is an atheist.
• 232 •Part® 76篇阅读模拟集训
Passage Five
(l)New York and London may rule the roost，but other financial hubs in
主 题：经济与商业 America and Europe have managed to carve out useful specialist niches for them
字 数:628 selves. Chicago, for instance, consolidated its position as the world’s derivatives
建议用时:9分钟
center earlier this year with the merger of C M E (formerly the Chicago Mer * 4 5 6 7 8
I
cantile Exchange) and the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT). Now known as the
C M E Group, the former cross-town rivals trade everything from Treasury bond futures to pork bellies. But in
recent years the colorful open-outcry trading floors have gradually ceded business to electronic transactions.
(2)Houston, the largest city in Texas，is home to America’s biggest energy firms，which have spawned an
active cluster of energy traders and hedge funds. And Boston, with plenty of serious wealth, has become a
center for asset management and private equity.
⑶ Europe has developed a diverse set of financial centers ranging from big cities to island havens such as
Jersey and niche markets such as Luxembourg and Dublin. Edinburgh, an established banking centre, is now
touting itself as a low-cost alternative for financial operations.
(4) Among the larger hubs, Frankfurt is an important center for banking and derivatives trading through Eu-
rex，a German-Swiss exchange, with significantly lower costs than London. It is also home to the European
Central Bank. Fifteen years ago Frankfurt aspired to become a global financial center, but these days German
financial giants such as Deutsche Bank and Allianz do much more business in London than in Frankfurt. The
exchange has had a difficult few years, including a couple of failed forays abroad.
(5) Switzerland’s twin financial centers, Geneva and Zurich, have done well in their specialties of private
banking，wealth management and, in Zurich, insurance. About 40% of the banks operating there are foreign.
Hedge funds, private equity and traders in structured products are also moving in. The main attractions are low
taxes, stability and a reputation for discretion. Urs Roth, of the Swiss Bankers Association, says that given its
tiny domestic market，Switzerland has had to fight for open markets on an international scale. But it is now
facing competition from places such as Singapore.
(6) Paris has long lagged far behind London, dogged by a reputation for excessive regulation and high tax
es. The new government of Nicolas Sarkozy is aware that some of France’s best financial brains have crossed
the Channel for more lucrative careers in the City. Yet Paris has many advantages: a large number of interna
tional banks，from BNP-Paribas to Credit Agricole; more international companies than Frankfurt; and easy ac
cess to regulators. It also has the largest market in Europe for trading in mutual funds. Few would dispute that
it offers an attractive quality of life, and it has good transport links. But its labor market is not as international
as London’s.
(7) What makes Paris a place to watch just now is the NYSE’s recent merger with Euronext. The com
bined group will base its international equities business in the French capital. Euronext, which operates ex
changes in five European countries, also illustrates the importance of a common language. Although senior Eu
ropean executives at the merged exchange are based in Paris, it has adopted English as its official language.
But several financiers lament that French government ministers tend to stick to French in public. One honorable
exception to this French rule is Christine Lagarde, the new finance minister. She spent some years in Chicago
and sprinkles her speeches with English phrases.
(8) Financial executives around the world increasingly view Europe as a single market. On November 1st a
new European rule called MiFID (Markets in Financial Instruments Directive) is due to be implemented. This
aims to increase competition among and transparency within financial markets. Financiers in other parts of the
world are wondering how to achieve a similar degree of cross-border financial integration.
12. Which of the following sentences contains a synecdoche?
• 233 •专八阅读
A. ... financial hubs in America and Europe have managed to carve out useful specialist niches...
B. ... a diverse set of financial centers ranging from big cities to island havens such as...
C. ... far behind London, dogged by a reputation for excessive regulation and high taxes...
D. ... that some of France’s best financial brains have crossed the Channel for more...
13. All of the following are advantages of Switzerland's financial centers EXCEPT its .
A. low taxation B. stable political environment
C. reputation for prudence D. broad domestic market
14. Which of the following is NOT true about Paris, according to the passage?
A. The excessive regulation and high taxes have lagged its financial development.
B. It has many advantages that may help in its future financial development.
C. Merger of NYSE with Euronext makes it a new financial center in Europe.
D. A common language is seen as an important factor in its financial development.
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
In this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each
question in NO more than 10 words.
Passage One
15. Why did Dr. Neri doubt how long the nanny revolution could last?
Passage Two
16. What would reclaim drought-ravaged regions for farming communities?
17. What does Clausen think to he the main cause of the increased vegetation in deserted areas?
Passage Three
18. What do most people think of their dreams according to the new study?
Passage Four
19. What strateg>r was adopted by the author when he was in Naples?
20. What is the main purpose of the passage?
Passage Five
21. Where do traders mostly trade derivatives according to the passage?
22. Why is there an active group of energy traders in Houston?
h
案与详解
SECTION A
PasMge One
1• 丨B | 【解析】根据题丨:定位到第3 段。由上文可知，Ms. Soares已经跻身中产阶级，买了房子和土地，第 3 段指出
• 234 •Part © 7 6 篇阅读樓拟集训
保姆革命打破了拉丁美洲保姆作为低廉、忠实的家庭助手的传统形象，山此可见，这里的保姆革命指的是
保姆寻求提高工资及社会地位，W此 B为正确答案。A 说法太绝对，并不是所冇保姆都已经跻身中产阶层；
C、D 的描述比较片面，仅符合部分保姆的表现,且并非保姆革命的重点所在
2. ID丨【解析】由第5 段可知，以前的保姆拿的是仆人的T.资，半个月只有两天休息，而且还要住在鹿主家里，私
人生活受到限制，可见保姆工作时间长(C〉，报酬低（B),社会地位较低（A).而由第6 段第2 句可知，保姆
参加培训班以提高身价是当前的新趋势,并非过去保姆的特点，因此D 为正确答案
3. 丨C1 【解析】根据题干和选项定位到第6 至8 段。由第7 段第2 句可知，现在保姆吋以通过网络了解市场信息
(A)和彼此的工作条件；第 8 段指出曾经做过保姆的Evanice dos Santos通过网络帮助保姆寻找工作时间
较合理（D)且薪水较高的工作（B),而从第6 段第2 句可知，“提升T1身资历”是通过参加培训班实现的，并
非通过网络，故C 符合题意，为正确答案。
Passage Two
4. [D1 【解析】前面几段汫述了一项新发现，即全球变暖可能使沙漠变绿，第 7、8段列举了几个例子，如灌木长
高、可供放牧的地方增多、一 些早已消失的动物的回归等。这些例子均能说明沙漠科变绿的迹象，故选D
5. [C] 【解析】该句意为“北非是气候变化建模者分歧最大的地区' 下文对该句作出解释，即，由于该地区幅员辽
阔，高原季风会吹散季风雨，预测全球变暖如何影响该地区很复杂，故答案为C A 是对原文末句的曲解，原
文是说一半人预测该地区雨tt增多，一半人认为雨狱减少，并非该地区一半雨狱增多，一半雨tt减少；B 中
的 scientists in North Africa 这一限定错误；D 中 to be built 没有根据
Passage Three
6. [B】【解析】本题考査第2 段和第3 段的逻辑关系。第 2 段陈述了这些年来大脑研究的结论：梦很平常，并不神
秘，可以预测；第 3 段为这一结论提供了理论支撑：梦常常是关于我们熟悉的人或地点.同时也剖析了我们
不能找寻到梦的情煨来源的原因。从而得知，第 2 段为总括，第 3 段为其提供理论支撑，因此答案为B
7. [A| 【解析】第 4 段描述了一个实验，实验对象被要求估计联合国里非洲成员国所占的比例在他们冋答之前,
研究员在他们面前转动了一个轮盘，它最终会停在0 到 HX)之间的一个偶然数字上，人们往往在轮盘上就
近地找一个答案，即使这轮盘跟非洲国家没有关系。这个例子说明人们在对待:jf怙上的不理智，故正确答
案为A。
8. [D] 【解析】极后一段指出我们对待不同内容的梦是不一样的：当是好梦时，我们更倾丨：•丨丁•认为它有意义，而当
梦境是我们不喜欢的时候，我们更倾向于赋予它史少的意义iti后一句话衣明，我们对待不间的梦的方式
反映了人类的“乐观思维"(optimistic thinking)这一特点，W此选D
Passage Four
9. 丨D1 【解析】第 1段总结最能吸引作者的地方的特点：让胆小者望而却步、旅行费ffl低、没存很多人排队，以及
能让人商兴。由此可知，A 与 discourages timid travelers 意思相近，B、C 对应 keeps prices down and lines
•short. 只有D没有提到。且从后文对那不勒斯古城的描述，特别是第4 段最后一句I love cities with no
clothes dryers可以济测作者甚至并不喜欢去充满现代感的地方旅行，因此本题选D
10. [C] 【解析】本题要求找出表“高速运动”之意的单词.motorbikes zoomed by haphazardly的意思是“随意地从
身边呼啸而过”，由haphazardly(随意地）可以看出，这里是强调摩托车驾驶者不顾路人，急速行驶，因此本
题选C。A表示“滚动”;B意思是“做动作，打手势”;D意思是“飘动”。
11. |D| 【解析丨D 中的atheist—词出现在第6 段餘句。该句用even atheists might find divine从侧面供托该雕？®
的神圣，而作者自己是不是无神论者无法由此句推断出来，故本题选D 第 2 段作者指出了自己的闲惑：
“我”不喜欢游览固定的景点，而喜欢走走逛逛，发现新事物，所以当决定去那不勒斯的时候，不知道是否
. 235 .专八阅读
应略过那儿最有名的披萨店和教堂. W 此 A 说法正确；文中讲到当地人Manuela给我很多的逮议,73岁的
Ciro在剪头发的整个过程都在和我_ 天，一个女人和我聊了很多她的事情，这些都说明当地人“热情友
好".故 B 也符合；文中作者详细说明了自己所到之处的花费，加上第1 段中的keeps prices down,可见
“价格”是他旅行中考虑的个T(要因素，故C 说法正确。
Passage Five
12. |D1【解析】D 用brains指人.厲于synecdoche“提喻法”，因此选D 。A 、B , C 均未使用修辞手法。
13. 丨D l 【解析】第 5 段倒数第2 句提到，“…… 国内市场微小，瑞士不得不… … ”,D“广阔的国内市场”与文意相
反，故为答案，第 5 段第4 句提到，瑞士金融中心的优点包括低税收、稳定的政治格局和银行业谨慎的经
营作风,A、B 、C 均符合文意，故不选。C 中的prudence对应文中的discretion。
14. [ C ] 【解析】第 7 段首句提到，纽约证券交易所和欧洲期货交易所于近期合并，这使巴黎成为一个值得关注的
地方。C 的主语、谓语符合文意；但宾语在文中并未提及，属于错误推理，故为答案：
SECTION B
Passage One
15. Because Brazilians still had low education levels.
【解析】根据题目中的Dr. Neri定位到倒数第2 段。该段第1 句说Ms. Toledo和一些经济学家怀疑保姆革命能持
续多久，接着第2 句就说Dr. Neri认为巴西人教育水平仍然很低。据此可推测Dr. Neri可能是W 于那些经
济学家中的一员，他的话是对第1 句所说的进一步解释，可见他怀疑革命持续时间是因为巴西人教育水平
低，故 Because Brazilians stHl had low education levels 为答案。
Passage Two
16. Sustained rainfall.
【解析】根据题目中的drought-ravaged regions和farming communities定位到第2 段第3 句。该句说如果持续降
雨，drought-ravaged regions将会恢复生气，降雨也会将它们恢复成为农业社区，该句中的sustained指的是
上一句提及的降雨（rainfall)的持续，these rains也是回指上一句的rainfall,故答案为Sustained rainfall。
17. Hotter air has more capacity to hold moisture.
【解析】根据第4 段第3 句可知，植被大面积增长有可能是因为空气变热后，得以携带更多M®1(morecapacity
to hold moisture),继而可以转化为更多的雨水；第5 段克劳森又指出空气携带水分的能力（water-holding
capacity)是这个变化最主要的驱动力，故答案为Hotter air has more capacity to hold moisture
Passage Three
18. They reveal meaningful hidden truths.
【解析】根据题目中的new study定位到第丨段第3 句。该句说一项新研究表明在印度、韩国和美国的大多数人相
信他们的梦揭示有意义的深层真理。句末破折号后的内容是大多数人的观点，可见答案为They reveal
meaningful hidden truths
Passage Four
19. Doing some must-sees, and some see-what-happensiMixing the well trodden and the less explored.
【解析】第3 段的do some must-sees, and some see-what-happens(看一些必须要看的景点，然后随意看看其他的
地方）以及第8 段首句的Mixing the well trodden(指很多人去的地方)and the less explored(指人迹少至的
236
• •Part❿ 76篇阅读模拟集训
地方）都表明作者决定既参观一些著名的景点，又去探寻一些不为人知的地方，所以答案可以写Doing some
must-sees，and some see-what-happens，也可以写 Mixing the well trodden and the less explored0
20. To suggest a possible pattern of traveling.
【解析】文中多次提到旅游时既游览了有名的景点，又在当地人的指引下探访了许多不为人知的景点，并且在第8
段还提到这是a good strategy,由此可以看出文章的目的是告诉游客一种可行的旅游的方式，因此答案为
To suggest a possible pattern of traveling。
Passage Five
21. Chicago.
【解析】第 1 段提到，芝加哥市在今年早期巩固了自己世界衍生品交易中心的地位，由此可知交易者主要应该是在
芝加哥交易衍生品，因此答案为Chicago。第4 段虽有提到法兰克福在衍生品交易领域里扮演着重要角色，
但并未表示它是最大的衍生品交易中心，故答案不是Frankfuru
22. Because it has America's biggest energy firms.
【解析】第2 段首句定语从句中的which指的是前面的美国最大的能源公司，而从句的谓语动词have spawned有
“催生”之意，由此可知休斯敦是美国最大的能源公司的总部，而这是休斯敦有一群活跃的能源贸易商的原
因，故答案为 Because it has America’s biggest energy firms。
• 237 •SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section there are four passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple
choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, By C and D. Choose the one that you think is
the best answer.
Passage One
(l)That smoking causes lung cancer is well established. But what causes smoking?
主 题 ：医 学 研 究 i This is the question at the heart of a study published in Nature by a group of re
字 数 ：740 searchers who work at deCODE, an Icelandic genomics company. They do not, quite,
建 议 用 时 ：丨0分钟 answer it. But they do think they have the answer to the related question of why * **
some smokers smoke in moderation whereas others are rarely found without a fag in
their hands—and thus why some people are, genetically speaking, more susceptible to lung cancer than others.
(2) That answer lies in part of human chromosome IS, and depends on what is known as allele T of SNP
rsl051730. A SNP，or single-nucleotide polymorphism, to give its full name (the short version is pronounced
**snipM), is a place where genomes routinely differ from one another by a single genetic letter.
(3) In this case, the variation happens inside a gene for one of the receptor molecules that nicotine attach
es itself to when it produces its buzz. Based on a study of 13,945 Icelandic smokers, deCODE’s researchers
showed that having a T in the appropriate pari of the gene correlates very strongly indeed with being a heavy
smoker. The team estimates that the chance of their being wrong is less than one in a thousand trillion.
(4) Not surprisingly, having the T variant also correlates with the chance of a smoker getting lung cancer.
Each copy (there may be none, one or two. since one can come from a person’s father and one from his
mother) increases that chance by 30%. The T variant does not，however, increase the likelihood that someone
will take up smoking in the first place. That is either a matter of free will or, if it is genelic, is controlled by
genes somewhere else. It all looks neat and simple—and extremely plausible. Genes promote smoking; smoking
promotes cancer. However，it might be wrong, for another paper in Nature, and a third in its sister journal
Nature Genetics, report similar studies that have drawn rather different conclusions.
(5) Paul Brennan and Christopher Amos both agree that something significant is going on in the part of
chromosome 15 studied by deCODE. But they have concluded that genetic variation there acts directly on a
personas susceptibility to lung cancer, rather than acting indirectly by modifying his smoking behavior. Thai
does not mean the gene or genes in question actually cause lung cancer. Rather, it means that they amplify
the effects of smoking instead of the amount of smoking.
(6) Like deCODE, both Dr. Brennan (who works at the International Agency for Research on Cancer, in
France) and Dr. Amos (who works at the University of Texas) identified rsl051730 as an important SNP.
Unlike deCODE, though, both think a second SNP, rs8034191, is involved as well. That, and the fact that the
region of chromosome 15 under scrutiny has two other nicotine-receptor genes in it, suggests the situation may
indeed be more complex.
(7) On top of this, Dr. Brennan and Dr. Amos both used a different method from deCODE's. They com
pared lung-cancer patients directly with otherwise similar cancer-free smokers, in what is known as a case con
trolled study, and concluded that genetic variants in the nicotine-receptor-rich part of chromosome 15 are
changing not smokers’ behavior, but their susceptibility to cancer. Moreover, Dr. Brennan also claims to have
• 238 •Part❿ 76篇阅读模拟集训
discovered an increased susceptibility to lung cancer in non-smokers with the relevant SNPs, though his sample
size is small and his result is not supported by Dr. Amos's work.
(8) These contradictory conclusions are both puzzling and intriguing. DeCODE has one further piece of ev
idence in its favor. Besides the correlation with lung cancer, the T variant also seemed to correlate with pe
ripheral arterial disease, another common side-effect of smoking. On the other hand, the firm also acknowledges
that the link it thinks it has discovered does not account for the whole of the risk of smoking-induced lung
cancer. What is not in doubt，however，is that there is some sort of a link between genetics and lung cancer.
(9) That raises interesting issues, particularly as genetic testing becomes easier. DeCODE has already an
nounced it will add rsl051730 to the standard screen it offers to those who wish to know their susceptibility
to diseases. The day is not far off, therefore, when those who take the essentially irrational decision to start
smoking tobacco will be able to find out in advance exactly how foolish they are being.
1. All of the following have enough evidence EXCEPT that .
A. lung cancer is related to chromosome 15 B. lung cancer is related to genetics
C. smoking is genetically decided D. smoking causes lung cancer
2. The results of the study done by Paul Brennan and Christopher Amos _____.
A. have shown a completely contradictory situation with the study done by deCODE
B. suggest that the situation may be more complex than deCODE has identified
C. show that rs803419] instead of rsl051730 is related to the susceptibility to lung cancer
D. smoking behavior is modified by genetic variations in the region of chromosome 15
3. The current conclusions drawn from the studies have been _____.
A. disappointing B. frustrating C. enlightening D. comprehensive
4. Which of the following is INCORRECT about the study of genetics?
A. The different methods adopted have led to the different conclusions that researchers drew.
B. The two groups of researchers have provided evidence in their favor respectively.
C. The role of genetics in smoking and lung cancer has yet to be studied and confirmed.
D. The development of genetic testing has made studies on genetics and lung cancer easier.
Passage Two
(1) When outsourcing company Keane Inc. hired Jyoti Taneja 10 months ago to
work in its Gurgaon, India，offices，her parents were worried. The 22-year-old Ms.
Taneja would be taking calls from American customers of U.S. health-insurance com
panies, finishing her shift at 2:30 a.m.
(2) Hoping to reassure their young hire's parents about her safety, her supervisors
at Keane paid several visits to Ms. Taneja's family home in nearby New Delhi.
(3) They outlined the security measures Keane takes to protect employees, such as providing a shuttle ser
vice to and from work, and having security escorts accompany young women who are riding home alone.
“All of that adds to my m o m and dad’s confidence，’’ Ms. Taneja says.
(4) Facing a shortage of workers, India's outsourcing specialists are pulling out the stops. In a culture
where twenty-somethings often live with their parents and seek their blessing on major life decisions, family
outreach has become a critical recruiting and retenlion tool, along with offering more-flexible work hours, high
er salaries and continuing education.
(5) Such efforts 44create a bond，not just between the employees and the organization，but also with the
families, and is key to our retention strategy，” said Ritu Anand，a human-resources executive at Tata Consul
tancy Services Ltd., one of India's largest technology and outsourcing companies, in an email.
(6) India,s technology-services and outsourcing industry generated $33 billion in revenue last year and is
expected to continue growing at a fast clip, as U.S. and European companies increasingly farm out customer
• 239 -专八阅读
service and software development, as well as such functions as billing, payroll, benefits administration and in
surance-claims review.
(7) That growth has led to stiff competition for labor. Outsourcing firms are constantly trying to recruit new
college graduates and lure young talent away from one another. Employee turnover rates have jumped, with
half of the employees at Indian customer-service operations changing jobs annually.
(8) Like many other young call-center workers, Ms. Taneja has fielded several calls from headhunters offer
ing her a salary increase. But having settled in at Keane and won over her parents, she isn't moving. “I do
get plenty of calls, but I’m not interested，” she says. “1 don’t want to start all over.”
(9) Keane，which is based in San Ramon, California, and operates in 10 countries, goes to great lengths to
win parents’ confidence. The company, which employs 14,000 people world-wide and has $1 billion in annual
revenue, invites parents to attend orientation sessions for the 200 to 300 new hires in India that start every few
weeks.
(10) Because Keane isn’t a household name，some parents worry that working there mightn't enhance their
child’s marriage prospects, a key consideration in India，or are concerned about money. “They’ll ask， ‘how
much will my son get?’” says Sudip Mandal，Keane’s head of recruitment in India.
(11) Other parents want to make sure that transportation to and from work is safe，especially for young
women. Those anxieties were reinforced last fall by the rape and murder of a 22-year-old outsourcing employee
of Wipro Technologies Ltd. on her way to the office for a night shift.
(12) Keane’s Mr. Mandal assures parents that Keane conducts rigorous background checks on local drivers
before hiring them, and checks them daily to make sure they are alert and aren't under the influence of alcohol.
(13) Like much of the industry, Genpact Ltd., a spinoff of General Electric Co. that has more than 34,(KX)
employees in India, holds periodic “Family Days” for employees to allow parents and other relatives to see
what they do.
(14) At a Genpact Family Day late last year, executives gave a presentation about the company’s business
to 75 or so workers and family members. Then family members watched a talent show featuring their young
relatives singing and dancing. Next came a comic skit about what life might be like if Americans were the
call-center workers and Indians were the customers on the line complaining about poor service.
(15) Amaijit Vohra says she was initially opposed to her 24-year-old daughter Pawanpreet working at Gen
pact, mainly because of late-night safety concerns. But she says Family Day put her at ease. t4I got to see the
workplace from the inside,M the elder Ms. Vohra says.
(16) Tim Huiting，vice president of human resources at Convergys Corp., a Cincinnati-based outsourcing
firm with 12,000 employees in India that handles customer service and billing for clients such as Dupont Co.,
Whirlpool Corp. and A T & T Inc., says, 14People here now look at (outsourcing) opportunities as one of the
most attractive career options for their children.M
5. A 23-year-old Indian noman will most probably take the job that _____ .
A. is equipped with security measures B. guarantees a high salary
C. offers continuing education D. is recommended by her family
6. What is the role of Paragraph 4 in the development of the topic?
A. To provide an example for the previous paragraph.
B. To provide a transition to the following paragraphs.
C. To illustrate the reason for the employee retention measures.
D. To illustrate the reason for adopting the family strategy.
7. The high employee turnover rates in India's outsourcing industry are due to all of the following EX
CEPT _____ •
A. growth of the industry B. shortage of workers
C. India's unstable culture D. fierce competition
240 •Part❿ 76篇阅读模拟集训
8. Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage?
A. A bond with employees’ families is a key retention strategy of Tata Consultancy Services Ltd.
B. Competition for labor in India's outsourcing industry is going to be even fiercer this year.
C. Family Days have provided opportunities for the families to know more about the company.
D. People in India are still having great doubts about working in the outsourcing industry.
Passage Three
(1) Ready for breakfast? How about some nice juicy raw or pickled herring，or
some toasted seaweed in a bowl of rice? Losing your appetite? Maybe a spicy
sauce made of lentils could wake up your taste buds!
(2) These dishes may seem strange to a North American，but they are typical
morning meals in other parts of the world. Young, fresh raw herring, known as
“green herring”，is enjoyed in the Netherlands. Dried seaweed, called “nori”，is a popular food in Japan.
Lentil sauces, called are eaten along with fresh fruit and bread for breakfast in India. Kids in these
countries might be astonished to hear that an American, on average, eats about 5 kilograms a year of our fa
vorite breakfast food—dry cereal. What tastes good to people, as well as what is tasteful to offer as refresh
ment to guests, can be very different from one culture to another.
(3) “Bird’s-nest” soup is a Chinese delicacy. This rare and expensive food is actually made from the
jellylike saliva that swifts (a type of bird) secrete as they line their nests. It is really “bird’s-spit” soup! If
you are sure you would say “No，thanks! H to this dish, think again. You already may have eaten a sweet
treat from just as strange a source. Many Americans enjoy honey, which is produced inside the bodies of bees.
W e may not think often of the insects that secrete this sticky fluid，but Ethiopians do. They believe that the
best honey is crunchy, and proudly offer their guests honey filled with fragments of waxy honeycomb and bits
of dead baby bees.
(4) Insects are eaten in several parts of the world. Termites are a gourmet treat in Africa. In Asia, the
Japanese eat locusts and the Thais enjoy crickets. (In case you’re curious，dry-roasted crickets are supposed to
taste like smoke-flavored nuts!) But many Africans and Asians who snack on insects consider shellfish inedible.
They would never have the bad taste to offer a guest lobster stew or steamed crab legs— dishes that appear on
many American tables.
(5) Tastes in food also change over time. Rabbit was once a dish fit for medieval English kings, and
American colonists often ate robins. Nowadays, neither of these meats is a frequent menu item in the English-
speaking world. Vegetables have also gone in and out of fashion. Baked，stuffed，or fried potatoes are a “hot”
food item today. But when explorers first brought this South American vegetable back to Europe, peasants
feared it would cause leprosy.
(6) Many people would only feed spuds to pigs. In the 18th century，Scotland even passed a law against
potatoes, because this supposedly poisonous, uungodlyM vegetable was not mentioned in the Bible\
(7) Still hesitating about having some seaweed for breakfast? Don't worry, you can always have a tasty
mouthful later in the day. “Carageenan，” an ingredient in many brands of ice cream, comes from a type of
seaweed called 44Irish moss.M The alginates used to stabilize and thicken other frozen foods, cakes, and pies are
also derived from seaweed.
9. Which of the following shall be viewed as a normal main course on Americans9 dinner table?
A. Dry cereal. B. Bird’s nest. • C. Lobster. D. Robins.
10. The last but one paragraph implies that _____•
A. Scottish laws are set up based on the Bible B. Scottish people highly valued the Bible
C. potatoes were fed to pigs in Scotland D. potatoes are not welcome in Scotland
• 241 •专八阅读.
11. From the description in the passage, we learn that _____•
A. people in Asia will all happily eat crickets served to them
B. American food seems to be accepted all over the world
C. Americans will never eat such food as seaweed
D. people's taste in food seems to vary with culture and time
Passage Four
(1) Americans may have been distracted by two reports reminding them of a
widening gap between the rich and poor.
主 题 ：社会
(2) The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities and the Economic Policy Insti
字 数:668
tute, two liberal research groups, put out a state-by-state breakdown of Census Bureau
建 议 用 时 分 钟
data，which found nine states (led by New York) in which the richest 20 percent
of households now earn at least 11 times the income of the poorest 20 percent. This indicated a much sharper
disparity between the top and bottom than existed two decades ago.
(3) Then the Federal Reserve Bank released its latest survey of consumer finances. It showed that the aver
age net worth of families earning less than $10,000 a year had fallen by $6,600 over the past three years,
while households earning more than $HK),(KK) a year had seen their wealth jump by more than $30(),()0().
(4) Our response is: So what?
(5) Few of us should be surprised—or threatened一by statistics on inequality. Some Americans believe the
more equality the better, but the fact is that the distribution of income and wealth isn’t arbitrary. It emerges
from broad trends in the economy and is a byproduct of a decade that created 17 million jobs and added 20
percent to median household net worth.
(6) The unstated implication of the state-by-state report was that the states where income disparities are
lower are somehow "fairer" than the states with high disparities. But the truth is that among communities, states
and regions, income and wealth will vary for many reasons, several of them unavoidable and laudable.
(7) Consider, for example, that income varies with education. According to census data， high school
dropouts in the work force earn an average of $26,207，while workers with a professional degree average
$127,499. Census figures show that many of the states with the widest income gaps have greater diversity in
education levels than states with smaller income gaps. Twenty-six percent of those over the age of 24 in New
York一the state with the greatest income disparity_ have at least a bachelor’s degree, whereas in Indiana,
which was among the seven states with the lowest income disparity, only 16 percent do. Should we be
lamenting that so many New Yorkers went to college?
(8) Another non-nefarious cause of increasing income disparity may be our ever-higher immigration rates.
Immigrants tend to cluster in low- and high-income groups. Thus it is no suqjrise that in the seven most un
equal states— New York. Arizona, New Mexico, Louisiana, California, Rhode Island and Texas—about 13 per
cent of the population is foreign-bom (in California, it's 25 percent). Among the seven states with the smallest
income disparities, the immigrant population is only 3.8 percent.
(9) The shift away from manufacturing is also a factor. Service workers span the gamut from hotel maids
to brain surgeons, while the pay range is generally narrower in the manufacturing sector. States that are indus
trial tend to have more equal distributions of income. Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics show that about
10 percent of workers in Arizona, Louisiana and New York have manufacturing jobs, whereas in more equal
states like Indiana and Wisconsin the figure is 23 percent.
(10) Also, in the seven states with the greatest income inequality, more than 80 percent of the population
lives in or near metropolitan areas. In states with the most equality, only about half does. If we were to
turn back the clock 100 years and again become a largely rural nation，we might not see such large income
• 242 •Part❿ 76篇阅读模拟集训
disparities, but that’s because America’s cities are our engines of wealth and offer greater prospects for those
who succeed.
(ll)Inequality is not inequity. Artificial efforts to try to curb wealth gaps invariably do more harm than
good. Heavier taxation might narrow the division between rich and poor, but it would be a hollow triumph if
it stifled the economy. What Americans ought to care most about is maintaining our growth, not the red her
ring of gaps in income and wealth.
12. According to the passage, a family that earns $8,000 a year with the net wealth being $76,600 proba
bly had a net worth of three years ago.
A. $376,600 B. $70,000 C. $83,200 D. $84,600
13. Which of the following does NOT contribute to the higher income disparities?
A. The varied education levels of workers. B. The ever-higher immigration rates.
C. The shift away from manufacturing. D. The level of industrialization of cities.
14. Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage?
A. Both reports mentioned have indicated inequality in America’s income or wealth distribution.
B. Most Americans believe that the more equality in income or wealth distribution the better.
C. Rural nations are believed to have smaller income or wealth disparities than metropolitan ones.
D. Economic growth should be concerned more instead of the disparities of income or wealth.
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
In this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each
question in NO more than 10 words.
Passage One
15. What is the chance of a smoker getting lung cancer related to?
Passage Two
16. What is the problem that outsourcing companies in India are facing?
17. What efforts have outsourcing companies in India made to retain talents, besides family outreach?
Passage Three
18. What does the word “gourmet” 丨n the 4th paragraph mean?
19. What is the main idea of this passage?
Passage Four
20. What is the author9s view of a widening gap between the rich and poor in America?
21. What does the state-by-state report imply?
22. Why is it no surprise that New York is a state with the greatest income disparity?
• 243 •专八阅读
4 案与详
SECTION A
Passage One
1•丨C丨【解析】第 4 段倒数第2句提到基W诱导吸烟，而iii后--句却用it might be wrong来否定这个说法，且第
5段第2 句提到堪W变异与个人吸烟习惯没有迕接关系，故选C。第 4段首句的胸腺嘧啶的变异和吸烟荇
发生肺癌的机会呈正相关；而根据第2段首句可知，胸腺嘧啶存在于chromosome 15,也M f 坫W变异这一
系列的*!f实，"〖推出A、B符合文意：D 4 第4段倒数第2 句中的smoking promotes cancer相符
2. 丨B 1 【解析】第 5 、6 段提到Paul Brennan和Christopher A m o s 所做的研究与d e C O D E 公司结果的一^ ^ M 之
处和相似之处，并在第6 段末句总结得出，实际情况可能史‘加复杂，B 符合此意，故 正 确 A 中的completely
太绝对;C 中的instead of与第6 段倒数第2 句中的involved as well不符；第 5 段第2 句中的rather than
否定 1T.._ modifying his smoking behaviour,故 D 错误...
3. [C丨【解析】M 后两段对原文提到的研究所得的结论做厂& 结评价，其屮倒数第2 段首句提到这牲研究既puz
zling 乂 intriguing, Ifi丨末段 酋句乂提到这些研究 raises interesting issues, 且该段第 2 句又说到对问题更深人
理解的一天“近在咫尺”。由此可知，作者认为这些研究的结果是很具启发性的，故选C A 和 B 的disap
pointing 和 frustrating 厲于贬义， 通读全文可知作者并未在文中表达出贬义的感情色彩； 文中提到 了两个
产生对立结论的研究，并表明还有问题没有确定，可见研究的结论不全面，故 D “综合性的，全面的”不对。
4.丨 A ] 【解析】第7 段首句确实提到了布伦南和阿莫斯教授均采用了和d e C O D E 公司不同的研究方法，但第6 段
首句提到他丨I']均确定rsl051730是一个® 要的单核# 酸多态性结构，这一点与d e C O D E 公司观点一致，说
明两个研究也存在相同之处，故A 中的第二个different表述不对，因此选A
Passage Two
5. 丨D ] 【解析】第 4 段第2 句提到，印度2 0 几岁的年轻人往往在重大的人生选择t 征求父母的意见，由此可推
断,D 正 确 B 、C 在第4 段末句并列出现，通常并列出现的选项不为答案，故可同时排除；A 中的security
measures出现在第3 段首句，它是Keane向员工家人阐述的内容，与题意不符
6. |B1【解析】第 4 段讲述了印度外包公司竭力招葬人才和留住人才的原因和手段，下文接荇阐述的也是这方面
的内容。由此可知，第4 段在文章主题发展中起到f 启下的过渡作用，因此选B
7. [C丨【解析丨文中只在第4 段提到家庭对年轻人择业的影响，而这严格来说并不属于“文化”, C 未在文中体现，
故选C 。第 7 段首句的growth和competition分別表明A 和D 符合文意；第 4 段首句的shortage of work
ers 和第 7 段末句的 ••• half of the employees... changing jobs annually 表明， B 也符合文意 3
8• 丨D I 【解析】文章最后一句引语中提到“人们将外包工作的机会视为子女们的最佳职业选择之一”, D 与之不符，
故选D A 与第5 段中的引语相符;结合第6 段和第7 段首句可知，B 符合文意;C 与倒数第2-4句相符
Passage Three
9. [C】【解析】第4 段最后一句提到，炖龙虾或蒸M 腿在很多美W 人的餐桌上是常见的，由此可知, C 的龙虾会是
正常的美国晚餐主食，因此选C 。
10. 丨B 1 【解析】倒数第2 段讲到丨8 世纪，因为<圣经》中没有提到过土豆，苏格兰通过了一项法律禁止食用土豆。
由此可知（圣经>在苏格兰非常受道视，故 B 正确。A . D 有一定的干扰性，注意这两项用的时态为现在时，
而文章描述的是过去唞实，因此不符文意；倒数第2 段疗句说的是Many peop丨e 只是用土豆喂诸，C W in
Scotland来把该句意思普遍化，故也不对。
11. [ D 1 【解析】第 2 段末句提到，人们的口味随# 文化的不同可能非常不一样；第 5 段首句提到，人们的口味随
狞时间而改变，D 表达了这两种意思，故为正确答案i A 、B 中all和C 中的never表达均过于绝对
Passage Four
12.丨C丨【解析】第 3 段第2 句提到，家庭收入少于苺年1万美元的，在过去3 年里其平均净资产减少了 6600关
元，题干中的$8000少于1万美元，因此其家庭净资产比3 年前少了 6600美元。题H给出目前净资产为
• 244 •Part® 76篇阅读模拟集训
7.66万美元的，可经过简单加法计箅出::年前净资产为8*32万美元,因此选C 。此题容易误选B 。要注意，题
目给出的是当前净资产，要求箅出的是5 年前的净资产，而不是给出三年前的净资产来算1 前的净资产
13. [D j【解析】第9 段第2 、3 句提到，T-、lk州的收入分配更趋于平均化, D 与之不符，选 D 第6 段末句表明接下
来要分析的是贫富差距的几个因素，而第7 、8 、9 段首句就是这些因素，它们也是各自段落的概括句,A 、B 、
C 分别是对这3 句的间义改写，符合文总，故均不能选.
14. 丨B ] 【解析】第5 段第2 句的主语使)丨〗的限定范闹是Some,而B )丨】的是Most,不符合文意，故选B A 与第2
段相符;C 与倒数第2 段相符；D 是对文章末句的同义改写.
SECTION B
Passage One
15. Having the T variant.
【解析】根据题目中的the chance of a smoker getting lung cancer定位到第4 段首句该句提到，胸腺啼陡的变
异同样和吸烟者发生肺癌的机会呈正相关，题目中的is... related to对应原文的correlates with,故答案可
在该句的主语中获得，即为Having the T variant
Passage Two
16. A shortage of workers.
【解析】根据题目中的problem和facing定位到第4 段。该段首句提到，由于员工短缺，印度的专业外包企业正竭
力招葬人才，原文该句Facing的宾i吾对应题目的What,故答案为A shortage of workers。
17. Offering more-flexible work hours, higher salaries and continuing education.
【解析】第 5 段主要讲外包企业努力的效果，题目中的retain talents是对原文retention strategy的同义改写，而该
段段首的Such efforts回指第4 段段末所说的这些企业为了留住人才而做的努力，故答案可从该处获得，
题目已经提到 family outreach，因此答案为 along with 后的内容，即为 Offering more-flexible work hours,
higher salaries and continuing education〇
Passage Three
18. DelicateyDelicious.
【解析】第3 段主要讲到一些美闽人认为奇怪，而在其他文化中却是正常的一些食物。而第4 段的前四句也继续讲
类似的内容，gourmet在第4 段第2 句，故"了推断gourmet treat表^ 丰语Termites是非洲人的美味佳肴，
由此gourmet应理解为“美味的”，故答案为Delicate或 Delicious
19. What people eat in different cultures.
【解析】原文出现了 different，strange，change等词，而旦通篇都写了不同食物以及不同的国家名称，可以知道文
章的主题应该是不同文化的饮食差异故答案为What people eat in different cultures
Passage Four
20. It is understandable.
【解析丨第5 段首句提到，大多数人都不应该为贫茁差距的加大感到吃惊或恐慌；第 6 段末句更提到，导致贫富差
距的某些因索是不可避免并值得赞许的；末段酋句也提到收人的不平均并不代表不平等、丨丨1此可推断，作
者对于美国正在加大的贫富差距表示理解，故答案为丨t is understandable。
21. States with lower income disparities are fairer.
【解析】第 6 段首句提到，分析报告暗含那些收人差异小的州要比差异大的州更公平些，题目换了一种表达方式，
用动词imply来改写原文的名同implication, n〖见答案在于原文that引导的表语从句中，限于字数要求，
than后的内容可以不要，意思也表达淸楚了，故答案为States with lower income disparities are fairer...
22. Because it has more immigrants than other states.
【解析】第 8 段指出造成收人差距加大的另一个不可指责的原因或许是攀升的移民率：题H 中的纽约厲于贫富差
距煅大的七个州之一，而移民们趋于集中在低收人和A 收人的两个群体中，可推断出纽约的贫茁差距不足
为怪是因为纽约的移民比其他州多，故答案为Because it has more immigrants than other states。
• 245 •SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each
multiple choice question^ there are four suggested answers marked Af B， C and D. Choose the one that you
think is the best answer.
Passage One
(l)Criminology has treated women’s role in crime with a large measure of indif
-------------、
主 题：社会间题 ference. The intellectual tradition from which criminology derives its conception of
字 数:971 these sexes maintains esteem for men’s autonomy, intelligence and force of character
建议用时：16分钟 while disdaining women for their weaknesses of compliance and passivity. Women
L-----------------------J who conform as pure, obedient daughters, wives and mothers benefit men and society.
Those women who don't, that is are non-conforming, may simply be one who questions established beliefs or
practices, or one who engages in activities associated with men, or one who commits a crime. These women
are doubly damned and doubly deviant. They are seen as “mad” not “bad”. These behaviors frequently
lead to interpretations of being mentally abnormal and unstable. Those doing the defining, by the very act, are
never defined as “other”，but are the norm. As “men” are the norm, women are deviant. Women are defined
in reference to men. In the words of Young, “sexual difference is one of the ways in which normal is marked
out from deviant”. So why do these differences exist within the criminal justice system and society as a
whole? In order to understand why offending and punishment differs between genders it is important to ac
knowledge and analyze past perceptions, theories and perspectives from predominant sociologists and criminolo
gists of that time towards women in society.
(2) Up until the turn of the century, women were primarily perceived as sexual objects and expected to re
main within male dominated ideologies such as homemaker, career and nurturer taking second place after men.
Women who strayed from the norm were severely punished, void of any opportunities to explain their actions.
Perhaps interventions from Elizabeth Fry in the early nineteenth century campaigning for women to be housed
in separate prisons from men and offered rehabilitation could be marked as the starting point for intense studies
being conducted into relationships between women and crime. The conception at that time was that women
must be protected from, rather than held responsible for their criminal actions. Unfortunately, such intervention
only caused coaxing rather than coercion, that is, women became segregated even more as individual members
of their community.
(3) Later in the late nineteenth century, Lombroso and Ferrero wrote a book called, The Female Offender.
Their theories were based on **atavismw. Atavism refers to the belief that all individuals displaying anti-social
behavior were biological throwbacks. The bom female criminal was perceived to have the criminal qualities of
the male plus the worst characteristics of women. According to Lombroso and Ferrero, these included deceitful
ness, cunning and spite among others and were not apparent among males. This appeared to indicate that
criminal women were genetically more male than female, therefore biologically abnormal. Criminality in men
was a common feature of their natural characteristics, whereby women, their biologically-determined nature was
antithetical to crime. Female scxrial deviants or criminals who did not act according to pre-defined standards
were diagnosed as pathological and requiring treatment, they were to be “cured” or “removed”.
(4) Other predominant theorists such as Thomas and later. Pollack, believed that criminality was a pathology
• 246 •Part❿ 76篇阅读模拟集训
and socially induced rather than biologically inherited. As Thomas says， “the girl as a child does not know
she has any particular value until she learns it from othersM. Pollack believed，“it is the learned behavior from
a very young age that leads girls into a ‘masked’ character of female criminality”，that is, how it was and
still is concealed through under-reporting and low detection rates of female offenders. He further slates, “in
our male-dominated culture, women have always been considered strange, secretive and sometimes dangerousM.
A greater leniency towards women by police and the justice system needs to be addressed especially if a
“true” equality of genders is to be achieved in such a complicated world.
(5) Although it may be true that society has changed since the days of Lombroso and Ferrero, past theories
appear to remain within much of today's criminal justice system. Women have so many choices of which they
didn't before. It would appear naive to assume that women and crime may be explained by any one theory.
Any crime for that matter, whether male or female, may not be explained by any one theory. It is an
established and non-arguable fact that males and females differ biologically and sociological influences, such as
gender-specific role-playing appears to continue within most families. It*s a matter of proportion not difference.
According to Edwards, “the enemy is within every woman, but is not her reproductive biology, rather it is the
habit regarding it into which she has been led by centuries of male domination”.
(6) Many argue, the main culprit for aggression as seen in many men is “testosterone”. This hormone
appears responsible for much of the male crime, even in today's society of increased knowledge on the subject.
In contrast, extensive research over the past twenty-five years done on the testosterone/aggression link focusing
on prenatal testosterone predisposing boys to be rougher than girls, concluded it was very difficult to show any
connection between testosterone and aggressive behavior. Cross-cultural studies of ninety-five societies revealed
forty-seven percent of them were free of rape while at least thirty-three societies were free of war and
interpersonal violence was extremely rare. Based on these studies, it may be evident to suggest that sociological
factors and environmental influences appear to have greater credibility in explaining criminal behavior, whether
male or female.
(7) As most women commit crimes of a lesser violent nature such as shop-lifting, leniency is given to them
from law enforcement officers and judges. It is true that many women use their “femininity” to their advantage
which makes it very difficult to argue equal rights for both sexes. This unequal position of women in society
due to social oppression and economic dependency on men and the state, needs to be addressed.
1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A. The tradition thinks that men are self-controlled and clever.
B. Women who do not conform will be punished or commit a crime.
C. Defining of the norm is in reference to men’s activities.
D. Women criminals are treated with indifference before the law.
2. What can we learn about the Elizabeth Fry Campaign in the early nineteenth century?
A. The intervention made women become individual member of their society.
B. The intervention from the campaign made women responsible for their actions.
C. It aroused great interest about the relationships between women and crime.
D. It was a movement for women to be imprisoned with men during that time.
3. The word “rehabilitation” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _____ .
A. restoration B. freedom C. boldness D. responsibility
4. The women used to be expected in the male-dominated society as all the following EXCEPT _____ •
A. homemakers B. submissive daughters
C. women of character D. devoted mothers
5. What might be the best title for this passage?
A. Women and Men Criminals B. The Cause of Female Criminality
C. The Sex Prejudice Against Women D. The Social Status of Women
• 247 •专八阅读
Passage Two
(l)When Maggie was gone to sleep, Stephea weary too with his unaccustomed
主 题：文学
amount of rowing and with the intense inward life of the last twelve hours, but too
字 数:919
restless to sleep, walked and lounged about the deck, with his cigar, far on into
建议用时：14分钟
midnight, not seeing the dark water—hardly conscious there were stars—living only
in the near and distant future. At last fatigue conquered restlessness, and he rolled
himself up in a piece of tarpaulin on the deck near Maggie's feet.
(2) She had fallen asleep before nine, and had been sleeping for six hours before the faintest hint of a
midsummer daybreak was discernible. She awoke from that vivid dreaming which makes the margin of our
deeper rest. She was in a boat on the wide water with Stephen, and in the gathering darkness something like
a star appeared, that grew and grew till they saw it was the Virgin seated in St. Ogg's boat, and it came
nearer and nearer till they saw the Virgin was Lucy and the boatman was Philip, who rowed past without
looking at her; and she rose to stretch out her amis and call to him, and their own boat turned over with the
movement and they began to sink, till with one spasm of dread she seemed to awake and find she was a
child again in the parlour at evening twilight. From the soothed sense of that false waking she passed to the
real waking，to the plash of water against the vessel，and the sound of a footstep on the deck，and the awful
starlit sky. There was a moment of utter bewilderment before her mind could get disentangled from the
confused web of dreams; but soon the whole terrible truth urged itself upon her. Stephen was not by her now:
she was alone with her own memory and her own dread.
(3) The irrevocable wrong that must blot her life had been committed— she had brought sorrow into the
lives of others— into the lives that were knit up with hers by trust and love. The feeling of a few short weeks
had hurried her into the sins her nature had most recoiled from—breach of faith and cruel selfishness; she had
rent the ties that had given meaning to duty，and had made herself an outlawed soul with no guide but the
wayward choice of her own passion. And where would that lead her? Where had it led her now? She had
said she would rather die than fall into that temptation. She felt it now一now that the consequences of such a
fall had come before the outward act was completed. There was at least this fruit from all her years of striv
ing after the highest and best一that her soul, though betrayed, beguiled, ensnared, could never deliberately con
sent to a choice of the lower.
(4) Her life with Stephen could have no sacredness: she must for ever sink and wander vaguely, driven by
uncertain impulse; for she had let go the clue of life—that clue which once in the far off years her young
need had clutched so strongly. She had renounced all delights then, before she knew them, before they had
come within her reach: Philip had been right when he told her that she knew nothing of renunciation: she had
thought it was quiet ecstasy; she saw it face to face now—that sad patient living strength which holds the clue
of life，and saw that the thorns were for ever pressing on its brow. That yesterday which could never be
revoked— if she could exchange it now for any length of inward silent endurance she would have bowed
beneath that cross with a sense of rest.
(5) Day break came and the reddening eastern light，while her past life was grasping her in this way, with
that tightening clutch which comes in the last moments of possible rescue. She could see Stephen now lying
on the deck still fast asleep, and with the sight of him there came a wave of anguish that found its way in a
long-suppressed sob. The worst bitterness of parting—the thought that urged the sharpest inward cry for help—
was the pain it must give to him. But surmounting everything was the horror at her own possible failure, the
dread lest her conscience should be benumbed again, and not rise to energy till it was too late. Too late! it
was too late already not to have caused misery; too late for everything, perhaps, but to rush away from the
last act of baseness一the tasting of joys that were wrung from crushed hearts.
(6) The sun was rising now, and Maggie started up with the sense that a day of resistance was beginning
for her. Her eyelashes were still wet with tears，as，with her shawl over her head，she sat looking at the
• 248 •Part❿ 76篇阅读模拟集训
slowly rounding sun. Something roused Stephen too, and getting up from his hard bed, he came to sit beside
her. The sharp instinct of anxious love saw something to give him alarm in the very first glance. He had a
hovering dread of some resistance in Maggie’s nature that he would be unable to overcome. He had the
uneasy consciousness that he had robbed her of perfect freedom yesterday; there was too much native honor in
him，for him not to feel that，if her will should recoil, his conduct would have been odious, and she would
have a right to reproach him.
6. The passage seems to suggest that Maggie .
A. was tired of boating with Stephen B. hated staying isolated from others
C. had some good feelings for Philip D. dropped into the water without waking
7. Whafs the role of the second and third paragraphs in the development of the topic?
A. To describe how Maggie was wondering in her dreams.
B. To describe how Maggie did in her everyday life.
C. To offer supporting details to the preceding paragraph.
D. To provide a contrast to the previous and latter paragraphs.
8. From the description in the passage, we learn that _____ .
A. Maggie and Stephen were in the same boat B. Maggie did not have a good rest in her sleep
C. Maggie was selfish and intended to hurt others D. Maggie did not want to harvest great love
9. From the fourth paragraph, we can know that .
A. Maggie did not have as good feeling for Stephen as for Philip
B. Maggie did not really lose her courage to pursue her dreams
C. Maggie's inner world was reflected during her dream
D. Maggie had a dream with many complicated plots
10. The author intends to present the reader with an analysis of Maggie^ .
A. dream B. personality C. regret D. psychology
Passage Three mhhbhhbhb
(l)An outstanding example of social conditioning to accept change，even when it
is recognized as unwelcome change by the large population group in the sights of
Stanford Research Institute, was the “advent” of the BEATLES. The Beatles were
brought to the United States as part of a social experiment which would subject large
population groups to brainwashing of which they were not even aware.
(2) When Tavistock brought the Beatles to the United States nobody could have imagined the cultural
disaster that was to follow in their wake. The Beatles were an inlegral part of *THE A Q U A R I A N
CONSPIRACY", a living organism which sprang from “THE C H A N G I N G IMAGES OF M A N ”，policy report
prepared by SRI Center for the study of Social Policy, Director, Professor Willis Harmon.
(3) The phenomenon of the Beatles was not a spontaneous rebellion by youth against the old social sys
tem. Instead it was a carefully crafted plot to introduce by a conspiratorial body which could not be identified,
a highly destructive and divisive element into a large population group targeted for change against its will.
New words and new phrases—prepared by Tavistock— were introduced to America along with the Beatles.
Words such as “rock” in relation to music sounds，“teenager”，“cool”，“discovered” and “pop music”
were a lexicon of disguised code words signifying the acceptance of drugs and arrived with and accompanied
the Beatles wherever they went，to be “discovered” by “teenagers.” Incidentally，the word “teenagers" was
never used until just before the Beatles arrived on the scene, courtesy of the Tavistock Institute for Human
Relations.
(4)As in the case of gang wars, nothing could or would have been accomplished without the cooperation
• 249 .专八阅读
of the media, especially the electronic media and, in particular, the scurrilous Ed Sullivan who had been
coached by the conspirators as to the role he was to play. Nobody would have paid much attention to the
motley crew from Liverpool and the 12-atonal system of “music” that was to follow had it not been for an
overabundance of press exposure. The 12-atonal system consisted of heavy，repetitive sounds, taken from the
music of the cult of Dionysus and the Baal priesthood by Adorno and given a “modem” flavor by this special
friend of the Queen of England and hence the Committee of 3(K).
(5) Tavistock and its Stanford Research Center created trigger words which then came into gener
al usage around “rock music*' and its fans. Trigger words created a distinct new break-away largely young
population group which was persuaded by social engineering and conditioning to believe that the Beatles really
were their favorite group. All trigger words devised in the context of 44rock music*1 were designed for mass
control of the new targeted group, the youth of America.
(6) The Beatles did a perfect job, or perhaps it would be more correct to say that Tavistock and Stanford
did a perfect job, the Beatles merely reacting like trainedr obots “with a little help from their friends”一code
words for using drugs and making it 44cool/* The Beatles became a highly visible “new type”一more Tavis
tock jargon一and as such it was not long before the group made new styles (fads in clothing, hairstyles and
language usage) which upset the older generation, as was intended. This was part of ihe “fragmentation-mal-
adaptation” process worked out by Willis Harmon and his team of social scientists and genetic engineering tin-
kerers and put into action.
(7) The role of the print and electronic media in our society is crucial to the success of brainwashing large
population groups. Gang wars ended in Los Angeles in 1966 as the media withdrew its coverage. The same
thing will happen with the current wave of gang wars in Los Angeles. Street gangs will wither on the vine
once media saturation coverage is toned down and then completely withdrawn. As in 1%6, the issue would
become ••burned out.” Street gangs will have served their purpose of creating turbulence and insecurity. Exactly
the same pattern will be followed in the case of “rock" music. Deprived of media attention, it will eventually
take its place in history.
(8) Following the Beatles，who incidentally were put together by the Tavistock Institute, came other
“Made in England” rock groups, who, like the Beatles, had Theo Adorno write their cult lyrics and compose
all the 44music/* I hate to use these beautiful words in the context of “Beatlemania”； it reminds me of how
wrongly the word “lover" is used when referring to the filthy interaction between two homosexuals writhing in
pigswill. To caM “rock" music, is an insult，likewise the language used in “rock lyrics.”
(9) Tavistock and Stanford Research then embarked on the second phase of the work commissioned by the
Committee of 300. This new phase turned up the heat for social change in America. As quickly as the Beatles
had appeared on the American scene, so too did the "beat generation,” trigger words designed to separate and
fragment society. The media now focused its attention on the “beat generation.” Other Tavistock-coined words
came seemingly out of nowhere: “beatniks，” “hippies，” “flower children” became part of the vocabulary of
America. It became popular to “drop out” and wear dirty jeans, go about with long unwashed hair. The “beat
generation” cut itself off from main-stream America. They became just as infamous as the cleaner Beatles
before them.
(l())The newly-created group and its “lifestyle” swept millions of young Americans into the cult. American
youth underwent a radical revolution without' ever being aware of it, while the older generation stood by
helplessly, unable to identify the source of the crisis, and thus reacting in a maladaptive manner against its
manifestation, which were drugs of all types, marijuana，and later Lysergic acid， “LSD,” so conveniently
provided for them by the Swiss pharmaceutical company, SANDOZ, following the discovery by one of its
chemists, Albert Hoffman, how to make synthetic ergotamine, a powerful mind-altering drug. The Committee of
300 financed the project through one of their banks，S. C. Warburg，and the drug was carried to America by
the philosopher, Aldous Huxley.
• 250 •Part 76篇阅读模拟集训
11. The word ' scurrilous" in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to .
A. humiliating B. humanistic C. hierarchical D. hypercritical
12. According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A. The Beatles brought by Tavistock was first called “cultural disaster”.
B. The older generation is for the coming of new expressions and new styles.
C. The role of the print and media can not be neglected in the campaign.
D. The targeted new population group for Beatles was the youth of America.
13. The following are all the contributions to the being of Beatles E X C E P T .
A. teenagers in new styles B. Tavistock and his SRI
C. Willis Harmon and his team D. gang wars in the street
14. What is the writing purpose of the author?
A. Warning. B. Questioning. C. Informing. D. Criticizing.
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
In this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each
question in NO more than 10 words.
Passage One
15. In many people’ view，what’s the main cause of men’s aggressive behavior?
16. Whafs the conclusion of the extensive research on the testosterone/aggression link?
17. According to the last paragraph, what needs to be settled?
Passage Two
18. What was Stephen^ feelings towards Maggie?
19. What does “odious” in the last paragraph mean?
Passage Three
20. What was the appearance of BEATLES regarded as?
21. W h y is the campaign of Beatles carefully designed?
22. What is Albert Hoffmanns discovery?
(^答案与详解>
SECTION A
Passage One
1. 丨D | 【解析】本题考査段落中心思想。原文第丨段重点揭露了法律漠视犯罪女性这一现象并说明追溯其根源的
必要性，显然第1 句是该段的主题句，所以选项D 是正确答案。
2. [C】【解析】根据题干中的Elizabeth Fry Campaign査到第2 段，第 2 段第3 句说明该运动引起了对女性与犯
罪之间的关系的关注，所以选项C 是正确答案。
3. [A】【解析】rehabilitation的意思是“（罪犯的）改过迁善；修复；复职；复兴;恢复名誉”，四个选项中restoration与
它的意思最接近，所以选项A 是正确答案。
4. [C】【解析】根据题干中的used to be expected和 male-dominated査到第2 段第1 句话，这里的homemaker,
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• •专八阅读
career和 nurturer说明传统女性不可能是women of character ,所以选项C 是正确答案..
S. |B|【解析丨文章开头两段讨论法律漠视女性罪犯现象的必要性，后面几段说明女性犯罪的原因，在四个选项
中，只有B 做题目最合适，所以是正确答案。
Passage Two
6. [C|【解析】该题答案基于对全文的理解第2 段 Maggie梦见Philip和第4 段 Maggie认同Philip的想法都暗
示了 Maggie对 Philip有好感，所以选项C 是正确答案文章第1 段第1 句话暗示Maggie累了 J l 不要和
干扰项A 中was tired of“对……感到厌烦”混淆,A 应排除
7. 丨丨) | 【解析】该题答案基于对各段主题的理解第1 段是对Maggie现实生活的描述，第 2 段是反映Maggie不
安心理的梦境，第3 段是Maggie对过去的反思，第4 段是Maggie现在的思考可见，第2 、3 段的主题分别
与第1、4 段主题对应，所以选项D 是正确答案。
8. |A 1【解析】文章第1 段说明Maggie和 Stephen在同一船上，所以选项A 是正确答案。
9. 丨B | 【解析丨文章第4 段是Maggie对现在生活的思考，她愿意以长时间默默忍受去弥补过去的错误，这说明她
并没有因为过去而失去追求梦想的勇气，该段第3 句话中的she saw it face to face n o w 充分体现了这一
点。因此选项B 是正确答案。选项C 和D 不是从第4 段而是第2 段得出的，所以应排除。
10. 丨D ] 【解析】该题答案基于对全文的理解。文章涉及Maggie的梦、性格和悔恨，但是全篇都是以她的心理活动
过程展开的，所以D 是正确答案。
Passage Three
11. 丨A 1 【解析】第4 段首句中此词用来修饰Ed Sullivan,按文意此人是被媒体所导演、操纵的人物，那么用来描
述此人的scurrilous的意思最可能是“不光彩的”( A h
12. |B1【解析】第6 段倒数第2 句表明老一代对年轻一代的新风格不满.包括服装、发型和语言，所以和选项B
的说法刚好相反，因此B 是本题正确答案。
13. 丨D 】【解析】解答此题需理解文中提到的“帮派巷战"是“媒体对人群洗脑所起作用”的一个例子，它与媒体操
纵甲壳虫乐队对年轻人施加影响类似.故D 和甲壳虫乐队是类比关系，而非促成W 素，因此为答案。
14. 丨C | 【解析丨此题考査文章作者的写作目的。这篇文荜丨4 于阴谋论类型文章，意在告知读者如甲壳虫乐队这样
的流行文化其实并不是自发的现象而是经过楮心设计包装的计划，故选C 。
SECTION B
Passage One
15. Testosterone.
【解析】根据题目中的main cause of men’s aggressive behavior可定位到倒数第2 段首句，该句提到，很多人声
称，导致男性攻击•性行为的“罪魁祸首”是“睾丸激素"，题 中 的 main cause对应原文的culprit,aggressive
behavior 对应原文的 aggression,故答案为 Testosterone。
16. There's no connection between testosterone and aggressive behavior.
【解析】根据题目的关键同conclusion以及the testosterone/aggression link定位到倒数第2 段第_3句 该 句 提 到 ，
对睾丸激素和攻击性行为之间联系的广泛研究得出结论，很难表明寒丸激素和攻击性行为之间有任何联
系，简而言之，该结论就是睾丸激素和攻击性行为之间没有联系，故答案可表述为There’s no connection
between testosterone and aggressive behavior。
17. The unequal position of women in society.AVomen's unequal position in society.
【解析】根据题目要求，定位到最后一段该段最后一句提到，由社会压迫以及女性在经济上依赖于男性和国家所
造成的女性社会地位不平等需要解决，这句话很长，实际上说的就是女性社会地位的不平等需要解决，故
答案可用文章原词 The unequal position of women in society 或改写为 Women’s unequal position in
society c
. 252
•Part❿ 76篇阅读模拟集训
Passage Two
18. Intense love.
【解析】倒数第2 段第3 句提到，分别M 辛酸的事情是肯定会给Stephen带来的痛苦，再结合最后一段的The
sharp instinct of anxious love,可以推断,Stephen 是深爱 Maggie 的，故答案为 Intense love。
19. Extremely unpleasant.
【解析】根据题目定位到M 后一段最后一句，该句最后部分提到，她有权利责备他，可推断Stephen的行为极不让
人喜欢，故答案为Extremely unpleasant。
Passage Three
20. An outstanding example of social conditioning to accept change.
【解析】根据题目中的大写专有名同B E A T L E S 定位到第1 段第1 句。该句中间用逗号隔开的even when...是插入
语，主干部分说的是人们受社会大环境的影响而接受改变的一个典型例子是甲壳虫乐队的出现，可见句
首内容为答案，即 An outstanding example of social conditioning to accept change。
21. To rebel against the old social system.
【解析】第 3 段第1 句告诉我们这不是“自发的反抗”，该段第2 句说它是“一场精心设计的计划”，这和题目中的
carefully designed 相呼应。第 1 句中的 a rebellion against the old social system 指出 了这个运动的目的，
这对应题目问的原因，答案可用动同不定式形式来回答，即To rebel against the old social system。
22. How to make synthetic ergotamine.
【解析】根据题目关键词Albert Hoffman可定位到最后一段倒数第2 句，该句the discovery后的同位语how to
make... ergotamine即为本题答案，该同位语提到Albert Hoffmai)发现了如何制造合成的麦角胺，故答案
% How to make synthetic ergotamine 〇
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• •T e s t ®
SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section there are four passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple
choice question， there are four suggested answers marked A，Bf C and D. Choose the one that you think is
the best answer.
Passage One
(l)Sometimes the biggest changes in society are the hardest to spot pre
cisely because they are hiding in plain sight. It could well be that way with
wireless communications. Something that people think of as just another tech
nology is beginning to show signs of changing lives，culture, politics, cities，
jobs，even marriages dramatically. In particular, it will usher in a new version
of a very old idea: nomadism.
(2) Futurology is a dangerous business, and it is true that most of the important arguments about mobile
communications at the moment are to do with technology or regulation—bandwidth, spectrum use and so on.
Yet it is worth jumping ahead, and wondering what the social effects will be, for two reasons. First, the broad
technological future is pretty clear: there will be ever faster cellular networks, far more numerous Wi-Fi
hotspots" and many more gadgets to connect to these networks. Second, the social changes are already visi
ble: parents on beaches waving at their children while typing furtively on their BlackBerrys; entrepreneurs dis
covering they don’t need offices after all (if you need to recharge something, you just go to Starbucks);
teenagers text-dumping their boyfriends. Everybody is doing more on the move.
(3) Ancient nomads went from place to place— and they had to take a lot of stuff with them (including
their livelihoods and families). The emerging class of digital nomads also wanders, but they take virtually
nothing with them; wherever they go, they can easily reach people and information. And the barriers to entry
are falling. You don’t have to be rich to be a nomad (wander round any American college campus if you
doubt that). It is getting harder to find good excuses for being offline: this week the European Union allowed
airlines to offer in-flight mobile-phone service, and several carriers have Wi-Fi. The gadgets, too, are getting
ever smaller and more portable.
(4) A century ago some people saw the car merely as a faster horse, yet it led to entirely new cities, with
suburbs and sprawl, to new retail cultures (megastores，drive-throughs), new dependencies (oil) and new health
threats (sloth, obesity). By the same token, wireless technology is surely not just an easier-to-use phone. The car
divided cities into work and home areas; wireless technology may mix them up again, with more people working
in suburbs or living in city centers. Traffic patterns are beginning to change again: the rush hours at 9 a.m. and 5
p.m. are giving way to more varied "daisy-chain" patterns, with people going backwards and forwards between the
office, home and all sorts of other places throughout the day. Already, architects are redesigning offices and uni
versities: more flexible spaces for meeting people, fewer private enclosures for sedentary work.
(5) Will it be a better life? In some ways, yes. Digital nomadism will liberate ever more knowledge work
ers from the cubicle prisons of Dilberl cartoons. But the old tyranny of place could become a new tyranny of
time, as nomads who are "always onM all too often end up—mentally一anywhere but here (wherever here may be).
As for friends and family, permanent mobile connectivity could have the same effect as nomadism: it might
bring you much closer to family and friends, but it may make it harder to bring in outsiders. It might isolate
254
• •Part © 76篇阅读模拟集训
cliques. Sociologists fret about constant e-mailers and texters losing the everyday connections to casual acquain
tances or strangers who may be sitting next to them in the cafg or on the bus.
(6)As for politics, the tools of nomadism—such as mobile phones that double as cameras一can improve the
world. For instance, they turn practically everybody into a potential human-rights activist, ready to take pictures
or video of police brutality. But the same tools have a dark side, turning everybody into a fully equipped
paparazzo. Some fitness clubs have started banning mobile phones near the treadmills and showers lest patrons
find themselves pictured, flabby and sweaty, on some website that future Google searches will happily turn up.
As in the desert, so in the city: nomadism promises the heaven of new freedom, but it also threatens the hell
of constant surveillance by the tribe.
1. Wireless communications are believed to be all of the following EXCEPT _____ •
A. one of the biggest changes in society B. just another technology
C. developing even faster in the future D. bringing about great social effects
2. Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage?
A. Digital nomadism free knowledgeable workers from the tyranny of place.
B. It is feared that digital nomadism may weaken people's social connections.
C. The tool of digital nomadism has absolutely improved the political world.
D. Digital nomadism has already brought worries about privacy intrusion.
3. The author^ attitude towards digital nomadism is .
A. positive B. neutral C. negative D. impossible to tell
Passage Two
(1) Anxious about meeting a key hiring manager? Your job-search jitters may soon
主 题：面试技巧
intensify when you confront the ultimate stress test: a panel of interviewers.
数:733
字 (2) Group grilling has long been popular among academics, government agencies
建议用时：丨0 分钟
and nonprofit organizations— sectors that prefer decisions by a consensus of con
stituencies. As the job market becomes more competitive for people at every level,
this practice is spreading to law firms, management consultancies and high-tech businesses. Employers, who
now have the luxury of being picky with candidates, see selection committees as an efficient way to measure
applicants’ mettle under fire.
(3) Some prospects get no warning before they face several screeners simultaneously. “The first time you
have one of these interviews, it will throw you off a little bit/* cautions Scott Erker, a senior vice president
for Development Dimensions International, a leadership consulting firm in Pittsburgh.
(4) Until five years ago, DDI itself rarely used panel interviews for senior promotions—but does so about
half the time today, Dr. Erker says. He thinks the approach identifies people who work well in a group set
ting, a critical skill at a business that “demands team collaboration”.
(5) He won a promotion in 2004 after passing muster with a panel. “You have multiple sets of eyes and
questions coming from different perspectives,M he remembers.
(6) With advance notice and extra preparation, you can impress these extra interviewers. It's a good idea to
get the names, titles and pecking order of panel members. Do this by asking current and former staffers, and
checking the Internet. From your sources, try to get a sense of your session’s likely length, number of ques
tions and key issues. You can then assemble a “cheat sheet” of interviewers, draft replies for their possible
questions and look relaxed during the meeting.
(7) A man vying for a vice presidency at a financial-services concern last year did a thorough Internet search about
its four-member screening committee. He learned one member wrote a newspaper column about martial arts.
(8) He broke the ice at his interview by declaring that he was going to “break a stack of boards over his
head in the executive’s honor,” recalls Sanjay Sathe，a friend and head of RiseSmart, an online job-search ser-
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• •专八阅读
vice for senior professionals and managers. “It showed the committee that this candidate had done his homework."
(9)The man was named one of two finalists for the job, though he ultimately didn't get it.
(l())An executive recruiter might have offered him additional insights—as Gwen L. Feder recently did. The
partner-placement director for PeterSan Group, a New York legal search firm, counseled a prospect before his
joint interview with three law-firm partners she knows well. She described each partner's interaction with col
leagues and their expectations of lieutenants. The candidate “made a great impression” and remains in the run
ning, she recalls.
(11) To defuse the stiff formalily that tends to come with panel interviews, Mshow how friendly and impor
tant you are,” recommends Ruth Haag, a management consultant and C E O of Haag Environmental, a haz
ardous-waste cleanup business in Sandusky, Ohio. “Shake everybody’s hand. Look everybody in the eye.
And sell yourself really hard.**
(12) You should intersperse colorful anecdotes about your experience with perceptive queries about the va
cancy. The tactic 14 puts you on conversational terms with your interviewers, and also gives you a much-needed
breather between the questions thrown your way," Mr. Sathe suggests.
(13) Sit where you can maintain eye contact throughout the room without staring toward a bright window.
Otherwise, Myou will be squinting and will look angry/* notes Marilyn Machlowitz, a New York recruiter.
(14) You also should closely monitor the group dynamics. How screeners introduce themselves, their initial
banter and the seating arrangement speak volumes about who wields the most clout.
(15) Body language offers further clues. M.B.A. student Kara Dyer landed a 2(K)6 summer internship in the
Chicago office of management consultancy ZS Associates after a panel interview. Three senior officials grilled
her about a hypothetical thorny problem for a corporate client.
(16) One manager never smiled, said little and sat 44with his arms crossed/* she remembers. 41I took extra
care answering his questions and looked at him a little more*' than the rest.
(17) Ms. Dyer was ready for that screener's tough queries. She had practiced case-study presentations before s t
groups of fellow students at MIT’s Sloan School of Management. She says the rehearsals made her less ner
vous during the interview. She joined the Evanston, HI., firm full time last year.
4. The word “concern” in the 7th paragraph means_____•
A. company B. worry C. interest D. regard
5. Paragraphs 11 and 12 imply that .
A. panel interviews are usually informal
B. proper relaxation helps in panel interviews
C. anecdotes are the key to a successful panel interview
D. relaxation is the key to a successful panel interview
6. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as important for a successful panel interview?
A. Sufficient prior preparation. B. Friendliness and politeness.
C. Attention to body language. D. Eye contact with one interviewer.
Passage Three
....... (1) Scientists say Chandra provides first evidence that two mysteries can coexist in
主 题：科学探索
one galaxy.
字
数:701
(2) In a very bright galaxy 400 million light-years away, two black holes are
建议用时：丨0 分钟
drifting toward each other and in millions of years will merge with an eruption of
- - — -------J
energy and a burst of gravitational waves that could warp the very fabric of space,
astronomers said Tuesday.
(3)The Scientists said the Chandra X-ray Observatory has found the first evidence that two immense black
holes can coexist in the same galaxy and that they are moving toward each other for an eventual merger.
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• •Part © 76篇阅读摸拟集训
(4) The double black holes were found in a bright, highly active galaxy known as NGC6240, about 400
million light-years from the Earth.
(5) Astronomers studied NGC6240 because it produced unexplained bursts of X-rays that appeared to come
from one of two nuclei at the galactic center. Images collected by radio, infrared and optical observations
showed two bright spots, but did not pinpoint the origin of the X-rays.
(6) When Chandra, with its sensitive X-ray detectors, focused on the nuclei, astronomers hoped it would tell
them whether either of the two points of activity were black holes.
(7) “Much to our surprise，we found that both were active black holes,” Stefanie Komossa of the Max
Planck Institute in Germany, said in a statement.
(8) t4Finding two black holes in one galaxy，” said Komossa， "supports the idea that black holes can grow
to enormous masses in the centers of galaxies by merging with other black holes/*
(9) An artist’s conception shows two black holes whirling around each other at the center of a galaxy.
(10) Guenther Hasinger，also of Max Planck，said the Chandra images captured the unmistakable markings
of two black holes—high-energy photons swirling around the dense black hole centers and X-rays spewing out
from iron atoms being pulled into the center at a high rate of speed.
(11) Komossa and Hasinger are co-authors of a study submitted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Letters.
(12) The two black holes in NGC6240 are now about 3,0()0 light-years apart and are expected to merge
some time in the next few hundred million years，the researchers said. The merger will be accompanied by an
eruption of radiation and a burst of gravitational waves that will spread throughout the universe，causing ripples
in the fabric of space, the astronomers said.
(13) The gravitational ripples could cause minute changes in the distance between any two points in the
universe, they said.
(]4)In another study, French and Argentine astronomers said that observations by the Hubble Space Tele
scope and ground-based telescopes have detected a stellar black hole streaking across the Milky Way at about
250,000 miles an hour. A companion star is being dragged along and slowly devoured by the black hole，ac
cording to scientists at the French Atomic Energy Commission and the Institute for Astronomy and Space
Physics in Argentina.
(15) The astronomers said the stellar black hole may have been created by an exploding star in the inner
disk of the Milky Way. The black hole is 6,000 to 9,000 light years away, the researchers said. A report on
the observations appears Tuesday in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics.
(16) A black hole is a point in space that is so dense with matter that its gravitational field will not let
anything— not even light—escape. Stellar black holes, equal to 3.5 to about 15 solar masses, can be formed by
the collapse of a single massive star. But galactic black holes，such as those in NGC6240，are much larger,
equal perhaps to millions of solar masses, and are usually at the center of galaxies. The Milky Way, home
galaxy of the sun and its planets，is thought to have a black hole at its center. With its immense gravitational
pull, a black hole can suck in gas, dust and other matter from the surrounding space. Entire stars can be
stripped and pulled into the bottomless maw. As it spirals in at near light speeds, matter captured by a black
hole heats by millions of degrees and gives out intense radiation in several parts of the spectrum，including X-
rays. The orbiting Chandra observatory is able to detect these X-rays and relay the data to Earth for study by
astronomers.
7. According to the passage, NGC6240 .
A. is a black hole 4(K) million light-years from the Earth
B. has two black holes coexisting and moving towards each other
C. consists of two black holes that are already merging with each other
D. is the home galaxy of the solar system witli the sun and its planets
8. The discovery of the double black holes has _____ .
A. been previously anticipated B. been theoretically unexplainable
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• •专八阅读
C. supported some hypothesis D. uncovered an unknown galaxy
9. According to the study done by Komossa and Hasinger, .
A. the distance between the earth and the sun could be changed after the merger
B. a radiation eruption and a gravitational waves burst will happen after the merger
C. the universe will be completely changed by the merger of the two black holes
D. no gravitational ripples will be produced until a few hundred million years later
10. Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage?
A. Nothing can escape the gravitational field of a black hole.
B. X-rays from black holes can be detected and studied.
C. Intense radiation is found to be coming out of black holes.
D. Black holes are usually found at the center of galaxies.
Passage Four
(l)Darkening economic clouds，oil at $114 a barrel, cut-throat competition and
主 题：经济风云 disappearing credit lines are confronting airlines with their biggest crisis since the
字 数:732 dark days after September 11th 2001. It is a measure of the panic sweeping the in
建议用时：10分钟 dustry that Delta and Northwest said they would push ahead with their $3.6 billion
merger to create the world's biggest airline by traffic. Previously both firms had said
that gaining agreement with their 11,000 unionized pilots over pay and conditions was an essential pre-condi
tion to the deal. Yet even though Northwest's pilots remain bitterly opposed, due mainly to unresolved seniority
issues, the two airlines have decided to take the risk of a potentially long-drawn-out and fractious integration of
their operations because they calculate that a merger is their best chance of survival as the industry’s woes
deepen.
(2) In the past few weeks, four smaller airlines in America—Aloha, Skybus, AT A and Frontier— have filed
for bankruptcy. Maxjet，an all business-class transatlantic airline，went bust in December; its rival Silveijet is
desperately looking for a buyer. Oasis Hong Kong, a pioneer of low-cost long-haul services, abruptly collapsed
on April 9th. Alitalia may experience a similar fate unless a takeover by Air France-KLM, sabotaged by unions
and Italy's newly elected Prime Minister, Silvio Berlusconi, can be revived. Nothing links these airlines, which
span every conceivable business model in aviation，other than their inability to cope with the brutal economics
of the business, especially the near-doubling of fuel prices in the past 18 months.
(3) Delta and Northwest are not yet in such a hole，but having only recently emerged from Chapter 11
bankruptcy protection themselves, they know that time is not on their side. After a strong recovery by Ameri
ca's airlines in the past few years，profitability has fallen fast this year. And balance sheets are still weak，
even at the big network carriers. IATA, the international organization that represents the industry, observed last
September that American carriers were “vulnerable to shocks”一and that was when oil was at $67 a barrel and
the credit crunch had yet to bite. Adding to that vulnerability is the realization by America's airlines that there
is little, if any, fat left to trim if they stay as they are. The industry has reduced its workforce by 39%, cut
wages by 30% and defaulted on pensions to the tune of $20 billion.
(4) To make matters still worse, as carriers elsewhere in the world ordered around 7,000 new，fuel-efficient
aircraft in recent years, those fragile balance sheets meant that American airlines sat on their hands. Delta has
117 McDonnell Douglas MD-88s with an average age of 18 years; Northwest soldiers on with more than 9i)
DC-9s with an average age nudging 40 years. These planes are up to 40% thirstier than their more modem
counterparts, a crippling burden given the price of fuel. They are also more difficult to maintain—as last
week’s grounding of American Airlines* similarly elderly MD-80s highlighted.
(5) Delta and Northwest have little scope to cut front-line staff or replace their ageing fleets any time soon—
production lines at Boeing and Airbus are fully booked But they think they can secure cost reductions of about $1
billion a year by centralizing their back-office operations and cutting management jobs. They also hope to boost
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• •Part © 76篇阅读模拟集训
revenue by combining route networks and strengthening their appeal to lucrative corporate customers.
(6) Other American network carriers are watching closely. A similar tie-up between United and Continental，
the second- and fourth-biggest, is under discussion，and American，the largest carrier, waits menacingly on the
sidelines. Northwest's attempt to merge with Continental was blocked in 1998, but regulatory approval is more
likely this time, given the lack of route overlap between Delta and Northwest. The prospect of a union-friendly
Democrat in the White House next year is a further spur to getting deals done quickly.
(7) The assumption in the industry is that consolidation will result in stronger airlines. That is probably true,
but difficulties remain. As long as the barriers to new entrants remain absurdly low，intense—even suicidal —
competition will persist at home. On international routes, “open skies” liberalization is an opportunity，but the
superior financial clout and modem planes of the big European network carriers, such as Air France-KLM and
Lufthansa, are a threat. For hard-pressed airline managers with the urge to merge, relief is more likely to be
fleeting than permanent.
11. The merger of Delta and Northwest ________•
A. has gained agreement with their 11 ,(W)() unionized pilots over pay and conditions
B. is made possible mainly due to the unresolved seniority issues of the two airlines
C. is viewed as a best chance for the two airlines to survive under current conditions
D. has gained support from the pilots because it will create the world’s biggest airline
12. Which of the following is N O T true about America^ airlines, according to the passage?
A. The industry is witnessing weakening economic environment and fierce competition.
B. Smaller airlines have underperformed and several of them have gone bankrupt.
C. The rising of fuel prices is a major problem that smaller airlines find hard to cope with.
D. Falling profitability has been an issue troubling the industry for several years.
13. Which of the following sentences does N O T contain a metonymy?
A. Darkening economic clouds, oil at $1】4 a barrel，cut-throat competition...
B. Delta and Northwest are not yet in such a hole, but having only recently...
C. ... that there is little, if any, fat left to trim if they stay as they are.
D. ... more modem counterparts, a crippling burden given the price of fuel.
14. As the author sees it, the future of the airline industry is ________.
A. of bright prospects and opportunities B. filled with opportunities as well as threats
C. full of unexpected difficulties D. so complicated that it is not predictable
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
In this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each
question in NO more than 10 words.
Passage One
15. What might isolate cliques according to the passage?
16. What is the relationship between the fourth and fifth?
Passage Two
17. Why have government agencies adopted panel interviews?
18. What kind of talents will stand out in panel interviews?
19. What is this passage mainly about?
Passage Three
20. What proves two black holes can coexist in one galaxy?
• 259 •专八阅读
21. What did (he French and Argentine astronomers study?
Passage Four
22. Why don't Delta and Northwest replace their ageing aircrafts?
答案与详解
SECTION A
Passage One
1. ib 丨【解析i 第 l 段提到，人们认为无线通信不过是另一种技术，但它已经a 示出种种征兆深刻改变人类生活,
可见 与该表述不符。
b
2. 丨C ] 【解析】末段首句提到，至于政治方面，“游牧"生活丁.具可能推动世界的前进，而C 用了过于绝对化的副同
absolutely来修饰，不符合文意，故为答案。
3. |Bj【解析】文孩一开始对数字游牧生活进行了介绍，其后提到这种生活的优点及其可能带来的负面效应，由此
可知，作者对数字游牧生活只是客观地评价于中立态度。故选B 。
Passage Two
4. [ A1【解析】第 7 段提到，有位男士竞聘一家金融服务公司的副总栽职位，根据前面的presidency at可知此处
concern用作名间，ifi丨根据其定语financial-services可知，此处concern应当理解为“公司、企业”。故选A
5. |B|【解析】第 11段提到，可以用友善打破小组面试的正式和拘瀨；第丨2 段乂提到，讲述一些轶饵可让跟面试
官的交流活跃而顺畅综上所述，这两段暗示了在小组面试中的适当放松对面试有帮助，故选B
6. 丨丨 >丨【解析】第 13段提到，要坐在跟房间1 每个人都能保持目光接触的位置上，可知D 与文意不符，故为答案
Passage Three
7. 丨B | 【解析】第丨- 4 段讲述了在一个距地球4 亿光年的明亮星系内，两个黑洞正在互相钳近，该星系被命名为
NGC6240,只有B 符合原文表述：
8. [C】【解析】第 8 段提到，发现了这两个黑洞共存于一个星系，证明了星系核心的黑洞可以通过相互兼并融合
而发展为宏大的物质这种观点，即证明了这种假想.故选C 。
9• 丨A ] 【解析】第 11-13段关于Komossa和Hasinger的研究中提到，两个黑洞的融合会产生大M 的辐射和引力
波，造成太空的涟漪，从而使宇宙中任何两点间的距离发生细微的变化，由此可以推出，地球和太阳之间的
距离在融合后也会发生变化，故A 符合这一表述：
10. | D | 【解析】最后一段提到.galactic black holes通常处于星系的中心，而D 偷换概念，用 black holes代替了
galactic black ho丨es,故D 为答案 A 与末段首句相符；B 、C 与末段W 后两句相符.均应排除
Passage Four
11. 丨C 】【解析】第丨段讲述了在冉前越发低迷的经济条件下，两家公司进行了合并，而他们将这次合并ft作足在
不断恶化的产业环境中生存下去的最好方法，故C 正确，
12. 丨1)丨 【解析】第3 段第2 句提到航空业今年的利润下降，但并没有提到前几年都在下降，故选D 。
13. 丨D ] 【解析】metonymy意为•‘换喻”S戈“借代”，是指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种
窜物名称代替另一种D 没有使用换喻，选 D 。A 用clouds指代“形势、境况”;B 用hole指代“困难境况”;
C 用 fat指代“利益”,均使用了换喻的修辞手法。
14. |B]【解析】最后一段提到，合并会产生更大的航空公司，但困难仍然存在，后面以具体事例说明航空业的发
. 260
.Part® 76篇阅读模拟集训
展，既存机遇也存挑战，故 B 为荇案
SECTION B
Passage One
15. Permanent mobile connectivity and nomadism.
【解析】根据题fl中的might isolate cliques定位到第5 段该段倒数第2 句含对题四定位关键间，关键是要理解It
的所指。倒数第3 句说永久的移动联系可能会有与游牧生活相同的效应：它也许会进一步拉进你与朋友、
家庭间的距离，但它也使得外人的介入愈加阐难倒数第2 句的丨t与该句的it同指，可见It指的是per
manent mobile connectivity (永久 的移 动联系 ）， 该句 说它 有与 游牧生 活相丨nj 的 效应， nj■见 nomadism (游牧
生活）也可能会孤立各个朋友圈子，故答案为Permanent mobile connectivity and nomadism
16. Each presents one side of the picture.
【解析】第 4 段讲述了无线通信技术给人们生活带来的li大的正面改变，而第5 段i并述的是无线通信技术可能给
人们生活带来的负而效应，综上所述，两段分別讲述r 同一个问题的两个方面，故答案可表述为Each pre
sents one side of the picture
Passage Two
17. Because they prefer decisions by a consensus of constituencies.
【解析】根据题目中的government agencies定位到第2 段酋句该句说小组面试这种方式早已被学术机构、政府
中•位和非背利组织所采用，题I丨中的government agencies屈于这些机构之一，且 panel interview对应原文
的Group grilling，接着破折号后的内容进•步解释这些机构决定面泣结果的偏好：它们倾向于在所苻面
试官达成共识的基础上做决定。这实际是他们采用小组酣试的原因，可见答案为Because they prefer de
cisions by a consensus of constituencies 0
18. People who work well in a group setting.
【解析】第 4 段末句说通过这种方法，那些善于在闭体环境下工作的应聘者会突敁出来，该句中的the approach指
的是上一句的panel interviews,可见在小组面谈中脱颖而出的是善7〜在团体环境下工作的应聘者，故答案
为 People who work well in a group setting
19. How to have effective panel interviews.
【解析】本文开篇时讲到了小组面试越来越多的应用，接下来大篇幅地以亊例与引用语录的形式，说明了如何进行
一个高效的小组面试〇故答案为How to have effective panel interviews
Passage Three
20. Chandra.
【解析】根据题目中的can coexist in one galaxy定位到首段。该段说钱德拉望远镜首次证实两个神秘的事物可共
存于同一星系中。全文通篇都在说黑洞，下文不断出现two black holes,据此可推断该段中的two mys
teries 指 的就是 two black holes ， 而题 尚中的 proves 对应 原文的 provides first evidence ， 由 此可见 答案是
Chandra注意题目问的是What，而不是W h o ，所以不能认为答案是“科学家”。
21. A stellar black hole in the Milky Way.
【解析】根据题H 中的French and Argentine astronomers定位到第14段 该 段 提 到 ，法国和阿根廷的天文学家发
现一个星球黑洞正以2 5 万英里的时速穿越银河系，而他们研究的正是这个星球黑洞，故答案为A stellar
black hole in the Milky Way
Passage Four
22. Because production lines at Boeing and Airbus are fully booked.
【解析】根据题目中的Delta and Northwest和replace their ageing aircrafts定位到第5 段第1 句该句提到，达美
和西北近期没有裁掉一线员工或更换老龄机队的余地，破折号后的内容是原因：波音和空客的生产线上，
订单已经满满当当，故答案为 Because production lines at Boeing and Airbus are fully booked。
261
• •SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each
multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked Af By C and D. Choose the one that you
think is the best answer.
Passage One
(1)1 went back to the Devon School not long ago, and found it looking oddly
主 题：文学选段
newer than when I was a student there fifteen years before. It seemed more tranquil than
字 数：1006
I remembered il, more perpendicular and strait-laced, with narrower windows and shinier
建议用时：丨6 分钟
woodwork, as though a coat of paint had been put over everything for better
preservation. But, of course, fifteen years before there had been a war going on. Perhaps
the school wasn't as well kept up in those days; perhaps paint along with everything else, had gone to war.
(2) 1 didn’t entirely like this glossy new surface, because it made the school look like a museum, and
that's exactly what it was to me, and what I did not want it to be. In the deep, tacit way in which feeling
becomes stronger than thought, I had always felt that the Devon School came into existence the day I entered
it, was vibrantly real while I was a student there, and then blinked out like a candle the day I left.
(3) Now here it was after all, preserved by some considerate hand with paint and wax. Preserved along
with it, like stale air in an unopened room, was the well known fear which had surrounded and filled those
days, so much of it that I hadn’t even known it was there. Because, unfamiliar with the absence of fear and
what that was like, I had not been able to identify its presence.
(4) Looking back now across fifteen years, I could see with great clarity the fear I had lived in, which must
mean that in the interval I had succeeded in a very important undertaking: I must have made my escape from it.
(5) 1 felt fear’s echo, and along with that I felt the unhinged, uncontrollable joy which had been its
accompaniment and opposite face, joy which had broken out sometimes in those days like Northern Lights
across black sky.
(6) There were a couple of places now which I wanted to see. Both were fearful sites, and that was why I
wanted to see them. So after lunch at the Devon Inn I walked back toward the school. It was a raw, nondescript
time of year, toward the end of November, the kind of wet, self-pitying November day when every speck of dirt
stands out clearly. Devon luckily had very little of such weather—the icy clamp of winter, or the radiant New
Hampshire summers, were more characteristic of it— but this day it blew wet, moody gusts all around me.
(7) 1 walked along Gilman Street, the best street in town. The houses were as handsome and as unusual as
I remembered. Clever modernizations of old Colonial manses, extensions in Victorian wood, capacious Greek
Revival temples lined the street, as impressive and just as forbidding as ever. I had rarely seen anyone go into
one of them, or anyone playing on a lawn, or even an open window. Today with their failing ivy and
stripped, moaning trees the houses looked both more elegant and more lifeless than ever.
(8) Like all old, good schools, Devon did not stand isolated behind walls and gates but emerged naturally
from the town which had produced it. So there was no sudden moment of encounter as I approached it; the
houses along Gilman Street began to look more defensive, which meant that I was near the school, and then
more exhausted, which meant that I was in it.
(9) It was early afternoon and the grounds and buildings were deserted, since everyone was at sports. There
• 262 •Part ® 76篇阅读模拟集训
was nothing to distract me as I made my way across a wide yard, called the Far Commons, and up to a
building as red brick and balanced as the other major buildings, but with a large dome and a bell and a clock
and Latin over the doorway_ the First Academy Building.
(l())In through swinging doors I reached a marble foyer, and stopped at the foot of a long white marble
flight of stairs. Although they were old stairs, the worn moons in the middle of each step were not very deep.
The marble must be unusually hard. That seemed very likely, only too likely, although with all my thought
about these stairs this exceptional hardness had not occurred to me. It was surprising that I had overlooked
that, that crucial fact.
(11) There was nothing else to notice; they of course were the same stairs I had walked up and down at
least once every day of my Devon life. They were the same as ever. And I? Well, I naturally felt older— I
began at that point the emotional examination to note how far my convalescence had gone— I was taller,
bigger generally in relation to these stairs. I had more money and success and "security" than in the days
when specters seemed to go up and down them with me.
(12) 1 turned away and went back outside. The Far Common was still empty, and I walked alone down the
wide gravel paths among those most Republican, bankerish of trees, New England elms, toward the far side of
the school.
(13) Devon is sometimes considered the most beautiful school in New England, and even on this
dismal afternoon its power was asserted. It is the beauty of small areas of order一a large yard, a group of
trees, three similar dormitories, a circle of old houses— living together in contentious harmony. You felt that an
argument might begin again any time; in fact it had: out of the Dean's Residence, a pure and authentic
Colonial house, there now sprouted an ell with a big bare picture window. Some day the Dean would probably
live entirely encased in a house of glass and be happy as a sandpiper. Everything at Devon slowly changed
and slowly harmonized with what had gone before. So it was logical to hope that since the buildings and the
Deans and the curriculum could achieve this, I could achieve，perhaps unknowingly already had achieved，this
growth and harmony myself.
1. Which of the following best describes the atmosphere of the Devon school when the author went back?
A. Quiet. B. Forbidding. C. Fearful. D. Vibrant.
2. Which of the following statements about the third paragraph is NOT true?
A. The author had experienced extreme fear as a student at the Devon school.
B. Now the author could sense the fear he had experienced at the Devon school.
C. The author was not familiar with what fear was like when he was a student there.
D. The scene of the Devon school reminded the author of his feeling in the past.
3. In Para. 5, "Northern Lights^ is used to imply _____ .
A. the uncontrollability of joy B. the magnificence of joy
C. the existence of joy D. the transitoriness of joy
4. Which of the following statements about Devon’s weather is NOT true?
A. It is usually ice-cold in winter. B. There is a lot of sunshine in summer.
C. It is usually dry in winter. D. It is usually windy in winter.
5. According to the passage, which of the following was NOT located in the Devon School?
A. The Far Commons. B. The First Academy Building.
C. Greek Revival temples. D. A marble foyer.
Passage Two
主 题：美国经济 (l)Pessimism about the United States rarely pays off in the long run. Time and
字 数：984 again» when Americans have felt particularly glum, their economy has been on the brink
建议用时：14分钟 of a revival. Think of Jimmy Carter’s cardigan-clad gloom in the inflation-ridden late
263
• •专八阅读
1970s, or the fear of competition from Japan that marked the “jobless recovery” of the early 1990s. Both
times the United States bounced back, boosted on the first occasion by Paul Volcker’s conquest of inflation and
on the second by a productivity spurt that sent growth rates soaring in the mid-1990s even as Japan stalled.
(2)That record is worth bearing in mind today. Americans are unhappy, and becoming more so, about their
country's prospects and politicians' efforts to improve them. In a new New York Times/CBS News poll, seven
out of ten respondents said America is on the wrong track. Almost 60% of Americans disapprove of the
President's handling of the economy, and three oul of four think Congress is doing a lousy job.
⑶ This unease partly reflects ihe sluggishness of the recovery. Though unemployment has been falling and
share prices are close to a three-year high, house prices are still in the dumps and the price of petrol has
soared to levels not seen since the summer of 2008. But it's not all about oil or indeed the short term. A
careful reading of the polls suggests that Americans' worries stretch well beyond the next couple of years:
about stagnating living standards and a dark future in an economy slow to create jobs, saddled with big
government deficits.
(4) Are these worries justified? On the plus side, it is hard to think of any large country with as many
inherent long-term advantages as America. But it is also plain that the United States does indeed have long
term economic weaknesses—and ones that will take time to fix. The real worry for Americans should be that
their politicians, not least their president, are doing so little to tackle these underlying problems.
(5) The first failing, of which Mr President in particular is guilty, is misstating the problem. He likes to
frame America’s challenges in terms of “competitiveness”. This is mostly nonsense. America’s prosperity
depends not on other countries' productivity growth, hut on its own (actually pretty fast) pace.
(6) Of course, plenty more could be done to spur innovation. The system of corporate taxation is a
mess and deters domestic investment. Mr President is right that America’s infrastructure is creaking. But the
solution there has as much to do with reforming Neanderthal funding systems as it does with the greater public
spending he advocates. Too much of the “competitiveness” talk is a misconception—one that justifies misguided
policies, such as subsidies for green technology, and diverts attention from the country's real to-do list.
(7) High on that list is sorting out America’s public finances. The budget deficit is huge and public debt,
at over 90% of G D P when measured in an internationally comparable manner, is high and rising fast. Apart
from Japan, America is the only big rich economy that does not have a plan for getting its public finances
under control. The good news is that politicians are at last paying attention: deficit reduction is just about all
anybody talks about in Washington, DC, these days. The bad news一and the second reason for gloom about
what the politicians are up to一is that neither party is prepared to make the basic compromises that are
essential to a deal. Republicans refuse to accept that taxes will have to rise. Democrats that spending on
“entitlements” such as health care and pensions must fall. No real progress is likely until after the next
presidential election. And the antagonism of today’s deficit debate may even harm the economy, as Republicans
push for excessive cuts in next year's budget.
(8)Meanwhile, the biggest dangers lie in an area that politicians barely mention: the labour market. The
recent decline in the jobless rate has been misleading, the result of a surprisingly small growth in the
workforce (as discouraged workers drop out) as much as fast job creation. A stubborn 46% of America's
jobless, some 6 million people, have been out of work for more than six months. The weakness of the
recovery is mostly to blame, but there are signs that America may be developing a distinctly European disease:
structural unemployment.
(9)Youth unemployment is especially high, and joblessness among the young leaves lasting scars. Strong
productivity growth has been achieved partly through the elimination of many mid-skilled jobs. And what
makes this all the more worrying is that, below the radar screen, America had employment problems long
before the recession, particularly for lesser-skilled men. These were caused not only by sweeping changes from
technology and globalisation，which affect all countries, but also by America's habit of locking up large
numbers of young black men，which drastically diminishes their future employment prospects. America has a
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smaller fraction of prime-age men in work and in the labour force than any other G7 economy. Some 25% of
men aged 25-54 with no college degree, 35% of high-school dropouts and almost 70% of black high-school
dropouts are not working.
(10)A11 this means that grappling with entrenched joblessness deserves to be far higher on America’s
policy agenda. Unfortunately, the few politicians who acknowledge the problem tend to have misguided
solutions，such as trade barriers or industrial policy to prop up yesterday’s jobs or to spot tomorrow’s. That
won’t work: government has a terrible record at picking winners. Instead, America needs to get its macro
medicine right, in particular by committing itself to medium-term fiscal and monetary stability without excessive
short-term tightening. But it also needs job-market reforms, from streamlining and upgrading training to
increasing employers’ incentives to hire the low-skilled. And stemming the decline in low-skilled men’s work
will also demand more education reform to boost skills， as well as a saner approach to drugs and
imprisonment.
6. The problem occurred in the early 1990s in American economy was solved because _____.
A. inflation had been curbed B. productivity was improving
C. employment was increasing D. taxes had been reduced
7. Which of the following best describes the American^ attitude towards policies adopted by the govern
ment?
A. Discontented. B. Supportive. C. Indifferent. D. Scornful.
8. From the third paragraph, we get the impression that American people are worried that .
A. stock prices will decline sharply with falling employment
B. house prices will increase sharply with economic development
C. oil prices will increase sharply with economic development
D. employment will be falling with slow economic development
9. The statement “On the plus side” （Para. 4) indicates the of American economy.
A. weakness B. strength C. prosperity D. downhill
10. Which of the following statements is NOT implied in the seventh paragraph?
A. Both Democrats and Republicans want to reduce budget deficit.
B. Democrats and Republicans have not agreed on how to reduce deficit.
C. Republicans are not willing to reduce deficit by increasing taxes.
D. Democrats want to reduce deficit by reducing spending on health care.
Passage Three
(l)There are obvious differences, of course. Lady Gaga’s raw-meat dress
主 题：人物评论
would probably not have appealed to Mother Teresa of Calcutta. The pop star's
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数：982
habit of changing from one bizarre costume to another several times a day, and
建议用时：14分钟
maybe 20 times，might have struck the late nun as extravagant. Mother Teresa
^------
wore the same outfit every day: a white sari (印度沙丽）with three blue stripes，
reflecting her vows of poverty, chastity and obedience. Lady Gaga, by contrast, is not big on chastity.
(2)Yet the differences between the two women may matter less than their similarities. Both are venerated.
Mother Teresa built her Missionaries of Charity from nothing into a global operation with fingers in over 100
countries. Lady Gaga is forecast to earn over $100m this year and may soon top super groups like U2. Both
women are also role models for corporate leaders，according to two recent publications，“Mother Teresa，C E O ’’，
a book by two executives，Ruma Bose and Lou Faust，and “Lady Gaga: Bom This Way?，’，a case study by
Jamie Anderson and Jorg Reckhenrich of Antwerp Management School and Martin Kupp of the European
School of Management and Technology.
(3)It is not just that, early in their careers, they traded in long, barely-pronounceable names for catchy
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• •专八阅读
short ones: Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu became Mother Teresa, Stefani Germanotta became Lady Gaga. As the two
publications argue, both women succeeded by developing simple, clear brands, which coincidentally both
identified with outsiders. Mother Teresa tended the poor and the sick: people **shunned by everyone”. Lady
Gaga describes herself as “a freak, a maverick, a lost soul looking for peers”. She assures her fans that it is
O K to be odd. This is a comforting message not only for gays but also for most teenagers.
(4)Hard work helped both women excel. Mother Teresa rose every day at 4:40am for mass. Lady Gaga
"will take Christmas Day off —and spend it with her parents—but otherwise she works non-stop/' Brilliant
communication helped even more. Mother Teresa was a “PR machine” who, whether talking to a dying leper
(麻疯病患者）or a rich donor, “always left her imprint by communicating in a language the other person
understood**. Lady Gaga is “one of the first pop stars to have truly built her career through the Internet and
social media.”
(5)Lady Gaga has what Messrs Anderson, Kupp and Reckhenrich call “leadership projection” and a layman
would call charisma. The authors think this is because she tells “three universal stories". First, a personal story:
who am I? (She stresses that she was the weird kid at school，but driven to be creative.) Second, a group
narrative: who are we? (She calls her fans “my little monsters” and herself “Mama Monster”，and she
communicates with them constantly via Facebook and Twitter.) And third, a collective mission: where are we
going? (She promotes gay rights and celebrates self-expression; she tells her fans that together they can change
the world.)
(6) Lady Gaga has the "ability to build emotional commitmentin those she leads, says Mr Reckhenrich.
This ability is increasingly valuable in today's business world, he believes. In “The Fine Art of Success”，a
book he and his co-authors released last year, they examine it at length. They are now working with Egon
Zehnder, an executive-recruitment firm, to figure out how to identify whether candidates for top corporate jobs
have the ability to “project leadership" the way Lady Gaga does.
(7) One risk of this leadership style is that “telling a personal story opens you up to personal attack,w
admits Mr Reckhenrich. Lady Gaga has been accused of lacking authenticity, and a dull, literal judge would no
doubt find her guilty. Her new album cover depicts her as half-woman and half-motorbike, and claims that she
was "Bom this Wa y ,f. This is obviously not true. However, to accuse an artist of trick is a bit like accusing a g e
banker of being interested in money: it may be true, but it is still banal.
(8) Mother Teresa had her critics, too. Christopher Hitchens, a polemical atheist (无神论者），called her
“Hell’s AngelM. In his book, "The Missionary Position”，he censuring her for spreading an extreme form of
Catholicism and for accepting money from dishonest people such as “Papa Doc" Duvalier，the late dictator of Haiti.
⑼ Management tracts with famous names in the titles are mostly guff. There is only so much a manager
can learn from Genghis Khan—it is no longer practical to impale competitors on spikes. Likewise, skeptics
may doubt that the secrets of Lady Gaga’s success, or Mother Teresa’s，can usefully be applied to, say, a
company that makes ball-bearings. A manager who calls her minions “little monsters" will probably not win
their hearts. A boss who declares that God wants the sales team to meet its targets will be laughed at.
Skeptics might also point out that Lady Gaga is not much of a manager. Her recent world tour attracted many
fans but still lost money，because she kept changing the sets.
(10)Yet charisma matters in business, and celebrities do tell us something about how it can be used. It is
no longer enough for a corporate boss to be clever and good at giving orders. Modem knowledge workers
may not put up with a hard, old-fashioned boss like Jack Welch, who used to run General Electric. Many
respond better to one who communicates warmly: Indra Nooyi of PepsiCo sometimes writes to the parents of
her managers to thank them for bringing up such fine children. Employees crave a sense of purpose, and the
boss who can supply it will get the best out of them. Personal stories help: Steve Jobs and Richard Branson,
whose business empires depend on their charisma, both play up their pasts as educational dropouts. Charisma is
tough to learn, but it is not gaga to seek guidance in the stars.
11. The following statements are differences between Mother Teresa and Lady Gaga EXCEPT .
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A. Mother Teresa wore conservative clothes, while Lady Gaga wears weird ones
B. Lady Gaga changes clothes frequently, while Mother Teresa didn't
C. Mother Teresa pledged to be pure, while Lady Gaga doesn't
D. Lady Gaga has made a large fortune, while Mother Teresa didn’t
12. Which of the following ideas may N O T be supported by Lady Gaga?
A. Freaks at school may be creative.
B. Same-sex marriage should be legalized.
C. People should be encouraged to show their own opinions.
D. Artists should be tricky.
13. According to Anderson, Kupp and Reckhenrich, how does Lady Gaga project leadership?
A. By changing appearances frequently. B. By using a simple, pronounceable name.
C. By communicating on the Internet. D. By calling for her fans striving together.
14. What is the tone of the passage?
A. Persuasive. B. Instructive. C. Objective. D. Humorous.
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
In this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each
question in NO more than 10 words.
Passage One
15. Wh y did the school look like a museum?
16. W h y did the author go back to the Devon school?
17. What does the word “convalescence” in Para. 11 probably mean?
Passage Two
18. What contributed to employment problems in America according to Para. 9?
19. What rhetorical device is employed in the sentence "America needs to get its macro-medicine right, in
particular... short-term tightening** (Para. 10) ?
Passage Three
20. What do the two recent books conclude about the leadership of Mother Teresa and Lady Gaga?
21. How did Mother Teresa communicate with the sick and the rich?
22. What does “charisma” in Para. 10 mean?
案与详解^
SECTION A
Passage One
1. [ A ] 【解析1 第 1 段第2 句指出，此时的校闼比当年还要寂静，原文中的tranqui丨对应A(quiet),所以本题应该
选A B(令人也畏的）是作者在描述Greek Revival temples时用到的字眼.文中未提及德文学校给人这样
的感受；文中M 多次出现fear这个W ，但那是作者当年在学校念书时的感受，而不是此时德文学校的气氛，
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• •专八阅读.
因此C (可怕的）不对;D (允满生气的）诘然与文章的基调不符
2. | C j 【解析】第 3 段第 3 句中 unfamiliar with… and what that was like 中的 that 指代 the absence of fear,而
非fear,即不知道没有恐惧是什么滋味，而C “不消楚恐惧是什么样子”与原文不符，故 为 答 案 第 2 、3 句提
到.当年这里充满恐惧，由:P “我”不淸楚没有恐惧是什么样子，所以当时“我”甚至没有意识到恐惧的存在
可见“我”现在感受到了气年的恐惧，B 说法正确；由 Preserved along with it... was the well known fear
which had surrounded and filled those days 口了 知 A 、D 意思正确
3. |B]【解析】由题干定位到第5 段 Northern Lights的本义是“北极光”，根据常识可知，北极光夜间出现在极地，
非常壮油+ 第5 段把快乐比喻成黑暗夜空中的北极光，可推断出作者意在强调在当年的恐惧和黑暗中快乐
的重要意义以及它带给卞活的明兑色彩.所以本题应该选B
4. ID1 【解析】题干中提到天气，〇丨以定位到第6段 从 该 段 M后两句可以# 出，寒冷的冬天和阳光明媚的S 天是
这里天气的典型特点，而潮湿、多K 的天气在这个季节(丨1 月底）并不多见，所以本题应该选D
5. 丨C ] 【解析】文章第6 段开头讲到“我"准备去学校的一些地方# 苻，第 7 段描写去学校路上经过Gilman Street
时的情读，lW Greek Revival temples坐落在这条街t.,它并不是德文学校里面的逮筑.故选C
Passage Two
6. 丨B ] 【解析】根据题f 中的1990s定位到第1 段该段最后一句中讲到2 0 世纪70 年代末，因保罗•沃尔克制止
了通货膨胀，经济得以增K . 9 0 年代是通过生产力的提高（productivity spurt)使经济增长的，B 与之对应
目，所以本题应该选B ,
7. 丨A 】【解析] 根据题干定位到第2 段该段提到了美闻民众对于闻家前景和政府表现的态度，从 on the wrong
track,disapprove,doing a lousy job(表现很梢糕）可以魟接看出美W 人对政府和总统所采取的经济政策是
不满意的，所以本题应该选A 。
8. 丨〇] 【解析】根据题干定位到第3 段。由该段最后一句可知，民意调査显示了美国人对未来几年美国经济的担
忧，他们担心前景黯淡的经济无法产生更多的就业机会，所以本题应该选D 。
9. 丨B丨【解析】根据题干定位到第4 段 该 段 第2 句说任何一个大国都没有像美国这样的固有的长期优势.该句中
的advantages和第3 句（以 But开头）中的weaknesses从正反两个方面说明On the plus side指的是美国
经济的优势，因此本题应该选B 。
10. 丨D ] 【解析】根据题干定位到文章第7 段f 该段第4 句中的good news暗示两党都希望减少赤字，而后面的
bad news说明了两党在减少赤字的方法上存在分歧，故A 和B 都符合原文。由该段倒数第3 句可知，共
和党不愿意通过增加税收来减少赤字，而民主党不愿意通过降低医疗保健和养老金支出来减少赤字，由
此可以看出两党意见不一致，故C 符合原文，而D 与原文意思相悖，因此本题应该选D
Passage Three
11. 間 【解析】文章第1段阐述了 Mother Teresa和Lady Gaga的不同，包括在服饰上的差异：前者保守、单一
(wore the same outfit every day),后者怪诞（raw-meat dress)、多变（changing... several times a day),据
此排除A 、B ;该段最后一句指出Mother Teresa崇尚贞洁（vows of chastity),而Lady Gag则是not big
on chastity(不热衷于贞洁）,C 中的pure与chastity对应，据此排除C 。第 2 段说到Lady Gaga赚的钱很
多，而文中并未将此与Mother Teresa作比较，故应选D 。
12. 丨D丨【解析丨第5段中提到Lady Gaga强调自己在学校是个古怪的孩子，但却有创造的动力；该段的M后一句
又指出她支持同性恋的权利（gay rights)和主张表现自我（self-expression),由此可以判断A 、B 、C 都是她
可能赞同的观点。D 所提到的tricky,相关内容在第7 段，是外界对她的批评，而不是她自己的观点。
13. ID】【解析】根据题干的人名可以快速定位到第5 段。该段的前两句话说明，这三个作者认为Lady Gaga通过
对三个普遍性话题的诠释起到了投射自身领导力（project leadership)的作用，其中之一就是该段最后一
句话所说的，她号召自己的崇拜者丨n 和她一起改变世界，故应选D„
14. 【C l 【解析】本文引用多方面的报道和书箱内容，对比了 Mother Teresa和Lady Gaga的异同，特别强调了她
ffj的相似之处，其中既打赞扬，也有批评，总体来说叙述比较中立、客观，故应选C 。
• 268 •Part❿ 76篇阅读模拟集训
SECTION B
Passage One
15. Because of its glossy new surface.
【解析】根据题H 中的school look like a museum定位到第2 段第I 句。该句的原因状语从句中的it指的是前面
的this glossy new surface,可见是“光滑的新表面”使得学校看起来像个图书馆，导致作者不喜欢它，故答
案为 Because of its glossy new surface。
16. Because of his fearful experiences there.
【解析】文茕没有明确表述“我”为什么要N 到德文学校，但之中有大t 关于“我”当年的恐惧的描述，其中只有很少
的快乐，由此可以推断“我"当年是W 为恐惧逃离这里（第 4 段），15年后故地甫游也是因为当年那些恐惧
的记忆文章第6 段第2 句也立接说明了这一点，可见答案为Because of his fearful experiences there.
17. Recovery of strength./Growth in strength.
【解析】convalescence的原意是“康复期，恢复期”。回到文中语境：“我”以前作为学生，对于这座楼梯常怀恐惧心
理一— 相比之下，丨'彳己®.得弱小和弱势；时隔多年冋到此处，楼梯依旧，但“我”却长高：T 、长大T ,也不再惧
怕楼梯那里给人的鬼魅之感这里凸显的是相比以前，“我”在身心上都变强大丫，因此convalescence可以
理解为“获得力W ”或者“力馕增强”,本题答案可以表达为Recovery of strength或者Growth in strength。
Passage Two
18. Changes from technology and globalization and massive low-skilled labors.
【解析】第 9 段提到美国的就业问题是由两方面的因素引起的(These were caused not only by..• but also by...):
一是技术革新和全球化的影响一一技术革新和全球化导致从事技术含M 低的工作的人员失业；一是美W
自身的劳动力知识结构不合理一一掌握卨端知识和技能的劳动力占比很小。因此本题答案为Changes
from technology and globalization and massive low-skilled labors 〇
19. Personification.
【解析】第 10段的这句话把经济疲软、失业率髙企的美国当作-•个病人来描述：美国谣要在宏观1：找到正确的药
方，采用拟人手法。W 此本题答案为Personification。
Passage Three
20. Both women are role models for corporate leaders.
【解析】根据题目中的two recent books定位到第2 段。该段第5 句明确指出两本M 近出版的书将特蕾莎修女和
Lady Gaga描述成“企业领导者的措模"（role models for corporate leaders),可见这是两本书对这两个女
性领导能力下的共同结论，故答案为Both women are role models for corporate leaders。
21. In a language the other person understood.
【解析】第 4 段倒数第2 句说特蕾莎修女是“公关机器”，她能够用对方理解的语言跟濒死的麻风病患者或富有的
捐献者交谈，题目中的the sick(病人）对应原文的濒死的麻风病患者，the rich对应原文的富有的捐献者，
可见该句中表示交谈方式的介间短语In a language the other person understood为答案j
22. Personal charm that can attract, influence and inspire other people*
【解析】文草主要分析丫两个名人的感召力和领导能力，并提出企业可以向她们借鉴第1U段开头点出chailsma
对企业运营还是很® 要的，接下来结合几个关于领导人物个人魅力对企业向心力的影响的例子来说明
charisma的重要性根据这个语境，可以推断charisma应该表示“领导人物的人格魅力或领导才能”的意
思，故答案为 Personal charm that can attract, influence and inspire other people。
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• .SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section there are four passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple
choice question, there are four suggested answers marked \ y B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is
the best answer.
Passage One
(l)How living creatures evolve has been pretty well understood for the past 150
主 题 ：科学研究 years. How they came to exist in the first place, though, remains a mystery. Part of
字 数:690
the reason for this mystery is that subsequent evolution has done a good job of eras
逢议用时:8分钟
ing the evidence. But not a complete one. Some features are shared by all organisms, * 4 5 6 7
V
and may thus go back to the beginning of life. And one of the most bizarre of these
features is that a lot of the molecules of which life is made are left-handed.
(2)A left-handed molecule is one that causes polarized light to rotate to the left (i.e., anticlockwise). Most
molecules which behave this way have a right-handed equivalent that is，in its arrangement of atoms, their
mirror image. Ordinary chemical processes cannot tell the difference between the two forms, so they are usual
ly equally abundant. But the enzymes that govern biochemistry are such precise tools that, often, only one-
handedness is acceptable. In the case of amino acids，the subunits of which proteins are made, the acceptable
form is the sinister one. Many people feel that understanding why this is so would illuminate the origin of
life一and two groups of researchers, pursuing separate lines of enquiry, have come up with what may be the
pieces of the jigsaw.
⑶ One further puzzle is that the amino acids found in meteorites (which are assumed to be similar to
those of the primitive Earth) have been modified by a process called methylalion into a form that is biologi
cally useless. Nevertheless, since such methylated amino acids are the starting point, it is where Ronald Bres-
low and his student Mindy Levine, who work at Columbia University, started.
(4) A couple of years ago they revealed the first piece of the jigsaw when they found that an initial im
balance in favor of left-handed methylated amino acids in a solution can be amplified by repeated evaporation.
During evaporation, the left-and right-handed molecules mate up and fall out of solution, leaving a left-handed
excess. A mere two cycles of evaporation can push a starting ratio that is just 1% in favor of the left to one
that is 90% left-handed.
(5) Now, as Dr. Breslow has revealed to a meeting of the American Chemical Society, in New Orleans,
Ms. Levine has discovered a process that favors the production of left-handed biologically active amino acids.
The presence of copper in solutions that contain the chemical precursors of amino acids, together with left
handed methylated amino acids to seed the reaction, gives amino-acid formation a sinister bias. When Ms.
Levine made an amino acid called phenylalanine this way she got 37% more of the left-handed form than the
right-handed. With another, valine, the excess was 23% and with alanine, 20%.
(6) The connection between the two pieces of work is that the left-handed methylated amino acids required
to seed the second could have been provided by the evaporative process of the first一if, of course, a slightly
biased supply of them had previously existed.
(7) This is where Sandra Pizzarello of Arizona State University comes in. She has shown that the methy
lated amino acids found in meteorites do, indeed, have a bias of 1% or more in favor of the left-handed, sug-
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• •Part ® 76篇阅读模拟集训
gesting that methylated amino acids kicking around on the primitive Earth would have shared a similar bias.
(8)The mistake previous researchers made, therefore, was thinking of the methylated amino acids of mete
orites as ingredients of life. Actually, if this work is pointing in the right direction, they were merely seeds.
Taken together, these results argue that life formed in places with a lot of evaporation going on (suggesting
heat) and a significant amount of copper present. This is speculation, of course, but it favors the idea that liv
ing things were created in land-locked ponds, rather than at sea, and probably in a volcanic environment.
(Volcanic heat would drive the chemical reactions, as well as causing lots of evaporation.) It also suggests that
biochemical left-handedness confers no selective advantage. What makes meteoritic amino acids left-handed has
yet to be discovered. But it seems just a matter of chance that the living world is sinister.
1. What can be inferred from the results of the studies by Ronald Breslow and Mindy Levine?
A. Repeated evaporation pushes the right-handed molecules out completely.
B. The simple prevSence of copper in the solutions gives amino-acid formation a sinister bias.
C. The result of the first study has seeded the reaction of the second study.
D. The two pieces of work connect in that they both created left-handed amino acid.
2. Sandra Pizzarello suggests that methylated amino adds found in meteorites .
A. are ingredients of life B. have a bias for left-handedness
C. are the origin of life D. have the same bias as the ones on the primitive Earth
3. From the description in the passage, we learn that •
A. evidence of evolution has been completely erased, leaving the origin of life a mystery
B. most of enzymes that govern biochemistry are left-handed
C. the results point out that the methylated amino acids of meteorites are the seeds of life
D. the results argue that evaporation and copper are important in the formation of life
Passage Two
(1) Too often, investors focus on figures that supposedly offer insight into a com
pany's performance without shedding light on how it actually makes its money.
(2) Graphic-design and printing-services company VistaPrint is a case in point. In
vestors have pushed the shares down over the past month because the company’s
most recent quarterly results raised concerns about slowing revenue growth and nar
rowing gross margins.
⑶ But on that score、investors may be worrying about the wrong issue: VfstaPrint appears to generate a
big portion of its operating profit from fees it receives for “referring” customers to outside parties that “offer”
rewards programs.
(4) That calls into question whether the stock，even after its recent fall, deserves to trade at 20 times ex
pected earnings for the fiscal year ending in June 2(K)9, according to estimates from Thomson Reuters.
(5) VistaPrint’s customers often don’t realize that they are purchasing the referred services. The services are
offered through a screen that pops up at the end of the VistaPrint buying process. That screen purports to of
fer the customer $10 off their most recent purchase. But customers who sign up for this are actually enrolling
in a program that charges them $14.95 a month for what are supposed to be discounts on amusement parks
and movies, among other things.
(6) In a statement, VistaPrint said, “W e don’t 4trick’ our customers into a service that they don’t want.
Customers are smarter than that. W e go to great lengths to ensure that only those customers that want that
particular service or offering pay for that service or offering."
(7) The company declined to say what portion of operating profit comes from referral fees, adding that it
doesn’t give product-by-product breakdowns.
(8) In regulatory filings, VistaPrint acknowledges the risk associated with referral fees. The company said
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• •专八阅读
some of the programs that pay it referral fees “have been the subject of consumer complaints and litigation al
leging that their enrollment and billing practices violate various consumer protection laws or are otherwise de
ceptive.M
(9) A careful read of the fine print in VistaPrint^ financial filings shows that referral fees are an important
driver of profit.
(10) In the fiscal quarter ended March 31, VistaPrint said 6.7% of its $106 million in revenue came from
referral fees. Such disclosures about referral fees came only after prodding last year from the Securities and
Exchange Commission.
(11) But the SEC didn't force VistaPrint to disclose how this revenue affected operating profit. To figure
that out, one has to read lower in the footnote, which says that referral-fee revenues “have minimal corre
sponding direct cost of revenue.”
(12) ln other words, they are pretly much pure profit. But assuming，say，that the company racked up an
80% margin on these revenues, the fees would have accounted for about half of operating profil in the most
recent quarter.
(13) The contribution, though, could be even higher, given VistaPrint's own description of the costs tied to
them as “minimal”. Analysts note that referral revenue is declining as an overall slice of the business. But it still
makes up a big piece of profit.
(14) Until that changes, investors should remember that VistaPrint prints business cards—not money.
4. According to the passage, VistaPrint is a company that .
A. sells graphic and printing products
B. offers rewards programs to customers
C. has undergone dropping share prices over the past month
D. has had narrow gross margins in the most recent quarter
5. The relationship between the ninth and tenth paragraphs is that .
A. each presents one side of company's performance B. the ninth generalizes and the tenth specifies it
C. the tenth is the logical result of the ninth D. both illustrate VistaPrint's driver of profit
6. The author's attitude towards the referral fees that VistaPrint receives is
A. positive B. neutral C. negative D. unknown
7. Which of the following is N O T true, according to the passage?
A. VistaPrint refers its customers to outside parties and receives referral fees for that.
B. Referral revenue makes up half of VistaPrint's revenue and it's still growing.
C. Referral fees have brought about complaints and litigation to VistaPrint.
D. VistaPrint spends virtually no cost to earn the referral-fee revenues.
Passage Three
----■~1 (l)Greece is a land of rugged mountains, shady olive trees, more varieties of
主 题：国家简介 wildflowers than any other European country, and islands scattered like jewels across
字 数：788 a brilliant blue sea. According to ancient mythology, in a war between gods, the Ti
建议用时：11分钟 tans tore the tops from mountains, using them as weapons. The rocky peaks fell into
the sea, thus creating the many islands of Greece. Mythology, history，and folklore
have shaped the way people think in this ancient land; the land itself has shaped their way of life.
(2)Greece is believed to have been first settled around 3000 B.C., when invaders swept down from the
north. They failed to reach the island of Crete, home of the Minoans. A literate, advanced civilization with its
own hieroglyphic style of writing，the Minoans lived in luxurious cities and palaces. They even had flush toi
lets, hot and cold running water, and thermal heating. In 14()0 B.C., a volcanic eruption on the nearby island
of Thera caused earthquakes and tidal waves that destroyed the Minoan civilization. Mainland Greece became
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the major Mediterranean sea power.
(3) Around 1200 B.C.，the Greeks began forming city-states called polis. Each had its own rulers, army, and
individual type of government. Our own democracy is based on the style of government Athens had at that
time.
(4) The Classical Period began in the fifth century B.C. Although Greece led the world in science, culture,
and the arts, the city-states fought violently among themselves. In 338 B.C, Philip of Macedonia conquered the
Greek city-states. His son, Alexander the Great, enlarged the empire, introducing Greek culture to the lands he
conquered.
(5) Over the next 2,(K)0 years, from 145 B.C. onward, Romans, By/antines, and Ottoman Turks ruled
Greece in succession. Although Greece gained its independence from Turkey in 1830, other outsiders invaded
Greece; within the country, there was unrest among the Greeks themselves. Finally, in 1974, Greece rejected its
military government and monarchy and became a democratic republic.
(6) Greece is divided into regions and island groups. The landscape has always shaped its people, the way
they live, where they live, and the type of work they do. No one lives more than 60 miles from the sea Because
of the rugged terrain and dry, rocky soil, agriculture is restricted to one third of the land. Transportation is diffi
cult, and more than nine thousand islands, “flowers of marble” are scattered across three seas—the Mediter
ranean, Ionian, and Aegean. Only 169 of these islands are inhabited.
(7) Farmland is limited, yet half of the Greek population works in agriculture. For a long time, agricultural
produce such as olives, figs, raisins, tobacco, sugar, and wheat were the country’s most valuable assets. The
bare, rocky land is perfect for growing olive trees. Farms, however, are small. Often three generations share
both a home and the farm chores. Today, the government is encouraging farmers to specialize. Exporting the
additional produce would provide added revenue for Greece.
(8) Greece has some of the world's richest ship owners; its merchant fleet is the sixth largest in the world.
In villages along the coast and on the islands, a great many other Greeks earn their living from the sea. Using
open，single-mast wooden fishing boats known as caiques, whole families are involved with the sea. Once,
sponge fishing was a vital industry. Unfortunately, as more people buy man-made, less expensive sponges，the
market for natural sponges is dying out.
(9) Many Greeks work in the tourist industry. Spectacular historic sites abound on the mainland，while the
islands，in particular, draw people from all over the world. In summer, ferries constantly ply the waters among
them. Many of the islands have beautiful beaches, windmills and snow-white streets like pictures. Some, such
as Mikonos, are golden and dry; others, such as Corfu，are green and tree—filled. The sun is hot, the sky a
clear, sparkling blue.
(10) The climate, a combination of Mediterranean (warm wet winters and hot dry summers) and European
(hot, muggy summers and cold snowy winters), affects all three industries—-agriculture, fishing, and tourism.
Athens can be 10() degrees Fahrenheit in the shade in July and August. In summer, meltemi, or strong winds,
cause rough seas, affecting both fishing and ferryboats.
(11) One third of the population lives and works in the bustling, modem, capital city of Athens. However,
in rural Greece, particularly the more remote villages, the traditional way of life has not changed for centuries.
Donkeys are still an important means of transportation, everyone knows everyone else, the older women swathe
themselves from head to toe in black. In the evenings, people gather at tables and chairs in the main square to chat,
sip ouzo (an anise drink), or play backgammon. For centuries, father time has stood still in this beautiful country. 8
8. Which of the following is N O T true about the Classical Period of Greece?
A. Greece had advanced science, culture, and the arts.
B. The empire witnessed violent fights among the city states.
C. It began when the Minoan civilization was destroyed.
D. Greek culture was introduced to other lands.
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• •专八阅读
9. Which of the following sentences contains a metaphor?
A. ... and islands scattered like jewels across a brilliant blue sea.
B. ... the Titans tore the tops from mountains, using them as weapons.
C. ... beautiful beaches, windmills and snow-white streets like pictures.
D. For centuries, father time has stood still in this beautiful country.
10. Which of the following is N O T true, according to the passage?
A. The mainland of Greece have attracted more tourists than the islands.
B. Greece has three major industries, agriculture, fishing and tourism.
C. The main industries of Greece have been influenced by its climate.
D. Greece is a country that embodies modem and traditional lifestyle.
Passage Four
⑴ Education is an important theme in youth athletics in the US. Young kids, en
主 题：教育 ergetic, rambunctious, cooped up in class, yearn for the relative freedom of the foot
字 数：762 ball field, the basketball court, the baseball diamond. They long to kick and throw
建议用时：11分钟 things and tackle each other, and the fields of organized play offer a place in which
to act out these impulses. Kids are basically encouraged, to beat each other up on
the football field. Yet for all the chaos, adult guidance and supervision are never far off, and time spent on
the athletic fields is mcanl to be productive. Conscientious coaches seek to imparl lessons in teamwork, self
sacrifice, competition, gracious winning and losing. Teachers at least want their students worn out so they'll sit
still in reading class.
⑵ By the time children start competing for spots on junior high soccer teams or tennis squads，the kid
gloves have come off to some extent. The athletic fields become less a place to learn about soft values like
teamwork than about hard self-discipline and competition. Competitiveness, after all, is prized highly by Ameri
cans, perhaps more so than by other peoples. For a child, being cut from the hockey team or denied a spot
on the swimming is a grave disappointment—and perhaps an opportunity for emotional or spiritual growth.
(3) High school basketball or football teams are places where the ethos of competition is given still stronger
emphasis. Although high school coaches still consider themselves educators, ihe sports they oversee are not
simple extensions of the classroom. They are important social institutions, for football games bring people to
gether. In much of the US they are events where young people and their elders mingle and see how the com
munity is evolving.
(4) For the best players, the progression from little league to junior high to high school leads to a scholar
ship at a big-name college and maybe, one day, a shot at the pros. College athletes are ostensibly student-
athletes, an ideal that suggests a balance between the intellectual rigors of the university and the physical rigors
of the playing field. The reality is skewed heavily in favor of athletics. One would be hard-pressed to show
that major US college sports are about education. Coaches require far too much of players’ time to be truly
concerned with anything other than performance in sport. Too often, the players they recruit seem to care little
about school themselves.
(5) This was not always the case. Universities— Princeton, Harvard, Rutgers, and Yale—were the birthplaces
of American football and baseball; education—the formation of “character”_ was an important part of what
those coaches and players thought they were achieving. In 1913, when football was almost outlawed in the US,
the game’s most prominent figures traveled to Washington and argued successfully that football was an essen
tial pari of the campus experience and that the nation would be robbed of its boldest young men, its best po
tential leaders，if the game were banned.
(6) The idea that competitive sports build character, a Western tradition dating from ancient Greece, has ev
idently fallen out of fashion in today’s US. Educators，now prone to see the kind of character shaped by foot-
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• •Part❿ 76篇阅读模拟集训
ball and basketball in a dark light，have challenged the notion that college sports produce interesting people.
Yet，prominent athletes, such as boxer Muhammad Ali and basketball star Charles Barkley, deliberately dis
tanced themselves from the earlier ideal of the athlete as a model figure. Today’s US athlete is thus content to
be an entertainer. Trying to do something socially constructive, like being a role model，will make you seem
over earnest and probably hurt your street credibility.
(7) When I was a kid，my heroes played on Saturdays: they were high school players and college athletes.
Pro football games，broadcast on Sunday afternoons, were dull and uninspiring by comparison. After all, why
would God schedule anything important for Sunday? You've got school the next day.
(8) Although I certainly couldn’t have articulated it at the time, I think I must already have sensed that
throwing a ball or catching passes was a fairly pointless thing to be good at. In the grand scheme, it was a
silly preparation for a job. Yet playing sports was not pointless; the point，however，was that you were learn
ing something—a disposition, a certain virtue, a capacity for arduous endeavor— that might be of value when
you later embarked upon a productive career as a doctor or a schoolteacher or a businessman. The optimism of
those Saturday afternoons was contagious. I still feel that way today.
11. Pupils mainly learn on the athletic fields.
A. soft values B. hard values C. value of freedom D. value of equality
12. In high school basketball or football teams,_______
A. hard values are less emphasized B. the sports are separated from classrooms
C. the social function of sports is prominent D. the coaches are less of educators
13. Which of the following is NOT true about college sports?
A. The best players may end up getting a scholarship at a famous college.
B. College athletes have always cared little about school themselves.
C. College sports are more in favor of athletics than education.
D. The formation of “character” used to be the goal of coaches and players.
14. The author’s attitude towards the notion of “athletes as entertainers” is .
A. positive B. neutral C. negative D. impossible to tell
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
In this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each
question in NO more than 10 words.
Passage One
15. What is one of the most fantastic features shared by all organisms?
16. What were the studies done by Runald Breslow and Mindy Levine about?
Passage Two
17. What does the word "score*' in the third paragraph mean?
wmKmmmm Passage Three
18. What was the major Mediterranean sea power in 1420 B.C.?
19. What does the democracy originate from according to the passage?
20. What kind of land is best for the planting of olive trees according to the passage?
• 275 •专八阅读
Passage Four
21. W h y might the disappointment from being eliminated in sports turn out to he good for a child?
22. What is the passage mainly about?
4 案与详
SECTION A
Passage One
I• 丨C 】【解析】第6 段第丨句提到，第二项研究中的原料…… 可 屮 第 -项研究中的… …提供,C 是该句的同义表
述.为I丨•:确选项，A l-i第 4 段末句不符；第 5 段第2 句提到溶液中除了铜以外，还包含左旋屮基化铽雄酸，
故 B 不符；而D 与第6 段酋句明!iA不符
2. [B】【解析】第 7段提到，限星中发现的甲基化氨基酸存在1%或以上的左旋分子的偏倚，可直接得出答案为B
A 的信息点出现在第8 段，是此前研究者的错误观点;C 不能从文章表述得出；D 与第7 段M 后一句的表述
不符，原文是说“可能也亨冇相似的编倚"，而D 却表示“有一样的偏倚'
3. 丨D] 【解析】M后一段提到，生命形成于存在大fit蒸发现象和存在大桢铜元素的地方，D 的表述与原文意思相
同，为it确选项，第丨段提及进化的证据并未被完全抹掉,A 的表述与此不符;B 与第2 段中在生物化学界
占支配地位的酶只接受左旋或右旋其中之一种的表述不符；M 后一段提到.如果这项工作指向正确方向，
左旋甲基化鉍毬酸n丨能是生命的开端，而C 的表达过于肯定，
Passage Two
4 . 丨C l 【解析】第2 段提到，投资者在过去一个月中都在打压该股，即VistaPrim的股价在下跌，C 符合这一表述。
第 2 段提到VislaPrint是制阁设计及印刷服务公切，而不是提供产品的公司，故 A 错；根据第3 段内容，B
提到的 rewards programs 应该是 outside parties 提供给 Vis丨aPrint 的，故 B 不符；D 中的 narrow gross mar
gin J H 形祥间形式表示毛利低，而第2 段末句中的narrowing gross margins则是坩分词形式表示毛利在下
降.两者意思并不相同，排除D ;
5. |B|【解析】第9 段提到.referral fees是公司利润的iT要驱动力，ifi丨第丨()段列举具体的数据证明这一点，W 此，
第9 段为总述.而第10段为例证，应选B 此题荇易误选D 。注总.此处问的是两个段落之间的关系，D 只给
出T 两个段落讲述的内容而没朽提到两段间的关系。
6• 丨C 丨【解析丨文章一开始就提到，数字并不能告诉人们企业到底是怎么把钱挣到手的，然后以VistaPrint为例.
说明这个问题；其后作者在对referral fees的描述中，引用了带有负面意义的词；锻后一段更是讲到，在 re
ferral fees 的怡况有所改变之前，投资荇都吨丨壤 tfM、J■待 VistaPrin 丨的业绩 rtl此可知，作荇对referral fees的
态度是负面的，故选C 。
7 .間 【解析】第 1(>段提到.referral fees占VistaPrint收人的6.7%,B的表述与此不符，故选B A 与第3 段相符；
C 与第8 段提到的referral fees ih公司接到投诉甚至吃官司相符；D 与第12段提到的这项收入差不多是
纯利润收人相符„
Passage Three
8. [ C l 【解析】第 2 段提到，弥诺斯人的文明古国于公元前1400年被摧毁，而第4 段提到，希腊的古典时期开始
于公元前5 世纪，C 不符合文意，故应选C 。A 、B 在第4 段均有提及；D 在第4 段末句提及，亚历山大大帝
将希腊文明传到被他征服的国家的时期仍诚于希腊的古典时期，故均不选:，
9 . 丨【) | 【解析】暗喻不带比喻词，D 将时间比作father,故 为 答 案 A 、C 诚于明喻(simile),句中出现比喻间like,除
此之外比喻词还有as, as if等；B 没有使用修辞手法。
l〇. IA】【解析丨第9 段提到，希腊的大陆有许多历史名胜，而岛屿更是吸引若世界各地的人前来观光，但不能说
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• •Part 〇 76篇阅读模拟集训
前来观光大陆的游客比前来观光岛屿的游客多.故选A B 符合第丨(》段的表述；第丨U 段提到，-:大行业都
受到气候影响，C 符合此意;第 II段提及雅典的现代化与村庄的传统, D 符合文意<
Passage Four
11. 【解析】第丨段提到,尽责的教练会让孩子们在团队梢神、自我牺牲、竞争、平和地对待胜与败诸方面受到
教育;第2 段提到，孩子们上初中以后,学生在体育场上学习到的软性价值（如团队精神）比学到的硬性价
值要少，故选B
12. [ C ] 【解析】笫 3 段提到，体疗S ® 要的社会大课帒，(本育赛•丨f足人们电’抵的融合场所，这一社会功能在岛中
的篮球和撖榄球队得到体现, C 符 合 此 A 不符合第3 段第丨句的表述；B 、D 与第3 段第2 句的表述
不符。
13. 间 【解析】第4 段提到.运动员往汗.对学校关心得很少.何第5 段乂提到以前并非总是如此，B _ 这一表述不
符,故 正 确 A 与第4 段宵句相符;第4 段提到，大学运动向体W 倾斜,C符合此意:口1；；第5 段第2 句相符
[ C ] 【解析】第6 段提到，竞技体育塑造品格这一观点在美闻不再时尚，接狞用Yet表转折，指出杰出的运动员
却tf于当一名表演艺人.由此符出作荇对运动员当表演艺人持批判的态度，故选C
SECTION B
Passage One
15. Many of the molecules forming life are left-handed.
【解析】第 1 段末句提到这类特征中M 奇异的一个就是许多构成生命的分子是左旋的该句中的丨hese features指
的是上.一句的features shared by all organisms,题H 中的fantastic是对原文bizarre的同义改写，故答案
在该句的表语从句中，限于字数要求，可同义改写为Many of the molecules forming life are left-handed
16. W h y aniino acids accept only left-handedness.
【解析】第3 段末句提到题目中的两个人Ronald Breslow and Mindy Levine,而他们属于第2 段提到的两组研究
者，该段说很多人觉得理解f 氨接酸为什么只接受左旋的原W 就能阐明生命的起源，第 3 段接符提到，中
基化氨基酸是这两个研究者研究的矜P 点，rti此吋知他们的研究足关于氨基酸为什么只接受左旋这个问
题的，答案可概括为Why amino acids accept only left-handedness应当注意的足•，题丨丨问的是Ronald
Breslow和 Mindy Levine的研究内容（were about )，而不是•研究丨丨的（goal )，故 不 要 以 为 答 案 是 How
living creatures came into exist
Passage Two
17. Aspect.
【解析】score作名词有“得分”“配乐”“方面”“宿怨"等 意 思 第 2 段末句提到了投资者担心VistaPrint的收人增长
放缓、毛利降低；第3 段第1 句就提到on that score,投资者担心的+ 埕地方。从上下文衔接上来看，on
lhat score意思应为“在那方面' W 此答案为Aspect
Passage Three
18. The Minoan civilization.
【解析】根据题H 中的major Mediterranean sea power定位到第2 段该段最后两句提到，公元前1400年弥诺斯
人的文明古国被摧毁后，希腊成为地中海的主导力最。题目中的1420 B.C.没有出现在原文,但据此可推断
出，在公元前1420年弥诺斯人的文明古闰还没布被摧毁时，他们才是地中海的主导力W , 故答案为The
Minoan civilization考生容易误以为答案是Mainland Greece应注意公元前的年份辟法4 公元后的年份
算法，公元前的时间数字越大，代表年份越靠前，因此公元前1420年是公元前1400之前2 0 年，而当时希
B昔还没有成为地中海的主导力撤。
19. The style of government Athens had around 1200 B.C.
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• •专八阅读_
【解析】根据题目中的democracy定位到第3 段最后一句。该句说我们现在的民主源于那时古雅典的政府体制，at
that time指的是该段段首的Around 1200 B.C.这个时间点，而题R 用 originate from来同义表达原文的is
based on,可见答案在原文该短语后，即 The style of government Athens had around 1200 B.C.
20. The hare and rocky land.
【解析】第 7 段第3 句提到，贫瘠和岩石裸露的土地只能用来种橄榄树，全文只有该处说到种植橄榄树的土地，题
目中的is best for语义与原文的is perfect for相近，该句主语The bare and rocky land为答案
Passage Four
21. Because it might be an opportunity for emotional (spiritual) growth.
【解析】根据题M 中的disappointment和for a child定位到第2 段M 后一句题目中的being eliminated in sports
表示“在体育中被淘汰”,语义包含了原文该句说的从曲棍球队刷下来或是进不了游泳队。该句说一个孩子
在这种情况下心情会极为沮丧，接若破折号后说这种沮丧的反作用：对情感与桔神上的成长而言也可能是
一次锻炼的机会。所以说这种沮丧对孩子来说反而可能是好事，可见答案可从破折号后的内容获得，限于
字数要求，可同义表达为 Because it might be an opportunity for emotional (spiritual) growth
22. US Education in Youth Athletics.
【解析】原文第1句开门见山，说在美国青少年体育运动中，教育是一重要主题」该句为全文主题句，整篇文章都围
绕美国对青少年体育运动的教育这个主题展开，故答案为US Education in Youth Athletics。
• 278 •SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section there are five passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple
choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, Bf C and D. Choose the one that you think is
the best answer.
Passage One
(l)Mohamed Nasheed, the dapper young president of the Maldives, thinks the
主 题：国家政治 jasmine revolutionaries of the Arab world may have something to learn from his own
字 数:604
small country's transition to democracy. The Indian Ocean archipelago, which has
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historical ties to the Arab world, saw the ouster of its own strongman, Maumoon
Abdul Gayoom, just two years ago. Mr Gayoom had ruled as president for three
decades, jailing and torturing his opponents along the way, until he was eventually persuaded in 2008, after
popular protests, to hold a free election_ and then to respect its result, which brought the opposition to power.
(2) The relatively orderly transition did not produce an entirely smooth outcome. Opposition lawmakers have
since been able to block the government's policies, leading to the resignation of the cabinet in protest. But
even such disagreements are resolved peacefully. “W e are in the process of consolidating our democracy” says
Mr Nasheed, on a visit to Delhi for a conference on promoting liberal governance in South Asia.
(3) “For so many years Maldivian rulers tried to emulate society in Egypt/* he argues; now the Egyptians
should return the favour. He urges them not to rush to an election, without first allowing time for the
formation of stable political parties. Elections should be held only after a constitution is in place. Mr Nasheed
notes that since its first multi-party presidential elections the Maldives has also held a parliamentary poll and
then local elections. 44W e are a 1(X)% Muslim country. W e feel if democracy can survive in the Maldives it
can survive in other Islamic countries. Islam and democracy are not in conflict.” Asked if Mr Gayoom, who
seems to show an interest in returning to politics, should be prosecuted for previous wrongdoing, Mr Nasheed
disagrees. He reckons that 44vengeanceagainst the previous leader would be counterproductive.
(4) Not all is going swimmingly. Islamic radicals, as in north Africa, are a worry. Individuals from the
Maldives— frustrated young men—have been arrested while training with extremists in Pakistan. One of the
terrorists who attacked India’s commercial capital, Mumbai, in November 2008，killing some 170 people, was
rumoured to be Maldivian. (Most of the attackers were Pakistani; Mr Nasheed says he has seen no evidence to
prove there was any Maldivian among them.) But the president argues that the religious extremism which
flourished under authoritarian rule is now weakening under democracy. “When political space is available，then
liberal forces will be able to organise themselves and win the support of the people.”
(5) He points out that in last year’s local elections radical Islamic parties won just 2% of the vote.
Next he wants liberal Muslims to take initiatives to outsmart the radicals: it is time for an “ideological
confrontation”，with South Asian Muslims learning tactics from moderate and liberal Muslims from farther East:
Malaysia and Indonesia. Mr Nasheed plans to play host to a conference on the topic, probably later this year.
(6) It helps that the Maldives also has resources to alleviate poverty. Tourism and the local fishing industry
are flourishing. Income per person, at $4,2(X) per year, is the highest of any country in South Asia and isi^ la :专八阅读.
enough that the Maldives is no longer classified in the “least developed" category. How much any of its
success can be replicated in the larger countries of north Africa or the Persian Gulf is open to debate—the
Maldives are home to just 35(MXK) people, and its democracy cannot be considered to be robust until many
years have passed. But even a small example of success should be a welcome model for the revolutionaries on
the other side of the Arabian Sea.
1. Which of the foUowing statements is NOT true about the Maldives?
A. It* *s a violence-free country.
B. It was ruled by a dictator for 30 years.
C. Il has transl.ormed into a democratic country peacefully.
D. Legislators play a decisive role in making government's policies.
2. According to the passage, the cabinet resigned because of •
A. the unsmooth result of the political transition
B. legislators' dissatisfaction with the cabinet's policies
C. the conflicts between the cabinet and the legislature
D. people's protest against its policies
3. The sentence 4t... Egyptians should return the favour/' (Para. 3) implies that
A. the Maldivians learned from the Egyptians in developing democracy
B. the Egyptians should learn from the Maldives’ transition to democracy
C. the Egyptians should help the Maldivians to build democracy
D. the Maldivians helped the Egyptians to build its democracy
Passage Two
Dear Jack,
主 题：家庭教育 (1) At your physical yesterday, the nurse measured you at 5 feet 9 inches. You
字 数：589
have officially passed your old man. And at 13, you're not done growing.
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(2) There,s never been a better time to grow into manhood, but not everyone
thinks so. NEWSWEEK recently reported on the plight of the "Beached White Male/*
• Man down!” they're crying—and insisting we'd better man up. It got me thinking about what it means to be
a man.
(3) 1 always thought that I would become governor, and then Fd “be the man.” But the train tracks got
switched, and instead M o m pulled into that station. I came to wonder about my strength. Do you remember
when I took you along to my speech about leadership to some Cisco executives in Chicago, where you ran
the PowerPoint slides? During the Q & A someone asked you why your dad was a great leader. You told them
that I faithfully visited the young man I mentor in the Big Brother program, even when he was frustrating and
difficult. Then someone asked, “Why is your m o m a great leader?” and you said, “W o w ，my m o m —where do
I even start?M I felt my armor pierced by that contrast— M o m ’s obvious，overwhelming heroism，and my
leadership, such as it was, smaller, humbler.
(4) Male armor had always seemed to fit me well. As a young man I felt comfortable behind Ivy League
walls，then moved easily through halls of power. When I launched my leadership consulting business, I enjoyed
"eating what I killed，” as the macho maxim puts it. But the choices M o m and I made to put her public
service in front of my career, and for me to lead at home, left me vulnerable and caused me to rethink what
it means to “be a man.” It has not been a tragic end to my manhood, but a wondrous beginning. It'll get
even better for you.
(5) When your grandmothers were raised, being a woman meant being a housewife. But M o m
• 280 •Part® 76篇阅读模拟集训
and her generation seized new opportunities. As a prosecutor and attorney general, M o m developed
extraordinary executive skills. I was proud, and learned to exult in her strengths. Her success freed me to see
a man can be good—or great— without being a hero in war, sports, business, or politics. A strong man. Jack,
is not threatened by others' greatness. He's comfortable with his own.
(6) 1 have loved raising you and your college-age sisters. It's been a gift. I stepped out of my male armor.
I now cry when F m sad, afraid, or just overwhelmed by the beauty of a sonata or a newborn baby. I don’t
feel less of a man. I do feel more of a human being.
(7) Jack，you can play all kinds of roles in your time. You can whack at someone with a lacrosse stick—
or express courage as you did last week，when I watched you console your goalie while everyone else was
mad at him for giving up ihe deciding goal. You showed me a strong man.
(8) As a modem man, you’ll learn way more than if you were large and in charge. It used to be a man’s
world (and, in some measure, it still is). If you lead like Mom, you'll know how to persevere. You need not
fear strong women, or dismiss gentle men. And if you so choose，you’ll be a great stay-at-home or lead
parent, giving and receiving incredible lessons and profound joy. Either way, it's a great time to be a man.
4. The following statements serve as examples of “Male armor had always seemed to fit me well”
EXCEPT _____•
A. I felt comfortable behind Ivy League walls B. I moved easily through halls of power
C. I was proud, and learned to exult in her strengths D. I always thought that I would become governor
5. The writer does NOT claim that .
A. success in career is essential to a strong man B. others, greatness is not a threat to a real man
C. a real man is content with his own greatness D. crying does no damage to a man's image
6. Which of the following statements does NOT contain a metaphor?
A. NEWSWEEK recently reported on the plight of the "Beached White Male.M
B. But the train tracks got switched, and instead M o m pulled into that station.
C. If you lead like M o m ，you’ll know how to persevere.
D. I felt my armor pierced by that contrast.
Passage Three
(l)Nortel Networks，the defunct Canadian telecommunications equipment maker，
主 题：科技与商业
says it has agreed to sell more than 6,000 patent assets to an alliance made up of
字 数：611
Apple, Microsoft and other technology giants for $4.5 billion in cash. The group of
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companies, which also includes Research in Motion, Sony，Ericsson and EMC, beat
out Google and Intel for the patents and patent applications that Nortel had
accumulated when it was still one of the largest telecommunications equipment makers in North America.
(2)Nortel, which filed for bankruptcy in 2009, said in a statement late Thursday that it had sold its last
remaining patents, covering businesses including wireless and networking technology and semiconductors, in an
auction that it called “very robust." “The size and dollar value for this transaction is unprecedented, as was the
significant interest in the portfolio among major companies around the world,M said George A. Riedel chief
strategy officer of Nortel. Nortel delayed the auction once last month because of what it called “significant
interest,n and started the sale on Monday. Nortel said it hoped to close the transaction *in the third quarter.
⑶ In April, Google made a stalking-horse bid of $900 million for the patents，some of which are related
to the wireless technology known as long-term evolution. Networks based on that technology, considered crucial
to the future of telecommunications, are created to carry large amounts of data like streamed video to mobile
devices. The Google offer was interpreted as a defensive move. The search giant was seeking intellectual
• 281 •专八阅读
property rights to shield itself from lawsuits as il moves deeper into the mobile business with its Android
software. Kent Walker, Google's general counsel, wrote at the time of the bid that it was supposed to "create
a withholder for others to sue Google.” Now, thousands of crucial patents will be in the hands of rivals like
Apple and Microsoft, both of which have shown themselves to be much more aggressive in patent litigation
than Google. On Friday, Mr. Walker said in an e-mail that the auction's outcome was “disappointing for
anyone who believes that open innovation benefits users and promotes creativity and competition.” The sale
announced Thursday will require approval from courts in Canada and the United States, Nortel said. About
2,600 of the patent assets are American. A joint hearing has been scheduled for July 11.
(4) Nortel, based in Mississauga, Ontario, was once a flagship Canadian company but filed for bankruptcy
in 2009 after losing nearly $6 billion in 2008. Since then, it has sold its wireless equipment business for $1.13
billion to the Swedish company Ericsson, which walked away with $340 million worth of patents from the
auction on Thursday. More recently, Ericsson bought Telcordia, an American telecom network equipment maker,
for $1.15 billion. In 2(X)9, Nortel sold another unit dealing with enterprise solutions for $475 million to Avaya,
a former A T & T unit that is now owned by private equity and which filed for an initial public offering of
stock last month.
(5) RIM, Canada's most prominent technology company since Nortel collapsed, said in a separate statement
that it had paid about $770 million for patents at the auction. The sale of patents raised more than the rest of
Nortel’s disposals combined. The company said it did not anticipate that holders of its common shares or
preferred stock would benefit from the bankruptcy process. Creditor protection proceedings “will result in the
cancellation of these equity interests/1 Nortel said. Nortel was advised by Lazard. NorteFs creditors' committee,
which includes the Bank of New York Mellon and the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, hired Jefferies as
its financial adviser for the auction, which saw the patent assets reap five times the stalking-horse bid.
7. According to Paragraph One, how many companies the ' group of companies" is made up of?
A. Two. B. Four. C. Six. D. Eight.
8. The following statements about the transaction of Nortel patents are true EXCEPT .
A. it has been completed on Thursday B. its scale is very large
C. it will benefit ihe purchasers D. it made some companies disappointed
9. The main purpose of the passage is to .
A. offer advice on distributing Nortel patents among differenl companies
B. inform audiences of the Nortel patents transaction’s conditions and results
C. emphasize how important Nortel patents are
D. explain why Google lost the competition for Nortel patents
Passage Four
(l)Itzik Galili really is an artist of the floating world. Bom in Israel in 1961, he
主 题•.人物故事
moved to Amsterdam when he was 30 and is shaping up as one of Europe’s most
字 数:599
idiosyncratic choreographers. Mr. Galili holds dual Israeli and Dutch citizenship. He
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J has three children in Israel and visits them every ten days. In addition to his native
Hebrew, he also speaks good English and Dutch.
(2)Mr. Galili is highly regarded in the Netherlands. Marking the tenth anniversary of the founding of his
company, Galili Dance, a new show. “Heads or Tales”，has been receiving enthusiastic reviews as it tours the
country. Fiercely contemporary, “Heads or TalesM is full of gorgeous imagery, compelling ensemble work and
arresting solos. One thing it is not, though, is balletic. Scenes include a naked man being showered with bits
• 282 •Part © 76篇阅读模拟集训
of paper, men doing the pogo，and a man and woman engaged in tentative ballet while conducting a dialogue
about genocide.
(3) Mr. Galili's artistic style is confrontational: athletic, unsentimental and often witty. He claims not to be
specifically political，believing that politics and choreography rarely sit well together. But in “For Heaven’s
Sake”，a powerful piece that he first staged in 2001 and which he revised last year, the images of occupa
tion—conjuring up the Israelis in Palestine, perhaps, or the Americans in Iraq—could not be mistaken for any
thing else.
(4) Ten years ago, Mr. Galili moved from Amsterdam to the northern town of Groningen. A friend had
called，urging him to apply for a position there as director of dance. Mr. Galili got the job. Groningen is a
pleasant place, with an old university, but its claims to fame do not extend too much beyond the industrial
processing of sugar-beet and a glorious 15th-century tower. “Who would want to go to Groningen?” asks Mr.
Galili with an ironic smile.
(5) Yet in many respects it was a shrewd move. For such a small country, the Netherlands has an unusual
quantity of world-class dance troupes，including the Dutch National Ballet，based in Amsterdam, and the more
experimental Netherlands Dance Theatre (NDT) in The Hague. Both fill theatres across the globe.
(6) In Groningen, though, Mr. Galili is dance's top dog. That allows him to work with a freedom and in
tensity that he might not be permitted were he competing with a bigger troupe in a major urban centre. One
measure of Galili Dance's status is the number of young hopefuls who want to join. The full tally of its per
forming employees amounts to only ten people. Yet once or，at most, twice a year, Mr. Galili sees between
350 and 500 applicants over three days each time.
(7) Small, for Mr. Galili, is clearly beautiful. His thinking about dance is correspondingly original. Talent,
even if discernible from an early stage, develops only slowly. Almost everything begins in improvisation, and
his aim is never merely to make an audience laugh or cry. There must always be a journey “within”，he says.
(8) Mr. Galili knew nothing about dance until he was in his early 20s. He had had a disrupted childhood,
with his parents divorcing and his mother suffering a breakdown. He and two other siblings were fostered by
three different families, and Mr. Galili recalls with evident pain that he grew up in 17 different places between
the ages of five and 18. After doing his military service in Israel in the early 1980s，he caught the dance bug
when watching five men dancing to a Greek folk tune; he had always loved Greek music.
10. The word uchoreographersM in the first paragraph can be best replaced by .
A. directors of dance B. movie directors
C. language teachers D. photographers
11. Which of the following can NOT be used to describe Galili according to the passage?
A. An artist with dual citizenship and linguistic talent.
B. A very popular artist in the Netherlands.
C. An artist whose thinking about dance is original.
D. An artist who is interested in politics.
Passage Five
(l)For multinational corporations, tax planning has become an extremely complex
主 题：经济 affair. It has often been stated that no multinational corporation possesses the ultimate
字 数：592 tax expertise. There are just too many countries and regions involved and thus a web
建议用时：8 分钟 of tax regulations. Therefore, in addition to having their own experts, MNCs rely
heavily on local tax experts and legal counsel.
(2)Taxes have a very important impact on foreign direct investment decisions. Taxes will determine the
financial structure of a subsidiary, and they will influence pricing decisions. They may also lead to the
formation of holding companies. An M N C may decide to establish a branch rather than a subsidiary because of
• 283 •专八阅读
a given tax situation. The absence of a lax treaty between the country of a would-be investor and the nation
where a foreign investmenl is to take place might lead to cancellation of investment plans. An unfavorable
depreciation allowance may keep the foreign investor out. This unit will deal with the different tax systems in
the world and their impact on an MNC's global strategy.
(3) Basically, any tax system can be divided into direct and indirect taxes. Corporate and individual income
taxes are direct; value-added taxes, sales taxes, and import duties are indirect taxes. Corporate income taxes
(taxes levied on earnings) vary among tlie industrialized nations. France，the United States, Holland, Canada,
and Germany have rates of around 50 percent; Italy, the United Kingdom, and Japan have rates of between 36
and 40 percent.
(4) Less developed countries usually have lower corporate tax rates, in order to attract foreign investment.
Thus, Brazil has a rate of 30 percent, and Indonesia has a 40 percent rate. A corporate tax is levied on
taxable earnings. Taxable earnings are more significant than the tax rate itself. They determine what can be
deducted before the tax is computed; in other words, these items are tax deductible. Countries differ greatly in
determining taxable earnings. Some allow accelerated depreciation, whereby the asset (usually the plant or
equipment) is written off at a substantially higher rate during the first years than in the later years. TTiis
allows for smaller taxable earnings in the early years. Other countries allow tax-free investment reserves. These
are used at a later stage for investment in underdeveloped areas of countries or are sent when countries are in
a recession.
(5) A recent type of tax that has won recognition in the European Common Market is value-added tax
(VAT). This is a national sales tax levied at each stage of production to the value added during that stage.
Generally, manufacturing goods, such as plant and equipment, have been exempted from this tax. In most
cases, food items also have been exempted.
(6) Here is an example of how V A T works. A tree owner who sells part of a tree to a lumber mill for $1
must set aside ten cents V A T to pay to the government. The lumber mill processes the tree into building
material and sells the wood for $3 to a lumber wholesaler. The mill adds $2 in value, and thus sets aside ten
percent of the added value, or twenty cents，to pay to the government. And so the V A T continues until the
final sale.
(7) The V A T system offers advantages，such as rebates on exports. Profitable and unprofitable firms are
taxed alike, as there is no possibility of tax deductions to determine taxable income. Further, V A T is easy to
calculate and collect. But V A T is often accused of having contributed to serious inflation in countries where it
was introduced，notably in Western Europe.
12. The sentence uBrazil has a rate of 30 percent, and Indonesia has a 40 percent rate” in the
fourth paragraph shows that_____•
A. governments attach less importance to corporate tax rates
B. lower lax rates are set to attract more foreign investment
C. countries differ greatly in determining taxable earnings
D. the two countries carry out lower tax rates than developed countries
13. One arrives at taxable earnings when _____ •
A. accelerated depreciation is allowed B. asset is written off in the end
C. all tax-deductible items have been subtracted D. tax-free investment reserves are allowed
14. Which of the following is the problem that the VAT system causes?
A. Rebates on exports. B. No tax deductions.
C. Easy calculation and collection. D. Economic instability.
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
In this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each
284
• •Part ® 76篇阅读模拟集训
question in NO more than 10 words.
Passage One
15. What does Mr Nasheed think to be the condition of elections holding?
16. What can be inferred from radical Islamic parties in local elections?
Passage Two
17. How does the author feel about the role he is now playing?
Passage Three
18. Why did Google bid for some of NortePs patents?
19. How can Kent Walker^s attitude towards the result of the auction he best described?
Passage Four
20. What did Mr. Galili's moving from Amsterdam to Groningen turn out to be?
21. What is a good dance according to GalilFs understanding of dance?
Passage Five
22. What does tax system mainly include?
答案与详解
SECTION A
Passage One
1. [ A ] 【解析】第 1 段第3 句指出Mr Gayoom独裁统治了马尔代夫长达3 0 年（B ),同时讲到新总统是通过自由
选举产生的，下一段中的orderly transition都说明了 C 说法正确；第 2 段第2 句“议会的立法者有权力阻止
政府的政策实施，导致政府内阁成员辞职以示抗议”说明D 符合原文，A 表述过于绝对，而且第4 段也提到
了伊斯兰激进分子让人担忧，由此可以很快判断A 为答案。
2. [C ]【解析】根据题干定位到第2 段。该段第2 句指出由于议会的立法者有权力阻止政府的政策实施，导致政
府内阁成员辞职以示抗议，由此可以推断由于两个部门的对立使得内阁辞职。C 符合原文意思，故为答案。
B 的干扰性最强.dissatisfaction(不满>*block the government’s policies在性质、程度上有根本区另ij,所以
不是原因，予以排除。
3. [B]【解析丨根据题干定位到第3 段。该段首句马尔代夫总统指出：在过去很多年马尔代夫的统治者都在效仿埃
及，接着他给埃及提出了一系列建议。从这些话中可以看出埃及现在比较不安定，所以这里应该是指“现在
埃及人应该要反过来学习马尔代夫了"。B 符合这一意思，故为答案。马尔代夫过去仿效埃及的政治制度，而
在过去的3 0 多年里埃及处于独裁者的统治，不是民主制度，因此A 不符合文意；由第3 段第2 、3 句马尔代
夫总统给埃及提出的建议可知,C 和D 均不符合文意。 .
Passage Two
4 .丨C 】【解析】根掘题丨：和选项分別定位到第3-5段<^3^ armor had always seemed to fit me well是第4 段的
主题句，接箝列举r 儿个例子，C “W 为去子的成功而骄傲、欣喜”不符合male armor所表示的男性应力求
实现丨‘〗我这一倾向，闪此应该选C
• 285 .专八阅读
5. | A 1 【解析】由第5 段第5 句可知，作者认为一个伟大的男人并不一定要在战场、商场或政治上成为英雄，故 A
与原文不符，为本题答案。第5 段末句，作者指出：一个强大的男人不会因为别人的伟大而感到有威胁(B),
而是因『彳己的伟大而怡然自得(C);从第6 段可知，在摆脱“男性盔甲”的束缚之后，作者在伤心或者感动的
时候也会哭，但他不认为这样就不像个男人，相反，他觉得自己更像一个真实的人(D)。因此排除B 、C 、D
6. |CI【解析I metaphor指暗喻。A 中“Beached White Male”的意思是“搁浅了的内人男性”.男人被比喻成了船
只；B 中的train tracks比喻人生以及事业的轨迹，station比喻作者的妻子亊业所进人的领域；D 中的armor
比喻自己原来持有的关于男性特质的观念。C 中的like表示方式，不属于比喻，因此本题选C
Passage Three
7. |C1【解析I 第 1 段首句说到，一个由苹果、微软和其他科技巨头(other丨echnology giants)组成的联盟击败了谷
歌和英特尔，而这个集团(The group of companies)还包括黑莓、索尼、爱立信和E M C , 故选C 。
8. |.\1【解析】第2 段末句说到Norte丨希望交易能在第季度完成，说明该交易到目前为止还没最终确定；且第
3 段末句说这次交易需最终获美加两国法庭的批准，故确定A 说法错误，为本题答案。第 2 段第2 句说
到该交易的规模和所涉及的金额都是空前的（imprecedemed),排除B ; 接下来说交易对几家大公司有
significant interest,故排除C;第3 段中提到Google负贵人形容拍卖结果是disappointing的，排除D 〇
9. 丨B ] 【解析】本文的主要目的是让读者了解这次北电专利权拍卖的背景、过程、结果和影响等，所以本题应该选B ,
Passage Four
1
10. 丨A ] 【解析】第 1 段首句的an artist和第2 句的choreographers同指Galili的职业，故可推断choreographer；!诚
于 artist的范畴，结 合 第 2 、3 段对他作品的描述和第4 段 第 2 句 中 的 director of dance可 知 ，
choreographers指的就是directors of dance,故选A 。本题首先可以排除的是C,language teachers不属于
artist的范围，其次通过全文多次出现的dance S]■排除B 和D 。
11. [D】【解析】第3 段第2 句提到，Galili自言他的舞蹈不会表达特定的政治含义,rarely— 同表明他相信政治与
编舞格格不入，D 中的interested— 词不能从文中体现，故选D 。结合第1 段t 句中的artist、第 3 句中的
dual... citizenship和末句可知，A 符合文意；第2 段第1 句中的highly regarded与B 中的very popular意
思相近；第 7 段第2 句提到,Galili对舞蹈的认识独树一帜,C 符合文意.，
Passage Five
12. |B|【解析】第4 段首句提到，欠发达国家为了吸引外资采用较低税率；随后举巴两和印尼为例说明这一点。B
正好表达了原句的意思，故为正确答案。文中并未提及“政府不1 视企业所得税”,排除A ; C 讲的是应纳
税收人问题.也排除；D 表述过于表面化，不能反映原句的深层含义，故也不选。
13• 丨C | 【解析】第 4 段第5 句指出，它们在计算应纳的税之前确定哪一些是可以减免的.换句话说，那些可以被
减免的就是免税项。由此可知.减去免税项就可以得出应纳税的收人，故C 正 确 由 第 4 段可知，A 、B 、D
是不同国家为确定自己国内应纳税收人所采取的不同做法，不是计箅应纳税收人的方法，故均错误。
14.丨丨)丨【解析】末段末句提到，尤其在其起源的西欧，增值税常被指责在一些闰家造成了严《的通货膨胀据此
说明增值税造成了经济不稳定，故选D 。A 、C 均为V A T 系统的优点，故不能选；B 没有原文依据，也可
排除。
SECTION B
Passage One
15. Only after a constitution is in place.
【解析】第3 段第3 句说只有在宪法到位之后选举才应该举行，结合上下文可知这是Nasheed先生的看法，可见
Only after a constitution is in place 为答案。
16. They lost people’s support.
286
• •Part © 7 6 篇阅读模拟集训
【解析】第 5 段首句指出激进的伊斯兰党派分子去年在地方选举中只获得2 % 的选举投票，可推断出他们已失去人
心，故答案为 They lost people’s support。
Passage Two
17. Content.
【解析】第4 段中作者讲述了自己角色转换的过程以及对此的感受，从倒数第2 句的a wondrous beginning(—个
奇妙的开头）可知作者对于自己现在负责“主持内务”这一角色感到满意。且在第6 段中作者用了 love,gift
以及feel more of a human being等表述，这也是有力的依据，所以答案为Content。
Passage Three
18. To shield itself from lawsuits in the mobile business.
【解析】根据题目中的bid for定位到第3 段。该段第1 句中的the patents指的就是Nortel的专利，第 3 句形容谷
歌参与竞拍北电的一些专利权是一种“防御行为"(defensive move),接下来说其目的是避免陷入有关移动
业务的诉讼。可见答案为 To shield itself from lawsuits in the mobile business。
19. Disappointed.
【解析】第 3 段倒数第4 句说到Walker认为the auction’s outcome was disappointing"•，可见他对拍卖的结果表
示失望，答案为Disappointed c
Passage Four
20. A shrewd move.
【解析】第 4 段说Galili在一位朋友的推荐下告别阿姆斯特丹去到格罗宁根工作，接着第5 段首句说从诸多方面
来看Galili这一趟是稍明之举，该句中的it指的就是Galili从阿姆斯特丹去格罗宁根这一举动，可见答案
为 A shrewd move。
21. A journey into audience's hearts.
【解析】第 7 段谈到了 Galili对舞蹈的理解和认识。他认为让观众捧腹大笑或者是失声痛哭绝非是他的唯一目标，
舞蹈必须而且始终都是 a journey “within”。a journey “within” 在此指的是 a journey into audience’s
hearts,故为答案。
Passage Five
22. Indirect taxes and direct taxes.
【解析】第 3 段第1 句明确指出，任何税制基本上都可以分为直接税和间接税，题目中的mainly对应原文的
Basically，include 对应原文的 be divided into,故答案为该句宾语，BP Indirect taxes and direct taxes。
287
• •SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section there are four passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple
choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is
the best answer.
Passage One
(l)The YouTube video starts with the road sign: Croxteth, City of Liverpool. A
主 题：社会问题
youth races a motorbike down a street, another encourages a snarling dog to harass a
字 数：602
victim and a faceless young man points a shotgun to the camera，followed by more
建议用时:8分钟
guns, street scenes and the rap boasting of gang culture. The video has been posted * 11
on the website since October，viewed perhaps by thousands attracted by the violence
of gang culture. In February the Chief Constable of Merseyside gave a stark warning: families that did nothing
to stop their children's involvement in gun crime could find themselves identifying their child in the morgue.
Yesterday Rhys Jones, an 11-year-old murdered, as he played football, by a hooded youth in a ride-by
shooting, was the focus of nationwide horror at this latest victim of gangs with guns. The Chief Constable's
warning could not have been more cruelly justified.
(2) Despite the publicity and alarm at the spate of murders of inner city teenagers in recent months, Britaintain
is not, as some politicians have said, in a “state of anarchy”. Gun crime is far, far below the levels of Los
Angeles or Washington.
(3) Last year firearms were used in 61 homicides in England and Wales, 12 offences more than the 49
recorded in 2005-2006. Robberies involving guns were down 4 per cent on 2(X)5, and hand-gun offences fell
11 per cent. But these figures conceal several ugly and dangerous trends. More than half all the gun crime
occurred in only three places: Greater Manchester, the West Midlands and the London Metropolitan Police area.
Guns are being used mainly by criminals linked to drug culture, but increasingly also they are acquired by
gangs and are used for self-defence，to settle scores or enforce “respect”. This seepage is all the more
alarming as the age of both users and victims is going down. In 2003 teenage victims of shooting formed 16
per cent of all victims; last year they were 31 per cent.
(4) Since the 1996 Dunblane massacre, Britain has had some of the toughest gun-control laws in the world.
The importation and private possession of any gun is illegal. Those found with a gun face a minimum of five
years in jail, and the loophole that allowed those aged 18-20 to avoid the five-term term has been closed. Yet
access to guns，according to the police, has rarely been easier. Weapons are smuggled in, either from the
Balkans or via Ireland, and are readily available.
(5) To fight the gun and gang culture, the police have focused on areas where it is most pernicious. Only
a small section of the inner cities is involved; but the effect is disproportionately felt in black communities. In
London, 75 per cent of all firearm homicides and shootings and 79 per cent of all suspects come from the
African and Caribbean community. Operation Trident, the Met's high-profile effort to involve this community in
the fight against crime, has shown some success. But progress is negated by other trends: the growing
involvement of teenagers in drug use and distribution, the cult of “respect”，the proliferation of gangs and
peer pressure.
• 288 •P a rt❿ 76篇阅读模拟集训^
• •，意 /
(6)There is no need for new legislation, though penalties for the possession of guns by teenagers must be
increased. The police need to extend the Trident operation, hut on llieir own can do only so much. Far more
support must come from the communities afflicted. In cracking down hard on gun culture, the police must
insist on involving parents，community leaders and social workers. The prospect of more teenage killings is
horrific. It can be countered only by eternal vigilance.
1. The first paragraph does N O T claim that .
A. Chief Constable's warning is worth noticing B. Rhys Jones's death has drawn the public's attention
C. people who possess guns will be punished D. teenagers have become the new targets of violence
2. According to the statistics, which of the following is INCORRECT?
A. More and more young people are involved in gun crimes.
B. Gun crimes are more likely to take place in certain cities.
C. Drug use and distribution is a main cause of gun crimes.
D. The gun crime in Britain was out of control last year.
3. W h y does the author say uthc effect is disproportionately felt in black communities" in Para. 5?
A. Because the fight against gun crimes is more successful in black communities.
B. Because black people in Britain commit more crimes than white people.
C. Because black people have to fight with racial discrimination in Britain.
D. Because black people are more sensitive than white people in Britain.
Passage Two
(l)Oscar Wilde's definition of a cynic was someone who knew the price of
主 题 ：教育 everything and the value of nothing. His epigram applies to the way we talk about
字 数:574 education nowadays, focusing on what it can do for the economy. That is indeed
建议用时:8分钟 important, but it does not capture the real value of education. It is almost as if * 2 3 4
people are afraid of saying education is a good thing in itself. That comes from a
loss of confidence in the importance of transmitting a body of knowledge, a culture, ways of thinking, from
one generation to the next. It is a crucial obligation we have to the next generation and we are failing to
discharge it.
(2) The latest example of this loss of confidence in education is the titles of the departments created by
splitting the Department for Education in two. W e have the Departmeni of Innovation, Universities and Skills
and we have the Department for Children，Schools and Families. The key word that is missing in those two
lists is education. It is almost as if the government has lost confidence in the value of education，as distinct
from other worthwhile aims such as helping families or raising our levels of innovation.
(3) For the government, science is no longer about evidence and reason, it is a lever for increasing produc
tivity. Foreign languages are not a means of appreciating the culture of another people; they are a means of
improving trade. Yet people do not become teachers because they aspire to raising the rate of growth; they
wish to pass on a love of their subjects. There is a paradox here. If we see education as a way of imparting
a body of knowledge, we will do better at the functionalist side of education as well. Like happiness, it can
be achieved only as a byproduct of something else.
(4) Real education means real subjects with a history, shape and rigour，together with the intellectual
curiosity to challenge and renew them. Our body of knowledge must be rooted in a tradition, but must also be
open to questioning. Indeed，what we know changes all the time一when Einstein was at Oxford in the 1930s,
he set a physics paper with the same questions for two years running. When his colleagues challenged him, he
replied that although the questions were the same the answers were different. That is part of the excitement of
intellectual endeavour.
• 289 •专八阅读
(5) 0f course, skills matter too. But often they are best mastered through learning stuff. Look at what has
gone wrong with history. W e expect school-children to compare different primary sources and learn the
analytical tools of the historian, but we will not allow them the sheer excitement of learning what happens
next in a narrative history of our own country.
(6) Several subjects now face the vicious spiral of not enough people emerging from university who have
studied the subject to provide the teachers to keep it going in schools. W e cannot just solve this problem by
passing a law or setting yet another target. W e need a smarter policy than this that understands the role of a
proud profession in living up to its own standards, and the power of choice by parents and students.
(7) There are problems with the national curriculum but even more important is the intricate relationship
between the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority and the examining boards. This is the source of the
dumbing down and predictability of exams.
4. Oscar Wilde's definition of a cynic applies to the way we talk about today's education because .
A. the public fail to value education for itself B. the expenses of modem education is too high
C. the definitions of two objects are the same D. the economic development depends on education
5. Which of the following adjectives best describes the author's attitude towards modern education?
A. Objective. B. Positive. C. Negative. D. Biased.
6. The author draws an analogy between _____ .
A. education and happiness B. productivity and happiness
C. functionalism and productivity D. knowledge and productivity
7. Einstein's story is cited as an example to support the following statements EXCEPT .
A. human beings have never given up exploring unknown areas
B. the ability of critical thinking is essential for the students
C. challenges are invisible motivation of scientific development
D. skill-training is the most important part in education
Passage Three
(1 )Las Vegas uses flashing lights and ringing bells to create an illusion of reward
and to encourage risk taking. Insurance company offices present a more somber mocxl
lo remind us of our mortality. Every marketer knows that context and presentation
influence our decisions.
⑵ For the first time，economists are studying these phenomena scientifically. The
economists are using a new technology that allows them to trace the activity of neurons inside the brain and
thereby study how emotions influence our choices, including economic choices like gambles and investments.
(3) For instance, when humans are in a “positive arousal state/1 they think about prospective benefits and
enjoy the feeling of risk. All of us are familiar with the giddy excitement that accompanies a triumph. Camelia
Kuhnen and Brian Knutson, two researchers at Stanford University, have found that people are more likely to
take a foolish risk when their brains show this kind of activation.
(4) But when people think about costs, they use different brain modules and become more anxious. They
play it too safe, at least in the laboratory. Furthermore, people are especially afraid of ambiguous risks with
unknown odds. This may help explain why so many investors are reluctant to seek out foreign stock markets,
even when they could diversify their portfolios at low cost.
(5) If one truth shines through, it is that people are not consistent or fully rational decision makers. Peter
L. Bossaerts. an economics professor at the California Institute of Technology, has found that brains assess risk
and return separately, rather than making a single calculation of what economists call expected utility.
(6) Researchers can see on the screen how people compartmentalize their choices into different parts of their
290
• •Part © 76篇阅读模拟集训
brains. This may not always sound like economics but neuro-economists start with the insight—borrowed from
the economist Friedrich Hayek一that resources are scarce within the brain and must be allocated to competing
uses. Whether in economies or brains, well-functioning systems should not be expected to exhibit centralized
command and control.
(7) Neuro-economics is just getting started. The first major empirical paper was published in 2001 by Kevin
McCabe，Daniel Houser, Lee Ryan, Vernon Smith and Theodore Trouard, all economics professors. A neuro
economics laboratory at Cal Tech, led by Colin F. Camerer，a math prodigy and now an economics professor,
has assembled the foremost group of interdisciplinary researchers. Many of the early entrants, who have learned
neurology as well as economics, continue to dominate the field.
(8) Investors are becoming interested in the money-making potential of these ideas. Imagine training traders
to set their emotions aside or testing their objectivity in advance with brain scans. Futuristic devices might
monitor their emotions on the trading floor or in a bargaining session and instruct them how to compensate for
possible mistakes.
(9) Are the best traders most adept at reading the minds of others? Or is trading skill correlated with traits
like the ability to calculate and ignore the surrounding caldron of human emotions?
(10) More ambitiously, future research may try to determine when a shorl-term price bubble will collapse.
Does the market tide turn when people stop smiling, adjust to their adrenalin levels or make different kinds of
eye contact?
(11) Not all of neuro-economics uses brain scans. Andrew W. Lo，a professor at the Sloan School of Man
agement at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, applied polygraph-like techniques to securities traders to
show that anxiety and fear affect market behavior. Measuring eye movements，which is easy and cheap, helps
the researcher ascertain what is on a subject’s mind. Other researchers have opened up monkey skulls to mea
sure individual neurons; monkey neurons fire in proportion to the amount and probability of rewards. But do
most economists care? Are phrases like “nucleus accumbens”一referring to a subcortical nucleus of the brain
associated with reward—welcome in a profession caught up in interest rates and money supply? Skeptics ques
tion whether neuro-economics explains real-world phenomena.
8. According to the passage, neuro-economists might be interested in the following topics EXCEPT .
A. how does the context influence our choices
B. why are people afraid of ambiguous risks
C. the mechanism of brains when people make economic choices
D. the way brains work when businessmen are doing sports
9. The fifth paragraph _____.
A. generally agrees with the previous two paragraphs
B. has no connection with the previous two paragraphs
C. repeats the argument of the second paragraph
D. contradicts the paragraph that follows
10. The findings of neuro-economics are helpful for investors in the following ways EXCEPT .
A. evaluating their personalities to make them know more about themselves
B. reducing the negative influence of their emotion on making decisions
C. offering advice to help them correct possible mistakes in business
D. helping them win the bargains so as to make more money in business
11. What is the role of the last paragraph in the development of the topic?
A. To introduce how Andre W. Lo exams human brains.
B. To describe how eyes movements reflect minds.
C. To show the author's concern about the significance of the research.
D. To explain the technical term “nucleus accumbens'Passage Four
(1) George Williams, one of Scottsdale's last remaining cowboys, has been raising
主 题 ：社会 horses and cattle on his 120 acres for 20 years. The cattle go to the slaughterhouse,
字 数 ：538 the horses to rodeos. But Mr. Williams is stomping mad.
建议用时:9分钟 (2) His problems began last year when dishonest neighbours started to steal his
cattle. Then other neighbours, most of them newcomers, took offence at his horses
roaming on their properties. Arizona is an open-range state: livestock have the right of way and there is no
fine for trespassing. This has been on the law books since 1913. Mr. Williams, who is elderly and in poor
health, is angry that he has to spend so much of his time fielding complaints and retrieving stolen cattle.
(3) Such grumbles are common in Arizona. The most recent Department of Agriculture census shows that
1,213 of Arizona's 8,507 farms closed down in the past 5 years. Many cattlemen are moving out to more
remote parts of the state. Arable farmers are struggling, too. Norman Knox, a respected grain fanner in Gilbert,
recently learned that the owner of his rented land wants to build condos. Mr. Knox is 72 and has to move.
He reckons that 50-70% of the farmland in Gilbert has been sold for development in the past two years.
(4) This affects not only cowboys and farmers, but small businessmen too. For 20 years, Gary Young,
owner of Gilbert's Higley Feed, sold range blocks and cubes to cattlemen who fed them to cattle during the
droughts. But 18 months ago he switched to selling pet food and baby chicks to new home-owners.
(5) Doc Lane is an executive at the Arizona Cattlemen’s Association, a trade group. He says Arizona’s
larger ranch owners are making decent profits from selling. It is the smaller players who are the victims of
rising land values, higher mortgages and stiffer city council rules. What happens all too often is that people
move in next to a farm because they think the land pretty. But soon they start complaining to the council. In
Mr. Williams's case it was the horses that annoyed them. Other newcomers don’t like the noise, the pesticides
and the smell of manure.
(6) Locals worry about the precious, dwindling cowboy culture. Arizona's tourism boards like to
promote a steady interest in all things cowboy and western. Last year more British and German tourists came
than usual, and many of them were looking precisely for that. Arizona's Dude Ranch Association fills its $350-
a-night luxury ranches most of the year; roughly a third of the guests are European.
(7) Many of the ranchers themselves see all this tourism as a cheeky attempt to commercialize a real and
vanishing culture. In Prescott, estate agents promote “American Ranch-style" homes with posters of backlit
horse riders. On the other side of the street is Whiskey Row, a famous strip of historic cowboy bars. But in
Matt’s Saloon on Saturday night, real cattlemen could not be found.
(8) Farm folk like Mr. Knox and Mr. Williams are weighing up their options. Many will migrate to remoter
places where land is cheaper and not crowded with city people. Younger ones take on side-jobs as contractors
and are cattlehands part-time. Older cowboys aren't sure what to do.
12. Which of the following details of George Williams's situation is INCORRECT?
A. He has lost some of his cattle since last year. B. His horses annoyed some of his new neighbors.
C. He is mad because of his poor health condition. D. The livestock in his state have some privilege.
13. According to the passage, which of the following facts is NOT responsible for the moving of farmers?
A. Higher price of the land. B. Government rules with more restrictions.
C. Heavier burden of the mortgages. D. Disappearing of the cowboy culture.
14. The last sentence “Older cowboys aren’t sure what to do” implies that .
A. the author is worried about the future of cowboy culture
B. old cowboys have not decided what to do in the future
C. the author blames the old cowboys for their laziness
D. the author wants to make decision for the old cowboys
292
• •Part © 7 6 篇阅读模拟集训
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
hi this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each
question in NO more than 10 words.
Passage One
15. What has contributed to the strictest British gun-control laws in the world?
16. W h o should work together to reduce the gun crimes by teenagers?
Passage Two
17. What is the main topic of this passage?
Passage Three
18. W h y are flashing lights and ring bells used in Las Vegas?
19. What will people do when their brains are excited according to Camelia and Brian?
Passage Four
20. W h y does Norman Knox have to leave his farmland?
21. What results in the appearance of “American Ranch-style” homes in the local ranchers’ opinion?
22. What does the phrase “weighing up their options” in the last paragraph mean?
^ 案与详^
SECTION A
Passage One
1. [C】【解析】第 1 段提到YouTube上的持枪暴力视频点击M 很大，由此臀察局长筲告家长要附止子女参与枪支
犯罪，但是并没有提到持枪人要受惩罚，故选C 。第 1 段末的枪击案例子和末句表明，筲宵的话很存根据，值
得注意，A 符合文意；倒数第2 句提到，Rhys的死成为公众惊恐的焦点，B 与之一致；视频、Rhys枪击案以
及警察局长的繁告都涉及青少年，故 D W 少年成为枪击与原文一致。
2. [D ]【解析】第 3 段的数字表明去年英格兰和威尔士的枪击案件只比2005-2006年度增长12起，且作者在第2
段中说英国并没有处于无政府的状态，故选D 。丨丨丨第3 段末句的数据可知，越来越多的年轻人被卷人枪支
犯罪,A 符合文意；B 与第3 段第4 句相符;C 与该段倒数第3 句一致，故 •:项均可排除
3. 丨B 丨【解析】第5 段提到，捋方的行动只涉及一小部分中心城[«，但是在黑人社K 能感受到的影响力非常大t 根
据接下来的数据可推测，这是W 为黑人的犯罪比例较丨'1人高，故选B D 中的sensitive矜似与题f 中的felt
呼应，有一定的迷惑性;C 与本文主题完全无关，答题时吋以最先排除
Passage Two
4.【A] 【解析】第 1段首句提到,Oscar Wilde对“愤世嫉俗者”的定义是只知道价格（表面）而不知道价值（内在）的
人；接荇第2、3句提到，人们现在谈论教育的时候只是_ 绕教存能为经济做什么（表面），而忽略了教育自
身的价值（内在）A 的说法与此-致，故 正 确 B M是公众批if教育的热点，怛文中未提及；作者借丨H Oscar
Wilde的“愤世嫉俗者”的定义去谈论教育是因为二者有一定的相似性，而不是定义完全相同，故 C错;D 在
下文中有提及，但不是两者相似的原W
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• •专八阅读
5 . 丨C ] 【解析】本文从批评人们对教育的错误认识谈起，继而讨论教育存在的问题，可见他对现在的教育状况持
否定的态度。故选C 。
6 .丨 B ] 【解析】第3 段最后一句的Like happiness表明此处存在类比，其中的it指 functionalist side of education,
而第3 段 第 丨、2 句说科学用于提高生产力，外语用于增进贸易，提卨生产力和增进贸易即作者所说的
functionalist side of education。由此可知，B 存在类比。
7 . 丨丨)丨【解析】第 4 段爱因斯坦的故事中并没有提到技能培训问题，更没有说技术培训是教脊最1 要的一部分，
这与本文的主旨相反，故选D 。该段第3 句提到，人们掌握的知识一直在不断变化,A 符合文意：该段首句
提到，学习者的好奇心与挑战意识的:®要性，B 与此一致；该段第2 句提到，我们的知识体系必须经受公众
的质疑,C 符合此意。
Passage Three
8. | D ] 【解析】neuro-economists的研究范围包括生意人的大脑t 作情况，仮是仅限亍他们从亊经济活动时，D “生
意人运动时的大脑工作情况”不属于这一学科研究的范闹，故为答案第丨段末句和第2 段首句表明A “环
境对人们抉择的影响”诚于neuro-economist研究的范畴，故 A 是他们感兴趣的话题；第4 段末句关于人们
对海外投资顾虑的阐述说明B 也是研究的课题；第2 段第2 句提到经济学家追踪大脑神经的活动来研究
情绪如何影响决定，故C"人们做出经济抉择时的大脑机能”厲于他们感兴趣的范畴。
9 . 丨A 丨【解析】第3 段说人们在兴奋状态下常常愚蠢地B 险；第 4 段说人们在考虑代价的时候，他们用脑部的不
同模块思考，变得焦虑、谨憤。这两段都谈到了大脑运动和抉择之间的关系，并提出人们在冒险和渑慎的时
候动用的是大脑中的不同部位。第5 段的发现与这两段基本一致，故选A 第2 段只是提到经济学家幵始
进行相关研究，并没有任何结论.故可排除C ;而第6 段进一步阐述第5 段的观点，认为抉择与大脑的不同
部分联系，故 D 不对。
10. 丨.4丨【解析】A 意为神经经济学的发现可以测试性格，以便更加了解自己，这在文中没有提及，故选A :
11. [ C ] 【解析】最后一段列举了神经经济学家除脑部扫描外的几种实验方法.然后指出某些专业词汇是否会令
经济学家感兴趣吗；最后谈及一些人对这一学科实用价值的质疑字里行间表现出作者对神经经济学意
义的关注，故选C 。
Passage Four
12. [ C ] 【解析】第 1 段末句说威廉斯疯了似地跺脚，使用了夸张的修辞手法，并不是说真疯了，故选C 。第 2 段首
句提到，邻居去年开始偷他的牛，A 符合文意；B 与第2 段第2 句一致;D 与第2 段第3 句相符。
13. | D 1 【解析】题目询问农牧民搬迁的原因，D “牛仔文化的消失”不是原因，而是结果，故选D 第 5 段第3 句列
举了地价上涨、房货抵押增高、政府规定日趋严格这= 点原因，A , B 、C 三项是对原文的同义替换。
14. | A j 【解析】最后一句提到，年纪较大的牛仔还不知道该干什么。在理解全文的基础我们可以判断作者楚
在为他们的前景担忧，上升至对整个牛仔文化的逐渐消失担忧。因此,A “对牛仔文化的未来担忧”正确: B
是最后一句话的字面意义，而不是隐含意义，故排除;C 的基调与通篇表现出来的作者对牛仔生活的关切
以及对牛仔文化消失的失望矛盾，所以也要排除；D 没有根据， 过度推测
SECTION B
Passage One
15. The 1996 Dunblane massacre.
【解析】根据题目中的gun-control laws in the world定位到第4 段第1 句。该句说自从1996年的杜布兰大语杀
之后，英国曾制定了世界上最严厉的枪械管制法规。可见是1996年的杜布兰大W 杀促成了那吟法规的制
定，故答案为 The 1996 Dunblane massacre
16. The police, parents, community leaders and social workers.
【解析】最后一段倒数第3 句提到，为了严厉镇压持枪犯罪的风气.警方应该坚持要求家长、社区负责人和社会工
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• •Part © 7 6 篇阅读模拟集训
作者都参与其中可见需一起努力减少# 少年枪支犯罪的人有鰲方、家长、社区负责人和社会工作者，故答
案为 The police，parents, community leaders and social workers〇
Passage Two
17. The value of education.
【解析】全文从人们对教育的错误认识谈起，谈到人们只追求教育对经济的作用，而忽略了教育传承知识的真正价
值。然后展开谈了教t 的价值，圾后指出了一些问题。全文围绕教育的价值，故答案为The value of ed
ucation 〇
Passage Three
18. To create an illusion of reward and encourage risk taking.
【解析】第 1 段首句提到，拉斯维加斯利用Flashing lights and ring bells来营造奖励的错觉，以此鼓励人们胃险。
该句的不定式短语是目的，可理解为利用闪烁的霓虹灯和高分贝的铃声的原因，故答案为To create an
illusion of reward and encourage risk taking
19. They will be more likely to take a foolish risk.
【解析】根据题目中的Camelia and Brian定位到第3 段最后一句。该句have found后面的宾语从句是两个研究
者卡米拉和布莱恩的研究发现，句末的this kind of activation指的是该段段首的a “positive arousal
state ”，即“积极激发状态"，题0 中的when their brains are excited是对此语义的同义表达，可见当人
们大脑兴奋时，他们更容鉍做出一些愚蠢的胃险行为，答案为They will be more likely to take a
foolish risk。
Passage Four
20. Because the owner of the land wants to build condos.
【解析】第 3 段倒数第3 句提到，Knox要搬走的原因是地的主人要在那里建公寓，答案可以直接为Because the
owner of the land wants to build condos〇
21. A cheeky attempt to commercialize a real and vanishing culture.
【解析】根据题目中的“American Ranch-style”定位到第7 段。该段首句提到，农场主认为旅游业试图让一个行将
消失的、真正意义上的文化成为商品，而“American Ranch-style” homes是旅游业的一部分，可见答案为A
cheeky attempt to commercialize a real and vanishing culture 〇
22. Considering their options carefully.
【解析】最后一段提及了牛仔们的不同打算据此可推断，weigh up their options是比较自己的选择、仔细考虑出
路的意思，故答案为 Considering their options carefully。
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• •SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section there are four passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple
choice question, there are four suggested answers marked Af C and IX Choose the one that you think is
the best answer.
Passage One
(l)Imagine yourself lying in bed, your mind in turmoil. You toss and turn, hut
sleep won't come. Maybe a bedtime snack would help. What should you choose? If
you think first of toaster waffles or popcorn, some experts would say you're on the
right track. Foods high in complex carbohydrates—such as cereals, potatoes，pasta,
crackers, or rice cakes—make many people relaxed and drowsy.
(2) Missed that one? Try again. Suppose the weather’s rotten，you forgot your homework，and your best
friends mad at you. What's good medicine when you're feeling low? A sugary cola or candy may give you a
quick lift，but you’ll crash just as quickly. Better choices may be Brazil nuts (for selenium), skim milk (for
calcium), or a spinach salad (for folic acid). In research studies, all three of those nutrients have been shown
to lift spirits and battle the blues.
(3) Try one more. You have a math test coming up in the afternoon. You want to be sharp, but you
usually feel sleepy after lunch. Is your best choice an energy fix of fries and a shake or a broiled chicken
breast and low-fat yogurt? If you pick the high-fat fries and shake, you may feel sluggish and blow that test.
The protein-rich chicken and yogurt are better choices. Protein foods energize, some experts say.
(4) How does food affect mood and mind? The answer may lie in the chemistry of the brain and nervous
system. Molecules called neurotransmitters are chemical messengers. They carry a nerve impulse across the gap
between nerve cells. The release of neurolransmitter molecules from one neuron and their attachment to recep
tor sites on another keep a nerve impulse moving.
(5) Nerve impulses carry messages from the environment to the brain, for example, the pain you feel when
you stub your toe. They also carry messages in the other direction, from the brain to the muscles. That's why
you back away from the obstacle that initiated the pain signal and exclaim, MOuch!"
(6) “Many neurotransmitters are built from the foods we eat，" says neuroscientist Eric Chudler of the Uni
versity of Washington. Too little or too much of a particular nutrient in the diet can affect their production,
Chudler says. For example, tryptophan from foods such as yogurt, milk，bananas, and eggs is required for the
production of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Phenylalanine from beets, almonds, eggs, meat，and grains goes in
to making the neurotransmitter dopamine.
(7) Dozens of neurotransmitters are known; hundreds may exist. Their effects depend on their amounts and
where they work in the brain. The neurotransmitter serotonin, for example, is thought to produce feelings of
calmness, relaxation，and contentment. Drugs that prevent its reuptake (into the neuron that released it) are
prescribed to treat depression. In at least some healthy, non-depressed people, carbohydrate foods seem to en
hance serotonin production and produce similar effects. **It is the balance between different neurotransmitters
that helps regulate mood,” Chudler says.
(8) Proper nulrition may also enhance brainpower. Choline is a substance similar to the B vitamins. It's
found in egg yolks, whole wheat, peanuts, milk, green peas, liver, beans, seafood, and soybeans. The brain
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• •Part® 76篇阅读模拟集训
uses it to make the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. To test the effects of choline on memory and learning,
researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology gave memory tests to college students before increasing
the amount of choline in their subjects’ diets. Later，they retested. On the average，memories were better, and
the students learned a list of unrelated words more easily.
⑼ “W e ’re just scratching the surface in this field,” says Larry Christensen, a psychologist at the
University of South Alabama, 44but we know that there are definite behavioral effects of diet/* There's a lot to
learn, and future research may reveal more about the chemistry of mood, brain, and nutrition. Until then, it
makes sense to choose healthy foods that nourish both body and mind.
1. According to the passage, might be the best food choice when one feels nervous and wants to
fall asleep. .
A. candy B. spaghetti C. Brazil nuts D. yogurt
2. Which of the following is NOT true about neurotransmitters, according to the passage?
A. Many of them are built from what we eat.
B. The amount of particular nutrients affects their production.
C. Hundreds of them are already known.
D. Their effects depend on their amount & position in brain.
3. According to the passage, choline .
A. is a kind of the B vitamins B. can be found in every type of food
C. has definite positive effects on learning D. may help memorizing more easily
Passage Two 1
(1) One of the unresolved—and rather bitter一disputes in evolutionary biology is
主 题：语言文化 between the creeps and the jerks. The creeps (so dubbed by the jerks) think that
字 数:516 evolutionary change is gradual. The jerks (so dubbed by the creeps) think it happens
建议用时:7分钟 in sudden jumps that are separated by long periods of stasis.
(2) Probably，both are true. Work done a couple of years ago by Mark Pagel of
Reading University, in England, suggests that about a fifth of evolutionary change happens jerkily at around the
time new species form. The rest creeps in gradually over the millennia.
(3) Species，however, are not the only things that evolve. Languages do too. And in the current edition of
Science，Dr. Pagel and his colleagues publish evidence that they do so in a way which looks intriguingly
similar to what happens in species.
(4) There was already some historical evidence for this. The English of Geoffrey Chaucer (bom in the
14th century), for example, is incomprehensible to modem laymen, whereas that of William Shakespeare
(bom in the 16th) is not only comprehensible but held by some to be a model. Dr. Pagel, however, wanted to
examine the question systematically and to include languages with no literary history in his analysis.
(5) To do so he looked at three well-studied parts of the linguistic family tree: the Bantu languages of
Africa，the Indo-European group from Eurasia and the Austronesians of the Pacific. In all three cases it is
pretty clear how the branches connect up, even if it is not always obvious when particular splits occurred.
(6) Dr. Pagel did not，however, need to know that. He only needed to know the shape of the tree. That
was because his hypothesis was that if linguistic evolution is jerky, the jerks will happen at the points where
languages split—the equivalent of species splits in biological evolution. The way to test that is to track back
along the branches leading from each existing language, and count the number of splits on each path before
you get to the common ancestor of all.
(7) His hypothesis turned out to be correct. Languages are formed not, it seems, by a gradual drifting apart
of two groups who no longer talk to each other, but by violent rupture. Around a third of the vocabulary
differences between modem Bantu speakers arose this way，around a fifth of the differences between speakers
• 297 •专八阅读.
*
of Indo-European languages, and around a tenth of the Austronesians. That compares with around a fifth for
biological species.
(8)A11 this suggests that the formation of both languages and species is an active process. For species,
adaptations to novel environments and the need to avoid crossbreeding with those on the other side of the split
are both plausible hypotheses. For languages, the explanation may be a cultural rather than biological need to
distinguish populations. As Noah Webster, the compiler of the first American dictionary, put it: “as an
independent nation, our honor requires us to have a system of our own, in language as well as government.H
In other words, if you don't speak proper, you aren't one of us.
4. The first three paragraphs seem to imply that languages evolve .
A. “jerkily” • B. “creepily”
C. both “jerkily” and “creepily” D. neither “jerkily” nor “creepily”
5. The role of the fourth paragraph in the development of the topic is .
A. to compare the English of Geoffrey Chaucer and William Shakespeare
B. to show that language also evolve by drawing on an example
C. to offer evidence to the previous paragraph and introduce the next ones
D. to provide a contrast to the previous paragraph and introduce the next ones
6. What do we learn about Dr. Fagcl and his study, according to the passage?
A. He studied languages without literary history.
B. Three understudied languages were involved in his study.
C. He only knew the shape of the linguistic family tree.
D. The hypothesis of the study was overthrown.
7. According to the passage, the formation of languages is for the _______.
A. adaptation to the new environments B. need to avoid crossbreeding
C. biological need to distinguish populations D. cultural need to distinguish populations
Passage Three
(l)It was an autumn morning shortly after my husband and I moved into our
主 题：生活 first house. Our children were upstairs unpacking，and I was looking out the window
字 数:663 at my father moving around mysteriously on the front lawn. My parents lived nearby,
建议用时:9分钟 and Dad had visited us several times already. ‘What are you doing out there?” I I
L-----------------
called to him.
(2) He looked up, smiling. “I’m making you a surprise.M Knowing my father, I thought it could be just
about anything. A self-employed jobber, he was always building things out of odds and ends. When we were
kids, he once rigged up a jungle gym out of wheels and pulleys. For one of my Halloween parlies, he created
an electrical pumpkin and mounted it on a broomstick. As guests came to our door, he would light the pump
kin and have it pop out in front of them from a hiding place in the bushes.
(3) Today, however, Dad would say no more, and, caught ups in the busyness of our new life, I eveennttually
forgot about his surprise.
(4) Until one raw day the following March when I glanced out the window. Dismal. Overcast. Little piles
of dirty snow still stubbornly littering the lawn, would winter ever end?
(5) And yet... was it a mirage? I strained to see what I thought was something pink，miraculously peeking
out of a drift. And was that a dot of blue across the yard, a small note of optimism in this gloomy expanse?
I grabbed my coat and headed outside for a closer look.
(6) They were crocuses, scattered whimsically throughout the front lawn. Lavender, blue, yellow and my fa
vorite pink— little faces bobbing in the bitter wind.
(7) Dad. I smiled，remembering the bulbs he had secretly planted last autumn. He knew how the darkness
298
• •and dreariness of winter always got me down. What could have been more perfectly timed，more attuned to
my needs? How blessed I was, not only for the flowers but for him.
(8) M y father's crocuses bloomed each spring for the next four or five seasons, bringing that same assur
ance every time they arrived: Hard times almost over. Hold on, keep going, light is coming soon.
(9) Then a spring came with only half the usual blooms. The next spring there were none. I missed the
crocuses, but my life was busier than ever, and I had never been much of a gardener. I would ask Dad to
come over and plant new bulbs. But I never did.
(10) He died suddenly one October day. M y family grieved deeply, leaning on our faith. I missed him terri
bly, though I knew he would always be a part of us.
(11) Four years passed, and on a dismal spring afternoon I was running errands and found myself feeling
depressed. You've got the winter blahs again, I told myself. You get them every year.
(12) It was Dad's birthday, and I found myself thinking about him. This was not unusual—my family often
talked about him, remembering how he lived his faith. Once I saw him give his coat to a homeless man. Of
ten he'd chat with strangers, and if he learned they were poor and hungry, he would invite them home for a
meal. But now, in the car, I could not help wondering: How is he now? Where is he? Is there really a heaven?
(13) 1 felt guilty for having doubts, but sometimes, I thought as I turned into our driveway, faith is so
hard.
(14) Suddenly I slowed，stopped and stared at the lawn. Muddy grass and small gray mounds of melting
snow. And there, bravely waving in the wind, was one pink crocus.
(15) How could a flower bloom from a bulb more than 18 years old, one that had not blossomed in over
a decade? But there was the crocus. Tears filled my eyes as I realized its significance.
(16) Hold on, keep going, light is coming soon. The pink crocus bloomed for only a day. But it built my
faith for a lifetime.
8. According to the first three paragraphs, _________.
A. the author was unpacking when her father was making the surprise
B. the author knew what the surprise was because she knew her father
C. it was not the first time that the author’s father had made a surprise
D. it kept bothering the author not knowing what the surprise was
9. Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage?
A. The author’s father planted the crocus to lift the author’s low spirit.
B. The crocuses bloomed each spring before the author's father died.
C. The author often thought about her father since her father died.
D. The author’s father probably died 14 years after he planted the crocus.
10. The author’s father should be best described as _______.
A. a full-time gardener with skillful hands B. a part-time jobber who loved flowers
C. a kind-hearted man who lived with faith D. an ordinary man with doubts in his life
Passage Four
^ (l)Directors of Occidental Petroleum Corp. want to keep Chief Executive Ray R.
主 题：商业与经济
Irani safe. So they spent $774,756 last year on home-alarm systems and around-the-
字 数：716 clock security guards for the CEO. “W e live in dangerous times，” a company
建议用时：11分钟 spokesman says. “Executives from oil-and-gas companies have been threatened
and abducted.”
(2)Directors of Valero Energy Corp., a rival oil concern with more than four times Occidental’s revenue，
aren’t as worried. Their spending on security for C E O William R. Klesse last year totaled just $239 for a
home-alarm monitoring service, a perquisite recently extended to all Valero workers. Bill Day, a spokesman,
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• •专八阅读
notes the company isn’t well known.
(3) The disparity in security spending for big-company CEOs emerged in an analysis of 247 recent proxy
statements for The Wall Street Journal by James F. Reda & Associates, a New York pay consultancy. The dif
ferences reflect risk assessments by outside security advisers, a CEO's tenure and whether a company is in
volved in high-risk regions, experts say. The 247 companies represent ihe Fortune 3(M) companies that had filed
their latest proxies at the time of the analysis.
(4) For the most generous boards, it*s almost like an arms race as directors demonstrate how critical their
chief executive is to the company/* says Mark Borges, a pay consultant at Compensia Inc. in San Jose. Calif.
⑸ Of the proxies reviewed, 91 companies reported security expenses to protect their CEOs, and 56 of
those specified an amount. Some companies don't disclose a dollar figure because it is below reporting thresh
olds; others count security as an ordinary business expense. The Securities and Exchange Commission considers
security al an executive’s residence or during personal travel a perquisite that should be disclosed if the value
reaches a certain threshold.
(6) Corporate spending on C E O security may be more prevalent than the survey indicates. Bob Duggan,
president of Executive Security International, a training firm in Aspen, Colo.， figures at least 75 American
CEOs have round-the-clock protection, three times as many as a decade ago.
(7) The biggest spender in Reda's study was Oracle Corp. The software maker paid about $1.7 million in the
year ended May 31, 2(K)7, mainly for guards at residences of Lawrence Ellison，its billionaire C E O and founder.
Board members support the outlays because he's so impi^rtant to Oracle, the latest proxy states. It also says Mr.
Ellison paid to install and maintain his home-security systems. Oracle declined to comment.
(8) Next up was Limited Brands Inc., which spent $1.25 million in the year ended Feb. 2 to protect CE O
Leslie Wexner，who founded the Columbus, Ohio，retailer in 1963. The total includes an unspecified amount
for his personal use of corporate aircraft, which the company requires.
(^Limited's proxy lacks other details, but people familiar with the situation say the tab covers security for
Mr. Wexner’s 22,371-square-foot home on a 3⑻ -acre estate in nearby New Albany, as well as for other homes
and a yacht. The proxy says directors approved the spending because of **the risks associated with Mr. Wexn-
er’s role and position.” The executive, a prominent Jewish philanthropist, “has been the target of specific
threats/* an informed individual says. Founder CEOs often become targets of specific threats identified with
their religion, the person said. Mr. Wexner declined to comment.
(10) Such justifications for shelling out big bucks to protect corporate chiefs don't sway some activist in
vestors. 44Security has become a convenient excuse for getting shareholders to pick up the cost for the CEO^s
lifestyle,” complains Richard Ferlauto, director of corporate governance and pension investment at the American
Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees.
(11) Other retailers don't spend as much. Macy’s Inc. reported spending $86,956 during the year ended Feb.
2 to protect C E O Terry J. Lundgren. The amount covers a specially equipped SUV driven by a security pro
fessional for his commute, personal use and certain business trips. "The benefit, recommended by a consul
tant, ensures the safety of Mr. Lundgren, who maintains a significant public role，" the Cincinnati retailer says
in its proxy.
(12) Six companies that reported spending on C E O security in 2006 didn't divulge any expense last year,
Reda found. They include International Paper Co., whose directors spent $52,000 in 2006 to install a home-
security system for C E O John V. Faraci after the company’s headquarters moved to Memphis，Tenn. Mr. Faraci
pays for the ongoing monitoring, spokeswoman Patty Neuhoff says.
11. The difference in security spending for big-company CEOs is due to all of the following factors EX
CEPT _______•
A. risk evaluations by security advisers B. the term of office of a C E O
C. company's involvement in high-risk regions D. the nature of the company
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• •Part ® 76篇阅读模拟集训
12. According to description in the passage, we learn that .
A. security spending has almost been like an arms race
B. most companies reported security expenses to protect their CEOs
C. more CEOs nowadays are enjoying round-the-clock protection
I), over half of the companies specified an amount of the security spending
13. According to (he passage, the risks that a CEO might face are associated with all of the following
EXCEPT _______•
A. the C E O ’s role B. the C E O ’s position
C. C E O ’s religious belief D. C E O ’s political belief
14. Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage?
A. Companies' security spending on their CEOs correlates with their business size.
B. Increasing security spending reveals the importance of a C E O to a company.
C. Security spending has become an ordinary business expense for some companies.
D. Founder CEOs often face specific threats that are brought about by religious issues.
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
In this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each
question in NO more than 10 words.
Passage One
15. What does the phrase ubattle the blues** in the second paragraph mean?
16. What kind of foods can make one feel more determined and energetic?
17. What is the main idea of this passage?
Passage Two
18. W hat was the goal of Dr. FagePs study about language evolution?
Passage Three
19. Why was the author in low mood in winter?
20. What was crocus viewed as by the author?
Passage Four
21. What was the extra benefit Valero workers share with their CEO?
22. W hat does the word “sway” in the 10th paragraph mean?
<^案与详解
SECTION A
■ Passage One
1.丨B】【解析】第丨段末句的relaxed and drowsy表明破折号引出的食物能使人感到放松和闲倦，其中的食物pasta
表示“意大利面食”，而B 的spaghetti意为“意大利细面条”，由此可知spaghetti属于pasta的一种，因此选
B A 中的candy出 现 第 2 段第5 句，它是想要•怙绪高涨时的一种不大好的选押-;C的Brazil nuts是该段
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• .专八阅读
第6 句说的想要情绪高涨时的较好选择；D 的yogurt是第3 段提到的想要梢神饱满的较好选择，这三项都
不符合题意。 ‘ .
2. 丨C 丨【解析j 第 7 段首句表明，为人所知的神经递质有几十种，而 hundreds是实际可能存在的数目，C 与该句的
表述不符，故选C 。A 与第6 段首句相符;B 与第6 段第2 句相符；D 与第7 段第2 句相符。
3. [D|【解析】倒数第2 段最后三句表明，麻省理工学院记忆实验证明学生的记忆力在食用了增加choline的食物
后有所提高，即choline可能对提高记忆力有帮助，因此选D 。A 与倒数第2 段第2 句不符；B 中的every过
于绝对，且与倒数第2 段第3 句不符;C 中的definite过于绝对，应排除。
Passage Two
4 . 【C 】【解析】第 1 段提到关于物种进化的两种对立的观点，即渐进式进化（the creeps)和突然跳跃式进化(the
jerks);而第2 段中讲到，研究表明这两种观点都可能是正确的；第3 段则指出语言的进化与物种的进化方
式很相似，即语言既是渐进式地(creepily)又是突然跳跃式地(jerkily)进化，故选C 。
5. [ C ] 【解析】第 4 段首句提到已有史实证明上文提到的语言进化与物种进化相似这一点，随后描述了这一史
实；而末句则提到Pagel博士想要进行的研究，从而引出下文对Pagel博士的研究的描述。因此，第4 段起到
承上启下的作用，故选C 。A 、B 属于对第4 段内容的概括;D 中的contrast表述不对。
6. [A】【解析】A 中的without literary history是对第4•段末句中的with no literary history的同义改写，A 符合文
意，故选A 。B 中的understudied与第5 段首句中的well-studied意思相反;C 中的only knew与第6 段第2
句中的only needed to kno w 的表述大相径庭；D 中的overthrown与第7 段首句中的turned out to be
correct意思相反。
7. [D ]【解析】® 后一段提到，语言和物种的形成都是活跃的过程，而语言的形成是区分人群文化上的耑要，故得
出答案为D 。A 和B 是物种形成的原因，C 与文意不符，均排除。
Passage Three
8. 1C】【解析】文章前三段讲述作者全家搬入他们第一处住宅，而她父亲在为她准备一份惊喜。C 符合第2 段的描
述，故选C 。A 与第1 段第2 句的描述不符;B 、D 与第3 段的描述不符。
9. 丨B 丨【解析丨第9 段第2 句表明那年春天番红花一株都没有开，而结合该段倒数第2 句可知当时作者的父亲还
在人世，故可知B 的推测不对，应选B 。A 符合第7 段的描述;C 符合第1()段及第12段的描述；D 可以从
第丨1 段中的“4 年过去了”及第15段的“18年前种下的……”推理得出，故均不选。
10. 丨C j 【解析】从第丨2 段中的lived his faith、他助人为乐的例子以及文中其他各段关于作者父亲为人处事的方
式可以fl■出父亲kind-hearted和lived with faith,故选C 而排除D:,从第2 段可知，作者的父亲是a self
employed jobber, W 此 A 、B 均不符合原文。
Passage Four
11. 丨1)丨【解 析 丨 第 3 段第2 句提到.security spending的差异原因来自于外部顾问机构的风险评估、首席执行官的
任期、公司是否在高风险地区有业务，只有D 在文中未提及，故选IX A 、B 、C 在文中并列出现注意tenure
与term of office意思相近3
12. 丨C 】【解析1 第6 段末句提到，享受全天保安服务的首席执行官比10年前增加了两倍,C 符合文意，故为答案。
第4 段提到，那些最大方的振?P 会简直把保安开支搞成军备竞赛，而不是所有公司都这样，故排除A;第3
段提到的247家公司中，有9 1 家（第5 段）会报告保安开支，并只有5 6 家公布具体数额，故排除B 、D 。
13. [ D 1 【解析丨第9 段提到，首席执行官的角色、地位和宗教信仰是他们受到某些威胁的相关因素，而 D 的政治
信仰在文章中没有提及，故选D 。A 、B 在原文并列出现，可以同时排除。该段出现了 C 中的religious的名
词形式religion,据此也不难排除C 。
14• 丨A 1 【解析】第 2 段最后两句提到，Valero Energy Corp•的发言人说公司还不是很知名，所以给首席执行官的
保安花费并不多，这观点只是该发言人的看法，且该段第1 句提到它的收人比Occidenta丨高出只倍有余，
故不能由此推断出保安支出与生意大小有关，应选A 。第 4 段提到莆事会以增加保安开支来诚示酋席执
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• •Part❿ 76篇阅读模拟集训
行官的重要，第 7 段也提到Oracle Corp.批准保安开支的原因是埃里森太重要,B 符合文意;C 符合第5 段
—些公司将保安开支列为一般性业务费用的表述；D 符合第9 段公司创始人的首席执行官们经常会受到
与他们信仰的宗教有关的威胁的表述。
SECTION B
Passage One
15. To resist the low mood.
【解析】第 2 段末句中的battle the blues与 lift spirits并列出现，可知battle the blues与lift spirits“提萵情绪"意
思相近。而 battle在此处意为“抵抗”,blues意为“忧郁”,故答案为To resist the low mood。
16. Protein ones.
【解析】第 3 段末句提到一些专家说蛋白质食品给人们提供能量。解答本题的关键是要理解原文该句谓语动词
energize的词义，题目中的make one feel more determined and energetic正是对该词的深入理解，可见该
句主语为答案，为了避免重复，最好用ones代替foods作答，即答案为Protein ones。
17. Food affects mood and mind.
【解析】前三段用几个具体的例子讲了食物对情绪的影响，第4 段用How does food affect mood and mind?来从
科学的角度分析了食物对情绪与思维的影响，可见本文主旨是Food affects mood and mind。
Passage Two
18. To examine its question systematically.
【解析】第 5 段首句开头的To do so表明Dr. Pagel的研究目的已在第4 段提及，回头査找第4 段末句可知Dr.
Page丨的目的之一是想要系统地研究这个问题，即上文提到的语言的进化问题，故答案为To study its
question systematically。to include languages with no literary history 是 Dr. Pagel 研究的第二个目的，但
与题目中的language evolution无关，故非答案。
Passage Three
19. Because of the darkness and dreariness of the season.
【解析】第4 段末句、第 7 段第3 句以及第11段最后两句分别提到作者在一年中的winter会觉得情绪低落，题目
中的in low m o o d 是对第7 段第3 句中的got... d o w n 的同义改写，该句说是万物调零的冬天（the
darkness and dreariness of winter)使得作者有这种情绪，可见答案为 Because of the darkness and
dreariness of the season 〇
20. The symbol of faith.
【解析】第 8 段提到，番红花给作者带来坚持不懈的信念；而最后一段也提到，粉红色的番红花给作者带来一生的
信念。由此可知，作者眼中的番红花是信念的象征，因此答案为The symbol of faith。
Passage Four
21. A home-alarm monitoring service.
【解析】根据题目中的Valero workers定位到第2 段第2 句。该句说Valero公司的首席执行官保安支出只是花费
区区239美元装了个家庭报聱监控装置；而这项补贴政策现已惠及公司所有员X 。题目中的extra benefit
与原文perquisite语义相近，而原文该词作a home-alarm monitoring service的同位语，对其进一步解释：
公司员工与C E O 享有同样的安保，可见答案正是A home-alarm monitoring service。
22. To convince.
【解析】第 10段首句提到，对花费如此大笔资金保护公司首脑所作的辩辞并不能sway—些维权投资者；接着第2
句提到，保安开支已经成为一些公司动辄拿来一用的excuse。从 sway — 词的下文语气中，尤其是excuse
这个同，可以看出投资者对该做法的不满，即辩辞不能使投资者信服，因此答案为To convince。
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• •SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section there are four passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple
choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is
the best answer.
Passage One
f^ \
(1) When times are good, they are very, very good for consultants. But when
主 题：商业咨询
they are bad, they are horrid. As the economy stalled in 2009，the global consulting
字 数：748
industry shrank by 9.1%. It was the worst year since at least 1982, according to
建议用时：丨0分钟
Kennedy Information, an industry monitor.
^ ^
----------------- —
(2) Now the kids are back in the conference rooms. Companies that shelved plans
during the recession are dusting them off and looking for help. And the work is more cheerful. When bosses
did hire consultants in 2(K)9, 87% of projects were aimed at cutting costs rather than boosting growth, says
Kennedy. This year, just 47% of project spending will be on cutting costs. The rest will go on growth plans,
from mergers to installing new computer systems. But not all will benefit equally.
⑶ Consulting is a diverse industry. Best known are the elite strategy consultancies such as McKinsey &
Co, the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) and Bain. Firms such as A T Kearney, Booz & Company and Oliver
Wyman do the same sort of work but are smaller. A second category comprises the consulting units of the
Big Four accounting firms — PwC, Deloitte, K P M G and Ernst & Young. All but Deloitte shed their consulting
units in the early 2(KK)s, amid post-Enron fears of conflict-of-interest, but have since grown new ones. A third
group consists of technology firms with big consulting businesses, such as IBM and Hewlett-Packard, which
focus on installing and inlegrating computer systems. Finally, some consultants arc hard to distinguish from
pure outsourcing firms.
(4) Strategy consulting, the mosl famous variety, is also the most controversial. *4I like to con people. And nd
I like to insult people. If you combine 4con* and 4insult*, you get consult/* observes Dogbert, a comic-strip
character. Many firms share this harsh view of the highly paid advisers who walk in and tell them to re-invent
their businesses. Spending on strategy consulting is expected to grow by an annual average of just 1.1% to
2014 (it currently accounts for 12% of all spending on consulting). But more ordinary work is booming.
Kennedy forecasts that consulting on operations-management (advice on how to do the same things betler) will
grow by 5.1% a year, that on IT by 3.9% and that on personnel by 4.0%, between 2010 and 2014.
(5) Norlh America invented the strategic consultant, but appears not to need many more. Western Europe
seems satiated，too. Companies are now packed with MBA-holding bosses，many of them former consultants.
Well-run companies still know when they need outside expertise, which is why strategy consulting is far from
dead. But it is increasingly overshadowed by the less glamorous variety. Small wonder, then，that the strategy
houses are competing for that work. B C G was one of just three big firms to grow (by about 3%) in 2000.
and had a good 2010, expanding by some 12%. It is expecting an even better 2012, with 15% growth. One
reason is rapid growth in emerging markets. But BCG, like the other strategy firms, has also made money by
grabbing a larger share of MdownstreamM work.
(6) This is bringing the strategy shops into competition with the biggest players: the Big Four audit firms.
They are buying specialist firms in areas such as technology and health care, thus expanding their size and
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• •Part ® 76篇阅读樓拟集训
reach by both specialism and geography. In America they are forbidden from selling consulting to their audit
clients. But elsewhere the rules are looser, giving the Big Four a potential “one'stop-shop” offer. Everywhere,
they have scale that impresses clients. But those clients are driving harder bargains.
(7) In the past two decades most consulting finns have attached many junior consultants to projects with
just a few senior people and partners, moving this amiy into the clients, offices and billing for as many hours
as possible. But increasingly, clients are refusing to pay for junior staff s on-the-job training. Instead, they are
asking for fewer and better consultants and setting them to work alongside their own staff.
(8) In short, consulting is looking less like a licence to print money and more like temporary labour.
Clients can bypass the big names and hire consultancies such as Eden McCallum, a British firm that packages
teams of experienced independent consultants, or Point B，an American firm that provides only a project
manager，letting the client select the team. Big consulting firms (with their big brands) can probably coexist
with smaller operators. But midsized firms, which cannot command the same fees and loyalty as the big boys,
are feeling the squeeze.
1. Which of the following is N O T the purpose of consulting projects?
A. To reduce costs. B. To enhance development.
C. To manage operations. D. To remodel business.
2. Ho w many types of consulting companies are there in the consulting industry?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
3. Which of the following statements is true according to the fifth paragraph?
A. Strategy consulting firms are no longer needed.
B. Strategy consulting business thrives in Europe.
C. Strategy consultants are in great demand.
D. Some proportion of strategy consulting has been occupied by its peers.
4. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Big Four?
A. They have acquired companies in technological field.
B. They can offer consulting service to their audit clients anywhere.
C. They have their own consulting branch.
D. They are globally-operated firms.
Passage Two
(l)One of the Labour Party's many transformations during Tony Blair's leader
主 题：政治与环境 ship was its conversion to environmentalism. A party with its roots in dirty，heavy
字 数 ：845 industry such as coal-mines and blast-fumaces presented itself as an eco-friendly
建议用时：12分钟 guardian of the planet's future. The most visible form of this was a commitment,
in Labour’s 1997 manifesto, to cut 20% off British greenhouse-gas emissions by
2010 compared with their 1991) levels. That went above and beyond the 12.5% required by the Kyoto treaty.
(2) This pledge has been repeated as recently as the last election, but the promises have not stood up to
reality. Since 1999, British greenhouse-gas emissions have been broadly unchanged. Disillusionment among
environmentalists has gradually given way to an anger which found an attention-grabbing means of expression
this week，when Greenpeace dumped a lorry-load of coal outside Downing Street. Stephen Tindale，its boss and
a former government adviser, accused Mr. Blair of empty rhetoric.
(3) So far. Britain has had an easy ride cutting emissions. The rhythm of technological change and
relatively painless policy choices have helped put the country on course to meet its Kyoto obligations. In an
attempt to rescue the 20% target, ministers have ordered a policy review. The review acknowledged that cutting
emissions further will be hard.
(4) Power generation is a good example of why. The government's "flagship policyM on climate change has
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• •been to offer subsidies to renewable energy. But much of the cut in emissions predates these handouts and
owed more to economy than ecology. Newly liberalized electricity firms replaced old, dirty coal-fired power
plants with new, clean gas-fired ones in the “dash for gas” in the 1990s because they were cheaper，not
because they were cleaner—that was just a happy coincidence.
(5) Industry already bears the brunt of Britain's climate commitments through the Climate Change Levy, a
tax on energy use, and the European Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS)，which allocates tradable emissions
limits for firms. Introducing new restrictions will be politically difficult. Ministers tacitly acknowledged as much
last year, when they bowed to industry pressure to seek a rise, in Britain's European emissions allowances.
(6) So, too, in transport, where emissions have risen by 10% since 1990 and which now accounts for a
quarter of Britain's greenhouse-gas output. Most of the emissions come from road transport, but motorists face
only weak incentives to buy carbon-friendly cars (the difference in road tax between the most and least
efficient is only £115 a year). Labour has been scared of the road lobby ever since the fuel protests of 2(KK),
which brought the country to a halt and ended the policy of annual fuel-tax rises_ the one measure that might
curb emissions. Ministers says they want to bring airlines into the ETS, but that would require Europe-wide
cooperation.
(7) Many greens pin their hopes on energy efficiency. Many people have already installed insulation and
double-glazing，but more is to be done. Higher efficiency standards for new buildings will help, but will take
many decades to affect the overall efficiency of Britain’s dwellings and workplaces. Other savings from
conservation tend to call for new habits, which William Blyth，an environmental analyst at Chatham House,
reckons will make them difficult to realise. Others worry about the “rebound effect”一that, while conservation
saves money，the gains are spent on such polluting activities as, say, holidaying abroad, which offset much of
the environmental benefit.
(8) Mr Blair's domestic reputation is not the only thing at stake. He has been using Britain's presidency of
the G8 rich nations’ club to harangue other global leaders on the need for a successor treaty to Kyoto.
Preliminary discussions are due to begin later this month at a summit in Montreal. If Mr Blair cannot present
a plausible plan to meet his domestic goals, he will be robbed of international credibility.
(9) That would be a blow for the prime minister, who is keen to play a part in the delicate negotiations
for a new treaty. Besides, a lack of progress in the talks would make it harder for him to impose the policies
he needs to defend his domestic targets. Businesses will object to strict regulations without the prospect of their
international competitors in America, China and India knuckling under. And while the public claims to be wor
ried about climate change, its concern runs only so deep. A recent poll from the Stockholm Network, a group
of European think-tanks, found that while 94% of Britons thought climate change was important, 62% put eco
nomic growth before carbon reduction. In other words, a unilateral carbon-reduction policy is unworkable.
(10) A draft document is not the same thing as government policy, but the signs are not encouraging. The
review has 58 separate recommendations, making it seem more a set of quick fixes than a coherent policy.
These range from the sensible，but difficult (tightening ETS allocations) to gimmicks (stricter enforcement of
speed limits on motorways). The draft admits that, even if all of them are adopted, Britain may still miss its
target. Mr Blair has been an evangelist on climate change. Now comes the big test of his resolve.
5. Greenpeace dumped a lorry-load of coal outside Downing Street to _____ •
A. arouse public attention to the use of coal
B. block the government ministers' way to work
C. criticize Tony Blair's lack of action in cutting British green-house gas emissions
D. demonstrate that the British Labour Party's 1997 Manifesto was against the Kyoto treaty
6. What does the word “harangue” mean in the eighth paragraph?
A. To call upon. B. To preach to. C. To teach. D. To guide.
7. It is suggested in the passage that Britain .
A. should take advantage of its presidency of the G8 to change emission standards
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• •Part❿ 76篇阅读模拟集训
B. would undermine its own position in the G8 if its domestic environment policy fails
C. has disagreement with other developed countries on emission standards
D. is faced with a government crisis over the issue of green-house gas emissions
8. The author thinks that .
A. Britain will be faced with another energy crisis
B. Tony Blair will lose his domestic credibility
C. the Labour's 1997 manifesto will fail
D. the transport industry is key to greenhouse emission cutting
Passage Three
— ^
(l)The most complex object known to humanity is the human brain— and not
主 题：科学研究
only is it complex, but it is the seat of one of the few natural phenomena that
字
数:633
science has no purchase on at all, namely consciousness. To try to replicate something
建议用时：10分钟
kt-------------- 」 that is so poorly understood may therefore seem like hubris. But you have to start
somewhere, and IBM and the Ecole Poly technique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), in
Switzerland, propose to start by replicating “in silico”，as the jargon has it，one of the brain’s building blocks.
(2) In a partnership announced on June 6th of 2005, the two organizations said they would be working
together to build a simulation of a structure known as a neo-cortical column on a type of IBM supercomputer
that is currently used to study the molecular functioning of genes. If that works, they plan to use future, more
powerful computers to link such simulated columns together into something that mimics a brain.
(3) In a real brain，a neo-cortical column is a cylindrical element about a third of a millimeter in diameter
and three millimeters long, containing some 10,000 nerve cells. It is these columns, arranged side by side like
the cells of a honeycomb, which make up the famous “grey matter” that has become shorthand for human in
telligence. The Blue Gene/L supercomputer that will be used for the simulation consists of enough independent
processors for each to be programmed to emulate an individual nerve cell in a column.
(4) The EPFL's contribution to the Blue Brain Project, as it has inevitably been dubbed, will be to create a
digital description of how the columns behave. Its Brain Mind Institute has what is generally regarded as the
world’s most extensive set of data on the machinations of the neo-cortex—the columns’ natural habitat and the
part of the brain responsible for learning, memory，language and complex thought. This database will provide
the raw material for the simulation. Biologists and computer scientists will then collaborate to connect the
artificial nerve cells up in a way that mimics nature. They will do so by assigning electrical properties to them,
and telling them how to communicate with each other and how they should modify their connections with one
another depending on their activity.
(5) That will be no mean feat. Even a single nerve cell is complicated，not least because each one has
about 1(),()(M) connections with others. And nerve cells come in great variety一relying, for example, on different
chemical transmitters to carry messages across those connections. Eventually，however，a digital representation of
an entire column should emerge.
(6) This part of the project is expected to take two to three years. From then on, things will go in two
directions simultaneously. One will be to ''grow" more columns (the human brain contains about 1 million of
them) and get them to interact with one another. The second will be to work at a more elementary level—
that is, to simulate the molecular structure of the brain, and to look at the influence of gene expression on
brain function.
(7) Assuming that the growth of computing power continues to follow Moore's Law, Charles Peck, the
leader of IBM’s side of the collaboration，reckons it should be feasible to emulate an entire human brain in
silico this way in ten to fifteen years. Such an artificial brain would, of course, be a powerful research tool. It
would allow neurological experiments that currently take days in a “web lab” to be conducted in seconds. The
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• •专八阅读
researchers hope, for instance, that their simulated brain will reveal the secrets of how certain psychiatric and
neurological disorders develop. But that is probably not the real reason for doing it. The most interesting
questions, surely, are whether such an artificial brain will be intelligent, or conscious, or both.
9. Which of the following is NOT true about a neo-cortical column?
A. It is cylindrical containing many cells. B. It will be used to mimic a human brain.
C. It is a simulation of a structure. D. It is the element of “human intelligence”.
10. What does the sentence (,
354
• .SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section there are four passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple
choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, By C and D. Choose the one that you think is
the best answer.
Passage One
(l)Hollywood was an attractive place for the early filmmakers to settle, full of
good weather, orange and lemon trees. For producers who owed money on borrowed
camera equipment if a creditor came after them, they could hide among the trees. It
was a hard business full of casualties and took a pirate's mentality to survive. Most
of the studio heads were from poor backgrounds, with limited English skills and
never forgot their childhood or a personal slight. Included were Jack, Harry, Albert and Sam, the four Warner
Brothers from Youngstown, Ohio. They had begun with showing movies off the side of a tent in Youngstown,
borrowing all the chairs from the local undertaker. Every time there was a funeral in Youngstown，they had to
give all the chairs back and the film patrons were forced to stand.
(2) As a boy Jack Warner wished to be a singer and a comedian. His brothers, recognizing his lack of
talent instructed him to sing in the tent when they wanted the audience to leave. He was later advised that the
money was not in performing, it was in paying performers. Among the stars that would be under contract to
him would be Betty Davis, James Cagney, Humphrey Bogart and Errol Flynn.
(3) The silent days were a struggle for Warner Bros. Rin Tin Tin, a German shepherd that according to his
publicity was bom in a foxhole in World War I, was their biggest star. Heroic as he might have been on the
screen, he proved to be, like many stars, cantankerous in person. Jack Warner took the dog on a publicity
tour. As he introduced him to the crowd，his ungrateful employee bit him on the behind, leading to the dog’s
dismissal. It proved to be a prelude to Warner's many future battles with stars.
(4) Trying to make a name for themselves, the four brothers got great publicity by announcing that the
renowned opera tenor Caruso would be arriving from Italy to make a film for them. They paid him 25,000
dollars and then put him in a silent movie.
(5) The movie studios had the technology to make talking films years before they made them. One of the
reasons why they resisted the idea was that they didn’t want to risk losing their overseas market. Stars like
Charlie Chaplin, Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford rarely ever had a flop as their films were shown around
the world and knew no language barriers. But in 1926 the silent films faced their biggest competition with a
new device called the radio. As movie attendance dwindled, the studio heads shut their eyes and pretended the
radio was not there. But the Wamers led by the ambitious Sam, decided to push the envelope and try to save
their sinking studio by experimenting with movie sound.
(6) Sam purchased an experimental sound system called Vitaphone. They then acquired the rights to The
Jazz Singer, a popular play about a young man who had a beautiful voice and is offered a Broadway career
against the wishes of his Old World Jewish father. In the play the son gave in to his father but the Warners,
wishing to reach a wider audience, Americanized the story by having the son follow his own dreams. Star
A1 Jolson adlibbed the dialogue, “Wait a minute，wait a minute you ain’t heard nothing， yet! ” The
Warner's were only intending singing but at the last minute they impulsively kept the line in the film. The
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• •专八阅读
Jazz Singer received a standing ovation when it premiered in New York in 1927 and went on to make three
and half million dollars at a time when admission costs 20 cents. The sound revolution was under way!
(7)Movie audiences had often been loud and noisy while watching silent films. Now the theater's got quiet
as people strained to hear every word. Movie Theater's had to be rewired for sound, costing major studios like
Paramount and Fox millions of dollars. Movies now had to film mostly at night as any passing truck noise
could min a sound recording. “How boring!” said Mary Pickford. “At first we moved! Now everyone is standing
around talking!M One enterprising actor was hired for one day's work. When the director wasn't looking he let
a bunch of crickets loose on the set. It was five days before the crew could round up the chirping crickets,
and the actor kept on hold received five times the paycheck.
1. The phrase “a pirate’s mentality to survive” in the first paragraph probably means that
A. in order to survive, they had to sail on the seas
B. in order to survive, they had to sell others’ works
C. when being asked for money，they had to hide up
D. when short of money, they had to rob the others
2. What was Hollywood like?
A. It was a place of wild grassland. B. It was a place full of small stars.
C. It was a place filled with talents. D. It was a place full of poor boys.
3. The following were the experiences of Warner Brothers EXCEPT .
A. showing film off the tent side B. being a singer and a comedian
C. playing the silent films D. playing the sound films
4. Which of the following did NOT contribute to Warner Brothers’ success?
A. Ambition. B. Suspicion. C. Persistence. D. Publicity.
Passage
f------------------«
(1) Disaster struck 250 million years ago, when the worst devastation in the earth's
主 题：历史探索
history occurred. Called the end-Permian mass extinction, it marks a fundamental
字 数：687
change in the development of life.
建议用时：丨0分钟
L---- (2) The history of life on the earth is replete with catastrophes of varying magni
tudes. The one that has captured the most attention is the extinction of the dinosaurs
and other organisms 65 million years ago一between the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods—which claimed up to
half of all species. As severe as that devastation was，it pales in comparison to the greatest disaster of them
all: the mass extinction some 250 million years ago, at the end of the Permian period. Affectionately called
“the mother of mass extinctionsamong paleontologists (with apologies to Saddam Hussein), it yielded a
death toll that is truly staggering. About 90 percent of all species in the oceans disappeared during the last
several million years of the Permian. On land, more than two thirds of reptile and amphibian families vanished.
Insects, too, did not escape the carnage: 30 percent of insect orders ceased to exist，marking the only mass
extinction insects have ever undergone.
(3)But from catastrophes, opportunities arise. For several hundred million years before the end-Permian
event，the shallow seas had been dominated by life-forms that were primarily immobile. Most marine animals
lay on the seafloor or were attached to it by stalks, filtering the water for food or waiting for prey. In the af
termath of the extinction, many once minor groups一active, predatory relatives of modern-day fish，squids,
snails and crabs—were able to expand. Some completely new lineages appeared. This ecological reorganization
was so dramatic that it forms a fundamental boundary in the history of life. Not only does it demarcate the
Permian and Triassic periods, it also establishes the close of the Paleozoic era and the start of the Mesozoic
356
• •Part❿ 22篇阅读高分冲刺
era. The modem tidal pool reflects what lived and what died 250 million years ago.
(4) Over the past few years, exciting new insights into the causes and consequences of the end-Permian
mass extinction have poured in from virtually every branch of the earth sciences. Some of these findings
include detailed studies of rapid changes in ocean chemistry, more thorough documentation of extinction
patterns and new analyses showing that large volcanic eruptions occurred at the Permo-Triassic boundary.
(5) How much do mass extinctions contribute to the evolution of a group, as compared with long-term
adaptive trends? For example，sea urchins are ubiquitous in modem oceans but were relatively uncommon dur
ing the Pennian. Only a single genus, Miocidaris, is known for certain to have survived the extinction. Did
Miocidaris survive by pure chance, or was it better adapted? Would sea urchins today look any different had it
not been for the end-Pemiian extinction?
(6) To resolve such questions, we need to learn more about the causes of the catastrophe and how those
species that survived differed from those that disappeared. The key sources for this information are rock layers
and fossils. Unfortunately, samples from the late Permian and early Triassic are notoriously difficult to come
by. The fossil record across the boundary is plagued by poor preservation, a lack of rock to sample and other
problems, including access. An extensive drop in sea level during the late Permian limited the number of ma
rine rocks deposited on land, and many areas where the best rocks were preserved (most notably, in southern
China) have been relatively hard for some geologists to reach.
(7) As such, it has proved difficult to ascertain just how quickly life was snuffed out or if the deaths were
subject to any regional variations. Some creatures, especially those sensitive to changes in the environment, died
off rapidly, as shown by Erik Flugel and his colleagues at the University of Erlangen, who arrived at this con
clusion after examining reefs in southern China and Greece. Other evidence indicates more gradual loss of life.
(8) Intensive studies of newly found and critical boundary layers in Italy, Austria and southern China have
helped our understanding. They indicate that the duration of the extinction is shorter than previously thought,
implying that abruptly calamitous environmental conditions must have set in.
5. The relationship between the second and third paragraphs is that .
A. both present the destruction of the disaster B. the second generalizes the third with examples
C. the third is the logical result of the second D. each presents one side of the disaster
6. What is the role of the third paragraph in the development of the topic?
A. To describe the rapid changes in oceanic chemistry.
B. To introduce some extinction patterns documented.
C. To offer supporting evidence for the preceding paragraphs.
D. To provide a contrast to the preceding paragraphs.
7. What is the sixth paragraph mainly talking about?
A. The end-Permian mass extinction is called “ecological reorganization”.
B. The main sources for the extinction are rock layers and fossils.
C. The boundary layers in Northern China help understand ancient conditions.
D. Scientists can not make sure what life is lost rapidly or gradually.
8. We can infer from the passage that _____ •
A. there is a general agreement over the causes of the end-Permian mass extinction
B. marine animals would have disappeared but for the end-Permian mass extinction
C. the insects can adapt themselves to the changeable environment in the history
D. the end-Permian mass extinction must have prevented the spread of the species
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• •专八阅读
Passage Three
(1)1 am standing under Hammersmith Bridge looking at something I have known
主 题 ：人物情感 all my life as a Londoner but am beginning to realize that I don’t have a clue about.
字 数 ：752 The River Thames has been here a lot longer than the city itself, but it has been
建 议 用 时 ：13分钟 keeping its secrets well hidden beneath those familiar muddy tones of green and
brown. On a grey afternoon such as this one，the surface of the river is particularly
unforgiving, and a tentative dip soon brings me close to fast-running water. This is the sort of stuff that carries
people away to a watery doom and I don't want any part of that.
(2) But F m here with an open mind at this family beach party in Hammersmith, part of a series of events
in South East Marine Week. It is not a beach party in the traditional sense，needless to say, more an
opportunity to get a little gentle education. I had been vaguely aware，over the past few years, that the river
was getting cleaner all the time. Its very appearance，it appears，is deceptive, because its color is a result of
the natural silts which are constantly disturbed from the bottom. From being a river that supported no fish at all,
it can now boast more than 100 different types. I was aware that the Thames occasionally played host to a
well-publicized dolphin or seal, but this diversity was news to me. It is all the result, I was informed, of the
fact that the North Sea pours up the river twice a day, bringing with it all the teeming life of those salty depths.
(3) 1 took a deep breath and went for a light dredge with a net. The results didn’t look like much at all，
but when carefully sifted my sample was teeming with tiny shrimps, which are the basic foodstuff of the river,
the tiny little fellows holding the key to the food chain. There were, thankfully, better fishermen here than me,
and there was great excitement when someone captured a flounder. Granted, it was about an inch long, but the
flounder was otherwise perfect in every detail. Further excitement was to follow, with the capture of the shell
of a crab, but that did not last long. The shell belonged to a Chinese mitten crab— so called because it appears
to have mittens on its claws. Rachel Hill from the Environment Agency explained to me that it ate everything
in its path，suffered no effective predators, and caused havoc by its habit of burrowing into the river banks，
which are consequently being eroded. Furthermore, the fact that it was only a shell meant that somewhere not
too far away the former occupant was going about its business—only this time it would be bigger. This
unwanted visitor, a delicacy in the restaurants of Chinatown, is here to stay.
⑷ Further up the beach, enthusiastic volunteers were coping with another menace，this one of human
making. The amount of rubbish on this relatively small stretch of the river was astonishing and depressing.
There were the expected plastic bottles and hamburger cartons, tossed away carelessly by idiots. To my
surprise, there was also the wheel from a car, complete with tyre. The most sinister items were also among the
smallest: slim white sticks which looked as if they might have come from a child's lollipop but are, in fact,
cotton buds. The thought occurred that thousands of Londoners must come to the banks of the Thames each
morning to clean out their ears. By the end of the afternoon, all this rubbish had been cleared away in a quite
astonishing number of black bags, but it would have been better had it not been there in the first place.
(5)There was，however，great cause for optimism in the behavior of the kids who were present. They
huddled excitedly round microscopes to look at tiny shrimps and gobies transformed into fearsome-looking
creatures. They listened intently as it was explained to them how important it was to keep the river clean.
Even the very smallest who were painting their fishy face masks might have gone away with the idea that fish
are a good thing and worth looking after. It occurred to me that if the grown-ups persist in behaving like human
Chinese mitten crabs, then it will be down to the coming generations to ensure that the good work which has
already been done on this great river is not to be wasted.
9. What was the real enemy of the River Thames?
A. Dolphins. B. Flounders. C. Crabs. D. Rubbish.
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• •Part ® 22篇阅读高分冲剌
10. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the River Thames?
A. It is a river which has 4 long history. B. There are over 100 types of fish in it.
C. It is as clean as what it used to be. D. There are thousands of people using the water from it.
11. Which of the following adjectives best describes the author^ attitude towards the future of the River
Thames?
A. Indifferent. B. Concerned. C. Negative. D. Radical.
Passage Four
(1) Substantial changes in the nation's mad cow testing system were ordered yester
r
主 题：科学发现 day after British tests on a cow slaughtered in November confirmed that it had the
数：607 disease even though the American 44gold standard，? test said it did not.
字
建议用时：10分钟 (2) **The protocol we developed just a few years ago to conduct the tests might not
--------------------4
be the best option today,” Agriculture Secretary Mike Johanns said in making the an
nouncement. “Science is ever evolving•”
(3) At an afternoon news conference in Washington, Mr. Johanns described serious errors in the testing in
the United States on the animal, the second one found with mad cow disease, formally known as bovine
spongiform encephalopathy.
(4) But he also defended the safety of American beef，reminding reporters that the animal had been incin
erated rather than being ground into hamburger，as the first one was in late 2(X)3.
(5) “1 enjoyed beef this noon for lunch，” Mr. Johanns said. “It is the safest beef in the world.”
(6) The head of the testing laboratory in Weybridge, England who joined the news conference by telephone,
said he was “pretty confident” that the incidence of mad cow disease in American herds was “very little indeed”
(7) Of 388,000 tests in the last year, only three positive rapid tests have been found, and only this one has
been confirmed.
(8) Until yesterday, the Agriculture Department used a rapid test called an Elisa and confirmed any posi
tives with a slower immunohistochemistry test, which it calls the “gold standard.”
(9) The Europeans and the Japanese use those tests, but routinely add a confirmatory Western blot test，
which is more sensitive.
(10) The Agriculture Department asked the English laboratory, regarded as one of the world's best, to retest
the samples.
(11) In response to questions, Dr. John Clifford, the Agriculture Department’s chief veterinarian, revealed
another surprise: the animal's disease strain did not closely resemble the British-style strain found in the first
mad cow, which was bom in Canada and raised in Washington State.
(12) Instead，it was closer to a strain found in France—a result，another scientist said, that suggested that
the infection had come from a different pool of infected feed，possibly imported from France.
(13) Despite the Agriculture Department's assurances, critics said the dispute revealed serious flaws in the
testing regimen used here for 15 years.
(14) “All this foot-dragging has got to stop，” Michael K. Hansen, a senior research associate at Consumers
Union, said excitedly.
(]5)“They waited seven months to do this test?” Dr. Hansen asked. “And they didn’t even bother to write
up a report?”
(16) Like other critics, Dr. Hansen called for testing all animals over 20 months old，and for bans on feed-
ing poultry litter that has spilled cattle meal in it back to cattle，giving calves “milk replacer” made from cat-
tie blood and letting cows eat dried restaurant “plate waste.”
(17) Dr. Hansen said the feed bans that the department refers to as its “firewall” were “more of a white
picket fence.”
• 359 •专八阅读
(18) Mr. Johanns refused to give details about the animal, other than to repeat that it was bom before the
1997 ban on feeding ruminant protein to ruminants, that it was raised for beeC not dairy, and that it was too
crippled to walk when it was killed.
(19) There was "no evidence** that it was bom outside the United States, Mr. Johanns said, and its brain was
sampled for tests at a plant specializing in diseased and dead animals. Most beef animals are slaughtered when
they are less than 3 years old.
(20) D N A tests will be started to find the herd it was raised with, Mr. Johanns said. Normally, an infected
animal's whole herd is slaughtered on the assumption that all ate the same feed.
12. According to the passage, which of the following is true of ugold standardM?
A. The excellent system in the past has serious errors now.
B. It used to be and is the best choice for testing the animals.
C. It is a very effective system to test the animals until now.
D. It is a rapid test system which doesn't need changing.
13. The word ^incinerate" in the 4th paragraph probably means .
A. reveal B. destroy C. kill D. bum
14. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. American beef is 10()% safe in the world due to the excellent testing system.
B. US government should make sure that the beef in the market is safe enough.
C. American 44gold standard" should not be in use any more due to serious errors in it.
D. Europeans and Japanese recognized the sensitivity of mad cow disease testing system.
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
In this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each
question in NO more than 10 words.
Passage One
15. Why did the Warner Brothers produce the talking films?
16. What symbolized the beginning of the sound revolution?
Passage Two
17. What kind of animals got the life opportunities from the disaster?
Passage Three
18. What does the author want to find out?
19. What is the most disgusting and smallest rubbish in the author9s eyes?
20. What is the passage mainly about?
Passage Four
21. What is the ' gold standard" used to test according to the passage?
22. What is the most possible reason for mad cow disease?
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• •Part ® 22篇阅读高分冲剌
C b
：答案与详解
SECTION A
Passage One
1. [c ] 【解析】解答此题的关键是对第1段前三句话之间关系的正确理解。笔者语调虽然轻松幽默，但却表达了
好莱坞早期电影制片人创业的垠辛。答案C 紧扣文章第丨段第2句话，是对“海盗的生存心态”的铖佳解
释。A 、D 是对海盗的常意理解；B 与文章意思无关，均应排除
2. [C】【解析】回答此题的线索遍于全文不同地方，特别在第2 段和第5 段中我们可以集中找到当时许多电影大
明嵬的名字，所以正确答案为C 。好莱坞虽然有众多果树，却不是如A 所说的“一片莽原”;B 错在“明星”前
加 r small;D按常识就可排除。
3. |B]【解析】与选项B 貌似相关的原文出处在第2 段第1 句话,但原文意思是华纳兄弟中的Jack小时候希望自
己能成为歌唱家和喜剧演员，后文告诉我们这一愿望并未得到实现，显然B 并非是这些兄弟的真实经历。
因此B 为正确答案。
4. [B]【解析】题目要求通过全文总结华纳兄弟的特点，此题用排除法做最佳3 考生在通览全文后应该得出基本印
象，即文商作者对华纳兄弟是持完全肯定的态度，而B “猜疑、有疑心”显然是贬义同，得不到原文的任何支持，
故为正确答案。
Passage Two
5. [ D ] 【解析丨解答此题关键在于第3 段首句，它承担了承上启下的ffi要作用，揭示出第2 段和第3 段之间的逻
辑关系，即物种大灭绝导致的catastrophes (大灾难）和opportunities (机会）并存，所以选项D “每段展示灾唯
的一面”是正确答案。
6. 【D ] 【解析丨如果对第5 题的理解正确的话，本题的答案也就水到渠成。它们其实是以不同方式询问同一方面
的问题，即第3 段在全文中的功能，尤其和上段之间的关系问题从第5 题分析可知，它们之间的关系是对
比关系，因此答案是D 。
7 . 丨B 1 【解析丨冋答此题需要对第6段进行主题思想的概括：这段的核心内容是关于岩石层和化石，它们是解开大
灭绝之谜的钥匙第6段第2句是该段的主题句，因此正确答案是B
8. [A ] 【解析】此题是道推论题。文章最后一段告诉我们新的关键证据得到了深人细致的研究，从而有助于我们
对大灭绝原因的理解选项A 正是在此基础上作出的正确推断：对于二黉纪末大灭绝的原因已有总的一致
意见。
Passage Three
9 . 丨D 】【解析丨解答此题的关键是对作者态度的把握从倒数第2 段我们可以读出作者对人们给泰晤十河造成的
垃圾深恶痛绝因此泰哨士河真正的敌人自然就是垃圾了：根据倒数第3 段锻后一句，虽然螃蟹也是“不受
欢迎的”,但is here to stay。
10. 丨 C l 【解析】此题答案可定位到原文第2段。第 2段第3 句话说“在过去几年里，河水变得越干净”，这显然和
答案C 的“河水和以前一样干净”相矛盾，所以C 的说法是不正确的。
11. [B】【解析】从原文最后一段我们可以推断出作者对泰晤士河未来的态度：孩子们的表现使他持乐观态度，这
本身说明他对泰晤士河未来的关注，因此正确答案是B:
Passage Four
12. 【A ] 【解析】原文第2 段中美国部长对第一段the “gold standard”检测结果出错做出的评价是“数年前我们制
定的检测方案可能不是当今最好的选择。科学总是在不断发展从中我们可以解读出A 是正确答案.
13. [D 1【解析】incinerate对考生来说很可能是生词，所以放到原文正确理解它和上下文的关系是解题关键原句
中Yf个和incinerate进行对比的being ground into hamburger被磨碎成汉增焰儿，则似是而非的选项B
和C 都可被排除，只有选项D 是具体的处理方式，为正确答案。
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• •专八阅读
14. [ C ] 【解析】本题考査全文中心思想。原文首段即可视作全文的主题句。文章后面的内容都是对此主题句的解
释和延伸，所以选项C “由于美国的‘黄金标准’检测方法有严重错误不应再被使用”是正确答案。
SECTION B
Passage !)•
〇
15. Because they wanted to compete with the radio.
【解析】此题答案定位于第5 段的后半段。文章中说在1926年，无声电影面临蒞收音机这一新型设备的巨大竞争。
为了挽救自己正在沉没的电影制片厂，华纳兄弟决定试验有声电影，W 此答案可概括为Because they
wanted to compete with the radio
16. The film 77if Jazz 57«供/\
【解析】根据题H 中的the sound revolution定位到第6 段。该段主要是讲《爵士歌王》这部电影，明星艾尔•乔尔森
在该电影中即兴插人的两句台词被冷不丁地保留下来，当时映轰动全场，为华纳赚f 不少钱u末句说“由
此，声音革命开始了”，由此可推断，（爵七歌王>这部电影象征了声音革命的开始，故答案为The film r心
Jazz Singer。
Passage Two
17. Marine animals.
【解析】根据题目中the life opportunities定位到第3 段。第 3 段第4 句说“灭绝发生后，许多曾经算是少数群体的
海洋生物—— 现代的鱼、鱿鱼、螺、蟹的那些活跃的食肉近亲—— 得以发展壮大，也出现了一些全新的物种
世系。”其中的minor groups指的是上文提到的marine animals少数群体，可见存活下来的是当时的海洋
动物，故答案为Marine animals3
Passage Three
18. Why the surface of the River Thames is muddy.
【解析】根据题目中want to fmd out査找到原文第1段。作者在第1段首句中就表明自己对泰晤士河并不了解
紧接着第2 句说“在河面熟悉的绿色和棕色的混浊色调下始终隐藏着它的秘密”，从这两句的逻辑关系里
我们可以推断出作者试图寻求泰噃士河水面混浊的原因，故答案为Why the surface of the River
Thames is muddy
19. Slim white sticks from cotton buds.
【解析】根据题目中的the most disgusting和smallest定位到倒数第2段。该段第5句说的items实际就是指“垃
圾”，题目中的disgusting与原文的sinister语义相近，而冒号后的内容就是作者说的“最让人恶心的也是最
小的垃圾”:来自棉签的细细的白色棍棒，故答案为Slim white sticks from cotton buds。
20. The environment of the River Thames.
【解析】通读全文不难得出此篇文章跟泰晤士河环境这一主题相关，因此答案为The environment of the River
Thames 〇
MpiMsage Four
21. A mad cow disease.
【解析】从原文第1段即可得出the “gold standard"是用来检测疯牛病的：尽管美闻“黄金标准”检测说一头在11
月被婼宰的牛没得疯牛病，在英闰的检测却确证它患了此病。可见答案为A mad cow disease。
22. Cow’s infected feed.
【解析】解答此题的关键ft原文的第12段。从该段中我们可以了解到疯牛身上感染的病毒有可能来自从法闰进口
的被感染的饲料.所以答案为Cow’s infected feed
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• •SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section there are four passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple
choice question, there are four suggested answers marked Ay B， C and D. Choose the one that you think is
the best answer.
Passage One
~\ (1)1 remember meeting him one evening with his pushcart. I had managed to sell
主 题：人物故事
all my papers and was coming home in the snow. It was that strange hour in
字 数：489
downtown New York when the workers were pouring homeward in the twilight. I
i 建 议 用 时 分 钟 marched among thousands of tired men and women whom the factory whistles had
v___________________/
unyoked. They flowed in rivers through the clothing factory districts, then down along
the avenues to the East Side.
(2) 1 met my father near Cooper Union. I recognized him, a hunched, frozen figure in an old overcoat
standing by a banana cart. He looked so lonely, the tears came to my eyes. Then he saw me, and his face lit
with his sad, beautiful smile—Charlie Chaplin’s smile.
(3) **Arch, it’s Mikey，” he said. “So you have sold your papers! Come and eat a banana/'
(4) He offered me one. I refused it. I felt it crucial that my father sell his bananas, not give them away.
He thought I was shy, and coaxed and joked with me, and made me eat the banana. It smelled of wet straw
and snow.
(5) “You haven’t sold many bananas today, pop，" I said anxiously.
(6) He shrugged his shoulders.
(7) “What can I do? No one seems to want them.”
(8) It was true. The work crowds pushed home morosely over the pavements. The rusty sky darkened over
New York buildings, the tall street lamps were lit, innumerable trucks, street cars and elevated trains clattered
by. Nobody and nothing in the great city stopped for my father’s bananas.
⑼ “I ought to yell，” said my father dolefully. “I ought to make a big noise like other peddlers, but it
makes my throat sore. Anyway，I’m ashamed of yelling，it makes me feel like a fool.”
(10)1 had eaten one of his bananas. M y sick conscience told me that I ought to pay for it somehow. I
must remain here and help my father.
(]1)‘T11 yell for you，pop，’’ I volunteered.
(12) “Arch，no，” he said, “go home; you have worked enough today. Just tell mom m a F 11 be late.”
(13) But I yelled and yelled. M y father, standing by，spoke occasional words of praise，and said I was a
wonderful yeller. Nobody else paid attention. The workers drifted past us wearily, endlessly; a defeated army
wrapped in dreams of home. Elevated trains crashed; the Cooper Union clock burned above us; the sky grew
black，the wind poured，the slush burned through our shoes. There were thousands of strange, silent figures
pouring over the sidewalks in snow. None of them stopped to buy bananas. I yelled and yelled, nobody
listened.
(14) My father tried to stop me at last. <4Nu/* he said smiling to console me, 4
